Procedure for the production of paper and not-woven materials on usual paper-making machines

As inventors are called: Dipl. chem. Rolf Großsteinbeck in Frankfurt A.M., walter 8chulze in Osnabrück, Dipl. chem. Dr. Winfried Willteks in yard home, Dipl. chem. Dr. Herfried less man and Gert Tepel in Frankfurt A.M. eutschland). The bekanntenVeffahren for the production of paper and niehtgewebten lug can be divided into so-called Naßund Trockenveffahren. While for the Durehfühmng of the wet procedures the usual Papiermaschineiä can be used, strongly deviating machine equipment are necessary for the Trockenverfahren'besondere, from the usual paper-making machines, which require high I.uvestitionskosten. With well-known-proceeded the individual synthetic fiber before or after the fleece formation is covered with a thermosetting polymer hardening in the warmth as adhesive. At its Kreuzungsstellen then the Ubereinanderliegenden fibers of the fleece course sticks together. Subsequently, that is hardened thermosetting polymer by a thermal treatment of the fleece. In such a way manufactured fleeces have the disadvantage that in them each fiber of a thin, hardened adhesive film is covered and thus not the original fiber, but in far measure the adhesive film, which determines, characteristic of the fleeces. With a well-known dry hardboard process for the production of water-rejecting, not-woven materials this disadvantage is avoided, as the handelsttbliche pile fiber is already treated with breaking open with a water-repellent material and whereupon the dry fiber with the aqueous solution or dispersion of a thermosetting polymer as adhesive is bespäht. The drops of this solution or dispersion spread not on the now water-repellent fiber surface, but slide onto it to the nearest crossovers of superimposed fibers and remain hanging there. The water is brought by heat supply to evaporation and that is hardened thermosetting polymer. To the usual paper-making machines working in the wet procedure one cannot transfer this procedure, because in the wet end of these machines the wässertge solution or dispersion of the thermosetting polymer as if stick with the formation of the fleece with the waste water one away-washed and/or in the dry end that thermosetting polymer when spraying there already strongly consolidated fleece only superficially into the fleece would arrive. With furthermore production of paper from Kunststoffasern first the fibers from a suspension admitted by plastic in a Suspensionsmittel are formed, which suspension is converted afterwards on the Papietmaschirte to a felted fibrous material course. The necessary firmness of the paper is reached through sinters of this fibrous material course appropriately with 350370oc, whereby a contraction of the course takes place from over 50%. Task of the invention is it to concentrate also with the production of synthetic paper and not-woven materials on the paper-making machines working in the wet procedure the thermosetting polymer as adhesives within the whole fleece evenly only to the Kteuzungspunkten of superimposed fibers to use with the production of the Papieroder Stoffbahn only so much of the thermosetting polymer as for the connection of the I cuzungspunkte the superimposed fibers necessarily is and the fibers in as simple a way as possible only at the crossovers to be bound. This task is solved according to invention thereby that as thermosetting polymer a mixture from verkapptem isocyanate and polyester is used and additionally a softener, e.g. a wax or a Dimethylglykolphthalat, whose fusion point is been appropriate below for that one of the thermosetting polymer, which is not mixable softeners and the DuropIast in liquid condition, and which is hardened dump load after the processing Fasein to the fleece by heating up on temperatures between 110 and 160oc, according to which the lubricant is washed if necessary by the fibers. Verkappta of isocyanates are such isocyanates, with those the Isocyanatgmppen z. 13. by phenol or alcohol is stabilized. Phenolund Alkoholgmppen will by heating up on higher temperature abgespalten and to give the Isocyanatgmppen for further reaction with the Polyestem freely. The Reaktionspmdukte received thereby is however particularly resistant. While isocyanate in the trade admits as Desmodur AP stably is, whose reactive groups become free starting from 100°C only, the OH-gmppenhaltigen polyesters are well-known in the trade as Desmophene. By blending the fibers with the mixture from verkapptem, used as thermosetting polymer, isoeyanat and polyesters and as lubricant usable softener before the fleece formation one achieves a very even distribution of the two additives in the forming fleece. Desmophen 200 is a linear polyester from adipic acid and ethylen glycol. The softening point is up for instance 40oc. The viscosity with 75oc is 500 - 700 cps. The Hydroxylzahl is 50 - 60. The acid number is under 2. the density is 1, to 14 g/cm3. Desmophen 2100 is a linear polyester from Adipimäure and Diäthylenglykol. The viscosity with 75oc is 600 - 900 cps. The Hydroxylzahl is 35 - 45. The acid number is to 19 g/cm3 under 3. the density is I. Desmophen 2200 is a branched polyester from adipic acid, Diäthylenglykol and Triol. The viscosity with 75°C is 925 - 1075 cps. The Hydroxylzahl is 5 ' 5 - 65. The acid number lies over 2. the density is 1.18 g/cms. Of the well-known procedures differentiates I announce-muddled already in principle thereby that available synthetic fibers of jedweder kind arrive with this at the use. These fibers will provide in the Stuffbütte with lubricants serving for the adhesive also brought into the Stoffbütte, the fiber mash from Synthesefasem, lubricants, adhesives and water now on the paper-making machine are brought. Develops a fleece, which is exposed to a temperature from 50 to 120oc. Hiebei melts first the lubricant and coats the fiber. Then the adhesive melts, predominantly walks in droplet form on the lubricant to the crossovers of the Synthesefasem and hardens out, the synthetic fibers suffers no change. The advantage of the descriptive procedure for the production of synthetic paper in relation to the well-known procedures is among other things thus in that the synthetic fibers in the fleece are bound only at the Berühmngspunkten. When using the before-prepared fibers a synthetic fleece can be manufactured without large machine changes is necessary in the used processing step in the wet procedure on the paper-making machine. For the Durchfühmng this procedure one can use the paper-making machines usual for wet procedures in which one only the temperature of the heating rollers of the dry end for hardening the adhesive in an appropriate way regulate must. The intended surface properties of the synthetic fibers remain. The initials is likewise in the high mark given to wet-strength of the fleece. By the use of arbitrary portions of before-prepared fibers in the fleece one can vary the number of connected Berühmngspunkte and direct thus the elasticity of the product. Blending the fibers with the two additives can take place in different way. Either one covers the synthetic fibers before bringing into the Stoffbütte with the softener, on which the addition of the thermosetting polymer takes place in the Stoffbütte, whereby that can be used thermosetting polymer in powder form or as pile fiber or one manufactures an intimate mixture of softener and thermosetting polymer, whereby that is present thermosetting polymer in Pttlverform or as pile fiber. In addition, it can be coated that thermosetting polymer in the form of pile fibers before bringing into the Stoffbütte with the softener. In the case of use of the thermosetting polymer as adhesives in fiber form is it ausgesch! it ossen that waste water with the fleece formation away-washes the thermosetting polymer. One does not need to work from there in the surplus with the thermosetting polymer. During the following thermal treatment in the dry end of the paper-making machine the softener, if it is not admitted in liquid form, used as lubricants, melts and covers the fibers with a thin film. During further rise in temperature also than adhesives used thermosetting polymer melts and runs on the fiber surfaces up to the crossovers of superimposed fibers. This drop hardens finally with further Wärmeeinwi kung out and forms so a kind fabric knots. By the homogeneous distribution of the thermosetting polymer as adhesives in the fleece with that procedures not only the crossovers at the surface of the fleece, but also the crossovers in the lower layers are interconnected to erfindnngsgem EN. The principle of the knot formation is described on the basis the designs. The figures point a crossover of two fibers of the non-woven cloth to different times in the expiration of the knot formation. As represented in Figo i, each fiber 1 is for example coated with a thin film of 2 from a softener aIs lubricants. This film 2 is for his part covered with a film 3 from a thermosetting polymer as adhesives. With the selection of the softener and the thermosetting polymer it must be considered that they are not misehbar with one another in liquid condition. If one warms up now a fleece from such pre-treated fibers, then melt that thermosetting polymer and the softener on the fiber surface and the thermosetting polymer film pulls together on the likewise liquid softener film to drops at the crossovers and displaces there the softener. If one continues to increase the temperature, then begins the Klebert opfen to out-harden. Fig. the fiber shows 2 with beginning, Fig. 3 with end of the fusion procedure. If one lets the non-woven cloth cool off again, then also the lubricant solidifies. This can be washed in a following processing step or be replaced in another suitable way from the fiber. As final product one receives such a non-woven cloth, with which the fibers at their crossovers are connected, while the remaining fibre parts of each coat are free. Fig. 4 shows this final state. Further it was found that one derBerühmngspunkte addition-polymere thermosetting polymer for connecting the fibers not in form of a casing of the fibers to apply does not have, but admits these better in the undercooled and pulverized condition the fiber mash directly before applying on the wire section. Hiezu wi D first cut isocyanate solved in the polyester, without LösungsmRtel are used. The mixture product has modeling clay-like consistency and becomes vöIlig non-sticking and hard with for instance 0oc undercooling. This hard material is pulverized and demFaserbreizugegeben.Derdureh the Aufscb.lämmung of the fibers in water formed fiber mash has a Feststoffkormentration from 0,01 to 0, 1%. The powdered Addiriompolymere distributed see between the fibers. After the fleece formation and withdrawal the fleece is transferred of the main quantity of the water on the wire section of the paper-making machine into the dry end. There then a short Schmelzvorgang takes place, whereby the drops now liquid addition polymers onto dern soft mower, which is not misehbar with water, up to the junctions slide. The connection of the fibers takes place then also here via hardening by precipitation. In Weiterentwieklung of the effindungsgemäßen procedure it was now found that the softener and that can be admitted thermosetting polymer together to the Stoffbrei, so that the separate Ptäparafion of the fiber comes completely into omission. Surprisingly the cut Isoeyanat, under the trade name Desmodur AP stably, loses and a satisfied polyester, under the hand ice designation Desmophen, in combination with dern soft mower, e.g. wax, at ambient temperature its sticking characteristics. Thus also those is not void so far gluing of the paper-making machine which can be avoided. Also the Zusammenballung of the fibers is avoided. That thermosetting polymer is blended on a Walzenstuhl with a firm soft mower in very viscous condition. The necessary consistency can be stopped by warming up the mixture during the Walzvotganges. At ambient temperature thus the mixture represents a fine distribution of firm soft smoker in the firm thermosetting polymer. In such a way prepared thermosetting polymer can be pulverized now and be admitted to the fiber mash in suitable place, e.g. in the 8toffbütte. The adhesive lubricant mixture of thermosetting polymer and softener knows also thereby gesture of! it is lt that the pulverized thermosetting polymer in well-known way soft mower liquefied in a spray drying procedure also by heating up, which solidifies at ambient temperature again is surrounded. During the fleece formation on the wire section of the paper-making machine the Gleirmitte distributes itself! - Klebergemi CH from softener and thermosetting polymer in the fleece. If the fleece goes through a heating zone, then first the softener melts and übemieht the fiber in the place, in which also that is thermosetting polymer. With further Etwgrmung begins also that thermosetting polymer to melt. Since between it and the fiber see the softener finds, that runs thermosetting polymer on this to the next junction and hardens there with further Temperatursteigemng out. When using softener and thermosetting polymer in pulverized condition test itself the mixture in the fleece. With sucking tiberschüssigea the water off it is inevitable that a part of the powder steps by the fleece and by the filter and thus into the water circulation arrived. B e i s p i el 1: First a cape PSE an isocyanate in a polyester is homogenized at increased temperature on a Walzenstuhl, without solvents are used. The homogenized material is cooled down, pulverized on 0oc and admitted to the chamfering mash. For preparing the Polyesterfasem (nylon 66) in Dimethylglykolphthalat impacted and then abgesehleudert, so that at the fibers still 4 - 6% of the softener to cling remain. Subsequently, the fibers in water are aufgesehlämmt and admitted to the Stoffbrei 50% - computes on the drying fiber mass - most pulverizing thermosetting polymer. The fiber mash formed by mixing into a paste with the fibers in water has a solid concentration of 0, 01 to 0, 19o. The powdered Additiompolymere distributes itself between the fibers. After the Vliesbfldung and the withdrawal of the main quantity of the water on the wire section of the paper-making machine first a short Schmelzvorgang takes place in the heating rollers of the dry end, whereby that-pulverized adhesive, which settled, melts on the fibers treated with softener and slides in drop form up to the fiber crossovers. Amehließend takes place the connection of the fibers also here via Anshärtung of the adhesive. Example 2: As soft mower a paraffin wax is used, which has a fusion point between T0 and 80°C, while the Additionsp lymere from an isocyanate and a polyester, used as thermosetting polymer, has a fusion point of over 100oc. Wax and thermosetting polymer are homogenized on a Walzenstuhl, whereby the consistency favorable to the Homogenisiemng is stopped by warming up the mixture. At ambient temperature this mixture does not have sticking characteristics more, you represents a fine distribution of firm wax in firm dump load. After dern homogenizing the mixture is pulverized with Raumtemperatut with usual Zerkleinerungsmasehinen and then in the dutchman into usual-wise broken open perlon pile fibers in the machine vat admitted. This mash is processed afterwards on usual Papiermasehinen to a fleece. During the fleece formation on the wire section the softener thermosetting polymer mixture in the fleece distributes itself. If the fleece goes through now the heating rollers of the dry end, then first the softener melts in detail Pulverkom and covers the fiber in the place, at also that thermosetting polymer is with a thin film. In the case of further heating up also that begins to melt thermosetting polymer. Since between it and the fiber the Weiehmacher is, that runs thermosetting polymer on this to the next crossover and hardens there at further temperature temperature out. The mixture can be manufactured also thereby that the pulverized thermosetting polymer in well-known way softener, which solidifies at ambient temperature again liquefied in a spraying skirt procedure by heating up, it will also surround. B e is p i e 1 3: The polyester (Diolen), aufgesehlagenen in usual way in the dutchman - Stapelfasem are added in the machine vat softener Duroplastfasem. These fibers are warmed up as follows made " a mixture of one lsoeyanat with cut groups of isocyanates and a polyester for liquefaction to for instance 80°C and then by a spin nozzle to a thread versponnen. The rigid thread will deal before rolling up with a Paraffinwachsfflm, which has a fusion point of 75oc. After cooling of the thread this is rolled up and cut later in bekanmer way to Stapelfasem of arbitrary length. These fibers are then brought into the machine vat. In the instant, in which the fleece formed from the Faserhreigemisch goes through the heating rollers of the dry end, first the soft mower on the thermosetting polymer thread melts and covers the material fibers with a thin film. During further rise in temperature also the thermosetting polymer fiber melts and tears up in single drops, which run on the Stoffasem covered now with the Weiehmacher to the crossovers of these fibers and harden there. B e i s p i e 1 4: Reyonfasem with a pile length of 6 mm are stirred into Dimethylglykolphthalat. After approximately 1 h impact time is centrifuged this bloating. In such a way prepared fiber holds back 4 - 6% Dimethylglykolphthalat. These fibers are broken open in the dutchman as well as from a homogeneous mixture of isocyanate and polyester manufactured pile fibers, which have likewise a length of 6 mm. The Mengenverhälmis from Reyonfasem to Duroplastfasem amounts to thereby 1: 1. In such a way manufactured fiber mash is pumped to a Bütte and diluted with water so far, until a total material concentration is reached of approximately 0.1%. With this bloating now on the wire section of a paper-making machine the fleece is formed, soft Duroplastund Zellulosexanthogenatfasern in ideal disorder contains. After the largest part of the water was removed on the Siebpartte, the fleece is led across heated rollers. It loses there the residual moisture. The thermosetting polymer fibers melt, the formed dump load drops to the 7ellulosexanthogenatfasern walk to the junction and are hardened. B e i s p i e 1 5: Commercial PP pile fibers are dipped briefly at room temperature into a Dimethylglykolphthalatbad. Subsequently, the surplus of Dimethylglykolphthalat is hydroextracted, so that of it only 4 - 6% to the fiber to stick remain. In such a way prepared pile fibers are so for a long time broken open in the dutchman, until they are divided into individual fibers completely. This fiber mass is brought into the Bütte of a paper-making machine. At the same time on pile fiber length (about 6 mm) cut thermosetting polymer fibers in same quantity are added and this Fasermischung with so much water is mixed into a paste with that mixing into a paste with contains a material concentration of approximately 0, 01%. The Aufsehlämmung runs then from the Bütte into the wire section of the paper-making machine, where the fleece forms and is again taken off the largest part of the water. After the fleece formation on the Papiermasehine lie the thermosetting polymer threads in the fleece distributed. In the following dry end the fleece runs over a larger number of heated rollers, whose first has a Obefflächentemperatur of approximately 120oc. Altogether the fleece goes through a heat zone of approximately 150 m length in approximately 15 min and in the end is then rolled up. During the heating up the thermosetting polymer threads melt and form single drops, those on the thin layer of the liquid Dimethylglykolphthalats to the junctions run and begin there to out-harden. If the hardening by precipitation of the Dumplastes is only once introductory, then it can continue also at room temperature. The hardening by precipitation necessarily then however one time interval of raehreren days. One brings however from the Papiermaschlne removed roles into a special heat chamber with a temperature of! 60°C, then is completely hardened that thermosetting polymer within approximately 20 min. In all aforementioned remark examples of the invention a part of the synthetic fibers can be replaced also by natural fibers. UnterSynthesefasern are understood all fibers, which by kind of those of their production of outer one melt, by presses or pulling by a spin nozzle and treating in such a way won threads in air, Fällbädern, heating zones etc. a smooth, nichtfibrillierte surface to have, whereby it can concern both stretched, strained, rippled/crinkled or hollow fibers. As examples of such synthetic fibers is aforementioned regenerated CPU! lulose from viscose rayon or copper oxide ammonia, PP, like it by Kondemation of hexadecimal hexadecimaldiamine salthexadecimal diamine salt with adipic acid (nylon 66) or out “- Caprolactam (nylon ö) develop, for polyesters from dibasic acids, e.g. Terephthalsäure and/or Isophthalsäureund more dloder multi-valued alcohols (e.g. Diolen, Terylen or Dacron), Polyvinyle out e.g. Vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene, Vinylidenchlorid and their copolymers, Polyacryle from acrylonitrile (e.g. Dra! on) and/or copolymers from Vinylverbindungen and/or styrene and acrylonitrile, further polyolefins, e.g. PL or Polypropylene. Also glass fibers can be possible.