METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING AN AUDIO SIGNAL

A method of processing an audio signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining spectral data and a loss signal compensation parameter, detecting a loss signal based on the spectral data, generating first compensation data corresponding to the loss signal using a random signal based on the loss signal compensation parameter, and generating a scale factor corresponding to the first compensation data and generating second compensation data by applying the scale factor to the first compensation data.

Method for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signal and Apparatus Thereof

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals. This audio decoding method includes extracting a first audio signal and a first audio parameter in which a music object are encoded on a channel basis and a second audio signal and a second audio parameter in which a vocal object are encoded on an object basis, from an audio signal, generating a third audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio signals, and generating a multi-channel audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio parameters and the third audio signal. Accordingly, the amount of calculation in encoding and decoding processes and the size of a bitstream that is encoded can be reduced efficiently.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an input audio signal; generating rendering information based on input control data; and generating spatial information based on the rendering information and the object-based side information.

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving (a) downmix signal being generated from plural-channel signal and (b) spatial information indicating attribute of the plural-channel signal in order to upmix the downmix signal and including phase shift flag indicating whether phase of a frame of at least one channel of the plural-channel signal is shifted; obtaining inter-channel phase difference (IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from a header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD value is used to frame of the spatial information from the frame based on the IPD coding flag; obtaining the IPD value of parameter band in the frame, based on the IPD mode flag; upmixing plural-channel signal by applying the IPD value to the downmix signal; and shifting the phase of the frame of the at least one channel of the plural-channel signal based on the phase shift flag.

Vertical memory device

A vertical memory device is provided as follows. A substrate has a cell array region and a connection region adjacent to the cell array region. A first gate stack includes gate electrode layers spaced apart from each other in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate. The gate electrode layers extends from the cell array region to the connection region in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to form a first stepped structure on the connection region. The first stepped structure includes a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer sequentially stacked. The second gate electrode layer includes a first region having the same length as a length of the first gate electrode layer and a second region having a shorter length than the length of the first gate electrode layer.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ENCODING AND DECODING OBJECT-BASED AUDIO SIGNALS

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information. 1. An audio decoding method comprising:receiving, by an audio decoding apparatus, a downmix signal comprising at least one object signal, and object-based side information generated when the at least one object signal is downmixed into the downmix signal;receiving, by the audio decoding apparatus, control information for controlling position or level of at least one object signal;receiving, by the audio decoding apparatus, a HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Function) being a transfer function which describes the transmission of sound waves between a sound source at an arbitrary position and the eardrum;generating, by the audio decoding apparatus, binaural parameter information using the object-based side information, the control information and the HRTF; andgenerating, by the audio decoding apparatus, a binaural signal by processing the downmix signal using the binaural parameter information, wherein the binaural signal is virtual 3D signal.2. The audio decoding method of claim 1 , wherein the downmix signal is modified by performing at least one of level adjustment claim 1 , sound image processing and effect addition on the downmix ...

Semiconductor device

A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes and interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked on a substrate, a channel layer penetrating through the gate electrodes and the interlayer insulating layers, and a gate dielectric layer disposed on an external surface of the channel layer between the gate electrodes and the channel layer. In addition, the channel layer includes a first region extended in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate and a second region connected to the first region in a lower portion of the first region and including a plane inclined with respect to the top surface of the substrate.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

Method for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signal and Apparatus Thereof

The present invention relates to a method for encoding and decoding object-based audio signal and an apparatus thereof. The audio decoding method includes extracting a first audio signal in which one or more music objects are grouped and encoded, a second audio signal in which at least two vocal objects are grouped step by step and encoded, and a residual signal corresponding to the second audio signal, from an audio signal, and generating a third audio signal by employing at least one of the first and second audio signals and the residual signal. A multi-channel audio signal is then generated by employing the third audio signal. Accordingly, a variety of play modes can be provided efficiently.

Apparatus and method for processing a time domain audio signal with a noise filling flag

An apparatus and method for processing an audio signal including extracting noise filling flag information indicating whether noise filling is used to a plurality of frames; extracting coding scheme information indicating whether a current frame included in the plurality of frames is coded in either a frequency domain or a time domain; when the noise filling flag information indicates that the noise filling is used for the plurality of frames and the coding scheme information indicates that the current frame is coded in the frequency domain, extracting noise level information for the current frame; when a noise level value corresponding to the noise level information meets a predetermined level, extracting noise offset information for the current frame; and, when the noise offset information is extracted, performs the noise-filling for the current frame based on the noise level value and the noise offset information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an audio signal; generating channel-based side information based on object-based side information and control information for rendering the downmix signal; processing the downmix signal using a decorrelated channel signal; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the processed downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus are provided. The audio signal decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an audio signal; generating a modified downmix signal based on the downmix signal and extracted information which is extracted from the object-based side information; generating channel-based side information based on the object-based side information and control data for rendering the downmix signal; and generating a multi-channel audio signal based on the modified downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving first and second audio signals, which are object-encoded; generating third object energy information based on first object energy information included in the first audio signal and second object energy information included in the second audio signal; and generating a third audio signal by combining the first and second object signals and the third object energy information.

Method and apparatus for processing audio signal using spectral data of audio signal

A method of processing an audio signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving spectral data corresponding to a first band in a frequency band including the first band and a second band, determining a copy band based on frequency information of the copy band corresponding to a partial band of the first band, and generating spectral data of a target band corresponding to the second band using the spectral data of the copy band, wherein the copy band exists in an upper part of the first band.

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

Apparatus for processing a signal and method thereof for determining an LPC coding degree based on reduction of a value of LPC residual

An apparatus for processing a signal and method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes receiving coding mode information indicating a speech coding scheme or an audio coding scheme, linear prediction coding degree information indicating a linear prediction coding degree, and the signal including at least one of a speech signal and an audio signal; decoding the signal according to the speech coding scheme or the audio coding scheme based on the coding mode information; decoding linear prediction coding coefficients of the signal based on the linear prediction coding degree information; and generating an output signal by applying the decoded linear prediction coding coefficients to the decoded signal. In this case, the linear prediction coding degree information is determined based on a variation of a value of an LPC residual generated from performing the linear prediction coding on the signal. It further determines whether or not the said residual decreases by an increase in the linear prediction coding degree, and it determines an appropriate LPC coding degree in each case.

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL AND METHOD THEREOF

An apparatus for processing a signal and method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes receiving coding mode information indicating a speech coding scheme or an audio coding scheme, linear prediction coding degree information indicating a linear prediction coding degree, and the signal including at least one of a speech signal and an audio signal; decoding the signal according to the speech coding scheme or the audio coding scheme based on the coding mode information; decoding linear prediction coding coefficients of the signal based on the linear prediction coding degree information; and generating an output signal by applying the decoded linear prediction coding coefficients to the decoded signal. In this case, the linear prediction coding degree information is determined based on a variation of a value of an LPC residual generated from performing the linear prediction coding on the signal.

Method and an apparatus for a bandwidth extension using different schemes

An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a spectral data of lower band and type information indicating a particular band extension scheme for a current frame of the audio signal from among a plurality of band extension schemes including a first band extension scheme and a second band extension scheme, by an audio processing apparatus; when the type information indicates the first band extension scheme for the current frame, generating a spectral data of higher band in the current frame using the spectral data of lower band by performing the first band extension scheme; and when the type information indicates the second band extension scheme for the current frame, generating the spectral data of higher band in the current frame using the spectral data of lower band by performing the second band extension scheme, wherein the first band extension scheme is based on a first data area of the spectral data of lower ...

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

VERTICAL MEMORY DEVICE

A vertical memory device is provided as follows. A substrate has a cell array region and a connection region adjacent to the cell array region. A first gate stack includes gate electrode layers spaced apart from each other in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate. The gate electrode layers extends from the cell array region to the connection region in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to form a first stepped structure on the connection region. The first stepped structure includes a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer sequentially stacked. The second gate electrode layer includes a first region having the same length as a length of the first gate electrode layer and a second region having a shorter length than the length of the first gate electrode layer. 1. A vertical memory device comprising:a substrate having a cell array region and a connection region adjacent to the cell array region;a plurality of gate electrode layers stacked on the substrate in a vertical direction, the plurality of gate electrode layers including a first group of gate electrode layers which extends in a first horizontal direction from the cell array region to the connection region, each of the first group of gate electrode layers being spaced apart from each other by an insulating layer; anda plurality of channel columns passing through the plurality of gate electrode layers in the vertical direction on the cell array region, a first gate electrode layer on the substrate;', 'a second gate electrode layer stacked on the first gate electrode layer and covering only a portion of the first gate electrode layer at the connection region, thereby exposing a first pad region on the first gate electrode layer;', 'a third gate electrode layer stacked on the second gate electrode layer and covering only a portion of the second gate electrode layer at the connection region, thereby exposing a second pad region on the second gate electrode layer; ...

Method for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signal and Apparatus Thereof

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an object-based audio signal are provided. The method of decoding an object-based audio signal includes extracting a down-mix signal and object-based parameter information from an input audio signal, generating an object-audio signal using the down-mix signal and the object-based parameter information, and generating an object audio signal with three-dimensional (3D) effects by applying 3D information to the object audio signal. Accordingly, it is possible to localize a sound image for each object audio signal and thus provide a vivid sense of reality during the reproduction of object audio signals.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

An apparatus and method for processing an encoded signal are discussed. The method includes: if a coding type of an audio signal is a mixed signal coding type, extracting spectral data and a linear predictive coefficient from the audio signal; generating a residual signal for the linear prediction by performing an inverse frequency conversion on the spectral data; reconstructing the audio signal by performing a linear prediction coding on the linear predictive coefficient and the residual signal; and reconstructing a high frequency region signal using an extension base signal corresponding to a partial region of the reconstructed audio signal and band extension information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a downmix signal generated from plural channel signal and spatial information indicating attribute of the plural channel signal to upmix the downmix signal; obtaining inter-channel phase difference (IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag based on the IPD coding flag from the frame of the spatial information, the IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD value is used to a frame of the spatial information; obtaining the IPD value of parameter band of parameter time slot in the frame, based on the IPD mode flag; smoothing the IPD value by modifying the IPD value by using IPD value of previous parameter time slot; and generating plural channel signal by applying the smoothed IPD value to the downmix signal.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING AN AUDIO SIGNAL

A method of processing an audio signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving spectral data corresponding to a first band in a frequency band including the first band and a second band, determining a copy band based on frequency information of the copy band corresponding to a partial band of the first band, and generating spectral data of a target band corresponding to the second band using the spectral data of the copy band, wherein the copy band exists in an upper part of the first band.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving (a) a downmix signal being generated from plural-channel signal and (b) spatial information indicating attribute of the plural-channel signal, in order to upmix the downmix signal; obtaining inter-channel phase difference(IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from a header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD is used to frame of the spatial information from the frame based on the IPD coding flag; obtaining the IPD value from a parameter band in the frame based on the IPD mode flag; generating plural-channel signal by applying the IPD value to the downmix signal, wherein the spatial information is divided by header and a plurality of the frame and wherein the IPD value indicates phase difference between two channels of the plural-channel signal and wherein the parameter band is at least one sub-band of frequency domain ...

Semiconductor device

A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes and interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked on a substrate, a channel layer penetrating through the gate electrodes and the interlayer insulating layers, and a gate dielectric layer disposed on an external surface of the channel layer between the gate electrodes and the channel layer. In addition, the channel layer includes a first region extended in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate and a second region connected to the first region in a lower portion of the first region and including a plane inclined with respect to the top surface of the substrate.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a downmix signal generated from plural channel signal and spatial information indicating attribute of the plural channel signal to upmix the downmix signal; obtaining inter-channel phase difference (IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag based on the IPD coding flag from the frame of the spatial information, the IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD value is used to a frame of the spatial information; obtaining the IPD value of parameter band of parameter time slot in the frame, based on the IPD mode flag; smoothing the IPD value by modifying the IPD value by using IPD value of previous parameter time slot; and generating plural channel signal by applying the smoothed IPD value to the downmix signal.

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving first and second audio signals, which are object-encoded; generating third object energy information based on first object energy information included in the first audio signal and second object energy information included in the second audio signal; and generating a third audio signal by combining the first and second object signals and the third object energy information.

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal, which is obtained by downmixing a plurality of object signals, and object side information, extracting metadata from the object-side information and displaying an information regarding the object signals based on the metadata.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

Method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving (a) a downmix signal being generated from plural-channel signal and (b) spatial information indicating attribute of the plural-channel signal, in order to upmix the downmix signal; obtaining inter-channel phase difference(IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from a header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD is used to frame of the spatial information from the frame based on the IPD coding flag; obtaining the IPD value from a parameter band in the frame based on the IPD mode flag; generating plural-channel signal by applying the IPD value to the downmix signal, wherein the spatial information is divided by header and a plurality of the frame and wherein the IPD value indicates phase difference between two channels of the plural-channel signal and wherein the parameter band is at least one sub-band of frequency domain ...

Method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

A method of decoding an audio signal, and which includes extracting spectral data and a loss signal compensation parameter from an audio signal bitstream; detecting a loss signal based on the spectral data; generating first compensation data corresponding to the loss signal using a random signal based on the loss signal compensation parameter; generating a scale factor by adding a scale factor difference value to a scale factor reference value if the scale factor corresponds to a band quantized to zero, and the scale factor reference value is included in the loss signal compensation parameter; and generating second compensation data by applying the scale factor to the first compensation data.

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING AN AUDIO SIGNAL AND METHOD THEREOF

An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof are disclosed, by which extracting, by an audio processing apparatus, scheme type information indicating either time excitation scheme or frequency excitation scheme for each of a plurality of subframes included in current frame; when the time excitation scheme is applied to at least one subframe among the plurality of subframes according to the scheme type information, extracting mode information representing bit allocation of codebook index for the current frame; and, when the mode information is extracted, decoding the at least one subframe using the mode information according to the time excitation scheme.

Method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

The present invention includes receiving a plurality of frame data including first frame data and second frame data encoded by at least one coding schemes, obtaining first flag information indicating whether the first frame data and the second frame data are encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, respectively, decoding the first frame data by frequency domain transform coding scheme based on the first flag information when the first frame data is encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, obtaining second flag information indicating whether subframe data is encoded by time domain transform coding scheme or time-frequency domain coding scheme when the second frame data is not encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, the at least two subframe data being included in the second frame data, decoding the subframe data by time domain transform coding scheme or time-frequency domain transform coding scheme based on the second flag information, and compensating ...

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ENCODING AND DECODING OBJECT-BASED AUDIO SIGNALS

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information. 1. An audio decoding method comprising:generating, by an audio decoding apparatus, a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal, each of the first and second downmix signal including at least one object signal;obtaining, by an audio decoding apparatus, first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal, the first object-based side information and the second object-based side information including at least one of object level difference information and absolute object energy information;generating, by an audio decoding apparatus, combined absolute object energy information by using the absolute object energy information and the object level difference information;generating, by an audio decoding apparatus, combined object level difference information by using the combined absolute object energy information; andgenerating, by an audio decoding apparatus, third object-based side information including the combined object ...

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method generating a third downmix signal by combining a first downmix signal extracted from a first audio signal and a second downmix signal extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based side information by combining first object-based side information extracted from the first audio signal and second object-based side information extracted from the second audio signal; converting the third object-based side information into channel-based side information; and generating a multi-channel audio signal using the third downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

VERTICAL MEMORY DEVICE

A vertical memory device is provided as follows. A substrate has a cell array region and a connection region adjacent to the cell array region. A first gate stack includes gate electrode layers spaced apart from each other in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate. The gate electrode layers extends from the cell array region to the connection region in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to form a first stepped structure on the connection region. The first stepped structure includes a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer sequentially stacked. The second gate electrode layer includes a first region having the same length as a length of the first gate electrode layer and a second region having a shorter length than the length of the first gate electrode layer. 1. A vertical memory device comprising:a substrate having a cell array region and a connection region adjacent to the cell array region; anda first gate stack including a plurality of gate electrode layers spaced apart from each other in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate,wherein the plurality of gate electrode layers extends from the cell array region to the connection region in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to form a first stepped structure on the connection region,wherein the first stepped structure includes a first gate electrode layer and a second gate electrode layer sequentially stacked, andwherein the second gate electrode layer includes a first region having the same length as a length of the first gate electrode layer and a second region having a shorter length than the length of the first gate electrode layer in the second direction.2. The vertical memory device of claim 1 ,wherein a height of the first gate stack on the cell array region is from about 3.5 μm to about 10 μm in the first direction, andwherein a distance from an end of an uppermost gate electrode layer among the plurality of gate electrode ...

Methods and Apparatuses for Encoding and Decoding Object-Based Audio Signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object-based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals. 1. A method of decoding an audio signal , comprising:receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal being obtained by downmixing one or more object signal;receiving control information, the control information controlling for position or level of the object signal being included in the downmix signal;extracting metadata indicating description of object signal from the object-based side information;generating a preprocessing information for modifying the downmix signal based on the object-based side information and the control information;generating channel-based side information based on the object-based side information and the control information; generating a multi-channel audio signal by using the modified downmix signal and the channel-based side information,', 'wherein the metadata uses text format., 'modifying the downmix signal by applying the preprocessing information to the downmix signal; and'}2. The audio decoding method of claim 1 , wherein the metadata comprises at least one of a number corresponding to the object signal and a description of the object signal.3. An audio decoding apparatus claim 1 , comprising:a demultiplexer configured to extract a downmix signal, object-based side information and control information from an input audio signal, the downmix signal being obtained by ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes and interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked on a substrate, a channel layer penetrating through the gate electrodes and the interlayer insulating layers, and a gate dielectric layer disposed on an external surface of the channel layer between the gate electrodes and the channel layer. In addition, the channel layer includes a first region extended in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate and a second region connected to the first region in a lower portion of the first region and including a plane inclined with respect to the top surface of the substrate. 120.-. (canceled)21. A semiconductor device , comprising:gate electrodes stacked on a substrate;a channel layer penetrating through at least portions of the gate electrodes; anda gate dielectric layer disposed between the gate electrodes and the channel layer and comprising an opening in a lower portion thereof,wherein the channel layer comprises a lower portion disposed below the gate dielectric layer and an upper portion disposed on the lower portion, and at least a portion of the lower portion has a width lager than a diameter of the opening.22. The semiconductor device of claim 21 , wherein a width of the lower portion of the channel layer narrows in a direction toward the substrate.23. The semiconductor device of claim 21 , wherein the lower portion of the channel layer comprises a plurality of planes inclined with respect to a top surface of the substrate.24. The semiconductor device of claim 21 , wherein a height from an upper surface of the substrate to a bottom of the lower portion of the channel layer is greater than a height from the upper surface of the substrate to a lower surface of a lowermost gate electrode among the gate electrodes and lower than a height from the upper surface of the substrate to an upper surface of the lowermost gate electrode.25. The semiconductor device of claim 21 , wherein a channel layer disposed ...

An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus are provided. The audio signal decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an audio signal; generating a modified downmix signal based on the downmix signal and extracted information which is extracted from the object-based side information; generating channel-based side information based on the object-based side information and control data for rendering the downmix signal; and generating a multi-channel audio signal based on the modified downmix signal and the channel-based side information.

A method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving first and second audio signals, which are object-encoded; generating third object energy information based on first object energy information included in the first audio signal and second object energy information included in the second audio signal; andgenerating a third audio signal by combining the first and second object signals and the third object energy information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Provided are an audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be localized at any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method includes extracting a downmix signal and object-based side information from an input audio signal; generating rendering information based on input control data; and generating spatial information based on the rendering information and the object-based side information.

Apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof

An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof are disclosed, by which a method for processing an audio signal, comprising: extracting noise filling flag information indicating whether noise filling is used to a plurality of frames; extracting coding scheme information indicating whether a current frame included in the plurality of frames is coded in either a frequency domain or a time domain; when the noise filling flag information indicates that the noise filling is used to for the plurality of frames and the coding scheme information indicates that the current frame is coded in the frequency domain, extracting noise level information for the current frame; when a noise level value corresponding to the noise level information meets a predetermined level, extracting noise offset information for the current frame; and, when the noise offset information is extracted, performs the noise-filling for the current frame based on the noise level value and the noise offset information.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals.

Se proporcionan un método y aparato para decodificación de audio y un método y aparato para codificación de audio que pueden procesar eficientemente señales de audio basadas en objeto. El método de decodificación de audio incluye: recibir una señal de mezcla reductora y una información lateral basada en objeto, la señal de mezcla reductora comprende por lo menos dos señales de canal de mezcla reductora; extraer una información de ganancia de la información lateral basada en objeto y generar una información de modificación para modificar las señales de canal de mezcla réductora en base a canal-por-canal con base en la información de ganancia; y modificar las señales de canal de mezcla reductora mediante la aplicación de la información de modificación a las señales de canal de mezcla reductora.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving first and second audio signals, which are object-encoded; generating third object energy information based on first object energy information included in the first audio signal and second object energy information included in the second audio signal; andgenerating a third audio signal by combining the first and second object signals and the third object energy information.

A method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

A method of processing an audio signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining spectral data and a loss signal compensation parameter, detecting a loss signal based on the spectral data, generating first compensation data corresponding to the loss signal using a random signal based on the loss signal compensation parameter, and generating a scale factor corresponding to the first compensation data and generating second compensation data by applying the scale factor to the first compensation data.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object- based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

A method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

A method of processing an audio signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving spectral data corresponding to a first band in a frequency band including the first band and a second band, determining a copy band based on frequency information of the copy band corresponding to a partial band of the first band, and generating spectral data of a target band corresponding to the second band using the spectral data of the copy band, wherein the copy band exists in an upper part of the first band.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

methods and apparatus for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

MéTODOS E APARELHOS PARA CODIFICAR E DECODIFICAR SINAIS DE áUDIO COM BASE EM OBJETO São fornecidos um método e aparelho de codificação de áudio e um método e aparelho de decodificação de áudio nos quais sinais de áudio podem ser codificados ou decodificados para que imagens de som possam ser localizadas em qualquer posição desejada para cada sinal de áudio de objeto. O método de decodificação de áudio compreende: gerar um terceiro sinal convertido para menos canais pela combinação de um primeiro sinal convertido para menos canais extraído de um primeiro sinal de áudio e de um segundo sinal convertido para menos canais extraido de um segundo sinal de áudio; gerar terceira informação complementar com base em objeto pela combinação da primeira informação complementar com base em objeto extraída do primeiro sinal de áudio e da segunda informação complementar com base em objeto extraída do segundo sinal de áudio; converter a terceira informação complementar com base em objeto em informação complementar com base em canal; e gerar um sinal de áudio multicanais usando o terceiro sinal convertido para menos canais e a informação complementar com base em canal. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING AND DECODING OBJECT-BASED AUDIO SIGNALS An audio encoding method and apparatus and an audio decoding method and apparatus are provided in which audio signals can be encoded or decoded so that sound images can be located in any desired position for each object audio signal. The audio decoding method comprises: generating a third signal converted to fewer channels by combining a first signal converted to fewer channels extracted from a first audio signal and a second signal converted to fewer channels extracted from a second audio signal; generating third object-based complementary information by combining the first object-based complementary information extracted from the first audio signal and the second object-based complementary information extracted from the second audio signal; ...

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object- based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Method for encoding and decoding object-based audio signal and apparatus thereof

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an object-based audio signal are pro vided. The method of decoding an object-based audio signal includes extracting a down-mix signal and object-based parameter information from an input audio signal, generating an object- audio signal using the down-mix signal and the object-based parameter information, and generating an object audio signal with three-dimensional (3D) effects by applying 3D in¬ formation to the object audio signal. Accordingly, it is possible to localize a sound image for each object audio signal and thus provide a vivid sense of reality during the reproduction of object audio signals.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals.

Se proporciona un método y aparato de descodificacián de audio y un método y aparato de codificación de audio que pueden procesar en forma eficaz señales de audio basadas en objeto. El método de descodificacián de audio incluye recibir una señal de combinación descendente, la cual se obtiene al combinar en forma descendente una pluralidad de señales de objeto e información secundaria de objeto, extraer metadatos a partir de la información secundaria de objeto y mostrar una información relacionada con las señales de objeto basadas en los metadatos.

A method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving (a) downmix signal being generated from plural-channel signal and (b) spatial information indicating attribute of the plural-channel signal in order to upmix the downmix signal and including phase shift flag indicating whether phase of a frame of at least one channel of the plural-channel signal is shifted; obtaining inter-channel phase difference(IPD) coding flag indicating whether IPD value is used to the spatial information from a header of the spatial information; obtaining IPD mode flag indicating whether the IPD value is used to frame of the spatial information from the frame based on the IPD coding flag; obtaining the IPD value of parameter band in the frame, based on the IPD mode flag; upmixing plural-channel signal by applying the IPD value to the downmix signal; and shifting the phase of the frame of the at least one channel of the plural-channel signal based on the phase shift flag.

A method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of decoding an audio signal comprises obtaining a window feature of previous window frame indicating a window which is used to previous window frame; extracting first window feature information indicating a length of right window slope of current window frame; when the first window feature information indicates a length of long window slope, determining a window feature of the current window frame by using the first window feature information and the window feature of the previous window frame; when the first window feature information does not indicate a length of long window slope, extracting second window feature information indicating a unit of frequency transform of the current window frame; and determining a window feature of the current window frame by using the first window feature information, the second window feature information and the window feature of the previous window frame; and decoding an audio signal based on the window feature of the current window frame. Accordingly, by determining a window feature of a current window frame using a window feature of a previous window frame as well as using a feature of a right window of the current window frame applied to a current frame, first window feature information indicating an MDCT unit and second window feature information, it is able to reduce the number of bits allocated to indicate the window feature.

Method for encoding and decoding object-based audio signal and apparatus thereof

A method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal

An apparatus for processing an audio signal and method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a plurality of frame data including first frame data and second frame data encoded by at least one coding schemes, obtaining first flag information indicating whether the first frame data and the second frame data are encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, respectively, decoding the first frame data by frequency domain transform coding scheme based on the first flag information when the first frame data is encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, obtaining second flag information indicating whether subframe data is encoded by time domain transform coding scheme or time-frequency domain coding scheme when the second frame data is not encoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme, the at least two subframe data being included in the second frame data, decoding the subframe data by time domain transform coding scheme or time-frequency domain transform coding scheme based on the second flag information, and compensating for discontinuity existing between the first frame data decoded by frequency domain transform coding scheme and the subframe data decoded by time domain transform coding scheme, wherein the time-frequency domain coding scheme is time domain coding scheme including frequency domain transform.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

Method and apparatus for processing an audio signal

An apparatus for processing an encoded signal and method thereof are disclosed, by which an audio signal can be compressed and reconstructed in higher efficiency. An audio signal processing method includes the steps of identifying whether a coding type of the audio signal is a music signal coding type using first type information, if the coding type of the audio signal is not the music signal coding type, identifying whether the coding type of the audio signal is a speech signal coding type or a mixed signal coding type using second type information, if the coding type of the audio signal is the mixed signal coding type, extracting spectral data and a linear predictive coefficient from the audio signal, generating a residual signal for linear prediction by performing inverse frequency conversion on the spectral data, reconstructing the audio signal by performing linear prediction coding on the linear predictive coefficient and the residual signal, and reconstructing a high frequency region signal using an extension base signal corresponding to a partial region of the reconstructed audio signal and band extension information. Accordingly, various kinds of audio signals can be encoded/decoded in higher efficiency.

Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals

An audio decoding method and apparatus and an audio encoding method and apparatus which can efficiently process object-based audio signals are provided. The audio decoding method includes receiving a downmix signal and object-based side information, the downmix signal comprising at least two downmix channel signals; extracting gain information from the object- based side information and generating modification information for modifying the downmix channel signals on a channel-by-channel basis based on the gain information; and modifying the downmix channel signals by applying the modification information to the downmix channel signals.

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kodieren von einem audiosignal

A method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

A method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.

A method and an apparatus for processing a signal

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving a maximum number of band and a code value of at least one section length, calculating a bit number corresponding to the code value of the at least one section length using the maximum number of the band, and obtaining the section length information by decoding the code value of the section length based on the bit number. A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The present invention includes receiving factor information of a current frame, receiving flag information indicating whether a coding mode of the factor information is an absolute value mode or a relative value mode, and obtaining factor data of the current frame using factor data of a previous frame and the received factor information based on the flag information.