УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И/ИЛИ КОНТРОЛЯ ПРОТОЧНОГО РАСХОДА ОБЪЕМА И/ИЛИ МАССЫ ИЗМЕРЯЕМОЙ СРЕДЫ

Устройство выполнено в виде прибора измерения расхода Clamp-On, либо прибора измерения расхода Inline, интегрированного в трубопровод, и снабжено по меньшей мере двумя ультразвуковыми преобразователями, которые посылают и/или принимают измерительные сигналы вдоль определенной звуковой дорожки. Для создания многоканального ультразвукового прибора в проходящей через трубопровод/измерительную трубу звуковой дорожке на определенном расстоянии от внутренней стенки расположен по меньшей мере один отражающий элемент. Блок регулировки и оценки результатов определяет расход измеряемой среды в трубопроводе/измерительной трубе согласно принципу разности времен распространения измерительных сигналов. В вариантах осуществления отражающий элемент имеет форму трубы, либо зафиксированной в трубопроводе/измерительной трубе посредством перемычек, либо соединенной с трубопроводом/измерительной трубой в зоне углов поперечного сечения трубы, количество которых больше трех. Отражающие элементы также могут иметь ...

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЕ

Описан ультразвуковой преобразователь (110) для применения в текучей среде (116). Ультразвуковой преобразователь (110) включает в себя по меньшей мере один сердечник (118) с по меньшей мере одним акустоэлектрическим преобразующим элементом (112), в частности пьезоэлектрическим преобразующим элементом (112). Также ультразвуковой преобразователь (110) имеет по меньшей мере один корпус (120) с по меньшей мере одним отверстием (122), по меньшей мере частично изолированным от текучей среды (116) посредством связанной с сердечником (118) изоляционной пленки (130). Изоляционная пленка (130) имеет по меньшей мере один компенсационный деформированный участок (134) для компенсации ее растяжения и обеспечения возможности взаимного перемещения сердечника (118) и корпуса (120) ультразвукового преобразователя. 12 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 18 ил.

РАСХОДОМЕР С УЛУЧШЕННЫМ ВРЕМЕНЕМ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ СИГНАЛА

Настоящее изобретение относится к расходомерам и, в частности, к ультразвуковым расходомерам с временем прохождения. Согласно изобретению предлагается способ определения скорости потока жидкости в трубопроводе для текучей среды. Во время фазы генерирования сигнала импульсный сигнал подают в первый ультразвуковой измерительный преобразователь. Сигнал отклика затем принимают на втором ультразвуковом измерительном преобразователе. Измерительный сигнал потом получают из сигнала отклика, при этом получение включает обращение части сигнала по отношению ко времени. Во время фазы измерения жидкость двигается по отношению к трубопроводу для текучей среды. Измерительный сигнал затем подают в один из двух измерительных преобразователей, и сигнал отклика измерительного сигнала измеряют на другом измерительном преобразователе. Скорость потока получают из сигнала отклика измерительного сигнала. Технический результат – улучшение времени прохождения сигнала в расходомере. 6 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 60 ил.

Ультразвуковой способ измерения скорости течения и расхода воды в открытых водоемах

Messeinrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Fluidgröße und Verfahren zur Überwachung des Betriebs einer Messeinrichtung

Messeinrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Fluidgröße, wobei eine Steuereinrichtung (2) dazu eingerichtet ist, Schwingelemente (15 - 18) eines Schwingungswandlers (5, 6) derart anzusteuern, dass eine geführte Welle angeregt wird, die zu einem anderen Schwingungswandler (5, 6) oder zurück zu dem gleichen Schwingungswandler (5, 6) führbar ist, um Schwingelemente (15 - 18) dieses Schwingungswandlers (5, 6) zu Schwingungen anzuregen, wobei die Steuereinrichtung (2) dazu eingerichtet ist, in einem Normalbetriebsmodus von den Ausgangssignalen dieser Schwingelemente (15 - 18) abhängige Messdaten zu erfassen und die Fluidgröße in Abhängigkeit der Messdaten zu ermitteln, wobei die Steuereinrichtung (2) dazu eingerichtet ist, eine Fehlfunktionsbedingung zu prüfen, deren Erfüllung von den Messdaten und/oder von einer durch die Steuereinrichtung ermittelten Impedanzinformation, die die Impedanz (41 - 42) des jeweiligen Schwingungswandlers (5, 6) betrifft, abhängt und eine Fehlfunktion wenigstens eines der ...

Durchflussmesser

Durchflussmesser für flüssige oder gasförmige Medien mit einer Messkammer (2), mindestens einem Einlass (4) und mindestens einem Auslass (5) sowie mindestens einem Temperaturfühler (6) mit einem Thermoelement (9) zur Erfassung der Temperatur des durchströmenden Mediums, wobei der mindestens eine Temperaturfühler (6) zumindest bereichsweise in einem Bereich mit reduzierter Strömung des Mediums angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömung des Mediums im Bereich des mindestens einen Temperaturfühlers (6) durch mindestens ein Mittel zur Strömungsführung so zwangsgeführt ist, dass eine Spaltströmung um den mindestens einen Temperaturfühler (6) erzeugt wird.

ELEKTROAKUSTISCHE WANDLERVORRICHTUNG

ANTI-CAKING COMPOSITION

... 1429765 Anti-caking compositions for particulate materials UNILEVER Ltd 5 June 1973 [5 June 1972 15 Jan 1973] 26048/72 and 1995/73 Heading C1B An anti-caking composition for addition to particulate salts, particularly fertilizer particles, to prevent their coalescence and caking, comprises: (1) a cationic aliphatic amine material selected from the group consisting of amines having the formulae and wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 8-22 carbon atoms; R 1 and R 2 are each either H or an alkyl group containing 1-22 carbon atoms; (2) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid having from 8-22 carbon atoms in the molecule, or polymer thereof; (3) a C 2-4 alkanol amine or a metal hydroxide; and optionally (4) an inert organic solvent. Typical components are: (1) stearylamine, tallow amine, oleylamine; (2) coconut fatty acids, lauric acid, stearic acid, azelaic acid; (3) mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamines, aluminium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide; and (4) mineral oil, ...

A beer metering system

A Beer Metering System based on measuring the flow velocity by a sound wave method. Sound waves are transmitted along a section of pipe carrying the beer. The transmission time will vary depending on the flow velocity. An electronic detector coupled to an electronic measuring system computes the flow velocity from the time change for transmission. By alternately transmitting and receiving from each sound transducer involved, many errors may be eliminated. As the pipe diameter is accurately known, the flow rate can be computed from the flow velocity. Having computed flow rate, it is possible to control the dispensing of fixed volumes such as a 1/2 pint and to register a total flow volume.

An electroacoustic transducer device

The electroacoustic transducer device 10 comprises an electroacoustic transducer, preferably piezoelectric, 12 within a housing 25 such that there is a region 32 between the transducer 12 and the housing 25. This region surrounds the transducer 12 but does not cover a transmitting surface 42 of the transducer coupling means 36. The said region is filled or is at least partly filled with an acoustically-attenuating closed-cell foam 35 at least a part of which is coated with an adhesive sealant 35 which provides a water-resistant seal between the transducer 12 and the housing 25. The device may be used within an acoustic fluid-flow meter and/or an acoustic anemometer.

Improvements in or relating to fluid flow monitors

A fluid flow monitor comprising means (9, 11) for sensing the rate of formation of Karman vortices (8) caused by a vortex inducing element (7) in a fluid flow along a passage (1) having sides (5 and 6) provided with recesses (27 and 28) has the means (9, 11) associated with the recesses (27 and 28) to extend the operational flow range. ...

FLUID FLOWMETER OF THE KARMAN VORTEX DETECTING TYPE AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION

... 1413043 Transducer assembly WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 19 Feb 1973 [1 March 1972] 8051/73 Heading H4J A transducer device, e.g. for use in measuring the liquid flow rate along a pipe, comprises a removable transducer assembly 26 and holder 22 (Fig. 2), the arrangement being such that the transducer assembly is held against a window 24 in the holder 22 by means of a spring 72 and sleeve 70, the tension of the spring being adjustable by means of a screw 74. 0-ring seals 60, 61 are provided. In a similar arrangement (Fig. 4, not shown) the holder (87) is mounted perpendicular to the pipe axis and the transducer assembly 26 is mounted at an angle to the spring (100). Further the window (89) is formed separately from the holder. Transducer assembly (Fig. 2).-A piezoelectric element, e.g. of barium titanate or lead metaniobate, has its front surface 31 encapsulated in a elastomeric material 42 such as silicone rubber for abutting the window 22 and its rear surface 32 is separated from a pressure ...

Submerisible test unit

... 1,083,868. Submarine exploration; space vehicles. U.S.A. NAVY. Dec. 10, 1964, No. 50306/64. Heading B7A. [Also in Divisions E2, F1 and G1] A submarine or space vehicle has a unit 10 for sensing conditions in the surrounding fluid medium comprising an actuator housing 16, mounting means 19 for removably securing said housing to an aperture in the hull or wall 36 of the vehicle, a guide bearing 18 mounted in said mounting means, an hydraulically actuated sensing device 11 slidably mounted in said housing and normally locked in a retracted position by a latch 23, an hydraulic actuator piston 12 on the sensing device and dividing the housing into two portions (" extend " 28 and " retract " 29), fluid conduits 21, 22 in communication with the portions providing hydraulic fluid for extending and retracting the device, a sealing plug 14 forming a portion of the sensing device and having a sealing surface 14A for co-operation with a corresponding surface on the guide bearing to seal the open end ...

Ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor system

High flow speed anemometer

Calculating suspended scatterer velocity

PROCEDURE FOR THE MEASUREMENT STROEMUNGSGESCHWINGIGKEIT A FLUID WITH ULTRASONIC.

Deicing system in sodar systems

A system for heating the sound-reflective mirror surface (40) of a phased array monostatic sodar apparatus (1000). The system has a heat source (70) located at a position that is spaced from the mirror (40), a control system (221) that controls the operation of the heat source (70), a working fluid (50) that is heated by the heat source (70) and used to transfer heat from the source (70) to the mirror (40), and a delivery system (60, 80, 90) that constrains the heated working fluid (50) and delivers it from the heat source (70) to the mirror (40).

IMPROVED ACOUSTIC FLOW TRANSDUCER

ANTI-CAKING COMPOSITION

DETERMINING ALTITUDE OF AN AIRCRAFT DURING FLIGHT BASED ON VORTEX SHEDDING

ACOUSTIC FLOWMETERS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

... acoustic flowmeters and methods of using the sameacoustic flowmeters and methods of using the sameVibration-based flowmeters are useable in inaccessible nuclear reactor spaces. Flowmeters include an extension that blocks fluid flow 'in a path and a detector that detects vibrations caused by vortex shedding in the fluid flow around the extension. The detected frequency of the vibrations determines the flow rate, A Strouhal number may be used to calculate the flow speed using extension surface diameter and detected vortex shedding frequency. Several extensions may cover a range of frequencies and flow speeds. Pipe-organ-type flowmeters include a passage with an opening constricted, and subsequent widening section. An extension and outlet that create turbulence in the flow at the outlet create a standing wave and vibration in the extension and/or entire flowmeter. A flow rale of the fluid through the flowmeter can he calculated using length of the passage and/or known properties of the fluid ...

FLUIDICALLY CONTROLLED FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

CONTROL OF STEAM TRAP

Flow meter measuring the deflection of an ultrasound beam by using a piezoresistive receiver

ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHE, SYSTEM AND PROCESS OF MEASUREMENT TOMOGRAPHIQUEULTRASONORE BY MEANS OF SUCH A TOMOGRAPHE

METHOD OF CHARACTERIZING A FIELD OF VELOCITIES OF AIR FLOW FOLLOWING DISCHARGE FROM A SUPERCHARGING SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

DEVICE TO MEASURE A COMPONENT THE SPEED OF THE WIND

연성 도전성 다이아프램, 연성 진동 센서 및 그 제조 방법과 응용

... 연성 도전성 다이아프램 및 그 제조 방법 및 상기 연성 도전성 다이아프램에 기반하는 연성 진동 센서에 있어서, 연성 도전성 다이아프램은 적어도 하나의 전기 전도성 박막을 포함하고, 상기 전기 전도성 박막은 연성 지지층(1), 연성 지지층(1)에 적층 설치되는 연성 민감층(2), 연성 민감층(2)에 적층 설치되는 연성 전기 전도층(3) 및 상기 연성 전기 전도층(3)과 전기적으로 연결되는 전극(4)을 포함한다. 연성 재료, 나노 재료 및 어레이 타입 마이크로 구조 등 기술의 조합을 사용하는 것을 통해, 획득된 연성 진동 센서가 민감도가 높고, 제조 원가가 낮으며, 무게가 가볍고, 두께가 얇으며, 체적이 작고, 폴딩 가능한 등 특징을 구비하도록 하며, 웨어러블하고, 부착 가능한 전자 기기에 응용될 수 있다.

HOUSINGS FOR PHASED ARRAY MONOSTATIC SODAR SYSTEMS

A housing (100) for a phased array monostatic sodar system with a transducer array (10) that emits and receives multiple generally conical main beams of sound along different primary axes. The housing (100) includes one or more upwardly-directed sidewalls (128, 129, 130) that define a volume between them that is open to the atmosphere at the top, to emit and receive the beams, and an upper lip (108) at the top of at least one sidewall (128, 129, 130), defining a curved perimeter at the top of at least some of the volume that closely conforms to the shape of at least one main beam at the location of the lip (108).

Ultrasonic energy transfer sensing system

A system is disclosed for determining the energy transfer across a heat exchanger having an upstream side and a downstream side and mounted within a conduit through which fluid flows, the system including an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic waves through the conduit on the upstream and downstream sides of the heat exchanger, an ultrasonic receiver for receiving the ultrasonic waves on the upstream and downstream sides of the heat exchanger, the receiver providing signals indicative of the temperature difference between the fluid upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger and the velocity of fluid flow through the conduit and a processor connected to the receiver for determining energy transfer between the heat exchanger and the fluid based upon the signals indicative of the temperature difference and the velocity.

Method of displaying stream lines of an inhomogeneous flowing medium and a device therefor

A method and device to display in real time a stream line of an inhomogeneous flowing medium such as blood flow in a heart, is disclosed. The object is scanned several times by ultrasonic beam pulses. Echoes appearing within a predetermined time interval at each point of the object are combined to produce an image of speckles formed by the flow. The process is repeated several times, to obtain the motion of the speckles. Differences between the images of spatially correlated speckles obtained within the time interval, produce the segments of the stream lines. Differences between successive frames or successive lines can be used to produce the speckle and several methods of scanning are disclosed to produce the differences between the images to produce the stream lines.

Method for wind turbine yaw control

A method for yaw control for a wind turbine (1) comprising a rotor with at least one rotor blade (2), the rotor defining a rotor axis (8) and a rotor plane (6, 7) to which the rotor axis (8) is perpendicular, in which the rotor axis (8) is turned such as to minimise the yaw angle (10) between the ambient wind direction (9) and the rotor axis (8) is provided, wherein the turning of the rotor axis (8) is performed based on the measurement of a wind speed in the rotor plane (15) at at least one rotor blade (2). Furthermore, a wind turbine (1) comprising a rotor which comprises a rotor axis (8) and a rotor plane (6) perpendicular to the rotor axis (8) and an anemometer (3) for measuring the ambient wind speed (9) is provided, which is characterised in that the wind turbine (1) further comprises at least one anemometer (3) which is located such at a rotor blade (2) at a particular distance (4) from the rotor axis (8) as to allow for measuring a wind speed in the rotor plane (6).

ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER FOR USING IN A FLUID MEDIUM

IMPROVED SODAR SOUNDING OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE

A method and system for acoustically sounding the lower atmosphere involves the transmitting of an acoustic chirp and the processing of returned echoes and interference using wavelet and matched filter techniques. A single transmitter and four receivers may be used, with receivers located equidistant from the transmitter on the cardinal points of the compass. N, S, E, & W inputs are digitized and input to a wavelet filter (50) together with the transmitter chirp signal (R or D) for the attenuation of the direct signal and ambient noise signals. The interference-attenuated signals are then processed in a matched filter (52) to extract phase and amplitude outputs (54 and 56), the phase output being unwrapped (70). The N and S phase signals and the E and W phase signals are then separately differenced (74 and 80) and the results used to compute (86 and 92) wind speed and bearing. Extracted amplitude signals (56) are put through a second wavelet filter (58) to remove echo clutter before being ...

ULTRASONIC SPEED MEASURING APPARATUS

PURPOSE: To make it possible to detect the speed in a specimen body with high accuracy, by sending the continuous or pulse wave of an ultrasonic wave into the specimen body and changing over the same to a detection range corresponding to a speed to detect an echo while displaying said echo by a function scale. CONSTITUTION: An ultrasonic vibrator 10 receiving control by a high voltage exciting part 20 and a trigger pulse generation part 30 is closely contacted with a body to be inspected to send a pulse or continuous ultrasonic wave and the echo from the interior of the body is received as an electric signal. After output is amplified by a high frequency amplifier part 40, it is supplied to a speed detection part 50 and processed along with the reference signal from a reference signal generation part 60 to detect the speed. Further, a detection range control part 70 for controlling the generation parts 30, 60, the detection part 50 and a display control part 80 are provided and the speed ...

APPARATUS FOR OBSERVING TIDE

PURPOSE: To make it possible to set a shooting position suitable for casting fishing nets instantly by reading display data, by performing the vector display of the result obtained by calculating the tide difference of the tide in one predetermined depth and the tide in the other predetermined depth with respect to the former tide around the position of a ship. CONSTITUTION: A measuring means 6 consists of an ultrasonic tide meter 4 for transmitting ultrasonic waves and detecting the reflected waves from a predetermined depth and a gyrocompass 5 for detecting an absolute azimuth. An operation means 2 calculates the tide difference of the tide in one predetermined depth and the tide in the other predetermined depth with respect to the former tide and constituted from CPU 7, a tide difference calculating means and a first and a second memory means 9, 10. CPU 7 subjects the input signal inputted from the measuring means 6 through A/D converters 11, 12 to calculate the flow direction and the ...

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ РАСХОДОМЕР-СЧЕТЧИК ОБЪЕМНОГО РАСХОДА И ОБЪЕМА ПОТОКОВ ТЕКУЧИХ СРЕД

Изобретение относится к ультразвуковым расходомерам, которые могут быть использованы для измерения объемного расхода жидкостей, газов, газожидкостных смесей и жидкостей, содержащих нерастворенные твердые частицы. Ультразвуковой расходомер-счетчик объемного расхода и объема потоков текучих сред содержит измерительную камеру и ультразвуковые преобразователи с цилиндрическим пьезоэлементом в осесимметричном корпусе, также содержит, по крайней мере, один передающий и два приемных ультразвуковых преобразователя, каждый ультразвуковой преобразователь содержит периодическую структуру, соседние элементы которой имеют акустический или электрический сдвиг фазы, расположенную между пьезоэлементом и плоскостью излучения или пьезоэлементом и плоскостью приема, элементы периодической структуры передающего ультразвукового преобразователя параллельны элементам периодической структуры приемных ультразвуковых преобразователей, а ультразвуковые преобразователи расположены нормально к оси трубопровода со смещением ...

Метеостанция для трехкоординатного измерения вектора скорости потока воздуха и температуры

Изобретение относится к области метеорологии и может быть использовано для измерения трехкоординатного вектора скорости воздуха и температуры. Сущность: метеостанция выполнена в виде флюгера, установленного на двухстепенном шарнире (1). На флюгере установлен блок (2) датчиков и ультразвуковые приемо-передающие датчики (4) температуры и скорости потока воздуха. В блоке (2) датчиков размещены датчики температуры воздуха, датчики относительной влажности воздуха, датчики атмосферного давления, электромагнитный компас, акселерометр, датчик угловых скоростей, устройство обработки информации, устройство передачи информации. Технический результат: повышение точности и скорости измерения скорости и направления ветра, уменьшение габаритных размеров, сокращение сроков установки и подготовки устройства к работе. 1 ил.

Бортовой ультразвуковой измеритель скорости течения и расхода воды в открытом водоеме

Полезная модель относится к ультразвуковым устройствам измерения скорости течения и расхода воды в открытых водоемах, например, в русле реки. Ультразвуковой измеритель выполнен в виде радиоуправляемого малогабаритного измерительного судна с движителем 18. На борту судна установлен цифровой блок обработки сигналов, а на днище судна - антенный блок ультразвуковых преобразователей. Цифровой блок 1 обработки сигналов, установленный на борту судна, содержит установленные на двунаправленной интерфейсной шине 10 сопряжения блок 8 автоматического управления измерениями, ультразвуковой передатчик 4 сложных зондирующих сигналов (ЗС) с аналоговым выходом, многоканальный приемник 5 ответных сигналов с аналоговым входом и цифровым выходом, устройство 6 цифровой обработки ответных сигналов, устройство 7 привязки измерений к местности и радиомодем 9. Выход передатчика 4 и вход приемника 5 через антенный переключатель 3 соединен с антенным блоком 11 ультразвуковых преобразователей. Антенный блок 11 выполнен ...

Sensor

A sensor 2 comprising a resonator unit 6 coupled to an electronic unit 4, the resonator unit having an acoustic resonator 18 for containing a fluid and being operable to support acoustic standing waves. The electronic unit 4 is operable to provide an excitation signal, receive the response signal, and process either/both of said signals to determine an acoustic signal response from which the pressure or temperature is derived. The sensor may be used for measuring the barometric pressure and/or temperature of air and other fluids. The electronic unit may further be operable to measure the speed of flow through the resonator and use this value in determining the temperature of the fluid. In addition, the sensor may be operable over a range of frequencies in order to determine the resonant frequency of the standing waves, and may further comprise first 10 and second 12 reflectors and one or more transducers 22 24.

Speed sensor

Ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor system

A device measuring a component of wind speed

A laser generator (1,2,3) is arranged to generate successive pairs of pulses. Two light receivers (10,11) in the vicinity of the laser generator receive echos of the pulses as reflected from a target and a processing circuit (15) calculates the component of wind speed blowing across the laser axis between the laser generator and the target. The device can be combined with laser ranging means and used for artillery control.

DEVICE FOR MEASURING A COMPONENT OF WIND SPEED

DEVICE FOR DISPLAYING FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SPEED OF A BOAT

PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE FLOW OF A FLUID

PROCEDURE FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF A MEDIUM AND A DEVICE FOR IT.

Improved sodar sounding in the lower atmosphere

SONIC VELOCITY SENSING

ANTI-CAKING COMPOSITION

FLOW VELOCITY MEASUREMENT

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW VELOCITY OF A SUSPENSION FLOW, UTILIZING ULTRASONICS

A procedure for measuring the flow velocity of a suspension by ultrasonic echo pulse technique. In the procedure, two or several ultrasonic transducers located at a distance from each other are placed on the surface of the pipe subjected to measurement. From the transducers an ultrasonic pulse is emitted through the pipe and an echo of the ultrasonic pulse is received after a time determined by the measuring depth. The echo pulses are received and a low frequency signal contained in them, caused by fibres or other particles in the suspension, is amplitude-detected. In the procedure is used a second or later echo from the rear wall of the measuring pipe in case a received echo is masked by the transmitted pulse. The signals derived from the transducers are compared utilizing a correlation technique and in this way the flow velocity of the suspension that is to be measured is determined.

IMPROVED SODAR SOUNDING OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE

A method and system for acoustically sounding the lower atmosphere involves the transmitting of an acoustic chirp and the processing of returned echoes and interference using wavelet and matched filter techniques. A single transmitter and four receivers may be used, with receivers located equidistant from the transmitter on the cardinal points of the compass. N, S, E, & W inputs are digitized and input to a wavelet filter (50) together with the transmitter chirp signal (R or D) for the attenuation of the direct signal and ambient noise signals. The interference-attenuated signals are then processed in a matched filter (52) to extract phase and amplitude outputs (54 and 56), the phase output being unwrapped (70). The N and S phase signals and the E and W phase signals are then separately differenced (74 and 80) and the results used to compute (86 and 92) wind speed and bearing. Extracted amplitude signals (56) are put through a second wavelet filter (58) to remove echo clutter before being ...

PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING FLUID FLOW

T-8360 DRS:VS PULSE ECHO TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING FLUID FLOW A method and apparatus for detecting fluid flow behind an acoustically reflective structure using pulse echo technique which do not depend upon measurement of a Doppler effect. A transducer is provided for generating a high frequency beam of acoustical energy in the form of pulses. The transducer is placed proximate, preferably adjacent, the reflective structure such that the acoustic beam is directed toward such structure. A transducer is also provided for detecting the acoustic reflections of the pulses, proximate the position from which the pulses originated, and generating corresponding electrical signal. An electric circuit is provided for subtracting a pair of acoustic reflection signals separated by a short interval of time to produce a difference signal from which the presence or absence of fluid flow behind the acoustically reflective surface can be determined. In the preferred embodiment, a preselected number of the difference ...

IMPROVED SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE AIR SPEED OF A HELICOPTER

PROCESS AND DEVICE Of ESTIMATE OF SPACE COMPONENTS the SPEED Of a FLUID GENEREES BY ACOUSTIC WAVES, PROCEEDED Of ESTIMATE OF the ACOUSTIC PRESSURE Of a FLUID MOVING, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM

ACOUSTIC DEVICE TO MEASURE the MOVEMENT Of a FLUID

PROCESS AND DEVICE OF DETECTION OF THE CROSS-WIND OPERATING A MOTOR VEHICLE

PROCESS AND DEVICE Of ESTIMATE OF SPACE COMPONENTS the SPEED Of a FLUID GENEREES BY ACOUSTIC WAVES, PROCEEDED Of ESTIMATE OF the ACOUSTIC PRESSURE Of a FLUID MOVING, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM

L'invention concerne un procédé d'estimation de composantes spatiales de la vitesse d'un fluide générées par des ondes acoustiques, qui comprend les étapes suivantes : - ensemencement (40) du fluide par des particules aptes à diffuser lesdits faisceaux lumineux ; - mesure (42) d'au moins de référence corrélé avec les ondes acoustiques ; - pour chaque direction d'un repère, - émission (44) de faisceaux lumineux par une source et réception des faisceaux lumineux diffusées par les particules ; - mesure (44) d'un signal de vitesse des particules dans un volume prédéfini, par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler à franges, à partir desdits faisceaux lumineux diffusés ; - calcul (58) de la corrélation entre le signal de vitesse mesuré et le signal de référence mesuré; et - estimation (60) de la composante spatiale de la vitesse du fluide générée par les ondes acoustiques, à partir de ladite corrélation.

Engine control systems

FLOWMETER AND METHOD

Grain loss monitor

A percentage of the grain lost is sampled constantly by sensors at locations across the rear of the sieve of a combine and the sound of the grain kernels striking the sensors is picked up by a microphone, amplified, filtered and fed to a ratio computing device which calculates the total grain loss from the sampling and displays same on a meter. A further sensor samples grain passing through the rear portion of a straw walker of a combine as this bears a direct relationship to the quantity of grain passing over the end of the walker. It can therefore be used to calculate the grain loss over the end of the walker. Once again the sound of the grain kernels striking the sensor is picked up by a microphone, amplified, filtered and fed to a ratio computing device which calculates the grain loss over the end of the walker and displays same on the meter. A switching device enables the total of the grain losses to be calculated from the two sensors by means of a summation device to which both sensor ...

Fluid flow measurement

Ультразвуковой способ измерения скорости течения и расхода воды в открытых водоемах

Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение точности измерений скорости течения и расхода проточной воды в открытом водоеме. Предложенный способ включает последовательность следующих операций: - пошаговое (с заданным временным интервалом) ультразвуковое измерение скорости воды в поперечном сечении русла водоема на основе зондирования толщи воды с борта водоплавающего измерителя, например, установленного на радиоуправляемой лодке; - регистрация на каждом шаге измерений текущей величины горизонтального угла сноса измерителя течением воды по данным навигационных измерений, а также - текущей глубины водоема и радиальной скорости течения воды по временной задержке и допплеровскому сдвигу частоты ответных сигналов относительно частоты зондирующих ультразвуковых импульсов; - сравнение текущей глубины водоема и радиальной скорости течения воды с пороговыми значениями для выбора рационального режима измерений с точки зрения повышения точности измерений параметров водоема; - выбор в зависимости ...

Моноблочная однониточная газоизмерительная станция на ультразвуковых преобразователях расхода большого диаметра с узлом поверки на месте эксплуатации

Заявляемое техническое решение относится к измерительной технике и предназначено для обеспечения контроля за объемами газа, передаваемыми по магистральным газопроводам. Станция содержит измерительную линию с первым УЗПР (5), содержащим ультразвуковые датчики (9), установленные на первом измерительном трубопроводе (7). Измерительная линия содержит второй УЗПР (6) c ультразвуковыми датчиками (10), установленными на первом измерительном трубопроводе (7), причем первый и второй корпусные УЗПР (5, 6) образуют сдвоенный УЗПР с основным и дублирующим каналами измерения расхода. Основой канал измерения расхода включает в себя первый датчик давления (13) и первый датчик температуры (14). Дублирующий канал измерения расхода включает в себя второй датчик давления (15) и второй датчик температуры (16). Первый датчик давления (13) измеряет давление в месте установки первого УЗПР (5), второй датчик давления (15) измеряет давление в месте установки второго УЗПР (6). Первый и второй датчики температуры ...

ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ СКОРОСТИ ПОТОКА ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

Изобретение относится к измерительному устройству для измерения скорости потока текучей среды, текущей в направлении основного потока в круглой линии. Устройство содержит входную часть для направления текучей среды из круглой линии в измерительное устройство; выходную часть для направления текучей среды из измерительного устройства в круглую линию; измерительную часть для соединения входной части с выходной частью; по меньшей мере одно ультразвуковое устройство для испускания и/или приема ультразвуковых волн, причем ультразвуковое устройство расположено на стенке измерительной части; и блок обработки для выполнения измерения разности времени прохождения и для определения скорости потока, при этом входная часть имеет первую суперэллиптическую переходную форму, выходная часть имеет вторую суперэллиптическую переходную форму, и измерительная часть имеет прямоугольную форму, в частности, с закругленными углами. Технический результат – повышение качества измерения потока. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЕ

... 1. Ультразвуковой преобразователь (110) для применения в текучей среде (116), включающий в себя по меньшей мере один сердечник (118) с по меньшей мере одним акустоэлектрическим преобразующим элементом (112), в частности пьезоэлектрическим преобразующим элементом (112), и по меньшей мере один корпус (120) с по меньшей мере одним отверстием (122), по меньшей мере частично изолированным от текучей среды (116) посредством связанной с сердечником (118) изоляционной пленки (130), причем изоляционная пленка (130) имеет по меньшей мере один компенсационный деформированный участок (134) для компенсации ее растяжения и обеспечения возможности взаимного перемещения сердечника (118) и корпуса (120) ультразвукового преобразователя.2. Ультразвуковой преобразователь (110) по п.1, в котором компенсационный деформированный участок (134) включает в себя по меньшей мере один из следующих деформированных участков: компенсационная складка, выступающая в текучую среду (116); компенсационная складка, выступающая ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И/ИЛИ КОНТРОЛЯ ПРОТОЧНОГО РАСХОДА ОБЪЕМА И/ИЛИ МАССЫ ИЗМЕРЯЕМОЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Устройство для определения и/или контроля проточного расхода объема и/или массы измеряемой среды, которая протекает через трубопровод/измерительную трубу (3) с внутренним диаметром (D) в направлении потока (S), снабженное, по меньшей мере, двумя ультразвуковыми преобразователями (14), которые посылают и/или принимают ультразвуковые измерительные сигналы вдоль определенной звуковой дорожки, и блоком (4) регулировки и оценки результатов, который определяет проточный расход объема и/или массы измеряемой среды (2) в трубопроводе/измерительной трубе (3) на основании ультразвуковых измерительных сигналов, согласно принципу разности времени распространения, отличающееся тем, что, по меньшей мере, один отражающий элемент (5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) предусмотрен во внутреннем пространстве (15) трубопровода/ измерительной трубы (3), который расположен на определенном расстоянии (d) от внутренней стенки (6) трубопровода/измерительной трубы (3), и причем отражающий элемент (5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) расположен ...

FLUGMESSINSTRUMENT

Verbesserter Signallaufzeit-Durchflussmesser

Eine Vorrichtung zum Messen einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in einem Laufzeit-Ultraschall-Durchflussmesser, aufweisend- einen ersten Anschluss für ein erstes Ultraschallelement,- einen zweiten Anschluss für ein zweites Ultraschallelement,- eine Sendeeinheit zum Senden eines Impulssignals an den ersten Anschluss,- eine Empfangseinheit zum Empfangen eines Antwortsignals auf das Impulssignal von dem zweiten Anschluss,- eine Invertierungseinheit zum Zeit-Invertieren des Antwortsignals, um ein invertiertes Signal zu erhalten,- eine Verarbeitungseinheit zum Ableiten eines Messsignals aus dem invertierten Signal und Speichern des Messsignals.

FLUID FLOWMETER OF THE KARMAN VORTEX DETECTING TYPE AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Fluid flowmeter which includes a Karman vortex generator, ultrasonic transmitter and receiver apparatus and networks for detecting the Karman vortices and for detecting and controlling information of a received wave and a reference wave of the ultrasonic transmitter. The flowmeter detects an air flow volume and/or speed by Karman vortex detecting means using ultrasonic waves.

Wind sensor housing

A housing (6, fig 1) for a wind sensor (2, fig 1) with a sensing element (4, fig 1) and processing element (8, fig 1) mounted in the housing to measure the speed of the passing fluid air flow, and the housing comprises at least one surface 40, 42 having shaped surface elements 38 in the form of protrusions and/or indentations on the surface for inducing turbulence in the fluid air flowing across the surface. The housing having a body, with a first housing portion 12 and a second housing portion 14, with a cylindrical cross-section, comprising of a first reflector and a second reflector coaxially mounted by spacers 20 with the first reflector, to define a resonant cavity 24 between the first and second reflector. The turbulence caused by the shaped surface elements results in the speed measured by the wind sensor being less affected by uncontrolled transitions between laminar and turbulent airflow, enabling more accurate measurement and calibration of the wind sensor.

Flow sensor devices and systems

A flow rate assembly comprises: a housing having: a housing axis; a first end having an inlet positioned along the housing axis; a second end having an outlet positioned along the housing axis; a measurement channel extending along the housing axis and through a portion of the housing between the first and second ends of the housing, the measurement channel having a width perpendicular to the housing axis; an outer cup portion positioned at least partly within the housing, the outer cup portion comprising: a head portion connected to a wall of the housing: an elongate portion connected to the head portion, the elongate portion having a first face facing the measurement channel; and at least one flow channel through the head portion configured to permit fluid to flow past the outer cup portion through the at least one flow channel; a transducer positioned within the elongate portion and configured to generate an ultrasonic signal and to direct the ultrasonic signal through the measurement ...

FLOW SENSOR

Improvements in or relating to Fluid Flo Monitors

A fluid flow monitor of the kind which detects the rate of formation of Karman vortices (8) caused by a vortex inducing element (7) in a fluid flow along a passage (1), in order to determine the velocity of flow of the fluid is provided with at least one formation (20) on the downside side of the element (7) extending into the passage to provide an obstruction to fluid flow along the passage. Ultrasonic sensing means (9, 11) are provided to detect the Karman vortices. ...

Wind sensor housing

CORRELATORS

... 1398381 Correlation of noise-modulated signals KENT INSTRUMENTS Ltd 2 June 1972 [10 June 1971 3 Feb 1972] 27366/71 and 5184/72 Heading H4D Two noise-modulated signals for which a particular modulation characteristic occurs earlier on one than on the other are crosscorrelated by subjecting the one signal to at least three different delays to give three or more delayed signals, multiplying the said other signal separately by each of the delayed signals, combining the resulting products in pairs, mixing the combination results to give a mixed signal, and adjusting the delays so as to reduce the mixed signal to zero. The Fig. 3 system, for fluid flow measurement, includes transducers 8, 9 each receiving an ultrasonic beam from respective transmitters (not shown). The beams are phase-modulated by random variations in the flow. Detectors 51, 52 are phase-sensitive and provide a filtered and amplified output in digital form. The upstream output is fed to a shift register 54 with output taps 58 ...

MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW VELOCITIES

Sensor

BONDING TOGETHER PREVENTING COMPOSITION FOR ADDING TO TEILCHENFORMIGEN SALTS, IN PARTICULAR DUNG CENTRAL PARTICLES

VORTEX WHISTLE CONTROL FOR IC ENGINE

MEASURING LIQUID VELOCITY THROUGH PIPE WALL

IMPROVED SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

The application provides a method for determining a flow speed of a liquid in a fluid conduit. During a signal-generating phase, an impulse signal is applied to a first ultrasonic transducer. A response signal is then received at a second ultrasonic transducer. A measuring signal is later derived from the response signal, wherein the derivation comprises reversing a signal portion with respect to time. During a measurement phase, a liquid moves with respect to the fluid conduit. The measuring signal is then applied to one of the two transducers and a response signal of the measuring signal is measured at the other transducer. A flow speed is derived from the response signal of the measuring signal.

TURBINE FLUID VELOCITY FIELD MEASUREMENT

A method of three-dimensional Doppler velocimetry applicable to turbines such as wind turbines achieves improved velocimetry by use of various possible convergent beam geometries and employing beam sources mounted on the turbine such as on a wind turbine nacelle, rotor hub or rotor blades.

PROCESS OF CHARACTERIZATION BY ACOUSTIC WAVES OF the STRUCTURE Of a MEDIUM AND DEVICE IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS

PROBE OF AERODYNAMIC MEASUREMENT AND HELICOPTER EQUIPS WITH THE PROBE

L'invention concerne une sonde de mesure aérodynamique d'un flux d'air et un hélicoptère équipé de la sonde. La sonde comprend un plateau (13) tournant autour d'un axe (12), un émetteur pouvant émettre une onde sonore, et un récepteur sensible à l'onde sonore, l'émetteur et le récepteur formant deux éléments solidaires du plateau (13) et placés en des positions distinctes du plateau (13), la sonde comprenant en outre des moyens pour délivrer une information représentative d'une durée de parcours de l'onde sonore entre les deux éléments et une variation temporelle de l'information. Dans le cas d'utilisation de la sonde à bord d'un hélicoptère (10), le plateau tournant (13) est avantageusement placé au centre et solidaire du rotor (11) de l'hélicoptère (10). Ce type de sonde permet de réaliser des mesures aérodynamiques même aux basses vitesses de l'hélicoptère (10).

PROCESS AND INSTALLATION TO DETERMINE DISPLACEMENTS Of a SHIP

APPAREIL DE CONTROLE DE LA VITESSE ET DU DEBIT D'UN COURANT DE FLUIDE

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN APPAREIL DE CONTROLE DE COURANT DE FLUIDE. ELLE SE RAPPORTE A UN APPAREIL QUI DETECTE LA VITESSE DE FORMATION DE TOURBILLONS 18 CREES PAR UN ELEMENT GENERATEUR 7, DANS UN COURANT DE FLUIDE S'ECOULANT DANS UN PASSAGE1. CELUI-CI A DES FORMATIONS 20, 21 PLACEES SUR LES COTES DU PASSAGE ET TENDANT A PERTURBER LE COURANT DE FLUIDE LE LONG DU PASSAGE. CES FORMATIONS PERMETTENT UN ELARGISSEMENT DE LA PLAGE DE LINEARITE DE LA REPONSE DE L'APPAREIL. APPLICATION AU CONTROLE DE LA VITESSE DE L'AIR DE VENTILATION DANS LES MINES.

Airspeed And Velocity Of Air Measurement

A velocity relevant to a body may be accurately measured using sound waves. Such velocity relevant to a body may be airspeed, i.e., the velocity of the body with respect to the surrounding air, or the velocity of air in the vicinity of the body or along its desired travel path. More specifically, the speed of two or more sounds may be correlated so that an airspeed, or the velocity of air, may be determined by taking into account the fact that sound traveling in the same direction as airflow travels faster than sound traveling in the direction opposite to airflow.

Method and system for estimating a time of flight of a signal

A system and a method of estimating a time of flight of a signal are provided. The method includes transmitting a plurality of signals from a plurality of transmitters such that the plurality of signals travel different paths. The method also includes receiving the plurality of signals at one or more receivers. The plurality of signals are transmitted such that the plurality of signals are received at a same time instance. The method includes estimating the time of flight of a respective signal of the plurality of signals as a function of a time of reception of the plurality of signals and a respective time instance of transmission of the respective signal of the plurality of signals. The transmissions of the plurality of signals are triggered at different time instances.

Method of Detecting a Time-of-Flight, a Time-of-Flight Converter, an Ultrasound Flow Meter and an Optical Device

In an embodiment a method includes transmitting a signal train through a medium, wherein the signal train includes a sequence of waves of a first group and of a second group, the first and second groups being shifted in a time domain according to a predetermined phase shift, receiving the signal train as a received signal train and as a function of time, detecting a phase shift in the received signal train, assigning wave periods of the received signal train to respective wave periods of the first group using the detected phase shift as reference and determining a sequence of time-of-flight signals from the sequence of waves of the first group and the assigned wave periods of the received signal train, respectively. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for detecting a time-of-flight signal , the method comprising:transmitting a signal train through a medium, wherein the signal train comprises a sequence of waves of a first group and of a second group, the first and second groups being shifted in a time domain according to a predetermined phase shift;receiving the signal train as a received signal train and as a function of time;detecting a phase shift in the received signal train;assigning wave periods of the received signal train to respective wave periods of the first group using the detected phase shift as reference; anddetermining a sequence of time-of-flight signals from the sequence of waves of the first group and the assigned wave periods of the received signal train, respectively.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the phase shift is inserted between the first group and second group such that the first group of waves is transmitted earlier in time than the second group of waves.18. The method according to claim 16 ,wherein the wave periods of the signal train are registered with a first index, respectively,wherein first indices are representative of a chronological order of transmission of the wave periods, respectively,wherein the wave periods of the ...

METHOD OF MEASURING THE SPEED OF A FLUID

A method of measuring the speed of a fluid, comprising the successive steps of: causing the processor component to emit at the same emission time both a first electrical excitation signal that is applied as input to a first transducer and also a second electrical excitation signal that is applied as input to a second transducer, such that the first transducer generates a first ultrasonic signal and such that the second transducer generates a second ultrasonic signal; putting the processor component on standby; reactivating the processor component after a predetermined standby duration; causing the first ultrasonic signal to be acquired by the second transducer and then by the processor component, and causing the second ultrasonic signal to be acquired by the first transducer and then by the processor component; using a value DToF to estimate the speed of the fluid. 1. A measurement method for measuring a fluid speed , the method being performed by a measurement device comprising a first transducer , a second transducer , and a measurement module comprising a processor component , the measurement method comprising at least a first measurement stage comprising the following successive steps:causing the processor component to emit at the same emission time both a first electrical excitation signal that is applied as input to the first transducer and also a second electrical excitation signal that is applied as input to the second transducer, such that the first transducer generates a first ultrasonic signal that travels through the fluid to the second transducer along a path of defined length, and such that the second transducer generates a second ultrasonic signal that travels in the opposite direction through the fluid to the first transducer along the path of defined length;putting the processor component on standby;{'sub': 'v', 'reactivating the processor component after a predetermined standby duration (D);'}causing the first ultrasonic signal to be acquired by ...

Takeoff/Landing Stability Augmentation by Active Wind Gust Sensing

Systems and methods for enabling consistent smooth takeoffs and landings of vertical and/or short-runway takeoff and landing aircraft at sites with gusty conditions. The system includes a network of wind measurement stations deployed around the perimeter of a takeoff/landing site for spatio-temporally characterizing wind fluctuations (e.g., wind gusts) that enter a volume of airspace overlying the site, data processing means for deriving information about the fluctuations from the wind measurements, communication means for transmitting disturbance information to the aircraft, and a flight control system onboard the aircraft that is configured to use the disturbance information to control the aircraft in a manner that compensates for the fluctuations. The wind measurement units may include laser Doppler anemometers, sound detection and ranging systems or other devices capable of simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved wind measurements. 1. A method for augmenting takeoff and landing stability of an aircraft , the method comprising:(a) measuring wind gusts in a volume of airspace overlying a takeoff/landing zone using a multiplicity of wind measurement units, wherein the aircraft is being maneuvered vertically in the volume of airspace overlying the takeoff/landing zone having the multiplicity of wind measurement units that define a periphery of the volume of airspace;(b) converting wind gust measurements into disturbance information, using a wind measurement computer system, identifying a localized disturbance projected to encounter the aircraft;(c) transmitting the disturbance information from the wind measurement computer system to a flight controller of the aircraft;(d) generating commands for controlling the aircraft in a manner that, at least partially, counteracts an impact of the localized disturbance on the aircraft in the volume of airspace; and(e) controlling the aircraft in accordance with the commands generated in step (d).2. The method as recited ...

FLUID DEVICE

A fluid device includes: a flow path through which a fluid flows; and an ultrasonic element configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave to the fluid to generate a standing wave in the fluid in the flow path along a first direction orthogonal to a flowing direction of the fluid. The ultrasonic element includes a vibrator having a fluid contact surface that comes into contact with the fluid, and a piezoelectric element that is provided at the vibrator and that is configured to flexurally vibrate the vibrator in a normal direction of the fluid contact surface. When a thickness of the vibrator in the normal direction is t, a sound velocity of a medium of the fluid is C, an average sound velocity of a longitudinal wave transmitted in the vibrator is C′, a dimension of the flow path in the first direction is L, and a mode order of the standing wave is n, the following expression is satisfied. 3. The fluid device according to claim 1 , whereinthe vibrator is disposed on a region corresponding to an antinode in the standing wave.4. The fluid device according to claim 1 , whereinthe vibrator is disposed such that the normal direction of the fluid contact surface is along the first direction.5. The fluid device according to claim 1 , whereina dimension of the flow path in a second direction orthogonal to the flowing direction and the first direction is smaller than the dimension of the flow path in the first direction.6. The fluid device according to claim 2 , whereina dimension of the flow path in a second direction orthogonal to the flowing direction and the first direction is smaller than the dimension of the flow path in the first direction.7. The fluid device according to claim 3 , whereina dimension of the flow path in a second direction orthogonal to the flowing direction and the first direction is smaller than the dimension of the flow path in the first direction.8. The fluid device according to claim 4 , whereina dimension of the flow path in a second direction ...

FLOATING DUAL ANEMOMETER - MAST AND DOPPLER

A device of a dual floating anemometer comprised of a mast, support arms for instruments, purlins, a central buoy, connecting beams, the edge floaters, the buoy hoop, the buoy—anchorage connector, anchorage hoop, anchorage, wind measuring instruments A, the connector beam of the anemometer base B, the wind instrument base B wind measuring instruments B, the anchorages of the edge floaters, the connections of the anchorages of the edge floaters with the edge floaters and the connector hoops of the anchorages with the edge floaters, which can be placed in shallow or big water depths and can simultaneously measure the characteristic wind parameters using both common anemometers and Doppler anemometers, so that the measurements of the wind potential (velocity, direction, turbulence) are extended to a higher altitude than the altitude of the mast which bears the cup anemometers, because of the combinatorial action.

APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF FLOW IN A HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPE

A method, apparatus, and system according to which first and second transducers are connected to first and second waveguides, respectively, the first and second waveguides are connected to a pipe, and ultrasonic wave signals are exchanged between the first and second transducers, said ultrasonic wave signals passing through the first and second waveguides, the pipe, and a fluid in the pipe. A temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe may exceed about 600° C. The first and second waveguides insulate the first and second transducers from the pipe and propagate the ultrasonic wave signals between the pipe and the first and second transducers, respectively, so that the ability of the first and second transducers to exchange the ultrasonic wave signals is not adversely affected by the temperature of the fluid in the pipe. The first and second waveguides may be made of a calcium silicate technical ceramic. 1. An apparatus , comprising:first and second waveguides adapted to be connected to a pipe; andfirst and second transducers adapted to be connected to the first and second waveguides, respectively, and to exchange ultrasonic wave signals through the first and second waveguides, the pipe, and a fluid flowing in the pipe;wherein a temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe exceeds about 600° C.; and 'the first and second waveguides insulate the first and second transducers from the pipe and propagate the ultrasonic wave signals between the pipe and the first and second transducers, respectively, so that the ability of the first and second transducers to exchange the ultrasonic wave signals is not adversely affected by the temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe.', 'wherein, when the first and second transducers are connected to the first and second waveguides, respectively, and the first and second waveguides are connected to the pipe2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a control unit adapted to be in communication with the first and second ...

LOW PROFILE AIR DATA SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

A system and method for an aircraft includes a low profile pneumatic sensing system and an acoustic sensing system. The low profile pneumatic sensing system includes a pneumatic sensor positioned to sense first sensed data of an airflow about an exterior of the aircraft and does not extend beyond a boundary layer of the aircraft. The first sensed data is used to determine first air data parameters. The acoustic sensing system is configured to emit acoustic signals about the exterior of the aircraft and sense the acoustic signals as second sensed data. The second sensed data is used to determine second air data parameters. 1. A system for an aircraft , the system comprising: 'a first pneumatic sensor positioned to sense first sensed data of an airflow about an exterior of the aircraft, wherein the first pneumatic sensor does not extend beyond a boundary layer of the aircraft, and wherein the first sensed data is used to determine first air data parameters; and', 'a low profile pneumatic sensing system comprisingan acoustic sensing system configured to emit acoustic signals about the exterior of the aircraft and sense the acoustic signals as second sensed data, wherein the second sensed data is used to determine second air data parameters.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first pneumatic sensor comprises a low profile bump that protrudes from the aircraft exterior and includes a first port for sensing an impact pressure.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the first pneumatic sensor further comprises first and second angle of attack ports for sensing a differential pressure utilized to determine an angle of attack of the aircraft.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first pneumatic sensor further comprises a static port configured to measure a static pressure external to the aircraft.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:an acoustic processing unit configured to receive the second sensed data from the acoustic sensor system and generate the second air ...

AIR DATA SYSTEMS

An air data sensor can include an acoustic transmitter configured to output an acoustic signal into an airflow and a plurality of acoustic transducers configured to receive the acoustic signal output by the acoustic transducer. The air data sensor can also include a light source configured to output a light beam into the airflow, and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light from the light beam. The light source and the light receiver can be bistatic such that a measurement zone is formed away from the air data sensor. 1. An air data sensor , comprising:an acoustic transmitter configured to output an acoustic signal into an airflow;a plurality of acoustic transducers configured to receive the acoustic signal output by the acoustic transducer;a light source configured to output a light beam into the airflow; anda light receiver configured to receive scattered light from the light beam.2. The air data sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light source and the light receiver are bistatic such that a measurement zone is formed away from the air data sensor.3. The air data sensor of claim 2 , further comprising:a plate body; andone or more lenses mounted to the plate body and disposed in optical communication with each the light source and the light receiver.4. The air data sensor of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of acoustic transducers are disposed on an outer surface of the plate body.5. The air data sensor of claim 3 , wherein the acoustic transmitter claim 3 , the light source claim 3 , and the light receiver are disposed at least partially within the aperture.6. The air data sensor of claim 5 , wherein the light source and the light receiver are disposed on opposite sides of the acoustic transmitter and angled inward toward the acoustic transmitter.7. The air data sensor of claim 6 , wherein the acoustic transmitter is aligned centered to the plate body claim 6 , wherein the light source and the light receiver are disposed equidistant from the acoustic ...

RAIN GAUGE/WEATHER STATION

A rain gauge for measurement of rain fall. The rain gauge includes: a measurement chamber having an inlet port at one end and a drainage port at the other end, the drainage port being closed by a valve and programmable to be opened at predefined events to release water collected in measurement chamber; a funnel or collector adapted to receive rain fall opens into the inlet port; and an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals into measurement chamber. The ultrasonic transducer is programmable to determine the water level in measurement chamber. An automatic weather station including the rain gauge is also provided. 1. A rain gauge for measurement of rain fall , said rain gauge including:a measurement chamber having an inlet port at one end and a drainage port at the other end, said drainage port being closed by a ball valve, said ball valve programmable to be opened at predefined events to release water collected in said measurement chamber,a funnel or collector adapted to receive rain fall, said funnel or collector opening into said inlet port, andan ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals into said measurement chamber, said ultrasonic transducer being programmable to determine the water level in said measurement chamber and being programmable to allow calibration of said rain gauge based on the distance between said ultrasonic transducer and said ball valve surface.2. The rain gauge of claim 1 , further including a smooth curved entry into said measurement chamber to reduce turbulence of water entering said measurement chamber.3. The rain gauge of claim 1 , wherein said measurement chamber includes a sealing ring to ensure fluid tight closure at said drainage port.4. The rain gauge of claim 3 , wherein said sealing ring is positioned within said drainage port and said ball valve abuts said sealing ring and said drainage port.5. The rain gauge of claim 1 , wherein said ball valve is opened and closed by a ...

GRAIN CLEANING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SUCH

An impact sensor is mounted in a duct of a grain cleaning system above an upper sieve. The impact sensor has an upstream-facing impact-sensing surface with respect to a cleaning airstream, and is configured to transduce impact events and generate impact signals therefrom. An electronic control unit (ECU) is configured to generate control signals based upon a particle energy value that is determined from the impact signals. The control signals may serve to adjust various working units of a combine harvester including, by way of example, a cleaning fan and sieves. 1. A grain cleaning system comprising:a screening apparatus having a duct;an upper sieve and a lower sieve disposed in the duct;a fan arranged to generate a cleaning airstream through the duct;an impact sensor mounted in the duct above the upper sieve and comprising an impact-sensing surface facing in an upstream direction with respect to the cleaning airstream,wherein the impact sensor is configured to transduce impact events and generate impact signals therefrom; andan electronic control unit (ECU) that is in communication with the impact sensor, wherein the ECU is configured to generate control signals based upon a particle energy value determined from the impact signals.2. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein the control signals are based upon a value for the fan speed.3. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein the duct comprises a pair of sidewalls between which the upper sieve and lower sieve are located claim 1 , and a ceiling claim 1 , wherein the impact sensor is mounted closer to the ceiling than to the upper sieve.4. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein the upper sieve and lower sieve are coupled to an oscillating drive mechanism claim 1 , wherein the fan is located at an upstream end of the sieve claim 1 , and wherein the cleaning airstream is directed through and/or over the sieve.5. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , further comprising: a transmitter configured to ...

PLANT, MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE AND VELOCITY OF A FLOW OF FLUID

A method of measuring temperature and velocity of a fluid flow passing through a device of a plant includes the step of positioning at least two sensors in the device. For each sensor, a traveling path for an acoustic signal received from another sensor is determined. Each sensor emits an acoustic signal at a frequency that differs from a frequency of an acoustic signal to be emitted by the other sensor(s) in the fluid flow. A velocity profile and temperature profile for the fluid flow based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors is determined. A measurement system can include sensors and a computer device that can determine a velocity profile and temperature profile for a fluid flow passing through a device based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors. A plant can be configured to implement the method or include an embodiment of the measurement system. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each sensor comprises:an acoustic transceiver having a receiver unit and a transmitter unit.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each sensor comprises:a tweeter and a receiver.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining of the velocity profile and the temperature profile comprises:accounting for the traveling path of each acoustic signal received by each sensor and for a difference between a measured travel time and an expected travel time for each acoustic signal based on a theoretical correlation between temperature and speed fluctuations of the fluid flow.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising:applying a Time-Dependent Stochastic Inversion method to account for differences between the measured travel time and the expected travel time for each acoustic signal.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the accounting for a difference between a measured travel time and an expected travel time for each acoustic signal based on a theoretical correlation between temperature and speed fluctuations of the fluid flow comprises:consecutively calculating:(i) a spatial average ...

Method and an apparatus for characterizing an airflow

What is described is a method for charactering an airflow, having the following steps: receiving acoustic signals generated by the airflow by means of a microphone array; extracting a characteristic information from the acoustic signals; determining an information on the airflow based on the characteristic information.

METHOD FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF A SODAR SYSTEM

This invention relates to a method of reducing error in a SODAR system adapted to locate discontinuities in the atmosphere over a range extending away from an acoustic transmitter and receiver, the method comprising the steps of: measuring wind to determine either a substantially upwind direction or a substantially downwind direction relative to the transmitter; transmitting one or more forward or reverse acoustic chirps in the substantially upwind or downwind direction; receiving one or more acoustic echoes of the transmitted chirps; and processing the acoustic echoes to provide an indication of the discontinuities in the atmosphere over the range, thereby providing a wind shear profile.

GRAIN CLEANING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SUCH

A grain cleaning system for a combine harvester having a transmitter adapted to transmit a base signal at a known frequency and one or more spaced receivers for detecting signals of a different frequency as reflected from airborne grain and other materials within the duct of the grain cleaning system An Electronic Control Unit modulates the base signal and the reflected signals to obtain Doppler signals or frequencies from which an average particle velocity is determined. The particle velocity is used as an input parameter for the generation of control signals for the adjustment of various working units of the combine harvester including, by way of example, the fan and sieves. 1. A grain cleaning system comprising:screening apparatus having a duct and a sieve disposed in the duct;a fan arranged to generate a cleaning airstream through the duct;a sensing device comprising a transmitter configured to transmit a base signal through the cleaning airstream, and a receiver configured to transduce a signal reflected off of airborne particles in the cleaning airstream; andan electronic control unit (ECU) that is in communication with the sensing device, wherein the ECU is configured to generate control signals based upon a particle velocity value for the particles, wherein the particle velocity value is determined from a frequency of the base signal and a frequency of the reflected signal.2. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein the sensing device is positioned at least partially in a path of the cleaning airstream.3. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein both the transmitter and the receiver face a downstream direction with respect to the cleaning airstream.4. The grain cleaning system of claim 1 , wherein the sieve is coupled to an oscillating drive mechanism claim 1 , wherein the fan is located at an upstream end of the sieve claim 1 , and wherein the cleaning airstream is directed through and/or over the sieve.5. The grain cleaning system according to ...

A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR DETERMING THE WIND SPEED OR THE WIND DIRECTION EXPERIENCED BY A WIND TURBINE

A method for determining the wind speed or the wind direction experienced by a wind turbine such that a wind turbine setting such as an inflow angle error may be adjusted based on the determined wind speed or wind direction is defined, wherein a single airflow sensor is used together with a position sensor such as an accelerometer so that the value of the single airflow sensor at a previous position of the rotor may be warped and used together with a value of the single airflow sensor of a current position. 2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising determining a third airflow value corresponding to the value of said airflow variable at a third rotor position claim 1 , and determining the wind speed or the wind direction experienced by said wind turbine as a function of said first airflow value claim 1 , said second airflow value claim 1 , and said third airflow value.3. The method according to claim 1 , said airflow sensor being an air velocity sensor or an air pressure sensor for measuring an air velocity or an air pressure respectively.4. The method according to claim 1 , said airflow variable being an air velocity or an air pressure.5. The method according to claim 1 , said airflow sensor determining said airflow variable at said spinner surface claim 1 ,or said single airflow sensor extending from said spinner surface for determining said airflow variable at a distance from said spinner surface.6. The method according to claim 1 , providing a single air flow sensor.7. The method according to claim 1 , said second rotor position being substantially ⅓ of a rotation before said first rotor position.8. The method according to claim 1 , said third rotor position being substantially 2/6 to ⅚ of a rotation before said first rotor position.9. The method according to claim 8 , said third rotor position being substantially ⅔ of a rotation before said first rotor position.11. A system for determining the wind speed or the wind direction experienced by a wind turbine ...

Trolling motor with wind sensor

A wind sensor, such as a sonic anemometer, may be utilized to cause a trolling motor to activate to propel a watercraft toward a virtual anchor location, route, or destination, in response to detection of an occurrence or wind. In some instances, the trolling motor may be steered to a direction opposite a wind direction when activated. The trolling motor may also be oriented to a corrective direction based on a comparison of a current location to the virtual anchor location, route, or destination. Propelling the watercraft may also include determining a propulsion correction based on wind speed, wind direction, and/or watercraft characteristics. Depending on the configuration, the wind sensor may be integrated into the housing of the trolling motor.

ACOUSTIC AIRSPEED SENSORS

An acoustic airspeed sensor system can include at least one acoustic transmitter configured to provide an acoustic pulse, a plurality of acoustic receivers including at least a first acoustic receiver positioned at a first radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter and a second acoustic receiver positioned at a second radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter. The first acoustic receiver is configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a first time and output a first receiver signal. The second acoustic receiver is configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a second time and output a second receiver signal. The sensor system can include an air data module operatively connected to the first acoustic receiver and the second acoustic receiver. The air data module is configured to determine true air speed (TAS) based upon a first signal delay, a second signal delay, and a wind angle. 1. An acoustic airspeed sensor system , comprising:at least one acoustic transmitter configured to provide an acoustic pulse; [ receive the acoustic pulse at a first time; and', 'output a first receiver signal;, 'a first acoustic receiver positioned at a first radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter, the first acoustic receiver configured to, receive the acoustic pulse at a second time; and', 'output a second receiver signal; and, 'a second acoustic receiver positioned at a second radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter, the second acoustic receiver configured to], 'a plurality of acoustic receivers, including at least receive the first receiver signal and the second receiver signal;', 'determine a first signal delay between receiving the first receiver signal and transmission of the acoustic pulse by the acoustic transmitter;', 'determine a second signal delay between receiving the second receiver signal and transmission of the acoustic pulse by the acoustic transmitter;', 'receive or determine a wind angle;', 'determine ...

Apparatus, systems, and methods for non-invasive measurement of flow in a high temperature pipe

A method, apparatus, and system according to which first and second transducers are connected to first and second waveguides, respectively, the first and second waveguides are connected to a pipe, and ultrasonic wave signals are exchanged between the first and second transducers, said ultrasonic wave signals passing through the first and second waveguides, the pipe, and a fluid in the pipe. A temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe may exceed about 600° C. The first and second waveguides insulate the first and second transducers from the pipe and propagate the ultrasonic wave signals between the pipe and the first and second transducers, respectively, so that the ability of the first and second transducers to exchange the ultrasonic wave signals is not adversely affected by the temperature of the fluid in the pipe. The first and second waveguides may be made of a calcium silicate technical ceramic.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AIRFLOW THROUGH A SPIRAL CONVEYOR

An omnidirectional anemometer and a method for using such an anemometer to measure the airflow along a conveying path, such as a helical path through a processing chamber. The anemometer is a low-profile, omnidirectional, three-axis anemometer with minimal airflow-occluding structure. Because of its low profile, the anemometer can fit in spiral conveyors with a short tier pitch. 1. An ultrasonic anemometer for measuring airflow , comprising:a base defining a central open area; the opposing ultrasonic transducers of the at least one pair transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses from each other through a common space along multiple transmission paths that intersect at a point in the interior of the common space into which the central open area opens; and', 'a first ultrasonic transducer of each of the at least one pairs is disposed at a first distance from the base and a second ultrasonic transducer of each of the at least one pairs is disposed at a second distance less than the first distance from the base., 'at least one pair of opposing ultrasonic transducers supported by the base, wherein2. An ultrasonic transducer as in wherein the at least one pair of opposing ultrasonic transducers consists of three stationary pairs of anemometers defining three mutually orthogonal transmission paths.3. An ultrasonic transducer as in wherein the at least one pair of opposing ultrasonic transducers consists of a single pair of opposing ultrasonic transducers and moving means for moving the single pair to define different ones of the multiple transmission paths.4. An ultrasonic transducer as in wherein the moving means comprises a motor and a gear coupled to the base to rotate the base and the single pair of ultrasonic transducers.5. An ultrasonic anemometer for measuring airflow claim 3 , comprising:a base defining a central open area; the ultrasonic transducers of each pair transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses from each other through a common space along a transmission path ...

Detection system, signal processing device, detection method, and computer program product

According to an embodiment, a detection system includes a detection device, an acoustic emission sensor, and a processing unit. The detection device detects a change that occurs in a structure or a change in an environment related to the structure. The acoustic emission sensor detects an acoustic emission wave produced from the structure. The processing unit performs first signal processing to process an acoustic emission signal indicating the acoustic emission wave, which is input from the acoustic emission sensor until a first period of time elapses after a detection signal is input from the detection device. The detection signal indicates that a change has occurred in the structure or the environment related to the structure.

SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method for determining a flow speed of a liquid in a fluid conduit is provided. During a signal-generating phase, an impulse signal is applied to a first ultrasonic transducer. A response signal is then received at a second ultrasonic transducer. A measuring signal is later derived from the response signal, wherein the derivation comprises reversing a signal portion with respect to time. During a measurement phase, a liquid moves with respect to the fluid conduit. The measuring signal is then applied to one of the two transducers and a response signal of the measuring signal is measured at the other transducer. A flow speed is derived from the response signal of the measuring signal. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit , the method comprising:applying an impulse signal to a first ultrasonic transducer, the first ultrasonic transducer being mounted to the fluid conduit at a first location,receiving a response signal of the impulse signal at a second ultrasonic transducer, the second ultrasonic transducer being located at the fluid conduit at a second location, digitizing the response signal or a signal derived therefrom with respect to amplitude, and', 'selecting a signal portion of the response signal or of a signal derived therefrom and reversing the signal portion with respect to time, the reversal of the signal portion comprising reversing an order of recorded samples of the received response signal,', 'storing the pre-determined measuring signal for later use,, 'deriving a pre-determined measuring signal from the response signal, the derivation of the pre-determined measuring signal comprisingproviding the fluid conduit with a fluid that has a predetermined velocity with respect to the fluid conduit,applying the pre-determined measuring signal to one of the first and the second ultrasonic transducers, the measuring signal comprising a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of an impulse signal or of ...

ULTRASONIC ANEMOMETERS SYSTEMS FOR SENSING AIR FLOWS IN ROOMS AND DUCTS

Systems and devices for airflow measurements in rooms and air delivery ducts with low-cost, low-power, accurate, calibration-free, and compact wireless airflow sensors are provided. The system uses room and duct flow sonic anemometers and processing to measure air velocities and temperatures as well as allow control over the environmental conditioning systems. The anemometers use arrays of transmitter/receivers to simultaneously measure multiple sound paths and determine velocity vectors and volumetric flow paths. By transmitting in both directions along the paths between transceivers, differential times of flight (TOF) are measured. These determine both the velocity and temperature of the air along each path. 1. An anemometer apparatus , comprising:(a) a plurality of ultrasonic transceivers oriented towards each other in three-dimensional space, said transceivers configured to transmit and receive soundwaves along paths between transceivers; and(b) a control processor operably coupled to the transceivers configured to activate each transceiver, detect transmitted soundwaves, measure differential times of flight (TOF) of the soundwaves of each transceiver and to determine wind velocity along each sound path.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transceivers of the apparatus transmit pulsed soundwaves with pulses between 2 pulses per second and 25 pulses per second.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein multiple signal paths are measured simultaneously for each transmitted soundwave signal.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:one or more transceiver support brackets, said brackets configured to orient transceivers mounted to said brackets at defined locations in relation to transceivers mounted to a second bracket.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:at least one sensor selected from the group of sensors consisting of a temperature sensor, a magnetic compass and an accelerometer.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , said transceivers further ...

Determining a Level and Flow Speed of a Medium

A measurement device is provided for determining a distance of the measurement device from a medium and a flow speed of a medium by evaluating a transmission signal emitted by the fill level measurement device and reflected by the medium. The measurement device includes an antenna arrangement for emitting the transmission signal in two different directions. The flow speed of the medium can be determined using the Doppler shift of the transmission signal. 115-. (canceled)16. A fill level measurement device for determining a distance from a medium and a flow speed of the medium by evaluating a transmission signal emitted by the fill level measurement device and reflected by the medium , comprising:a signal generator module generating the transmission signal;an antenna arrangement including a first antenna and a second antenna, the antenna arrangement emitting the transmission signal in a first direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the medium and in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction; anda processor unit determining the distance by evaluating the transmission signal reflected by the medium and received by the antenna arrangement,wherein the determination of the flow speed is triggered by (a) the distance to the medium having changed by more than a predetermined threshold value over a predetermined period of time and/or (b) a certain number of distance measurements having been carried out.17. The fill level measurement device according to claim 16 , wherein the first antenna is configured to emit the transmission signal in the first direction and the second antenna is configured to emit the transmission signal in the second direction.18. The fill level measurement device according to claim 17 , wherein the first and second antennas are connected to the signal generator module via a directional coupler claim 17 , a switch or a power splitter.19. The fill level measurement device according to claim 16 , wherein the ...

ACOUSTIC AIRSPEED SENSORS AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

An acoustic airspeed sensor system can include at least one acoustic transmitter configured to provide an acoustic pulse, a plurality of acoustic receivers including at least a first acoustic receiver, a second acoustic, receiver, and a third acoustic receiver, each positioned at a first radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter. The first acoustic receiver, the second acoustic receiver, and the third acoustic receiver are each configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a first time, a second time, and a third time, respectively, and output a first receiver signal, a second receiver signal, and a third receiver signal respectively. The system can include a computation unit operatively connected to the acoustic receivers and configured to generate a propagation function. The computation unit is further configured to determine true air speed based upon a receiver signals and the propagation function.

Flow velocity meter

A flow velocity meter is disclosed. The flow velocity meter utilizes a phase locked loop to generate an output signal and outputs the output signal to a current under test. The flow velocity meter receives a reflection signal from the current under test to calculate a speed of the current under test according to a reflection signal and a frequency difference between the output signal and the reflection signal. The flow velocity meter further includes an inclinometer for measuring a depression angle between a water level and a normal direction of the flow velocity meter and measuring a horizontal angle. The flow velocity meter can be adjusted its orientation when being installed according to the measured angles.

SIMULTANEOUS REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF COMPOSITION, FLOW, ATTENUATION, DENSITY, AND PIPE-WALLTHICKNESS IN MULTIPHASE FLUIDS

Apparatus () and methods for making simultaneous measurements of composition (water-cut), fluid flow, and sound attenuation in a multiphase fluid flowing () through a pipe () in real-time, using the same apparatus () are described. Additionally, the apparatus () provides real-time pipe wall thickness monitoring for observing pipe corrosion or internal deposition. Knowledge of wall thickness is necessary to correct for water-cut (oil-water composition) automatically by adjusting the liquid path length internal to the pipe (spool). The use of short duration frequency chirp excitation signals () enables the apparatus to provide information that can be used to extract multiple levels of information from the same measurement in multiphase fluids including the presence of a significant quantity of gas (˜60% gas volume fraction) in different flow regimes. Besides measuring steady flow, this device is useful for measurements during fast changing flows, such as for a rod-pumped well. Measurements up to about 1000 times a second can reliably be made. 127-. (canceled)28. An apparatus for non-invasive , simultaneous measurement of composition , density , fluid flow rate , wall thickness , and sound attenuation of a multiphase fluid comprising at least one liquid component and gas flowing in a pipe having a wall , an outside surface and an axis , comprising:a first transmitting transducer in ultrasonic communication with the outside surface of said pipe for generating a first acoustic frequency chirp signal having a selected frequency range and duration in said multiphase fluid;a second acoustic transmitting transducer in ultrasonic communication with the outside surface of said pipe, disposed a chosen distance downstream from said first transmitting transducer for generating a second acoustic frequency chirp signal having the selected frequency range and duration in said multiphase fluid;a wave generator for generating an acoustic frequency chirp signal for causing said first ...

Ultrasonic Anemometer And Method For Determination Of At Least One Component Of A Wind Velocity Vector Or The Velocity Of Sound In The Atmosphere

Described is an ultrasonic anemometer () as well as a method for determination of at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or a velocity of sound with at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a transmitter () with a sound emission surface for emitting sound waves and at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a receiver () with a sound detection surface for at least partially receiving the emitted sound waves, and with an evaluation unit, which, based on a recorded transit time, which the sound waves require on a measuring section located between the sound emission surface of the at least one transmitter and the sound detection surface of the at least one receiver to cover the distance of this measuring section, determines at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or the velocity of sound. 113-. (canceled)147. An ultrasonic anemometer () for determination of at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or a velocity of sound , comprising:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '15', '16, 'at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as at least one transmitter (, , , , , , , ) with a sound emission surface for emitting sound waves;'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '15', '16, 'at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as at least one receiver (, , , , , , , ) with a sound detection surface for at least partially receiving emitted sound waves;'}an evaluation unit to determine at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or a velocity of sound based on a recorded transit time that the sound waves require on a measuring section located between the sound emission surface of the at least one transmitter and the sound detection surface of the at least one receiver to cover the distance of the measuring section,wherein at least one first measuring section between a first sound emission surface of a first transmitter and a first sound detection surface of a first ...

FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS

A method of determining a measure of wave speed or wave intensity in a fluid conduit comprises uses ultrasound measurements to determine the conduit diameter, as a function of time, at a longitudinal position of the conduit, and uses ultrasound measurements to determine fluid velocity, as a function of time, in a volume element at said longitudinal position of the conduit. The ultrasound measurement to determine fluid velocity is effected by tracking objects within the fluid flow in successive frames sampling the volume element, and obtaining displacement vectors for the objects. A wave speed may be determined from a ratio of the change in fluid velocity at the longitudinal position as a function of time and the change in a logarithmic function of the conduit diameter as a function of time. A measure of wave intensity may be determined as a function of change in determined conduit diameter and corresponding change in fluid velocity. 1. A method of determining a measure of wave speed in a fluid flowing through a fluid conduit , the method comprising:using ultrasound measurements to determine the conduit diameter or conduit cross-sectional area, as a function of time, at a longitudinal position of the conduit;using ultrasound measurements to determine fluid velocity, as a function of time, in a volume element at said longitudinal position of the conduit, the ultrasound measurement to determine fluid velocity being effected by tracking objects within the fluid flow in successive frames sampling the volume element, and obtaining displacement vectors for the objects;determining a wave speed from a function of (i) the change in fluid velocity at the longitudinal position as a function of time and (ii) the change in the conduit diameter or conduit cross-sectional area, as a function of time.2. The method of in which the wave speed is determined from a ratio of the change in fluid velocity at the longitudinal position as a function of time and the change in a logarithmic ...

BEAM SHAPING ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method and corresponding device are provided for determining a flow speed in a fluid conduit. The fluid conduit is provided with first, second and third ultrasonic transducers, wherein respective connection lines between transducers extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit. First and second measuring signals are applied to the first ultrasonic transducer and received at the second and the third ultrasonic transducer, respectively. The measuring signals comprise a respective reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal. Respective first and second response signals are measured and the flow speed is derived from at least one of the first and second response signals. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit comprising:providing the fluid conduit with a fluid that has a predetermined velocity with respect to the fluid conduit. 'wherein respective connection lines between the first ultrasonic transducer, the second ultrasonic transducer and the third ultrasonic transducer extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit,', 'providing the fluid conduit with a first ultrasonic transducer, a second ultrasonic transducer and a third ultrasonic transducer,'}applying a first measuring signal to the first ultrasonic transducer, andmeasuring a first response signal of the first measuring signal at the second ultrasonic transducer,applying a second measuring signal to the first ultrasonic transducer, 'wherein the first measuring signal and the second measuring signal respectively comprise a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of a corresponding impulse signal or of a signal derived therefrom,', 'measuring a second response signal of the second measuring signal at the third ultrasonic transducer,'}deriving a flow speed of the fluid from at least one of the first response signal and the second response signal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying a first reverse ...

SONIC ANEMOMETER

Techniques are described herein for displacing liquid away from a signal path of sonic signals in a signal anemometer. A sonic anemometer may include a membrane positioned between a sonic transducer and the open environment. The membrane may be formed of a hydrophobic material that repels the liquid. The membrane may also include a plurality of pores that impede the flow of liquid through the membrane but enables sonic signals to pass through the membrane. The sonic anemometer may also include a reflector that displaces liquid away from the signal path of the sonic anemometer. The reflector may include one or more pores that wick liquid away from the signal path. 120-. (canceled)21. A sonic anemometer , comprising:a first sonic transducer configured to emit a sonic signal along a signal path;a second sonic transducer positioned in the signal path spaced away from the first sonic transducer; anda hydrophobic structure positioned in the signal path and configured to repel liquid away from the signal path.22. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein the sonic signal is configured to be reflected between the first and second sonic transducers.23. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein multiple hydrophobic structures are positioned in the signal path.24. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein the hydrophobic structure comprises a circular perimeter.25. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein the hydrophobic structure is configured to displace liquid from the signal path.26. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein the hydrophobic structure comprises a surface facing the first sonic transducer or the second sonic transducer.27. The sonic anemometer of claim 26 , wherein the surface is substantially flat.28. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , wherein the first and second sonic transducers are oriented at non-orthogonal angles relative to an airflow direction across the signal path.29. The sonic anemometer of claim 21 , further comprising a housing supporting ...

AIRCRAFT FREESTREAM DATA SYSTEMS

An aircraft freestream data system can include a first ultrasonic air data system (UADS) configured to sense local acoustic properties at a first location on an aircraft, a first local air data module operatively connected to the first UADS and configured to determine first local air data of the first location and to output first local air data, and a freestream data module operatively connected to the first local air data module. The freestream data module can be configured to receive the first local air data from the local air data module, determine one or more freestream air data parameters based on at least the first local air data, and output the one or more freestream air data parameters to one or more aircraft consuming systems. 1. An aircraft freestream data system , comprising:a first ultrasonic air data system (UADS) configured to sense local acoustic properties at a first location on an aircraft;a first local air data module operatively connected to the first UADS and configured to determine first local air data of the first location and to output first local air data; and receive the first local air data from the local air data module;', 'determine one or more freestream air data parameters based on at least the first local air data; and', 'output the one or more freestream air data parameters to one or more aircraft consuming systems., 'a freestream data module operatively connected to the first local air data module and configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first local air data module is hosted within the UADS.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second UADS configured to sense local acoustic properties at a second location on the aircraft; and receive the second local air data from the local air data module; and', 'determine the one or more freestream air data parameters based on at least the first and second local air data., 'a second local air data module operatively connected to the second UADS and configured to determine ...

CORRECTED RPM CALCULATION METHOD FOR COMPRESSOR, CONTROL METHOD FOR COMPRESSOR, AND DEVICES FOR IMPLEMENTING THESE METHODS

An RPM of a compressor is sensed by an RPM meter, and a sound velocity of an inlet gas sucked into the compressor is sensed by a sound velocity meter. A corrected RPM computation unit finds a corrected RPM of the compressor using a reference state quantity determined by a reference specific heat ratio, a reference gas constant, and a reference temperature of the inlet gas; the RPM sensed by the RPM meter, and the sound velocity sensed by the sound velocity meter. 1. A corrected RPM calculation device , comprising:an acceptance unit that receives an RPM of a compressor sensed by an RPM meter and a sound velocity of an inlet gas sucked into the compressor sensed by a sound velocity meter; anda corrected RPM computation unit that finds a corrected RPM of the compressor using a reference state quantity determined by a reference specific heat ratio, a reference gas constant, and a reference temperature of the inlet gas in a reference state; the sound velocity received by the acceptance unit; and the RPM received by the acceptance unit.2. The corrected RPM calculation device according to claim 1 , further comprising:the RPM meter; and the sound velocity meter.3. The corrected RPM calculation device according to claim 2 , whereinthe sound velocity meter includes a sonic transmitter and a sonic receiver disposed opposite each other on a pipe through which the inlet gas flows, in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the pipe.4. The corrected RPM calculation device according to claim 1 , further comprisingan output unit that outputs the corrected RPM found by the corrected RPM computation unit.5. A compressor control device claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the corrected RPM calculation device according to ; and'}a surge control unit that controls a final control element to prevent surging of the compressor,the acceptance unit receiving at least an outlet pressure of the compressor sensed by a pressure gauge, andthe surge control unit ...

Mud Speed Measurements Without Using Recessed Ultrasonic Transceiver

A system for determining a borehole shape may comprise a measurement assembly, wherein the measurement assembly may comprise a housing with an outer surface, a transducer disposed flush along the outer surface of the housing, and an extruded boss that connects to the outer surface of the housing. A method may comprise disposing a downhole tool that includes an instrument section into a wellbore and transmitting an excitation from the transducer into the wellbore, wherein the excitation is reflected off a wellbore wall as an echo. 1. A system comprising: a housing with an outer surface;', 'a transducer disposed flush along the outer surface of the housing; and', 'an extruded boss that connects to the outer surface of the housing., 'a measurement assembly, wherein the measurement assembly comprises2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed on the extruded boss.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is configured to detect contact between a wellbore wall and the sensor.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extruded boss is connected to the outer surface of the housing no more than two feet above the transducer.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the extruded boss connects above the transducer.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the extruded boss connects below the transducer.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extruded boss extends at least a quarter-inch from the outer surface of the housing.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extruded boss is a stabilizer.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the stabilizer includes one or more channels.10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the stabilizer is configured to center the measurement assembly in a wellbore.11. A method comprising: a housing with an outer surface;', 'a transducer disposed flush along the outer surface of the housing; and', 'an extruded boss that connects to the outer surface of the housing; and, 'disposing a downhole tool that includes an instrument section into a wellbore, ...

ACOUSTIC DETECTION OF STALL OVER A WING SURFACE

Apparatus and associated methods relate to detecting turbulence of an airstream over an airfoil surface of an aircraft using a sequence of acoustic transducers attached to the airfoil surface of the aircraft along a path. Each of the sequence of acoustic transducers is configured to detect acoustic waves indicative of airstream condition proximate the acoustic transducer. A processor is configured to determine, for each of the sequence of acoustic transducers, a level of turbulence of the airstream proximate the acoustic transducer. 1. A system for detecting characteristics of an airstream moving over an airfoil surface of an aircraft , the system comprising:a plurality of acoustic transducers positioned along the airfoil surface along a path, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers being configured to detect acoustic waves indicative of an airstream condition proximate the acoustic transducer; anda processor configured to determine, for each of the sequence of acoustic transducers, a level of turbulence in the airstream proximate the acoustic transducer based on the acoustic waves detected.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of acoustic transducers are positioned along the path from a first location proximate a leading edge of the airfoil surface to a last location proximate a trailing edge of the airfoil surface.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the path is along the airstream over the airfoil surface.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the level of turbulence in the airstream proximate the acoustic transducer is determined by comparing amplitude and/or spectral content of the acoustic wave detected that is within a turbulence-sensitivity frequency band with an amplitude threshold and/or a spectral content reference claim 1 , respectively.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a point of flow separation along the path based on the determined level of turbulence and on corresponding ones of the ...

ULTRASONIC AIRSPEED AND DIRECTION SENSOR SYSTEM

An ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor system comprising an ultrasonic sensor array including an elongate base member for mounting to a vehicle, such as a helicopter, so as to extend outwardly from the vehicle. A number of radially extending support members are connected to the base member. The support members carry ultrasonic transducers arranged to define at least four bidirectional ultrasonic paths between respective pairs of the transducers, the ultrasonic paths being arranged into at least three non-coplanar sets. A processing system monitors the passage of ultrasonic signals along the paths to generate corresponding time of flight data, making a weighted selection containing at least one path from each of at least three sets, and processing the time of flight data for the selected paths, proportionate to the determined weighting, to generate airspeed and direction information. 1. An ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor system comprising an ultrasonic sensor array including an elongate base member for mounting to a vehicle in use so as to extend outwardly from the vehicle , a number of radially extending support members connected to the base member , the support members carrying ultrasonic transducers arranged to define at least four bidirectional ultrasonic paths between respective pairs of the transducers , the ultrasonic paths being arranged into at least three non-coplanar sets; and a processing system for monitoring the passage of ultrasonic signals along the paths to generate corresponding time of flight data , making a weighted selection containing at least one path from each of at least three sets , and processing the time of flight data for the selected paths , proportionate to the determined weighting , to generate airspeed and direction information.2. An ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor according to claim 1 , comprising at least four non-co-planar ultrasonic paths.3. An ultrasonic airspeed and direction sensor according to claim 1 , ...

FLOW METER

A method of measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing along a path, the method comprising: transmitting successive pairs of periodic signals through the fluid, the respective signals of each pair being transmitted in opposite directions along, and from opposite ends of, the path; determining a difference in propagation times of each signal of each pair along the path; and determining a flow rate of fluid along the path based on the difference in propagation times of the signals of each pair along the path; wherein a phase of each signal is altered with respect to a phase of at least one other signal transmitted along the path. 118.-. (canceled)19. A method of measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing along a path , the method comprising:transmitting successive pairs of periodic signals through the fluid, the respective signals of each pair being transmitted in opposite directions along, and from opposite ends of, the path;determining a difference in propagation times of each signal of each pair along the path; anddetermining a flow rate of fluid along the path based on the difference in propagation times of the signals of each pair along the path;wherein a phase of each signal is altered with respect to a phase of at least one other signal transmitted along the path.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the at least one other signal comprises the other signal of the respective pair of signals.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the at least one other signal comprises a signal previously transmitted along the path.22. The method of claim 19 , wherein altering the phase of each signal comprises changing a time interval between each signal and a respective preceding signal transmitted from the same end of the path with respect to a time interval between the preceding signal and a signal that preceded the preceding signal.23. The method of claim 19 , wherein altering the phase of each signal comprises changing an initial angle of each signal relative to an initial angle ...

Ultrasonic meter

An ultrasonic meter detects a flow rate of a fluid. The ultrasonic meter has a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and a flow passage connecting the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. The flow passage has a measuring tube, which extends in a straight line in a flow direction. An inner wall of a side wall delimiting a flow cross section of the measuring tube has at least one groove, extending in the flow direction, which enlarges the flow cross section. The side wall has an aperture and/or a step exclusively within the groove, between a normal region and a recessed region in the flow direction. A groove depth of the groove is greater in the recessed region than in the normal region.

RESTIMULATION PROCESS USING COILED TUBING AND FIBER OPTICS

In accordance with presently disclosed embodiments, a method and system for performing real-time evaluation of a restimulation operation using coiled tubing with fiber optics is provided. The method involves performing a restimulation treatment by pumping a slurry with diverter materials through an annulus in the wellbore surrounding the coiled tubing, and using fiber optics in the coiled tubing to identify the order and magnitude of fractures being created during the restimulation treatment. The fiber optics in the coiled tubing may include one or more fiber optic cables designed to collect distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) or distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data. The evaluation of the restimulation operation may be used to validate and/or adjust the restimulation treatment as needed to improve the lateral distribution of transverse fractures through a subterranean formation. The coiled tubing may also be used to remove sand bridges from the wellbore throughout the restimulation treatment. 1. A method , comprising:positioning coiled tubing in a wellbore proximate a plurality of entry points formed between the wellbore and a subterranean formation;pumping a slurry comprising diverter material into an annulus of the wellbore surrounding the coiled tubing;collecting distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data along a fiber optic cable disposed in the coiled tubing while pumping the slurry; andanalyzing the DAS data to evaluate changes in fracture planes in the subterranean formation due to interaction of the diverter material with the plurality of entry points.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing residual particulates from the wellbore proximate the plurality of entry points via the coiled tubing.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising raising the coiled tubing to a location above the plurality of entry points prior to pumping a treatment fluid into the wellbore.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising lowering the coiled tubing from ...

Object detection device and moving body control device

An object detection device that detects an object existing around a moving body moving on a road surface by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, includes: a first acquisition unit configured to acquire reflection intensity information indicating an intensity of a reflected wave from the object; a first generation unit configured to generate object information indicating existence of a predetermined detection target when the reflected wave having an intensity exceeding a threshold value is received; an estimation unit configured to estimate a wind speed based on a road surface reflection intensity, which is an intensity of a reflected wave from the road surface; and a setting unit configured to change the threshold value according to the wind speed.

ACOUSTIC ILLUMINATION FOR FLOW-MONITORING

Externally generated noise can be coupled into a fluid carrying structure such as a pipe, well, or borehole so as to artificially acoustically “illuminate” the pipe, well, or borehole, and allow fluid flow in the structure or structural integrity to be determined. In the disclosed system, externally generated noise is coupled into the structure being monitored at the same time as data logging required to undertake the monitoring is performed. This has three effects. First, the externally generated sound is coupled into the structure so as to “illuminate” acoustically the structure to allow data to be collected from which fluid flow may be determined, and secondly the amount of data that need be collected is reduced, as there is no need to log data when the structure is not being illuminated. Thirdly, there are signal processing advantages in having the data logging being undertaken only when the acoustic illumination occurs. 1. A method of monitoring a fluid-flow carrying structure , the method comprising:determining a generation of an acoustic wave;at the same time as the generated acoustic wave is incident on the structure, sensing, using an optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor, acoustic energy coupled into the fluid-flow carrying structure from the incident generated acoustic wave; andstoring acoustic data corresponding to the sensed acoustic energy;wherein the generation of the acoustic wave and the sensing of the acoustic energy and the storing of acoustic data are synchronised such that, upon generation of an acoustic wave, the sensing and storing of the acoustic data is activated when the acoustic wave is incident on the structure and deactivated once the acoustic wave has propagated there along.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the acoustic wave is generated remote from the structure claim 1 , or next to or within the structure.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the acoustic wave is generated by a seismic source claim 1 , the seismic ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING A SPEED OF A FLUID

A method for measuring a speed of a fluid, comprising the steps of: —transmitting an ultrasonic measurement signal (Se); —acquiring and digitising a measurement portion () of an ultrasonic measurement signal received (Sr, Sr, Sr) after the ultrasonic measurement signal (Se) has travelled a path of defined length (L) to obtain measurement samples; —estimate, from the measurement samples, an amplitude of the measurement portion; —access reference samples from a reference table pre-filled and stored in a memory, the reference samples forming a reference curve which is an interpolation of the measurement samples; —produce adjusted measurement samples by multiplying the measurement samples by ratio between an amplitude of the reference curve and the amplitude of the measurement portion; —for each adjusted measurement sample, determine a unit time delay between the adjusted measurement sample and the reference curve; —for each adjusted measurement sample, estimate a zero-crossing time of the measurement portion from the unit time delay and from the reference samples, estimate, from an average of the zero-crossing times, the time it takes the ultrasonic measurement signal to travel the path of defined length; —estimate the speed of the fluid from the travel time measurement. 1. A method for measuring a speed of a fluid , comprising the steps of:emitting a measurement ultrasound signal;acquiring and digitizing a measurement portion of a measurement ultrasound signal received after the measurement ultrasound signal has traversed a path of defined length, to obtain measurement samples;estimating, on the basis of the measurement samples, an amplitude of the measurement portion;accessing reference samples of a prefilled reference table stored in a memory, the reference samples forming a reference curve which constitutes an interpolation of the measurement samples;producing adjusted measurement samples by multiplying the measurement samples by a ratio between an amplitude of the ...

HORIZONTAL ACOUSTIC SEDIMENT AND CURRENT PROFILER APPARATUS AND METHODS

A horizontal acoustic sediment and current profiler and methods of use. In one implementation, the horizontal acoustic sediment and current profiler includes a housing that is configured to house a plurality of transducer elements. In some implementations, these plurality of transducer elements include a plurality of rectangular transducer elements that are each configured to form a beam having a beam width of less than one degree; a first transducer element that is configured to form a first beam at a first frequency; a second transducer element that is configured to form a second beam at a second frequency, the second frequency differing from the first frequency; and a vertical transducer element that is oriented substantially orthogonal to the first transducer element and the second transducer element, the vertical transducer element configured to measure a depth of placement of the horizontal acoustic sediment and current profiler with respect to a surface of a fluidic medium. 1. Acoustic profiling apparatus for use in a fluidic medium , comprising:at least one first transducer element configured to operate within a first frequency band;at least one second transducer element configured to operate within a second frequency band different than the first frequency band; andtransmit/receive circuitry in signal communication with the at least one first transducer element and the at least one second transducer element and configured to (i) cause emission of at least a first acoustic beam from the at least one first transducer element and at least a second acoustic beam for the at least one second transducer element; and (ii) enable reception of echoes via at least one of the at least one first and at least one second transducer elements; and determine at least a Doppler frequency shift and an echo intensity relating to each of the acoustic beams; and', 'compute at least one profile of at least one of parameter related to sediment in the fluidic medium., 'computerized ...

MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS USING MACHINE LEARNING

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining atmospheric conditions. In one aspect, a method includes receiving data relating to atmospheric conditions collected at a particular altitude located within the stratosphere, providing the data to a machine-learned model that has been trained using a training data set collected in a controlled environment, determining, by the machine-learned model, atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude based on the data collected for the particular altitude and storing the atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude. 1. A method for determining atmospheric conditions comprising:receiving data relating to atmospheric conditions collected at a particular altitude, the particular altitude located within the stratosphere;providing the data to a machine-learned model, the machine-learned model having been trained using a training data set collected in a controlled environment;determining, by the machine-learned model, atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude based on the data collected for the particular altitude; andstoring the atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmospheric conditions comprise an ambient temperature at the particular altitude and the atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude is temperature data for the particular altitude.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the atmospheric conditions comprise an absolute pressure at the particular altitude and the atmospheric conditions data for the particular altitude is pressure data for the particular altitude claim 2 , andwherein the pressure data and temperature data for the particular altitude are interdependent such that the data collected at the particular altitude depends on both temperature and pressure at the particular altitude.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data comprises a set of time- ...

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW VELOCITY VECTOR, ENERGY AND MASS GAUGE

A three-dimensional flow velocity vector, energy and mass gauge is provided, wherein it comprises an elastic leather cover, both ends of which are mounted with a rigid sealing plug, separately, the elastic leather cover and the rigid sealing plug forming a cylindrical sealing cavity, in which a cable connecting line hole is installed on the upper rigid sealing plug, while an injection hole for injecting liquid into the cylindrical sealing cavity, on which a sealing plug is provided, is installed on the lower rigid sealing plug; and a measuring device for measuring the flow velocity vector and energy and a device for measuring the mass are installed in the cylindrical sealing cavity. The gauge has the advantages of a simple structure, convenient manufacturing and comprehensive detection. 1. A three-dimensional flow velocity vector , energy and mass gauge , wherein it comprises:an elastic leather cover, both ends of which are mounted with a rigid sealing plug, separately, the elastic leather cover and the rigid sealing plug forming a cylindrical sealing cavity, in which a cable connecting line hole is installed on the upper rigid sealing plug, while an injection hole for injecting liquid into the cylindrical sealing cavity, on which a sealing plug is provided, is installed on the lower rigid sealing plug;a flow velocity vector and energy measuring device, which is installed in the above-mentioned cylindrical sealing cavity, and is electrically connected with a computer with a GPS locator via a cable connecting line, obtaining the flowing direction and velocity of underground water by sending the flow sonar obtained by measurement to the computer, thereby determining the flowing vector and energy of underground water; anda leakage point mass measuring device, which is installed on either or both external surfaces of the above-mentioned two rigid sealing plugs, and is electrically connected with the above-mentioned computer via a connecting cable, wherein it determines ...

WIND SPEED MEASURING DEVICE, WIND SPEED MEASURING METHOD, AND PROGRAM

Realized is a device capable of measuring a wind speed and a wind direction with high precision while reducing the effect of ambient noise. The device includes an acoustic wave transmitting section that transmits a measurement acoustic wave, an acoustic wave receiving section that receives the measurement acoustic wave transmitted from the acoustic wave transmitting section, a signal selecting section that determines a characteristic of the measurement acoustic wave, and a wind speed calculating section that calculates a wind speed by analyzing a signal received by the acoustic wave receiving section. The signal selecting section selects, as the measurement acoustic wave, an acoustic wave that mainly includes a low-intensity frequency bandwidth selected from a noise signal which the acoustic wave receiving section receives when the measurement acoustic wave is not transmitted. Alternatively, the plural acoustic wave receiving sections are disposed at different relative positions with respect to the acoustic wave transmitting section, and the wind speed calculating section functions as a wind direction-and-wind speed calculating section to calculate a wind direction as well as a wind speed by analyzing signals received by the respective plural acoustic wave receiving sections. 1. A wind speed measuring device comprising:an acoustic wave transmitting section that transmits a measurement acoustic wave;an acoustic wave receiving section that receives the measurement acoustic wave transmitted from the acoustic wave transmitting section;a signal selecting section that determines a characteristic of the measurement acoustic wave outputted from the acoustic wave transmitting section; anda wind speed calculating section that calculates a wind speed by analyzing a signal received by the acoustic wave receiving section, whereinthe signal selecting section selects, as the measurement acoustic wave outputted from the acoustic wave transmitting section, an acoustic wave that ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WIND VELOCITY

In one embodiment, a system includes a vehicle, one or more probes coupled to the vehicle, and a controller. The vehicle is operable to traverse a distance. The one or more probes are operable to measure wind pressure and generate one or more wind pressure measurements. The controller is operable to receive the one or more wind pressure measurements from the one or more probes, determine a wind angle relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements, and determine a wind speed relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements and the wind angle. 120-. (canceled)21. A system , comprising:one or more probes coupled to a vehicle; and receive a first wind pressure measurement and a second wind pressure measurement from the one or more probes;', 'determine a pressure differential using the first wind pressure measurement and the second wind pressure measurement; and', 'determine whether the vehicle is susceptible to wind-induced tip-over based at least in part on the pressure differential., 'a controller, wherein the controller is operable to22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the controller is further operable to initiate an action in response to determining that the vehicle is susceptible to wind-induced tip-over claim 21 , wherein the action comprises one or more of the following:decrease a speed of the vehicle;stop the vehicle;activate a siren; andchange a direction of the vehicle.23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more probes coupled to the vehicle are located in compliance with one or more Association of American Railroads (AAR) clearance plate diagram standards.24. The system of claim 21 , wherein:the one or more probes comprise a first probe and a second probe;the first probe is coupled to a top surface of a front portion of the vehicle on a first side of the top surface;the second probe is coupled to the top surface of the front portion of the vehicle on a second side of the top surface opposite the ...

APPARATUS AND A METHOD FOR PROVIDING A TIME MEASUREMENT

Apparatus for measuring the time taken for sound to travel a predetermined distance, including a transmitter electroacoustic transducer for transmitting an acoustic signal, and a receiver electroacoustic transducer, spaced from the transmitter electroacoustic transducer, for receiving the transmitted acoustic signal. The apparatus has a sound reflective surface spaced from the receiver electroacoustic transducer, so the latter also receives a reflection of the acoustic signal, and timing electrical circuitry connected to the receiver electroacoustic transducer to provide a measure of the time delay between the respective receptions by the receiver electroacoustic transducer of the acoustic signal and its reflection. The invention extends to a flowmeter () which incorporates such apparatus and an anemometer which incorporates such apparatus. The apparatus can be adapted to measure the speed of sound. The invention extends to the corresponding methods which make use of such apparatus. 1. Apparatus for providing a measure of the time taken for sound to travel a predetermined distance , comprising a transmitter electroacoustic transducer for transmitting an acoustic signal , and a receiver electroacoustic transducer , spaced apart from the transmitter electroacoustic transducer , for receiving the acoustic signal transmitted by the transmitter electroacoustic transducer , when the apparatus is in use , the apparatus having a sound reflective surface spaced apart from the receiver electroacoustic transducer so that the latter also receives a reflection of that signal , and timing electrical circuitry connected to the receiver electroacoustic transducer which circuitry serves to provide a measure of the time delay between the respective receptions by the receiver electroacoustic transducer of that signal and its reflection.2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitter electroacoustic transducer and the receiver electroacoustic transducer are opposed claim 1 ...

WIND SENSOR DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Wind sensor devices, systems, and methods are provided in accordance with various embodiments. The wind sensor device may include: a first support ring; a second support ring; a first transducer coupled with the first support ring; a second transducer coupled with the first support ring; a third transducer coupled with the second support ring; and a fourth transducer coupled with the second support ring. A center of a face of the first transducer, a center of a face of the second transducer, a center of a face of the third transducer, and a center of a face of the fourth transducer may form four vertices of a tetrahedron, which may include an equilateral tetrahedron. The first transducer, the second transducer, the third transducer, and the fourth transducer are generally directed away from a center of the tetrahedron. 112.-. (canceled)13. A method of wind measurement comprising:transmitting a first acoustic signal from a first transducer coupled with a first support ring;transmitting a second acoustic signal from a second transducer coupled with the first support ring, wherein an angle formed between a central axis through a center of a face of the first transducer and an imaginary line formed between the center of the face of the first transducer and a center of a face of the second transducer is greater than 40 degrees and wherein a back of a first transducer housing is coupled with first support ring such that the central axis through the center of the face of the first transducer forms an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to an intersection point between the central axis through the center of the face of the first transducer and a tangent line formed with respect to the first support ring;transmitting a third acoustic signal from a third transducer coupled with a second support ring; andtransmitting a fourth acoustic signal from a fourth transducer coupled with the second support ring, wherein the center of the face of the first transducer, the center of ...

IMPROVED SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method for determining a flow speed of a liquid in a fluid conduit is provided. During a signal-generating phase, an impulse signal is applied to a first ultrasonic transducer. A response signal is then received at a second ultrasonic transducer. A measuring signal is later derived from the response signal, wherein the derivation comprises reversing a signal portion with respect to time. During a measurement phase, a liquid moves with respect to the fluid conduit. The measuring signal is then applied to one of the two transducers and a response signal of the measuring signal is measured at the other transducer. A flow speed is derived from the response signal of the measuring signal. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit with a travel time ultrasonic flow meter , the method comprising:applying an impulse signal to a first ultrasonic clamp-on transducer, the first ultrasonic clamp-on transducer being mounted to the fluid conduit at a first location,receiving a response signal of the impulse signal at a second ultrasonic clamp-on transducer, the second ultrasonic clamp-on transducer being located at the fluid conduit at a second location provided upstream or downstream of the first ultrasonic clamp-on transducer,applying a pre-determined measuring signal to one of the first and the second ultrasonic clamp-on transducers, the measuring signal comprising a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of the impulse signal or of a signal derived therefrom and,measuring a first response signal of the measuring signal at the other one of the first and the second ultrasonic clamp-on transducer,deriving a flow speed of the fluid from the first response signal.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:repeating the steps of applying the measuring signal and measuring the response signal in the reverse direction to obtain a second response signal,deriving a flow speed of the fluid from the first response signal and ...

Three Dimensional (3D) Transverse Oscillation Vector Velocity Ultrasound Imaging

An ultrasound imaging system ( 300 ) includes a transducer array ( 302 ) with a two-dimensional array of transducer elements configured to transmit an ultrasound signal and receive echoes, transmit circuitry ( 304 ) configured to control the transducer array to transmit the ultrasound signal so as to traverse a field of view, and receive circuitry ( 306 ) configured to receive a two dimensional set of echoes produced in response to the ultrasound signal traversing structure in the field of view, wherein the structure includes flowing structure. A beamformer ( 312 ) configured to beamform the echoes, and a velocity processor ( 314 ) configured to separately determine a depth velocity component, a transverse velocity component and an elevation velocity component, wherein the velocity components are determined based on the same transmitted ultrasound signal and the same received set of two dimensional echoes.

Method of predicting the risk of a liquid freezing

A prediction method for predicting freezing of a liquid flowing in a pipe of a liquid meter includes steps of: acquiring measurements of air temperature in the liquid meter; evaluating an air temperature prediction parameter and then, from the air temperature prediction parameter, evaluating a liquid temperature prediction parameter; using the liquid temperature prediction parameter to estimate a duration-to-freezing between a present instant and an instant at which the liquid risks freezing; and generating an alarm if the duration-to-freezing is less than a predetermined time threshold.

Method for determining waveguide temperature for acoustic transceiver used in a gas turbine engine

A method for determining waveguide temperature for at least one waveguide of a transceiver utilized for generating a temperature map. The transceiver generates an acoustic signal that travels through a measurement space in a hot gas flow path defined by a wall such as in a combustor. The method includes calculating a total time of flight for the acoustic signal and subtracting a waveguide travel time from the total time of flight to obtain a measurement space travel time. A temperature map is calculated based on the measurement space travel time. An estimated wall temperature is obtained from the temperature map. An estimated waveguide temperature is then calculated based on the estimated wall temperature wherein the estimated waveguide temperature is determined without the use of a temperature sensing device.

Towable Stream Gauge Platform having Asymmetrical Elastic Harness

A towable stream gauge platform having an asymmetrical elastic harness comprises a buoyant flexible platform and a harness including a shock cord having first and second lengths interconnected at a loop, both lengths passing slidably through a plurality of retaining rings flexibly attached to pad eyes embedded in the top surface of the platform, a leading end of said first length extending forward of said retaining rings on one side of the platform and the loop extending forward of said retaining rings on the other side of the platform, a terminal end of the second length secured to the top surface of the platform, one end of a pull cord attached to the loop and the other end of the pull cord attached to the leading end, such that the pull cord encounters greater resistance from the loop than from the lead end when under tension. 1. A towable stream gauge platform having asymmetrical elastic harness comprises:a buoyant platform having a bow, a top surface, and left and right sides, and a plurality of retaining rings including a front retaining ring and a rear retaining ring disposed on each of said left and right sides, the front retaining ring on each side secured to the top surface of said platform near said bow, the rear retaining ring on each side secured to the top surface of said platform rearward of the front retaining ring,', 'an elastic shock cord having a leading end and a fixed end, said shock cord bent back on itself at a loop to form first and second lengths, said first length slidably extending from said leading end through the front and rear retaining rings of one of said left and right sides and the rear and front retaining rings of the other of said left and right sides, said second length slidably extending from said loop through the front and rear retaining rings of one of said left and right sides and the rear retaining ring of the other of said left and right sides, said leading end extending forward of one of said front retaining rings and said ...

Ultrasound flowmeter and method for measuring flow rate

An Ultrasonic flowmeter for measuring the flow of a medium through a measuring tube ( 3 ) with at least two ultrasonic transducers ( 4,5 ) and at least one control and evaluation unit ( 6 ). The measuring tube ( 3 ) has an inner wall, the ultrasonic transducers ( 4, 5 ) are transmitters ( 4,5 ) for transmitting an ultrasonic signal ( 7 ) and/or are receivers ( 4, 5 ) for receiving the ultrasonic signal, and are arranged offset in the direction of flow such that the respective transmitter ( 4, 5 ) transmits an ultrasonic signal ( 7 ) in the direction of flow or against the direction of flow during operation. The receiver ( 4, 5 ) receives the ultrasonic signal ( 7 ) transmitted by the transmitter ( 4, 5 ) after at least one reflection on the inner wall of the measuring tube ( 3 ), the ultrasonic signal ( 7 ) having a first signal component ( 8 ) and at least a second signal component ( 9 ).

FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A WIND VELOCITY SENSOR

The invention relates to a flow measuring instrument which ascertains the water level of a watercourse, the flow rate of the watercourse at a specific location, and the wind velocity at the location of the measuring instrument, and these three measurement data are incorporated in the calculation of the average flow rate of the watercourse and/or of the calculation of the flow. By taking the wind velocity above the watercourse into consideration, calculation of the flow can be improved. 1. A flow measuring instrument comprising:a contactlessly measuring flow rate sensor configured to detect a local flow rate of a watercourse;a wind velocity sensor configured to detect the wind velocity;control circuitry configured to calculate the average flow rate of the watercourse, taking into account the local flow rate and the wind velocity.2. The flow measuring instrument according to claim 1 ,wherein the wind velocity sensor is attached to the flow rate sensor or is integrated in the flow rate sensor.3. The flow measuring instrument according to claim 1 ,wherein the wind velocity sensor is configured to detect the wind direction, wherein the detected wind direction is taken into account by the control circuitry in order to calculate the flow of the watercourse.4. The flow measuring instrument according to claim 1 ,wherein the control circuitry is configured to take into account the position of the flow measuring instrument and/or the orientation of the flow measuring instrument relative to the watercourse in order to calculate the average flow rate.5. The flow measuring instrument according to claim 4 , further comprising:a position and a location sensor device figured to detect the position and the orientation of the flow measuring instrument relative to the watercourse.6. The flow measuring instrument according to claim 4 ,wherein the control circuitry is configured to access a database that provides the orientation of the watercourse at the location at which the flow ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING A SPEED OF A FLUID

A method for measuring a speed of a fluid, comprising measurement phases and detection phases each carried out between two measurement phases, each detection phase comprising the steps of; measuring a spurious ultrasonic signal level; comparing the spurious ultrasonic signal level with a detection threshold capable of assuming a plurality of predefined values; if the measured spurious ultrasonic signal level is less than the detection threshold, reducing the detection threshold, and repeating the measurement step and the comparison step; when the measured spurious ultrasonic signal level becomes greater than or equal to the detection threshold, detecting a disturbance and, depending on the value of the detection threshold, determining if the disturbance originates from an anomaly or from attempted fraudulent activity. 1. A method of measuring the speed of a fluid , the method comprising measurement stages , each comprising the steps of emitting an ultrasound measurement signal , of receiving the ultrasound measurement signal after it has travelled along a path of defined length , and of evaluating the speed of the fluid as a function of the travel time taken by the ultrasound measurement signal to travel along the path of defined length , the measurement method further comprising detection stages that are each performed between two measurement stages , each detection stage comprising the following steps:measuring an interfering ultrasound signal level present in the fluid;comparing the interfering ultrasound signal level with a current value of a detection threshold, the detection threshold being capable of taking a plurality of predefined values lying between a maximum detection threshold and a minimum detection threshold;if the measured interfering ultrasound signal level is less than the current value of the detection threshold, reducing the current value of the detection threshold, and reiterating the measurement step and the comparison step;when the measured ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING A SPEED OF A FLUID

A method of measuring the speed of a fluid comprising the following steps: 1. A method of measuring the speed of a fluid , the method comprising measurement stages , each comprising the following steps:generating a plurality of pseudorandom emission frequencies (fus_n);for each pseudorandom emission frequency (fus_n), producing travel time measurements representative of times taken by ultrasound measurement signals emitted at said pseudorandom emission frequency to travel along a path of defined length;for each pseudorandom emission frequency (fus_n), evaluating the accuracy of the travel time measurements;for evaluating the speed of the fluid, making use of the travel time measurements produced for the pseudorandom emission frequency (fus_k) that presents the greatest accuracy;{'sub': fus_n', 'fus_n', 'fus_n, 'the measurement method being such that, for each pseudorandom emission frequency (fus_n), evaluating the accuracy of the travel time measurements comprises a step of calculating a mean M′of the travel time measurements, and a step of determining a number of inaccurate travel time measurements lying outside a range [M′−X, M′+X], the emission frequency that presents the greatest accuracy being the frequency for which the number of inaccurate travel time measurements is the lowest.'}2. The measurement method according to claim 1 , wherein X lies in the range 3% to 30% of M′.3. The measurement method according to claim 1 , wherein a mean travel time used for evaluating the speed of the fluid is equal to the mean Mof the travel time measurements within the range [M′−X claim 1 , M′+X] claim 1 , fus_k being the emission frequency that presents the greatest accuracy.4. The measurement method according to claim 1 , wherein for a received ultrasound measurement signal claim 1 , the travel time measurement is obtained on the basis of determining a moment of arrival for a predetermined lobe of the received ultrasound measurement signal.5. The measurement method according ...

ROTATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASONIC ANEMOMETER AND METHOD OF MEASURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL WIND VELOCITY USING THE SAME

Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic anemometer, a 3D wind velocity measuring method, and a wind turbine. The 3D ultrasonic anemometer includes: an ultrasonic sensor including three pairs of ultrasonic transceivers arranged in different directions, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is installed at a rotation body rotating around a rotation axis and rotates around the rotation axis together with the rotation body; a signal processor outputting a 3D sensed wind velocity sensed by the ultrasonic sensor; and a coordinate converter converting the 3D sensed wind velocity into a 3D fixed wind velocity on a fixed coordinate system by using a rotation angle φ of the rotation body. 1. A three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic anemometer comprising:an ultrasonic sensor comprising three pairs of ultrasonic transceivers arranged in different directions, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is installed at a rotation body rotating around a rotation axis and rotates around the rotation axis together with the rotation body;a signal processor outputting a 3D sensed wind velocity sensed by the ultrasonic sensor; anda coordinate converter converting the 3D sensed wind velocity into a 3D fixed wind velocity on a fixed coordinate system by using a rotation angle φ of the rotation body.2. The 3D ultrasonic anemometer of claim 1 , further comprising a rotation angle sensor comprising a gravity sensor rotating together with the rotation body claim 1 , wherein the rotation angle sensor senses the rotation angle φ of the rotation body by using the gravity sensor and outputs the rotation angle φ to the coordinate converter.3. The 3D ultrasonic anemometer of claim 1 , wherein the coordinate converter receives claim 1 , in real time claim 1 , information about the rotation angle φ of the rotation body from an external device including the rotation body.4. The 3D ultrasonic anemometer of claim 1 , wherein the 3D sensed wind velocity is defined on a sensing coordinate system of the ultrasonic sensor ...

BEAM SHAPING ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method and corresponding device are provided for determining a flow speed in a fluid conduit. The fluid conduit is provided with first, second and third ultrasonic transducers, wherein respective connection lines between transducers extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit. First and second measuring signals are applied to the first ultrasonic transducer and received at the second and the third ultrasonic transducer, respectively. The measuring signals comprise a respective reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal. Respective first and second response signals are measured and the flow speed is derived from at least one of the first and second response signals. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit comprising:providing the fluid conduit with a fluid that has a predetermined velocity with respect to the fluid conduit,providing the fluid conduit with a first ultrasonic wet transducer, a second ultrasonic wet transducer and a third ultrasonic wet transducer,wherein respective connection lines between the first ultrasonic wet transducer, the second ultrasonic wet transducer and the third ultrasonic wet transducer extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit,applying a first measuring signal to the first ultrasonic wet transducer, andmeasuring a first response signal of the first measuring signal at the second ultrasonic wet transducer,applying a second measuring signal to the first ultrasonic wet transducer,measuring a second response signal of the second measuring signal at the third ultrasonic wet transducer,wherein the first measuring signal and the second measuring signal respectively comprise a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of a corresponding impulse signal or of a signal derived therefrom,deriving a flow speed of the fluid from at least one of the first response signal and the second response signal.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising: ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF ACOUSTIC WAVE MEASUREMENT OF AXIAL VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION AND FLOW RATE

A method is provided to measure a distribution of axial velocities and a flowrate in a pipe or a vessel. The method comprises selecting a single cross-section at a stable-flow segment in a pipe or a vessel, installing a plurality of acoustic wave sensors along a peripheral wall of the pipe or the vessel to form a plurality of effective sound wave paths; measuring sound wave travelling time on each sound wave path; substituting the measured sound wave travelling time data into the model formulas based on a sound path refraction principle for reconstruction calculation to obtain a distribution of axial velocity in the measured cross-section of the pipe or the vessel, u(x,y); and integrating the distribution of the axial velocity u(x,y) along the cross-section to obtain a flow rate. A system is also provided to measure an axial velocity distribution and a flow rate in a pipe. 1. A method of acoustic wave measurement of an axial velocity distribution in a pipe or a vessel , comprising:selecting a single cross-section located at a stable-flow segment in the pipe or the vessel;installing a plurality of acoustic wave sensors along a peripheral wall of the pipe or the vessel at the cross-section, wherein a plurality of effective sound wave paths are formed between the acoustic wave sensors;measuring a sound wave travelling time along each sound wave path by the plurality of acoustic wave sensors; andsubstituting the sound wave traveling time of each sound wave path into a reconstruction equation to obtain the axial velocity distribution u(x,y) on the cross section of the pipe or the vessel to obtain the axial velocity distribution, wherein the axial velocity distribution u(x,y) is an axial velocity at a point (x, y) in a coordinate system, the reconstruction equation is a function that correlates the axial velocity distribution u(x, y) with each distance between two acoustic wave sensors at two ends of a sound wave path, and a sound traveling time along the sound wave path. ...

Velocity Measurements Using a Piezoelectric Sensor

A method of measuring fluid flow rate is provided. The method comprises positioning a piezoelectric sensor in a fluid flow stream and measuring a voltage output from the piezoelectric sensor caused by mechanical stress from the fluid flow stream. A fluid flow rate is calculated based on the measured voltage output according to predefined relationships between the voltage output and a number physical parameters. 1. A method of measuring fluid flow rate , the method comprising:positioning a piezoelectric sensor in a fluid flow stream;measuring a voltage output from the piezoelectric sensor caused by mechanical stress from the fluid flow stream; andcalculating a fluid flow rate based on the measured voltage output according to predefined relationships between the voltage output and a number physical parameters.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises a cantilever beam.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises lead zirconate titanite.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein voltage output is positively correlated with fluid flow rate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein voltage output is non-linearly correlated with fluid flow rate.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned perpendicular to the fluid flow.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical parameters comprise:piezoelectric sensor cross-sectional area;piezoelectric sensor thickness;drag force; andfluid pressure.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor is rectangular in shape.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow stream passes through a rectangular test section claim 1 , and wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned in the rectangular test section.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow stream passes through a circular test section claim 1 , and wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned in the rectangular test section.11. An apparatus for measuring fluid flow rate claim 1 , the ...

GASES MIXING AND MEASURING FOR A MEDICAL DEVICE

A gases humidification system includes a measuring chamber and a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber has one or more mixing elements that improve a mixing of gases before reaching the measuring chamber. Ultrasonic sensing is used to measure gases properties or characteristics within the measuring chamber. A baffle or a vane may be used to control and direct the gases flow through the mixing chamber as the gases flow moves into the measuring chamber. 1. A gases measurement apparatus comprising:a gases measuring chamber comprising a gases flow path from a first end of the gases measuring chamber to a second end of the gases measuring chamber, wherein a downstream direction is defined along the gases flow path from the first end to the second end and an upstream direction is defined along the gases flow path from the second end to the first end;a controller;a first ultrasonic sensor positioned at the first end of the gases measuring chamber, the first ultrasonic sensor configured to transmit a downstream acoustic pulse train in a first measurement phase, to detect an upstream acoustic pulse train in a second measurement phase, and to send a signal to the controller; anda second ultrasonic sensor positioned at the second end of the gases measuring chamber, the second ultrasonic sensor configured to transmit the upstream acoustic pulse train in the second measurement phase, to detect the downstream acoustic pulse train in the first measurement phase, and to send a signal to the controller;wherein the controller is configured to determine a characteristic of the gases based at least in part on a signal received from the first ultrasonic sensor and a signal received from the second ultrasonic sensor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gases comprise two gases.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the two gases comprise oxygen and air.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the downstream acoustic pulse train or the upstream acoustic pulse train comprises a plurality of ...

Method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring physical properties of materials in a conduit

Methods and apparatus for non-invasive determination of one or more physical properties of a material in a conduit are presented. In one example, the method comprises initiating a vibration on a wall of the conduit at a first location, capturing a response to the vibration at the first location, capturing a response to the vibration at a second location, and determining at least one physical property of the material based on at least one of the captured responses at the first location and the second location.

MEASURING DEVICE FOR DETERMINING A FLUID VARIABLE

A measuring device determines a fluid variable with a control device, a measuring tube and a first vibration transducer arranged at the measuring tube. The first vibration transducer contains a vibration element. The vibration element has a vibration body, a first electrode on the measuring tube side and a second electrode averted from the measuring tube. The first electrode extends over a first end face of the vibration body. The second electrode extends to a second end face that lies opposite the first end face. A respective conductive contact element contacts the first electrode at a first end face and the second electrode at a second end face electrically and mechanically such that the vibration element is supported by the contact elements. A voltage between the first and second electrodes can be varied through the vibration element to excite a guided wave in a side wall of the measuring tube. 1. A measuring device for determining a fluid variable relating to a fluid and/or a fluid flow of the fluid , the measuring device comprising:a controller;a measuring tube serving to accommodate and/or guide the fluid and having a side wall; and 'said first vibration transducer disposed at said measuring tube, said first vibration transducer having at least one vibration element, said at least one vibration element having a vibration body with a first end face and a second end face, a first electrode on a measuring tube side and disposed on a first side face of said vibration body on a side of said measuring tube, and a second electrode averted from said measuring tube and is disposed at a second side face of said vibration body averted from said measuring tube on an opposite side to said first side face on said measuring tube side, wherein said first electrode on said measuring tube side extending over a first end face of said vibration body that is angled with respect to said first and second side faces on said measuring tube side and averted from said measuring tube, ...

Measuring device for determining a fluid variable

A measuring device determines a fluid variable via a control device. A measuring tube serves to guide the fluid, and a first vibration transducer is arranged at the measuring tube. The first vibration transducer has a supporting device and two vibration elements spaced apart from one another. A spring element is clamped between a side face of the vibration elements averted from the measuring tube, which presses the respective vibration element against the measuring tube. The control device drives the vibration elements such that they excite a guided wave in a side wall of the measuring tube guided directly in the side wall or indirectly via the fluid to a second vibration transducer arranged at the measuring tube or back to the first vibration transducer, to be detected there by the control device resulting in measurement data. The control device determines the fluid variable depending on the measurement data.

MEASURING APPARATUS, AND MEASURING METHOD

A measuring apparatus includes a determining unit configured to determine propagation paths through which acoustic waves propagate. The acoustic waves are transmitted from one or more transmitters, pass through a predetermined region and are received by one or more receivers. The measuring apparatus includes a controlling unit configured to control the transmitters such that acoustic waves are transmitted and propagate through the propagation paths determined by the determining unit. The measuring apparatus includes an identifying unit configured to identify each of propagation times required for each of the acoustic waves transmitted in response to the control by the controlling unit to propagate each of the propagation paths. The measuring apparatus includes a measuring unit configured to measure an air characteristic of the predetermined region based on the propagation times identified by the identifying unit and length of the propagation paths. 1. A measuring apparatus comprising:a determining unit configured to determine propagation paths through which acoustic waves propagate, wherein the acoustic waves are transmitted from one or more transmitters, pass through a predetermined region and are received by one or more receivers;a controlling unit configured to control the transmitters such that the acoustic waves are transmitted and propagate through the propagation paths determined by the determining unit;an identifying unit configured to identify each of propagation times required for each of the acoustic waves transmitted in response to the control by the controlling unit to propagate each of the propagation paths; anda measuring unit configured to measure an air characteristic of the predetermined region based on the propagation times identified by the identifying unit and length of the propagation paths.2. The measuring apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measuring unit measures the air characteristic of the predetermined region by identifying propagation ...

TIDAL CURRENT METER

Disclosed is a tidal current meter that measures the velocity of a tidal current. The tidal current meter includes an oscillator, a calculation section, a depression angle setup section, and a drive section. The oscillator is capable of transmitting an ultrasonic wave into water and receiving the reflection of the transmitted ultrasonic wave. The calculation section calculates the velocity in accordance with the Doppler shift frequency of the reflection received by the oscillator. The depression angle setup section sets a depression angle, that is, the angle formed by the transmission direction of the ultrasonic wave and a horizontal plane. The drive section drives the oscillator in such a manner as to transmit the ultrasonic wave and receive the reflection of the transmitted ultrasonic wave at the depression angle set by the depression angle setup section. 1. A tidal current meter that measures the velocity of a tidal current , the tidal current meter comprising:an oscillator that is capable of transmitting an ultrasonic wave into water and receiving the reflection of the transmitted ultrasonic wave;a calculation section that calculates the velocity in accordance with the Doppler shift frequency of the reflection received by the oscillator;a depression angle setup section that sets a depression angle, the depression angle being the angle formed by the transmission direction of the ultrasonic wave and a horizontal plane; anda drive section that drives the oscillator in such a manner as to transmit the ultrasonic wave and receive the reflection of the transmitted ultrasonic wave at the depression angle set by the depression angle setup section.2. The tidal current meter according to claim 1 , further comprising:a depth setup section that sets the depth of water at which the velocity is to be measured;wherein the depression angle setup section sets the depression angle in accordance with the depth set by the depth setup section.3. The tidal current meter according to ...

MEASURING TUBE FOR A FLOW MEASURING DEVICE AND FLOW MEASURING DEVICE

A measuring tube for a flow measuring device, wherein the measuring tube has a measuring tube axis A and a measuring tube wall. The measuring tube has a branch with a branch axis B and a wall of the branch, wherein the wall of the branch is arranged on the measuring tube wall, and the wall of the branch is connected with the measuring tube wall by a welded joint. In the transitional region between the wall of the branch and the measuring tube wall there is a specially embodied thickening of the material, which is either part of the wall of the branch or part of the measuring tube wall. 110-. (canceled)11. A measuring tube for a flow measuring device , comprising:a measuring tube axis;a measuring tube wall; anda branch with a branch axis and a wall of said branch, wherein:the wall of said branch is arranged on said measuring tube wall and is connected with said measuring tube wall by a welded joint;the course of an outer contour of said measuring tube defines in at least one cutting plane defined by said branch axis and said measuring tube axis a transitional region, in which the outer contour transfers from a course parallel to said measuring tube axis to a course parallel to said branch axis, said measuring tube wall and/or the wall of said branch have/has in said transitional region a thickening of material surrounding said branch axis, said thickening has in cross section a straight sloped surface or a rounded surface, said thickening is part of the wall of said branch or part of said measuring tube wall, and said sloped surface or rounded surface forms a subsection of the outer contour of said measuring tube, said thickening has a starting point, where the wall thickness of said measuring tube wall or the wall of said branch increases relative to a preceding section and an end point;said sloped surface or said rounded surface transitions into an adjoining section;lines extend respectively from the starting point and from the end point with a first of these lines ...

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO DETECTION OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

A method of setting up gates for athletes in a sports training area. The gates are positioned relative to each other using signals between the gates, typically in consecutive pairs. Performance parameters such as speed and agility of the athletes can then be determined. The signals enable time-of-flight measurements and therefore distance measurements between the gates which enable the relative positioning. Signals are typically but not necessarily ultrasound. Required positions of a plurality of gates are first laid out by the user as a screen pattern on a supervisory device. A method of determining wind speed between sports training gates using ultrasound signals is also provided to enable more accurate detection of athlete performance. 117-. (canceled)18. A method of setting up a pattern of gates in a sports training area , including:selecting or creating the pattern onscreen using a supervisory device,activating the gates from the supervisory device,starting layout of the pattern by placing a first gate at a first required position in the training area,walking a second gate to an initial position in the training area,measuring ultrasound signals between the gates to determine distance between the gates,determining current position of the second gate in relation to a second required position according to the measured signals,determining whether the current position of the second gate is sufficiently close to the second required position,providing guidance via the supervisory device for user relocation of the second gate toward the second required position, andplacing the second gate at the second required position to form part of the pattern.19. The method according to claim 18 , further including:determining that the current position of the second gate is not sufficiently close to the second required position, andproviding further guidance for user relocation of the second gate toward the second required position.20. The method according to claim 19 , further ...

DRIVING ASSISTANCE APPARATUS AND METHOD

The present invention relates to a driving assistance apparatus for a vehicle, and comprises: a wind sensor, which assigns in advance, through wind tunnel tests and the like, a driving stability region in which driving stability of the vehicle is maintained, and is attached to one side of the vehicle so as to measure two-dimensional wind direction and wind speed; and a processor for determining driving stability by using the driving speed of the vehicle and information of the wind direction and the wind speed which are measured by the wind sensor. 1. A driving assistance apparatus for a vehicle , the apparatus comprising:a wind sensor configured to be attached to one side of the vehicle and measure a wind direction and a wind speed; anda processor configured to compare a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the wind with a predetermined driving stability region using a driving speed of the vehicle and information about the wind direction and the wind speed, which are measured by the wind sensor, to determine driving stability.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a display unit configured to display the driving stability region and the driving stability.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a notification unit configured to provide a notification of a warning message when the relative speed of the vehicle gets out of the predetermined driving stability region.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wind sensor is attached to a bonnet or a roof of the vehicle.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a controller configured to decelerate the vehicle or separately control a direction and a rotational speed of each wheel when the relative speed of the vehicle gets out of the predetermined driving stability region.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wind sensor is any one of a multi-hole pressure probe claim 1 , an ultrasonic wind anemometer claim 1 , a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) claim 1 , a particle image velocimetry ( ...

Airborne sound transducer for use in precipitation and thaw conditions

An airborne sound transducer comprises an electromechanical transducer, an air impedance matching layer arranged on an acoustically active surface of the electromechanical transducer, and a cover arranged on the air impedance matching layer, an outer surface of the cover forming an exposed acoustic area of the airborne sound transducer. The outer surface is hydrophilic such that a contact angle of water on the outer surface is less than 60°.

Ultrasonic flow meter with digitally under-sampled flow measurements

The invention relates to a method of operating an ultrasonic flow meter by digitally sampling received signals. Acoustic wave packets are transmitted through a measuring distance in opposite directions, and the received signals are digitized at a sampling frequency being below the Nyquist-limit of two times the signal frequency of the wave packet to generate digitized under-sampled signals 31. From the digitized under-sampled signals, the difference in propagation time along the measuring distance is determined.

SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method for determining a flow speed of a liquid in a fluid conduit is provided. During a signal-generating phase, an impulse signal is applied to a first ultrasonic transducer. A response signal is then received at a second ultrasonic transducer. A measuring signal is later derived from the response signal, wherein the derivation comprises reversing a signal portion with respect to time. During a measurement phase, a liquid moves with respect to the fluid conduit. The measuring signal is then applied to one of the two transducers and a response signal of the measuring signal is measured at the other transducer. A flow speed is derived from the response signal of the measuring signal. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit , the method comprising:applying an impulse signal to a first ultrasonic transducer, the first ultrasonic transducer being mounted to the fluid conduit at a first location,receiving a response signal of the impulse signal at a second ultrasonic transducer, the second ultrasonic transducer being located at the fluid conduit at a second location, digitizing the response signal or a signal derived therefrom with respect to amplitude, and', 'selecting a signal portion of the response signal or of a signal derived therefrom and reversing the signal portion with respect to time, the reversal of the signal portion comprising reversing an order of recorded samples of the received response signal,', 'storing the pre-determined measuring signal for later use,, 'deriving a pre-determined measuring signal from the response signal, the derivation of the pre-determined measuring signal comprisingproviding the fluid conduit with a fluid that has a predetermined velocity with respect to the fluid conduit,applying the pre-determined measuring signal to one of the first and the second ultrasonic transducers, the measuring signal comprising a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of an impulse signal or of ...

Ultrasonic Flow Probe And Method Of Monitoring Fluid Flow In A Conduit

An ultrasonic flow probe () comprising a mounting member () for mounting on a surface of a conduit and thereby defining a mounting axis (B) perpendicular to the surface, a frame () mounted on the mounting member (), and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers () mounted on the frame () and aligned along a primary axis (A); wherein the frame () and mounting member () are configurable such that the primary axis (A) is at an angle to the mounting axis (B) so that, in use, ultrasound passing between the transducers () travels at an angle to fluid flowing in the conduit. 1. An ultrasonic flow probe comprising:a mounting member for mounting on a surface of a conduit and thereby defining a mounting axis perpendicular to the surface,a frame mounted on the mounting member, anda plurality of ultrasonic transducers mounted on the frame and aligned along a primary axis;wherein the frame and mounting member are configurable such that the primary axis is at an angle to the mounting axis so that, in use, ultrasound passing between the transducers travels at an angle to fluid flowing in the conduit.2. An ultrasonic flow probe according to claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises two arms claim 1 , wherein an ultrasonic transducer is mounted on each arm.3. An ultrasonic flow probe according to claim 1 , wherein the angle between the primary axis and the mounting axis is in the range from greater than zero degrees to less than 90 degrees.4. An ultrasonic flow probe according to claim 1 , wherein the frame is mounted on the mounting member such that the angle between the primary axis and the mounting axis is adjustable.5. An ultrasonic flow probe according to claim 1 , wherein the angle between the primary axis and mounting axis is adjustable to a first angle claim 1 , to permit insertion of the probe into a conduit claim 1 , and to a second angle claim 1 , for taking a measurement.6. An ultrasonic flow probe according to claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic flow probe comprises an actuation ...

WIND DIRECTION AND WIND VELOCITY MEASURING APPARATUS FOR WIND TURBINE, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING YAW ANGLE OF WIND TURBINE BY USING SAME

A technical object of the present disclosure is to provide an anemometer for a wind turbine which is capable of precisely measuring a wind velocity and a wind direction. To this end, an anemometer for a wind turbine of the present disclosure is an anemometer for a wind turbine which is used for a wind turbine including a plurality of rotating blades and a hub which is equipped at a rotation center of the plurality of rotating blades and has a nosecone and is equipped in the nosecone. 1. An anemometer for a wind turbine which is used for a wind turbine including a plurality of rotating blades and a hub which is equipped at a rotation center of the plurality of rotating blades and has a nosecone ,wherein the anemometer is equipped in the nosecone.2. The anemometer according to claim 1 , comprising:a first ultrasonic sensor which oscillates a first ultrasonic wave and receives a second ultrasonic wave;a second ultrasonic sensor which oscillates the second ultrasonic wave and receives the first ultrasonic wave;a third ultrasonic sensor which oscillates a third ultrasonic wave in a first direction intersecting the first ultrasonic wave and receives a fourth ultrasonic wave in a second direction opposing to the first direction; anda fourth ultrasonic sensor which oscillates the fourth ultrasonic wave in the second direction and receives the third ultrasonic wave in the first direction,wherein the first and second ultrasonic sensors measure a first wind velocity in the same direction as the transmitting direction of the first ultrasonic wave andthe third and fourth ultrasonic sensors measure a second wind velocity in the same direction as the transmitting direction of the third ultrasonic wave.4. The anemometer according to claim 3 , wherein the support unit includes:a center support shaft which is equipped in the nosecone to be disposed to coincide with an axial direction of the rotary shaft;a first support member which is branched at a distal end of the center support ...

ACOUSTIC SOURCES FOR AIR DATA SYSTEMS

An ultrasonic air data system (UADS) can include a body configured to mount to an aircraft, an acoustic signal shaping feature associated with the body, and an acoustic source operatively connected to the acoustic signal shaping feature, the acoustic source configured to emit a directional acoustic signal. The acoustic signal shaping feature can be configured to reshape the directional acoustic signal from the acoustic source into an at least partially reshaped signal. The system can include one or more acoustic receivers disposed on or at least partially within the body for receiving the reshaped signal. 1. An ultrasonic air data system , comprising:a body configured to mount to an aircraft;an acoustic signal shaping feature associated with the body;a SASAR acoustic source operatively connected to the acoustic signal shaping feature, the acoustic source configured to emit a directional acoustic signal, wherein the directional acoustic signal is a highly coherent beam, wherein the acoustic signal shaping feature is configured to reshape the directional acoustic signal from the acoustic source into an at least partially reshaped signal; andone or more acoustic receivers disposed on or at least partially within the body for receiving the reshaped signal.2. (canceled)3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SASAR acoustic source includes a generator configured to generate the acoustic signal claim 1 , and a gate configured to selectively pass the acoustic signal.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic signal shaping feature includes a waveguide recessed from an outermost surface of the body.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the acoustic signal shaping feature includes a horn operatively connected to the acoustic source.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the horn is disposed in the waveguide such that it does not protrude past the outer most surface of the body.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more acoustic receivers are disposed in the body at the ...

WIND SENSOR HOUSING

A housing is provided for a wind sensor . A sensing element is mounted in the housing to measure the speed of the passing fluid flow, and the housing comprises at least one surface having shaped surface elements , such as protrusions from and/or indentations in the surface , for inducing turbulence in fluid flowing across the surface . The turbulence caused by the shaped surface elements results in the speed measured by the wind sensor being less affected by uncontrolled transitions between laminar and turbulent airflow, and thus enables more accurate calibration of the wind sensor 1. A housing for a wind sensor , the housing comprising:a first housing body having a cylindrical cross-section, a second housing body having a cylindrical cross-section, a first reflector in the first housing body and a second reflector in the second housing body and coaxially mounted with the first reflector so as to define a resonant cavity between the first reflector and the second reflector, the first reflector comprising sensing elements configured to sense a speed of a fluid flowing in the resonant cavity using acoustic resonance;the housing having at least one surface comprising one or more shaped surface element(s) for inducing turbulence in fluid flowing across the surface, comprising the one or more shaped surface element(s);wherein the one or more shaped surface element(s) are arranged on a surface extending around the perimeter of the first housing body and/or of the second housing body and/or within the resonant cavity.2. The housing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one shaped surface element comprises a protrusion from the surface.3. The housing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one shaped surface element comprises a recess in the surface.4. The housing as claimed claim 1 , wherein at least one shaped surface element is integral with the surface.5. The housing as claimed claim 1 , comprising a plurality of shaped surface elements claim 1 , wherein shaped ...

ULTRASOUND WIND MEASUREMENT DEVICE AND METHOD

The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic wind measurement device and an ultrasonic wind measurement method, so as to measure a wind speed and a wind direction in an environment using transmission characteristics of an ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic wind measurement device includes: an ultrasonic transducer group configured to generate ultrasonic resonance in a wind measurement cavity receiving the ultrasonic transducer group; a transmission module configured to drive any ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer group to transmit an ultrasonic wave; a transmission-reception conversion module configured to perform a link switching operation on the ultrasonic transducer group in accordance with a predetermined control command; a reception module configured to receive the ultrasonic wave; a collection module configured to acquire original data about the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave; an FPGA processing chip configured to process the original data so as to acquire time data; and a processor control module configured to acquire a current wind speed and a current wind direction through calculation in accordance with the time data. According to the present disclosure, due to a short ultrasonic transmission distance, it is able to ensure the measurement accuracy. In addition, due to a small volume, it is able to facilitate the installation of the ultrasonic wind measurement device.

ACOUSTIC AIR DATA SYSTEM

An acoustic air data sensing system includes an acoustic transmitter and a plurality of acoustic receivers. The acoustic transmitter is located to transmit an acoustic signal into airflow about an exterior of a vehicle. Each of the acoustic receivers is located at a respective angle from a wind angle reference line and a respective distance from the acoustic transmitter. Planar components of a velocity of the airflow are determined based on signal velocities of the acoustic signal to each of the plurality of acoustic receivers and the respective angles of the acoustic receivers from the wind angle reference line. Based on the planar components, the acoustic transmitter determines one or more of true airspeed and relative wind angle of the airflow about the exterior of the vehicle. The acoustic transmitter outputs the one or more of the true airspeed and the relative wind angle for operational control of the vehicle. 1. An acoustic air data sensing system comprising:an acoustic transmitter located to transmit an acoustic signal into airflow about an exterior of a vehicle;a plurality of acoustic receivers, each of the plurality of acoustic receivers located at a respective angle from a wind angle reference line and a respective distance from the acoustic transmitter to receive the acoustic signal transmitted by the acoustic transmitter; and determine respective times of flight of the acoustic signal from the acoustic transmitter to each of the plurality of acoustic receivers;', 'determine signal velocities of the acoustic signal to each of the plurality of acoustic receivers based on the respective distances and respective times of flight of the acoustic signal from the acoustic transmitter to the acoustic receivers;', 'determine planar components of a velocity of the airflow about the exterior of the vehicle based on the signal velocities and the respective angles of the acoustic receivers from the wind angle reference line', 'determine a speed of sound in the ...

Flow measurement

An undershot gate system controls flow of liquid through an open channel or pipe. The system includes a gate leaf adapted to be raised and lowered by a control means to allow flow of liquid along the open channel or pipe. The gate leaf has a flow diverter at an end of the gate leaf to guide liquid under the gate leaf and through an opening when the gate leaf is in an open position.

Estimates of Flow Velocity With Controlled Spatio-Temporal Variations in Contrast Media Properties

Provided herein are improved methods for estimating the flow velocity of a fluid in a vessel. Systems and methods are provided herein related to making and/or refining velocity measurements for flowing fluids, both single and multi-phase fluids, in vessels, such as pipes or conduits, utilizing contrast media property agent variations. In one aspect, this disclosure provides a method of determining a flow velocity of a fluid flow in a vessel including: providing a fluid flow having contrast media, the contrast media having a contrast media property variation; providing a detectable signal corresponding to the contrast media property variation; collecting the detectable signal at an upstream receiver to produce a first received signal; collecting the detectable signal at a downstream receiver to produce a second received signal, the downstream receiver being located downstream of the upstream receiver at a distance (L); filtering the first received signal and the second received signal through a contrast media variant filter to produce a first filtered signal and a second filtered signal; cross-correlating the first filtered signal and the second filtered signal to determine a time shift (Δt) between the first filtered signal and the second filtered signal; and estimating the velocity of the fluid flow using this relationship vflow=L/Δt.

Angle Independent Velocity Spectrum Determination

An ultrasound imaging system ( 100 ) includes a transducer array ( 102 ) that emits an ultrasound beam and produces at least one transverse pulse-echo field that oscillates in a direction transverse to the emitted ultrasound beam and that receive echoes produced in response thereto and a spectral velocity estimator ( 110 ) that determines a velocity spectrum for flowing structure, which flows at an angle of 90 degrees and flows at angles less than 90 degrees with respect to the emitted ultrasound beam, based on the received echoes.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WIND VELOCITY

In one embodiment, a system includes a vehicle, one or more probes coupled to the vehicle, and a controller. The vehicle is operable to traverse a distance. The one or more probes are operable to measure wind pressure and generate one or more wind pressure measurements. The controller is operable to receive the one or more wind pressure measurements from the one or more probes, determine a wind angle relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements, and determine a wind speed relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements and the wind angle. 1. A system , comprising:a vehicle operable to traverse a distance;one or more probes coupled to the vehicle, wherein the one or more probes are operable to measure wind pressure and generate one or more wind pressure measurements; and receive the one or more wind pressure measurements from the one or more probes;', 'determine a wind angle relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements; and', 'determine a wind speed relative to the vehicle using the one or more wind pressure measurements and the wind angle., 'a controller, wherein the controller is operable to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:the controller is located within the vehicle; andthe controller determines the wind speed when the vehicle is in motion.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more probes coupled to the vehicle are located in compliance with one or more clearance plate diagram standards.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein:the one or more probes comprise a first probe and a second probe;the first probe is coupled to a top surface of a front portion of the vehicle on a first side of the top surface;the second probe is coupled to the top surface of the front portion of the vehicle on a second side of the top surface opposite the first side; andat least one of the first probe and the second probe is coupled to the vehicle outside of aerodynamic separation zones over 360 degrees ...

ACOUSTIC ANGLE-OF-ATTACK SENSOR

An angle-of-attack sensor includes at least one acoustic transmitter is configured to provide an acoustic pulse. The first acoustic receiver is positioned at a radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter. The first acoustic receiver is configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a first time and provide a first receiver signal. The second acoustic receiver is positioned at the radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter aligned with an axis that extends through the at least one acoustic transmitter and the first acoustic receiver. The second acoustic receiver is configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a second time and provide a second receiver signal. The angle-of-attack circuitry is configured to determine a delay difference between the first and second receiver signals representative of a difference between the first time and the second time and determine an angle-of-attack based upon the delay difference. 1. An angle-of-attack sensor comprising:at least one acoustic transmitter configured to provide an acoustic pulse; receive the acoustic pulse at a first time; and', 'provide a first receiver signal;, 'a first acoustic receiver positioned at a radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter, the first acoustic receiver configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a second time; and', 'provide a second receiver signal; and, 'a second acoustic receiver positioned at the radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter, the second acoustic receiver configured to determine a delay difference between the first and second receiver signals representative of a difference between the first time and the second time;', 'determine an angle-of-attack based upon the delay difference., 'angle-of-attack circuitry configured to2. The angle-of-attack sensor of claim 1 , wherein the angle-of-attack circuitry comprises:polynomial fit circuitry configured to determine a polynomial based upon the delay difference and the position ...

Wake Vortex Avoidance System and Method

A wake vortex avoidance system includes a microphone array configured to detect low frequency sounds. A signal processor determines a geometric mean coherence based on the detected low frequency sounds. A display displays wake vortices based on the determined geometric mean coherence.

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR AN ULTRASOUND CLAMP-ON FLOW MEASUREMENT AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROL OF AN ULTRASOUND CLAMP-ON FLOW MEASUREMENT

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for an ultrasound clamp-on flow measurement according to the transit-time method. The problem addressed by the invention is to provide a measurement arrangement for clamp-on flow measurement, which enables measurement using only two pairs of acoustic transducers in both reflection configuration and in X configuration, without requiring the acoustic transducer position to be changed when switching between configurations. For the method according to the invention, at least four acoustic transducers are arranged on a measurement pipe, which are controlled in such a way that the flow measurement is performed consecutively in an alternating manner in the X configuration and in the reflection configuration. For this purpose, two acoustic transducers are connected for each transmission-receiving pair for a flow measurement in X configuration, and/or two acoustic transducers are connected for each transmission-receiving pair for two reflection configurations. 17-. (canceled)8. A method for an ultrasonic clamp-on flow measurement according to a transit time method , the method comprising:arranging four acoustic transducers on a measurement pipe;controlling the four acoustic transducers by a control unit such that the flow measurement is performed consecutively in an X configuration and in a reflection configuration.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein in each case two top claim 8 , adjacent right and left acoustic transducers lie opposite to two bottom claim 8 , adjacent right and left acoustic transducers claim 8 , and the top left acoustic transducer is connected to the bottom right acoustic transducer and the top right acoustic transducer to the bottom left acoustic transducer to form one transmit/receive pair each for a flow measurement in the X configuration and the top left acoustic transducer is connected to the top right acoustic transducer and the bottom left acoustic transducer to the bottom right ...

ACOUSTIC AIR DATA SENSING SYSTEMS WITH SKIN FRICTION SENSORS

An acoustic air data sensing system includes an acoustic transmitter, a plurality of acoustic receivers, and a skin friction sensor. The acoustic transmitter is located to transmit an acoustic signal into airflow about an exterior of a vehicle. Each of the acoustic receivers is located at a respective angle from a wind angle reference line and a respective distance from the acoustic transmitter. The skin fiction sensor is positioned in a boundary layer region of the airflow that interacts with the acoustic receivers and transmitter. Based on time of flight values of the acoustic signal from the transmitter to each of the receivers and a skin friction measurement from the skin friction sensor as inputs to a transformation matrix, the acoustic air data sensing system outputs, from the transformation matrix, the true airspeed, the relative wind angle, and the speed of sound for operational control of the vehicle. 1. An acoustic air data sensing system comprising:an acoustic transmitter located on a vehicle being configured to transmit an acoustic signal into airflow about an exterior of the vehicle;a plurality of acoustic receivers, each of the plurality of acoustic receivers located at a respective angle from a wind angle reference line and a respective distance from the acoustic transmitter being configured to receive the acoustic signal;a skin friction sensor positioned in a boundary layer region of the airflow that interacts with the acoustic transmitter and the plurality of acoustic receivers; and determine respective times of flight of the acoustic signal from the acoustic transmitter to each of the plurality of acoustic receivers;', 'determine a measured skin friction value indicative of a parameter of the boundary layer region;', 'determine at least one of a true airspeed of the airflow, a relative wind angle of the airflow, and a speed of sound in the airflow based on the respective times of flight of the acoustic signal and the measured skin friction value; ...

Flowmeter and Method

A flowmeter for detecting fluid flow rates in a pipe includes a tube having a channel disposed in the pipe through which fluid in the pipe flows. The flowmeter includes an upstream transducer in contact with the pipe and positioned so plane waves generated by the upstream transducer propagates through the channel. The flowmeter includes a downstream transducer in contact with the pipe and positioned so plane waves generated by the downstream transducer propagate through the channel and are received by the upstream transducer which produces an upstream transducer signal. The downstream transducer receives the plane waves from the upstream transducer and provides a downstream transducer signal. The flowmeter includes a controller in communication with the upstream and downstream transducers which calculate fluid flow rate from the upstream transducer signal and the downstream transducer signal. A method for detecting fluid flow rates in a pipe.

Acoustic structural reflection interference mitigation systems, methods, and devices

Methods, systems, and devices for acoustic structural reflection interference mitigation are provided in accordance with various embodiments. For example, some embodiments may provide for structural reflection interference mitigation for compact three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometers. Some embodiments include a method that may include transmitting a first acoustic signal from a first acoustic transmitter. At least a first portion of the first acoustic signal from the first acoustic transmitter may be hindered from being received at a first acoustic receiver. At least a second portion of the first acoustic signal from the first acoustic transmitter may be received at the first acoustic receiver along an acoustic propagation path. In some embodiments, the first acoustic transmitter may include a wide-beam transmitter. Some embodiments may utilize four wide-beam transducers positioned at apices of a tetrahedron.

STABILIZED MICRO SPATIAL WIND VECTOR DETECTION APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A wind detection apparatus detects wind vectors across a predetermined area at high resolution from a floating support. The apparatus includes a Doppler-based wind vector detection unit configured to detect wind direction, velocity, and turbulence, at selected intervals over the predetermined area. A stabilizer supports the wind vector detection unit and is configured to hold it level relative to a predetermined two-dimensional plane. A processor is provided for rendering the wind vector data into a combined representation of wind patterns across the predetermined area, and the processor continuously updates the rendered combined representation of wind patterns in tandem with the detection unit. 1. A wind detection apparatus for detecting wind direction and velocity across a predetermined area at high resolution from a floating support , the apparatus comprising:a Doppler-based wind vector detection unit configured to detect the wind direction and the velocity, and areas of wind turbulence at one meter or greater intervals over the predetermined area and translate the detected wind direction and the velocity into wind direction and velocity data;a stabilizer coupled to the Doppler-based wind vector detection unit, the stabilizer configured to hold the detection unit level relative to a predetermined two-dimensional plane;a processor in electronic communication with the Doppler-based wind vector detection unit configured to render the wind direction and velocity data into a combined representation of wind patterns across the predetermined area; andthe processor continuously updating the rendered combined representation of wind patterns in tandem with the detection unit.2. A wind detection apparatus for detecting wind direction and velocity across a predetermined area at high resolution from a floating support , the apparatus comprising:a detection unit configured to detect the wind direction and the velocity at intervals of twenty meters or less over the ...

WIND MEASUREMENT APPARATUS BASED ON 3D NON-ORTHOGONAL ULTRASONIC SENSOR ARRAY

The present invention provides a wind measurement apparatus based on 3D (three dimensional) non-orthogonal ultrasonic sensor array, the ultrasonic sensor array is composed of two group of ultrasonic sensors, which are centrosymmetrically located at opposite sides, and the angle formed by connecting any two ultrasonic sensors at a side to the symmetry point O is less than 90°, the arrangement of 3D non-orthogonal ultrasonic sensor array reduces the generation of turbulence, thus, the accurate wind speed and wind direction is obtained. In the mean time, the central channel is employed to obtain a reference wind speed v. Comparing the speed component valong central channel of the wind under measurement with the reference wind speed v, if the difference is less than a present threshold, then computing module outputs the measurement results, or discards them, thus the wind measurement accuracy is further improved. 1. A wind measurement apparatus based on 3D (three dimensional) non-orthogonal ultrasonic sensor array , comprising a 3D non-orthogonal ultrasonic sensor array , a computing module and a comparator , wherein:the 3D non-orthogonal ultrasonic sensor array comprises eight ultrasonic sensors, the first four ultrasonic sensors are mounted at one side, the arrangement of the first four ultrasonic sensors is that one is at the center, the other three around it and form a equilateral triangle;the second four ultrasonic sensors are mounted at the opposite side, the arrangement of the second four ultrasonic sensors is that one is at the center, the other three around it and form a equilateral triangle, the arrangement of the second four ultrasonic sensors is the centrosymmetric arrangement of the first four ultrasonic sensors;the symmetry point of the first four ultrasonic sensors and the second four ultrasonic sensors is O, the angle formed by connecting any two ultrasonic sensors at a side to the symmetry point O is less than 90°;{'sub': ref', '1', '2', '3, 'two ...

ARTICULATING MOORED PROFILER SYSTEM

The present invention relates to profiler systems and methods for observing and sensing aspects of a body of water at a plurality of depths. A water profiler is disclosed comprising, generally, a vessel body connected to an external mooring mechanism via an attachment mechanism, a drive mechanism for maneuvering the vessel body longitudinally about the mooring mechanism; an articulating mechanism; and a sensor array capable of measuring a parameter for study wherein the vessel body is capable of articulating about the mooring mechanism. In alternate embodiments, the articulation allows the vessel body to be placed in relation with the three dimensional current such that at least one sensor is positioned into the current so as to sample or measure undisturbed water. In alternate embodiments, hydrofoils or wings are mounted to the vessel body that can be manipulated to harness the current force and maneuver the vessel body. 1. A submerged profiling device , comprising:a vessel body comprising a leading end opposing a tail section;a power source;an articulating mechanism connected to said vessel body and adapted to align said vessel body relative to a water current flow; andan attachment mechanism engaged with said articulating mechanism and adapted to mount onto a mooring mechanism.2. The device of further comprising a sensor array comprising one or more sensors adapted to measure at least one parameter claim 1 , said sensor array being integrated onto or within said vessel body.3. The device of further comprising a lift assist system comprising one or more of a wing set claim 1 , and a fin set; wherein said lift assist system is adapted to increase or decrease the force of the water current flow impacting said lift system claim 1 , generating a lift force.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein said lift assist system is further adjustable claim 3 , and configured to make one or more adjustments to increase or decrease the amount of the generated lift force.5. The device ...

WIND VELOCITY SENSOR FOR A VEHICLE

A wind velocity sensor comprises a lower platform and an upper platform. Pillars are positioned or connected between the upper platform and the lower platform. Ultrasonic sensors are secured to corresponding ones of the pillars. A lower guard member extends outwardly from a reference ultrasonic sensor by a radial distance greater than a radial separation between any pair of the ultrasonic sensors. 1. A wind velocity sensor comprising:a lower platform;an upper platform;a plurality of pillars between and connected to the upper platform and the lower platform;a plurality of ultrasonic sensors secured to corresponding ones of the pillars;an lower guard member extending outwardly from one of the ultrasonic sensors by a radial distance greater than a radial separation between any pair of the ultrasonic sensors.2. The wind sensor according to further comprising an upper guard member extending outwardly from one of the ultrasonic sensors by a radial distance greater than a radial separation between any pair of the ultrasonic sensors.3. The wind sensor according to wherein the upper guard member is substantially annular and substantially planar.4. The wind sensor according to wherein the upper guard member is secured to at least a portion of a lower surface of the upper platform.5. The wind sensor according to wherein the upper guard member is adhesively bonded to at least a portion of the lower surface of the upper platform.6. The wind sensor according to wherein the upper guard member has a shoulder claim 2 , collar or hub for mating with an outer perimeter of the upper platform.7. The wind sensor according to wherein the shoulder claim 6 , collar or hub has a press-fitted connection onto the outer perimeter of the upper platform.8. The wind sensor according to wherein the lower guard member is substantially annular and substantially planar.9. The wind sensor according to wherein the lower guard member is secured to at least a portion of an upper surface of the lower ...

BEAM SHAPING ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TRAVEL TIME FLOW METER

A method and corresponding device are provided for determining a flow speed in a fluid conduit. The fluid conduit is provided with first, second and third ultrasonic transducers, wherein respective connection lines between transducers extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit. First and second measuring signals are applied to the first ultrasonic transducer and received at the second and the third ultrasonic transducer, respectively. The measuring signals comprise a respective reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal. Respective first and second response signals are measured and the flow speed is derived from at least one of the first and second response signals. 1. A method for determining a flow speed of a fluid in a fluid conduit comprising:providing the fluid conduit with a fluid that has a predetermined velocity with respect to the fluid conduit 'wherein respective connection lines between the first ultrasonic transducer, the second ultrasonic transducer and the third ultrasonic transducer extend outside of a symmetry axis of the fluid conduit,', 'providing the fluid conduit with a first ultrasonic transducer, a second ultrasonic transducer and a third ultrasonic transducer,'}applying a first measuring signal to the first ultrasonic transducer, andmeasuring a first response signal of the first measuring signal at the second ultrasonic transducer,applying a second measuring signal to the first ultrasonic transducer, 'wherein the first measuring signal and the second measuring signal respectively comprise a reversed signal portion with respect to time of a response signal of a corresponding arbitrary waveform generator signal or of a signal derived therefrom,', 'measuring a second response signal of the second measuring signal at the third ultrasonic transducer,'}deriving a flow speed of the fluid from at least one of the first response signal and the second response signal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: ...

DOPPLER SHIFT FREQUENCY MEASURING DEVICE, LOG SPEED METER AND TIDAL CURRENT METER

A Doppler shift frequency measuring device is provided, which includes a plurality of transmitters respectively configured to transmit a transmission wave, a plurality of receivers provided corresponding to the transmitters, respectively, and configured to receive reception waves that are reflection waves caused by the transmission waves from the transmitters, respectively, and a reception signal processor configured to calculate Doppler shift frequencies of the reception waves by processing reception signals obtained based on the reception waves received by the receivers. The reception signal processor includes a reception circuit configured to generate a synthesized signal by synthesizing processing target signals of which center frequencies of main lobes of power spectra are different from each other, the processing target signals generated based on the reception waves, and a Doppler shift frequency calculating module configured to calculate the Doppler shift frequencies of the reception waves based on the synthesized signal. 1. A Doppler shift frequency measuring device , comprising:a plurality of transmitters respectively configured to transmit a transmission wave;a plurality of receivers provided corresponding to the transmitters, respectively, and configured to receive reception waves that are reflection waves caused by the transmission waves from the transmitters, respectively; anda reception signal processor configured to calculate Doppler shift frequencies of the reception waves by processing reception signals obtained based on the reception waves received by the receivers, a reception circuit configured to generate a synthesized signal by synthesizing processing target signals of which center frequencies of main lobes of power spectra are different from each other, the processing target signals generated based on the reception waves; and', 'a Doppler shift frequency calculating module configured to calculate the Doppler shift frequencies of the reception ...

Apparatus and method for measuring air flow

An apparatus and method for measuring air flow in a duct, e.g. in a ventilation duct, includes a sensor fittable into connection with the duct, the sensor including an ultrasound transmitter and at least two ultrasound receivers, and a control unit to which the ultrasound transmitter and ultrasound receivers are connectable. The control unit is adapted to measure, during the measuring of air flow, the phase difference of an ultrasound signal received at the same moment in time by at least two ultrasound receivers fitted into connection with the duct and, based on the measured phase difference, to determine the flow velocity and/or flow direction of the air. The apparatus is adapted to perform a calibration of the apparatus by transmitting with an ultrasound transmitter at least one calibration signal and by receiving the calibration signal with at least two ultrasound receivers. The apparatus is further adapted to analyze the received calibration signal and based on the analysis to select the parameters to be used in measuring to be such that at least one analysis result of the calibration signal meets predetermined criteria with the parameters.

Acoustic air data systems

An ultrasonic air data system can include a pole having a length longer than a boundary layer thickness of a boundary layer flow such that at least a distal end of the pole is configured to extend outwardly from an aircraft surface to be at least partially outside of the boundary layer flow. The system can include a transmitter disposed on or in the pole at or near the distal end of the pole such that the transmitter is located at least partially outside of the boundary layer flow when in use, wherein the transmitter is configured to output a transmitter signal. The system can include one or more receivers disposed downstream of the pole as defined by the boundary layer flow and configured to receive the transmitter signal.

System and method of non-intrusive thrust measurement

A system and method of non-intrusive thrust measurement of a gas turbine engine. The system comprises a transmitter disposed at a boundary of fluid flow and at least one receiver adapted to receive transmissions from the transmitter. A processor is coupled to the receivers to determine a parameter from a characteristic of the transmission at the receiver suite and adapted to determine a thrust parameter from the parameter. A method for non-intrusively measuring engine thrust includes transmitting a wave across the exhaust plume, receiving the transmitted wave and determining a measurement parameter of the exhaust plume based on a characteristic of the received wave, and comparing the measurement parameter to a reference parameter and determining the thrust based on the comparison.