Electrical switch

The invention refers to an electrical switch with a Kontaktstück, which is holdable under the effect of flexible switching on means, movable against the effect of flexible switching off means into on-position, e.g. a hydropneumatic clockwork mechanism, over a linkage into on-position movably and in this. With each electrical switch a certain section of the mechanism, like in particular that or the mobile contacts, is energized, while another section of the mechanism, if necessary only the means, which serve for it, the working thing of switch of steering instructions too ge - ben, is grounded, therefore isolating Übertragufigsmittel must be attached between these two sections of the mechanism. These means can be arbitrary kind. that is called it can e.g. ME -! 0 chantisch, hydraulically, electrically, electromagnetically works. Dt? Invention refers to switches, with which this isolating connection between that under tension standing section of the mechanism and the grounded section of mechanical kind is. It proved in practice that the isolating mechanical elements. those the movements transferred to the mobile contacts of a switch are, with difficulty heranstallen are, if! 5 for reasoning and opening the contacts to passing through a lock distances, which adjustment speeds and the masses of the organs which can be moved are substantial. This difficulty is still substantially larger with very high tensions due to the substantial lengths vorgesehriebenen for the isolating mechanical elements, whereby it was stated that the largest part of this difficulty resulted from the fact that the isolating meehanisehen liaison elements should be stressed to open and latches or the contacts successively on dirt or course. Thus became e.g. a switch admits, with which the movable Kontaktstück is pressed by a switching on feather/spring into on-position and held by the feather/spring in this position, what extremely an unfavorable effect to have can, since during a failure of the drive device, for which again immediately switch in the case of need cannot be opened. Contrary to switching on on when switching off on the movable Kontaktstüek a Zugwirknng is expenditure-practiced. With another well-known switch the movable Kontaktstück is brought back by a switching off feather/spring into the Aussehaltstellnng. For the drive however a device lockable steered by a Handhebei and is intended, whose angle of deflection determines the switching on distance of the movable Kontaktstückes, whereby it extraordinarily heavily, if is practically not at all impossible to press the movable Kontakrstück against the firm Kontaktstück and/or against a firm Anschlagffäche with a certain Konlaktdmck. In addition through those is necessary lagging of the drive device the application of an easily bending connecting device or rope, which does not consist to and for itself of an insulating material, but is provided with a Isolierkutlppel at the most only. Zie! the invention is an electrical switch of the initially mentioned kind, which the shown lack venneidet, what thereby is according to invention reached that the linkage exhibits between the unity stop means and the switching off means arranged, a bar element stressed from a IsoliermatenaI existing and in on-position by the Eimchaltmittel and switching off means continuously on pressure or course. After a characteristic of the invention the Betätigungsörgan can consist of a balance beam hung up to a stationary axle, at whose shorter Hebelann the tie bar is linked and at its longer lever arm the Kontaktstück. whereby this of the Anttiebsvordchtung out over the tie bar “and the Hebedübersetzung with larger speed is movable than those is - dung bar. In accordance with other Merkrnalen of the invention the Kontaktstück can to be and desæn operating organ with one rack each provided and these racks be able with ever one of two on one common - seed axis of rotation sitting Zahnrädem to cooperate, before which the gear wheel standing with the rack of the Kontaktstückes in interference exhibits a larger Dumhmesser than the other gear wheel. whereby the Konrakr tfick of that drive device from fibre the tie bar and over the transmission translation with larger speed is movable than the tie bar. The Kontaktstück as well as its rack and with the latter gear wheel in interference can be enclosed in a housing, which is sealed by a gasket arranged on that axis of rotation between the two Zahnrädera. SchlinBlich knows the Kentaktstück at the end Einschaltbzw after a further characteristic of the invention. Switching off movement through provided with the Betättgungsorgan cooperating, the braking serving damping media its. The invention wi D in the following on the basis some Ausfübxungsbeispiele, which are represented in the designs, more near eßäutert. To these Fig point. ! in schematic representation a Schntttdureh a switch, with which the isolating Verbindungsrnittel between the Betätigungsmeehanism, m and the energized Abschaltmechanismns is stressed on course always, Fig, 2 a cut by a switch, with which the isolating mechanical Verbindmugsmittel is beansprecht on pressure always, Fig. to 3 a cut by one rant, preferential Ausführnngsfonn of a high voltage switch, Fig. 4 a cut after the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 in vergrößettem yardstick, Fig. 5 a cut after the line V-V in Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and 7 ever a diagram for representation that-freed energies of the switching off feather/spring with a movable contact with large Eindringviefe and/or with a movable contact with usual penetration depth, Fig. 8 a detailed cut dumh that, Abschaltund the absorption mechanism containing section of the preferential AusFübxungsform in size tem yardstick and Fig. 9 a detailed cut by the lower section the switch basic isolation support and by the dmckmitrelbeaußchlagte Betävigungsvorrichtung. In Hg. I as Ausfüärungsbeispiel dargesteUte high voltage switches contains in wesenthcnen 2 mobile I&lt adjustable in a being certain contact; oatakt 1, that in on-position (position after Fig. 1) with a second being certain mlpenfönnigen contact ö zusammenwitken kann.NichtAazgestelke flexible means are anxious to press the being certain contacts against the mobile contact. The contacts 2 and 3 are attached to the ladder 4 and/or 5 which can be switched off. The mobile contact shifts inside a circuit breaker pot V from porcelain, filled with oil, which is appropriate on a housing 8 containing a mechanism, which is fastened actually to the upper end of an isolation support 9 the tension adapted height put on by one. The surface area of the insulation carpet 9 is on on the ground a resting! 0 schematäseh represented housings fastens. A feather/spring tl belonging to the energized part of the mechanism is constantly anxious according to invention to go back the mobile contact in those switching off position. In Fig. cunning a zugbeanspmchte feather/spring 1! represented, their fixed point 12 with the housing 8 verhnnden firmly is and their opposite end at one around an axle! 4 tiltable bar la attacks. The end lg the bar 13 is to the lower section of the mobile contact! so linked that the feather/spring 13 the mobile contact constantly toward the arrow: 16, i.e. into the off position, pulls. The drag axis 14 of the bar 13 of a member 17 held, which is tiltable around an axle stationary regarding the housing 18, like that dal the shifts of the joint straight-lined are, whereby (not represented) Ftihrungsmittel is intended, which ensures the Getadlinigkett of the shifts of the mobile contact. It is clear that more arranged after this arrangement toward the arrow downward course on the free end of 20 for causing switching on of the switch on is sufficient for the bar 13. With in Fig. the isolating meehanischen connection parts between the energized mechanism (i.e., the bar 13) and the grounded operating mechanism (for example dmckmittelbeauf lü a schlagte Betätigungsvorriehtung 21 with linkage, accommodated in the section 10 of the switch) from an isolating staff 22 consist 1 represented Ausfühmngsform of a material working perfectly at Zugbeanspmchung, for example a staff from laminated fibre glass/polyester. It is appropriate to select a material which possesses high-quality characteristics for Zugbeanspmehung, without it would be necessary that this material exhibits an important Dreckoder break stability, since the liaison staff 22 is exclusively course-stressed. Since the staff of 22 thus exclusively regarding it beaußchlagenden traction powers is arranged, it can be relatively easier by design, so that the inertia of the mobile parts of the switch is reduced and thus faster Einund switching off movements becomes possible. The grounded operating mechanism can do arbitrary meehanischen, pneumatic from leather, hydrau! isehen or electrical mechanism exist. In Fig. 1 is represented to that as example one dmckmittelbeauf schlagte operating device 21, their piston 1 ' over a bar 23 at a lever 24 attacks, at its end of 25 around one with the housing! 0 connected axle tiltable and with his end of 26 at the authors the end of the staff 22 is linked. After the switch the Erfindùhg it has the advantage that it because of the presence of the feather/spring!! always the NR switching necessary energy off available has. For the production of switching on on the supply of the druekmittelbeaufsehlagten 13etätigungsvor is sufficient chtung, whereby the switching on end of the stroke is defined by the attack of the end of the mobile contact against the ground of the tulip 3. Maintaining the switched on condition knows dumh the constant Spsisung drackmittelbeaufsct tlagten operating device 2: t to be obtained, whereby the isolation liaison staff 22 under constant course is held at the same time. It is thus not necessary to attach for the druekmittelbeaufschlagte °0 operating device 91 a stroke last detent or in the energized or the grounded part a mechanical bolting device device since the position of the mobile contact at the end of its switching on stroke without consideration for the Dehnungsoder Elastizitätsverändemngen, which can impair the staff 29 during the enterprise, is ensured, for switching the switch off is sufficient the Entle=rung of the druekmittelbeaußchlagten operating device 2! , how the feather/spring 1! then and in addition the staff 9,2 under course holds, that sets the mobile contact under course, which switches off under effect of the feather/spring the Räckfühmng of the piston 2! 'to the ground of the cylinder 2! caused. Of course the main parts of the switch can noticeably of in Fig. 1 represented out fühmngsform deviate. In particular one can according to invention furnish a switch with two or more as two vertical or bent pots fürgleiehzeitige interruption, whereby one can use on the other hand every other arbitrary kinematisehe Verbindungseimichtung than the explained bar for causing the transmission of motion with reversal of the Verschiebungsriehtung between the mobile contact 1 and the isolating staff 22. For example one can use Einriehmngen with linkage, mechanisms with Doppelhebel, mechanisms with racks etc., however it is generally appropriate to attach this transmission in such a way that the adjustments of the staff are smaller 22 than those of the mobile contact 1, so that the strong Hemrr&raft of the connection parts is reduced. In the same way the Absehaltfeder can! however 1 in each suitable place of the aforementioned transmission of motion mechanism or the mobile contact (for example on the Ge 0 steer 15) or on the energized part of the isolating staff 22 (on the joint 20) affect even direct. It is natural that one can use on the other hand a Fede working on course or dirt, if her only toward the Absehaltens and the cross girder setting of the Betäti - g of ngsstabes 22 works. If Dämpfungsvorriehtungen for the final strokes of the mobile parts and/or the Regelvorrichlungen for the speeds of the moving parts must be attached, these are preferably arranged in the energized part of the mechanism and either along with the mobile contact firmly connected a section or with one with the manipulation, staff 92 firmly connected part or, like it in Fig. I schematiseh represented is fastened, in form of an absorber 27 to one of the parts of the kinematic connecting mechanism. With in Fig. the maischen the operating organ and that-mobile equipment switched on isolating mechanical connection part is always printingstressed 2 represented Ausführungsforrn. The Unberbrechermpf of the switch possesses the same main parts (with the same Bezugsziffem) as the switch after Fig. 1, however affects a dmckbeanspruchte switching off feather/spring 28 one mitdem.beweglichea contact 1 firmly connected part of 29, whereby the upper end of the feather/spring 28 against a stationary part 29 ' of the circuit breaker pot falls itself. Ftg. 2 shows the switch in his off! 0 geschaheten position. The circuit breaker pot is, how with the preceding Ausf'ührungsform, on an isolating Stüt * CPU 9 attached, those actually on a ScckeI! 0, in that the operating organ of the switch, for example a dmckmittelbeaufschlagte operating device 30, is fastened is accommodated, its pistons 31 on the axle of the column preferably lies. The lower end of 32 of the mobile! 5 of contact and the upper end of 88 of the piston rod 34 of the dmckmittelbeaufschlagten operating device is provided with kappenförmigen parts, whose hollow sides are each other course-turned. 7.wischen these ends, of those the end of 32 under tension rises and the end of 33 earth potent valley. - points, is assigned isolating, always druckbeanspmchter operating staff 85. From in Fig. 2 represented abgeschaketen SteIlung it is to be seen that this staff under the dirt of the feather/spring 28 stands and Trade Union of German Employees it is dmckbeanspmcht with causing the Etnschaltens by supply of the dmckmittelbeaußchlagten Betätigungsvo rtchtung 80 against the switching off feather/spring 28. As is the case for the AusftitLrungsform after Fig. ! no Hubendansehlag is necessary, since the piston 81 continues its upward-arranged switching on stroke so far, to that mobile contact at the operating organ! against the contact cup 3 for holding comes, whereby maintaining the switched on position of the switch is caused by the Unterdmckhalten of the druckmittdbeaufschlagten Berätigungsvorrichtung 30. With by the automatic or gesteuerceEnt eemngd erdmckmtttelbeaufschlagten operating device 80 bewirkharen switching off always holds the switching off feather/spring 28 the staff under pressure. This arrangement has the advantage that it becomes possible to select for the staff 35 a form and a material which possess protruding mechanical characteristics only in Druckund in break direction. In addition this arrangement makes a very simple Anschlufl of the different parts among themselves, as for example the printingstressed connections for 82 and 33 or every other appropriate means possible. Hubenddämpfungsund GeschwtndigkeitsregeIvorrichtungen is accommodated preferably in the energized section and affects the energized parts of the mobile equipment. Like that is in the schematic representation after Fig. connected with the mobile contact 1 firmly and serves itself 2 the part of 99 in form of a piston of the feather/spring 28 shifting in a cylinder 36 as Wideflager, whereby for forming a Dämpfungsvorrtchtung in the piston 29 and in the cylinder 33 suitable slots, openings or valves are intended. The arrangement after Fig. 2 the height of the isolation support 9 is particularly appropriate and therefore those of the Betätiguagsstabes 35 is moderate for switches with middle or high tension, prays those. Of course one can reduce the working stroke of the actuation equipment 30 with the help of a connection geetguetenktnematischen between the piston rod 34 and the lower end of the staff 35 assigned. In Fig. a preferential execution form of a switch is represented 3 after the invention with always zugbean spruchter isolating Verbindungssiange. The interruption chamber 52 gefü'Ilte with oil contains: the mobile contact 54, that to the AnscblußkIemme 58 attached upper being certain contact 06 and a being certain lower clamping jaw contact 60 attached to the connecting terminal 62. The upper being certain contact 56 has a “grolle Eindrtngtiefe”. Below the switch carrying the isolation support 66 arranged hydrauiische Betätigungsvorrrtchtung 64 filled with oil over a channel 68 also under pressure standing flow medium one feeds. It operates an isolating staff 70, whose shift movement under reversal of the Verschtebungsrichtung and reinforcement of these shifts becomes over a mechanism me racks and pinions 72-74-76-78, which is accommodated with two sealed Kammem transferred in a housing 54 which can be described below more near, on which mobile contact. In Fig. 3 represented switched on position is squeezed together the switching off feather/spring 80 between a mobile part of 82 connected firmly with the isolating staff 70 and a stationary Widerlagerfiäehe 84. The isolating liaison staff 70 is both during the operating procedures of the switch (with the Aussehahen and when switching on on) and during the Nahezustanclszeiten (switched off as switching on) always zugbeanspmcht. In Fig. sehematisch a hydraulic is absorption device represented in addition to 3, which consists calibrated openings is attached, which brake the Olumlauf produced by the shifts of the piston of 70 pistons 86 connected firmly with the tie bar, which is adjustable in a cylinder 88, in which. After one of the characteristics of the invention this absorption device is accommodated in the energized section of the switch inside the switching off feather/spring, the isolation support 6 preferably is of under pressure before set, in franz. the patent specification the No. 842. 505 under the title “support isolant” one or more isolating course parts of 90 or Spannbolzen can contain of descriptive design, you, whose upper section is fastened to over the top side the I5 of the support 1legenden plate 84, while you contain untererAbsehnittSchraubteile 92 for application of courses, which make possible to suspend the porcelain body the isolation support 66 of a constant Dmckkraft of Fig. 4 and 5 shows details of a Ausfühmngsform of the Zahnstangenübertraguagseinrichtung and the sealed housing, i.e. the zone B C after Fig. 3. The two P, itzel 76 and 78, with which the relationship of their diameters can be for example between 1/2 and “I/4. those are gekeilt in one in addition the racks as guidance serving housing on a common wave 94, which turns in camps 96-98! 00 are attached. The housing 100 is by means of 96 Zwi carrying between the wave 94 and the camp see-wound assigned packing 102 in two chambers sealed against each other divided. First of these chambers contains the pinion 76 and the rack 72 connected firmly with the mobile contact 54. It contains at the housing 100 attached or cast-on connecting pieces 104, in that the lower section of the bar 72 (in Fig. 5 is the racks in the abge - sehalteten position of the switch is represented) adjustable. The Unterbreeherkammer 52 is direct or over a sealed Anschlußstüek on the top side 106 of the housing 100 in such a way arranged that the area consisting of the circuit breaker chamber and the first chamber of the housing is completely geftillt with the same oil, and all beweh genden themselves parts irg inside of this area remain, without they cause a volume change at the time of switching off or switching on on, there the drive over with a seals packing a provided, turning incoming goods! le takes place. (Here it is noticed that in Fig. not 3 the allocation of the housing i00 in two separated chambers is recognizable, because the two racks 79. and 74 levels shifted in reality in two something are to each other.) Those managing described arrangement prevents at the same time at this moment the Äbschaltens an oil deficiency around the end of the mobile contact around as well as oil losses out more derUnterbreeherkammer to the mechanism or outward, as it can occur with the mobile contact a going around sliding poetry. Second the Ritzes 78 and the liaison staff 70 fastened rack 74 containing chamber of the housing ierenden at the isö1 is with their lower section 108 on a chamber 110 (Fig. 3, zone CD) fastens, which contains the switching off feather/spring 80 as well as those below in the einzdnen Dämpfungsvorriehtung which can be described. With a switch after the invention the circuit breaker chamber 52 with small oil contents of arbitrary design can be and contain usual, the deletion of the sheet favouring Vorriehtungen. those to the invention do not belong. The remarkable element in this zone OFF after Fig. 3 is that already managing discussed upper being certain contact 56 with large penetration depth. Excluding as example it is communicated that one can select a penetration depth of 150 mm with a switch built for a Ncnnspannung of 70,000 V with a total stroke of 450 mm, while with the usual switches of this kind penetration depth amounts to selected about 50 mm. in Fig. 6 and 7 is comparatively by the switching off feather/spring with a mobile contact with large penetration depth after _Erfindung (Fig. 6) and with a usual mobile contact (Fig. 7) freed energies represents. That the end of the mobile contact in switched off position of the end of the upper being certain contact separating distance is alike in both cases (EEC and EG'), while the EindPingtie. - fe (OE) FM first case approximately the three-way in the second case of the gesture of! lten penetration depth amounts to. If the feathers/springs in both cases the same Kraft have, then it shows up that at this moment the withdrawal of the mobile contact from the being certain contact (point E set and E') the feather/spring more heieiner large penetration depth already for instance 569o of their energy approximately only about 259/o free with a switch with normal penetration depth. It is 14at that the contact at this moment the separation with full speed is hurled instead of only in the term of the Aufiaahme of its speed to be. This the invention own arrangement makes while maintaining a higher Trenngesehwindigkeit in addition the choice for a sehwäeheren feather/spring possible than so far. The preferential Ausfühmngsform of the invention, in accordance with which the Dämpfungsvorriehtung is accommodated inside the Absehaltfeder, is in detail in Fig. 8 illustrates, in which the different parts are represented in switched off position. In the energized part of the equipment is between the housing! 00 and the upper section of the isolation support 66 a sealed cylindrical chamber! 10 assigned. In this chamber hisses the isolating operating staff 70 and the rack 74 an assigned Verbindnngselement 119 shifts. The chamber 110 stand along the second chamber of the housing! 00 and with one-closed, with a Flüssigkeitsstandanzeiger 116 provided stretch container in connection. Thereby that the staff 112 at its lower section from the chamber!! dumh a sealing Stopfbuehse 124 (those sealing the absorption device caused) out-stepped, this unit a ge9.0 scblossenes volume, whose oil lubricates the Abschahmeehanismus and as DämpfungstIüssigkeit serves, forms 0. The cylinder 88 is with a certain number of break-throughs 1! 8 provides, by which hindumh the oil in the Ausenumfangsabsehnitt of the chamber, rüekgestaute due to the shift of the piston 86, likewise filled with oil is zuräekgeführt. The height of the piston 86 as well as the distance and the caliber of the openings 1! 8 is in such a way selected that for switching on on and for the Abschahen 9,5 gewüüschten Dämfpungsverhältnisse educate become. The cylinder 88 immediate fine Meta! lgaze filters the oil penetrating into the cylinder, how stuffing boxes! 22-19.4 the sealing at the passage of the staff 112 in the cylinder cause. In this Tett of the switch the oil does not have a dtelektrtsehe task and can thus deviating from the oil filling the Unterbreeherkammer be selected. In addition can do due to the sealed separation existing between the S0 different sections of the switch in the Unterbreehertopf partly oxidized or charred oil, that from tent to time to be changed mash, which do not pollute in the other sections of the equipment contained oil. The IsoIierstütze 66 filled with ÖI preferably contains a safety divice against penetration of AuSenfeuehtigkeit, how her in franz. the Patentscbxift of the same inventor of! 6. March 1196g', 82 with the title “Perfectionnements apportgs aux supports isolants” is descriptive, beispielswei-- SE (Fig. 8) from a container standing with that inside of the isolation support in connection! , is present over its level with counter ceiling standing nitrogen more gefäiUter, the task of a flexible buffer erftülender area 128 exists 9.6. tn Fig. more in detail the lower section of the isolation support 66 is represented 9, areas the tightener 92 for the isolation body 90 to push away can, the constant Dmckbeanspmchung the column forming Keramiktinge effectuation. With the represented Ausführnngsform only one this body, for example in form of a gesehichteten glass araldite pipe, used, whose strengthened lower end is provided with thread for the admission of a ring 180, in which the Sparmschrauben 99. seize. This Spannvorrtehtung is enclosed in a sealed chamber 189., which stands with the interior of the isolation support 66 in connection, and whose ground 184 at the passage of the piston rod .angeschlossenen to the isolating staff! 40 with a Dichtungspaekung 188 is provided. The ISO ago support 66, its container 126 and the chamber: i82 form likewise a closed volume without each connection “with the neighbouring chambers, for Trade Union of German Employees this volume the ausftUlende oil only regarding the dielektrisehe task to eff'üllende from it to be thus selected can and no risk run with the different oils of the mechanism contained in the upper chamber 110 and the hydraulic control circuit 64-68 to be mixed. The hydraulic operating device 64 can, as in Fig. 9 to be represented, directly below the Versehlusplatte for 184. the Isolierstütse be arranged or at the end of a tubular AnsehluSstüekes be attached, the one further reduction of its H he makes possible, so that the entire hydraulic circle including the Dehnungsgefaßes is from smaller height. The actual hydraulic control is not part of the invention. It can be from arbitrary of kannter design and in particular with in franz. the patent specification the No.! , 098. 288 with the title “Commande de dMoncteur” descriptive design agree. The indication is sufficient, since one lets standing oil in to the Dutchfübxung of the Eimehahens of the switch over the line 68 with large achievement under dirt into the dmekmittelbeaufschlagte 13etätigungsvorriehtung 64. The piston 186 is driven then downward and shifts sees so far, until the mobile contact 54 achieved its upper end of the stroke. In the switched on position. dnmh maintaining the pressure in the dmekmittelbeaufschlagten 13etätigungsvorrichtung and by Vernegelungen is maintained, does not take the piston 136 no certain on position. It can shift on the contrary according to the stretches of the entire data communication equipment and the Elastizitgt of the isolating staff 70 slightly. For switching off fast emptying of the druckmittelbeaußchlagten 13etätigtmgsvorrichtung 64 is sufficient, whereby the feather/spring 80 accomplishes a switching off, whose speed is steered by the Dämpfungsvorrtchtung 86-88. while the isolating staff is subjected to 70 in this case again only traction powers.