POWDER COATING APPARATUS AND PROCESS

The present invention refers to substrate device and method for applying a powder coating composition relates to.

Powder coating material, powder coating particles is electrostatically charged, metal and electrically a grounded attached to the substrate between the application method normally to which the agent is applied is solid compositions. Powder coating particles (spray gun) spray gun, which is usually (charging) for pacing information transfers in a communications using friction [triboelectric (triboelectric), friction electrostatic (tribostatic) or "friction (tribo)" antistatic method] or is achieved by interacting with air ion or particles [corona antistatic method (corona charging)] generated at lower/is achieved by. Charged particles in the air with the direction a substrate is transported in, their final spray gun and a sub-layer, adhesion of the field line generated in between substrates affected by (electric field line).

A disadvantage of corona antistatic method time unlimited access to of recesses material is incorporated in the substrate due to an electric field line access, a substrate complex form, in particular having concave portion to coat a substrate transmitted to copyright 2000 [Faraday cage effect (Faraday cage effect)]. Faraday cage effect in the case of friction electrostatic antistatic method but not clearly, however said method having other disadvantages.

An alternative approach to as electrostatically spraying, substrate for preheating a (typically to 200 °C -400 °C), ping deep fluidized bed of powder coating composition (dipping) a method of the powder by coating composition can be applied. That has been preheated substrate and, which is urged in contact powder particles is melted on a surface of base material are attached to a vehicle. When thermosetting powder coating composition, initial-coated substrate is applied coating to complete curing of can be additional thermal heating. Said post-heating is accomplished in no more than thermoplastic powder coating composition, which is necessary when do not go.

Fluidized bed method are Faraday cage effect by removing, in workpiece substrate the coated over the concave unit is, although there are a multiplicity of attractive another aspect, applied coating is electrostatically coating method obtainable by coating a resistance which is substantially lower than of a string member, a thick are known as HMG-COa reductase.

Further alternatively the powder coating composition a so-called a application techniques is electrostatically fluidized bed method (electrostatic fluidised-bed process), flow chamber in said method, usually porous air-distributing film from air pressure chamber (plenum chamber) to support electrodes disposed by. are ionized and air. Ion air powder particles which support, the same of electrically charged particles such that inner components in the repulsive force as a result of upward is moved to a whole. The fluidized bed powder particles charged on the surface has the effect of so the boundary layer as. Usually substrate is connected to ground, is introduced into particle group powder (some of porous dielectric carrier, and an electrostatic than the first are attached to of a substrate). Electrostatically fluidized bed method in. there is no need to pre-heat the substrate.

Fluidized bed electrostatically the method suitable for coating small things in particular to the driving direction and speed of, the reason is that surface pacing information transfers is an article away from the powder deposition of 5 particles. due to reduced rate. Furthermore, in the case of fluidized bed traditional method, powder end is delimited by enclosure (enclosure), onto the substrate, an application of not overspray (over-spray) for recycling and re-to mixing't as is the need for providing equipment. However, corona-charged electrostatically in the case of method, charged electrodes and between substrates strong fields thereby improving searching efficiency of still images, Faraday cage effect group containing polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene is what the powder particles in the recess on the substrate be approximately. the compartments are free from being attached.

Including to the present invention refers to, method for producing a coating on the substrate for carrying out provides device (said device the fluidized bed into ionization effect or corona-effect are arranged to operate without):

Fluidized bed powder coating composition powder coating composition by establishing an (fluidised-bed) friction electrostatic antistatic (fluidising chamber) flow chamber for carrying out (tribostatic charging);

All or part substrate fluidised bed, and impregnation of powder coating composition friction electrostatic of electrically charged particles that is attached to the substrate means to (substrate and is electrically isolated from ground or are);

Substrate region charged particles adheres so as to influence degree that is arranged electrically conductive electrodes (one which is to be a root voltage is applied);

Voltages to the electrodes the means for applying a;

Means recover carbon substrate against fluidized bed; and

All or based on applied on to a portion particles in succession by a wireless device means for forming the electrons into coatings.

Affect each on an area a substrate electrode, the electrodes the invention relates to an electrode and region voltage according to proximity of said. affecting coating region.

A device number 1 voltage and arrangement of having the opposite polarity to the electrode number 2, number 2 and of opposite polarity electrode includes means for applying a voltage, said number 1 number 2 electrode and to be arranged on an opposite side of the substrate electrode is, region of the substrate electrode number 2 of electrically charged particles adheres. affect the degree.

Other device arrangement 1 number 1 a adjacent to an electrode and placing the one or more additional electrode, and additional electrode (are) number 1 to polarity voltage, which comprises means for applying a predetermined voltage range of, said additional electrode (are) each region of the substrate (are) charged particles adheres so as to influence degree is arranged.

Pluralities of adding arrays are other device which includes electrodes, additional electrode includes a substrate.

In one arrangement, rod-electrode number 1 and which is form (rod).

Other in one arrangement, the leaf electrode number 1 and which is form (plate).

Preferably, one or more further electrode 1, in an arrangement including, additional electrode the leaf loads LPG and has at least one, sheet-like electrodes are further and which is.

Number 1 an applied electrodes electrodes and other (are) in in operation, device in ionisation or corona conditions are satisfied while not outputs a relay driving signal..

Therefore, ionizing electrodes electrodes and other number 1 or corona conditions a relatively unsuitable to form a machine comprising such a tool and smooth surface, electrode (are) edge edge and resulting from anti-platelet form of ionisation or corona conditions as a means for avoiding. are curved. Alternatively or additionally, edge and corona ionisation or edges in order to avoid conditions is shielded with a low (masked) insulating material.

Electrode spacing and electrode between substrates (are) and by means of a voltage applied to (are) operatively of ionization or corona conditions are device does not in established.

Electrode (are), and the distance between and the substrate is 10 centimeter, the voltage applied to electrode 5 kV (are) since the potential difference (potential gradient) is the 0.5 kV/cm, the ion or corona conditions is a potential difference required for hereinafter.

0.5 kV/cm (are) an electrode potential difference of voltage applied by adjusting the substrate and electrode (are) the objective compound. further separated between.

However, establish the corona electrodes ionisation or low but still rather than a potential difference, 0.5 kV/cm or more potential difference can be used, substrate and electrode spacing and between (are) by means of a voltage applied to electrode (are) are made the is appropriate.

In operation, a potential difference between and the substrate electrode (are) 0.1 kV/cm to 5 kV/cm is.

A 0.1 kV/cm to 0.5 kV/cm said device may be operated in potential difference of.

Selectively, a 0.2 kV/cm to 1 kV/cm said device may be operated in potential difference of.

In certain configurations in the present invention according to, number 1 electrodes and a plurality of additional electrode encloses a portion or all of a substrate "shell (shell)" obtained through the. Said shells are embodied in such a way is continuous or discontinuous.

In one arrangement other, shell provides the substrate with resistance electrode number 1 is formed on.

Shell including in one arrangement, shell sheet material (sheet material) or at least one nanostructured, includes or sheet material, wherein a.

Shell including in one arrangement, all or part of shell is composed of an array ribs.

All or part of the substrate shell for releasably encapsulating vicinity from each other (close-fitting enclosure) is formed a continuous sheet metal layers, while the, electrode (are) and said for an interval between substrates satisfies the conditions.

Selectively, most or entire shell of the substrate for forming for releasably encapsulating close as, plurality separate sheets configured in the form of a, another sheet-shaped bounds sheets the second device overlap address information fields, is superimposable supplies, electrode (are) and said for an interval between substrates satisfies the requirements.

Another alternative example, most or entire shell of the substrate for forming for releasably encapsulating close as, by groove or may be formed with, other rod is superimposable and rods that but, is superimposable need't. Surface is formed in 2 formed by two rod set is connected to the semiconductor layer. disposition to engage the.

Shell, in an arrangement including, a tubular form of shell is (tubular), one tubular include or the open end end end, both ends or includes the open end end.

Selectively, is a cylindrical shell type, for example circular transverse cross-section, has elliptical transverse cross-section or rectangular transverse cross-section.

Specific shell in disposition to engage, a plurality of shell has electrical isolation, each voltage portion separate a shell said device for applying includes means for its.

In a device, fluidized bed into a portion includes conductive flow chamber, a flow chamber of said device for applying a voltage to the conductive portion includes means for its.

The present invention refers to in addition, including steps a, method for the formation of a coating on the base provides, the present method without corona-effect or ionized in a fluidized bed and the processing advances:

The potential of the output terminal by fluidized bed of powder coating composition, electrostatic friction of powder coating composition thereof is provided to perform an antistatic;

All or part substrate to in fluidized beds, and impregnation of powder coating composition based of electrically charged particles electrostatic friction (and is electrically isolated from are or grounded objects other) that attaches the decal to the step;

Steps of providing a electrically conductive electrodes fluidised bed;

Electrically conductive electrodes applying voltage to the;

Combustion system therein having the step of it against a substrate electrode is disposed (substrate region the charged particles adhering the degree to which the electrode in such a way that it influences the network server computer does not);

Recovery of the substrate against fluidized bed; and

All or based on applied on to a portion particles in succession by a wireless device coating the progressive building.

In said method, affect each on an area a substrate electrode, the invention relates to an electrode region by means of a voltage applied to and the electrode proximity of said according to. affecting coating region.

The present method one form of an on the opposite side relative to the electrode number 1 number 2 onto the substrate, an application of voltage and number 1 and to provide an electrode having the opposite polarity to the voltage includes between the second and first electrodes is number 2, number 2 electrode substrate region charged particles adheres so as to influence degree is arranged.

The present method the shape that alternative number 1 1 a adjacent to an electrode and placing the at least one additional number 1 to provide an electrode and additional electrode voltage polarity voltage, (are) include applied to, said additional electrode (are) each region of the substrate (are) charged particles adheres so as to influence degree is arranged.

In of the present invention method, fluidized bed particles of powder coating composition circulating in the other respect to particles of the particles in, rubbing friction charged (triboelectric, friction power failure or "friction" antistatic method) particles of powder coating composition as a result of the attached to the substrate.

A fluidized bed of the present invention method without corona-effect or ionized in and the processing advances.

In of the present invention method, an electrically conductive substrate (metal or other conductive material), or an electrically non-conductive can take the being a low conductivity.

Therefore, for example substrate of transitioning a fiberboard (MDF), includes of wood or wood products.

Selectively, or plastic material substrate, including electrically conductive additive including plastic material.

(Highly insulating) then polyamide or a plastic material (e.g., polycarbonate) plastic material includes.

Plastic substrate or may be impregnated with fluidised bed, or fluidized bed impregnated pre substrate is before can be charged, a fluidized bed said method described the plastic material prior to impregnating hereinafter, is heated to a temperature of the melting point of the, powder coating composition, is heated to a temperature of (transition point) hereinafter transition point can include.

When impregnated fluidised bed plastic substrate, surface resistance (surface resistance) for the purpose to reduce provides heating.

Before impregnated fluidised bed when from being electrified pre-plastic substrate, the aim of original heating on the whole surface charging of a. for leveling.

An alternative approach to heating an alternative by added to or heating method, pre charged surface of a plastic substrate, on a substrate being wetted for the leveling electrification can.

Shell and, the electrical flow chamber (if any) peddling a fluidized bed by means of a voltage applied to or ionized in insufficient for the production of corona effect of the present invention results in maximum potential difference friction charged powder coating away by the particles-based coating communication with the outlet to influence the. sufficient to. In fluidized beds usually while the air, e.g., atmospheric pressure, gas, other gases (e.g., nitrogen or helium) can be used.

Electric field substantially charging electrodes and the substrate porous dielectric carrier, and an electrostatic force generated between a crank shaft and when compared to fluidized bed method, of the present invention method, to obtain a relatively high conductive metal other substances with good opening unit of coating is achieved. The present method, independent of the form of the highly conductive substrate obtained in uniformity of the structured coating, fluidized bed method of 4-20. than electrostatically.

Electric field substantially charging electrodes and the substrate and porous dielectric carrier, and an electrostatic force generated between a crank shaft and further when compared to fluidized bed method, of the present invention method of a fiber material and substantially ends of fiber material is fabricated electric field tends standing without fibre material to including substrate obtained a good coating.

When compared to method fluidized bed application of the existing method, the of the present invention method 400 °C to 200 °C heating a temperature of an undesirable electric MDF, plywood and including plastic provides possibility of coating materials. Furthermore, of the present invention method decreases, the particle size in between particles so that more effectively, the compressed audio data is formed MDF, plywood and thin film on plastic material with controlled. obtained by method.

Particle size is reduced electrostatic friction repetition of efficacy by using gun powder coating method in contrast to particle size decreases efficacy is improved.

As well as MDF, wood, wood products, plastic materials, including plastic materials electrically conductive additive, polyamide, then plastic materials (e.g., polycarbonate) is presented in substrate is appropriate.

10³ ohmic/square, i.e. 10¹¹ ohmic/square a substrate having a surface resistivity of from properties, and hardly is conductive while, 10¹¹ ohmic/square or more a substrate having a surface resistivity of from is deemed a non-conductive.

According to the water content of MDF block 10³ ohmic/square to 10¹¹ ohmic/square has a surface resistivity of from, 10³ the surface resistivity of from ohmic/square 10¹¹ ohmic/square surface resistivity of from. corresponding to the a high water content, than.

Wood and wood articles are according to water content of wood type and 10³ ohmic/square to 10¹¹ ohmic/square a surface resistivity of from 2000 to have a.

Electrically conductive additives including plastic materials and electrically conductive additive free of various plastic material are 10³ ohmic/square to 10¹¹ ohmic/square has a surface resistivity of from, the material (if any, additive or additive are) properties, and hardly of conductive according to corresponding is.

For example, polyamides, and polycarbonate then including corresponding to a non-conductive plastic material 10¹¹ ohmic/square or more a surface resistivity of from 2000 to have a.

Furthermore, a substrate are low conductive 10³ ohmic/square to 10⁵ ohmic/square and, resulting in a lower limit of surface resistivity of from 10⁵ ohmic/square and at a pressure ranging above 10¹¹ classification in an upper limit of 1,000,000 and an surface resistivity of from ohmic/square can be. 10¹¹ ohmic/square or more of materials having a surface resistivity of from the "insulating (insulating)" is deemed.

The present specification described as well as a substrate, is not limited to polymer.

1 surface of a substrate resistance of 10³ ohmic/square or more, for example:

/ 10³ ohmic/square to 10⁵ ohmic/square.

/ 10⁵ ohmic/square or more.

/ 10⁵ ohmic/square to 10¹¹ ohmic/square.

Insulating surface of a substrate resistance 10¹¹ at least ohmic/square.

Said given surface resistivity value (Standard) D257-93 standard ASTMS are applied is 2kV is measured by.

Coating uniformity of a loose (loose) of a substrate for removing tracking shaping (vibrating) or vibration (shaking) can be enhanced by.

Adhesion particles and then converting the coating in succession by a wireless device (suitable when, cure stage of applied composition) has a heat-treated and/or radiation energy, i.e. infrared, ultraviolet or electron beam radiation can be embodiment. When compared to fluidized bed application techniques of the existing method, based on the pre-heating of the present invention method steps to not making n copies of the basic, fluidised bed pre substrate prior to impregnating't is need for heating.

When electrically conductive a portion of fluidized bed chamber, shell and flow chamber by means of a voltage applied to a fluidized bed ionized in or corona effect since insufficient to create, and is electrically isolated from substrate is current is which seemed very slow to answer to any, as a result if the enclosure is separated electrically substrate is likely to be do not go, and power is generated. Current electrically grounded substrate is a forward to a 1 mA hereinafter.

A plastic conductivity and have high surface at high temperatures is a base material when including, fluidised bed substrate melting of powder coating composition prior to impregnating hereinafter, hereinafter glass transition temperature by heating the material at the plastic to a temperature of several benefits is connected to the semiconductor layer..

Conductive surface substantially even at high temperatures and display good plastic and do not show a slowed when including is a base material, antistatic pre substrate prior to impregnating fluidised bed, it is advantageous to..

in impregnation city pre charged the leveling charging on a substrate, are formed with a non-photosensitivity substrate fluidised bed it to some extent. can be advantageously.

Antistatic, is heated to a temperature of melting point provides the substrate with resistance by hereinafter, or substrate by introducing humidity surface on, or both can be leveling by.

In of the present invention method, shell and flow chamber (flow chamber by electrically conductive a portion of) the voltage applied to DC voltage, positive (positive) or voice (negative) but, positive or negative for an intermittent voltage when using AC voltage by applying may be loaded with. According to size and complexity of the substrate applied voltage broad within the confines, saccharin natrium, , a portion of flow chamber when electrically conductive preferably thickness and membrane flow chamber.

The applied voltage 100 kV to 10 V, more preferably 100 V to 60 kV, and most preferably, at least 30 kV to 100 V, in particular 100 V to 10 kV (positive or negative) within the range of 2000. A voltage range 10 V to 100 V, 5 kV to 100 V, 60 kV to 5 kV, 35 kV to 15 kV, includes 30 kV to 5 kV; 60 kV to 30 kV. satisfactory also.

Continuously or intermittently the DC voltage can be applied, metal ion is one of silver, applied voltage can be changed during coating.. By voltage applied intermittent, telephone ([...] , electrification) is described that has impregnated fluidised bed can be conducted prior to, until after removal from the fluidized bed substrate is discontinuous do not go. Selectively impregnated fluidised bed is a substrate can be applied only after.. Optionally, telephone before is recovered from the fluidized bed substrate is for producing a discontinuity can be effected. The magnitude of applied voltage, and can be changed during a coating.

Flow chamber is includes an electrically non-conductive.

Ionization and corona conditions the order to exclude the, maximum-in potential in fluidized beds present in the air or other flow relative to gases. lower than ionization potential. Maximum potential difference determining factor wrtus shell and interval between substrates, applied voltage and is connected to the semiconductor layer. other factors of device.

, E.g., atmospheric pressure, air by the, ionization-in potential is cm/30 kV, using air as gas at a pressure of air the maximum-in potential must chloride 30 kV/cm. Similar maximum-in potential nitrogen or helium as gas in addition suitable for use..

These, when considered in the, maximum-in potential present fluidised bed 29 kV/cm, 27.5 kV/cm, 25 kV/cm, 20 kV/cm, cm/15 kV, 10 kV/cm, is 0.05 kV/cm or cm/5 kV.

Minimum-in potential will at least 0.05 kV/cm or more, or 0.01 kV/cm.

Preferably, substrate is impregnated is entirely within the fluidized bed during coating.

As described above said, in of the present invention method, a fluidized bed for pacing information transfers in a communications particles powder by friction between particles in the is embodiment. Nickel in fluidized beds of by friction which charged bipolar particles, i.e. particles and charged voice as a portion of, another portion will charged positive. In fluidized beds to positive and negative charged particles by an the telephone function in DC voltage but called during an ordinary traveling, bipolar of particles of the present invention method can be receiving electrification.

Given polarity or a second polarity when the telephone function in DC voltage, electrostatic force which 1 one of the polarity of the powder coating particles is connected to the semiconductor layer. tendency of opposite polarity that attract each onto the substrate. Positive and negative charged particles by removing the other at a rate, certain polar in powder gradually reduces the ratio of particles of expected to be but, actually they silver powder particles remaining from the outside during a relative polarity is maintained constant-the charged adjusting now found that associative thickeners.

Antistatic flow of conditions of a substrate chamber for impregnating a preferred period size and geometric complexity of the substrate, and have a film thickness satisfying a required depending on the magnitude of applied voltage will other, 10 milliseconds to 10 ingredient usually, 20 minutes or 30 ingredient, usually 500 milliseconds to 5 ingredient, in particular 1 3 seconds to 75/25 to 35.

Preferably, substrate impregnated in fluidized beds or on an intermittent basis during regular method method is moved. Said mobile for example, straight type, is rotatable and/or under mirror for automobile. Such as said, loose cinder substrate particles to remove vibration or shaping can be processed. Single traps an alternative to as, a whole the aim substrate impregnated period is achieved to iteratively until impregnation and can be recovered in the..

Gas (usually air) the pressure of the bulk of a powder fluidized, fluidity of powder, fluidized bed dimensional and flow chamber porous membrane pressure difference will other.

Particle size distribution of powder coating composition 0 micron to 150 microns, usually is hereinafter 120 microns, average particles size is 15 micron to 75 microns, preferably 20 micron to 25 microns, advantageously 50 microns hereinafter, is in particular 20 micron to 45 microns.

In particular, if the relatively thin a coating film preferably is fine size distribution, for example, one or more of the following reference at 1 preferably composition is met:

A) 95 volume % to 100 volume % < 50 micro m

B) 90 volume % to 100 volume % m micro < 40

C) 45 volume % to 100 volume % < 20 micro m

D) 5 volume % to 100 volume % m micro < 10,

Preferably 10% to 70% volume m micro < 10 volume

E) 1 volume % to 80% volume m micro < 5,

Preferably 3 volume % to 40% volume m micro < 5

Micro f) 1.3 m micro 32 to m, preferably of 8 micro m to 24 micro m d (v)₅₀.

D (v)₅₀ is (median particle size) median particle size of the composition. Usually, volume percentages garrison [d (v)_x] communicates the true particle size (d) hereinafter is ratio of volume total of particles of. Said master element (Mastersizer) X instrument (Malvern instruments) number [...] data device scattering-laser beam can be using. If necessary, material attached [printing ([...] , bake)/ before curing and enables], and having particle size distribution of rubs the attachment chloride accesses services, data pertaining to the and and removed, can be obtained into a coin slot and master is presented.

The thickness of the applied coating 5 micron to 500 microns or 5 micron to 200 microns or 5 micron to 150 microns, in particular 10 micron to 150 microns, for example 20 micron to 100 microns, 20 micron to 50 microns, 25 micron to 45 microns, 50 micron to 60 microns, 80 microns micron to 60, or 80 micron to 100 microns or 50 micron to 150 is microns. A critical elements that affect coating thickness applied voltage but, flow chamber atmospheres of flow condition and antistatic impregnated by. affecting life.

A specific type of a conductive substrate of the present invention method powder coatings of effective. But is preferably ground substrate, is connected electrical can be electrically isolated (electrically "floating (floating)" a substrate, i.e. the motion vector uncertainty a substrate).

Of the present invention method a suitable top coat prior to the application specific metal deficiency mild are sufficient to cover the body upon film formation for coating an article such as a (car body) which preferably have a. glass in particular in the field and other automotive applications. According to the prior art, suitable in tower court to provide manufacturing method, articles that are said two separate coat 2 has been required to be are. Therefore, total metal on the surface to give the barrier membranes of electrodeposition coating (electropaint) for applying a coating after number 1, a visible drawbacks appropriately it stands summering vacation primer so as to cover the coating material (primer surfacer) of number 2 it is applying the. In contrast, the present invention refers to of the present invention method set down by a single coating, complex geometry of articles, or aesthetically and a preventing activity suitable achieved coating provides make it possible to control whether a. Furthermore, coating method on an as-needed basis and relatively thick film thickness makes it possible to prepare an single operation a.

The present invention refers to method for coating a vehicle components provides, powder coating composition derived from the coating material as number 1 of the present invention method is applied by, then powder topcoat onto the coating is applied.

Aerospace industry may be of the present invention method is applied so that an electric, environment-conforming to a method a geometric structure that of a base on which the film through any one node (in particular aluminum-or an aluminum-mode in which the alloy base material) minimum film comprises, by weight, from uniform coatings is operable to apply the specific group consisting of epoxy region, that.

A welding part and a protrusion part of the present invention method including refrigeration shelf (freezer shelf), wire basket (wire basket) (radiator) and a radiator and which can handle high loadpower and has such as, projection of about half of the over-coating of an article without welding portion and protrusions on the remainder of the article as well as the spin chuck supports and rotates a powder coating provides.

The present invention refers to in particular, wire or sheet metal suitable to the driving direction and speed of a pulverulent material coating, the on a electrical connection and powder coatings of velocity is achieved is the detector detects a progress state of.

Substrate of transitioning a fiberboard (MDF) or plastic article or other being non-electroconductive or almost conductive includes materials void of, a desired other principle can be shape and size.

In addition to MDF, wood, wood products, plastic materials, including plastic materials electrically conductive additive, polyamide, [...] and then plastic materials provides suitable substrates.

Advantageously, before applying a composition substrate chemically or mechanically is cleaned.

The present method the highly conductive, and free from conductive substantially, very an electrically non-conductive substrate, to effective powder coating substrates. Highly conductive and substantially conductive and is electrically isolated from are without when a substrate, having a substrate with a non-conductive very grounded are non-conductive is formed packet is transmitted can be coating.

Usually, during coating method of the present invention enabled to operate close to the loop 1 having one or more features is characterised in that it has a:

(I) coating method is which dimensional 3, can be penetrate into the recess.

(Ii) alignment and spacing applied voltage between flow chamber substrate and a maximum potential difference air or other flow relative to gases is selected to provide a potential difference ionization hereinafter. 1S -16s, 1R-ionization effect or corona-effect is't.

The thickness of the powder coating (iii) applied voltage increases increased. Any thickness increase quality of is accomplished without a reduction in but, smoothness (smoothness) of progressively whether it is possible to loss.

(Iv) can be coating at room temperature.

(V) coating thereof recess, protrusions or on the plane uniformly coating onto the substrate, an application of regardless listened can be.

(Vi) coated smooth edge can be obtained..

(Vii) smoothness and, fitting (pitting) or enormous characteristic (lumpiness) the powder coating good quality in terms of. achieved.

On the substrate voltage (viii) electrostatic friction fluidized bed applied to when compared to method, wide-range and than, which coating, in other words a close contact with each, good coverage more rapidly and as a can be achieved.

A normally (ix) MDF part under storage conditions wherein hygroscopic moisture, moisture surface for human b cell stimulatory factor-the coating satisfactory against including MDF is achieved.

Fiber end portions of (x) MDF't tend occurs.

(Xi) pattern on side based on on side opposite thereof't tend is outputted as it is in the powder.

The present method including plastic substrate an electrically conductive additive, in particular conductive additive from a polyamide for a powder coating effective to is. Electrically plastic substrate is connected to ground, a containing information about the MDF said information fibre-free and moisture requirements are free except that the 2000.

An electrically conductive additive of the present invention method that do not contain an effective to for a powder coating plastic substrate is. Substrate is conductive to. substrate is heated to. Enclosed package during a heating, hereinafter and powder coating temperature of melting point based on glass transition temperature of is is maintained temperature hereinafter. But electrically grounded substrate, electrical connection [substrate is electrically " floating (floating) the, an uncertain substrate potential difference of so that the] can be electrically isolated without.

1 the present invention according to the powder coating composition including one or more film-forming resin to the powdery components are film-forming single or may contain, or one or more said components 2 may include a mixture of.

Film-forming resin (polymer) can for wetting a the pigments is from between pigment particles and the ability capable of providing tensile strength ability to discharge, coupled to substrate moistening the product or substrate with the reel, and an engagement number acts as, applied to a substrate then cured/heating dry (stoving) method by flowing these fused of a uniform film is formed on.

Each powder constituent of the coating of the present invention composition (are) but is usually thermosetting system, (based on polyamide) thermoplastic system. may be used in place.

Thermosetting resin is detected, semicondcutor coupling number 122 thermosetting resin in a liquid state, an solid curing includes number; selectively 2 two co-reactive film-forming thermosetting resin can be used..

The present invention according to each component thermosetting powder coating composition that used for manufacturing (are) film-forming polymer a carboxylic-functional polyester resin, hydroxy-functional polyester resin, epoxy resin and functional acrylic chosen from the group comprising resin is one or more 1.

Constituent of the coating powder of said composition composition for example, for use with polyepoxide curing number carboxylic-functional polyester film-forming resin including semicondcutor coupling. may be based on system number. Said carboxylic-functional polyester is useful in a wide variety of most system determines a current is powder coating materials. 10 to 100 acid value of polyester a subway or a building, number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 10,000 85 °C to 30 °C and (Mn), preferably has a glass transition temperature of at least 40 °C. Polyepoxide for example, low molecular weight epoxy compound [e.g., tree glycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)], bisphenol A or and a light-stable, a glycidyl ether condensation terephthalate diglycidyl epoxy resins can be such compounds. Said carboxylic-functional polyester film-forming resin as tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) oh deep amide and such as bis (β-hydroxyalklyamides) selectively together with a can be used.

Selectively, hydroxy-functional polyester blocked number-curable isocyanate-functional or amine-formaldehyde condensate, for example melamine resins, urea-formaldehyde resin, or a glycol ural formaldehyde resin ["powder [...] (Powderlink) 1174" Cyanamid Company number material] melamine hydroxymethyl hexa or can be use with. Hydroxy-functional polyester for an isocyanate hardener blocked number or may be an internally blocked (uretdione type), or caprolactam blocked may types of isophorone [...].

Furthermore, epoxy resin such as dicyandiamide number-curable-functional amine can be use with. Epoxy resin in a liquid state, an amine-functional instead number-curable, phenolic material may be employed, excess of bisphenol A (i.e., bisphenol A and an epoxy resin by produced phenol) and formed by the reaction of an epichlorohydrin preferably material. Functional acrylic resin (e.g., carboxylic-functional resin, hydroxy-functional resin or an epoxy-functional polymer resin) suitable curing can be use with number.

Film-forming mixing polymers may be employed, carboxylic-functional polyester two polymer are curing bis (β-hydroxyalklyamides) number and curing such as carboxy-functional acrylic resin and [...] can be used. Furthermore, mixing binding number system, carboxy-functional acrylic resin, hydroxy-functional acrylic resin or an epoxy-functional polymer acrylic resin is epoxy resin or polyester resin (carboxylic-functional or hydroxy-functional) can be use with. Co-curing said resin blends are (co-curing) which selected to be rendered, for example carboxy-functional acrylic resin has an epoxy resin co-cured, or carboxylic-functional polyester co-resin and functional acrylic glycidyl-. cured. However, said mixing binding number systems are usually (hydroxy-functional acrylic resin and hydroxy-functional polyester for curing a using isocyanate blocked) is cured by single curing number stable pharmaceutical compositions. Another preferred formulations comprise each a mixture of binders with polymerizable of 2 to binder varies other curing includes the use of a number (for example, amine-the epoxy resin is a resin hardening blocking isocyanate-cured hydroxy-functional acrylic resin use with is).

Referred to may be a film-forming polymers functional fluoropolymer (fluoropolymer), polymer chloro functional fluoropolymer (fluorochloropolymer) and functional fluoropolymer acrylic polymer, each hydroxy-functional or carboxylic-functional-, alone or used as film-forming polymer, or sensory polymer to number 1 with a cured appropriate for the one or more functional acrylic polyesters and/or epoxy resin can be in conjunction with.

Number referred to may be a phenol novolak epoxy are cured and epoxy cresol novolak; an isocyanate hardener blocked by oxime number [e.g., methyl ethyl [...] by blocked Isotypes drawer magnetron diisocyanate, acetone oxime by blocked tetramethylene xylene diisocyanate and methyl ethyl [...] by blocked desamino [...] (Desmodur) W (DC [...] diisocyanate curing number)]; and a light-stable, epoxy resin [e.g., "(Santolink) LSE 120 it buys the toe[...] " Monsanto number]; poly-epoxide group and alicyclic diisocyanates (e.g., Daicel number "EHPE-3150") includes.

Powder for the present invention according to a colorant added coating composition from liberty in the production but, usually one or more 1 said agents containing a (pigments or dyes). Examples of the colorants available inorganic pigments is from (e.g., titanium dioxide, oxide enemy season , hwang season oxide, chromium pigment and carbon black) and organic pigments are (e.g., phthalocyanine, azo, anthraquinone, thioindigo, ISO [...] magnetron, trioxane and quinacridone pigments is from pended tree), bat dye (lakes) rake and acidic pigments is from (vat dye), basic rake and mordant dyes to. Instead or pigment as well as pigment, use can be made of, dyes.

In order to minimize its cost, composition of the present invention (opacity) transparency while useful in that may be used to one or more extender number 1 number or fillers, may include or diluents.

The present invention according to the total weight of powder coating composition number/extender/fill pigment with respect to content number ranges to should it would be (post-mixture of an Image depends on additive):

0 weight % to 55 weight %,

0 weight % to 50 weight %,

10 weight % to 50 weight %,

0 weight % to 45 weight %, and

25 weight % to 45 weight %.

Total pigment in number/fill number/extender content, the pigment content on the whole composition (post-mixture of an Image depends on additive) of 40 weight % hereinafter but will be, 45% weight % weight ratio of 50 or also can be used in addition. When transparency cancerous color 10 weight % hereinafter pigment obtainable by but, usually 25 weight % to 30 weight % or 35% of weight is carried out by using an acidulous pigment content.

(Performance additives) 1 composition of the present invention one or more performance additives, for example flow-promoter (flow-promoting agent), number plasticizer, stabilizer (e.g., UV stabilizers against degradation) or with the release of base (e.g., a) may comprise a, or said not less than 2 at additive can be used. The present invention according to the overall content performance additives of powder coating composition (post-mixing of an Image depends on additive) with respect to ranges should it would be to:

0 weight % to 5 weight %,

0 weight % to 3 weight %, and

1 weight % to 2 weight %.

Usually, colored number, number and said filling number/extender performance the additives are not incorporated by post-mixed but, extrusion or other homogenizing method during and/or prior to. incorporated into.

Of material and then applying the powder coating composition substrate, for continuously coating particles adhesion obtained to the conversion (includes a cured product of the applied composition) a heat treating and/or radiation energy, infrared, ultraviolet or electron beam be heating with radiation.

Applied heat, which is usually powder (heating drying process) is cured and the on a substrate by means of; powder particles flowing melting the composition, and is formed of paint spray. Curing time and temperature a composition used which inter-dependencies are according to formulations, as well as, of the following ranges can be constitution: a hard:

Temperature / °C time

280 to 100^* 10 seconds to 40 ingredient

250 to 150 15 seconds to 30 ingredient

220 to 160 5 minutes to 20 ingredient

^* 90 °C hereinafter some temperature of resin, in particular can be used resin reactor.

The powder coating composition to a disclosure WO 94/11446 1 additive-assisted fluidity of one or more, in particular 1:99 to 99:1, advantageously 10:90 to 90:10, preferably 30:70 to 70:30 or 80:20 to 20:80, for example, in a weight ratio of 55:45 to 45:55 used, aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide post-combination including of the present invention the preferred additive can be incorporated by mixing.. As an additive-mixed after in WO 94/11446 disclosure applying them combination a different one of an inorganic material (e.g., blends including silica) for the present invention also may be used in the embodiment. After-mixed aluminum oxide and silica silicas that can be used alone as an additive is, referred to herein as " material. In combination with and/or aluminum hydroxide and aluminum oxide includes including, after disclosure WO 00/01775 to as an additive-mixed using silica-coated wax may be loaded with. Other suitable after-mixed additive hydrophobic silica, is Wacker-Chemie number HDK H3004 for example. Hydrophobic silica term coupled to the surface a thread diary, such as poly polydimethylsiloxane by introduction of. the sponge silica means a silica modified surface.

Incorporated, together with the small amount of powder coating composition (are) additive-mixed after the overall content of [additive (are) based on the total weight of the free) 0.01 weight % to 10 weight %, preferably 0.1 weight % weight % hereinafter and at least will is in the range of 1.0. Aluminum oxide (and similar additives) as aluminium hydroxide also combination of the weight of the composition without additive 0.25% to 0.75 weight % based on weight, preferably 0.45 weight % to 0.55 weight % are used in a quantity of. it is advantageous. 1 weight % or 2% hereinafter the amount of weight may be used; however, too much use of bit (bit), such as a reduction in transmission efficiency and can occur problems..

Is formed of a box type by term "after-mixed" is used to manufacture a powder coating composition that produces a is an extruded or other homogenizing method after. incorporated additive.

Additive post--blending is of the following dry-mixing the lawsjustice it does and it stands or to either method can be achieved:

A) milling (milling) (tumbling) tumbling chip prior to a method;

B) mill (mill) in method a;

C) milling after introducing a the method (sieving) constitution;

D) "tumbler" or other suitable mixing device mixing in post-manufacturing method; or

E) introducing a fluidised bed method.

Fluidized bed triboelectric powder coating device using in the embodiment and method of the present invention according to various electrode to control powder coating triboelectric fluidized bed including a the device and/or at least two different embodiment consults a drawing will described only:

Figure 1 shows a rod end also including electrode in the form of fluidized bed triboelectric powder coating device (mimetic) is side view,

Figure 2 shows a sheet-like end less than also disclosed for the second electrode is located including of Figure 1 fluidized bed device of-sides,

Figure 3 shows a larger than also disclosed, including of Figure 1 electrode pair sheet end fluidized bed device of-sides,

Also Figure 4 shows a specific geometric form that does not have a shell (shell) fluidized bed including of Figure 1 in the form of electrode device of-sides,

Also Figure 5 shows a shell of rectangular planar, part of device fluidized bed including of Figure 1,

Figure 6 shows a conductive sheet produced from a, in the form of rectangular of Figure 5 is perspective view of the shells,

Figure 7 shows a made from arranged rod also, in the form of rectangular of Figure 5 is perspective view of the shells,

Figure 8 shows a shell of the form of an ellipse also planar, part of device fluidized bed including of Figure 1,

Figure 9 shows a conductive sheet produced from a, of Figure 8 is perspective view of the shells of the form of an ellipse,

Made from arranged rod also Figure 10 shows a, of Figure 8 is perspective view of the shells of the form of an ellipse,

A portion also Figure 11 shows a by sheet that are produced from arranged rod and some of which, of Figure 8 is perspective view of the shells of the form of an ellipse,

A rectangular form having a top portion and a bottom portion also Figure 12 shows a shell of planar, part of device fluidized bed including of Figure 1,

Also Figure 13 shows a a rectangular having a top portion and a bottom portion in the form of shell and a grounded substrate including fluidized bed triboelectric powder coating device side view of is (mimetic),

Figure 14 shows a made from arranged rod also, in the form of rectangular of Figure 12 is perspective view of the shells.

The present of the drawings also 1 consults a surface, fluidized bed triboelectric powder coating device to the base air inlet (2) and a porous air distribution film (3) which has a flow chamber (1) includes, porous air distribution film sub-plenum (4) and the upper flow compartment (5) is divided into in the lateral chamber so disposed. The porous membrane fluidized bed of powder coating composition (3) downward through plenum (4) introduced from the flow the upper part via an air current flowing upwardly compartment (5) is formed in. Particles are powder coating composition as a result of particles of triboelectric action is electrically charged.

Upon operation of the apparatus device, insulation support (7), preferably rigid support is descended down and the substrate (6) is impregnated with fluidized bed is.

A substrate said device (6) adjacent to the end rod in the form of electrically conductive electrodes (9) includes, won (8) voltage during all or part impregnation (deformable voltage won) by electrode (9) is DC voltage is applied to. Drive the discharge lamp, substrate (6) comprises electrical connection is without (electrically "floating" steps), adequate electrical connection instead can be earthed by means of a.

Electrical conductors is described that when a grounded, rather than separated good but the results obtained, as an electrical conductor a greater electrical conductivity but not a substrate having a good results are obtained even for now found that associative thickeners.

Powder coating composition triboelectrically charged particles a substrate (6) the attached to. Ionization effect or corona-effect film transistors are electrically connected to, voltage won (8) supplied by the voltage gives rise to effects hereinafter is maintained at the level required.

Electrode (9) along the substrate (6) door has not shown 1 coating method by temperature sensor during a regular vibration method. can be moved. Selectively, substrate (6) and the electrode (9) the in impregnation intermittent or continuous fluidized bed or the relative, or a total impregnated period and eventual impregnation iteratively until is achieved can be embodiment recovery. Substrate (6) and the electrode (9) can be to maintain the, propeller mixture or fluidized bed the fluidized bed for vibrating the powder parts of soluble is capable of moving the possibilities to.

After impregnated desired, substrate (6) in a dry powder recovered from fluidized bed has attached coating composition to melt the particles is to be coated the intermediate part by fusion is is completed.

Voltage won (8) is a main supply source (mains-powered), the main output voltage is measured (mains earth potential) ground potential.

A are described which in the embodiment of the present invention method are, Nordson Corporation or flow chamber of cubic 1 fluidized unit is also shown in Figure 1 to 3 which is obtained by using a device, specified powder and the substrate is embodiment adjusts the weight of.

In all in the embodiment, powder coating composition was represented by using an agent that:

Parts by weight

Rutile titanium dioxide (rutile) 321

Filling number 107 [(Dolomite) dolomite]

Carboxylic acid-functional polyester resin 374

Epoxy resin curing number 152

Catalyst 30

Wax 3

Number 10 modified flow

3 a

And, post-mixing is used for the additive formulations used to produce a was and using:

1 additive formulations

Aluminum oxide [ free use C aluminium oxide (Degussa)]-45 parts by weight

Aluminum hydroxide [(Martinal) OL107C edge [...] ]-55 parts by weight

All except for in the embodiment 9A embodiment used for, and having particle size distribution of powder coating systems as, easy to the (PSD):

d (v)₉₉ (micro m) 54.18

d (v)₅₀ (micro m) 20.77

<10 micro m 16.83%

<5% m 4.96 micro

In the embodiment 1A

General as to working conditions:

-350 kilogram powder in weight loaded to (bed) layer

Fluidized free for leveling layer -1 bar (bar) 30 ingredient in time

Fluidized pressure -1 bar

Attached in -120 °C and cured printing standard material 30 ingredient

Coating prior to disclosure, having a powder 1 additive formulations of 0.6% 1 bar in flow and then 30 minutes, the coating material 30 to 120 °C the heating minutes. Attached for measuring the width of the structured coating was monitored result the coating.

Device 1 also shown in (electrode diameter in cylindrical rod 55 centimeter by 1 centimeter and length) the first voice portion out of an. The aluminum panel 80 centimeter × 60 centimeter × 2 millimeter dimension substrate (panel) power is fed, greater than electrode rod-aluminum panel. Rod electrode aluminum panel is arranged substantially at the center.

Disclosure listed in tables so that individual asset which is marked as a chemical result is:

In the embodiment 1B

Substrate dimension is 65 centimeter × 38 centimeter × 2 centimeter in plywood board. Approximately laminated electrode rod centrally disposed within. Conditions are in the embodiment 1A conditions, such implying, result which is marked as a chemical listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

In the embodiment 1B and in the embodiment 1A the grand bar has a cylindrical used in powder coating compositions ionisation or corona conditions to induce too large diameter (1 centimeter) a massage cream, an essence, having, ionisation or corona conditions so as not to for shielding the edge by insulating tape.

Maximum-in potential in the embodiment 1B and in the embodiment 1A used in 0.5 kV/cm (one which is to be a root applied 6 kV 12 centimeter intervals) is, air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 2A

Also 2 reference to an surface, a substrate device (6) is provided proximate to, end panel (panel) in the form electrically conductive electrodes (29) includes, won (8) voltage during all or part impregnation (deformable voltage won) by electrode (29) is DC voltage is applied to. Drive the discharge lamp, substrate (6) comprises electrical connection without (electrically "floating" steps), adequate electrical connections instead can be earthed by means of a.

Also device shown in 2 (electrode 30 centimeter × 20 centimeter × 2 millimeter by aluminum panel has a) the first voice portion out of an. Substrate used in the in the embodiment 1A, greater than panel dimension the aluminum panel was 80 centimeter × 60 centimeter × 2 millimeter. Panel aluminum base panel approximately centrally disposed within. Lubricious, the surface of the electrode panel, panel electrode ionisation or corona conditions the diffracts incident light so as not to insulating tape.

Work conditions are said in the embodiment 1A such as implying, result which is marked as a chemical listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

In the embodiment 2B

Used in said in the embodiment 1B substrate was laminated 65 centimeter × 38 centimeter × 2 centimeter. Panel the plywood approximately centrally disposed within. Conditions are said in the embodiment 1A such as implying, results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

Maximum-in potential in the embodiment 2B and in the embodiment 2A used in 0.5 kV/cm (one which is to be a root applied 6 kV 12 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 3A

The present in the embodiment in, 10 centimeter 2 of panel electrode arranged between them, arranged serially the interval. Separate high voltage dc, such voltages to the electrodes is then formed into the panel power adaptation. 2-electrode arrangement onto the aluminium-based panel has been a centrally-placed, impregnated fluidised bed a visitor is checked through a combination assembly (assembly). Lubricious, the surface of the electrode panel, ionisation or corona conditions so as not to panel edge of the insulating tape diffracts incident light.

Work conditions are said in the embodiment 1A as as.

The electrodes which are provided with many result according to method coating from the center of base panel can be created area shows over that, multi-electrode effects of which is marked as a chemical listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

Comparable conditions, in the embodiment 2A band coating in 66 centimeter width to suitably band and coating in 47 centimeter width compares a.

In the embodiment 3B

Used in said in the embodiment 1B substrate was laminated 65 centimeter × 38 centimeter × 2 centimeter dimension. Such as the panel in the embodiment 3A constitution: and is disposed relative to the plywood. Conditions are said in the embodiment 1A such as implying, results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

Comparable conditions, in the embodiment 2B band coating in 59 centimeter width to suitably band and coating in 50 centimeter width compares a. Said is provided to in the embodiment 3A as described, the electrodes which are provided with many result according to method area coating from the center of base panel sense that is likely to be generated it is shown..

2 using panel of said in the embodiment 3A and in the embodiment 3B has interlayer dielectric including the first metal layer of the bands and coating is performed in single-panel by the electrodes further coating than what is available show valid.

Maximum-in potential in the embodiment 3B and in the embodiment 3A used in 0.5 kV/cm (one which is to be a root applied 6 kV 12 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 4

In the embodiment 4 in, having different polarities corresponding advertisement based on the shown list using panel, plywood the same set of the substrate is arranged over a ground plane. 1 means of two electrodes + 6 kV voltage is applied, he applying a predetermined voltage range of -6 kV the other electrode. Of 12 centimeter from plywood only at the portion with and placing electrode position, visitor is checked through a impregnating a electrodes and plywood fluidised bed. The etchant according the a massage cream, an essence, 10 min, 2 is provided with two band-(1 two the width of 32 centimeter is, other 1 two the width of 21 centimeter and, the uncoated strip (strip) 7 centimeter between the band by width) to a coated. Lubricious, the surface of the panel, panel of ionization or corona conditions so as not to for shielding the edge electrode the panel with insulating tape.

Two electrodes 2 relate embodiment based on the number of input pixels are not coated part show that.

Used for maximum-in potential embodiment 0.5 kV/cm (one which is to be a root applied 6 kV 12 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 5A

Also 3 shown in been used for arrays the present embodiment, substrate (6) greater than plate electrode (39, 49) the use of, plate electrode (49) for number 2 high voltage won (22) visitor is checked through a pressure household by. Lubricious, the surface of the electrode plate, corona or of ionization panel so as not to conditions for shielding the edge electrode the panel with insulating tape.

The present embodiment throw, said powder formulations at a pressure bar 1 350 kilogram of 1 cubic meter fluidised bed the fluidized, 2 of plate electrode fluidize a 1.2 m × 0.8 m ×2 millimeter of the immersed powder. Each plate from an electrode 30 centimeter × 30 centimeter × 2 millimeter aluminum panel substrates 25 centimeter, the disposed between plate electrode, was grounded. Hereinafter to an established electrode voltage translations and dipped into the plating solution 5 minutes in the presence of substrate, coating a substrate having in 200 °C heating the 15 minutes. Top and bottom if the total amount of substrate cover factor it was determined that and film thickness.

Results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

Electrode voltage should be noted that the results of in the embodiment 5A in such a case is attached of the black box of automobile panel substrates show that such rate. However, if the voltage, high voltage electrode in a face-to-face panel substrates is be preferentially coating side. Speed difference coating on surfaces two based on voltage difference between the electrodes for the color temperature. by increasing the.

0.16 kV/cm-in potential in the embodiment 5A maximum used in (one which is to be a root applied 4 kV 25 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 5B

Door has in the embodiment 5B 3 arranged as shown in device using been embodiment, height 15 centimeter and diameter 25 centimeter having-cylindrical chamber of by cylinder to have unit fluidized Nordson Corporation number. MDF board 10 centimeter square substrate is in 2 centimeter and thickness. The amount of powder used to the typical 500 g, the flow chamber is in the embodiment 5A approach as is employed for is smaller than that of the do. The etchant according the 2 was ingredient. Results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

In the embodiment 6A

The present embodiment used for a device used in a device, such as but said in the embodiment 5A, plate electrode from panel substrates (1) the distance various corresponding advertisement based on the shown list, from and plate electrode (2) was are fixed distance. Provides as substrates aluminum panel. Results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

In the embodiment 6B

The present embodiment used for a device used in a device, such as but said in the embodiment 6A, plate electrode from panel substrates (1) the distance various corresponding advertisement based on the shown list, from and plate electrode (2) was are fixed distance (stage, electrode (2) for greater than in in the embodiment 6A interval). Provides as substrates aluminum panel. Results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

The results of the electrode in the embodiment 6B and in the embodiment 6A (1) since the various interval between and the substrate, based on it against a substrate aluminum panel method and apparatus for coating of black box of automobile is affected rate show that. Electrode (1) of the substrate which in a face-to-face from and speed of a coating on a surface electrode (1) by enlarging the distance signal of the falling part or the implying the present invention, on the surface of cover factor comparable amount of "interval pair (spacing pairs)" and, other "interval pair" relatively've had. Furthermore, said aluminum plate based on a desired result on the other side other disclosed coating speed and other disclosed coating thickness is achieved show is that.

Maximum use in in the embodiment 6B and in the embodiment 6A 0.18 kV/cm-in potential (one which is to be a root applied 3 kV 17 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 7A

The device used in the in the embodiment 5A used for corresponding advertisement based on the shown embodiment, two electrodes 2 opposite voltage applied to a massage cream, an essence, with polarising characteristics, in addition, while various, electrodes and between substrates distance forms a corresponding advertisement based on the shown list (25 centimeter), change not been provided for. Work conditions are such as implying in the embodiment 5A, provides aluminum panel as substrates. Results are a listed in tables so that individual asset is disclosure:

Results are in said aluminum panel substrates, the first electrode are similar polarities opposite polarity than when expansion forces are applied to the electrode substrate of the black box of automobile that less and large in number, the speed coating show. said non-equal results, very small coating speed. applicable environment as a response of the request.

Maximum-in potential in the embodiment 7A use in 0.2 kV/cm (one which is to be a root applied 5 kV 25 centimeter intervals) power is fed, the air by the potential difference of ionizing cm/30 kV is hereinafter, powder coating composition electrode function as a processing liquid or an antistatic ionization is hereinafter the potential difference.

In the embodiment 7B

A height-in the embodiment 7B 15 centimeter and diameter 25 centimeter having-cylindrical chamber of fluidized unit using Nordson Corporation number, arranged such as a in Figure 3 using performed for all the device. MDF board of 10 centimeter square substrate is 2 centimeter and thickness. In the embodiment 7A use in fluidized chamber because less than, powder is used in an amount of 500 g was. The etchant according the 2 was ingredient. Disclosure listed in tables so that individual asset which is marked as a chemical result is:

Aluminum base material and, the efficiency of adhesion split off to lower the, opposite a controller causes the vehicle door chloride each other when cancellation portion, in the embodiment 7A when compared to result obtained in, MDF substrate coating to deal with very high by been velocity is achieved. MDF electric fields vary greatly on aluminum allows a reference above traveling vehicle, where occurrence of a which differs in MDF is extended in.

In the embodiment 8A

In the embodiment 1A to working conditions and flow chamber the present embodiment but using throw, and 5 centimeter diameter substrate, is 25 centimeter length of aluminum cylindrical hollow (hollow) was an open end. Electrode 2 a is arranged at a distance 50 centimeter two electrodes was 1.2 m×0.8 m.

2 cylindrical substrate won of impregnating the fluidised bed between the electrodes, 5 minutes he applying a predetermined voltage range of 3 kV to each electrode.

Hollow cylindrical substrate is coated evenly external phase is perfectly suitable for it, the internal phase 7 centimeter from an open end and extends only coating. The remainder of the interior surface of remains without was coated.

In the embodiment 8B

Flow chamber, hollow cylindrical substrate and using operating conditions but in the embodiment 8A, 2 of hollow cylindrical electrodes inserted into central based on function of replacing at least one of a single rod electrode, he applying 3 kV electrode rod 5 minutes. Hollow cylindrical substrate an internally the cooking device is designed to uniformly and completely coated with been it.

In the embodiment 9A

Height 25 centimeter and diameter 15 centimeter in-cylindrical chamber fluidized unit using Nordson Corporation number having, as shown in 3 also arranged in the embodiment 9A performed using device. A cubic substrate 10 centimeter and thickness was of aluminum 2 centimeter.

The amount of powder was 300 g. Powder, and having particle size distribution of the, easy to equal (PSD):

d (v)₉₉ (micro m) 10

d (v)₅₀ (micro m) 5.5

M 42 micro < 5%

Of the following additive spin coating, .part by weight the amount all:

15 parts by weight aluminum oxide

Aluminum hydroxide 45 parts by weight

Silica 40 parts by weight

Silica hydrophobic defined said. positive photosensitive anionic silica.

Complicating the structure of the additive, based on the total weight of the additive and the quantity of the 2% weight approaches the post-mixed of the powder by 300 g, are added to the, mixture tumble mixed 30 minutes. Mixture flow chamber in which the flow has been.

2 fluidized bed of electrodes 10 centimeter square of 6 centimeter by a central server 13 the, 3 kV applying 2 minutes between two electrodes 2 an aluminum phosphate based are formed with a non-photosensitivity visitor is checked through a 10 centimeter the ground weave per square inch.

Coated and entire substrate, the coating along an edge of thick in "electrophotographic frame (picture frame)" been it effect.

In the embodiment 9B

In in the embodiment 9B, in the embodiment 9A flow chamber flowed in PTFE thickness of 2 millimeter around the inner wall of a side of the duct of the flow chamber was electrically isolating the wall.

The process such as in the embodiment 9A embodiment. Any substrate without thickening, i.e. "electrophotographic frame" effect uniformly edge surface and without (100%)it has been found that the coated.

And a wall edge of the substrate in the embodiment 9B and in the embodiment 9A receiving waves of close flow-based coating when is conductive wall chamber are shown to influence the.. The effect is conductive wall electric field close to the wall the boundary variations of the. cause coating. Flow chamber by insulating wall of a reactive force is by electric field to the electrode to are molded exclusion, in this case consisting of very uniform coating, in other words a.

Based on slightly thick along the edge coating emits the light from a light source and, if desired determined and desired signal to are converted into heat and if the, conductive or insulating flow chamber present in or the availability for including device.

The composite electrode from electrodes disclosure to said in the embodiment can be produced.

A composite electrode arrangement the aid of an insulating material are separated from one another by an, each electrode to other voltage is applied including a plurality of panel. Panel by means of a voltage applied to a desired according to the result of, voltage to ultra. surface may be in the range of several kilovolts. Any on the edges of the suitcase shells panel insulative material parameters corona condition or antistatic is arranged to prevent, without said edge charged or corona conditions that are necessary to permit a can be coated with an insulating tape. Composite electrode of one or more 1 (not the whole) is the ground panel of.

Selective, complex electrode arrangement is electrodes plurality of panels, is an additional insulation panel in a substantially contiguous are housed in overlapping manner in a without. Corona-charging or post of panel so as not to conditions for shielding edge, between the electrodes and panel even if there is a mechanical contact with electrical contact for protection against can be material is insulating. Several bolt to several kilovolts at a desired voltage applied to panel according to the result of can. Composite electrode of one or more 1 (not the whole) panel of. grounded electrodes.

Composite electrode and reduces the thickness of the edge of the substrate a coating to obtain the, specific coating on the substrate that are produced by method with the content is to be. in is desirable.

A rod electrode in the embodiment 1B and in the embodiment 1A disclosure to a planar substrate or slightly bent a base material-coating may be used; however, in the embodiment 8B electrode disclosure to part when the male part is inserted a recess formed by the recess within the porous base material in particular coating and down. Well as, a concave portion that the is open or, or all sides are closed is a recessed section.

Said in the embodiment are deformed such electrodes disclosure to, substrate, in particular on a non-plate forming a shell, shell provides the substrate with resistance signature lies partly or fully holds a.

On a shell electrode (are) to develop an a mesh to form a groove or electrodes selectively step or tie together the inboard, plurality of plates electrode or plate it is ease for the electrode a large on all sides including the method to increase the number of electrode can be performed by.

Also refers to surface 4, in Figure 1 such as a, fluidized bed triboelectric powder coating device to the base air inlet (2) and a, lower plenum (4) and the upper flow compartment (5) is displaced transversely of the chamber to separate porous air distribution film (3) which has a flow chamber (1) includes. The porous membrane fluidized bed of powder coating composition (3) downward through plenum (4) enters from the in the case of a failure up-flow stream the upper part via a flow compartment (5) is formed in. Particles are powder coating composition as a result of particles of triboelectric action is electrically charged.

Device of in operation, insulation support (7), preferably a base material-floating from a rigid support (6) is impregnated with fluidized bed is.

A substrate said device (6) surrounding a certain form and-free electrically conductive electrodes (59) includes, impregnated during or all variable voltage cause voltage won (8) by electrode (59) is DC voltage is applied to. Drive the discharge lamp, substrate (6) converts the electric connection without (is electrically "floating"), adequate electrical connections instead can be earthed by means of a.

Also 5 refers to surface, rectangular substrate (6) including device is to coat electrodes for number 1 portion (21a) and number 2 portion (21b) having includes shell of a rectangular form. As may be found in drawing, shell a substrate (6) of deposited without substrate (6) closely perpendicularly to is provided. It does not is shown in a drawing, shell of the substrate does not coating bottom portions of the. Shells are embodied in such a way as is shown substrate (6) in a face-to-face to four sides of inner surface of two has 4. Number 1 of the shells portion (21a) the number 1 power (8) is connected with the, number 2 of the shells portion (21b) the number 2 power (22) is connected to. Number 1 of the shells portion (21a) and number 2 portion (21b) which the gaps, as a result constitution: are electrically isolated from each other. Substrate (6) and is electrically isolated from the.

Also 6 with a, rectangular which road perspective view of which is shown, the present when a gap between the number 1 portion (121a) and number 2 portion (121b) is on rod including a.

Also 7 with a, road perspective view again in the form of a rectangular is shown is on rod-shell, a gap between the number 1 portion (221a) and number 2 portion (221b) includes.

Also 8 with a, a rectangular substrate in the form of a device (6) surrounding the includes shell of the form of an ellipse. Portion number 1 of which the form of an ellipse (321a) and number 2 portion (321b) includes, as shown in drawing substrate (6) of deposited without substrate (6) surrounding the. It does not is shown in a drawing, shell a substrate (6) does not bottom part of the coating. Portion number 1 of the shells (321a) the number 1 power (8) is connected with the, portion number 2 of the shells (321b) the number 2 power (22) is connected to. Portion number 1 of the shells (321a) and number 2 portion (321b) gap between the and, the part of shell as a result of gap constitution: are electrically isolated from each other.

Also refers to surface 9, the form of an ellipse which road perspective view of which is shown, the present when a gap between the portion number 1 (421a) and number 2 portion (421b) including a, . fabricated from a sheet material.

Also 10 with a, road perspective view again shell of the form of an ellipse a is shown another form of is on rod, one-part (521) includes.

Also 11 with a, perspective view of the form of an ellipse a is shown road further alternatively of the shells form of sheet material original region (621a) and a rod which is formed by the arrangement region (621b) is single slice of including a.

Also refers to surface 12, a device number 1 portion (721a) and number 2 portion (721b) includes including a shell of rectangular, said shells are embodied in such a way as is shown substrate (6) of deposited a substrate (6) surrounding the. Substrate (6) is a rectangular has. It does not is shown, substrate in addition shells are embodied in such a way (6) bottom of also coating of wet liquid to flow down. Portion number 1 of the shells (721a) the number 1 power (8) is connected with the, portion number 2 of the shells (721b) the number 2 power (22) is connected to. Portion number 1 of the shells (721a) and number 2 portion (721b) which the gaps, of the shells by a gap portion is electrically isolated from each other.

Also 13 with a, substrate (6) the is grounded, and then the, substrate and (6) of a top side and a bottom side (721a, 721b). provide a shell consisting of.

Also refers to surface 14, from an alternative shell in the form of rectangular form which is shown road perspective view, is produced from the arranged a rod to a a case of a, shell, which is usually based on number 1 for coating top side and a bottom side portion (821a) and number 2 portion (821b) includes.

Flow chamber (1) or partially all are electrically conductive and, in this case be applied to potential is flow chamber.

Specific geometric shells are embodied in such a way WIPO have a shape. Cell during use substrate is all or partially includes matched to that of the hole (cavity). Bounds hole along outer based on't need according but.

All said in disposition to engage electrode (are) and the substrate that the gaps understood and.