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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 38227. Отображено 100.
05-01-2012 дата публикации

Microbial fuel cell and membrane cassette for microbial fuel cells

Номер: US20120003504A1
Принадлежит: Kajima Corp

[PROBLEMS] To provide a microbial fuel cell whose parts can be replaced without lowering the energy recovery efficiency and a membrane cassette for microbial fuel cells. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A negative electrode ( 10 ) supporting anaerobic microorganisms ( 11 ) is immersed in an organic substrate (S). A positive electrode ( 15 ) sealed together with an electrolyte (D) in a closed hollow cassette ( 20 ) having an outer shell ( 25 ) at least a part of which is formed of an ion-permeable membrane ( 21 ), an inlet ( 22 ), and an outlet ( 23 ) or connected to the inner side of an ion-permeable membrane ( 21 ) is inserted into the organic substrate (S). While oxygen (O) is supplied into the cassette ( 20 ) through the inlet ( 22 ) and the outlet ( 23 ), electricity is taken out through a circuit ( 18 ) electrically interconnecting the negative and positive electrodes ( 10, 15 ). Preferably, the outer shell ( 25 ) of the closed hollow cassette ( 20 ) is a hollow outer shell frame ( 25 ) having an opening ( 26 ) which is closed by stretching an ion-permeable membrane ( 21 ), an inlet ( 22 ), and an outlet ( 23 ), and the ion-permeable membrane ( 21 ) is a membrane/electrode assembly (MEA) formed integrally with the positive electrode ( 15 ).

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10-06-2016 дата публикации

Биоэлектрохимический топливный элемент

Номер: RU0000162308U1

Биоэлектрохимический топливный элемент, выполненный в виде ячейки, разделенной протонообменной мембраной на анодную камеру с анодом и катодную с катодом, при этом анодная камера герметична, а катодная аэрируется, отличающийся тем, что анод и катод, в соответствующих камерах, выполнены из микроканальных пластин, к которым подведен токосниматель. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК H01M 8/16 (13) 162 308 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2015141501/07, 29.09.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 29.09.2015 (45) Опубликовано: 10.06.2016 Бюл. № 16 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Иркутский государственный университет" (RU) R U 1 6 2 3 0 8 (57) Формула полезной модели Биоэлектрохимический топливный элемент, выполненный в виде ячейки, разделенной протонообменной мембраной на анодную камеру с анодом и катодную с катодом, при этом анодная камера герметична, а катодная аэрируется, отличающийся тем, что анод и катод, в соответствующих камерах, выполнены из микроканальных пластин, к которым подведен токосниматель. Стр.: 1 U 1 U 1 (54) БИОЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ ТОПЛИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ 1 6 2 3 0 8 Адрес для переписки: 666400, г. Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1, ФГБОУ ВПО "ИГУ", патентный отдел R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 29.09.2015 (72) Автор(ы): Паперный Виктор Львович (RU), Борохоев Николай Дмитриевич (RU), Стом Дэвард Иосифович (RU), Толстой Михаил Юрьевич (RU), Саксонов Михаил Наумович (RU), Кошелев Николай Алексеевич (RU), Шипицин Николай Викторович (RU) U 1 U 1 1 6 2 3 0 8 1 6 2 3 0 8 R U R U Стр.: 2

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20-12-2016 дата публикации

Гибридная протон-проводящая мембрана для топливного элемента

Номер: RU0000167106U1

Гибридная протонпроводящая мембрана для топливного элемента, состоящая из перфторированной сульфокатионитовой мембраны, полианилина и платиновой дисперсии, отличающаяся тем, что слой платиновой дисперсии толщиной до 200 нм размещен на поверхности мембраны и включает частицы платины размером до 50 нм, при этом содержание платиновой дисперсии в нем составляет 2-20% по массе от общего содержания элементов. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК H01M 4/94 (13) 167 106 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016131120/07, 27.07.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.07.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 20.12.2016 Бюл. № 35 R U 1 6 7 1 0 6 (57) Формула полезной модели Гибридная протонпроводящая мембрана для топливного элемента, состоящая из перфторированной сульфокатионитовой мембраны, полианилина и платиновой дисперсии, отличающаяся тем, что слой платиновой дисперсии толщиной до 200 нм размещен на поверхности мембраны и включает частицы платины размером до 50 нм, при этом содержание платиновой дисперсии в нем составляет 2-20% по массе от общего содержания элементов. Стр.: 1 U 1 U 1 (54) ГИБРИДНАЯ ПРОТОН-ПРОВОДЯЩАЯ МЕМБРАНА ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА 1 6 7 1 0 6 Адрес для переписки: 350040, г. Краснодар, ул. Ставропольская, 149, ФГБОУ ВО "Кубанский государственный университет", отдел интеллектуальной собственности (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГУ") (RU) R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 27.07.2016 (72) Автор(ы): Фалина Ирина Владимировна (RU), Попова Дарья Сергеевна (RU), Кононенко Наталья Анатольевна (RU), Шкирская Светлана Алексеевна (RU)

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19-12-2017 дата публикации

Биоэлектрохимическое устройство

Номер: RU0000175765U1

Полезная модель относится к техническим устройствам, предназначенным для получения электрической энергии при окислении органических соединений микроорганизмами, и может быть использована для создания маломощных источников тока.К техническому результату относится повышение эффективности работы устройства за счет генерации электроэнергии, кроме того, за счет интенсификации утилизации компонентов сточных вод.Технический результат достигается благодаря тому, что биоэлектрохимическое устройство содержит секционированную емкость в виде горизонтально-ориентированного прямоугольного параллелепипеда, включающего анодную и катодную камеры, в которых размещены электроды. Анодная камера выполнена герметичной и снабжена двумя держателями, расположенными вдоль передней и задней внутренних стенок анодной камеры, каждый из которых выполнен из трех горизонтально ориентированных пластин, расположенных друг над другом и служащих направляющими для трех лотков, каждый с одним анодным электродом. Лотки выполнены в виде прямоугольных ящичков и с возможностью перемещения по направляющим. Лотки с электродами и активным илом, содержащим колонию бактерий, расположены в анодной камере, заполненной субстратом в виде органических соединений сточных вод. При этом катодная камера снабжена латунным электродом и заполнена дистиллированной водой. Ионообменная мембрана, разделяющая анодную и катодную часть камеры, снабжена резиновыми прокладками с отверстиями, служащими для регулирования объема открытой зоны ионообменной мембраны. Наконец анодная камера выполнена с тремя отверстиями на верхней крышке, снабженными шаровыми кранами, одно из которых служит для заливки субстрата, а два других, расположенных диагонально, служат одно для продувки азотом для обеспечения анаэробных условий бактерий, а другое для вывода атмосферного воздуха через гидрозатвор. При этом боковая стенка анодной камеры также снабжена отверстием с шаровым краном, служащим для слива субстрата. Каждый электрод снабжен токоснимателем, ...

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26-01-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell assembly and fuel cell device

Номер: US20120021327A1
Принадлежит: TOTO LTD

The fuel cell assembly of the present invention comprises a first fuel cell, a second fuel cell disposed adjacent to the first fuel cell, and a current collector for electrically connecting the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell. The first fuel cell and the second fuel cell are respectively furnished with an electrical generating portion for generating electricity, each of the electrical generation portion having a first electrode through the interior of which a first gas flows, a second electrode of a polarity different from the first electrode, on the exterior of which a second gas flows, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The current collector distributes and sources the current generated in the first fuel cell generating portion from two different locations on the first electrode on the first fuel cell to the second electrode of the second fuel cell.

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02-02-2012 дата публикации

Systems and method for bio-electricity production

Номер: US20120028079A1

A system and method for bio-electricity production are provided. The system includes a microorganism fuel cell in which the anode compartment comprises a microorganism cell having displayed thereon an enzyme to oxidize the substrate and generate electrons. Microorganism cells, such as bacteria or yeast, may be transformed to display enzymes such as oxidases, alcohol dehydrigenases and glucoamylases.

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02-02-2012 дата публикации

Proton conducting materials

Номер: US20120029098A1
Принадлежит: 3M Innovative Properties Co

Materials are provided that may be useful as ionomers or polymer ionomers, including compounds including bis sulfonyl imide groups which may be highly fluorinated and may be polymers.

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16-02-2012 дата публикации

Fuel Container For Fuel Cell, Fuel Cell Using The Same, And Operation Method Of Fuel Cell

Номер: US20120040257A1
Принадлежит: NEC Corp

An object of the present invention is to downsize a fuel cell, and to stably supply fuel to a fuel electrode. According to the present invention, the above described object is attained by providing a vaporized fuel container 1518 communicated with a liquid fuel container 1517 via a gas liquid separating film 1519 in the fuel cell 1516 , in which a liquid fuel 124 supplied to a fuel electrode 102 is stored.

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08-03-2012 дата публикации

Carbide stabilized catalyst structures and method of making

Номер: US20120058417A1
Принадлежит: UTC Power Corp

A catalyst structure for an electrochemical cell includes a catalyst support structure, catalyst particles and an outer carbide film The catalyst particles are deposited on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film is formed on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film surrounds the catalyst particles.

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15-03-2012 дата публикации

Membrane electrode assembly, manufacturing method thereof, and fuel cells

Номер: US20120064430A1
Принадлежит: Toyota Motor Corp

The membrane electrode assembly 100 has an electrolyte layer 10 , a catalyst layer 20 , and a member 15 impregnated with electrolyte which is arranged between the electrolyte layer 10 and the catalyst layer 20 . At least part of the peripheral edge portion of the member 15 extends the outside the peripheral edge portions of the electrolyte layer and the catalyst layer 20 . With this kind of constitution, it is possible to easily separate the electrolyte layer 10 or the catalyst layer 20 from the member 15 from the extended portion of the member 15 . Consequently, it is possible to easily replace the electrolyte layer 10 and the catalyst layer 20.

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15-03-2012 дата публикации

Platinum-containing catalyst and fuel cell using the same

Номер: US20120064437A1
Автор: Shuji Goto, Yoshihiro Kudo
Принадлежит: Sony Corp

A platinum-containing catalyst that is able to optimize state density of platinum 5d vacant orbital and is able to improve catalyst activity and a fuel cell using the same are provided. In the platinum-containing catalyst, when ratio of a peak intensity of a PtLIII absorption edge of a normalized X-ray absorption spectrum of the platinum-containing catalyst with respect to a peak intensity of a PtLIII absorption edge of a normalized X-ray absorption spectrum of a platinum simple substance metal foil having a thickness of 10 μm is Y, the number of holes of a platinum 5d vacant orbital in the platinum simple substance metal foil is 0.3, the number of holes of a platinum 5d vacant orbital in the platinum-containing catalyst is N, and molar ratio of total of metal elements other than platinum to the platinum in the platinum-containing catalyst is X, Y=0.144X+1.060 is established in the range of 0.1≦X≦1, and N=0.030X+0.333 is established in the range of 0.1≦X≦1.

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29-03-2012 дата публикации

Redox Flow Batteries Based on Supporting Solutions Containing Chloride

Номер: US20120077079A1
Принадлежит: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc

Redox flow battery systems having a supporting solution that contains Cl − ions can exhibit improved performance and characteristics. Furthermore, a supporting solution having mixed SO 4 2− and Cl − ions can provide increased energy density and improved stability and solubility of one or more of the ionic species in the catholyte and/or anolyte. According to one example, a vanadium-based redox flow battery system is characterized by an anolyte having V 2+ and V 3+ in a supporting solution and a catholyte having V 4+ and V 5+ in a supporting solution. The supporting solution can contain Cl − ions or a mixture of SO 4 2− and Cl − ions.

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29-03-2012 дата публикации

Lithium battery with charging redox couple

Номер: US20120077084A1
Принадлежит: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH

In accordance with one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode and including an electron conducting matrix, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, an electrolyte including a salt, and a charging redox couple located within the positive electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is characterized by the transfer of electrons from a discharge product located in the positive electrode to the electron conducting matrix by the charging redox couple during a charge cycle.

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12-04-2012 дата публикации

Novel nanocatalysts structure, process for the preparation and use thereof

Номер: US20120088651A1
Принадлежит: National Tsing Hua University NTHU

Ru Core —Pt shell nanocatalysts with 1˜3 atomic layers of Pt-shell were developed for enhancing the catalytic activities. Uniform atomic layers of Pt were successfully deposited on the core nanoparticles with high precision. Using such nanocatalysts as the cathode of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the efficiency of DSSC can be significantly increased. For direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications, much higher performance can also be achieved by using such Ru Core —Pt shell nanocatalysts and the DMFC can be operated at room temperature without the need to raise the cell temperature to above room temperature (such as 80° C.).

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03-05-2012 дата публикации

Structure of solid oxide fuel cell

Номер: US20120107715A1
Принадлежит: NGK Insulators Ltd

On each of upper and lower surfaces of a flat-plate-like support substrate having a longitudinal direction and having fuel gas flow channels formed therein, a plurality of power-generating elements A connected electrically in series are disposed at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction. On each of the upper and lower surfaces of the support substrate, a plurality of recesses are formed at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction. Each of the recesses is a rectangular-parallelepiped-like depression defined by four side walls arranged in a circumferentially closed manner and a bottom wall. That is, in the support substrate, frames are formed to surround the respective recesses. Fuel electrodes of the power-generating elements A are embedded in the respective recesses, and inter connectors are embedded in respective recesses formed on the outer surfaces of the fuel electrodes.

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10-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for stabilizing polyelectrolyte membrane films used in fuel cells

Номер: US20120115066A1
Принадлежит: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

A novel method of altering extruded membrane films for PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cells in such a manner that the membrane films swell substantially uniformly in both the in-plane x and y directions when immersed in water or ionomer solution is disclosed. The invention includes cutting a membrane film from an extruded membrane sheet in a diagonal orientation with respect to the membrane process direction of the membrane sheet. The membrane film exhibits reduced internal stress as compared to conventionally-prepared membrane films and allows a more even distribution of pressure in a fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the incidence of swollen membrane-induced failure mechanisms in the fuel cell stack.

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24-05-2012 дата публикации

Substantially flat single cells for sofc stacks

Номер: US20120129068A1
Принадлежит: Saint Gobain Ceramics and Plastics Inc

A solid oxide fuel cell includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte layer partitioning the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer and the cathode layer are of about the same thickness and have about the same coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell

Номер: US20120135328A1
Принадлежит: Individual

According to one embodiment, a fuel cell includes an electric-power generator, a fuel distribution mechanism, and a pump. The electric-power generator includes a membrane electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic membrane. The fuel distribution mechanism includes a container and a thin tube. The container includes a fuel discharge surface, and contains the electric-power generator inside. The thin tube is formed in the container in a manner that a fuel outlet and a fuel inlet communicate with each other. The pump is connected directly to the fuel inlet.

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07-06-2012 дата публикации

Manufacturing a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly

Номер: US20120141920A1
Автор: Jae Seung Lee
Принадлежит: Hyundai Motor Co

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for manufacturing a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly by forming a catalyst layer, which has uniform distribution, excellent porosity, and excellent bondability to a polymer electrolyte membrane, on a metal roll by an electrospray process and transferring the catalyst layer to a polymer electrolyte membrane.

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14-06-2012 дата публикации

Manufacturing method of membrane-electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Номер: US20120148935A1
Принадлежит: Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp

The present invention provides a method of fabricating a membrane-electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, and a membrane-electrode assembly and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell formed thereby. In the method, a 3-layered membrane-electrode assembly is formed in which a catalyst electrode layer is disposed on both surfaces of a polymer electrolyte membrane. A sub-gasket having an opening therein and having a primer layer formed on one surface thereof is formed, and is attached on both surfaces of the 3-layered membrane-electrode assembly such that the surface of the sub-gasket having the primer layer formed thereon faces the outside (is exposed) and the catalyst electrode layer is exposed through the opening. A 7-layered membrane-electrode assembly is then formed by stacking a gas diffusion layer on the primer layer exposed on both surfaces of the 5-layered membrane-electrode assembly to cover the catalyst electrode layer, and then performing a hot-pressing process to attach the sub-gasket and the gas diffusion layer to each other via the primer layer.

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14-06-2012 дата публикации

Anion exchange membrane

Номер: US20120148939A1
Принадлежит: JAPAN ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

An anion exchange membrane includes a quaternary ammonium salt group in which two methyl groups, and one alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are bonded to a nitrogen atom.

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21-06-2012 дата публикации

Frame of a Cell of a Redox Flow Battery

Номер: US20120156535A1
Принадлежит: CELLSTROM GMBH

For improving the energy efficiency of a cell of a redox flow battery it is desired that the electrolyte liquid flows to the greatest possible extent through the electrode and that there are no flow paths or leakages around the electrode. In order to achieve this, a frame of a cell of a redox flow battery is proposed, said frame having an opening 8 which is bordered by a rim 6 , wherein on the rim 6 , a first flow blocker 11 is arranged which extends into the opening 8 , and a second flow blocker 16 is arranged in the distribution channel 9 in the region of the distribution channel's inflow region for supplying electrolyte liquid into the cell, or in the outflow region for discharging electrolyte liquid, wherein said flow blocker restricts the distribution channel 9 toward the opening 8.

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21-06-2012 дата публикации

Membrane electrode assembly and fuel cells with improved lifetime

Номер: US20120156588A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly comprising at least two electrochemically active electrodes which are separated by at least one polymer electrolyte membrane, the aforementioned polymer electrolyte membrane having at least one reinforcement, wherein the reinforcement comprises at least one film which has holes through which the polymer electrolyte membrane is in contact with both electrochemically active electrodes. The membrane electrode assembly is suitable for applications in fuel cells, especially in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Process for Preparing Composite Membranes

Номер: US20120165420A1
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM MANUFACTURING EUROPE BV

A process for preparing a composite membrane comprising acidic and/or basic groups comprising the following steps: (i) applying a curable composition to a support; and (ii) curing the composition to form a membrane; wherein the curable composition comprises: (a) 18 to 78 wt % crosslinking agent(s) having at least two acrylic groups; (b) 20 to 80 wt % curable compound(s) having one or more acidic or basic groups or groups which are convertible to acidic or basic groups; (c) 2 to 30 wt % solvent(s); and (d) 0 to 10 wt % photoinitiator(s). The membranes are particularly useful for water purification or for the generation of electricity from two streams differing in salt concentration.

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05-07-2012 дата публикации

Redox flow battery

Номер: US20120171541A1
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A redox flow battery. A metal-ligand coordination compound including an aromatic ligand that contains an electron withdrawing group is used as the catholyte and/or the anolyte so that a redox flow battery having high energy density and excellent charge/discharge efficiency may be provided.

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05-07-2012 дата публикации

Energy charge storage device using a printable polyelectrolyte as electrolyte material

Номер: US20120171575A1
Принадлежит: NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

An energy charge storage device, particularly from the group consisting of super capacitor, a hybrid electrochemica capacitor, a metal hydride battery and a fuel cell, comprising a first and second electrode and an electrolyte wherein the electrolyte comprises a printable polyelectrolyte e.g. polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSH). The present invention also refers to methods of obtaining such energy storage device.

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12-07-2012 дата публикации

Cathode material for fuel cell, cathode for fuel cell including the same, method of manufacturing the cathode, and solid oxide fuel cell including the cathode

Номер: US20120178016A1

A cathode material for a fuel cell, the cathode material for a fuel cell including a lanthanide metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure; and a bismuth metal oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, Bi 2-x-y A x B y O 3 ,  Chemical Formula 1 wherein A and B are each a metal with a valence of 3, A and B are each independently at least one element selected from a rare earth element and a transition metal element, A and B are different from each other, and 0<x≦0.3 and 0<y≦0.3.

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26-07-2012 дата публикации

Printed circuit board and method for manufacturing the same, and fuel cell

Номер: US20120189874A1
Принадлежит: Nitto Denko Corp

A conductor layer having a predetermined pattern is formed on a base insulating layer so that its second main surface opposes the base insulating layer. A barrier layer having higher corrosion resistance to acids than that of the conductor layer is formed on its first main surface and a side surface of the conductor layer while the first main surface and the side surface of the conductor layer and the barrier layer are covered with a conductive cover layer.

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26-07-2012 дата публикации

Manufacturing method of electrode catalyst layer, membrane electrode assembly using the same, fuel cell using the same and complex particles

Номер: US20120189941A1
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention provides a manufacturing method of an electrode catalyst layer which contains a catalyst, carbon particles and a polymer electrolyte, wherein an oxide type of non-platinum catalyst is used as the catalyst and a fuel cell employing the electrode catalyst layer achieves a high level of power generation performance. The manufacturing method of the electrode catalyst layer of the present invention includes at least: preparing a first catalyst ink, in which a catalyst, first carbon particles and a first polymer electrolyte are dispersed in a first solvent, drying the first catalyst ink to form complex particles, preparing a second catalyst ink, in which the complex particles, second carbon particles and a second polymer electrolyte are dispersed in a second solvent, and coating the second catalyst ink on a substrate to form the electrode catalyst layer.

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26-07-2012 дата публикации

Method for determining deterioration of fuel cell

Номер: US20120191385A1
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

Deterioration of a fuel cell is accurately determined within a short period of time by the steps of: (a) detecting an output power P of a fuel cell; (b) detecting a peak of the output power P after a startup of the fuel cell; (c) calculating a decrease rate D of the output power P after the peak of the output power P; (d) comparing the calculated decrease rate D with a reference decrease rate Dref; and (e) determining deterioration of the fuel cell based on a comparison result of the step (d).

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02-08-2012 дата публикации

Aromatic polymer ion exchange membranes, its composite membrance, and its application in acidic electrolyte flow battery

Номер: US20120196188A1

A polymer ion exchange membrane for acidic electrolyte flow battery. The membrane is nitrogen heterocycles aromatic polymer, especially polybenzimidazole type polymer. A nitrogen heterocycles in the membrane interact with acid in the electrolyte to form donor-receptor proton transport network, so as to keep the proton transport performance of the membrane. The preparation condition for the membrane is mild, and the process is simplicity. The preparation method is suitable for mass production. The membrane is used in acidic electrolyte flow battery, especially in vanadium flow energy storage battery. The membrane has excellent mechanical stability and thermostability. In vanadium redox flow battery, the membrane has excellent proton conduct performance and excellent resistance to the permeation of vanadium ions.

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02-08-2012 дата публикации

Molten carbonate fuel cells including reinforced lithium aluminate matrix, method for preparing the same, and method for supplying lithium source

Номер: US20120196204A1

Disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising a reinforced lithium aluminate matrix, a cathode, an anode, a cathode frame channel and an anode frame channel, wherein at least one of the cathode frame channel and the anode frame channel is filled with a lithium source. Disclosed also are a method for producing the same, and a method for supplying a lithium source. The molten carbonate fuel cell in which a lithium source is supplied to an electrode has high mechanical strength and maintains stability of electrolyte to allow long-term operation.

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09-08-2012 дата публикации

Solid Electrolyte Including Layered Metal Oxide, Fuel Cell Including Thereof, Production Method for Solid Electrolyte, and Production Method for Electrode Catalyst

Номер: US20120202128A1
Принадлежит: Hokkaido University NUC, Toyota Motor Corp

A solid electrolyte including a layered metal oxide represented by the formula (1), (La 1-x A x )(Sr 1-y B y ) 3 (Co 1-z C z ) 3 O 10-δ   (1) [wherein A represents a rare earth element other than La; B represents Mg, Ca, or Ba; C represents Ti, V, Cr, or Mn; 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦z<1; and δ represents an oxygen deficiency amount].

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09-08-2012 дата публикации

Improved catalyst coated membranes having composite, thin membranes and thin cathodes for use in direct methanol fuel cells

Номер: US20120202135A1
Принадлежит: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co

The invention relates to DMFC catalyst coated membranes having improved water crossover and methanol crossover performance, excellent power output and durability, which utilize a thin composite reinforced polymer membrane layer and a thin cathode layer to achieve these performance benefits, and methods of making these catalyst coated membranes. The catalyst coated membrane for use in a direct methanol fuel cell have an anode layer, a thin cathode layer, a thin reinforced ionomer membrane, and do not rely on any additional barrier layers or complex water and/or methanol management layers or peripherals or to improve performance.

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09-08-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst Layer Supported On Substrate Hairs Of Metal Oxides

Номер: US20120202682A1
Принадлежит: FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC

In one embodiment, a catalyst assembly includes a substrate including a substrate base and a number of substrate hairs extending longitudinally from the substrate base, the substrate base including a metal M, the number of substrate hairs including an oxide of the metal M; and a catalyst film contacting at least a portion of the substrate.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Silicon Hydride Nanocrystals as Catalysts for Proton Production in Water-Organic Liquid Mixtures

Номер: US20120219869A1

Embodiments of the present methods may be used to produce energy in the form of an electrical current from water without the use of fossil fuel. Silicon hydride is very easy to make. This procedure in conjunction with an enzyme to produce hydrogen gas for fuel cells and other small devices. In fuel cells the production of protons may be bypassed, and an oxidant such as permanganate or oxygen from air may be used to drive the fuel cells. In such an embodiment, an intermediate reaction may not be needed to produce protons. In one embodiment, membrane-less laminar flow fuel cells with an external grid for oxygen supply from the air may be used.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Номер: US20120219873A1
Принадлежит: Individual

This invention relates to fuel cells, particularly proton exchange membrane fuel cells, more particularly to proton exchange membrane fuel cells employing nanocomposite sulphonated polystyrene-butadiene rubber-carbon nanoball (SPSBR-CNB) membranes as an electrolyte.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer, polymer thereof, electrode for fuel cell including the polymer, electrolyte membrane for fuel cell including the polymer, and fuel cell using the electrode

Номер: US20120219876A1
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: In Formula 1, R 2 and R 3 or R 3 and R 4 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, and R 5 and R 6 or R 6 and R 7 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, In Formula 2, * represents the bonding position of R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or R 6 and R 7 of Formula 1. A polymer is formed by polymerizing the naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer, an electrode for a fuel cell includes the polymer, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes the polymer, and a fuel cell uses the electrode.

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13-09-2012 дата публикации

Electrochemical device using solid polymer electrolyte using fine polymer composite particles

Номер: US20120231346A1
Принадлежит: KYOTO UNIVERSITY

The invention provides n electrochemical device containing a negative electrode having a negative electrode material layer at least on a surface; a positive electrode having a positive electrode material layer at least on a surface; and a solid polymer electrolyte of fine composite particles disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Each of the fine composite particles comprises a polymer brush layer of polymer graft chains. The fine composite particles form a substantially three-dimensional ordered array structure, and a continuous ion-conductive network channel is formed in each gap of the fine particles. The negative or positive electrode or electrode material layer have gaps filled with the fine composite particles. A contact interface between the solid electrolyte and the electrode material layer or the electrode is a polymer brush layer composed of polymer graft chains

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13-09-2012 дата публикации

Porous ceramic molten metal composite solid oxide fuel cell anode

Номер: US20120231366A1

A fuel cell anode comprises a porous ceramic molten metal composite of a metal or metal alloy, for example, tin or a tin alloy, infused in a ceramic where the metal is liquid at the temperatures of an operational solid oxide fuel cell, exhibiting high oxygen ion mobility. The anode can be employed in a SOFC with a thin electrolyte that can be a ceramic of the same or similar composition to that infused with the liquid metal of the porous ceramic molten metal composite anode. The thicknesses of the electrolyte can be reduced to a minimum that allows greater efficiencies of the SOFC thereby constructed.

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13-09-2012 дата публикации

Composite proton conducting membrane with low degradation and membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells

Номер: US20120231367A1
Принадлежит: DAIMLER AG, Ford Motor Co

A small molecule or polymer additive can be used in preparation of a membrane electrode assembly to improve its durability and performance under low relative humidity in a fuel cell. Specifically, a method of forming a membrane electrode assembly comprising a proton exchange membrane, comprises providing an additive comprising at least two nitrogen atoms to the membrane electrode assembly.

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27-09-2012 дата публикации

Flow battery with interdigitated flow field

Номер: US20120244395A1
Автор: Michael L. Perry
Принадлежит: Individual

A flow battery includes a first liquid-porous electrode, a second liquid-porous electrode spaced apart from the first liquid-porous electrode, and an ion-exchange membrane arranged between the first liquid-porous electrode and the second liquid-porous electrode. First and second flow fields are adjacent to the respective first liquid-porous electrode and second liquid-porous electrode. Each of the flow fields includes first channels having at least partially blocked outlets and second channels having at least partially blocked inlets. The second channels are interdigitated with the first channels. The flow fields provide a configuration and method of operation for relatively thin electrodes with moderate pressure drops and forced convective flow through the liquid-porous electrodes.

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27-09-2012 дата публикации

Iron-Sulfide Redox Flow Batteries

Номер: US20120244406A1
Принадлежит: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc

Iron-sulfide redox flow battery (RFB) systems can be advantageous for energy storage, particularly when the electrolytes have pH values greater than 6. Such systems can exhibit excellent energy conversion efficiency and stability and can utilize low-cost materials that are relatively safer and more environmentally friendly. One example of an iron-sulfide RFB is characterized by a positive electrolyte that comprises Fe(III) and/or Fe(II) in a positive electrolyte supporting solution, a negative electrolyte that comprises S 2− and/or S in a negative electrolyte supporting solution, and a membrane, or a separator, that separates the positive electrolyte and electrode from the negative electrolyte and electrode.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Curable Compositions And Membranes

Номер: US20120248029A1
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM MANUFACTURING EUROPE BV

A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii)12 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cationic group; (iii) 10 to 70 wt % solvent; (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; and (v) lithium and/or calcium salt. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Curable Compositions And Membranes

Номер: US20120248030A1
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM MANUFACTURING EUROPE BV

A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 12 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cationic group; (iii) 15 to 70 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; and (v) 2 to 50 wt % of non-curable salt; wherein the composition has a pH of 1 to 12. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Self-humidifying membrane and self-humidifying fuel cell

Номер: US20120251903A1
Автор: King Lun Yeung, WEI Han

A self-humidifying fuel cell is made by preparing a porous substrate, coating the substrate with a zeolitic material and filling the pores with a proton-conducting material. The coating of the substrate includes selecting a zeolitic material, and applying coating on the pore walls and surface of the porous substrate, to form zeolitic material-coated pores. The resulting composite material is used as a self-humidifying proton-conducting membrane in a fuel cell.

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11-10-2012 дата публикации

Curable Compositions And Membranes

Номер: US20120259027A1
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM MANUFACTURING EUROPE BV

A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 20 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and an anionic group; (iii) 15 to 45 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is 0.1 to 1.5. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

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18-10-2012 дата публикации

Agents for enhanced charge transport across microbial membranes

Номер: US20120264649A1
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

The invention provides molecules useful for enhancing charge transport across membranes, such as electron transport across membranes, and methods of using such molecules, for example in improving the performance of a microbial fuel cell or in staining microbes for observation. The amphiphilic molecule comprises a conjugated core with hydrophilic groups on either end. The amphiphilic molecule inserts into the membrane of a microbe and facilitates charge transfer across the membrane of the microbe.

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01-11-2012 дата публикации

In-vehicle algorithm for fuel cell stack health quantification

Номер: US20120276466A1
Принадлежит: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

A method for determining the health of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack. The method includes maintaining a constant flow of hydrogen to the anode side of the fuel cell stack, shutting off a flow of air to a cathode side of the fuel cell stack when a predetermined concentration of hydrogen in the anode side has been achieved, and identifying a catalyst surface area and a catalyst support surface area for catalyst layers in the fuel cell stack. The method also includes determining the total parasitic current of the fuel cell stack to determine a cross-over parasitic current and a shorting resistance of the fuel cell stack. The method further includes calculating the catalyst surface area and the catalyst support surface area of the catalyst layers and comparing the difference between the identified catalyst surface area and the calculated catalyst surface area to estimate the change in the catalyst surface area.

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08-11-2012 дата публикации

Preparing method for integrated membrane-catalyst coated layer membrane electrode for a fuel cell

Номер: US20120279648A1
Принадлежит: Individual

An integrated method for preparing a fuel cell membrane-catalyst coated membrane electrode, comprising preparation a proto exchange membrane and preparing catalyst coated membrane electrode, characterized in that: the proton exchange membrane is prepared by casting, dipping or spraying proton exchange resin solution (401) to obtain a precursor without post-treatment; the catalyst coated membrane electrode (CCM), is produced by directly coating electrode slurry on both sides of precursor of proton exchange membrane using a method chosen from screen-printing, spraying or brushing, and drying to obtain a CCM precursor with stable morphology; and treating the CCM precursor with ion transformation, heat and activation. The membrane electrode assembly preparation method in the present invention has the following characteristics: simplified preparation process, easy to scale up production, high electrochemical activity, good mechanical strength and stable structure morphology of the prepared membrane electrode assembly.

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29-11-2012 дата публикации

Energy storage and generation systems

Номер: US20120299384A1
Принадлежит: Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd

This disclosure relates to energy storage and generation systems, e.g., combination of flow battery and hydrogen fuel cell, that exhibit operational stability in harsh environments, e.g., both charging and discharging reactions in a regenerative fuel cell in the presence of a halogen ion or a mixture of halogen ions. This disclosure also relates to energy storage and generation systems that are capable of conducting both hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and hydrogen oxidation reactions (HORs) in the same system. This disclosure further relates to energy storage and generation systems having low cost, fast response time, and acceptable life and performance.

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29-11-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for enhancing power density of direct liquid fuel cells

Номер: US20120301799A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel cell includes a direct liquid fuel cell and a humidifier. The direct liquid fuel cell includes an air intake channel for providing oxidant to the fuel cell and an exhaust channel for exhausting depleted oxidant. The humidifier forms a fluid connection between the air intake channel and the exhaust channel.

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29-11-2012 дата публикации

Solid Electrolyte Film, and Method for Producing Same

Номер: US20120301811A1
Принадлежит: Central Glass Co Ltd

A solid electrolyte film according to the present invention includes a resin having a repeating unit of the general formula (1) containing a bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)methide moiety: where R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Y represents an oxygen atom or NH; Rf represents a C 1 -C 4 perfluoroalkyl group; and W represents either a C 2 -C 4 straight or C 3 -C 4 branched alkylene group or a C 5 -C 8 cyclic hydrocarbon group as a linking group, which may have a branched chain or a cross-linking structure. This solid electrolyte film combines high proton conductivity with low methanol permeability for prevention of methanol crossover and can suitably be used for a direct methanol fuel cell etc.

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06-12-2012 дата публикации

Bipolar plates and regenerative fuel cell stacks including same

Номер: US20120308911A1
Принадлежит: Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd

A bipolar plate and regenerative fuel cell stacks including the bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) alternately stacked. The bipolar plate comprises a plate main body formed of an electrically conductive material. The plate main body has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. Each surface has reaction flow channels through which fluids pass. The reaction flow channels on the first surface have a plurality of ribs therebetween forming an interdigitate flow field pattern. The reaction flow channels on the second surface have a plurality of ribs therebetween forming an interdigitate flow field pattern or a flow field pattern different from an interdigitate flow field pattern, e.g., a serpentine flow field pattern.

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06-12-2012 дата публикации

Cathode material for fuel cell, cathode including the cathode material, solid oxide fuel cell including the cathode

Номер: US20120308915A1

A cathode material for a fuel cell, the cathode material including a first metal oxide having a perovskite structure; and a second metal oxide having a spinel structure.

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13-12-2012 дата публикации

Module system for microbial fuel cell

Номер: US20120315506A1

Disclosed is a module system for a microbial fuel cell used in the field of a microbial fuel cell, in which a plurality of unit cells electrically connected to each other in series cannot share an anode part solution. In the module system for the microbial fuel cell, the unit cells are electrically connected to each other in series, so that power is produced in a commercial scale. An anode part is given to each individual cell, so that voltage drop does not occur. The unit cells share an anode part solution together, so that the module system for the microbial fuel cell is simply designed. The module system for the microbial fuel cell is applicable when effectively producing power in the commercial scale.

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20-12-2012 дата публикации

System and method for operating a flow battery system at an elevated temperature

Номер: US20120321920A1
Принадлежит: Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne Inc

A flow battery system includes a flow battery stack, a sensor and a coolant loop. The flow battery stack has an electrolyte solution flowing therethrough, and the sensor is in communication with the electrolyte solution. The coolant loop is in heat exchange communication with the electrolyte solution, wherein the heat exchange communication is selective based on an output from the sensor.

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27-12-2012 дата публикации

System and method for optimizing efficiency and power output from a vanadium redox battery energy storage system

Номер: US20120328911A1
Принадлежит: JD HOLDING INC

An energy storage system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The control system calculates optimal pump speeds, electrolyte temperature ranges, and charge and discharge rates. The control system instructs the vanadium redox battery to operate in accordance with the prescribed parameters. The control system further calculates optimal temperature ranges and charge and discharge rates for the vanadium redox battery.

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27-12-2012 дата публикации

Material for solid oxide fuel cell, cathode including the material and solid oxide fuel cell including the material

Номер: US20120328970A1

A material for a solid oxide fuel cell, the material including: a first compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a first ionic conductivity, a first electronic conductivity, and a first thermal expansion coefficient, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1 below; and a second compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a second ionic conductivity, a second electronic conductivity, and a second thermal expansion coefficient, Ba a Sr b Co x Fe y Z 1-x-y O 3-δ ,  Formula 1 wherein Z is a transition metal element, a lanthanide element, or a combination thereof, a and b satisfy 0.4≦a≦0.6 and 0.4≦b≦0.6, respectively, x and y satisfy 0.6≦x≦0.9 and 0.1≦y≦0.4, respectively, and δ is selected so that the first compound is electrically neutral.

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Coupler

Номер: US20130008539A1
Принадлежит: TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA LTD

Coupling holding means 50 comprising retainers 53 and retainer engaging portions 52 for holding a coupled state is provided between a socket S 10 and a plug P 10 of a coupler. Engaging pawl portions 54 are formed on the inner sides of a pair of retainers 53 provided on both sides of a nozzle portion 32 . By causing the retainers 53 to move outwardly in a coupling operation, a gap between the retainers 53 and the nozzle portion 32 can be made small. By forming interference preventing portions 58 in the engaging pawl portions 54 , the retainers 53 can be provided at a smaller interval than the outer diameter of the nozzle portion 32 whereby the coupler can be made even more compact. Further, by forming the retainers 53 higher than the foremost end portion of the nozzle portion 32 , the nozzle portion 32 can be protected by the retainers 53 even in an unexpected event such as falling and damage will not extend directly to the nozzle portion 32.

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical cell stack

Номер: US20130008782A1
Принадлежит: redT Energy Ireland Ltd

A cell stack has frames having lines of four apertures ( 41 ) at each end. In the stack, the apertures form four ducts at each end of the side of the stack, with the ducts extending from end to end of the stack for electrolyte flow therethrough. The apertures in the transfer frames have no passages connected to them. The eight apertures ( 41 ) in the passage frame are surrounded in pairs by four grooves ( 44 ) and 0-rings ( 45 ), dividing them into a pair for anolyte feed, a pair for anolyte return, a pair for catholyte feed and a pair for catholyte return. The stack is divided into opposite end sections ( 46, 47 ). Only one of each pair is connected to a local feed or return flow passage, contained within the 0-rings. The other is connected in the other section. The anolyte feed and return passages ( 51,52,55,56 ) lead from their apertures to respective openings ( 61 ) from the side ( 4 ) of each passage frame to its plain face ( 18 ). Here a distribution rebate ( 62 ), with spreading features ( 63 ), is provided to distribute/collect electrolyte to the graphite felt in the anolyte half cell. The result is that there is no electrical connection via the electrolyte in the ducts between cells at opposite ends of the stack. The inner ones of the ducts connect the cells at opposite ends of the section 46 and the outer ones the cells at opposite ends of the ducts ( 47 ). Thus a shunt current paths still exist, but at only half the voltage to the entire stack.

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Power supply device and electronic apparatus

Номер: US20130011748A1
Принадлежит: Sony Corp

A power supply device in which an enzyme is immobilized as a catalyst on negative electrodes and/or positive electrodes, includes electromotive portions in which at least two of the negative electrodes and the positive electrodes are connected in series, and a fuel supply portion which communicates with the negative electrodes and which simultaneously supply a fuel to the negative electrodes, and in the power supply device, the fuel supply portion includes fuel-supply adjusting portions which adjust fuel supply to the negative electrodes.

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24-01-2013 дата публикации

Composition, composite membrane prepared from composition, fuel cell including the composite membrane, and method of manufacturing the composite membrane

Номер: US20130022893A1
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A composite membrane containing a composite material including an azole-based polymer and a compound represented by Formula 3 below, a method of preparing the composite membrane, and a fuel cell including the composite membrane: M 1 1-a M 2 a P x O y   <Formula 3> wherein, in Formula 3, M 1 is a tetravalent metallic element; M 2 is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of a monovalent metallic element, a divalent metallic element, and a trivalent metallic element; a satisfies 0≦a<1; x is a number from 1.5 to 3.5; and y is a number from 5 to 13.

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31-01-2013 дата публикации

Fuel Cell with Multiple Independent Reaction Regions

Номер: US20130029244A1
Автор: Yong Gao
Принадлежит: Yong Gao

A fuel cell with multiple independent reaction regions comprises multiple fuel cell units. Each fuel cell unit comprises bipolar plates and a membrane electrode assembly located between the bipolar plates. The membrane electrode assembly comprises a proton exchange membrane and catalyst layers located at both sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the catalyst layers at least at one side of the proton exchange membrane are formed with multiple mutually independent catalyst sublayers. Different from the prior design concepts of striving to distribute reactants as uniformly as possible in the whole reaction area, the whole cell in this invention is divided into multiple independent reaction regions, and relevance of the reaction regions is eliminated. Therefore, by partitioning and reducing the amplitude of possible voltage difference, this invention is able to reduce electrochemical corrosion and maximize performance of each independent region and the whole fuel cell.

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31-01-2013 дата публикации

Fuel cell and electrocatalyst

Номер: US20130029252A1

An embodiment of the invention provides an electrocatalyst, including a four-element catalyst having a formula of XYZP, wherein X is Pt or Pd, Y and Z are different elements selected from Group 6, Group 8, Group 9, or Group 11 elements, and P is phosphorous, wherein Group 6 elements include Cr, Mo, or W, Group 8 elements include Fe, Ru, or Os, Group 9 elements include Co, Rh, or Ir, and Group 11 elements include Cu, Ag, or Au.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Refuelable storage battery

Номер: US20130049692A1
Автор: Bernd Kuhs
Принадлежит: ARYS GMBH

A reversible storage system for electric energy, including charging or discharging surfaces as a positive collector terminal and a charging or discharging area as a negative collector terminal and a flow electrode with a pumpable dispersion with particles storing electric energy and at least one supply line and at least one drain line for the pumpable dispersion. The pumpable dispersion includes particles storing electric energy in a capacitive and/or chemical fashion, having an average grain size distribution: 1 nM to 500 μm. For chemically storing particles, the negative and the positive collector terminals have a planar shape with a single exterior closed border and with their planar sides each contacting an ion-selective diaphragm or spacers, and the pumpable dispersion is arranged on a side facing away from the planar side of the respective collector, contacting the ion-selective diaphragm or spacers, and the dispersion at least partially penetrates the respective collector.

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07-03-2013 дата публикации

Bubbles generation device and method

Номер: US20130056076A1
Принадлежит: ACAL ENERGY LTD

There is disclosed a device ( 1 ) for generating fine bubbles, comprising a substrate ( 3 ) having holes ( 5 ) therethrough, each hole comprising a gas inlet ( 7 ) and a gas outlet ( 9 ), wherein the width of the gas outlet is greater than the width of the gas inlet. A method of manufacturing said device and a method of generating fine bubbles.

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21-03-2013 дата публикации

FUEL CELLS

Номер: US20130071702A1
Принадлежит: ACAL ENERGY LTD

A redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between respective anodes and cathodes of the cell; a catholyte solution comprising at least one catholyte component, the catholyte solution comprising a redox mediator couple; and a regeneration zone comprising a catholyte channel and a porous member having an active surface, the catholyte channel being arranged to direct a flow of catholyte adjacent to or towards the active surface, the means for supplying an oxidant to the cell being adapted to supply the oxidant to the porous member. 1. A redox fuel cell comprising:an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane;means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell;means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell;means for providing an electrical circuit between respective anodes and cathodes of the cell;a catholyte solution comprising at least one catholyte component, the catholyte solution comprising a redox mediator couple; anda regeneration zone comprising a catholyte channel and a porous member having an active surface, the catholyte channel being arranged to direct a flow of catholyte solution adjacent to or towards the active surface, the means for supplying an oxidant to the cell being adapted to supply the oxidant to the porous member.2. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the wall defining the catholyte channel is open to expose the interior of the catholyte channel to at least a portion of the active surface of the porous member claim 1 , said porous member comprises one or more of sintered glass claim 1 , metal powders claim 1 , porous membranes claim 1 , meshes and drilled or punctured sheets.3. (canceled)4. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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21-03-2013 дата публикации

Catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane

Номер: US20130072375A1
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a microstructure exhibiting substantially uniform pore size distribution as a result of using PMMA pore forming materials or a bi-modal particle size distribution of the porous support layer materials. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.

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28-03-2013 дата публикации

Biological Fuel Cell and Methods

Номер: US20130078534A1
Автор: Heller Adam
Принадлежит:

A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme. 16-. (canceled)7. A method , comprising: a substrate comprising a first face and a second face;', 'an anode disposed on the first face of the substrate, wherein the anode comprises an anode enzyme; and', 'a cathode disposed on the second face of the substrate,', 'wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode comprises a mediator chemically bonded to a polymer., 'positioning in a biological system comprising oxygen an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the anode enzyme is a glucose-responsive enzyme.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the glucose-responsive enzyme is glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase.10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the glucose-responsive enzyme further comprises an enzyme cofactor.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the enzyme cofactor is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ).12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises electrooxidizing a biochemical reductant on the anode in the presence of the anode enzyme.13. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the redox potential of the anode enzyme is from about −0.4V to about −0.5V.14. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the cathode comprises platinum.15. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the cathode further comprises a cathode enzyme.16. The method according ...

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04-04-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ELEMENTARY ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS FOR ENERGY- OR HYDROGEN-PRODUCING ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS, IN PARTICULAR OF SOFC AND HTE TYPE

Номер: US20130082421A1

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing at least one elementary electrochemical cell comprising a first and a second electrode between which an electrolyte is intercalated, said first and second electrodes and said electrolyte being in the form of layers, which process is characterized in that it comprises: 1. A process for manufacturing an elementary electrochemical cell , the cell comprising a first and a second electrode and an electrolyte which is intercalated between the first and second electrodes , the first and second electrodes and the electrolyte being in a form of layers , comprising:a) producing a structure comprising a layer of a powder of a first electrode material, a layer of a powder of a second electrode material and a layer of a powder of an electrolyte material which is intercalated between the layer of the powder of the first electrode material and the layer of the powder of the second electrode material; andb) simultaneously sintering all the powder layers by an electric field sintering and thereby obtaining the elementary electrochemical cell.2. The process of claim 1 , in which the electric field is a pulsed electric field.3. The process of claim 1 , in which the first and second electrode materials are chosen from ceramics having an electronic conduction or a mixed electronic/ionic conduction.4. The process of claim 1 , in which the electrolyte material is chosen from ceramics having an exclusively ionic conduction.5. The process of claim 1 , in which the powders of the first and second electrode materials contain comprise one or more thermally decomposable pore-forming agents.6. The process of claim 1 , in which the elementary electrochemical cell further comprises a first and a second interconnect element claim 1 , the first and second interconnect elements being in a form of layers and the first electrode claim 1 , the electrolyte and the second electrode being intercalated between the first and second interconnect elements ...

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04-04-2013 дата публикации

Monitoring electrolyte concentrations in redox flow battery systems

Номер: US20130084506A1
Принадлежит: Enervault Corp

Methods, systems and structures for monitoring, managing electrolyte concentrations in redox flow batteries are provided by introducing a first quantity of a liquid electrolyte into a first chamber of a test cell and introducing a second quantity of the liquid electrolyte into a second chamber of the test cell. The method further provides for measuring a voltage of the test cell, measuring an elapsed time from the test cell reaching a first voltage until the test cell reaches a second voltage; and determining a degree of imbalance of the liquid electrolyte based on the elapsed time.

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04-04-2013 дата публикации

NON-VOLATILE CATHODES FOR LITHIUM OXYGEN BATTERIES AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20130084507A1
Автор: JOHNSON Lonnie G.
Принадлежит: JOHNSON IP HOLDING, LLC

An air lithium battery is provided having two equal halves () that are joined together along a centerline. Each half includes a porous substrate (), an oxygen cathode () having a non-volatile lithium ion conductive electrolyte cathode, a non-volatile electrolyte (), and an anode (). The electrolyte may include alternating layers of ion conductive glass or ceramic layer and ion conductive polymer layer. 1. A lithium oxygen battery comprising:an oxygen cathode containing a non-volatile lithium ion conductive electrolyte;an anode; anda non-volatile, solid moisture barrier electrolyte disposed between said cathode and said anode.2. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said non-volatile lithium ion conductive electrolyte is a non-volatile liquid lithium ion conductive electrolyte.3. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said non-volatile claim 1 , solid moisture barrier electrolyte has at least one ion conductive glass or ceramic layer and at least one ion conductive polymer layer claim 1 , whereby the glass or ceramic layer acts as a protective barrier for the anode to prevent parasitic reactions with moisture or oxygen.4. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said non-volatile claim 3 , solid moisture barrier electrolyte ion conductive polymer layer is comprised of a polyethylene oxide containing a lithium salt.5. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said oxygen cathode also contains a conductive agent.6. A lithium oxygen battery comprising:a porous substrate;an oxygen cathode containing a non-volatile lithium ion conductive electrolyte coupled to said substrate;a protective glass or ceramic electrolyte layer positioned upon said porous substrate opposite said cathode; andan anode coupled to said electrolyte layer opposite said oxygen cathode.7. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said glass or ceramic electrolyte layer has at least one ion conductive glass or ceramic layer and at least one ion conductive polymer layer.8. The lithium oxygen battery of wherein said ...

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04-04-2013 дата публикации

GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT, POWER GENERATION APPARATUS, ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT

Номер: US20130084514A1
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Provided are a gas decomposition component in which an electrochemical reaction is used to reduce the running cost and high treatment performance can be achieved; and a method for producing the gas decomposition component. The gas decomposition component includes a cylindrical MEA including an anode on an inner-surface side, a cathode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the anode and the cathode; a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical MEA and is in contact with the first electrode; and a central conductive rod inserted so as to serve as an electrically conductive shaft of the porous metal body 1. A gas decomposition component used for decomposing a gas , comprising:a cylindrical-body membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a first electrode on an inner-surface side, a second electrode on an outer-surface side, and a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode;a porous metal body that is inserted on the inner-surface side of the cylindrical-body MEA and is electrically connected to the first electrode; anda central conductive rod inserted so as to serve as an electrically conductive shaft of the porous metal body.2. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the central conductive rod is a single-phase or composite-phase metal rod in which at least a surface layer does not contain Cr.3. The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte extends beyond both ends of the cylindrical-body MEA claim 1 , a tubular joint is engaged with each of ends of the cylindrical solid electrolyte claim 1 , the tubular joint is connected to a transfer passage for a gaseous fluid containing the gas supplied to the first electrode claim 1 , and a conductive member is electrically connected to the central conductive rod and penetrates the tubular joint.4. The gas decomposition component according to claim 3 , wherein ...

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04-04-2013 дата публикации

Polyimide porous web, method for manufacturing the same, and electrolyte membrane comprising the same

Номер: US20130084515A1
Принадлежит: Kolon Fashion Material Inc

Disclosed is a polyimide porous web with good porosity, good dimensional stability, and uniform pore; a method for manufacturing the same; and an electrolyte membrane with improved ion conductivity and good dimensional stability owing to ion conductors uniformly impregnated in the porous web, the polyimide porous web having a porosity of 60% to 90%, wherein not less than 80% of entire pores of the porous web have a pore diameter which differs from an average pore diameter of the porous web by not more than 1.5 μm.

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11-04-2013 дата публикации

Thin film composites

Номер: US20130089727A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for the production of thin film composite membranes by interfacial polymerisation, in particular through the reaction of polyfunctional acyl halides with polyfunctional amines where the polyfunctional acyl halide is applied first to the support medium. 1. A process for the preparation of a thin film composite , said process comprising:(I) applying to a porous support a first liquid phase comprising at least one polyfunctional acyl halide having two or more acid halide groups in an inert solvent; and thereafter(II) contacting said porous support with a second fluid phase comprising at least one polyfunctional amine having at least two amine functional groups; so as to form a thin film composite.2. A process as claimed in further comprising a step (III) as the film is formed during post-treating formed membrane with liquid phase comprising at least one polyfunctional acyl halide having two or more acid halide groups in an inert solvent being hydrophilic or hydrophobic.3. A process as claimed in or wherein either at least one of the acyl halides in step (I) and (III) or at least one of the amines in step (II) has at least three functional groups.4. The process according to to wherein the reaction of the porous support and the acyl halide forms a covalent bond if the porous support has protic groups selected from —OH claim 1 , —NHand/or —NH— on the surface.5. The process according to any preceding claim wherein the polyfunctional acyl halide has at least two acid halide groups and/or is preferably selected from the group consisting of TMC claim 1 , HTC and BTEC.6. The process according to any preceding claim wherein the polyfunctional amine has at least two amine functional groups claim 1 , and/or is preferably selected from the group consisting of m-PDA claim 1 , p-PDA claim 1 , TEA claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-triaminobenzene and 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4-triaminobenzene.7. The process according to any preceding claim ...

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11-04-2013 дата публикации

GAS DECOMPOSITION COMPONENT

Номер: US20130089806A1
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Provided is a gas decomposition component that employs an electrochemical reaction and can have high treatment performance, in particular, an ammonia decomposition component. The gas decomposition component includes a MEA including a solid electrolyte and an anode and a cathode that are disposed so as to sandwich the solid electrolyte; Celmets electrically connected to the anode ; a heater that heats the MEA; and an inlet through which a gaseous fluid containing a gas is introduced into the MEA, an outlet through which the gaseous fluid having passed through the MEA is discharged, and a passage P extending between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the Celmets are discontinuously disposed along the passage P and, with respect to a middle position of the passage, the length of the Celmets disposed is larger on the side of the outlet than on the side of the inlet. 1: A gas decomposition component used for decomposing a gas , comprising:a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a solid electrolyte and a first electrode and a second electrode that are disposed so as to sandwich the solid electrolyte;a porous metal body electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode;a heater that heats the MEA; andan inlet through which a gaseous fluid containing the gas is introduced into the MEA, an outlet through which the gaseous fluid having passed through the MEA is discharged, and a passage extending between the inlet and the outlet,wherein the porous metal body is discontinuously disposed along the passage and, with respect to a middle position of the passage, a length of the porous metal body disposed is larger on a side of the outlet than on a side of the inlet.2: The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the porous metal body is disposed in a region that is separated from the inlet by at least ⅕ or more of a total length of the passage.3: The gas decomposition component according to claim 1 , wherein the porous metal body ...

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11-04-2013 дата публикации

INTRAOCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR

Номер: US20130090534A1
Принадлежит:

An implantable intraocular physiological sensor for measuring intraocular pressure, glucose concentration in the aqueous humor, and other physiological characteristics. The implantable intraocular physiological sensor may be at least partially powered by a fuel cell, such as an electrochemical glucose fuel cell. The implantable intraocular physiological sensor may wirelessly transmit measurements to an external device. In addition, the implantable intraocular physiological sensor may incorporate aqueous drainage and/or drug delivery features. 1. An implantable physiological measurement device comprising:a sensing module configured to measure a physiological characteristic of an organism; anda fuel cell configured to produce power using a substance found in the organism, wherein the fuel cell is configured to supply operating power to one or more components provided in the device.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell is an electrochemical fuel cell that provides electrical power to the one or more components provided in the device.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the device is configured to be implanted in an eye.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the electrochemical fuel cell comprises a glucose fuel cell.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the sensing module is configured to measure intraocular pressure or glucose concentration in the aqueous humor of the eye.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the sensing module is configured to measure glucose concentration based on the amount of electrical power produced by the fuel cell.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the physiological characteristic corresponds to the amount of the substance used by the electrochemical fuel cell to produce electrical power.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more components comprise a transmitter and antenna configured to wirelessly transmit measurements from the sensing module to an external device claim 1 , and wherein the transmitter is configured to be at least ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING A COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A POLYMERIC MATRIX AND A FILLER CONSISTING IN ION EXCHANGE INORGANIC PARTICLES

Номер: US20130092873A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite material comprising a polymeric matrix and a filler consisting in ion exchange inorganic particles, comprising a step for synthesis in situ of said particles within the polymeric matrix. 1. A method for preparing a composite material comprising a polymeric matrix and a filler consisting in ion exchange inorganic particles comprising a step for synthesis in situ of said particles within the polymeric matrix.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step for synthesis in situ is carried out with the sol-gel method.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein M is silicon claim 3 , titanium or aluminium.6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein X is an —OR′ group or a halogen atom claim 3 , R′ representing an alkyl group.7. The method according to claim 3 , wherein R is a cation exchange group of formula -R-Z′ claim 3 , wherein:{'sup': '2', 'Ris a simple bond, a linear or branched alkylene group or a cyclic hydrocarbon group;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '3', '2', '2, 'Zis an —SOH, —POH, —COH group, optionally as salts.'}8. The method according to claim 3 , wherein R is a group of formula -R-Z claim 3 , wherein:{'sup': '2', 'Ris a simple bond, a linear or branched alkylene group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group;'}{'sup': 3', '1, 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00007', 'claim 7'}, 'Zis a precursor group of a group Zas defined in .'}10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the precursor is the mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane of formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '3, 'HS—(CH)—Si(OCHCH).'}12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the constitutive polymer(s) of the matrix are selected from fluorinated thermoplastic polymers.13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the fluorinated thermoplastic polymers are non-ion exchange polymers selected from polytetrafluorethylenes (known under the acronym of PTFE) claim 12 , polyvinylidene fluorides (known under the acronym of PVDF) claim 12 , ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF FORMING A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

Номер: US20130093129A1
Принадлежит:

A method for forming a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) article includes forming a SOFC unit cell in a single, free-sintering process, wherein the SOFC unit cell is made of an electrolyte layer, an interconnect layer, a first electrode layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the interconnect layer. The electrolyte layer of the SOFC unit cell is in compression after forming. 1. A method for forming a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) article comprising: an electrolyte layer;', 'an interconnect layer; and', 'a first electrode layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the interconnect layer;, 'forming a SOFC unit cell in a single, free-sintering process, the SOFC unit cell comprisingwherein the electrolyte layer is in compression after forming.24-. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises an average thickness of not greater than about 1 mm.69-. (canceled)10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interconnect layer comprises lanthanum strontium titanate (LST).11. The method of claim 1 , wherein interconnect layer comprises an average thickness of not greater than about 1 mm.1217-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode layer comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia.19. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming includes an isothermal hold of the SOFC unit cell at a first sintering temperature.20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming a second electrode layer overlying the interconnect layer.21. The method of claim 10 , wherein forming a second electrode comprises a second sintering process separate from the single claim 10 , free-sintering process of forming the SOFC unit cell.2226-. (canceled)27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is less than a CTE of the first electrode layer.28. A method for forming a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) article comprising: a green electrolyte layer;', 'a green interconnect layer; and', 'a ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

LIQUID HYDROPHOBIC PHASE TRANSITION SUBSTANCE, AND BATTERY COMPRISING SAME

Номер: US20130095388A1
Автор: NAKAMOTO Hirofumi
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance is provided that may improve the safety of a battery and restrain the deterioration in performance of the battery without deteriorating the properties of the battery. The liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance includes a hydrophobic salt having a melting point of 80° C. or more and a hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth. 18-. (canceled)9. A liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance comprising a hydrophobic salt having a melting point of 80° C. or more and a hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth , wherein the hydrophobic salt is diethylmethylisopropylammoniumbistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide or tetraethylammoniumbistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.10. The liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance according to claim 9 , wherein the hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth is lithiumbistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.11. (canceled)12. An electrode layer comprising at least one of a water reactive active material for reacting with water and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte claim 9 , and a liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance comprising a hydrophobic salt having a melting point of 80° C. or more and a hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth.13. An electrolyte layer comprising a liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance comprising a hydrophobic salt having a melting point of 80° C. or more and a hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth claim 9 , and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.14. A battery comprising at least one of: an electrode layer containing at least one of a water reactive active material for reacting with water and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte claim 9 , and a liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance comprising a hydrophobic salt having a melting point of 80° C. or more and a hydrophilic salt of an alkali or an alkaline earth; and an electrolyte layer containing the liquid hydrophobic phase transition substance and the ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONDITIONING MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE-UNITS FOR FUEL CELLS

Номер: US20130095409A1
Принадлежит: BASF Fuel Cell GmbH

The present invention relates to a method for the conditioning of membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells in which the output of the membrane electrode assemblies used can be increased and therefore the efficiency of the resulting polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells can be improved. 119-. (canceled)21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conditioning is performed at a temperature of from 80° C. to 300° C.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conditioning is performed at a temperature of from 100° C. to 290° C. and the minimum duration of the conditioning is at least 1 minute.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conditioning is performed at a temperature of from 140° C. to 275° C. and the minimum duration of the conditioning is at least 2 minutes.24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the minimum duration of the conditioning is at least 30 seconds.25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conditioning of the membrane electrode assembly is performed in an individual fuel cell or in a fuel cell stack.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein flushing with at least one gaseous medium takes place at least during the conditioning.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the gaseous medium is air claim 26 , oxygen claim 26 , nitrogen and/or noble gases.28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the media used as the gaseous medium contains no hydrogen gas or develops no hydrogen gas under the chosen conditions.29. The method of claim 25 , wherein the conditioning is performed under substantially currentless conditions.30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the polymer electrolyte matrix is an alkaline polymer and in turn contains at least one polymer with at least one heteroatom selected from the group of nitrogen claim 20 , oxygen and/or sulphur.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the alkaline polymer is a polymer comprising at least one nitrogen atom.32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the alkaline polymer is a polyphosphazene claim 30 , polyimine claim 30 , ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

FLUORINE CONTAINING IONOMER COMPOSITE WITH ION EXCHANGE FUNCTION, PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20130095411A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is a composite which is comprised of one or more ion exchange resin(s) and fluorine containing polymer fiber, wherein the fiber and the film-forming resin form a triazine-ring crosslinked structure, so that the film prepared from the composite is of good airtightness and stability, as well as high ion exchange capacity and high conductivity. The preparation method of the composite, the product prepared from this composite and the use thereof are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. A composite material , wherein:(a) said composite material is composed of one or more ion exchange resins with ion exchange function and fluorine-containing polymer fiber functioning as reinforcing material;(b) the surface of said fluorine-containing polymer fiber is graft-modified by nitrile group-containing functional monomer;(c) at least one of ion exchange resins composing said composite material comprises nitrile group which forms triazine ring cross-linked structure with the nitrile group of the functional monomer grafted in fluorine-containing polymer fiber.14. The composite material according to claim 13 , wherein the ion exchange capacity of said resin as shown in general formulas (II) claim 13 , (III) claim 13 , (IV) claim 13 , (V) or (VI) is 0.80-1.60 mmol/g; the number average molecular weight is 150 claim 13 ,000-450 claim 13 ,000.15. The composite material according to claim 14 , wherein said fluorine-containing polymer fiber is one or more selected from polytetrafluroethylene fiber claim 14 , polyperfluorinated ethylene propylene fiber claim 14 , perfluoropropyl vinylether fiber and/or fluorocarbon polymer fiber; the diameter of the fluorine-containing polymer fiber is 0.005 μm-50 μm and the length of the fluorine-containing polymer fiber is 0.05 μm-3 mm; the mass ratio of the fluorine-containing polymer fiber to the ion exchange resin is 0.5-50:100.16. The composite material according to claim 15 , wherein the diameter of the fluorine-containing polymer fiber is 0. ...

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18-04-2013 дата публикации

Composite having ion exchange function and preparation method and use thereof

Номер: US20130096214A1

A composite having ion exchange function, preparation method and use thereof are provided. The composite is formed by compounding ion exchange resin with fluorine-containing polymer porous membrane, wherein the nitrile groups in the ion exchange resin react with the nitrile groups grafted on the fluorine-contained polymer porous membrane to form triazine ring crosslinked structure. The composite has excellent mechanical property and gas impermeability, high ion exchange capacity and high electroconductivity.

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

Gas Diffusion Electrode, Method of Producing Same, Membrane Electrode Assembly Comprising Same and Method of Producing Membrane Electrode Assembly Comprising Same

Номер: US20130101906A1
Принадлежит: VITO NV

A process for producing a gas diffusion electrode comprising the steps of: casting a porous electrically conductive web with a suspension of particles of an electrically conductive material in a solution of a first binder to provide a first layer which is an electrochemically active layer (AL); casting a suspension of particles of a hydrophobic material in a solution of a second binder on said first layer to provide a second layer; and subjecting said first and second layer to phase inversion thereby realising porosity in both said first layer and said second layer, wherein said subjection of said second layer to phase inversion thereby realises a water repellent layer; a gas diffusion electrode obtained therewith; the use of a gas diffusion electrode in an membrane electrode assembly; a membrane electrode assembly comprising the gas diffusion electrode; and a method of producing a membrane electrode assembly is realised, said membrane electrode assembly comprising a membrane sandwiched between two electrodes at least one of which is a gas diffusion electrode, wherein said method comprises the step of casting said membrane electrode assembly in a single pass.

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

FUEL CELL

Номер: US20130101914A1
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

An anode separator of a fuel cell forms: a plurality of gas flow channels arranged in parallel to let a fuel gas flow to an MEA; a supply passage configured to supply the plurality of gas flow channels with the fuel gas; and a recovery passage configured to recover the fuel gas from the plurality of gas flow channels. The plurality of gas flow channels include: a gas flow channel connects the supply passage and the recovery passage; and a gas flow channel having the supply passage side blocked. 1. A fuel cell comprising:a membrane electrode assembly obtained by forming electrode layers on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane; anda plurality of gas flow channels arranged and arrayed on at least one surface of the membrane electrode assembly to let a reactive gas flow through the membrane electrode assembly from a supply side of the reactive gas to a recovery side of the reactive gas,wherein the membrane electrode assembly includes a diffusion layer configured to diffuse the reactive gas, which flows through the plurality of gas flow channels, over the electrode layer, a first gas flow channel provided as a gas flow channel that connects the supply side with the recovery side in substantially fixed channel cross-section area; and', 'a second gas flow channel provided as a gas flow channel having the supply side blocked., 'wherein the plurality of gas flow channels include2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of gas flow channels are provided on an anode side of the membrane electrode assembly claim 1 , anda fuel gas is made to flow on the anode side in a direction opposed to flow of an oxidizing gas on a cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly.3. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the recovery side of the diffusion layer has greater gas permeability claim 1 , which indicates a degree of permeation of the reactive gas claim 1 , than the supply side of the diffusion layer.4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , ...

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

Номер: US20130101917A1
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes: a sealing structure () including a substantially rectangular ring-shaped first gasket portion () and a substantially rectangular ring-shaped second gasket portion (), the first gasket portion () being positioned outward of a peripheral portion of a first gas diffusion layer () and between a first separator () and a first catalyst layer () positioned at a peripheral portion of a polymer electrolyte membrane the second gasket portion () being positioned outward of the peripheral portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane () and between the first separator () and a second separator (); and at least the first catalyst layer (), a second catalyst layer (), and a swellable resin portion (II) formed of a swellable resin whose volume expands when water is added thereto, the swellable resin portion () being positioned between the first gasket portion () and the first catalyst layer () positioned at the peripheral portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane (). 1. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising:a substantially rectangular polymer electrolyte membrane with a pair of first and second main surfaces;a substantially rectangular first catalyst layer facing the first main surface, the first catalyst layer extending so as to cover a peripheral portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane at, at least, one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane when seen in a thickness direction of the polymer electrolyte membrane;a substantially rectangular second catalyst layer facing the second main surface;a substantially rectangular first gas diffusion layer which is, when seen in a perpendicular direction to the thickness direction, positioned at an opposite side to the polymer electrolyte membrane with respect to the first catalyst layer which is interposed between the first gas diffusion layer and the polymer electrolyte membrane, and when seen in the thickness direction, extends so as to cover a portion of the first catalyst layer, the ...

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

REINFORCED ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE

Номер: US20130101918A1
Принадлежит: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY

An electrolyte membrane having a proton conducting polymer reinforced with a nanofiber mat made from a nanofiber comprising a fiber material selected from polymers and polymer blends; wherein the fiber material has a fiber material proton conductivity; wherein the proton conducting polymer has a proton conducting polymer conductivity; and wherein the fiber material proton conductivity is less than the proton conducting polymer conductivity, and methods of making. In some embodiments, the nanofiber further comprises a proton conducting polymer. 1. An electrolyte membrane , comprising: wherein the nanofiber mat is made from a nanofiber comprising a fiber material selected from the group consisting of PES, PES blended with PVDF, PEI, PBI, PPO, PEEK, PPES, PEK, blends and combinations thereof; and', 'wherein the first proton conducting polymer is selected from the group consisting of highly fluorinated ionomer, perfluorinated ionomer, hydrocarbon ionomer, blends and combinations thereof., 'a first proton conducting polymer reinforced with a nanofiber mat;'}23.-. (canceled)4. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the fiber material is selected from PES and PES blended with PVDF.57.-. (canceled)8. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber further comprises a proton conducting polymer.910.-. (canceled)11. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the fiber material is crosslinked.1213.-. (canceled)14. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber mat has an average basis weight in a range from 3.2 g/mto 6.5 g/m.15. (canceled)16. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers.17. (canceled)18. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the nanofiber has an average diameter no greater than 1000 nm.1920.-. (canceled)21. The electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the first proton conducting polymer further comprises a ...

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, FUEL CELL, GAS DETOXIFICATION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20130101919A1
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

Provided are a MEA, a fuel cell, and a gas detoxification apparatus that allow at high efficiency a general electrochemical reaction causing gas decomposition or the like and are excellent in cost efficiency; and a method for producing a MEA. In this MEA , a porous base , a porous anode , an ion-conductive solid electrolyte , and a porous cathode are stacked. The anode or the cathode is in contact with a surface of the porous base . The porous anode includes a metal deposit body having catalysis for gas decomposition. 1. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) used for an electrochemical reaction causing gas decomposition , comprising:a porous base; anda MEA body portion in which a porous anode, an ion-conductive solid electrolyte, and a porous cathode are stacked,wherein the anode or the cathode is disposed in contact with a surface of the porous base, andthe porous anode has a porous layer or deposit layer of a metal having catalysis for the gas decomposition.2. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the porous base is a cylindrical body; the anode is disposed so as to have a cylindrical form in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body; and the solid electrolyte and the cathode are disposed so as to have cylindrical forms on the anode.3. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the porous base is a cylindrical body; the cathode is disposed so as to have a cylindrical form in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body; and the solid electrolyte and the anode are disposed so as to have cylindrical forms on an inner-surface side of the cathode.4. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the metal having catalysis is composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni claim 1 , a Ni—Fe system claim 1 , a Ni—Co system claim 1 , a Ni—Cu system claim 1 , a Ni—Cr system claim 1 , and a Ni—W system.5. The membrane electrode assembly ...

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

Fluorine containing ionomer composite with ion exchange function, preparation method and use thereof

Номер: US20130101921A1
Принадлежит: Individual

Provided is a composite which is comprised of one or more ion exchange resin(s) and a porous fluorine containing polymer membrane ( 2 ), wherein the porous membrane and the resin form a carbon-chain crosslinked structure, so that the film prepared from the composite is of good airtightness and stability, as well as high ion exchange capacity and high conductivity. The preparation method of the composite, the product prepared from this composite and the application thereof are also provided.

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09-05-2013 дата публикации

FUEL CELL

Номер: US20130115541A1
Принадлежит: NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.

A fuel cell is provided with a membrane electrode assembly provided with a frame, both of which are sandwiched between two separators. The fuel cell is configured such that reactive gas is circulated between the frame and the separators. The frame and both separators each have manifold holes, the rims of the manifold holes of frame extend into the manifold holes in the separators, and protrusions cover the inner peripheral surfaces of the manifold holes in at least one of the separators. This structure makes possible the easy and accurate position and integration of the separators and the frame, and fuel cell miniaturization can be achieved because space to position the protrusions is not needed. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. The fuel cell as claimed in claim 12 , wherein a contour line coaxial with the frame manifold hole and bounding the positioning projection is located outwardly of a contour line of the separator manifold hole.4. The fuel cell as claimed in wherein the positioning projection is hook-shaped for engagement with the adjacent separator after passing through the separator manifold hole.5. The fuel cell as claimed in wherein the positioning projection comprises junction portions on both an anode side of the positioning projection and a cathode side of the positioning projection for mutual abutment between adjacent fuel cells when stacking a plurality of the fuel cells.6. The fuel cell as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the junction portions of the positioning projection have a first shape on the anode side and a second shape on the cathode side claim 5 , the first and second shapes configured for mutual engagement therebetween.7. The fuel cell as claimed in claim 6 , the junction portion on one of the anode side and cathode side junction portions has an inwardly directing claim 6 , inclined surface relative to the frame manifold hole while another of the anode side and cathode side junction portions has an outwardly oriented claim 6 , inclined surface ...

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09-05-2013 дата публикации

HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORM

Номер: US20130115544A1
Принадлежит: Davidson Technology Limited

An apparatus for generating electrical energy at altitude, comprising a tether connecting a substantially ground level location, part to a platform at an elevated location, the tether comprising a conduit coupled to an electrical generator at the platform, the conduit arranged to allow the flow of a fuel fluid from the substantially ground level location to the elevated location, and the electrical generator being operable to convert energy in the fuel fluid to electrical energy at the elevated location. 1. An apparatus for generating electrical energy at altitude , comprising a tether connecting a substantially ground level location to a platform at an elevated location , the tether comprising a conduit coupled to an electrical generator at the platform , the conduit arranged to allow the flow of a fuel fluid from the substantially ground level location to the elevated location , and the electrical generator being operable to convert energy in the fuel fluid to electrical energy at the elevated location.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the elevated location is at an altitude of from 300 m to 25 claim 1 ,000 m.3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , which comprises one or more balloons or dirigibles at the elevated location.4. An apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein such a one or more balloons or dirigibles is capable of providing a lifting force of at least 5.0 metric tonnes.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a pipe with an internal circular or near-circular cross-section claim 1 , through which the fuel fluid flows.6. An apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the inside diameter claim 5 , through which the fuel fluid flows claim 5 , is from 1.5 to 30 mm.7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conduit contains fuel fluid at a flow rate of from 0.00002 to less 1.0 kg/s.8. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel fluid comprises hydrogen or a hydrocarbon fluid.9. An apparatus according to claim 8 , ...

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF FABRICATING MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND GAS DIFFUSION LAYER

Номер: US20130122394A1
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A method of fabricating a membrane electrode assembly, comprising: obtaining a mixture by mixing and kneading electrically conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant, and a dispersion solvent (S); obtaining a sheet-like mixture by rolling out and shaping the mixture (S); obtaining a carbon sheet by heat-treating the sheet-like mixture at a first heat treatment temperature such that the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the sheet-like mixture (S); obtaining a dispersion liquid by mixing electrically conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant, and a dispersion solvent (S); forming, on the carbon sheet, a dispersion liquid layer thinner than the carbon sheet by forming and drying a coating of the dispersion liquid on the carbon sheet (S); obtaining a gas diffusion layer in which a carbon layer is formed on the carbon sheet, by heat-treating the carbon sheet on which the dispersion liquid layer is formed at a second heat treatment temperature lower than the first heat treatment temperature such that the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the dispersion liquid layer (S); and stacking a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane in said order on the carbon layer (S). 1. A method of fabricating a membrane electrode assembly , comprising:obtaining a mixture by mixing and kneading electrically conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant, and a dispersion solvent;obtaining a sheet-like mixture by rolling out and shaping the mixture;obtaining a carbon sheet by heat-treating the sheet-like mixture at a first heat treatment temperature such that the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the sheet-like mixture;obtaining a dispersion liquid by mixing electrically conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant, and a dispersion solvent;forming, on the carbon sheet, a dispersion liquid layer thinner than the carbon sheet by forming and drying a coating of the dispersion liquid on the carbon ...

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

Composition, composite prepared from the composition, electrode using the composition or the composite, composite membrane including the composite, and fuel cell including the composite membrane

Номер: US20130122395A1
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A composition including a cross-linkable compound and at least one selected from compounds represented by Formula 1, a composite obtained from the composition, an electrode including the composition or the composite, a composite membrane including the composite, and a fuel cell including the composite membrane, wherein, in Formula 1, a and R are as defined in the specification.

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

Номер: US20130122397A1
Автор: Takeguchi Shinsuke
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention includes: an electrolyte layer-electrode assembly (); a first separator (A) provided with a first reaction gas flowing region; and a second separator (B) provided with a second reaction gas flowing region. In the first separator (A), among one or more first turn portions (), at least one first turn portion () is provided with a first recess () and first projections (). In the second separator (B), among one or more second turn portions (), at least one second turn portion () is provided with a second recess () and second projections (). When seen in the thickness direction of the first separator (A), an overlap area is less than or equal to 5% of a gross area, the overlap area being a total overlap area between the first and second recesses (), the gross area being the total of the following areas: the area of all the first recesses (); and the area of all the second recesses (). 1. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising:an electrolyte layer-electrode assembly including an electrolyte layer and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte layer;a plate-shaped electrically conductive first separator disposed so as to be in contact with one electrode of the pair of electrodes of the electrolyte layer-electrode assembly, wherein one main surface of the first separator is in contact with the one electrode, the one main surface being provided with a first reaction gas flowing region which is formed in a winding shape and through which a first reaction gas flows, the first reaction gas flowing region including a plurality of groove-shaped first straight line portions and one or more first turn portions; anda plate-shaped electrically conductive second separator disposed so as to be in contact with another electrode of the pair of electrodes of the electrolyte layer-electrode assembly, wherein one main surface of the second separator is in contact with the other electrode, the one main surface being ...

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE WITH FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES

Номер: US20130122399A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, comprising a polymer matrix of at least one basic polymer and one or more doping agents, wherein particles containing ionogenic groups and having a mean particle diameter in the nanometer range are embedded in the polymer matrix and the particles containing ionogenic groups are distributed homogeneously in the polymer matrix in a concentration of less than 50% relative to the weight of the polymer matrix, as well as to the production and use of same, especially in high-temperature fuel cells. 1. A method for production of a polymer electrolyte membrane for high temperature fuel cells in a temperature range up to approximately 200° C. ,the polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix comprises at least one basic polymer, one or more doping agents, and particles containing ionogenic groups and having a mean particle diameter in the nanometer range, wherein said particles are embedded in the polymer matrix and are distributed homogeneously in the polymer matrix in a concentration of less than 50% relative to the weight of the polymer matrix,the method comprising:(a) producing a membrane casting solution, at least comprising a solvent, at least one matrix-forming basic polymer and particles containing ionogenic groups,(b) casting the membrane casting solution in the form of a membrane and(c) removing the solvent.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane is doped after step c) with at least one doping agent in a further step d).3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the doping agent with which the membrane is doped in step d) is selected from the group comprising phosphoric acid claim 2 , phosphoric acid derivatives claim 2 , phosphonic acid claim 2 , phosphonic acid derivatives claim 2 , sulfuric acid claim 2 , sulfuric acid derivatives claim 2 , sulfonic acid claim 2 , sulfonic acid derivatives or a combination of two or more thereof ...

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16-05-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODES HAVING Pt NANOPARTICLES ON RuO2 NANOSKINS

Номер: US20130122401A1
Принадлежит: US Department of Navy

An article having a titanium, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, tantalum, aluminum, silicon, or stainless steel substrate, a RuO 2 coating on a portion of the substrate; and a plurality of platinum nanoparticles on the RuO 2 coating. The RuO 2 coating contains nanoparticles of RuO 2 . A method of: immersing the substrate in a solution of RuO 4 and a nonpolar solvent at a temperature that is below the temperature at which RuO 4 decomposes to RuO 2 in the nonpolar solvent in the presence of the article; warming the article and solution to ambient temperature under ambient conditions to cause the formation of a RuO 2 coating on a portion of the article; and electrodepositing platinum nanoparticles on the RuO 2 coating.

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY HAVING ORGANOSILICON-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20130130131A1
Принадлежит: JOHNSON IP HOLDING, LLC

A rechargeable lithium air battery comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte disposed between a spaced-apart pair of a lithium anode and an air cathode. The electrolyte includes including a lithium salt and an additive containing an alkylene group or a lithium salt and an organosilicon compound. The alkylene additive may be alkylene carbonate, alkylene siloxane, or a combination of alkylene carbonate and alkylene siloxane. The alkylene carbonate may be vinylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination of vinylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The alkylene siloxane may be a polymerizable silane such as triacetoxyvinylsilane. In preferred embodiments, the organosilicon compound is a silane containing polyethyleneoxide side chain(s). 1. A rechargeable lithium air battery comprising:a lithium based anode, an air cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte,wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and at least one organosilicon compound, and wherein the anode and the cathode are spaced apart from one another and electrochemically coupled to one another by the electrolyte.2. The rechargeable battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate claim 1 , lithium tetrafluoroborate claim 1 , lithium hexafluoroarsenate claim 1 , lithium perchlorate claim 1 , lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide claim 1 , lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide claim 1 , lithium triflate claim 1 , lithium bis(oxalato)borate claim 1 , lithium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate claim 1 , lithium bromide claim 1 , and lithium iodide.3. The rechargeable battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium based anode comprises at least one of lithium metal claim 1 , a lithium-metal based alloy claim 1 , a lithium-intercalation compound claim 1 , and lithium titanate.4. The rechargeable battery according to claim 3 , wherein the lithium-intercalation compound comprises at least one of graphite claim 3 , mesocarbon ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

FLOWING ELECTROLYTE BATTERY WITH ELECTRIC POTENTIAL NEUTRALIZATION

Номер: US20130130142A1
Автор: COLELLO Gary, DARCY Dennis
Принадлежит: Premium Power Corporation

Flowing electrolyte batteries capable of being selectively neutralized chemically; processes of selectively neutralizing flowing electrolyte batteries chemically; and processes of selectively restoring the electrical potential of flowing electrolyte batteries are disclosed herein. 1. A method of operating a flowing electrolyte battery , the battery including first and second electrodes separated by a membrane , a catholyte reservoir for housing catholyte , and an anolyte reservoir for housing anolyte , the method comprising the steps of:flowing anolyte between the anolyte reservoir and the first electrode during both a normal and a neutralized operating mode;in the normal operating mode, flowing catholyte between the catholyte reservoir and the second electrode;detecting a neutralization event;triggering the neutralized operating mode from the normal operating mode in response to the detected neutralization event; andin the neutralized operating mode, flowing anolyte between the anolyte reservoir and the second electrode.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neutralization event is selected from the group consisting of abnormal battery voltage claim 1 , abnormal battery temperature claim 1 , abnormal battery pressure claim 1 , battery leakage claim 1 , a period of non-use of the battery claim 1 , and a fire in an environment of the battery.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of detecting is performed by one or more sensors in data communication with a controller.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of flowing catholyte between the catholyte reservoir and the second electrode comprises flowing catholyte between a first and a second flow valve.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of flowing anolyte between the anolyte reservoir and the second electrode comprises flowing anolyte between the first and second flow valves.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein flowing catholyte between the first and second flow valves comprises:flowing catholyte through ...

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

FUEL CELL DEVICE AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20130130149A1
Автор: Devoe Alan, Devoe Lambert
Принадлежит:

Fuel cell devices and systems are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices include a ceramic support structure having a length, a width, and a thickness. A reaction zone positioned along a portion of the length is configured to be heated to an operating reaction temperature, and has at least one active layer therein comprising an electrolyte separating first and second opposing electrodes, and active first and second gas passages adjacent the respective first and second electrodes. At least one cold zone positioned from the first end along another portion of the length is configured to remain below the operating reaction temperature. An artery flow passage extends from the first end along the length through the cold zone and into the reaction zone and is fluidicly coupled to the active first gas passage, which extends from the artery flow passage toward at least one side. The thickness of the artery flow passage is greater than the thickness of the active first gas passage. In other embodiments, fuel cell devices include an electrolyte having at least a portion thereof comprising a ceramic material sintered from a nano-sized powder. In yet other embodiments, cold zones are provided at each end of the device with the reaction zone therebetween having at least two discrete power sections, each having one or more active layers, the power sections fed by discrete fuel passages to provide a device and system capable of operating at more than one power level. 1. A fuel cell device comprising:an elongate substrate having a length that is the greatest dimension whereby the elongate substrate exhibits thermal expansion along a dominant axis that is coextensive with the length, a reaction zone along a first portion of the length configured to be heated to an operating reaction temperature, and at least one cold zone along a second portion of the length configured to remain at a low temperature below the operating reaction temperature when the reaction zone is heated;at ...

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