02-08-2018 дата публикации
Номер: US20180215882A1
Принадлежит:
Nanofibres are provided that are insoluble and swellable in an essentially aqueous effluent, a method for the preparation of these nanofibres and the use of these nanofibres for the extraction from an effluent of metals, in particular metal salts originating from heavy metals, of rare earths, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or actinides, in the stable or unstable isotopic forms thereof. 1. Nanofibres that are insoluble and swellable in an essentially aqueous effluent , capable of being obtained by the process comprising the following steps:(a) obtaining the nanofibres by electrospinning or centrifugal spinning from a synthesis solution, said synthesis solution comprising: polyacrylic acid or the copolymers of polyacrylic acid;', 'the anionic derivatives of polystyrene, such as polystyrene sulphonate or the copolymers of polystyrene sulphonate;', 'the cationic derivatives of polystyrene, such as polystyrene trialkylbenzyl ammonium', 'poly(4-vinylpyridine) or derivatives thereof,', 'polyvinyl alcohol or hydrophilic derivatives thereof,', 'polyvinylpyrrolidone, derivatives thereof, or copolymers thereof, or', 'a mixture thereof;, '(i) at least one hydrophilic and water-soluble initial polymer selected from the group comprising{'sup': 4', '6', '4', '5, 'said hydrophilic and water-soluble initial polymer having a molecular weight from 1×10to 1.5×10, in particular from 1×10to 5×10, the hydrophilic and water-soluble initial polymer content in the synthesis solution being from 5 to 50 wt. %, preferably from 10 to 30 wt. %, relative to the synthesis solution,'} a cross-linking agent from 0.05 to 40 wt. %, in particular from 1 to 40 wt. %, particularly from 5 to 20 wt. %, in particular 15 wt. % relative to the hydrophilic and water-soluble initial polymer,', 'a complexing molecule from 1-40 wt. %, in particular from 1 to 30 wt. % relative to the hydrophilic and water-soluble initial polymer, said complexing molecule being selected from: a calixarene, a crown ether, or', ...
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