18-06-2015 дата публикации
Номер: US20150167459A1
Принадлежит:
Contrast agents and methods for use in geological applications are provided. Contrast agents can be a nanopolymorph material, such as titania nanotubes, and have a low-frequency dielectric permittivity. Methods of identifying one or more subterranean features during geological exploration are provided. Methods of identifying a ganglion of bypassed oil are provided. Methods of illuminating subterranean fractures in hydraulic fracturing are provided. 1. A method of identifying a subterranean feature , comprising:administering a contrast agent into a geological site, wherein the contrast agent comprises a nanopolymorph material having a low-frequency dielectric permittivity;allowing the contrast agent to migrate to a subterranean feature in the geological site; andilluminating the subterranean feature using an electromagnetic tool suitable for sensing a presence of the contrast agent that has migrated to the subterranean feature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanopolymorph material is selected from the group consisting of a nanotube claim 1 , a nanosheet claim 1 , and a nanoparticle.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanopolymorph material is a titania nanotube.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a dielectric permittivity of the contrast agent is greater than about 5 claim 1 ,000 (F/m).5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a membrane encapsulating the contrast agent.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the membrane is configured to become permeable upon encountering a stimulus selected from the group consisting of pH claim 5 , temperature claim 5 , pressure claim 5 , salinity claim 5 , and combinations thereof.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the membrane is configured to become permeable after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contrast agent is stable at a temperature up to about 350° C. and a pH ranging from about 1 to about 12.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the contrast agent ...
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