INSPECTION FIXTURE FOR OVER-RUN BRAKES

The invention concerns an inspection fixture for the examination of over-run brakes, in particular from mechanical over-run brakes of a supporter, comprehensively a supporting device, a shifter, a release device and a support device, whereby a device is intended for the determination of the shift way of the shift A DIRECTIOn. With well-known such inspection fixtures, how they are geoffenbart e.g. in the GB 2,062,150 A, the supporting device is designed as clevis mounting. Before the examination a supporter of a towing vehicle is driven on a test stand, the supporter is uncoupled and the towing vehicle from the range of the test stand is away-driven. Subsequently, the clevis mounting is developed and connected with the trailer coupling of the supporter. The clevis mounting can be developed only if the towing vehicle away-drove, since it must be arranged within this range. With the GB 2,062,150 A it is intended that the clevis mounting on rails fastened to the ground is adjustably led. With the fact it is unfavorable that the rails are constantly present, even if no over-run brakes, but a passenger car at the brake test stand are to be e.g. examined. The rails represent an obstacle, which increases the danger of the Stolperns and represents thus a safety risk. Further it is unfavorable that the clevis mounting, if it is not used needs a large reservoir. This is felt in particular in small workshops as disturbing. Further it is intended with inspection fixtures in accordance with the GB 2,062,150 A that the supporter is connected with the clevis mounting by means of chains or ropes, in order to keep the distance between supporters and clevis mounting constant. At this connection it is unfavorable that she cannot take up only Zugaber thrust forces and approximating the supporter to the clevis mounting cannot be prevented. From the DE 41 38 044 A1 a device and a procedure for the examination of the pole thrust force of over-run brakes are well-known, with which the inspection fixture between the towing vehicle and the supporter is arranged, whereby by means of a ratchet the over-run brakes are released and Kraft necessary for it is measured. At a device in accordance with the DE 41 38 044 A1 it is unfavorable that for manipulation and for the loosening of the brake the ratchet can be often operated, why this inspection fixture is not suitable for the employment with modern role brake test stands, since the brakes must be there fast operatable and solvable, in order to obtain a valid inspection result. Further an inspection fixture exhibits the disadvantage in accordance with the DE 41 38 044 A1 that at both ends of the inspection fixture a joint is trained and the pull-out torque of a supporter with one axle cannot become balanced by the inspection fixture. With the DE 41 38 044 A1 it is intended that the distance between the inspection fixture and the supporter is kept constant by means of a roller chain. This connection exhibits the disadvantage that it cannot take up only Zugaber thrust forces and approximating the supporter to the inspection fixture cannot be prevented. Further is unfavorable at the well-known inspection fixtures that they determine Kraft for operation of the over-run brakes, which however for the correct attitude of the over-run brakes an only subordinated role plays. The HU 194,773 B reveals an inspection fixture for the examination of mechanical over-run brakes of a supporter on a Rollenprüfstand, whereby the inspection fixture is arranged by means of bars with the supporter firmly connected and on roles. A ball adjustable by means of a hydraulic cylinder is connected with the linkage of the supporter. With the examination the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder is increased and so the ball and the linkage are shifted relative to the supporter, whereby the over-run brakes are operated. The shift way of the linkage and the braking force are determined as function on the linkage of the working Kraft. At an inspection fixture in accordance with the HU 194,773 B it is unfavorable that it often comes by abrupt using of the brake applications to blocking and slipping through the wheels of the supporter at the role brake test stand, whereby the braking force cannot be determined. A further disadvantage is that for the pressure build-up repeated pumping is necessary and must before a further test procedure the pressure be discharged, why the examination is lengthy. Further it is unfavorable at an inspection fixture in accordance with the HU 194,773 B that she exhibits a large construction volume, whereby a large space requirement is necessary with the storage. The EP 0,621,161 A1 reveals a procedure for determining overtravel force expenditure-practiced with the brake applications of a supporter on a towing vehicle, with which the force equilibrium of the forces working at the towing vehicle in vertical direction is determined, which is determined force equilibrium of the RK 411,347 B at the towing vehicle in horizontal direction of working forces and with from the vertical and horizontal force equilibrium overtravel force is determined. At the procedure in accordance with the EP 0,621,161 A1 it is unfavorable that to the determination of overtravel force admits forces the affecting the towing vehicle be must. Further it is unfavorable that the characteristics relevant for the evaluation of over-run brakes of a supporter, in particular the shift way and braking force the affecting the wheels of the supporter are not determined. From the EP 0,392,188 A1 a testing set for the brake assembly of a motor vehicle follows, which can be put into the mounting rails of the driver's seat of the motor vehicle and supported at them to the rear. At a testing set in accordance with the RST EP 0,621,161 A1 it is unfavorable that it cannot be inserted for the examination by over-run brakes of a supporter. The EP 0,157,336 a2 reveals over-run brakes for a trailer for six-wheelers, which is swivelling domable with the semitrailer plate of a tractor over a king pin, whereby the king pin is fastened to a slip piece and is operated by the movement of the king pin an accumulating brake mechanism. At a testing set in accordance with the EP 0,157,336 a2 it is unfavorable that it is not suitable for the examination by over-run brakes of a supporter. Task of the invention is to be indicated it an inspection fixture of the initially specified of the kind, with which the well-known are avoided disadvantages, which can be attached in particular between the towing vehicle and the supporter, in order to reduce the service lives of the supporter at the test stand, with which with the test situation material brake applications are copyable essentially, some simple, reliable and fast examination possible made, with which abrupt using of the brake applications can be avoided, which to blocking and slipping through the wheels of the supporter at the role brake test stand lead, with which the examination can be simply repeated and tested and which is simple and economically producible. A further task of the inspection fixture according to invention is it to determine the measured variables necessary for adjusting the brake. According to invention this is reached by that the device exhibits an adjustable attack for the determination of the shift way for the default of the maximum shift way. Thus the advantage results that the braking force of the supporter can be noted directly as function of the shift way and the shift way and the braking force are not determined as function on the linkage of the working Kraft. With the default of the shift way also the shift speed can be given and/or changed in simple way, whereby abrupt using of the braking action and slipping through of the wheels of the supporter due to it can be prevented. Further the brake can be loosened fast, whereby after one the small over-run brakes is again operatable already. A further advantage is that it can be determined in a simple manner whether the over-run brakes exercise the necessary braking force after a way given in advance on the wheels of the supporter. A further advantage is that the brake applications caused by the inspection fixture essentially correspond to brake applications arising in the traffic. The maximum shift way can be given by the attack, so that during the examination other measuring instruments can be read off and the given shift way is not exceeded nevertheless. In further training of the invention it can be intended that the device covers a way indicator for the determination of the shift way, whereby a particularly simple and fast determination of the shift way is made possible. In accordance with another execution form of the invention it can be intended that the release device is a hand lever. A hand lever exhibits the advantage that the release device does not have to be attached to electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic od. such systems, 50 separates is ready for use immediately. In accordance with further training of the invention it can be intended that the shifter exhibits a trailer hitch head. The trailer hitch head ensures a good connection with the clutch of the supporter and guarantees that the inspection result corresponds to the behavior of the supporter in the traffic. In continuation of the invention it can be intended that the shifter is in zuAT 411,347 B mindest one, preferably at least two, positions fixable. A damage of the inspection fixture can be prevented by the adjustment of the shifter during the procedure of the supporter with between-coupled inspection fixture effectively. Further the fixableness can be intended in a second position, in which the brake is attractive preferably, so that ways can be checked by push pull cables od. such. In accordance with another training of the invention it can be intended that the support device is telescope seaweeds, and that the length of the telescope seaweeds is fixable. It can take up the fixed telescope seaweeds both Zugals also thrust forces and ensured that the distance between the supporter and the inspection fixture remains constant and can the supporter neither to the inspection fixture approximate nor from this remove. In accordance with a further execution form of the invention it can be intended that the support device - in use situation - is fixable by means of means of mounting around an essentially vertical axle tiltable and. The tiltableness offers the possibility the inspection fixture to different designs of supporters to adapt to be able. Another possible execution form of the invention can consist of that the supporting device exhibits a trailer coupling. By means of the trailer coupling of the supporting device the inspection fixture can be connected surely with a towing vehicle and push away at this. The invention concerns further a procedure for the examination of over-run brakes, in particular from mechanical over-run brakes of a supporter, in particular with an inspection fixture specified before, whereby by a release device a Verschiebevorrichtung is moved, which releases the over-run brakes. With well-known such procedures with a hydraulic cylinder the over-run brakes are released and examined whether a braking action arises. Other well-known procedures determine Kraft, which are necessary for releasing the over-run brakes. At these procedures it is unfavorable that only the presence of the braking action is determined, but no statements about the entire condition of the over-run brakes to be determined can. Kraft, which is needed for releasing the over-run brakes, as unsuitable criterion proved. Task of the invention is to be indicated it a procedure of the kind specified above, with which a characteristic for the entire condition of the over-run brakes is determined. According to invention this is reached by that before the manipulation of the release device the shift way of the Verschiebevorrichtung is stopped. Thus the advantage that apart from the braking force on the wheels a further criterion for the effectiveness is given to the over-run brakes, results which independently of the braking force the requirement of the new employment and/or the exchange of parts of the over-run brakes indicates. In continuation of the invention it can be intended that the supporter is supported during the examination on his gange wheel and the gange wheel is aligned in driving direction. A stable list of the supporter is obtained by the support on the gange wheel, so that this cannot tilt. In accordance with variation in type of the invention it can be intended that the distance between the supporting device and the supporter is kept constant concerning an enlargement and/or a decrease during the examination by a support device. The support device ensures that the distance between the inspection fixture and the supporter remains constant during the examination. In further arrangement of the invention it can be intended that the supporter before the examination is brought with his wheels on a Rollenprüfstand and the inspection fixture at a towing vehicle is supported. The braking action can be measured by the inclusion of a Rollenprüfstandes on the individual wheels of the supporter in simple way. In this connection it can have to be seen in accordance with another execution form of the invention vorgeso that the direction of rotation of the roles of the Rollenprüfstandes is selected during the examination due to the adjustment of the supporter at the Rollenprüfstand. By the eligibility of the direction of rotation of the roles the adjustment of the supporter at the Rollenprüfstand is not given by the Rollenprüfstand, so that better with the local conditions with the Rollenprüfstand can be dealt. In accordance with a further execution form of the invention it can be intended that the Prüfvor4 RK 411,347 B direction between the towing vehicle and the supporter is inserted, before the supporter is brought on the Rollenprüfstand and after driving the supporter down off the Rollenprüfstand between the towing vehicle and the supporter is only removed. This procedure way guarantees that the time, which the Rollenprüfstand is needed for the examination is minimized. The invention is described with reference to the closed designs, in which execution forms are represented, more near. Shows: Fig.1 the side view of a first execution form of an inspection fixture according to invention; Fig.2 the plan view on the inspection fixture in accordance with Fig. 1, and RST Fig.3 the side view of a second execution form of the inspection fixture according to invention, which connects a towing vehicle with a supporter on a Rollenpr0fstand. Into the Fig. a first execution form of an inspection fixture according to invention is represented to 1 and 2 for the examination by over-run brakes, in particular by mechanical over-run brakes of a supporter 5. The inspection fixture covers a supporting device 4, a shifter 1, a release device 2, a support device 3 and a device for the determination of the shift way 16 of the shifter 1. As in Fig. shown, a trailer coupling 51 by means of an accumulating device 52 connected 3 with the supporter 5 is adjustably with the accumulate-braked supporter 5, whereby by tossing the accumulating device 52 a braking action is released on the wheels 53 of the supporter 5. With the examination by means of the inspection fixture according to invention the shifter i is connected with the trailer coupling 51, the support device 3 directly with the supporter 5 and the supporting device 4 with a being certain body 7, whereby the being certain body can be a towing vehicle 7. 'In other execution forms of the available invention than being certain body 7 a clevis mounting embodied in the underground can be intended od. such. For connection with the towing vehicle 7 the supporting device 4 can preferably exhibit a trailer coupling 41, which is operatable by means of a grasp 42. The shifter 1 exhibits a storage element 11 and one connected with the supporting device 4 opposite this adjustably stored stroke seaweeds 12, whereby the stroke seaweeds 12 with the trailer coupling 51 is connected. In addition it proved as favorable, if the stroke seaweeds 12 a trailer hitch head for the connection with the trailer coupling 51 of the supporter 5 exhibits 13 od. such. Further the shifter 1 exhibits the device for the determination of the shift way 16. This covers with the execution form in accordance with Fig. 1 a way indicator 16, with which 11 shift way put back of the stroke seaweeds 12 in relation to the storage element is directly readable. The way indicator 16 can be trained mechanically, electrically or in another well-known way. With an electronic way indicator 16 this can be connected with evaluation electronics, e.g. evaluation electronics of the Rollenprüfstandes. With other execution forms of the invention the device can cover an adjustable attack for the determination of the shift way 16. The adjustable attack guarantees that a shift way given in advance is not exceeded, whereby the if necessary existing way indicator 16 does not need to be observed during the test procedure. Thus also another announcement, the announcement of a Rollenprüfstandes can be e.g. observed during the test procedure. The release device 2 controls the shift of the shifter 1 and can a hand lever 24, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 21, a Elektrcmotor od. such cover. The execution of the release device 2 with the hand lever 24 exhibits the advantage that manually also the operation smoothness of the over-run brakes is determined and be determined so in a simple manner can, whether the mechanics of the over-run brakes must be cleaned and/or lubricated. The hand lever 24 is tiltable around a first joint 25, which is directly or indirectly with the supporting device 4 connected and is non-relocatable opposite this. Over under utilization of the lever force to transfer knows the tilting motion of the hand lever 24 around the first joint into a shift of the stroke seaweeds 12 in accordance with Fig. 1 connected with the stroke seaweeds 12 a second joint 26 its, which is led in a slotted hole 27 of the hand lever 24. The slotted hole 27 is arranged thereby between the first joint 25 and a handle 28 of the hand lever 24. In order the connection between the hand lever 24 and the stroke seaweeds 12 within the range of the guidance of the stroke seaweeds 12 in the storage element 11 to be able, can RKs 411,347 B would drive out be intended that the storage element exhibits 11 long holes 17, in which the second joints 26 are led. Further a locking device 15 can be intended, by means of those the stroke seaweeds 12 opposite the supporting device 4, preferably in relation to the storage element 11 is fixable. This adjustment of the stroke seaweeds 12 can be steepable also by means of the attitude mechanism 14. With in Fig. 1 and 2 lock screw shown 15 the stroke seaweeds 12 can be fixable in any position. So knows the stroke seaweeds 12 on the one hand in Fig. 1 and 2 position shown to be fixed, in order to prevent a damage of the shifter 1 during the procedure of the supporter 5, on the other hand one the stroke seaweeds 12 with released over-run brakes, in order be checked z, B. Abstände of the mobile parts of the over-run brakes can be fixed and be able to control. The support device 3 guarantees a rigid connection between the supporting device 4 and the supporter 5, so that the shifter 1 shifts the accumulating device 52 against the supporter 5. Preferably the support device 3 formed for their first end of 32 with the supporting device 4 as telescope seaweeds 31 is ausis, and their second end of 33 with the supporter 5, in particular with its linkage 55 of the gange wheel 54, is connected. The length of the telescope seaweeds 31 can be adjusted with a crank 34 steplessly. This execution exhibits the further advantage apart from the advantage of the stepless adjustableness that the telescope seaweeds 31 to without-additional measures it is fixed in relation to Längsverschiebungen and both Zugals also thrust forces can transfer, whereby the distance between the Abstützvordchtung 4 and the supporter 5 can be reduced nor increased neither. The attachment of the second end of 33 of the telescope seaweeds 31 with the linkage 55 of the gange wheel 54 of the supporter 5 can in simple, fast and safe way by means of a seal 36, which the linkage 55 of the gange wheel 54 of the supporter 5 are manufactured enclosure. For opening and closing the seal 36 a first locking lever 35 can be intended. In order to be able to change apart from the length of the telescope seaweeds 31 by means of the crank 34 also the adjustment of the telescope seaweeds 31, a second locking lever 37 is intended, after its release the telescope seaweeds 31 in their use situation around an essentially vertical axle is tiltable. Thus the inspection fixture can be adapted to different execution forms by supporters 5. With other execution forms it is intended that the seal is 36 in use situation additionally around an essentially horizontal axle, which is perpendicular on the longitudinal axis of the telescope seaweeds 31 tiltable. In place of the seal 36 also different well-known mounting devices can be intended. In Fig. a second execution form of an inspection fixture according to invention for the brake test mechanically accumulate-braked supporter 5 is represented 3. During this execution the release device 2 covers the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 21 and the device for the determination of the shift way of the shifter 1 the attitude mechanism 14. The piston rod 22 of the cylinder 21 propels the stroke seaweeds 12 of the shifter 1 and by means of a single solenoid valve 23 is steered. During the preparation the supporter 5 on the roles 6 of the Rollenprüfstandes is brought to an examination, supported on its gange wheel 54 and installed the inspection fixture. The shifter 1 is connected with the accumulating device 52 and the support device 3 with the supporter 5, so that the distance between the supporting device 4 and the supporter is kept constant concerning an enlargement and/or a decrease during the examination. It is to be made certain that the gange wheel 54 in driving direction of the supporter 5 is aligned and the accumulating device is 52 of the supporter 5 in its ungestauchten position. The supporting device 4 is fixed in relation to the environment. This anchorage can preferably be ensured e.g. by means of an embodied clevis mounting or by means of a connection between the falling device 4 and the towing vehicle 7. If the supporting device 4 at the towing vehicle 7 is supported, then the inspection fixture can be already inserted between the towing vehicle 7 and the supporter 5, before the supporter 5 is brought on the Rollenprüfstand. Further it is possible to only remove the inspection fixture after driving the supporter 5 from the Rollenprüfstand between the towing vehicle 7 down and the supporter 5. During the procedure of the supporter 5 it seems to be appropriate to fix the stroke seaweeds 12 in order to prevent a damage of the inspection fixture. 6 RKs 411,347 B with the examination are propelled by the roles of 6 the wheels 53 of the supporter 5. By manipulation of the release device 2 the stroke seaweeds 12 toward the supporter 5 it is moved whereby the accumulating device 52 is tossed around the stroke and a braking action at the wheels 53 is released, which is noted by the Rollenprüfstand. It can be determined whether the braking action begins with a predefinable shift of the stroke seaweeds 12. This can take place either via that during the manipulation of the release device 2 the shift way of the shifter 1 is determined, or thus that before the manipulation of the release device 2 the shift way of the shifter 1 is stopped. If the release device 2 covers a hand lever 24, then the regulation appears during the manipulation of the release device 2 as appropriate, while during a hydraulic or pneumatic release device 2 the pre-setting proved as favorable. With the inspection fixture according to invention it is possible to determine the braking action as function of the upsetting of the accumulating device 52. The measurement must be repeated if necessary and be adjusted the attitude mechanism 14. Due to the manufacturer data it can be determined after the fact in a simple manner whether the attitudes of the over-run brakes lie in the intended range of tolerance. According to invention errors can be excluded by the simplicity of the inspection fixture to a large extent. With the procedure according to invention the over-run brakes can be operated within a short time and loosened again, as this is necessary with an examination with a modern Rollenprüfstand. When using a hand lever 24 the operation smoothness of the over-run brakes is examined at the same time, whereby a contamination and/or a lubricating lacking of the mobile parts are recognized. With execution forms with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders 21 the operation smoothness can be examined by change of the pressure. The Rollenprüfstand indicates whether the braking action is even with the wheels 53 of the supporter 5 ' or whether one of the wheels 53 is more strongly braked and if necessary the brakes to be placed behind to have. It can be that the approach road is possible from a side on the Rollenprüfstand only, there on the opposite side an obstacle, like a wall, is present e.g. and the distance between the Rollenprüfstand and the obstacle for the towing vehicle 7 and the part of the supporter 5, that extends beyond the Rollenprüfstand is too small. In this case the supporter must be driven backwards on the Rollenprüfstand. In order also in this case be able the roles of 6 of the Rollenprüfstandes would drive through, must an examination against their respective usual direction of travel to turn be able themselves. In addition the Rollenprüfstand for the examination of the over-run brakes of the supporter can exhibit 5 own test programs, with which the Laufdchtung of the roles is given in advance 6. Further these test programs can be co-ordinated with the mass of the supporter 5, which can be substantially smaller compared with a passenger car. If the supporter 5 exhibits an only small mass, then it can be that the friction between the wheels is so small 53 of the supporter 5 and the roles of 6 that the wheels block 53 when braking, since they train a slip in relation to the roles of 6. In order to avoid this, the supporter 5 before the examination can be loaded with an auxiliary mass. It can be also intended that the Rollenprüfstand exhibits own test programs for supporters, so that a vote takes place on the mass of the supporter 5 via the test program. These test programs can cause that the Rollenprüfstand reacts more sensitively, so that blocking the wheels 53 is prevented when braking. With zweiund mehrachsigen supporters can, as with a passenger car successively the wheels 53 of the individual axles are examined. If the axle base is small, then it can be that the wheels 53, which are on the roles of 6 no or an only small contact with the roles 6 exhibit. This agitates from there that usually sinks the roles of 6 in the ground are arranged and from there the supporter 5 on the wheels 53 mount, which are not located on the roles of 6. In order also supporters 5 with two axles, which exhibit a small axle base, examine to be able, can during the examination the pressure in the wheels 53, which are not examined straight, be reduced. It can be guaranteed by this measure that the wheels which can be examined mount 53 on the roles 6. After the examination the air pressure is brought its being supposed and. In place of the reduction of the air pressure it is also possible to dismantle the wheels 53, which are not examined straight, temporarily. Successively both axles can be examined for one of the two methods. RKs 411,347 B supporters with two axles, which exhibit a small axle base, can be examined also in a simple manner if the roles of 6 are not arranged sunk in the ground, but are something increased. This can be achieved also by höhenverstellbare roles of 6 and/or a lowerable range of the ground around the roles of 6.