PROCEDURE FOR THE ARMOURING OF A CONCRETE BUILDING AND ARMOURING ELEMENTS FOR THIS

The invention concerns procedures for the armouring of concrete buildings gemäß the generic term of the requirements 1 and 5.

Such a procedure is admits from the DE-A-2 759,161.

Concrete buildings must be armoured. Usually one uses for this flabby steel bars or steel mats. These have the advantage, daß one it at will to cut and bend can, depending upon the local conditions. This procedure is limited to steel of small quality. Steel of high quality is not applicable because of the high stretch with advantage. It was suggested from there inserting for the armouring of concrete buildings into the local concrete flabby stress dispatch hurry which are linked up for their part with steel bars of high quality. These did not become generally accepted however, since particularly from the nature of these armouring elements as linked up precast concrete parts a restriction resulted on straight pieces. Thus they are not applicable as general replacement for flabby reinforcing steel.

It is task of the invention to be created an armouring procedure be manufactured with that armouring element half commodity in stock, preferably endlessly, can and with use, i.e. before concreting, if necessary after cutting to the necessary length, later the required curvatures receives.

This task becomes gemä&szlig by the procedure; the requirements 1 and 5 solved. Attempts at centrically high-linked up, thin concrete parts have gemäß US-A-5 143,674, da&szlig shown; these parts, if they are bent over a role, groß e curvatures to go through can, without daß a destruction with a loss of the pre-loading takes place. Crucially is daß not over sharp corners one bends, but daß the bending roll diameter with the concrete thickness and kind of concrete as well as the pre-loading are co-ordinated. Depending upon the relationship from concrete thickness to bending roll diameter step to the Auß enseite tears up. Läß t one the curved staff to short time loosely, then points itself it, daß it again its straight form assumes. Attempts have however suppl. that, daß with sufficiently thin elements, which were held longer time in the curved form, those äuß eren tears disappear and the parts after releasing the curved form kept. The explanation for this behavior is to be looked for in the creep ability of the concrete. Concrete deforms vividly under fatigue strength. This deformation is the higher, the concrete compression stress is the higher. With bending over the role the pre-loading affects only the surface of the ungerissenen cross section, and for this increase of the centric tension very high voltage peaks at the printing edge at the role come. The concrete shortens, and it curves, because the edge at the role deforms much more strongly vividly than the center.

This effect obligatory of verkrümmter, thin linked up concrete parts becomes erfindungsgemäß uses to use in the building of concrete techniques how they are common with volumes and wires. Very thin, high-linked up concrete elements, is manufactured which can be processed under utilization of the obligatory curvature to curved or laminarly laminated or laminar or physically built up elements. The thickness of the elements amounts to 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 10 mm. They are preferably made of a high-strength mortar, which possibly contains arranged or nondirectional fibers as additive. By thin tendons from filaments from glass, plastic, Aramid, basalt or from thin steel wires is applied a concrete compressive prestress by at least 20 N/mm2. The shaping by creeping can be supported, as in the curved condition the tears are filled with synthetic resin or as the curved form is fixed by laminating. The concrete elements are implemented in the form of concrete wires, concrete volumes or as laminar structures with the pre-loading in one or more directions. They are preferably manufactured in a continuous procedure and transported for the installation or for the subsequent treatment as straight elements or rolled up on coils.

The advantage of the invention is in it, daß it the extension of the employment of the concrete staff armouring on curved and laminar armouring elements makes possible. Auß erdem one can manufacture thicker staffs from thin volumes by laminating. A only one clamping bed operable in the continuous-flow process is thus sufficient.

In the following the invention is more near described on the basis by designs and remark examples. Show

Fig. 1 A, b

a schematic longitudinal cut by an intermittent manufacturing with two different kinds of the course creation in the clamping bed,

Fig. 2 A, b

a schematic profile by a continuous manufacturing with two different kinds of the course creation in the clamping bed,

Fig. 3 A, b

a schematic representation of 2 coupled, lengthwise-relocatable clamping anchorages with continuous manufacturing,

Fig. 4

a schematic profile by a concreting station with circulating chain formwork elements and spraying nozzles for concrete and fibers,

Fig. 5 A-e

Cuts along the lines A-A to e-e of the Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

a schematic profile by a concreting station with circulating chain formwork elements and introduction of a Faserflieses,

Fig. 7 A-e

Cuts along the lines A-A to e-e of the figure 6,

Fig. 8

a cut by a chain formwork element with concreting several parts in the federation,

Fig. 9

a schematic cut by an extrusion mechanism,

Fig. 10, A, b

vertical and horizontal profiles by a concreting mechanism with injection lances,

Fig. 11

a profile by a part of the concreting mechanism with the reciprocal imprinting of fiber tiles,

Fig. 12

a plan view on a clamping frame for stretching transverse tendons of concrete mats,

Fig. 13 A, b

two curved elements before and after laminating to a straight staff,

Fig. 14

a cut by an element with bending over a role,

Fig. 15

an opinion of a laminated handle armouring element,

Fig. 16 A, b

Draufsichten on twisted and laminated, laminar armouring elements,

Fig. 17

a perspective representation of a winding procedure on a cylinder,

Fig. 18

a side view of a laminated truss boom,

Fig. 19

a plan view on the tendons of an armouring element linked up in two directions,

Fig. 20

an opinion one from concrete volumes laminated resounding binder.

In Fig. 1 is schematically represented the manufacturing bind or to drahtförmigen armouring element half commodity. The tendons 2 are completed by supply roles of 4. Different materials can be used such as steel, glass, carbon or plastic filaments. For the improvement of the behaviour in case of fire also heatproof fibers can be inserted such as basalt. The thickness of the tendons is co-ordinated with the concrete thickness. Preferably are used tendons of 3 to 6 mm thickness, and as a rule for each concrete cross section several tendons are arranged, which are completed by several supply roles. Alternatively on a role particularly prefabricated chucking devices are possibly inserted with the fibers. They extend by a concreting bed 6 with movable concrete pouring mechanism 8. for starting the plant the tendons 2 with their free end at a Wickelspule 10 are embodied. They are then linked up with an initial tension strength, which results from the concrete cross section and the intended concrete compressive prestress. With small cross sections can gemäß Fig. 1 The course over the supply role of 4 and over the Wickelspule 10 to be applied directly. Then with resting tendons 2 one concretes. After the concrete is at least partly hardened, the Wickelspule 10 is turned in direction of arrow. The flexible linked up concrete volume 12 under the tension is rolled up. A new section of the tendons 2 into the concreting bed 6 is drawn.

A mortar is used, which possesses a very high ultimate strength combined with a fast strength development. The high ultimate strength is reached by a close grain structure using finest Silikastaub with small Wasseranteil, while the early strength is reached by fast-binding cement and a thermal treatment. Alternatively as bonding agents also totally or partly polymers are used. The concrete becomes gleichmä&szlig in the concrete form zone, preferably with volumes, from both sides out; industrial union brought in and by rollers or shaking or by presses into a trough consolidates. It slides then on a table within the confirmation range. The length of this range depends on the strength development of the concrete. Only if the concrete achieved sufficient firmness, the pre-loading can be applied.

For the fine dispersion of the tears, for the splitting tension admission and for the increase of the robustness in the case of transport fibers can be added to the mortar. The effect of the fibers rises with the fiber content. Up to a fiber content of approx. 5% the fibers can be added to the mortar. Higher fiber contents, which go up to 30%, can be achieved by spraying mixing. Alternatively the fibers before concreting are brought in as fleece around the tendons, and the concrete is brought in a closed form by injecting a highly liquid mortar into the prefabricated non-woven cloths. An alternative consists of rolling the non-woven cloths in into the before rigidly formed mortar from both sides the volumes. The subsequent treatment of the mortar takes place e.g. via heating in autoclaves or via microwaves with possible soaking with polymers and/or via applying a protective layer against drainage.

The concrete elements are rolled up on a coil or cut in standart lengths. During applying the tension at for the sake of-hardened elements by course over the drums themselves, the concrete half commodity is wound under course on the drums, and the pre-loading does not affect first as pre-loading the concrete cross section. Thus the creep load age is shifted up to the time of later completing of the drum.

The armouring semimanufactured products are transported to the building site or to the Weiterverarbeitungsbetrieb. Usually for each construction unit an armouring plan is provided, which contains all lengths and bends for each individual armouring element. According to these data now the parts are suitably cut, bent and laminated or also twisted or wound. It is wirschaftlich meaningfully, größ to prefabricate ere armouring units for the simpler assembly. For laminar armouring elements possibly also new standard products are provided such as camp mats by lichens or laminating. A characteristic of the subsequent treatment is used with half goods, which have the cross section of a wire and thus with techniques to be worked on to be able, as them admit from the rope technology are. These rope or braid parts can be processed to new armouring elements, and they are also directly like rope or braids usable.

In Fig. 1 b is shown an intermittent manufacturing, with which the clamping bed tension of the tendons 2 over a lengthwise-stretchable clamping device 14, 16 is produced. A clamping device 14 attacks the other 16 at the confirmed armouring element 12 at the tendons 2. Force arrows symbolize a wedging and a stretching.

In place of the clamping device for the tendons 2 also common wedge anchorages can be used. With the training of the manufacturing plant after Fig. 1 b can also armouring elements be manufactured, which are not rolled up, but straight are cut to remain and on standart lengths.

In Fig. a continuous manufacturing is schematically in the profile represented 2 A. Contrary to the intermittent manufacturing after Fig. 1 is now the concreting mechanism 8 stationary. The concrete is brought in the concreting form 22 and walks continuously into the confirmation range. The concreting forms are preferably designed as walking chain formwork elements, which run out over the confirmation range. The length of the confirmation range can depending upon concrete composition, Nachbehandlungsmaß took and displacement speed of 50 to 100 m amounted to. In Fig. the course production is represented 2 A over the two coils 4 and 10. The movement of the supply reel 4 and the take-up reel 10 takes place continuously. In Fig. the continuous manufacturing with lengthwise-relocatable clamping devices 30 is represented 2 b. As is the case for the Fig. 1 b can thereby also straight armouring elements without rolling up be manufactured.

The impact of the continuously lengthwise-relocatable, coupled clamping devices 30 is in Fig. 3 A, b describes. Only the device at the tendon side is represented. The device at the side of the armouring elements works accordingly. The device consists of two homogenous clamping devices 30, which are coupled with one another and movements moving in opposite directions would drive out. The stress is applied over the chequer plates 32, which are squeezed together with clamping presses 34. It is transferred over a housing 35 to longitudinal cylinders 36. These cylinders move in longitudinal direction, as represented by the movement arrow 38. In the following the function is to be described. In Fig. 2 b condition shown are opened the presses 30 A and 30 C and the presses 30 b and 30 D closed. This condition is in Fig. 3 A for 30 A and 30 b vergröß ert represented. The presses 30 b and 30 D move continuously to the right, whereby they hold the tendons 2 and the armouring element 12 under tension at the same time and transport. While the presses 30 A and 30 b are opened for this time to the left and are moved. Before the longitudinal cylinders 36 of the presses 30 b and 30 D at their end of the stroke arrive, the presses 30 A and 30 C are stopped, closed and moved together with the presses 30b and 30 D in reverse direction (to the right). Afterwards the presses 30 b are opened, for 30 D. This condition is in Fig. 3 b shown. Now the presses take over 30 A and 30 C transport under tension. The presses 30 b and 30 D are moved to the left now in the opened condition. This procedure repeats itself intermittently, whereby however the armouring element 12 and the tendons are moved continuously under tension. Briefly in each case all clamping presses work. During the force application into the tendons also the wedge anchorage common with tendons can be used in place of the clamping presses with chequer plates.

In the figures a manufacturing plant is shown 4 and 5a to D, with which the concrete and the fibers are squirted into circulating chain formwork elements 40. Injecting takes place in two phases. Fig. the empty scarf form 40 shows 5a. A concrete spraying device 42 and a fiber spraying device 44 are used. First into the empty scarf form 40 with overlapping spraying cones in the air flow on the same place of the formwork the fiber-reinforced concrete 46 up to half formwork height is injected (Fig. 5b). Then the halffilled scarf form under the guide roller 48 is passed through (Fig. 5 c). The tendons 2 are turned back and pressed into the fresh concrete and centered at the same time by the guide roller. Schließ lich the remaining concrete fiber mixture is brought in again with airless spraying plants for concrete and fibers 42, 44 (Fig. 5 d), and with moving the filled scarf form on under a Abschluß rolls 50 the concrete is consolidated and smoothed (Fig. 5 e). Afterwards the concrete armouring element is given subsequent treatment and hardened.

In the figures a manufacturing process is described 6 and 7 A to D, which uses likewise circulating chain formwork elements 40. The fibers are inserted here however in the form of fleeces 60, 62. Into the empty scarf form 40 (Fig. 7 a) over a guide roller 64 by a supply role of 66 the lower fleece 60 is pressed into the formwork. During moving the formwork on at the stationary concreting plant 8 the concrete up to the formwork center is highly liquidly filled in, or it is injected. Then over the guide roller 48 the strained tendons 2 are pressed into the concrete. Afterwards the remaining concrete is brought in, and the upper fleece 62 is pressed into the fresh concrete with the roller 64 and shaken at the same time and smoothed.

In Fig. the cross section of a federation of formwork elements is represented 8. Several armouring elements in a processing step become gemäß Fig. 6 manufactured, as the formwork ground of lengthening running bars exhibits 70 close to the center. A Abschluß rolls 72 has in the same places cuts 74, so daß the armouring elements are connected with a small transition piece. This becomes later splits.

In Fig. schematically an extrusion mechanism 80 is represented 9, with which over a snail 82 or a similar mechanism the concrete is brought under pressure into the formwork. The chucking devices 2 run thereby in longitudinal direction, and that concrete 84 is extruded from the side to these around. The shaping takes place thereby via a closed nozzle 86.

In the figures a concreting mechanism for a continuous manufacturing is represented 10 A, b, with which first non-woven cloths 90, 92 are drawn from downside and above around the strained tendons 2 into a concreting form 94. The highly liquid concrete becomes then over stationary injection lances 96 similarly Fig. 8 eingepreß t.

In Fig. a part of a concreting mechanism is represented 11, with which on the still fresh concrete of the concrete reinforcing bar from both sides by means of pinfeed platens 100 non-woven cloths 102 and 104 under possible shaking are imprinted. The concreting form 94 exhibits for this appropriate recesses 106.

In Fig. a plan view is represented 12 on a clamping frame 110. The direction of motion of the manufacturing is indicated by the arrow 112. On the one hand longitudinal tendons 2 are intended. The tensioning arrangements are not here represented. The manufacturing has 4 ranges. In the first range a transverse tendon 114 in anchorages 116 is contrived, which form reciprocally one circulating chain each. They are preferably embodied over clamping devices. The anchorages 116 are shifted in guidance in direction of motion; the guidance run apart in the expansion range. The sections of the transverse tendon receive thereby to the Maß the stretch from the expansion corresponding pre-loading. The distance of the anchorages 116 is kept again constant then within the concreting range and within the confirmation range, and the pre-loading remains likewise constant. Only after the end of the confirmation range, that the distance of the circulating anchorages can be is reduced depending upon the kind of the subsequent treatment in 50 or 100 m, and the clamping anchorages 116 are solved. The tension is applied on the concrete. One receives a laminar linked up mat. Recesses can be intended by the concrete form or later punch out.

In Fig. the production is represented to 13 A, b bind-like pieces of 120 completed curved by straight armouring elements from by a take-up reel by laminating. The two parts become with in each case the concave side (Fig. 13 a) one on the other-stuck. During the straight line arranging fine tears at the turned surfaces, which are closed with sticking together, develop. The Auß enflächen received by laminating an additional compression stress.

In Fig. bending of two thin linked up concrete volumes 130 represented 14 over a role 132 is. With bending develop at the Auß enrändern tears. By laminating and possibly additional filling that äuß eren tears the curved form are fixed.

In Fig. an armouring element laminated from two volumes 140, 141 is represented to 15 in form of a thrust handle 143 in side view. Such forms are manufactured individually for each construction unit after the armouring plan.

In Fig. 16 is described further examples of the subsequent treatment of armouring half commodity. From the band-shaped elements become by lichens (Fig. 16 a) or laminating (Fig. 16 b) laminar elements in the form of mats manufactured.

In Fig. a further processing step is represented 17 for the processing of thin concrete armouring elements; , e.g. for the production of pipes, supports or round containers, a linked up concrete volume 150 by a Wickelspule 152 is completed and anschließ end wound around a pipe 154.

In Fig. a truss boom 160 is shown 18 in side view, which is made by laminating of prestressed concrete armouring concretes. Can be inserted in the upper box cap 162 and Untergurt 164 also thicker concrete armouring elements with. A bar element 166 is intended in form of a curved band-shaped linked up armouring element at the concrete. Such more complex armouring elements are suitable for the prefabrication and faster transfer of armouring elements. It is also possible to use such laminated parts directly as construction units.

In Fig. a plan view is represented 19 on a laminar network of tendons. Such mats can be prefabricated and facilitated the installation of the armouring.

In the following important applications are described. For reinforced concrete muß concrete covering, i.e. the distance that äuß eren iron to the Auß enfläche for corrosion reasons of at least 3 to 6 cm amount to. In this range a close mat is inserted after available invention with rustproof tendons as skin armouring. Because the tears go as a rule from the surface of the concrete parts into the construction unit inside. The surface has a multiplicity of potential Riß beginnings in form of finest notches, which are not perceptible with the eye. These weak points develop with draining the construction units by course internal voltages or with shock coolings, e.g. with driving rain on one summer day. The notches are not very deep, but potential roots größ erer tears. A skin armouring within the range of concrete covering can stop far waxes of these tears. This skin armouring is the more necessarily, the more thickly one the concrete cover for the protection of the basic armouring selects muß. The skin armouring gemäß available invention has the advantage in relation to all other possible skin armourings such as steel mats or like fiber additives, daß it not corrosion-susceptibly is da&szlig and; it particularly because of their groß EN rigidity very many smaller tears and best Riß distribution results in. Thus the skin armouring provides for construction unit tightness against liquids of all kinds, for weathering and for optically perfect construction unit surfaces. They cause thus insensitivity to local weak points and are suitable as for nearly all operational areas of concrete construction units as close containers, so-called weiß e tubs, Auß enbauteile of all kinds, covers or bars of cross girders. They have in addition the advantage, daß they because of its creep ability the young concrete purposefully under pressure to set can.

With heatproof fibers skin armouring mats serve as fire protection layer for concrete constructions. They prevent a premature chipping off größ erer concrete parts. By it higher fire grading periods can be achieved.

Armouring elements from thin volumes or mats are suitable for the redevelopment or reinforcement of concrete constructions, those in the tensile zone groß e of tears or flakings prove, as the mats are glued on old construction units. They adapt to the uneven concrete surface better than the usually used steel latches.

Special uses of armouring elements gemäß is offered to available invention, where for Stahlbewehrungen high expenditures for the corrosion protection must be made. That meets too with construction units from aerated concrete or other stressing, whose structure does not ensure the corrosion protection because of tightness lacking or also with armoured brick-work, with which the armouring is inserted into the mortar of the joints.

In the ground connection and building of dumps flexible concrete armouring elements can favourably replace today often used geo textiles after available invention. Examples are backembodied embankments, armoured earth, reinforcement of insulating layers in the building of dumps or ground connection and rock anchor.

Attempts showed, daß Concrete staff armourings are very many more rigid than usual Stahlbewehrungen. That has as a consequence, daß the carrying behavior with the thrust becomes more favorable. Particularly with plates can with an armouring with concrete staff mats größ ere spans without shear reinforcement to be obtained. Also with the armouring of Durchstanzbereichen of roof slabs with concrete staff mats the carrying behavior is improved, so daß smaller cover strengths become possible.

Flexible concrete armourings are suitable for the winding of round containers and pipes; a ring compressive prestress can be obtained when using creepable concrete in the elements. Also with round supports and with stake armourings wound armourings can be used.

Concrete volumes can schließ lich also for the production of construction units such as resounding binders or truss booms to be used. In Fig. a laminated resounding binder is represented 20 in side view as example. Similarly the glued girders in the timber construction construction units can be manufactured as straight or curved concrete layer elements. It is possible, for Stahlanschluß divide or prefabricated concrete parts into the layers with to bond.