USE OF THE REACTION PRODUCT FORMED FROM A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND A NITROGEN COMPOUND TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof 2. The use according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid of component (a) is based on succinic acid or the anhydride thereof.3. The use according to or claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent in component (a) is a linear or branched C- to C-alkyl or -alkenyl radical or a polyisobutenyl radical having 24 to 250 carbon atoms.4. The use according to to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen compound of component (b) is unsubstituted aminoguanidine hydrogencarbonate.5. A fuel composition comprising claim 1 , in a major amount claim 1 , a gasoline fuel and claim 1 , in a minor amount claim 1 , at least one reaction product formed from (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and (b) a nitrogen compound of the general formula I according to to claim 1 , and at least one fuel additive which is different than the reaction product mentioned and has detergent action.6. The fuel composition according to claim 5 , comprising as the fuel additive which is different than the reaction product mentioned and has detergent action at least one representative selected from:(Da) mono- or polyamino groups having up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties;(Db) nitro groups, optionally in combination with hydroxyl groups;(Dc) hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- or polyamino groups, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties;(Dd) carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts;(De) sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts;{'sub': 2', '4, '(Df) polyoxy-C-C-alkylene moieties terminated by hydroxyl groups, mono- or polyamino groups, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties, or by carbamate groups;'}(Dg) carboxylic ester groups;(Dh) moieties derived from succinic anhydride and having hydroxyl and/or ...

LANTHANOID COMPLEX CAPSULE AND PARTICLE CONTRAST AGENTS, METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF

The invention relates to compositions of DOTA derivative compounds, lanthanoid-DOTA derivative molecular complex, and lanthanoid-complex encapsulated solid lipid particles or capsules, and methods of making and using the compositions. The solid lipid particles or capsules contain micelle cores stabilized by a hyperbranched polymer shell based from a crosslinked DOTA derivative compound or crosslinked lanthanoid-DOTA derivative complex. These solid lipid particles or capsules can be used in various applications, such as contrast agents or drug delivery vehicles. 26-. (canceled)8. The molecular complex of claim 7 , wherein the metal ion is a lanthanoid.9. The molecular complex of claim 7 , wherein the metal ion is La claim 7 , Eu claim 7 , Tb claim 7 , Gd claim 7 , Ga claim 7 , or In.10. The molecular complex of claim 7 , wherein R′ is H or substituted alkyl group.11. The molecular complex of claim 7 , wherein R′ is hydroxyalkyl claim 7 , mercaptoalkyl or radical of mercaptoalkyl claim 7 , or alkylthioalkyl.12. The molecular complex of claim 11 , wherein R′ is —CH—OH claim 11 , —CH—OH claim 11 , —CH—S—CH claim 11 , —CH—SH claim 11 , or —CH—S.13. (canceled)14. A hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule formed from the molecular complex of .15. A method of making a hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00007', 'claim 7'}, 'connecting the molecular complex of by modifying the functional group of R′ through ether, ester or disulfide bond formations.'}1618-. (canceled)21. The hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule of claim 20 , wherein X is S.22. The hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule of claim 20 , wherein X is O claim 20 , and the crosslinking agent is divinyl sulfone (DVS) claim 20 , dicarboxylic acid claim 20 , diepoxybutane claim 20 , diepoxyoctane claim 20 , epichlorohydrin claim 20 , butanediol-diglycidyl ether (BDDE) claim 20 , ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether claim 20 , ...

AMINE MIXTURE

An amine mixture includes a polyisobuteneamine and an aliphatic amine. The amine mixture is obtained by reductive amination of a mixture with ammonia or an amine HNRR. The mixture can be a mixture of the oxo process product formed in the hydroformylation of polybutene or polyisobutene and an alkanol R—OH. The mixture can also be a mixture of the epoxide formed in the epoxidation of polybutene or polyisobutene and an alkanol R—OH. Or, instead, the mixture can be a mixture of the nitro compound formed in the reaction of polybutene or polyisobutene with nitrogen oxides and an alkanol R—OH. The amine mixture is suitable for cleaning and keeping clean intake valves and injection nozzles in gasoline engines. 3. The amine mixture according to or , comprising , as component (A) , a polyisobuteneamine of the formula (I) or (Ia) having a mean molecular weight of 500 to 1500.4. The amine mixture according to to , comprising , as component (B) , an aliphatic amine of the formula R—NHin which the variable Rdenotes a linear or branched C- to C-alkyl radical or a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical having 24 to 600 carbon atoms.5. The amine mixture according to any of to , comprising 50 to 95 parts by weight , especially 70 to 90 parts by weight , of component (A) and 5 to 50 parts by weight , especially 10 to 30 parts by weight , of component (B) , where the sum of the parts by weight of components (A) and (B) adds up to 100 parts by weight.8. The amine mixture according to claim 7 , comprising claim 7 , as component (B′) claim 7 , an aliphatic amine of the general formula (II) in which the variable Rdenotes a branched C- to C-alkyl radical and the variables Rand Reach denote hydrogen.9. The amine mixture according to claim 8 , comprising claim 8 , as component (B′) claim 8 , an aliphatic amine of the general formula (II) in which the variable Rdenotes a 2-ethylhexyl radical and the variables Rand Reach denote hydrogen.11. A fuel composition comprising an amine mixture according to ...

QUATERNIZED POLYETHER AMINES AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized polyetheramines and to the preparation thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The invention also provides additive packages comprising these polyetheramines; and fuels and lubricants additized therewith. The invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for improving the intake system cleanliness of gasoline engines. 1. A fuel composition or lubricant composition comprising , in a conventional fuel or lubricant , at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , said reaction product being obtainable by reactiona) of a polyether-substituted amine comprising at least one tertiary quaternizable amino group withb) a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one tertiary amino group to a quaternary ammonium group.2. The fuel composition or lubricant composition according to claim 1 , in which the polyether substituent comprises monomer units of the general formula Ic{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '4, '—[—CH(R)—CH(R)—O—]—\u2003\u2003(Ic)'}in which{'sub': 3', '4, 'Rand Rare the same or different and are each H, alkyl, alkylaryl or aryl.'}3. The fuel composition or lubricant composition according to claim 2 , wherein the polyether-substituted amine has a number-average molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000.4. The fuel composition or ...

USE OF AMINES AND/OR MANNICH ADDUCTS IN FUEL AND LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS FOR DIRECT INJECTION SPARK IGNITION ENGINES

The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct. 218-. (canceled) The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.Direct-injection gasoline engines are becoming increasingly important, since, especially in the lean range, i.e. at a lambda value of about 1 or greater, they enable better fuel utilization and a simultaneous increase in the engine output. This is accompanied by reduced carbon dioxide emission in comparison to conventional gasoline engines.The injection nozzles in direct-injection gasoline engines are disposed in the combustion chamber and are therefore exposed to extreme conditions. Under these conditions, intense decomposition and oxidation of the fuel takes place and an increased amount of deposits forms. Deposition problems affect mainly the injection nozzles, but also the inlet valves and the entire combustion chamber. Deposits on the injection nozzles restrict the fuel feed and change the injection behavior. A slightly reduced fuel feed can be compensated by appropriate electronic control; stronger feed restriction and change in the injection behavior can no longer be counteracted. However, for optimum fuel utilization and performance increase, impeccable injection behavior is essential. Therefore, the formation of deposits is to be avoided to a very substantial extent. In contrast to conventional engines in which relatively rich mixtures cause deposits, it is especially lean ...

Telepresence System

The invention relates to a telepresence system () with a human-machine interface (), and with a teleoperator () designed to communicate bid sectionally with the human-machine interface () via a communications channel (). 1. A telepresence system comprising:a man-machine interface,{'b': '4', 'a teleoperator, which is designed to bi-directionally communicate over a communication channel with the man-machine interface, and which is designed to perform an action on the basis of first signals generated due to a manual operation of the man-machine interface and transmitted over the communication channel, based on the action performed to respond to its environment and, in response to the reaction to its environment, to send to the man-machine interface assigned second signals through the second communication channel (), and'}{'b': '4', 'at least one buffer device, which is adapted to buffer the signals transferred through the communication channel and to release them delayed so that the signals coming from the man-machine interface and the signals coming from the teleoperator each are transmitted through the communication channel () with an effective constant time delay.'}2. A telepresence system , whose at least one buffer device is so arranged as to buffer the signals transmitted through the communication channel and generate them with a delay so that the signals coming from the man-machine interface and the signals coming from the teleoperator are effectively transmitted over the communication channel with the same duration of time delay.3. The telepresence system according to claim 1 , whose human-machine interface is designed in such a manner that it subjects the first signals claim 1 , which are generated as a result of the manual operation of the man-machine interface claim 1 , to a passivating transformation claim 1 , in particular to a scattering transformation in order to obtain first transformed signals and to send them through the communication channel to the ...

TERTIARY AMINES FOR REDUCING INJECTOR NOZZLE FOULING IN DIRECT INJECTION SPARK IGNITION ENGINES

Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'at least two of R, Rand Rare different, and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'among R, R, and R, a hydrocarbyl residue with most carbon atoms differs in carbon atom number from a hydrocarbyl residue with second most carbon atoms by at least 3.'}3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 7', '20, 'one or two of R, R, and Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues, and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 1', '4, 'the remaining two or one of R, R, and Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues.'}4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 8', '18, 'Ris a C- to C-hydrocarbyl residue, and'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 1', '4, 'Rand Rare each independently a C- to C-alkyl radical.'}5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 9', '16, 'Ris a C- to C-hydrocarbyl residue, and'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'Rand Rare each a methyl radical.'}7. The fuel additive composition according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one nitrogen-comprising dispersant (A) is a polyisobutenyl monoamine with a number average molecular weight of from 550 to 1000.8. The fuel additive composition according to claim 6 , wherein a weight ratio of the at least one nitrogen-comprising dispersant (A) to the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine of formula (I) (C) is of from 0.3:1 to 25:1.9. A fuel composition comprisinga major amount of a liquid fuel in gasoline boiling range, and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': ' ...

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THERMOSTABILITY OF LUBRICANT OILS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

The present invention refers to a process to improve the thermostability of lubricant oils contained in an internal combustion engine, which process comprises operating the said engine with a fuel containing one or more ashless thermostability boosters selected from aromatic amines, substituted phenols and polycyclic phenolic compounds or mixtures thereof. The present invention further refers to a fuel additive composition and to a fuel composition comprising specific nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the said ashless thermostability boosters, and optionally corrosion inhibitors and friction modifiers. 2. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the fuel is gasoline andthe internal combustion engine is a spark-ignited combustion engine.3. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the effective amount of the one or more ashless thermostability boosters in the fuel is from 1 to 3,000 ppm by weight.4. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein R1 designates hydrogen;{'sub': 1', '24, 'R2 designates a phenyl residue which is optionally substituted by one or two C- to C-alkyl residues; and'}{'sub': 1', '24, 'R3 and R4 designate independently hydrogen or a C- to C-alkyl residue.'}5. The process according to claim 1 ,{'sub': n', '2n, 'wherein R5 designates a residue of formula —CH—CO—OR8, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;'}{'sub': 1', '24, 'R8 designates a C- to C-alkyl residue and'}{'sub': 1', '24, 'R5 and R6 designate independently a C- to C-hydrocarbyl residue.'}6. A fuel additive composition claim 1 , comprising: (D1) a polyisobutenyl monoamine,', '(D2) a polyisobutenyl polyamine,', '(D3) a Mannich reaction product of a substituted phenol with an aldehyde and a mono- or polyamine, and', '(D4) a polyoxyalkylene which is terminated by a mono- or polyamino group;, '(i) at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant (D) selected from the group consisting of(ii) in case of presence of (D1), (D2) or (D3), at least one carrier oil, which is substantially free of nitrogen, ...

Method And Apparatus For Controlling A Robot

A method for controlling a robot in at least one pose of the robot wherein the robot can be operated in either a first mode of operation or a second mode of operation. In the second mode of operation the robot can be moved by manually applying a guiding force to the robot. The method includes determining a distance of a state variable of the robot from a first limit and then triggering a safety response when the distance satisfies a first condition and the robot is operating in the first mode of operation. When the robot is operating in the second mode of operation and the distance satisfies the first condition, the method includes not triggering the safety response, and motorically applying a positioning force to the robot in dependence on the determined distance so that the distance can be reduced when the robot is unobstructed.

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MSNX NANOPARTICLES AS ANODE MATERIALS FOR A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

A method for the production of MSnnanoparticles, wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, In, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, Ga, and 0 Подробнее

USE OF A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS AND GASOLINE FUELS

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents. 1. A method of improving separation of water from a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel , the method comprising:contacting (A) a polyisobutenylsuccinic acid having a polyisobutenyl substituent comprising 32 to 100 carbon atoms with a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel comprising(B) at least one nitrogen compound quaternized in the presence of an acid or in an acid-free manner, obtained by addition of a compound comprising at least one oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with an anhydride and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization, as an additive with a detergent action, and(C) as an additive component, an alkoxylation copolymer comprising at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and other oxides, as a dehazer.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide ethylene oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide propylene oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide butylene oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide styrene oxide.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide an epoxy based resin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil further comprises as an additive component (D) at least one cetane number improver.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil consists of:(a) 0.1 to 100% by weight of at least one biofuel oil based on one or more fatty acid esters, and(b) 0 to 99.9% by weight of one or more middle distillates of fossil origin and/or ...

Systems and Methods for Collection and Automatic Analysis of Opinions on Various Types of Media

Systems and methods for collection and automatic analysis of opinions of media are provided. A representative method includes: receiving, from a user, media for review; automatically distributing the media to a pool of reviewers based on reviewer profiles; receiving, from the reviewers, information corresponding to opinions pertaining to the media; automatically generating a report based, at least in part, on the information received from the reviewers; and providing the report to the user. 1. A method for collection and automatic analysis of opinions of media comprising:receiving, from a user, media for review;automatically distributing the media to a pool of reviewers based on reviewer profiles;receiving, from the reviewers, information corresponding to opinions pertaining to the media;automatically generating statistical data relating to the media and to the reviewers based on the responses provided;automatically generating a report based, at least in part, on the information received from the reviewers and the statistical data; andproviding the report to the user.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising validating the information received from the reviewers prior to generating the report.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising grading the quality of information received from the reviewers prior to generating the report.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the media comprises audio.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the media comprises video.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the media comprises still images.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in receiving the media from the user claim 1 , the media is received indirectly from the user via a third party.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein in providing the report to the user claim 1 , the raw statistical data is provided to a third party.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in providing the report to the user claim 1 , the report is provided to the user via a third party.10. A system for collection and ...

TERTIARY AMINES FOR REDUCING INJECTOR NOZZLE FOULING AND MODIFYING FRICTION IN DIRECT INJECTION SPARK IGNITION ENGINES

Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling and modifying friction in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally further friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least two of R claim 1 , Rand Rare different claim 1 , such that a hydrocarbyl group with the most carbon atoms differs in carbon atom number from a hydrocarbyl group with the second most carbon atoms by at least 2 carbon atoms.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein one or two of Rto Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl groups and the remaining two or one of Rto Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl groups.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Rof the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine (I) is a C- to C-hydrocarbyl group and Rand Rare independently of each other a C- to C-alkyl group or a C- to C-hydroxyalkyl radical.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Rof the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine (I) is a C- to C-hydrocarbyl group and Rand Rare each methyl radicals.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Rof the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine (I) is a C- to C-hydrocarbyl group and Rand Rare each 2-hydroxyethyl radicals.8. The fuel additive composition according to claim 7 , wherein dispersant component (A) is a polyisobutenyl monoamine (A1) with a number average molecular weight of from 550 to 1000.9. The fuel additive composition according to claim 7 , wherein a weight ratio of dispersant component (A) to the hydrocarbyl amine component (C) ranges from 0.3:1 to 25:1.10. A fuel composition claim 7 , comprising a major amount of a liquid fuel in gasoline boiling range and a minor amount of the ...

Weight material cutting, dispensing and applying systems

A feed and cutting unit for selectively cutting and dispensing individual weight material segments from a common strip of backing material is disclosed. The feed and cutting unit comprises a feed assembly, a sensor and a cutter member. The feed assembly includes a drive roller and a follower roller that frictionally engages first and second surfaces of a strip of weight material to selectively move the strip of weight material to a cutter member. The sensor is connected to a controller and measures an amount of segmented weight material on the backing material as the strip of weight material moves past the sensor. The cutter member is actuated to separate weight material segments from the backing material by cutting at least a portion of the backing material in a gap disposed between adjacent segments. Weight apply devices that receive the segments for application to an imbalanced member, are also disclosed.

Method For Controlling A Robot

A method for controlling a robot includes monitoring the robot, and carrying out a fault reaction, selected from a number of specified fault reactions, on the basis of the monitoring of the robot, wherein the fault reaction is selected on the basis of a monitoring of an operational capability and/or an output variable of at least one motor of the robot. 1. A method for controlling a robot , the method comprising:monitoring at least one of an operational capability or an output variable of at least one motor of the robot; andcarrying out a fault reaction, wherein the fault reaction is selected from a plurality of specified fault reactions on the basis of the monitoring of the robot.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of specified fault reactions comprises at least one of:at least one motor-active fault reaction; orat least one motor-passive fault reaction.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:the at least one motor-active fault reaction includes at least one of a motor deceleration with or without a subsequent disconnecting from an energy source, a compliance control, or a retraction motion; andthe least one motor-passive fault reaction includes an immediate disconnection from the energy source without deceleration of the motor.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:controlling the motor in a normal operating mode with a first control; andcontrolling the motor during a fault reaction with a second control which is different from the first control.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring an operational capability comprises a classification of an operational capability claim 1 , the classification having at least two steps.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the classification has at least three steps.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring an operational capability comprisesdetermining at least one parameter; andcomparing the at least one parameter with a specified parameter.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one parameter ...

CSON-AIDED SMALL CELL LOAD BALANCING BASED ON BACKHAUL INFORMATION

Methods and systems are disclosed for centralized self-organizing network (cSON)-aided small cell load balancing based on backhaul information. In an aspect, a cSON server receives periodic or event triggered backhaul capacity reports from each of the plurality of small cell base stations, a backhaul capacity report indicating an uplink and/or downlink capacity state of a backhaul connection over which a small cell base station of the plurality of small cell base stations is connected to a core network, determines load balancing assistance data for at least one of the plurality of small cell base stations based on the backhaul capacity reports received from each of the plurality of small cell base stations, and provides the load balancing assistance data to the at least one of the plurality of small cell base stations. 1. A method of a central self-organizing network (cSON) server providing load balancing assistance to a plurality of small cell base stations , comprising:receiving periodic or event-triggered backhaul capacity reports from each of the plurality of small cell base stations, a backhaul capacity report indicating an uplink and/or downlink capacity state of a backhaul connection over which a small cell base station of the plurality of small cell base stations is connected to a core network;determining load balancing assistance data for at least one of the plurality of small cell base stations based on the backhaul capacity reports received from each of the plurality of small cell base stations, wherein the load balancing assistance data comprises an adaption of a backhaul uplink rate limit of the at least one small cell base station; andproviding the load balancing assistance data to the at least one of the plurality of small cell base stations.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the load balancing assistance data comprises an adaptation of a transmission power range of the at least one small cell base station.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the load ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPRAY PAINTING A WORKPIECE

A method and a device for spray painting a workpiece uses an application device. The workpiece has at least two components that are movable relative to each other which are at least arranged region by region or meshing with each other such that, dependent on the relative position of the components, at least a subregion of one of components is mounted shaded so that the subregion is inaccessible for spray painting by the application device. The method and the device for the spray painting of workpieces, allow a fast, complete and cost-effective painting of a workpiece. One of the components is moved during the spray painting by means of an actuator such that the subregion of the component is displaced so that the subregion is not shaded and is accessible for spray painting by the application device. 1. A method for spray painting a workpiece by means of an application device , the method comprising the steps of:providing the workpiece that has at least two components that are movable relative to each other, which are at least sectionally arranged or meshing with each other so that, dependent on the relative position of the components, at least a subregion of one of the components is mounted so as to be a shaded region which is blocked such that the subregion for spray painting is inaccessible by the application device; andmoving one of the components during spray painting by means of an actuator such that the subregion of the component is displaced such that the subregion is no longer a shaed region and is accessible for spray painting by the application device.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the components are rotatable relative to each other and at least one of the components is rotated by the actuator.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the provided workpiece is a motor vehicle axle claim 2 , which comprises:an axle body;at least one brake caliper; anda wheel suspension having a brake disk and a wheel mount having a plurality of wheel bolts ...

LANTHANOID COMPLEX CAPSULE AND PARTICLE CONTRAST AGENTS, METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF

The invention relates to compositions of DOTA derivative compounds, lanthanoid-DOTA derivative molecular complex, and lanthanoid-complex encapsulated solid lipid particles or capsules, and methods of making and using the compositions. The solid lipid particles or capsules contain micelle cores stabilized by a hyperbranched polymer shell based from a crosslinked DOTA derivative compound or crosslinked lanthanoid-DOTA derivative complex. These solid lipid particles or capsules can be used in various applications, such as contrast agents or drug delivery vehicles. 114-. (canceled)1618-. (canceled)21. The hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule of claim 20 , wherein X is S.22. The hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle or nanocapsule of claim 20 , wherein X is O claim 20 , and the crosslinking agent is divinyl sulfone (DVS) claim 20 , dicarboxylic acid claim 20 , diepoxybutane claim 20 , diepoxyoctane claim 20 , epichlorohydrin claim 20 , butanediol-diglycidyl ether (BDDE) claim 20 , ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether claim 20 , polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether claim 20 , ethylene sulfide claim 20 , glutaraldehyde claim 20 , bromoacetic anhydride claim 20 , acrylic anhydride claim 20 , 3-mercaptopropanoate claim 20 , thioacetic acid claim 20 , or combinations thereof.23. A hyperbranched polymer shell comprising the crosslinked hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticles or nanocapsules of .24. A mixed micelle comprisingan emulsifying wax as the micelle core; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00020', 'claim 20'}, 'at least one cationic surfactant associated to the surface of the micelle core, wherein the anionic portion of the cationic surfactant is the hyperbranched polymeric nanoparticle of .'}25. The mixed micelle of claim 24 , further comprising at least one neutral surfactant claim 24 , wherein the neutral surfactant molecular chains intersperse the individual molecules of cationic surfactant.26. The mixed micelle of claim 25 , wherein the cationic portion of the ...

CENTRALIZED WIFI CHANNEL SELECTION

Methods and apparatus for performing dynamic channel selection are provided. In an example, a method includes receiving, at a central self-organizing network server, data from an access point (AP) including a number of stations associated with the AP. The method includes calculating downlink capacities for the associated stations and selecting a channel for the AP which maximizes a pre-defined network utility that is based on the downlink capacities. Further, it is determined if the network utility gain resulting from selecting the channel exceeds a threshold when compared to a previous channel selection state. If the network utility gain exceeds the threshold, a channel change command is issued to the AP, directing the AP to use the selected channel to communicate with a specific station. 1. A method for performing dynamic channel selection , comprising:receiving, at a central self-organizing network server, data from an access point (AP) including a number of stations associated with the AP;calculating downlink capacities for the associated stations;selecting a channel for the AP which maximizes a pre-defined network utility that is based on the downlink capacities;determining if the network utility gain resulting from selecting the channel exceeds a threshold when compared to a previous channel selection state; andissuing, if the network utility gain exceeds the threshold, a channel change command to the AP directing the AP to use the selected channel to communicate with a specific station.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising starting channel assignments from a current channel assignment claim 1 , a predetermined channel assignment claim 1 , or a random channel assignment.6. An apparatus configured to perform dynamic channel selection claim 1 , comprising:means for receiving, at a central self-organizing network server, data from an access point (AP) including a number of stations associated with the AP;means for calculating downlink capacities for the ...

Therapy Device

We describe an optical and magnetic stimulation, OMS, wound therapy device comprising: a light source configured to generate an optical field for an OMS wound therapy; an electric circuit coupled to the light source for driving the light source to generate the optical field; a coil configured to generate a magnetic field for the OMS wound therapy; and a magnetic field shield arranged between the coil on the one hand and the light source and electric circuit on the other hand, and wherein the magnetic field shield is configured to shield the electric circuit and the light source from the magnetic field generated by the coil. 123-. (canceled)24. An optical and magnetic stimulation , OMS , wound therapy device comprising:a light source configured to generate an optical field for an OMS wound therapy;an electric circuit coupled to the light source for driving the light source to generate the optical field;a coil configured to generate a magnetic field for the OMS wound therapy; anda magnetic field shield arranged between the coil on the one hand and the light source and electric circuit on the other hand, and wherein the magnetic field shield is configured to shield the electric circuit and the light source from the magnetic field generated by the coil.25. An OMS wound therapy device as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the OMS wound therapy device is configured to generate claim 24 , using the coil and the magnetic field shield claim 24 , an attenuated magnetic field claim 24 , on a side of the magnetic field shield on which the electric circuit and light source are arranged claim 24 , to induce claim 24 , based on the attenuated magnetic field claim 24 , an eddy current in a layer of the OMS wound therapy device in or on which the electric circuit is arranged.26. An OMS wound therapy device as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the magnetic field shield comprises a material having a relative magnetic permeability of more than 5000 claim 24 , preferably more than 10000 claim 24 ...

USE OF POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of a polyalkylene glycol of formula HO—(A—O)—(CHCH—O)—(A—O)—H wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said improving is minimizing power loss in the internal combustion engine and improving acceleration of the internal combustion engine.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said improving is improving lubricity of lubricant oils contained in the internal combustion engine by operating the internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising an effective amount of at least one polyalkylene glycol of formula I.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2, 'A is a mixture of two different types of alkylene groups Aand A,'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '7, 'Ais one or more C- to C-alkylene groups,'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': 8', '20, 'Ais one or more C- to C-alkylene groups, and'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'Aand Aare arranged randomly or blockwise.'}5. The to method of claim 1 , wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group (A) or a mixture of C- to C-alkylene groups (A) arranged randomly.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkylene glycol of formula I is prepared by a process comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', 'm, 'HO—(CHCH—O)—H\u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'alkoxylating a polyethylene glycol of formula II'}{'sub': 3', '20, 'with a C- to C-alkylene oxide or a mixture thereof, thereby obtaining an alkoxylation product, whereinm is a number of from 2 to 100,{'sub': 3', '20, 'a molar ratio of the polyethylene glycol of formula II to the C- to C-alkylene oxide or the mixture thereof is from 1:2 to 1:200, and'}the alkoxylation product is arranged randomly or blockwise.7. A fuel composition claim 1 , comprising claim 1 ,in a major amount, a gasoline fuel, and {'br': None, 'sub': p', '2', '2', 'm', 'q, 'HO—(A—O)—(CHCH—O)—(A—O)—H\ ...

USE OF A COMPLEX ESTER TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel. 1. A process for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine , the process comprising operating an internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising an additive comprising a complex ester obtained by an esterification reaction among{'sub': 2', '12, '(A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acid,'}(B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol having 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and [{'sub': 1', '30, '(C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or'}, {'sub': 1', '30, '(C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohol in case of an excess of component (A).'}], '(C) as a chain stopping agent'}2. The process of claim 1 , which reduces power loss in the internal combustion engine claim 1 , and which improves acceleration of the internal combustion engine.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive is present in the fuel in an amount effective to improve a lubricity of a lubricant oil in the internal combustion engine.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein component (A) comprises an aliphatic linear C- to C-dicarboxylic acid.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein component (B) comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerin claim 1 , trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein component (C) comprises an aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic as (C1) claim 1 , or ...

USE OF AN ALKOXYLATED POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) is an additive in a fuel for minimization of power loss in internal combustion engines and for improving acceleration of internal combustion engines.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) is an additive in a fuel for improving lubricity of lubricant oils in an internal combustion engine for lubricating purposes by operating the internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising an effective amount of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein k is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦25.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 20000 g/mol determined according to DIN 55672-1 polystyrene calibration standard.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein (m+m′) is in the range of ≧3 to ≦65.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of (m+m′) to k is in the range of 0.3:1 to 6:1.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein m is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25 and m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris an unsubstituted claim 1 , linear alkyl radical having 6 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 11 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 14 claim 1 , 15 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 17 or 18 carbon atoms.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rdenotes is —CH.11. The method according to claim 1 , whereinm is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,(m+m′) is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦50,n is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦45,n′ is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦45,(n+n′) is an integer in the range of ≧6 to ≦90,p is an integer in the range of ≧0 to ≦75,p′ is an integer in the range of ≧0 to ≦75,k ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN HIGH EFFICIENCY WIRELESS NETWORKS

Methods and apparatus for adjusting transmission power in wireless networks are provided. One aspect of the disclosure provides a method of wireless communication over a wireless communication medium. The method includes determining a level of interference for a data transmission from a transmitting device to an intended receiving device. The method further includes setting a transmission power level for transmitting a message based on the interference level, the message comprising one of a request-to-send (RTS) packet and a clear-to-send (CTS) packet. The method further includes transmitting the message at the set transmission power level. 1. A method of wireless communication over a wireless communication medium comprising:determining a level of interference for a data transmission from a transmitting device to an intended receiving device;setting a transmission power level for transmitting a message based on the interference level, the message comprising one of a request-to-send (RTS) packet and a clear-to-send (CTS) packet; andtransmitting the message at the set transmission power level.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting device and the receiving device each comprises one of an access point and a station.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the level of interference is based on at least a packet error rate (PER) of the data transmission from the transmitting device to the intended receiving device.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:identifying one or more potentially interfering devices detected by the transmitting device;ordering the potentially interfering devices based on an estimated transmit power level from the transmitting device to reach each of the potentially interfering devices, wherein the ordering identifies from a lowest estimated transmit power to a highest estimated transmit power level; andsetting the transmission power level for transmitting the message based further on the ordering of the estimated transmit power ...

ITEM SORTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SORTING

An item sorting system having a tray handling system and a tote handling system. The tray handling system having a tray conveying system, a tray transfer system, and optionally a tray storage region. The tote handling system may have a cubby array, the cubby array having a plurality of cubbies into which a tote may be placed. The system can transfer an item from the tray into the tote, and a method is disclosed for the same. 1. An item sorting system comprising: a tray conveying system defining a conveyor having a filling region, a pick-up region and a return region;', 'a tray transfer system having a robotic arm assembly and a tray handling tool wherein the tray handling tool is positioned at an end of the robotic arm, the tray handling tool structurally configured to retain a tray;, 'a tray handling system including'} 'at least one cubby structurally configured to retain a tote.', 'a tote handling system including'}2. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool can move between a pick-up region and the at least one cubby.3. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool can be positioned within the at least one cubby.4. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool further comprises an upper tray attachment assembly and a lower tray attachment assembly claim 3 , wherein the lower tray attachment assembly can be moved relative to the upper tray attachment assembly when the tray handling tool is positioned within the at least one cubby.5. The item sorting system of wherein the at least one cubby has a entry opening and an exit opening opposite the entry opening claim 1 , with the robotic arm having access to the entry opening.6. The item sorting system of wherein the at least one cubby comprises a cubby array having at least a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns of cubbies.7. The item sorting system of wherein the conveyor further includes a queued region within which the pick-up region is defined.8. A tool for use in ...

Configurable Security Monitoring For A Robot Assembly

A safety monitoring means for a robot assembly with at least one robot includes a configuration means for configuring a linking function arrangement with at least one first linking function including a fixed and predetermined number of monitoring functions of a monitoring function arrangement. The monitoring functions are logically linked to one another such that the first linking function has a reaction state whenever none of the monitoring functions indicates a not-violated state. The configuration means may further include at least one second linking function including a fixed and predetermined number of monitoring functions that are logically linked to one another such that the second linking function does not have a reaction state whenever all monitoring functions indicate a violated state.

ANTIMONY BASED ANODE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES AND PREPARATION METHOD

An antimony based anode material for a rechargeable battery comprises nanoparticles of composition SbMOwhere M is a further element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ni, Cu, In, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, Fe, Co, Ga, with 0≦x<2 and 0≦y≦2.5+2x. The nanoparticles form a substantially monodisperse ensemble with an average size not exceeding a value of 30 nm and by a size deviation not exceeding 15%. A method for preparing the antimony based anode material is carried out in situ in a non-aqueous solvent and starts by reacting an antimony salt and an organometallic amide reactant and oleylamine. 1. An antimony based anode material for a rechargeable battery , the anode material comprising nanoparticles of composition SbMOwhere M is a further element selected from the group consisting of Sn , Ni , Cu , In , Al , Ge , Pb , Bi , Fe , Co , Ga , with 0≦x<2 and 0≦y≦2.5+2x , wherein the nanoparticles form a substantially monodisperse ensemble with an average size between 5 nm and 30 nm and a size deviation not exceeding 15%.2. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are coated with a capping species.3. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of Sb.4. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of SbSnx.5. The material according to claim 4 , wherein x is 1.5.6. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the average size of the nanoparticles is between 10 and 25 nm.7. The material according to claim 6 , wherein the average size of the nanoparticles is between 15 and 25 nm.8. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is below 11%.9. The material according to claim 8 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is below 10%.10. The material according to claim 8 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is in a range of 7 to 11%.11. The material according to claim 10 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is in a range of 7 to 10%.12. A ...

Control of A Robot

A method for controlling a robot having a drive arrangement with at least one drive includes determining an actual velocity of the robot, determining a target velocity for the robot, and determining a damping drive parameter based on a difference between the target velocity and the actual velocity. The target velocity is determined based on at least one of a predetermined maximum velocity, a predetermined minimum velocity, or a first distance of the robot from at least one predetermined boundary. The drive arrangement of the robot is then controlled based on the damping drive parameter.

PROCESS FOR THE GENERATION OF THIN INORGANIC FILMS

The present invention is in the field of processes for the generation of thin inorganic films on substrates. In particular, the present invention relates to a process comprising bringing a compound of general formula (I) into the gaseous or aerosol state L—M—X(I) and depositing the compound of general formula (I) from the gaseous or aerosol state onto a solid substrate, wherein R is independent of each other hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a silyl group, p is 1, 2 or 3, M is Ni or Co, X is a σ-donating ligand which coordinates M, wherein if present at least one X is a ligand which coordinates M via a phosphor or nitrogen atom, m is 1 or 2 and n is 0 to 3. 2: The process according to claim 1 , wherein M is Co in the oxidation state +1 or Ni in the oxidation state +2.3: The process according to claim 2 , wherein M is Co claim 2 , m is 1 claim 2 , and all X are neutral σ-donating ligands.4: The process according to claim 2 , wherein M is Ni claim 2 , m is 2 claim 2 , and n is 0.5: The process according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , at each instance claim 1 , is independently hydrogen claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl or iso-propyl.6: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the deposited compound of general formula (I) is exposed to a reducing agent.7: The process according claim 1 , wherein a sequence of depositing the compound of general formula (I) onto a solid substrate and decomposing the deposited compound of general formula (I) is performed at least twice.9: The compound according to claim 8 , wherein M is Co claim 8 , m is 1 claim 8 , and all X are neutral σ-donating ligands.10: The compound according to claim 8 , wherein M is Ni claim 8 , m is 2 claim 8 , and n is 0.11: The compound according to claim 8 , wherein R claim 8 , at each instance claim 8 , is independently hydrogen claim 8 , methyl claim 8 , ethyl claim 8 , iso-propyl claim 8 , or tert-butyl.12. (canceled) The present invention is in the field of processes for the ...

ANTIMONY BASED ANODE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES AND PREPARATION METHOD

An antimony based anode material for a rechargeable battery includes nanoparticles of composition SbMO, where M is an element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ni, Cu, In, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, Fe, Co, and Ga, with 0≦x<2 and 0≦y≦2.5+2x. The nanoparticles form a substantially monodisperse ensemble with an average size not exceeding a value of 30 nm and by a size deviation not exceeding 15%. A method for preparing the antimony based anode material is carried out in situ in a non-aqueous solvent and starts by reacting an antimony salt and an organometallic amide reactant and oleylamine. 1. An antimony based anode material for a rechargeable battery , the anode material comprising nanoparticles of composition SbMO , where M is an element selected from the group consisting of Sn , Ni , Cu , In , Al , Ge , Pb , Bi , Fe , Co , and Ga , with 0≦x<2 and 0≦y≦2.5+2x , wherein the nanoparticles form a substantially monodisperse ensemble with an average size between 5 nm and 30 nm and a size deviation not exceeding 15%.2. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are coated with a capping species.3. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of Sb.4. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of SbSn.5. The material according to claim 4 , wherein x is 1.5.6. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the average size of the nanoparticles is between 10 nm and 25 nm.7. The material according to claim 6 , wherein the average size of the nanoparticles is between 15 nm and 25 nm.8. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a size distribution of the average size is below 11%.9. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a size distribution of the average size is below 10%.10. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a size distribution of the average size is in a range of ...

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AN IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR SELECTING AN ACCESS POINT

The present disclosure presents a method and apparatus for identifying an access point (AP) for selection by an access terminal (AT). For example, the method may include receiving a probe request by one or more APs from an AT, wherein the probe request is broadcasted by the AT to the one or more APs, generating load information and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values of the probe request at the one or more APs, identifying an AP of the one or more APs for selection by the AT, wherein the AP for selection by the AT is identified by the one or more APs based at least on the load information and RSSI values generated at the one or more APs, and transmitting information of an AP identified by the one or more APs to the AT. As such, an improved mechanism for selecting an access point may be achieved. 1. A method for generating beacons or probe responses at an access point (AP) , comprising:generating, at the AP, a beacon or a probe response based at least on a load at the AP;adjusting, at the AP, a transmission power of the beacon or the probe response based at least on the load at the AP; andtransmitting, from the AP, the beacon or the probe response to an access terminal (AT) based at least on the adjusted transmission power.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:delaying the transmission of the beacon or the probe response from the AP based at least on the load at the AP.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein delaying the transmission of the beacon or the probe response from the AP further comprises:delaying the transmission of the beacon or the probe response from the AP when the load at the AP is above a threshold value associated with a high load at the AP.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the load at the AP is defined as a number of ATs connected to the AP.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beacon is broadcasted from the AP or the probe response is generated at the AP in response to a probe request received from the AT.6. The method of claim 1 ...

Use of amines and/or mannich adducts in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection spark ignition engines

The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

QUATERNIZED POLYETHER AMINES AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized polyetheramines and to the preparation thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The invention also provides additive packages comprising these polyetheramines; and fuels and lubricants additized therewith. The invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for improving the intake system cleanliness of gasoline engines. 1. (canceled)3: The method of claim 2 , wherein the fuel comprises a diesel fuel.4: The method of claim 2 , wherein the fuel comprises a gasoline fuel.5: The method of claim 3 , wherein the fuel comprises a biodiesel fuel as the diesel fuel.6: The method of claim 4 , wherein the fuel comprises an alkanol-containing gasoline fuel as the gasoline fuel.7: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternized nitrogen compound has said formula (1a).8: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternized nitrogen compound has said formula (1b).9: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (i) epoxide.10: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (ii) salicylate.11: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (iii) an oxalate.12: The method of claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (iv) dimethyl carbonate.13: The method of claim 2 , wherein the reaction product is ...

Fuel additive composition

A fuel additive composition includes a polyalkenylsuccinimide, a mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine, and a carrier oil selected from the group of mineral oils, polyethers, polyetheramines, esters, and combinations thereof. The polyalkenylsuccinimide includes the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate and a nucleophilic reactant. The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes the reaction product of a polyolefin comprising Cto Colefin units and having a number average molecular weight (M) of about 500 to 5,000 g/mol and a Cto Cmonounsaturated acid reactant. The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes from 0.5 to 10 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of the polyolefin. The nucleophilic reactant is selected from the group of amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, and combinations thereof. 1. A fuel additive composition comprising: [ [{'sub': 2', '18', 'n, '(a) a polyolefin comprising Cto Colefin units and having a number average molecular weight (M) of about 500 to 5,000 g/mol, and'}, {'sub': 4', '10, '(b) a Cto Cmonounsaturated acid reactant,'}, 'wherein said hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes from 0.5 to 10 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said polyolefin; and, '(1) a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate comprising the reaction product of;'}, '(2) a nucleophilic reactant selected from the group of amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, and combinations thereof;, '(A) a polyalkenylsuccinimide comprising the reaction product of;'}(B) a mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine; and(C) a carrier oil selected from the group of mineral oils, polyethers, polyetheramines, esters, and combinations thereof.2. A fuel additive composition as set forth in further comprising (D) a demulsifier package.3. A fuel additive composition as set forth in wherein said demulsifier package (D) ...

USE OF CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants. 1. A reaction product , comprising an optionally purified quaternized nitrogen compound , wherein ,the reaction product is obtained by reacting a quaternizable nitrogen compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing agent that converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group; andthe quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide in combination with a free hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid.2. (canceled)3: A process claim 1 , comprising inhibiting corrosion in a gasoline fuel claim 1 , by combining the gasoline fuel with the reaction product of .4: A process claim 1 , comprising reducing corrosion of nonferrous metals in a fuel by combining the fuel with the reaction product of .5: A process claim 1 , comprising increasing electrical conductivity and reducing electrostatic charging in a fuel claim 1 , by combining the fuel with the reaction product of .6: A process claim 1 , comprising completely or partially preventing formation of deposits claim 1 , completely or partially removing deposits claim 1 , or both claim 1 , in fuel inlet and outlet valves of a gasoline engine having port fuel injectors claim 1 , by operating the gasoline engine with a fuel comprising the reaction product of .7. The reaction product of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable nitrogen compound is selected from the group consisting of: [{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, 'RRRN\u2003\u2003(3),'}, 'wherein', {'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '8', '40', '1', '6, 'at least one of the R, Rand Rradicals is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radical and the other radicals are identical or different, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radical;'}], 'a) at least one alkylamine comprising at least one compound of formula (3)b) at least one polyalkene-substituted amine comprising at least ...

USE OF A COMPLEX ESTER TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic Ci- to C30-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel. 1. A method of reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine , comprising adding to a fuel a complex ester obtainable by an esterification reaction between{'sub': 2', '12, '(A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acid,'}(B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and [{'sub': 1', '30, '(C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or'}, {'sub': 1', '30, '(C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohol in case of an excess of component (A).'}], '(C) as a chain stopping agent'}23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of aliphatic linear C- to C-dicarboxylic acids.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerin claim 1 , trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (C1) aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acids claim 1 , and (C2) linear or branched C- to C-alkanols.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex ester is composed of from 2 to 9 molecule units of component (A) and of from 3 to 10 molecule units of component (B) claim 1 , component (B) being in excess compared with component (A) claim 1 , with remaining free hydroxyl groups of (B) being completely or partly capped with a corresponding number of molecule units of component (C1).8. ...

USE OF AN ALKOXYLATED POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula wherein m, m′, n, n′, p, p′ and k are integers in the range of ≧1, Rdenotes an unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl radical, Rdenotes —CH—CH, and Rdenotes a hydrogen atom or —CH, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel. 2: The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the additive minimizes power loss in the internal combustion engine and improves acceleration of the internal combustion engine.3: The method as described in claim 1 , wherein the additive improves the lubricity of lubricant oils contained in the internal combustion engine for lubricating purposes by operating the internal combustion engine with the fuel containing an effective amount of at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I).4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein k is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦25.5: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 20000 g/mol determined according to DIN 55672-1 (polystyrene calibration standard).6: The method according to claim 1 , wherein (m+m′) is in the range of ≧3 to ≦65.7: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of (m+m′) to k is in the range of 0.3:1 to 6:1.8: The method according to claim 1 , wherein m is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25 and m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25.9: The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rdenotes an unsubstituted claim 1 , linear alkyl radical having 6 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 11 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 14 claim 1 , 15 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 17 or 18 carbon atoms.10: The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rdenotes —CH.11: The method according to claim 1 , whereinm is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,(m+m′) is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦50,n ...

Process for the generation of thin inorganic films

The present invention relates to a process for generating a thin inorganic film on a substrate. In particular, the present invention relates to a process in which a compound of formula (I) is brought into a gaseous or an aerosol state and deposited from the gaseous or aerosol state onto a solid substrate: In the formula (I), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a silyl group; p is 1, 2; M is Ni or Co; X is a σ-donating ligand which coordinates M; m is 1 or 2; and n is 0 to 3.

USE OF A POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of a polyalkylene glycol of formula HO-(A-O)—(CHCH—O)-(A-O)—H wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100, as an additive in a fuel. 1. A process of reducing fuel consumption , the process comprising:operating an internal combustion engine with fuel, said fuel comprising {'br': None, 'sub': p', '2', '2', 'm', 'q, 'HO-(A-O)—(CHCH—O)-(A-O)—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'a polyalkylene glycol of general formula I'}{'sub': 3', '20, 'wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100.'}2. A process for minimization of power loss in an internal combustion engine and for improving acceleration of an internal combustion engine , the process comprising:operating an internal combustion engine with fuel, said fuel comprising {'br': None, 'sub': p', '2', '2', 'm', 'q, 'HO-(A-O)—(CHCH—O)-(A-O)—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'a polyalkylene glycol of general formula I'}{'sub': 3', '20, 'wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100.'}3. A process for improving the lubricity of a lubricant oil contained in an internal combustion engine for lubricating purposes , the process comprising:operating an internal combustion engine with fuel, said fuel comprising {'br': None, 'sub': p', '2', '2', 'm', 'q, 'HO-(A-O)—(CHCH—O)-(A-O)—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'a polyalkylene glycol of general formula I'}{'sub': 3', '20, 'wherein A is a C- to C-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100;'}wherein said polyalkylene glycol of general formula I is present in the fuel in an amount effective for improving the lubricity of said lubricant oil.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': 3 ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AN IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR SELECTING AN ACCESS POINT

The present disclosure presents a method and apparatus for identifying an access point (AP) for selection by an access terminal (AT). For example, the method may include receiving a probe request by one or more APs from an AT, wherein the probe request is broadcasted by the AT to the one or more APs, generating load information and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values of the probe request at the one or more APs, identifying an AP of the one or more APs for selection by the AT, wherein the AP for selection by the AT is identified by the one or more APs based at least on the load information and RSSI values generated at the one or more APs, and transmitting information of an AP identified by the one or more APs to the AT. As such, an improved mechanism for selecting an access point may be achieved. 1. A method for identifying an access point (AP) for selection by an access terminal (AT) , comprising:receiving a probe request by one or more APs from an AT, wherein the probe request is broadcasted by the AT to the one or more APs;generating load information and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values of the probe request at the one or more APs;identifying an AP of the one or more APs for selection by the AT, wherein the AP for selection by the AT is identified by the one or more APs based at least on the load information and RSSI values generated at the one or more APs; andtransmitting information of an AP identified by the one or more APs to the AT.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the load information at an AP is generated as a utility function of at least one of a number of ATs connected to the AP claim 1 , traffic on the AP claim 1 , last association event claim 1 , latency claim 1 , backhaul quality claim 1 , and policy.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the APs are listed based on utility function values.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:computing rankings of the one or more APs by a central server.5. The method of claim 1 , ...

Item Sorting System and Method of Sorting

An item sorting system having a tray handling system and a tote handling system. The tray handling system having a tray conveying system, a tray transfer system, and optionally a tray storage region. The tote handling system may have a cubby array, the cubby array having a plurality of cubbies into which a tote may be placed. The system can transfer an item from the tray into the tote, and a method is disclosed for the same. 1. An item sorting system comprising: a tray conveying system defining a conveyor having a filling region, a pick-up region and a return region;', 'a tray transfer system having a robotic arm assembly and a tray handling tool wherein the tray handling tool is positioned at an end of the robotic arm, the tray handling tool structurally configured to retain a tray;, 'a tray handling system including'} 'at least one cubby structurally configured to retain a tote.', 'a tote handling system including'}2. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool can move between a pick-up region and the at least one cubby.3. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool can be positioned within the at least one cubby.4. The item sorting system of wherein the tray handling tool further comprises an upper tray attachment assembly and a lower tray attachment assembly claim 3 , wherein the lower tray attachment assembly can be moved relative to the upper tray attachment assembly when the tray handling tool is positioned within the at least one cubby.5. The item sorting system of wherein the at least one cubby has a entry opening and an exit opening opposite the entry opening claim 1 , with the robotic arm having access to the entry opening.6. The item sorting system of wherein the at least one cubby comprises a cubby array having at least a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns of cubbies.7. The item sorting system of wherein the conveyor further includes a queued region within which the pick-up region is defined.8. A tool for use in ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING A WHEEL

A method for handling a wheel which is carried by a spindle in which a robot arm grips the spindle at a robot gripping position and removes same from a transport vehicle. Since the wheel is not directly gripped by the robot arm, damage to the wheel that could be caused by clamping of the robot arm on the wheel is avoided. Preferably, before or during the removal of the spindle from the transport vehicle, a locking element on the transport vehicle releases the spindle. 1. A method for handling a wheel which is carried by a spindle , comprising:gripping a spindle carrying a wheel using a robot arm at a robot gripping position and removing the same from a transport vehicle.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , before or during the removal of the spindle from the transport vehicle claim 1 , a locking element on the transport vehicle releases the spindle.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , during the removal of the spindle from the transport vehicle claim 2 , the locking element automatically releases the spindle when a tensile force exerted on the spindle by the robot arm exceeds a threshold value.4. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , during the removal of the spindle from the transport vehicle claim 2 , the locking element releases the spindle with the aid of an actuator arranged in a stationary manner.5. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , before the removal of the spindle from the transport vehicle claim 2 , the robot arm actuates the locking element or a mechanical actuator element connected thereto claim 2 , and thereby releases the spindle.7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 , wherein a locking element for locking and releasing the spindle is provided on the transport vehicle.8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the locking element is suitable for automatically releasing the spindle as soon as a tensile force exerted on the spindle by the robot arm exceeds a threshold value.9. ...

Monitoring A Kinematically Redundant Robot

A method for monitoring a kinematically redundant robot includes detecting joint forces acting in the joints of the robot, determining an external work force between a robot-permanent reference point and an environment based on the detected joint forces, determining a further monitoring variable that is at least substantially independent of an external force acting on the robot-permanent reference point based on the detected joint forces, and monitoring the determined external work force and the determined further monitoring variable. 1. A method for monitoring a kinematically redundant robot , the method comprising:detecting joint forces acting in joints of the robot;determining an external work force between a robot-permanent reference point and an environment based on the detected joint forces;determining, based on the detected joint forces, a further monitoring variable which is at least substantially independent of an external force acting on the robot-permanent reference point; andmonitoring the determined external work force and the determined further monitoring variable.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:triggering a first safety reaction when the determined external work force fulfills a first variably definable monitoring condition; andtriggering the first safety reaction or a second safety reaction when the determined further monitoring variable fulfills the first monitoring condition or a second pre-definable monitoring condition.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the further monitoring variable comprises an external force spaced apart from the robot-permanent reference point.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the further monitoring variable comprises an external force spaced apart from the robot-permanent reference point.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the joint forces are mapped onto the external work force by a first linear mapping.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the joint forces are mapped onto the external work force by a first ...

USE OF A COMPLEX ESTER TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel for minimization of power loss in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel. 1. A method of minimizing power loss in the operation of an internal combustion engine , comprising:adding to a fuel a complex ester obtainable by an esterification reaction between{'sub': 2', '12, '(A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acid,'}(B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and [{'sub': 1', '30, '(C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or'}, {'sub': 1', '30, '(C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohol in case of an excess of component (A).'}], '(C) as a chain stopping agent'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (A) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic linear C- to C-dicarboxylic acids.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerin claim 1 , trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (C) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of (C1) aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-monocarboxylic acids claim 1 , and (C2) linear or branched C- to C-alkanols.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex ester is composed of from 2 to 9 molecule units of component (A) and of from 3 to 10 molecule units of component (B) claim 1 , component (B) being in excess compared with component (A) claim 1 , with remaining free hydroxyl groups of (B) being ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CHANNEL SELECTION IN A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK

In an aspect, methods and apparatus of communication include detecting a channel reselection condition for triggering reselection from a current channel to a first potential channel. The methods and apparatus further include determining that a first timer value meets or exceeds a first timer threshold value based at least in part on detecting the channel reselection condition. Additionally, the methods and apparatus include selecting the first potential channel from a channel list when the first timer value meets or exceeds the first timer threshold value. In another aspect, methods and apparatus include detecting an initial channel selection condition for triggering selection of a first initial channel. The methods and apparatus further include forming a channel list including one or more channels based on one or more channel selection parameters. Additionally, the methods and apparatus include selecting the first initial channel from the channel list. 1. A method of communication , comprising:detecting, at an access point, a channel reselection condition for triggering reselection from a current channel to a first potential channel;determining that a first timer value meets or exceeds a first timer threshold value based at least in part on detecting the channel reselection condition; andselecting the first potential channel from a channel list when the first timer value meets or exceeds the first timer threshold value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining whether a second timer value associated with the first potential channel meets or exceeds a second timer threshold value.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second timer value comprises a time duration value between a previous selection of the first potential channel by the access point and a current selection of the first potential channel.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising performing channel reselection to the first potential channel when the second timer value meets or exceeds ...

WEIGHT MATERIAL CUTTING, DISPENSING AND APPLYING SYSTEMS

A feed and cutting unit for selectively cutting and dispensing individual weight material segments from a common strip of backing material is disclosed. The feed and cutting unit comprises a feed assembly, a sensor and a cutter member. The feed assembly includes a drive roller and a follower roller that frictionally engages first and second surfaces of a strip of weight material to selectively move the strip of weight material to a cutter member. The sensor is connected to a controller and measures an amount of segmented weight material on the backing material as the strip of weight material moves past the sensor. The cutter member is actuated to separate weight material segments from the backing material by cutting at least a portion of the backing material in a gap disposed between adjacent segments. Weight apply devices that receive the segments for application to an imbalanced member, are also disclosed.

Sb Nanocrystals or Sb-Alloy Nanocrystals for Fast Charge/Discharge Li- and Na-ion Battery Anodes

A method for the production of SbMnanoparticles is described that comprises the steps of 1. A method for the production of SbMnanoparticles , wherein {'br': None, '0≦x<2'}, 'M is an element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ni, Cu, In, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, Fe, Co, Ga, and'}by reducing an antimony salt and optionally an alloying metal with a hydride in an anhydrous polar solvent,separating the solid product formed from the solution, and washing the product with water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid product formed from the solution is separated via centrifugation.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein x is 0.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein M is Sn.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein M is Sn and x is 1.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduction is performed at elevated reaction temperature.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reduction is performed at a temperature of 60±10° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydride is selected from the group consisting of NaBH claim 1 , lithium hydride claim 1 , sodium hydride claim 1 , potassium hydride claim 1 , magnesium hydride claim 1 , calcium hydride claim 1 , tributyltinhydride claim 1 , diisobutyl aluminum hydride claim 1 , lithium aluminum hydride claim 1 , lithium triethylborohydride and mixtures thereof.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the hydride is NaBH.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anhydrous polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) claim 1 , hexamethylphosphoramide claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-dimethyl-3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone claim 1 , dimethylsulfoxide claim 1 , sulfolane claim 1 , glyme claim 1 , diglyme claim 1 , triethylene glycol dimethylether claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the anhydrous polar solvent is NMP.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimony salt is selected from the group consisting of antimony ...

NANOPARTICLES COMPRISED OF SHELLS ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED ENTITIES AND FORMED FROM MONOMERS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING NANOPARTICLES

The present invention relates to relates to a nanoparticle that includes a shell formed from a first monomer having a first charge and a second monomer different than the first monomer. The first and second monomers are copolymerized, and the shell encapsulates a core region and is associated with a charged entity having a second charge of opposite sign to the first charge. The present invention further relates to a nanoparticle having a neutral charge. The present invention further relates to nanoparticle dispersions, methods of making the nanoparticle, methods of method of imaging, methods of delivering drugs, and methods of delivering a high concentration of contrast enhancing and/or imaging agents. 1. A nanoparticle comprising:a shell formed from a first monomer having a first charge and a second monomer different than the first monomer, said first and second monomers being copolymerized, wherein said shell encapsulates a core region and is associated with a charged entity having a second charge of opposite sign to the first charge.2. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the charged entity is derived from a surfactant.3. The nanoparticle of claim 2 , wherein the charged entity is derived from a cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of C-Calkyl dimethylammonium acetamide claim 2 , C-Calkyl trimethylammonium claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the charged entity is a charged substituent.5. The nanoparticle of claim 4 , wherein the charged substituent is a metal selected from the group consisting of silver claim 4 , gold claim 4 , copper claim 4 , platinum claim 4 , iron claim 4 , manganese claim 4 , cobalt claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer and the second monomer are covalently linked.7. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the first charge is negative and the second charge is positive.8. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the first charge is positive ...

Switching A Control Of A Robot Into A Manual Operating Mode

A method for switching a control of a robot into a manual operating mode, wherein the robot is movable by a user manually applying at least one of a force or a torque upon the robot, includes detecting at least one of joint forces or joint torques of the robot, and triggering an error reaction in response to the switching and based on at least one of the detected joint forces and/or joint torques, target joint forces and/or target joint torques, or a pose of the robot. 1. A method for switching a control of a robot into a manual operating mode wherein the robot is movable by a user manually applying at least one of a force or a torque upon the robot , the method comprising:detecting with a robot controller at least one of joint forces or joint torques; the detected joint forces and/or joint torques,', 'target joint forces and/or target joint torques, or', 'a pose of the robot., 'triggering an error reaction in response to the switching and based on at least one of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the error reaction is triggered based on whether at least one of:a vertical force determined based on the detected joint forces and/or joint torques of the robot, acting externally upon the robot, exceeds a predetermined vertical force threshold;a horizontal torque externally acting upon the robot and determined based on detected joint forces and/or joint torques exceeds a predetermined horizontal torque threshold;a change of a target joint force or a target joint torque resulting from the switching exceeds a change threshold;a ratio of a vertical force, acting externally upon the robot, to joint forces and/or joint torques of the robot resulting from the vertical force, or a ratio of a horizontal torque acting externally upon the robot to joint forces and/or joint torque of the robot resulting from the horizontal torque, exceeds a pose threshold; ora joint force of the robot resulting from one of a force acting externally upon the robot or a torque acting externally upon ...

DAMPING STATION FOR AN OVERHEAD CONVEYOR SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR DAMPING VIBRATIONS OF CARGO OF AN OVERHEAD CONVEYOR SYSTEM

A damping station for an overhead conveyor system for damping vibrations of cargo, wherein overhead conveyor system cargo can be conveyed suspended from the overhead conveyor system. The damping station includes a vibration detection device designed to generate a signal in accordance with a mechanical vibration state of cargo suspended from the conveyor device, a damping device with a mechanical contact device movable by an actuator, the contact device being designed to enter into mechanical operative connection with cargo suspended from the conveyor device, and a control unit, which is connected at least to the vibration detection device and the damping device, the control unit being designed to actuate the damping device depending on the signal of the vibration detection device such that, by means of the actuator, a force is exerted onto the cargo via the contact device in such a way that a vibration of the cargo is damped. A method for damping vibrations in cargo on an overhead conveyor system is also provided. 1. A damping station for an overhead conveyor system for damping vibrations of load goods , wherein by means of the overhead conveyor system load goods can be conveyed overhead by conveying devices , comprising:a) a vibration detection device configured to generate a signal corresponding to a mechanical vibration state of a load good suspended on a conveying device,b) a damping device with a mechanical contact device which is movable by means of an actuator, the contact device being configured to engage in a mechanical operative connection with the load good suspended on the conveying device by means of the actuator, 'wherein the control device is configured to control the damping device in dependence on the signal of the vibration detection device such that by means of the actuator a force is exerted on the load good via the contact device such that a vibration of the load good is damped.', 'c) a control device connected at least to the vibration ...

Regenerating copper-containing catalysts used in hydrogenation of methylol-aldehydes to methylol-alcohols involves treatment in oxygen-containing medium and re-activation in hydrogen-containing medium

Catalysts containing copper as an active component ,and used in the hydrogenation of methylol-aldehydes to methylol-alcohols, are regenerated in an oxygen-containing medium and activated prior to re-use in a hydrogen-containing medium. An Independent claim is included for use of the catalyst regeneration process is in the hydrogenation of hydroxypivalaldehyde, 2,2-dimethylolbutanal, 2,2-dimethylolpropionaldehyde, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and/or trimethylolacetaldehyde.

C 13? alcohol mixture and functionalised c 13? alcohol mixture

The invention relates to a method for producing a C13 alcohol mixture, according to which a) a stream of C4 hydrocarbon containing butenes, which includes less than 5 % by weight of iso-butene in relation to the butene fraction, is brought into contact with a heterogeneous catalyst containing a nickel at a raised temperature, b) a C12 olefin fraction is isolated from the reaction mixture, c) the C12 olefin fraction is hydroformulated by being reacted with carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and d) is hydrated. The alcohol mixture thus obtained is suitable for producing surfactants by alkoxylation, glycosidation, sulphation, phosphation, alkoxylation and subsequent sulphation or alkoxylation and subsequent phosphation.

Method of preparing surface-active alcohols and surface-active alcoholic ethers, products obtained by said method and their use

The invention relates to a method of preparing surface-active alcohols and surface-active alcoholic ethers which are well suited for use as surface-active agents or for the preparation of surface-active agents. To this end, olefin mixtures containing a predominant share of branched dodecenes are prepared from olefin mixtures containing less than 30 % by weight linear hexene isomers, using a catalyst containing nickel, and derivatized to form surface-active alcohols which are then possibly alkoxylated. The invention also relates to the use of said surface-active alcohols and surface-active alcoholic ethers for the preparation of surface-active agents by glycosidation or polyglycosidation, sulfation or phosphation.

C13 alcohol mixture and functionalised c13 alcohol mixture

A process for preparing a C<SUB>13</SUB>-alcohol mixture comprises a) bringing a butene-containing C<SUB>4</SUB>-hydrocarbon stream containing less than 5% by weight, based on the butene fraction, of isobutene into contact with a nickel-containing heterogeneous catalyst at elevated temperature, b) isolating a C<SUB>12</SUB>-olefin fraction from the reaction mixture, c) hydroformylating the C<SUB>12</SUB>-olefin fraction by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and d) hydrogenating the product from c). The alcohol mixture is suitable for preparing surfactants by alkoxylation, glycosidation, sulfation, phosphation, alkoxylation and subsequent sulfation or alkoxylation and subsequent phosphation.

Method for producing surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers, the resulting products and their use

The invention relates to a method for producing novel surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers by derivatising olefins with approximately 10 to 20 C-atoms or mixtures of such olefins to produce alkanols and optionally, subsequently alkoxylating them. The method is characterised in that a C4-olefin-mixture is subjected to metathesis, the resulting olefins are dimerised and then derivatised to produce surfactant alcohols, and these are optionally alkoxylated. The olefin mixture obtained from dimerisation contains a large proportion of branched components and less than 10 wt. % of compounds containing a vinylidene group. The invention also relates to the use of surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers for producing surfactants by glycosylation or polyglycosylation, sulphation or phosphation.

Method for producing alcohol surfactants and alcohol ether surfactants, the products obtained and their use

The invention describes a process for the preparation of surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers which are, inter alia, highly suitable as surfactants or for the preparation of surfactants. The process, starting from olefin mixtures having a defined minimum content of linear hexenes, gives mixtures having a predominant fraction of branched dodecenes, which are subsequently derivatized to give surfactant alcohols and then optionally alkoxylated. The surfactant alcohol mixture obtained in the process has a degree of branching of from 2.0 to 3.0 and in particular exhibits advantageous properties as regards ecotoxicity and biodegradability. A description is also given of the use of the surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers as surfactants by glycosidation or polyglycosidation, sulfation or phosphation.

Method for producing essentially unbranched octenes and dodecenes by oligomerising unbranched butenes

The invention relates to a method for producing essentially unbranched octenes and dodecenes by oligomerising flows of hydrocarbons containing butene-1 and/or butene-2 and butane, said hydrocarbon flows being essentially free of isobutene, at temperatures of 30 to 280 °C and at a pressure of 10 to 300 bar over a heterogenous catalyst containing nickel. According to the invention, sufficient quantities of the butane which has separated from the reaction mixture and sufficient quantities of non-reacted butene are reintroduced into the oligomerisation reaction to ensure that the maximum quantity of oligomers contained in the reacted reaction mixture does not exceed 25 wt. % in any part of the reactor or if a reactor cascade is used, in any part of the cascade.

Oligomerisation catalyst, a method for production and the use thereof

The invention relates to a method for the production of an oligomerisation catalyst for olefins with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, comprising treating aluminium oxide with a nickel compound and a sulphur compound. The treatment may occur simultaneously, or with the nickel compound first and, subsequently, with the sulphur compound. The catalyst obtained thus, is finally dried and calcified, whereby said prepared catalyst, as obtained, is adjusted to give a molar ratio of sulphur to nickel of from 0.25: 1 to 0.38: 1. The catalyst and its use are also disclosed.

Processo para oligomerizacao de c6-olefinas

Process for the preparation of Mannich adducts containing polyisobutene phenol

The invention relates to a method for producing Mannich adducts that contain polyisobutylene phenol by: a) alkylating a phenol with highly-reactive polyisobutylene at a temperature lower than approximately 50 DEG C and in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reacting the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or with a polymer of the formaldehyde and with at least one amine, which has at least one secondary amino function and does not have any primary amino function; or c) reacting the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct consisting of at least one amine, which has at least one secondary or primary amino function, and with formaldehyde, an oligomer of the formaldehyde, a polymer of the formaldehyde or with a formaldehyde equivalent. The invention also relates to Mannich adducts that can be obtained by using this method, to the use of the Mannich adducts as detergent additives in fuel compositions and lubricant compositions, and to additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions containing these Mannich adducts.

Alkoxylated alkylphenols used as additives for fuel or lubricant compositions, have a long-chain alkyl group with tertiary or quaternary carbon atoms

Use of alkoxylated alkylphenols having a long-chain alkyl group with \- 1 tertiary or quaternary carbon atoms as additives for fuel or lubricant compositions. Use of alkoxylated alkylphenols of formula (I) as additives for fuel or lubricant additives. (RaRbmRcn)B-(O-A)p-OH (I) Ra-Rc = polyalkenyl containing \- 1 tertiary or quaternary C atom; B = a benzene ring which can still carry 4 - (m + n) alkyl or alkoxy substituents other than Ra - Rc; A = 2-8C alkylene, with the alkylene oxide groups (O-A) being the same or different and being of any desired sequence; m and n = 0 or 1; p = an integer 5-200; and (Ra(Rb)m(Rc)n)B has Mn = 254-5,000. Independent claims are also included for: (i) new compounds (IA) in which the polyalkenyl groups Ra - Rc are derived from polyalkenes which are made up to an extent of \- 70 wt.% by isobutene and which are at least mono-unsaturated, with \- 70 mol.% of the polyalkenes being terminated by Me vinylidene (-C(CH3)=CH2) and/or dimethyl vinyl (-CH=C(CH3)2) groups; and (ii) preparation of compounds (I).

Sb nanocrystals or Sb-alloy nanocrystals for fast charge/discharge Li- and Na-ion battery anodes

Electrical contact device controlled by a clockwork movement

Method for oligomerizing C6 olefins

In a process for oligomerizing C6-olefins by reactin of a C6-olefin-containing reaction mixture over a nickel-containing fixed-bed catalyst, the reaction over the fixed-bed catalyst is run at a conversion to oligomerized C6-olefins of not more than 30% by weight, based on the reaction mixture.

Method for producing Mannich adducts that contain polyisobutylene phenol, Mannich adduct, the use of them and composition containing these Mannich adducts.

The invention relates to a method for producing Mannich adducts that contain polyisobutylene phenol by: a) alkylating a phenol with highly-reactive polyisobutylene at a temperature lower than approximately 50 DEG C and in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reacting the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or with a polymer of the formaldehyde and with at least one amine of formula HNR4R5, where R4 and R5 are selected from C1- to C20-alkyl radicals; or c) reacting the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct consisting of at least one amine, which has at least one secondary or primary amino function, and with formaldehyde, an oligomer of the formaldehyde, a polymer of the formaldehyde or with a formaldehyde equivalent, wherein in step c), an adduct which is obtained from at least one amine and formaldehyde, an oligomer of formaldehyde, a polymer of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde equivalent by reacting the two reactants for at least 15 minutes at above +15 C is used. The invention also relates to Mannich adducts that can be obtained by using this method, to the use of the Mannich adducts as detergent additives in fuel compositions and lubricant compositions, and to additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions containing these Mannich adducts.

Use of amines and/or Mannich adducts in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct injection spark ignition engines

The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

Antimony based anode material for rechargeable batteries and preparation method

Use of amines and/or mannich adducts in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct injection spark ignition engines

The invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direction injection spark ignition engines. The invention also relates to fuel and lubricant compositions containing at least one such Mannich adduct, and to a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

Methods and apparatus for channel selection in a wireless local area network

In an aspect, methods and apparatus of communication include detecting a channel reselection condition for triggering reselection from a current channel to a first potential channel. The methods and apparatus further include determining that a first timer value meets or exceeds a first timer threshold value based at least in part on detecting the channel reselection condition. Additionally, the methods and apparatus include selecting the first potential channel from a channel list when the first timer value meets or exceeds the first timer threshold value. In another aspect, methods and apparatus include detecting an initial channel selection condition for triggering selection of a first initial channel. The methods and apparatus further include forming a channel list including one or more channels based on one or more channel selection parameters. Additionally, the methods and apparatus include selecting the first initial channel from the channel list.

Process for the selective hydrogenation of dienes in reformate flows

In the process for the selective hydrogenation of dienes in supply flows containing them, such a flow is hydrogenated on a nickel-containing precipitating catalyst at a temperature of between 40 and 100 °C, a pressure of between 3 and 20 bar and a WHSV (weight hourly space velocity) of between 1 and 10 kg/(lxh) in the presence of free hydrogen.

Improved fluid applicator

A fluid applicator having a body with a fluid inlet in communication with a reservoir of fluid to be dispensed. The applicator further includes a plurality of applicator tines extending outwardly from an application area of the body, and the tines are at least partially flexible. Moreover, at least some of the tines include a fluid pathway. Additionally, the applicator further includes a handle portion generally above the application area. An actuator is located on the body adjacent the front end and generally above and off-center from the application area. The actuator is operably configured to selectively dispense a predetermined amount of fluid to the fluid pathways of the tines for accurate and consistent dispensing and application of the fluid to a target surface.

Switching a control of a robot into a manual operating mode

A method for switching a control of a robot into a manual operating mode, wherein the robot is movable by a user manually applying at least one of a force or a torque upon the robot, includes detecting at least one of joint forces or joint torques of the robot, and triggering an error reaction in response to the switching and based on at least one of the detected joint forces and/or joint torques, target joint forces and/or target joint torques, or a pose of the robot.

Specific polyisobuteneamines and their use as detergents in fuels

Disclosed are polyisobutene amines of general formula R1CH2-NR2R3 in which R1 represents a polyisobutyl radical that is derived from isobutene and up to 20 percent by weight of n-butene and has a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from 600 to 770, and R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen, a C1-C18 alkyl radical, C2-C18 alkenyl radical, C4-C18 cycloalkyl radical, C1-C18 alkyl aryl radical, hydroxy-C1-C18 alkyl radical, poly(oxyalkyl) radical, polyalkylene polyamine radical, or polyalkylene imine radical, or a heterocyclic ring along with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded. Said polyisobutene amines are suitable as detergents in gasolines, reduce valve stickiness, and improve compatibility of the detergents with flotation oils and compatibility in fuel compositions containing a mineral fuel percentage and C1-C4 alkanols.

Preparation of polyisobutenylphenol-containing mannich adducts

The invention relates to a method for producing Mannich adducts that contain polyisobutylene phenol by: a) alkylating a phenol with highly-reactive polyisobutylene having a numerical average molecular weight of less than 1 0 00 and with a polydispersivity of less than 3.0, at a temperature lower than 50 ~C and in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reacting the reaction product from a) with; b1) an aldehyde, selected among formaldehydes, with an oligomer and with a polymer of the formaldehyde, and with; b2) at least one amine which has at least one primary or one secondary amino function. The invention also relates to Mannich adducts that can be obtained by using this method, to the use of the Mannich adducts as detergent additives in fuel compositions and lubricant compositions, and to additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions containing these Mannich adducts.</S DOAB>

Special polyisobutene amines, and use thereof as detergents in fuels

DISCLOSED ARE POLYISOBUTENE AMINES OF GENERAL FORMULA R1CH2-NR2R3 IN WHICH R1 REPRESENTS A POLYISOBUTYL RADICAL THAT IS DERIVED FROM ISOBUTENE AND UP TO 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF N-BUTENE AND HAS A NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT Mn RANGING FROM 600 TO 770, AND R2 AND R3 INDEPENDENTLY REPRESENT HYDROGEN, A C1-C18 ALKYL RADICAL, C2-C18 ALKENYL RADICAL, C4-C18 CYCLOALKYL RADICAL, C1-C18 ALKYL ARYL RADICAL, HYDROXY-C1-C18 ALKYL RADICAL, POLY(OXYALKYL) RADICAL, POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE RADICAL, OR POLYALKYLENE IMINE RADICAL, OR A HETEROCYCLIC RING ALONG WITH THE NITROGEN ATOM TO WHICH THEY ARE BONDZED. SAID POLYISOBUTENE AMINES ARE SUITABLE AS DETERGENTS IN GASOLINES, REDUCE VALVE STICKINESS, AND IMPROVE COMPATIBILITY OF THE DETERGENTS WITH FLOTATION OILS AND COMPATIBILITY IN FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A MINERAL FUEL PERCENTAGE AND C1-C4 ALKANOLS.

Functional fluids containing alkylene oxide copolymers having low pulmonary toxicity

Striking device for pendulum or pendulum

Weight material cutting, dispensing and applying systems

A feed and cutting unit for selectively cutting and dispensing individual weight material segments from a common strip of backing material is disclosed. The feed and cutting unit comprises a feed assembly, a sensor and a cutter member. The feed assembly includes a drive roller and a follower roller that frictionally engages first and second surfaces of a strip of weight material to selectively move the strip of weight material to a cutter member. The sensor is connected to a controller and measures an amount of segmented weight material on the backing material as the strip of weight material moves past the sensor. The cutter member is actuated to separate weight material segments from the backing material by cutting at least a portion of the backing material in a gap disposed between adjacent segments. Weight apply devices that receive the segments for application to an imbalanced member, are also disclosed.

Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel

Abstract The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula 0'1 0 0 p O2 m m p-H wherein m, m', n, n', p, p' and k are integers in the range of > 1, R1 denotes an unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl radical, R2 denotes -CH 2-CH3, and R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or CH3, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal com bustion engine with this fuel.

Monitoring of a kinematically redundant robot

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Überwachen eines kinematisch redundanten Roboters (1), umfasst die Schritte: Erfassen (S10, S20) von Gelenkkräften ( τ , T̂ e ), die in Gelenken des Roboters wirken; Ermitteln (S30) von einer externen Wirkkraft ( f̂ w ) zwischen einer roboterfesten Referenz (TCP) und einer Umgebung auf Basis der erfassten Gelenkkräfte; Ermitteln (S40) von einer weiteren Überwachungsgröße (τ̂ NS ), die wenigstens im Wesentlichen unabhängig von einer auf die roboterfeste Referenz wirkenden externen Kraft ist, auf Basis der erfassten Gelenkkräfte; und Überwachen (S50, S60) der ermittelten externen Wirkkraft und der ermittelten weiteren Überwachungsgröße. An inventive method for monitoring a kinematically redundant robot (1), comprises the steps: Detecting (S10, S20) joint forces ( τ , T e ) acting in joints of the robot; Determining (S30) an external force ( f w ) between a robot-fixed reference (TCP) and an environment based on the detected joint forces; Determining (S40) a further amount of monitoring (τ NS ) at least substantially independent of an external force acting on the robot fixed reference based on the detected joint forces; and Monitoring (S50, S60) the determined external active force and the determined further monitored variable.

Use of a polyalkylene glycol to reduce fuel consumption

The use of a polyalkylene glycol of formula HO-(A-O)p-(CH2CH2-O)m-(A-O)q-H wherein A is a C3- to C20-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100, as an additive in a fuel.

reaction product use, fuel composition, and additive concentrate

Method for oligomerizing c6 olefins

The invention relates to a method for oligomerizing C6 olefins by reacting a reaction mixture containing C6 olefins on a fixed-bed catalyst containing nickel. According to the inventive method, the reaction taking place on the fixed-bed catalyst leads to the production of a maximum of 30 wt. % of oligomerized C6 olefins with regard to the reaction mixture.

Quaternized polyetheramines and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

The present invention relates to innovative quaternized polyetheramines and to the preparation thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive. More particularly the invention relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The invention also provides additive packages comprising these polyetheramines, and fuels and lubricants additized therewith. The invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for improving the intake system cleanliness of gasoline engines.

Method for the preparation of Mannich adducts containing polyisobutylene phenol

Medical robot and method for meeting the performance requirement of a medical robot

Die Erfindung betrifft einen medizinischen Roboter (R) und ein Verfahren zur Erfüllung der Performanceanforderung eines medizinischen Roboters (R). Der Roboter (R) weist mehrere Achsen (1-6) und eine Steuerungsvorrichtung (17) auf. An einer Befestigungsvorrichtung (18) des Roboters (R) wird ein medizinisches Werkzeug (21-24) befestigt und der Arbeitsbereich (30) des Roboters (R) wird durch die Steuerungsvorrichtung (17) insbesondere in sicherer Technik derart angepasst, dass der Roboter (R) die Performanceanforderung der mit dem medizinischen Werkzeug (21-24) durchzuführenden Applikation erfüllt. The invention relates to a medical robot (R) and a method for meeting the performance requirement of a medical robot (R). The robot (R) has a plurality of axes (1-6) and a control device (17). A medical tool (21-24) is attached to a fastening device (18) of the robot (R) and the working area (30) of the robot (R) is adapted by the control device (17), in particular using secure technology, such that the robot (FIG. R) fulfills the performance requirement of the application to be performed with the medical tool (21-24).

Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel

The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula wherein m, m', n, n', p, p' and k are integers in the range of ≥ 1, R 1 denotes an unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl radical, R 2 denotes -CH 2 -CH 3 , and R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom or - CH 3 , as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

Polyethers and the use thereof as carrier oils

The present invention relates to polyethers which are obtainable from 1-butene oxide and an alcohol using a double metal cyanide compound as a catalyst and have a content of unsaturated components of 6 mol% or more, to a process for preparing such a polyether and also to the use of a polyether according to the invention as a carrier oil or in a carrier oil formulation, in particular in additive packages for gasoline fuels, and furthermore also to carrier oil formulations and also to fuels comprising a polyether according to the invention.

C13 ALCOHOL MIXTURE AND FUNCTIONALIZED C13 ALCOHOL MIXTURE

Method for producing mannich adducts that contains polyisobutylene phenol

Eljárás poliizobutén-fenol-tartalmú Mannich-adduktok előállítására,ahol egy fenolt körülbelül 50 °C alatti hőmérsékleten megfelelőalkilezési katalizátor jelenlétében valamilyen nagy reakcióképességű,1000-nél kisebb szám szerinti átlagos molekulatömegű és 3,0-nál kisebbpolidiszperzitású poliizobuténnel alkileznek; b) az a) pontban kapottreakcióterméket b1) a formaldehid, a formaldehid valamilyen oligomerjeés polimerje közül választott aldehiddel és b2) legalább egy, legalábbegy primer vagy szekunder aminofunkcióval rendelkező aminnalreagáltatják. A találmány tárgya továbbá ezen eljárással előállíthatóMannich-adduktok, a Mannich-adduktok detergens-adalékanyagként történőalkalmazása üzemanyag- és kenőanyag-kompozíciókban, valamint ezenMannich-adduktokat tartalmazó adalékkoncentrátumok, üzemanyag- éskenőanyag-kompozíciók. Ó A process for preparing Mannich adducts containing polyisobutene-phenol, wherein the phenol is alkylated at a temperature below about 50 ° C in the presence of a suitable alkylation catalyst with a high reactivity polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of less than 1000 and a polydispersity of less than 3.0; b) reacting the reaction product obtained in a) with b1) an aldehyde selected from formaldehyde, an oligomer and a polymer of formaldehyde, and b2) at least one amine having at least one primary or secondary amino function. The present invention further relates to the use of Mannich adducts obtainable by this process, the use of Mannich adducts as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and to additive concentrates containing these Mannich adducts, fuel and lubricant compositions. SHE

Improved fluid applicator

A fluid applicator having a body with a fluid inlet in communication with a reservoir of fluid to be dispensed. The applicator further includes a plurality of applicator tines extending outwardly from an application area of the body, and the tines are at least partially flexible. Moreover, at least some of the tines include a fluid pathway. Additionally, the applicator further includes a handle portion generally above the application area. An actuato (10)is located on the body adjacent the front end and generally above and off-center from the application area. The actuator is operably configured to selectively dispense a predetermined amount of fluid to the fluid pathways of the tines for accurate and consistent dispensing and application of the fluid to a target surface.

Polyethers and their use as carrier oils

Alarm clock with electric alarm device

Machine with cross-transport device and method for producing a casing using the machine

The machine has a base body comprising front and rear processing sides, and a tool assembly (14) for processing a workpiece (32) made from metal. A cross-transport device (30) transports the workpiece from the rear processing side to the front processing side through a passage opening. The transport device has a central rail (36) that runs through the passage opening. The transport device stays in force-transmission connection with the tool assembly in such a manner that forces produced during deformation of the workpiece are partially braced by the transport device. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a cylindrical casing from a workpiece made from metal.

Special polyisobutene amines, and use thereof as detergents in fuels

Mixture of adipic or phthalic acid diesters and isomeric nonanols

The invention relates to a mixture of diesters of a dicarboxylic acid and isomeric nonanols. Said mixture is selected among a mixture of adipic acid diesters in whose 1H-NMR spectrum, obtained in CDCl¿3?, the ratio of the surface area below the resonance signals in case of chemical shifts of between 1.0 and 2.0 ppm towards TMS to the surface area below the resonance signals in case of chemical shifts of between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm towards TMS is between 1.20 and 5.00. Alternatively said mixture is selected among a mixture of phthalic acid diesters in whose ?1¿H-NMR spectrum, obtained in CDCl¿3?, the ratio of the surface area below the resonance signals in case of chemical shifts of between 1.1 and 3.0 ppm towards TMS to the surface area below the resonance signals in case of chemical shifts of between 0.5 and 1.1 ppm towards TMS is between 1.00 and 4.00. The above adipic and phthalic acid diesters are suitable for use as softeners for moulding materials on a PVC basis and characterized by high compatibility, low brittleness temperature, low stiffness in torsion and/or high thermal stability.

Tertiary amines for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines

Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with Ci- to C2o-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition.