PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID WITH ENHANCED CATALYST STABILITY

Processes for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof in a liquid phase reaction medium, wherein the reaction medium comprises a finite amount of water, a homogeneous catalyst, an alkyl halide promoter, and a catalyst stabilizer/co-promoter comprising an imidazolium cation RRIm+ as an iodide salt, wherein Rand Rare each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl, with the proviso that Rand Rare not the same. 1. A process for producing acetic acid , the process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'sup': '+', 'reacting carbon monoxide with at least one reactant selected from the group consisting of methanol, methyl acetate, methyl formate, dimethyl ether and mixtures thereof in a reactor containing a reaction medium to produce a reaction product comprising acetic acid, wherein the reaction medium comprises a finite amount of water, a homogeneous catalyst, an alkyl halide promoter, and a catalyst stabilizer comprising an imidazolium cation RRIm as an iodide salt, wherein Rand Rare each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl, with the proviso that Rand Rare not the same; and'}maintaining the reaction medium at a total iodide ion concentration of from 2 to 35 wt. % and an alkyl halide promoter concentration of greater than 1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the reaction medium.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the imidazolium cation is maintained in the reaction medium at a concentration of from 1.5 wt. % to 28 wt. % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the reaction medium.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water concentration in the reaction medium is maintained at from 0.1 wt. % to 8 wt. %.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process has a carbonylation rate from 10 to 40 mol/l/hr.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process has a carbonylation rate from 15 to 20 mol/l/hr.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction medium is ...

Modular high-frequency source with integrated gas distribution

Embodiments described herein include an applicator frame for a processing chamber. In an embodiment, the applicator frame comprises a first major surface of the applicator frame and a second major surface of the applicator frame opposite the first major surface. In an embodiment, the applicator frame further comprises a through hole, wherein the through hole extends entirely through the applicator frame. In an embodiment, the applicator frame also comprises a lateral channel embedded in the applicator frame. In an embodiment the lateral channel intersects the through hole.

New compounds having an element of group 11, 12 or 14 and a tridentate ligand, their preparation process and their use in particular as polymerization catalysts.

Adiponectin variants

Adiponectin variants comprising one or more amino acid modifications to corresponding wild-type adiponectins at positions having predetermined hydrophobicity, predetermined polarity, predetermined electrostatic potential, Met, aromatic amino acid, Cys corresponding to position 152 of SEQ ID NO:1, amino acid affecting isoelectric point of the wild-type or variant adiponectin, amino acid affecting beta sheet formation, helix capping, or dipole interactions, or a combination thereof, wherein the adiponectin variants exhibit improved stability, solubility or soluble expression, expression yield, the ability to induce phosphorylation of AMPK, or a combination thereof, as compared to the corresponding wild-type adiponectins.

一体化されたガス分配装置を有するモジュール型高周波源

【課題】電磁界放射及び／又はプラズマ密度を調整可能なアプリケータフレームを提供する。【解決手段】実施形態は、処理チャンバ向けのアプリケータフレームを含む。一実施形態では、アプリケータフレーム１５０は、アプリケータフレームの第１主要面４５７と、第１主要面の反対側の、アプリケータフレームの第２主要面とを、備える。一実施形態では、アプリケータフレームは、アプリケータフレームを貫通して延在する貫通孔４５２を更に備える。一実施形態では、アプリケータフレームは、アプリケータフレームに埋設された横方向チャネル４５３も備える。一実施形態では、横方向チャネルは貫通孔と交差する。【選択図】図4A

Adiponectin variants

Adiponectin variants comprising one or more amino acid modifications to corresponding wild-type adiponectins at positions having predetermined hydrophobicity, predetermined polarity, predetermined electrostatic potential, Met, aromatic amino acid, Cys corresponding to position 152 of SEQ ID NO:1, amino acid affecting isoelectric point of the wild-type or variant adiponectin, amino acid affecting beta sheet formation, helix capping, or dipole interactions, or a combination thereof, wherein the adiponectin variants exhibit improved stability, solubility or soluble expression, expression yield, the ability to induce phosphorylation of AMPK, or a combination thereof, as compared to the corresponding wild-type adiponectins.

Production of acetic acid with enhanced catalyst stability

Processes for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof in a liquid phase reaction medium, wherein the reaction medium comprises a finite amount of water, a homogeneous catalyst, an alkyl halide promoter, and a catalyst stabilizer/co-promoter comprising an imidazolium cation R 1 R 2 Im+ as an iodide salt, wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not the same.