PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMULATION OF THE CUTTING TREATMENT OF WORKPIECES.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 761,266, filed Sep. 17, 1991, now abandoned. The invention relates to a method for simulating the machining of workpieces on lathes. There are essentially two types of machining simulation known for machine tools. In one type the path of a theoretical tool tip is represented as a line on the screen of an NC control means; this type is therefore also called line graphics. In the second, the area of a shaded image of a workpiece that overlaps a simplified representation of a tool contour is deleted from the screen--this type is also called deletion graphics. Both types are described in EP-B 0 129 091. They serve to monitor the risk of collisions and also show up serious programming errors. The representation of the results of machining for an erosion machine is described in EP-A 308 727. The control means calculates the part of the workpiece cut away for each machining command and stores the shape of the cutout. Addition of all the cutouts gives the finished workpiece. The workpiece and the cutouts are shown. A modification of the line graphics results if the theoretical cutting tip rotates and simultaneously carries out a feed movement As can be seen in Zeitschrift fur Metallbearbeitung, 83, 1989, Vol. 11-12, pages 56-58 and in Werkstattstechnik 78 (1988), pages 97 to 99, this gives a two-dimensional impression which makes it possible to detect collisions and unfavourable tool shapes as well as unmachined regions. However, this simulation method is only suitable for milling operations, wherein the view of the workpiece must lie in the direction of the milling axis. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for simulating workpiece machining which, besides detecting collisions, also enables visual assessment of the technical relationships in the machining process. This object is achieved by the main invention. Also, there is a simplified embodiment which requires less computer capacity and speed. The degree of overlap or the utilization of the tool can be clearly seen if overlapping areas are highlighted by a denser pattern. This denser pattern results automatically if the pattern of successive feed movements is displaced or if its angular position is changed. In the case of rapid feed movements that have no technical effect, the representation of continuous lines suffices for detecting collisions. In addition the actual cutting position can be indicated by a spot of light at the point of the theoretical cutting tip. The length of the defined cutting edge can be freely selected to adapt to the machining requirements. It can thus be advantageous, in the case of hard materials, to allow only a small cutting depth to avoid overstressing the tool. The method can be used for all conventional tools, even multi-edged tools, used in lathes, irrespective of whether they rotate. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows the area traversed by the cutting edge of the tool; FIG. 2 shows two successive areas; FIG. 3 shows the simulation of a drilling operation; FIG. 4 shows the simulation of a turning and milling operation; FIG. 5 shows the simulation of a plunge cut machining operation; FIG. 6 .shows the simulation of a faulty program; FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram. FIG. 1 shows the part of the cutting edge 1 of a tool provided to cut a workpiece which comprises a straight line Ls1, a circular arc Ls2 and a further straight line Ls3. The tool and thus the cutting edge 1 is intended to carry out the positioning command WS in the machining feed. In doing so the area 2 is traversed by the cutting edge 1. The area 2 is bounded by the active part of the cutting edge at the starting point Fs and at the end point Fe, by the line a1 equidistant from the path command WS and passing through the starting point 3 of Ls1 and by the line a2 equidistant from the path command WS and passing through the furthest point of the cutting edge 1 transverse to the feed direction. The area 2 is filled with a dotted pattern 4. FIG. 2 shows the areas 5, 6 that are traversed by the cutting edge 1 in two successive machining feed movements, that partly overlap. The dotted pattern 7 and the boundary 8 of the area 5 remain visible even within the area 6. The dotted pattern 9 of the area 6 is arranged so that the previous pattern is not covered. In this way the degree of overlap is clearly visible. FIG. 3 shows the relationships in the case of a drilling process. Since cutting with only part of the cutting edge is not possible when boring into solid material, both main cutting edges must be defined in their entirety as cutting edges. The workpiece 10 to be machined is held by the jaws 12 of a chuck 11 of a lathe. The rapid traverse movement of the tool is shown as the broken line 13. The feed movement appears as the shaded area 14 which is bounded by the lines parallel to the direction of feed and passing through the outer cutting points. The first machining feed ends with the boundary 15 at the end point Fe. The drill is then withdrawn to remove turnings. The following machining feed begins at the starting point 16. The area 17 is thus traversed twice in the machining feed, as can be recognised from the double shading. In FIG. 4 a workpiece 18 is clamped in a chuck 11 and is machined by a turning tool 19 having a cutting tip 20. The continuous line 21 represents the image of the unmachined part while the broken lines 23, 24 represent the finished part. Two successive cuts 25, 26 of the turning operation are shown, the positions of which in relation to the unmachined part and to one another are clear. The milling of a feather keyway 27 is also shown on the workpiece 18. The cutting part of the cutting edges of a multi-edge tool 28 shown in this view is a circular arc. Here again the equidistant lines join the outermost points of the circular arcs. In FIG. 5 the simulation of a plunge-cutting process is shown. The workpiece is indicated by a continuous line 30. The contour 31 of the finished part is shown by a broken line. Successive machining feeds of the plunge-cutting tool are shown by the alternate inclinations of the shading, so that in the overlapping cutting area a diamond pattern results that is clearly distinguished from the individual cutting areas. The theoretical tool cutting point can in addition be detected as a spot of light 32 on the screen. FIG. 6 shows the external turning of a workpiece 33 using several cuts. It is immediately apparent that the cutting depth selected was too large for the edge intended to do the cutting. Webs 34 of material remain between successive cuts. It can also be seen that in the case of one of the cuts 35 the tool would damage the contour 36 of the finished part in the region 37. FIG. 7 is a simplified flow diagram for generating the envelope surface. The starting point is the positioning command WS, wherein "S" is intended to indicate that only paths programmed with cutting speed are to be taken into consideration. The shape of the out is formed as a continuous line comprising straight line and circular elements and can stored in a data file. It is also necessary to distinguish between straight lines and circles in the case of positioning commands because the shape of the cut only remains unaltered in the case of straight lines. The calculation of the equidistant lines also differentiates between straight line and circular shapes. The connecting edges in the case of circular commands are circular arcs which result from the mid-point displacement and the corrected radius. In a method of simulating the machining of workpieces on lathes by means of a data processing unit, the blank contour of the workpiece to be machined, the finished-part contour of the workpiece and the tool contour are represented two-dimensionally on the screen. The motional path of a defined tool reference point is represented in accordance with a machining program. The tool cutting-edge part intended for the cutting action is defined. The area swept in each case by this part of the cutting edge during the working feed is bordered and identified by a pattern in such a way that lines and patterns already present remain visible. <IMAGE> Method for simulating the cutting machining of workpieces on turning machines on the screen of a numerical control or programming device, on which the blank contour of the workpiece to be machined, the finished product contour of the workpiece and the contour (1) of the tool are illustrated in two dimensions, the movement path (WS) of a defined tool reference point being represented in accordance with a machining program, characterized in that the part (LS1 - Lsn), provided for cutting, of the cutting edge(s) (1) of a tool is defined, and in that the surface (2) which is travelled over by the part of the cutting edge (1) during each operational advance is outlined and indicated by a pattern (4, 7, 9), in each case the patterns (4, 7, 9) of the preceding operational advances remaining visible so that overlapping surfaces are highlighted by a denser pattern. Method for simulating machining of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that an outlined surface (2) is produced for each movement instruction (WS), stored in the program, in the operational advance. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces (14, 25, 26) are indicated by hatching. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces (2, 5, 6) are indicated by dot matrices (4, 7, 9). Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reference point of the pattern is offset between two successive advancing movements by an amount which is smaller than the distance between two identical pattern elements. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 3, characterized in that the angle of the hatching is changed between two successive advancing movements. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that tool movements which are carried out in rapid movement mode are represented by the line which corresponds to the pathway of a defined cutting point. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that the current cutting position is represented by a lightspot (32), corresponding to the reference point of the tool cutter, on the screen. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that the defined cutting edge of tools with a main cutter only constitutes part of the actually present cutting length. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the case of multi-cutter tools the outlining of the projection surface is determined as a defined cutting edge. Method for simulating the processing of workpieces according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outlining of the travelled-over surface is produced by the line (Ls1 - Lsn) representing the tool cutting part and by equidistant lines (a1,a2) with respect to the movement instruction (WS). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION