Temperature detector i.e. thermo element grid, for e.g. burner pipe, of gas turbine, for detecting temperature deviation, has metal with set of wires that are connected with another set of wires of another metal at parallel connections

Explanation for by a US-Bundesbhörde the promoted research or development this invention was created with support of the US Government under the order No. DE-FC26-05NT42 643, which was assigned by the energy Ministry. The government has certain rights to these Erfindung.

Area of the invention the available invention concerns a device and a procedure for the collection of a flame setback in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine machine and/or a Gasturbinentriebwerks.

Regularly development programs are involved background to the invention [of 0003] gas turbine manufacturers for the production of new gas turbines in Forschungsund, which would produce less unwanted air-polluting emissions with high efficiency to work and. The primary air-polluting emissions, which are produced usually, if gas turbines burn conventional hydrocarbon fuels, are oxides of nitrogen, Carbon monoxide and unburned Kohlenwasserstoffen.

The oxidation of molecular nitrogen in air breathing machines and/or engines depends to a considerable degree on the maximum hot gas temperature in the reaction zone of the burn system. The rate of the chemical reactions, which form nitrogen oxides (NOx), is a function of the temperature. If the temperature of the hot gas of the combustion chamber is steered on a sufficiently low level, thermal NOx becomes reduziert.

A procedure for the controlling of the temperature of the reaction zone of a combustion chamber under the level, with which thermal NOx is formed, consists mixing of it, fuel and air before the burn to a lean mixture before. The thermal mass of the surplus air, which is present in the reaction zone of a burner with lean mixture, absorbs warmth and reduces the temperature rise of the Verbrennungsprodukte to a level, on that the production of the thermal NOx reduced ist.

With drying burners of small emissions, which are operated with a lean Vorgemisch from fuel and air, different problems are connected. Inflammable mixtures of fuel and air are present in a Vormischabschnitt of the burner, which lies outside of the reaction zone of the burner. A problem is the inclination that due to a flame setback a burn arises within the Vormischabschnittes. A flame setback arises, if a flame from the reaction zone of the burner penetrates into the Vormischabschnitt. The flame held within the turbulence arrives to behind the fuel injection columns (radiation cross current) or Leitschaufelhinterkanten.

A further problem is the self inflammation. A self inflammation takes place, if the period spent and temperature for the fuel/air mixture in the Vormischabschnitt are sufficient, so that without a firing device a burn is released. The consequences of a burn in the Vormischabschnitt are a degradation of the emission behavior and/or overheating and damage at the Vormischabschnitt, which is usually not in addition laid out, the heat from the burn too widerstehen.

Therefore a problem which can be solved consists of it preventing a flame setback, flame stops and/or a self inflammation, which lead to a burn within the Vormischabschnitts it. There the problems in connection with flame setback, flame stops and/or self inflammation due to the use of reactive fuels rise, rise also the need according to a reliable procedure for the collection of a Flammenrückschlags.

Short description of the invention in accordance with an exemplary execution form exhibits a temperature detector a first metal and a second metal, which differ from the first metal. The first metal exhibits several wires, and the second metal exhibits a wire. Several the wires made of the first metal are at parallel junction points and/or contacts with the wire made of the second metal verbunden.

In accordance with a further exemplary execution form a temperature detector exhibits several resistance temperature detectors. Several resistance temperature detectors are at several connections with one another verbunden.

In accordance with a still further exemplary execution form a procedure for the collection of a temperature change of a component of a turbine points a making of a temperature detector available, which exhibits a first metal and a second metal, which differ from the first metal, whereby the first metal and the second metal at several connections with the component are being located in contact connected with one another, and seizing any tension change in any connection auf.

In accordance with a further exemplary execution form a procedure for the collection of high temperatures in a component of a turbine exhibits a seizing of a change of an electric current or a pulse signal by one or more wires, those in a change of the resistance the one or several the wires or in breaking the one or several the wires caused ist.

Short description of the designs Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig.

Fig. a thermocouple points 6 to the temperature collection in schematized way; a thermal element net shows in accordance with an exemplary execution form in schematized way; the thermal element net points to Fig in schematized way. 2, which is intended in a burner pipe of a burner of a gas turbine machine and/or a gas-turbine engine; shows in schematic way thermal element nets in accordance with a further exemplary execution form; illustrated in schematized way a flame setback collection in accordance with a further exemplary execution form; a flame setback collection shows in accordance with a further exemplary Ausführungsform.

in schematized way Detailed description of the invention purchase taking on Fig. 1 exhibits a thermocouple of 2 two different metals 4, 6, which are connected to 8 at only one place or connection (contact). Due to the Seebeck effect becomes as a function of the temperature at the connection 8 (Fig. 1) a tension erzeugt.

For the collection of a flame setback (or other temperature of referred transition processes, which should be seized) a measurement of the accurate temperature of the flame is not necessary. A flame setback can be detected, as temperature transitions in several places of components connected with a burn in a gas turbine are seized, so that an enterprise can be switched off fast, if the temperature at any particular of these places rises. Referring to Fig. a net 10, which exhibits parallel thermal element connections 8a-8e, formed for 2 by two unequal metals 4, 6 is. The net 10 results in a tension change, if any of the junction points 8a-8e at the net 10 a temperature change, for example a Temperatu ranstieg, erfährt.

In the case of a flame, if this arises in the proximity of the connection 8a, the connection 8a will measure the correct or highest temperature change. If the flame in the proximity of the connection 8e arises, the connection 8a will measure a smaller temperature change, whereby however a change is seized, which indicates whether a flame arises, where it should not. Flamenear connections 8b-8d take changes of the temperature between the connection 8a and the connection 8e war.

Purchase taking to Fig. 3 the net 10 at a component 12 of a gas turbine, for example a burner pipe, a burner cover or a burner lining, can be placed in order to seize a temperature derivation, where always it arises. A flame 14 of a flame setback, which can occur in several places, can by the net 10 and only one control device (not illustrated) seized werden.

Purchase taking to Fig. 4 can be interconnected several nets 10 with parallel links 8a-8e, in order to form a complete net 16. The net 16 can be connected with individual Uberwachungseinrichtung (not illustrated). The control device reads the strongest signal, so that a temperature rise at any connection at the net 16 is detected. This makes a collection over a large range for a hardware possible with only one Überwachungseinrichtung.

An alternative execution form can exhibit a continuous resistance temperature detector (RTD, Resistance Temperature Detector) or wire 18, which is wound spiral-like ring around a component 12, like this in Fig. 5 is illustrated, and then for example by a flame setback flame 14 caused temperature changes in any place along the RTDs or wire 18 by fairs of changes of the resistivity of the RTDs or wire 18 detect. Alternatively the change of temperature can be detected, as changes of the frequency of a pulse signal supplied by the RTD or wire 18 are seized. It should be understandable that a network could be used of RTDs, that the net or the nets, as they are managing descriptive, is similar. For example a first RTD can exhibit several RTD elements from a first material, with a second RTD element from a second material at parallel contacts connected sind.

Purchase taking to Fig. 6 a wire 20 with low fusion point can be spiral-like ring around the component 12 wound in a further exemplary execution form. A temperature rise can arrange the lowmelting wire 20 to come up with 22 and/or suffer a line interruption, so that the temperature rise by recognizing the loss of a signal sent by the low-temperature wire 20 are seized kann.

The use of a net or several nets with thermal element connections or of RTDs in row and/or parallel to each other can the danger of component damage reduce and/or by making a way possible to the decrease of the danger the serviceability of the gas turbine increase. The use of a net or several nets with thermal element connections or of RTDs in row and/or parallel to each other supplies a reliable way to the collection of a flame setback, no to several sensors with erfordert.

The net or the nets and/or the RTD and/or the RTDs can be inserted with burn nozzles, burner pipes, a cover or lining, in order to seize any temperature derivations and to make a reaction possible to it. The net and/or the nets and/or the RTD and/or the RTDs can be used also at any other component or any other product, with that and/or that a substantial variation in temperature a problem darstellt.

While the invention in connection with an execution form was described, which is regarded momentarily as the most practicable and preferential, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the revealed execution form, but that it is to cover on the contrary different modifications and equivalent arrangements with, those in the framework and scope of protection of the attached requirements contain sind.

A temperature detector 10 contains a first metal 4 and a second metal 6, which differ from the first metal. The first metal contains several wires, and the second metal contains a wire. Several the wires made of the first metal are connected with the wire made of the second metal at parallel connections 8. A further temperature detector contains several resistance temperature detectors. Are connected to several resistance temperature detectors at several connections. A procedure for seizing a temperature change of a component 12 of a turbine contains a making available a temperature detector, which contains a first metal and a second metal, which differ from the first metal, whereby first and the second metal at several connections with the component are being located in contact connected with one another, and seizing any tension change in any Verbindung.

Reference symbol list 2 thermocouple 4 first metal 6 second metal 8 connection thermal element net 12 burner pipe, cover, lining 14 flame of the flame setback of 16 thermal element nets 18 resistance temperature detector Niedertemperatu rdraht 22 failure by line interruption