СПОСОБ, УСТРОЙСТВО И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДАЧЕЙ ВДЫХАЕМОГО КИСЛОРОДА

Method and apparatus for estimation of respiratory exchange ratio

CARBON DIOXIDE DETECTION

System,method and device for predicting sudden cardiac death risk

A system and method for predicting sudden cardiac death. The system includes a patient monitoring station, a Holter analysis workstation, and a hospital information network. The Holter analysis workstation being operative to apply a plurality of data analysis algorithms to create a sudden cardiac death report. The method applies a first data analysis technique and a second data analysis technique to electrocardiographic data to produce an indication of sudden cardiac death risk.

Improvements in and relating to breath measurement

Respiratory mask with gas monitoring port spaced from gas inlet port

A respiratory mask 10 for delivering inspiratory gas to a wearer, the mask comprising a mask body 12 shaped to define a cavity adapted to fit about the mouth and nose of the patient, wherein the mask body comprises a nose cavity portion 18 and a mouth cavity portion 16, the nose cavity portion comprising an gas inlet port 26 and a expiratory gas monitoring port 34 located in the mouth cavity portion, spaced from the inlet port. The exhaled gas monitoring port may comprise an integral connector for a monitoring line and may be used to monitor carbon dioxide levels. The gas monitoring port is located at the intersection of exhaled nasal and oral gases to improve reliability of readings.

Gas sensor

Integrated portable medical diagnostic system

Integrated portable medical diagnostic system

MONITOR FOR FAN

DEVICE FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE HÄMODYNAMI CONDITION OF A PERSON OF MEANS HEART LUNG INTERACTION

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE EVALUATION OF SPIROGRAPHIEUND GAS EXCHANGE DATA

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF COMPONENTS IN OF HUMANS OF BREATHED OUT AIR

DEVICE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT IN BREATHED OUT BREATHING AIR

NICHTINVASIVE REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT, PULMONAREN FLOW OF BLOOD AND BLOOD GAS CONTENT

Analysis method for determining a functional parameter of an organ using preferably an aqueous 13C methacetin solution

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF FLUX OF GASES IN THE LUNGS DURING BREATHING

Patient monitoring system

Isotopic gas analyzer

A stable isotope measurement method for spectrometrically analyzing an isotopic gas and method of judging absorption capacity of carbon dioxide absorbent

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING RESPIRATORY GASES DURING ANESTHESIA

FILTER SELECTION AND GAS CONCENTRATION COMPUTATION FOR SHUTTERLESS OPTICALLY STABILIZED CAPNOGRAPH

Non-invasive method for optimizing the respiration of atelectatic lungs

METHOD FOR SPECTROMETRICALLY MEASURING ISOTOPIC GAS AND APPARATUS THEREOF

A correction curve is prepared by plotting 1X02 concentrations and 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratios which are determined on the basis of a calibration curve and 13CO2 and 12CO2 absorbances of gaseous samples having the same 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratio but known different 12CO2 concentrations. A gaseous teat ample containing 13CO2 and 12CO2 as component gases is introduced into a cell, and spectrometrically measured. A 12CO2 concentration of the gaseous test sample is determined by way of the spectrometric measurement. A concentration ratio correction value is obtained on the basis of the correction curve and the 12CO2 concentration of the gaseous test sample thus determined. A measured 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratio is divided by the concentration ratio correction value thus obtained for correction of the 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratio. Thus, the measurement accuracy of the concentration ratios of the component gases can be improved.

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR ACTIVE OR PASSIVE SUBJECTS

A method and an apparatus for controlling a ventilator to automatically adjust ventilation assistance to an active or passive subject. The method includes determining volume and flow rate of gas to the patient during inspiration on an ongoing basis, and generating control signals in proportion to the volume and flow rate of gas to the patient wherein proportionality factors, and support levels for the elastic and resistive components of pressure are automatically adjusted by the ventilator. The ongoing pressure applied by the ventilator is a sum of elastic and resistive pressures that are automatically controlled by the system. When the patient breathes spontaneously, the support levels are automatically adjusted based on the patient's requirements. If the patient does not breathe spontaneously, the ventilator provides ventilation at an optimal level and rate. The method may be used in weaning or in a management phase of ventilation.

A NON-INVASIVE METHOD FOR ASSESSING TISSUE PERFUSION IN A PATIENT

The present invention pertains to a non-invasive way of assessing tissue perfusion in a patient, especially for treatment follow-up and prognosis of septic shock. More specifically, tissue perfusion is assessed by measuring the cutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide of said patient, for example at ear lobe with a PCO2 sensor which is not heated at a temperature superior to 37.5°C, and by calculating the difference between said cutaneous PCO2 and either the arterial or the end-tidal partial pressure of CO2. A device for performing a continuous non-invasive perfusion follow-up is also part of the invention.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LIVER PERFORMANCE OF A LIVING ORGANISM BY THE MEANS OF QUANTITATIVE MEASURING THE METABOLIZATION OF SUBSTRATES

The present invention relates to a method for determining the liver performance of a living organism, in particular a human, comprising administering at least one 13C labelled substrate, which is converted by the liver by releasing at least one 13C labelled metabolization product, and determining the amount of the at least one 13C labelled metabolization product in the exhalation air over a definite time interval by the means of at least one measuring device with at least one evaluation unit. Using this method, it is possible to describe the measured initial increase of the amount of the at least one 13C labelled metabolization product in the exhalation air using a differential equation of first order and to determine a value A max (DOB max) and a time constant tau of the increase of the amount of 13C labelled metabolization product from the solution of the differential equation of first order.

GAS MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASURING OF THE CO2 CONTENT IN RESPIRATORY GASES

This invention relates to a gas measuring apparatus and method based on infrared absorption and for measuring the CO2 content in respiratory gas. A method of continually measuring the content of CO2 in respiratory gas, wherein a detector is irradiated by an infrared source via a cyclical respiratory gas flow. Measurement values are continually derived from said detector for both the inhalation and the exhalation phases under the control of respiratory phase detecting means, and these values are divided one by another in calculating means to give a resultant indicating approximately the CO2 content.

TESTING FOR NEUROVASCULAR UNCOUPLING IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS USING SEQUENTIAL GAS DELIVERY VERSUS FIXED INSPIRED CO2

An apparatus and method for assessing vascular compliance in subjects with multiple sclerosis using sequential gas delivery is provided. The apparatus includes a gas delivery device and a processor. The processor controls the gas delivery device to deliver a first and second gas during a single inspiration. The first gas contains a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide necessary to target an end-tidal concentration of the two gases. The second gas includes a concentration of carbon dioxide equal to the target end-tidal concentration of carbon dioxide.

DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING AND ANALYZING VAPOR CONDENSATE, PARTICULARLY EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE, AS WELL AS METHOD OF USING THE SAME

The present invention is related to the field of bio/chemical sensing, assays and applications. Particularly, the present invention is related to collecting a small amount of a vapor condensate sample (e.g. the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from a subject of a volume as small as 10 fL (femto-Liter) in a single drop), preventing or significantly reducing an evaporation of the collected vapor condensate sample, analyzing the sample, analyzing the sample by mobile- phone, and performing such collection and analysis by a person without any professionals.

NON-INVASIVE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS

AIRWAY OXYGENATOR

An airway device for use with deep sedation has a pair of conduits, one to supply oxygenated gas and the other to extract exhaled gas. The conduits are encompassed in a permeable sleeve with a stylet to facilitate positioning of the device in the airway.

DETECTION OF RATE CHANGES IN SYSTEMATIC OSCILLATIONS OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS BY MONITORING ISOTOPE RATIOS

CONFIGURABLE, PORTABLE PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM

A system for patient monitoring includes a plurality of components including a monitor and display assembly, optional stand-alone displays, optional stand-alone monitors, one or more modules, and at least one patient parameter measuring device. The display includes a flat glass front with a blackened border that appears continuous but allows the passage of light during alarm situations. The display functions as a touchscreen and includes a portion for alarm volume control. The system also includes a docking station for the monitor and display assembly and capnography and/or multigas pods for attachment to the monitor and display assembly. The monitor and display assembly, docking station, and pods enhance portability of the system. The monitor and display assembly, module(s), and patient parameter measuring device(s) are all interconnected via Dual Serial Bus (DSB) interfaces.

BREATH TEST SYSTEM

The invention relates to a breath test system that is unobtrusive in that it does not require a person subjected to the system to take any other action to breath. It comprises a sensor unit (5) configured to sense the presence or concentration of a volatile substance, present in air flowing through a predefined inlet area (4), and to generate a signal corresponding to the concentration of said substance. There is also provided an apparatus (2, 3) configured to detect the presence of a person at a position in the vicinity of said input area, and having means for registering said presence, and further configured to respond to said presence by delivering an output. This said apparatus includes a unit configured to call for immediate attention of said person, upon said registration of the presence of said person, and a unit configured to provide instructions to said person to direct an expiratory air flow towards said inlet area (4). An analyzer (10) for the determination of breath substance ...

PORTABLE CARBON DIOXIDE MONITOR

A CO2 monitor which has a reusable portion and a disposable portion is disclosed. The disposable portion includes an airway sensor for connecting between a ventilator output and an endotracheal tube. The airway sensor has ports on opposite sides. In one port a disposable infrared light source is inserted with wire contacts extending to the exterior of the airway sensor body. The reusable portion is a detector module which includes a detector and an amplifier. The detector module attaches to the airway sensor so that the detector is disposed in the second port and so that contacts in the detector module communicate with the wire contacts of the light source. The detector module may be removed from the airway sensor without removing the light source from the airway sensor.

METHOD FOR SPECTROMETRICALLY MEASURING ISOTOPIC GAS AND APPARATUS THEREOF

A correction curve is prepared by plotting 12CO2 concentrations and 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratios which are determined on the basis of a calibration curve and 13CO2 and 12CO2 absorbances of gaseous samples having the same 13O2/12CO2 concentration ratio but known different 12CO2 concentrations. A gaseous test sample containing 13CO2 and 12CO2 as component gases is introduced into a cell, and spectrometrically measured. A 12CO2 concentration of the gaseous test sample is determined by way of the spectrometric measurement. A concentration ratio correction value is obtained on the basis of the correction curve and the 12CO2 concentration of the gaseous test sample thus determined. A measured 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratio is divide d by the concentration ratio correction value thus obtained for correction of the 13CO2/12CO2 concentration ratio. Thus, the measurement accuracy of the concentration ratios of the component gases can be improved.

Ventilator and method for controlling ventilator.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Beatmungsgerät (15), das mit einer Sensorik (30) sowie mit einer Steuerung (24) verbunden ist, wobei die Sensorik (30) zur Erfassung von zumindest zwei Messdaten (31) sowie zum Übertragen der erfassten Messdaten (31) an das Beatmungsgerät (15) oder das Steuerlogikmodul (25) ausgebildet ist. Weiters ist die Steuerung (24) mit zumindest einer Anzeigeeinrichtung (35) verbunden, wobei die zumindest eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (35) einen konfiguralen Bildschirm (33) umfasst. Die Steuerung (24) ist zur Bereitstellung von Anzeigedaten (62, 65) auf Basis der erfassten Messdaten (31) ausgebildet, welche auf einer ersten Grafikeinheit (29) auf der zumindest einen Anzeigeeinrichtung (35) einblendbar sind. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines Beatmungsgeräts (15).

Respiratory training apparatus.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird ein Atemtrainingsgerät zur Verfügung gestellt, welches eine Luftführungsanordnung mit einem Mundstück (21) und einem an das Mundstück anschliessenden, verzweigten Luftkanal beinhaltet. Dieser bildet einen Mundstück-Ast (11), an dem das Mundstück angebracht ist, einen ersten Ast (12) und einen zweiten Ast (13) aus. Der erste Ast (12) weist eine Ein-/Austrittsöffnung (45) auf und dient dem Eintritt von frischer Luft und der Abgabe verbrauchter Luft. Der zweite Ast (13) weist einen flexiblen Luftbehälter (31), beispielsweise einen flexiblen Luftbeutel, auf, welcher dem Speichern von ausgeatmeter Luft zwecks erneutem Einatmen dieser durch den Benutzer dient. Das Gerät weist ein erstes elektrisch angesteuertes Ventil (41) und ein zweites elektrisch angesteuertes Ventil (42) auf, wobei das erste und das zweite Ventil so angeordnet sind, dass der Luftweg zwischen dem Mundstück (21) und der Ein-/Austrittsöffnung (45) sowie der Luftweg zwischen dem Mundstück (21) und dem ...

PORTABLE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITION OF INHALED AND EXHALED AIR SUBJECT

ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И МЕТОД ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОБНОГО ГАЗА ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ИНФРАКРАСНОЙ АБСОРБЦИОННОЙ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ

Изобретение относится к измерительному устройству и методу исследования пробного газа при помощи инфракрасной абсорбционной спектроскопии. Измерительное устройство имеет измерительную камеру (2) с исследуемым пробным газом, лазер (1), который размещен относительно измерительной камеры (2) таким образом, что излучаемый лазером свет пронизывает измерительную камеру (2), детектирующее устройство (61), которое фиксирует излучаемый лазером (1) и пронизывающий измерительную камеру (2) свет, и блок обработки результатов (8), который анализирует сформированные детектирующим устройством (61) сигналы в отношении произошедшего в измерительной камере (2) поглощения света. Предусмотрено, что лазер (1) является лазером с узкополосным излучением, ширина спектральной линии которого меньше или равна ширине измеряемой линии инфракрасного спектра поглощения пробного газа, лазер (1) выполнен и настроен таким образом, чтобы частота лазера периодически изменялась в пределах определенной области спектра, причем ...

METHOD OF DETERMINING FUNCTIONAL STATE OF LIVER LIVING BEING BY QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF METABOLIZE SUBSTRATES

System and method for determining one or more breathing parameters of a subject

A system is configured to determine one or more breathing parameters of a subject, such as one or both of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and/or breath rate. The system is configured to make a plurality of preliminary determinations of an individual breathing parameter according to a plurality of different algorithms. A final determination of the breathing parameter is obtained by selecting one of the preliminary determinations based on therapy parameters, gas parameters, and/or other parameters that impact the accuracy and/or precision of the different algorithms.

Patient interface with respiratory gas measurement component

A patient interface assembly for use with gas monitoring. The patient interface includes a mask shell having a portion that seals against the face of a patient and a mask attachment coupled to an opening of the shell. The mask attachment has a mask connection section coupled to the opening of the shell, an airway adapter section that serves as a gas measurement site for use in measuring a respiratory variable, and a breathing system connection section adapted to be coupled to a to a patient circuit. The gas measurement site, which includes a window, may be disposed on the conduit, the shell, or both. An access port, defined in the mask, the mask attachment, or both permits a sampling tube to be placed in fluid communication with an airway of a patient.

Apparatus for the measurement of the carbon quantity of dioxide contained in the expired air

PROCESS AND Surveillance device Of a PATIENT, During the ANAESTHESIA, AND OF DETERMINATION Of an EFFECT COMBINE OF SEVERAL ANAESTHETIC

VENTILATION APPARATUS FOR CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION WITH DISPLAY OF THE TRENDED CO2

NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY FOR CAPNOGRAPHY SECONDARY FLOW

Canule nasopharyngée (1) comprenant un corps (2) formé d'une portion tubulaire (4) incurvée pour être insérée dans une narine d'un patient et d'une collerette (3) apte à reposer sur la base de la narine du patient, la canule (1) comprenant un conduit principal (5) formant un passage de fluide entre la collerette (3) et la portion tubulaire (4) du corps (2), et deux conduits auxiliaires (6, 7) formés dans le corps (2) et s'étendant de la collerette (3) jusque dans le conduit principal (5). Chaque conduit auxiliaire (6, 7) débouche dans la collerette (3) sur un orifice d'entrée/sortie (64, 74) orienté selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe (II-II') du conduit principal (5) de manière à être orienté latéralement de part d'autre de la narine du patient lorsque la canule (1) est installée sur le patient.

NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY FOR CAPNOGRAPHY IN SECONDARY FLOW

A breath sampling bag and a gas measuring apparatus

OXYGEN FACEMASK WITH CAPNOGRAPHY MONITORING PORTS

COMMUNICATOR

PERFECTED PROCESS OF GAS MEASUREMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT CONTINUES OF THE TEXT OF CO2 IN BREATHING GASES AND DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SAME

Anordning för påvisande av komponenter i utandningsluft

Interaktiv alkometri

NANOELECTRONIC BREATH ANALYZER AND ASTHMA MONITOR

Embodiments of nanoelectronic sensors are described, including sensors for detecting analytes such as CO2, NO, anesthesia gases, and the like in human breath. An integrated multivalent monitor system is described which permits two or more analytes to be measured in breath, for example to monitor pulmonary conditions such as asthma. The monitor system may be configured to be compact, light weight, inexpensive, and to include a microprocessor capable of both analyzing measurements to determine patient status, and storing measurement history. Wireless embodiments provide such enhancements as remote monitoring.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING A DETERIORATION OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a system is provided for the monitoring of blood analytes using optical probes in the circulatory system. The probes can be inserted on the venous side of the circulatory system. In another embodiment, methods and apparatuses can be used for processing continuous information generated from indwelling intravascular or tissue optical sensors including, but not limited to, measuring gas concentrations, pH, temperature, and other analytes of blood or tissue. In another embodiment, analyte values can be displayed and analyzed to determine if the values fall outside of normal physiological parameters. Trends of one or multiple analyte values can be analyzed and extrapolated to predict any impending, deleterious condition. In one embodiment, an alarm can be transmitted to appropriate personnel when criterion/criteria are met. In yet another embodiment, devices can be inhibited from delivering continuous infusions of medicine to patients.

SUPERIOR ANALYZER FOR RAMAN SPECTRA WITH HIGH ACCEPTANCE CONE, RESOLUTION, TRANSMISSION, AND QUANTUM EFFICIENCY, AND STRONG BACKGROUND REDUCTION

A Raman analyzer for analyzing light emitted from a Raman cell is provided that has a beam splitter configured to split the light emitted from the Raman cell into a first beam and a second beam. An atomic vapor filter can be used to filter a Raman scattered line from the first beam and a chopper system can periodically interrupt the first and second beams that are directed towards a photo detector, which can convert light from the first and second beams into an electrical signal. The signal output from the photo detector can optionally be amplified, digitized, Fourier filtered, and/or subjected to Fourier analysis.

A METHOD OF MONITORING GAS COMPOSITION

A method of determining the general or a specific condition of a subject is disclosed, the method comprising measuring the concentration of each of a plurality of components in a single sample of the gas stream exhaled by the subject; and generating information regarding the concentration of each of the plurality of components such that the concentrations of the components are directly comparable. The method is particularly suitable for assessing the condition of the respiratory system of a subject. The method preferably employs electrochemical sensors to measure the concentration of the target components in the exhaled gas stream.

SENSOR ADAPTOR, APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR MONITORING END-TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE

A sensor adaptor (20) couples a face mask (22) to a gas sampling tube (24) connected to a device detecting end-tidal carbon dioxide. The sensor adaptor (20) includes a shaft (30) and connector (54). The shaft (30) includes a channel (40) providing a pathway for the carbon dioxide to travel toward the gas sampling tube (24). One end of the shaft (30) includes an adaptor tip (26) which extends through an exit port (28) of the face mask (22). A connector (54) is attached to the other end of the shaft (30) and couples the sensor adaptor (20) to the gas sampling line. A gripper (42) may surround the shaft (30) and prevent improper advancement of the shaft (30) into the face mask (22). The sensor adaptor (20) can be designed for use with any gas sampling tube and any face mask including exit ports.

PULMONARY CAPNODYNAMIC METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT

This invention relates to a method and system for monitoring cardiac output of a subject. Described are a method and system for measuring effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (or non-shunt pulmonary blood flow) and total pulmonary blood flow (or cardiac output) on a continuous, breath-by-breath basis. Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow for a given breath is used to determine effective pulmonary capillary blood flow for a subsequent breath.

DETERMINING COMPONENTS OF TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXCRETED BY A SUBJECT

Values of components of total carbon dioxide excreted by a subject can be provided. One or more signals may be received conveying information related to a rate of total carbon dioxide excreted by the subject. Based at least in part on the received one or more signals, a first capnometric component and/or a second capnometric component may be determined. The first capnometric component may indicate a rate of metabolic carbon dioxide production. The second capnometric component may indicate a rate of carbon dioxide transfer to or from body compartments of the subject that store carbon dioxide. The first capnometric component and/or the second capnometric component may be presented to a user.

USER INTERFACE ENHANCEMENTS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER MONITORING PLATFORM DEVICES

A method for configuring a presentation of physiological data for a patient includes identifying one or more physiological sensor modules that are connected in a physiological parameter monitoring device. After the physiological sensor modules are identified, the physiological parameter monitoring device is configured so that display areas are allocated on a display screen of the physiological parameter monitoring device for displaying physiological data for the patient. A separate display area is allocated for each identified physiological module. After one or more physiological sensor modules are detected as being connected, the physiological parameter monitoring device is automatically configured to include one or more additional display areas on the display screen for displaying physiological data for the patient. A separate additional display area is allocated for each of the additional physiological sensor modules that is connected.

BREATH TEST ANALYSER

A breath test analyzer, which analyzes exhaled breaths of a patient for isotope labeled products generated in the patient's body after ingestion by the patient of an isotope labeled substance, where the presence of these isotope labeled products provide an indication of a medical condition in the patient. The analyzer uses a very sensitive infra-red spectrophotometer, which enables it to continuously collect and analyze multiple samples of the patient's breath, and process the outputs in real time, while the patient is still connected to the analyzer, such that a definitive result is obtained within a short time, such as the order of a few minutes. The breath test analyzer is sufficiently small that it can be easily accomodated in the office of a physician. The breath test analyzer can be utilized for a number of diagnostic breath tests, according to the isotope labeled substance ingested by the patient and the gases detected in the patient's breath.

ISOTOPIC GAS ANALYZER

An NDIR spectrometer based on the use of wavelength specific lamp sources, whose emission spectrum consists of discrete, narrow lines characteristic of the isotope present in the lamp, and which it is desired to measure with the spectrometer. This allows very high intrinsic sensitivity, enabling the use of an extremely compact absorption cell with a very short path length. In addition, the source can be self-modulated, such that problems associated with external choppers are avoided. Furthermore, there is insignificant cross sensitivity between the isotopes themselves and between the isotopes and other ambient gases in the operating environment.

DETERMINING METABOLIC PARAMETERS

Methods and systems for monitoring metabolic parameters of humans and other animals in an enclosed or semi-enclosed space such as a room. In these embodiments, metabolic parameters like basal metabolic rate, energy expenditure, and body composition are derived from environmental measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) production using context-aware processing algorithms. This information can be integrated in innovative coaching programs for weight management, fitness improvement, pregnancy management, and chronic disease management.

Medical instrument with low power, high contrast display

A patient monitoring/defibrillation instrument displays patient vital signs in numeric form or as graphical waveform traces. Under normal room lighting conditions the numeric and waveform information is displayed in color against a black or gray background. When the patient monitor is operated outside or in bright light, the user has the option to select a color map for display of the patient vital signs information in a highly contrasting manner such as black numeric or waveform information against a bright background such as yellow. The high contrast display, while being objectionable in most indoor settings, has been found to comfortably and effectively display the monitored information in sunlight without the need to increase power to the display.

Apparatus and methods for documenting myocardial ischemia

Methods and apparatus are provided for documenting the myocardial ischemia of a patient's heart. The apparatus comprises an ECG monitor and data collector configured to receive electrocardial data about the patient's heart. The apparatus further comprises a cardiac marker data collector configured to receive cardiac marker data about the patient's heart. A data processing and recording module is in electrical communication with the ECG monitor and data collector and the cardiac marker data collector and is configured to record the electrocardial data and the cardiac marker data. The method comprises the steps of obtaining electrocardial data about the patient's heart and receiving results of a cardiac marker test performed on the patient. The electrocardial data and the test results are stored in a patient report, which then may be displayed.

Metabolic gas exchange and noninvasive cardiac output monitor

A respiratory gas analyzer for measuring the metabolic activity and the cardiac output of a subject includes a bi-directional flow meter and a capnometer sensor interconnected by conduits and valving between a mouthpiece and a source of respiratory gasses which may be a controlled source or the atmosphere. A pass-through carbon dioxide scrubber may be plugged into the conduits and the valving controlled so that upon inhalation by the subject gasses are passed through the flow meter to the mouthpiece and upon exhalation the exhaled gasses are passed first through the scrubber and then through the flow meter in a direction opposite to the inhaled gasses. A computer connected to receive the signals from the flow meter and the capnometer can then calculate the subject's metabolic activity. When the valving is shifted a portion of the exhaled gasses are stored in the conduit so that upon inhalation the subject inhales a substantial portion of rebreathed gasses. The computer can then calculate ...

Carbon dioxide detection

Methods and apparatus for ascertaining whether there is at least a threshold concentration of carbon dioxide in gases being monitored. Reversible hydration of the carbon dioxide to generate excess hydrogen ions and trigger a color change in a pH sensitive indicator is employed in represenative embodiments of the invention to provide a indication that the threshold concentration of carbon dioxide is present in the gases. The methods and apparatus may be used to distinguish between tracheal and esophageal intubation of human and other nammalian patients.

Device and method for expiratory air examination

A portable type clinical examination device using expiratory air of a patient as a sample and measuring with high accuracy and rapidity concentration of trace amounts of aimed gas components contained in the expiratory air. The clinical examination device feeds an expiratory air sample provided by a patient, fed through an expiratory air sucking portion and separated in a column to a detector which detects trace amounts of aimed gas components contained in the expiratory air sample by ionizing the aimed gas components through application of ultraviolet or radiation, so that output signals from the detector are processed and concentration of the aimed gas components is computed by use of a previously memorized working curve to provide a clinical examination data which is output on a recording device or the like.

Injection molding of ceramic powders using non-gel forming water soluble organic binders

A method for compounding gel-free injection molding feed stock for injection molding net-shape ceramic parts, including the steps of: mixing inorganic particles with non-gel forming water soluble organic binders having molecular weight between 1000 and 1,000,000 and that are between 0.5 weight % and 10 weight % based upon the inorganic particles, along with plasticizers, water and processing aids in a mixer to form a mixture, wherein the non-gel forming water soluble organic binders are composed of high and low molecular weight organic binders; compounding the mixed inorganic particles and the non-gel forming water soluble organic binders at a high temperature in the range of between 70° and 98° Centigrade, under shear force, to form a homogenous viscous slurry in the range of 5x10<3 >and 7x10<4 >Pa.sec at a shear rate of 10 sec<-1>; cooling the homogenous viscous slurry to room temperature to form a compounded solid mass.

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAIN MONITORING

A nociception monitoring device including at least one sensor configured to sense at least three physiological parameters of a patient, and a computing unit configured to receive the at least three physiological parameters and to compute a nociception scale (NS) value, indicative of a nociception level of the patient, based on an analysis of the at least three physiological parameters and/or features derived therefrom.

Device and system for collecting and analyzing vapor condensate, particularly exhaled breath condensate, as well as method of using the same

The present invention is related to the field of bio/chemical sensing, assays and applications. Particularly, the present invention is related to collecting a small amount of a vapor condensate sample (e.g. the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from a subject of a volume as small as 10 fL (femto-Liter) in a single drop), preventing or significantly reducing an evaporation of the collected vapor condensate sample, analyzing the sample, analyzing the sample by mobile-phone, and performing such collection and analysis by a person without any professionals.

Airway adaptor

An airway adaptor includes: an airway case; and an expired gas guiding portion which is connected to the airway case to introduce a respiratory gas to the airway case. The airway case includes: a first respiratory gas flow path in which the respiratory gas flows in a first direction; and a second respiratory gas flow path in which the respiratory gas flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

Airway adapter and gas analyzer for measuring oxygen concentration of a respiratory gas

An airway adapter comprising a flow channel configured to carry a respiratory gas, and a body comprising a surface at least partially coated with a luminophore that is excited by received radiation, wherein the luminophore emits luminescent radiation indicative of oxygen concentration of the respiratory gas when the luminophore is in contact with the respiratory gas, wherein the body comprises a transparent radiation path surrounded by the surface, the body being configured to guide at least one of the received radiation and the luminescent radiation emitted by the luminophore.

CAPNOGRAPHY SYSTEMS WITH INDICATOR LIGHTS

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for producing an illumination pattern in a gas tube of a facially-fitting device, which is used in conjunction with a capnograph. The illumination pattern is determined by at least one illumination parameter, derived at least from measured CO2 data, such that the illumination pattern is indicative of at least one breath-related/physiological parameter and/or one or more of the respiratory/physiological conditions determined/assessed based at least on the CO2 data.

Resuscitation Face Mask

An inflatable resuscitation mask for use in hospitals or healthcare clinics for medical purposes including use in anesthesia of a patient. The mask includes several features such as an inflatable/deflatable balloon that allow a perfect seal between the mask and the patient's face in order to prevent gas leakage during oxygenation. The mask also includes a carbon dioxide detecting device that assists the medical operator, physician, or nurse to determine proper ventilation. The mask is designed to fit all facial shapes and sizes of the patients and still provide comfort to the patients during oxygenation.

Device for respirating patients

A device is provided for increasing humidity for respirating patients, especially for a respiration humidifier or an anesthesia reflector. The device includes a gas channel for passing through breathing air, a control and/or regulating device, a temperature sensor and a dew sensor for measuring the humidity present in the breathing air by electromagnetic radiation with a generating device and with a detection device for electromagnetic radiation. The humidity of the breathing air is determined at a low cost and in a reliable manner and condensation is avoided in the respiration system without any additional effort for sterilization. Humidity in the breathing air is determined by the a dew sensor by the change in the reflection of the electromagnetic radiation as a function of dew formation at a condensation-fogged and condensation-free boundary surface between breathing air and a medium having an optical density higher than that of breathing air.

Methods of diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and SIBO-related conditions

Disclosed is a method of treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or a SIBO-caused condition in a human subject. SIBO-caused conditions include irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, impaired mentation, impaired memory, halitosis, tinnitus, sugar craving, autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug sensitivity, an autoimmune disease, and Crohn's disease. Also disclosed are a method of screening for the abnormally likely presence of SIBO in a human subject and a method of detecting SIBO in a human subject. A method of determining the relative severity of SIBO or a SIBO-caused condition in a human subject, in whom small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been detected, is also disclosed.

Integrated Portable Medical Diagnostic System

A portable integrated self-contained rechargeable (100) with AC-DC direct current battery system mounted within an instrument case 99 for housing a foldable keyboard (119), a display (112) and plurality of medical test and treatment modules. It optionally includes a suitable DC to AC inverter to supply AC power. The system includes at least one USB port (154) for adding external test and treatment modules on ad hoc basis. It also includes full duplex data and information input, processing (216), output and communications interface to and from sensors, transducers, networks and other data/information generation or consumption modules, devices and subsystems. It is also known by its three trademark names Hospital-in-a-Box, RK Ruskat (Stylized) and SCOMET.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A WAVEFORM

There is provided herein a method for producing a representative CO2 waveform, the method comprising obtaining two or more CO2 waveforms, for each of the two or more CO2 waveforms determining one or more scale factors and one or more shape factors, computing, based on the one or more shape and scale factors of each of the two or more CO2 waveforms, a representative set of shape factors and scale factors representing the two or more CO2 waveforms and constructing a representative waveform based on the representative set of shape and scale factors.

Method of maintaining constant arterial PCO2 and measurement of anatomic and alveolar dead space

A method to maintain isocapnia for a subject. A fresh gas is provided to the subject when the subject breathes at a rate less than or equal to the fresh gas flowing to the subject. The fresh gas flow equal to a baseline minute ventilation minus a dead space gas ventilation of the subject contains a physiological insignificant amount of CO2. An additional reserve gas is provided to the subject when the subject breathes at a rate more than the fresh gas flowing to the subject. The reserve gas has a partial pressure of carbon dioxide equal to an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of the subject. A breathing circuit is applied to the method to maintain isocapnia for a subject. The breathing circuit has an exit port, a non-rebreathing valve, a source of fresh gas, a fresh gas reservoir and a reserve gas supply.

ACCESSORY DETECTION IN CAPNOGRAPHY MODULES

A respiratory gas flow coupling includes a device connector having a female receptacle or male nipple with a side-oriented leak path. A patient accessory connector has a male nipple or female receptacle adapted to connect with the female receptacle or male nipple of the device connector. The patient accessory connector seals the side-oriented leak path of the female receptacle or male nipple of the device connector when the patient accessory connector is connected with the device connector. The side-oriented leak path is disposed at a position such that a shorter male nipple or female receptacle of an incompatible patient accessory connector which is shorter than the male nipple of the patient accessory connector does not seal the side-oriented leak path when the incompatible patient accessory connector with the shorter male nipple is connected with the device connector.

Carbon dioxide-sensing airway products and technique for using the same

An airway device is provided that may track the flow of respiratory gases through the device with sensing elements at a plurality of locations along the gas flow path of the device. Such a device may be useful for assessing a variety of clinical states, for adjusting patient ventilator settings, or for determining whether or not an airway device has been properly inserted into a patient airway.

PNEUMOSTOMA MANAGEMENT DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED PATENCY SENSOR AND METHOD

A flexible pneumostoma management device maintains the patency of a pneumostoma while controlling the flow of material through the pneumostoma. The pneumostoma management device includes a pneumostoma vent having a tube which enters the pneumostoma to allow gases to escape the lung, a flange and a filter/valve to control flow of materials through the tube. The flange is a thin flexible patch comprises of multiple thin layers of materials and which conforms and attaches to the chest of the patient. The flange includes a filter, a protective outer layer and an inner hydrocolloid layer. The flange secures the tube in position in the pneumostoma. An indicator responsive to gases exiting the pneumostoma is integrated into the device and provides and external indicia of the patency and efficacy of the pneumostoma.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF COMPONENTS OF EXHALED BREATH IN HUMANS

TISSUE TO END TIDAL CO2 MONITOR

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING VALID BREATHS FROM A CAPNOMETRY SIGNAL

Apparatus for spectrometrically measuring isotopic gas

An apparatus for spectrometrically measuring an isotopic gas is adapted to determine concentrations of a plurality of component gases in a gaseous test sample by introducing the gaseous test sample into a cell, then measuring intensity of light transmitted through the gaseous test sample at wavelengths suitable for the respective component gases, and processing data of the light intensity, characterized by gas injection means for sucking therein the gaseous test sample and then injecting the gaseous test sample into the cell by mechanically pushing out the gaseous test sample at a constant rate.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING RESPIRATORY GASES DURING ANESTHESIA

A method and system is provided for monitoring delivery of anesthesia (inhalational and intravenous) and detecting the depth of anesthesia wherein at least one anesthetic agent is absorbed in a patient's bloodstream during the administration of anesthesia, which includes sampling inspired and expired gas; analyzing the gas for concentration of at least one substance indicative of the anesthetic agent using sensor technology such as free (unmetabolized) anesthetic agent or its metabolites; determining the effect of the agent based on that concentration; and determining depth of anesthesia based thereon.

Expired gas sampling method and expired gas collecting tube

A gas collecting tube (1) is used for sampling expired gas for preventing adsorption or contamination of aimed gas components contained therein and for enabling measurement with excellent reproducibility. The expired gas collecting tube (1) comprises a heating type flexible tube which includes an elastic tube superior in heat-resistance and provided circumferentially or inside with a heating element (3) on which a heat insulating material (4) covers, or a heating type hard tube made of metal or thermosetting resin and provided circumferentially or inside with a heating element on which a heat insulating material covers, and the heating type flexible tube or the heating type hard tube being provided at utmost end with an adapter (8) for mounting an expired gas collecting mask or mouthpiece (9).

ИНДИКАТОР СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОВЕРКИ ВОЗДУХОВОДА В РЕЖИМЕ РЕАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

Изобретение относится к медицинской технике. Непосредственно после размещения воздуховода и/или после любого перемещения пациента в устройстве отслеживания CO2 может быть активирована автоматизированная программа, чтобы обеспечить проверку размещения воздуховодного устройства. Автоматизированной программе нужно время, чтобы определить, было ли размещение воздуховода успешным. При анализе данных CO2 дыхания программой для пользователя в режиме реального времени отображается обратная связь, как только программа проверки воздуховода активируется до момента времени, в который принимается окончательное решение относительно успешности размещения воздуховода. Обратная связь в режиме реального времени отображает один или более индикаторов хода выполнения программы в направлении определения успеха или неудачи размещения. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 12 ил.

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ АНАЛИЗАТОР КОМБИНАЦИОННОГО РАССЕЯНИЯ С ВЫСОКИМИ ВХОДНОЙ УГЛОВОЙ АПЕРТУРОЙ, РАЗРЕШЕНИЕМ, ПРОПУСКАНИЕМ, КВАНТОВЫМ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫМ И ФОНОПОДАВЛЕНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к области исследования свойств вещества оптическими средствами и касается анализатора комбинационного рассеяния. Анализатор включает в себя расщепитель оптического пучка, фильтр на атомных парах, прерыватель и фотодетектор. Расщепитель разделяет световое излучение, испускаемое из ячейки комбинационного рассеяния, на два пучка. Фильтр на атомных парах удаляет линии комбинационного рассеяния из первого пучка. Прерыватель периодически прерывает первый и второй пучки, которые направлены на фотодетектор, преобразующий световое излучение, поступающее от первого и второго пучков, в электрический сигнал. Технический результат заключается в повышении чувствительности устройства, уменьшении времени интегрирования и обеспечении возможности функционирования при высоком давлении окружающей среды. 2 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

СПОСОБ, УСТРОЙСТВО И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДАЧЕЙ ВДЫХАЕМОГО КИСЛОРОДА

Группа изобретений относится к медицинской технике, а именно к способу автоматического управления подачей вдыхаемого кислорода, устройству для автоматического управления подачей вдыхаемого кислорода и системе для автоматического управления подачей вдыхаемого кислорода. Способ автоматического управления подачей вдыхаемого кислорода содержит этап, на котором принимают сигналы, представляющие входные значения насыщения кислородом (SpO) для пациента. Способ включает формирование управляющих значений исходя из входных значений SpOи искомого значения SpO. В способе формируют выходные значения концентрации вдыхаемого кислорода (FiO) исходя из управляющих значений и эталонных значений концентрации вдыхаемого кислорода (rFiO). Управляющие значения включают в себя мгновенные управляющие значения, сформированные исходя из входных значений SpO, искомого значения SpOи мгновенного коэффициента передачи. Управляющие значения содержат накопленные управляющие значения, сформированные исходя из входных значений ...

Blood Flow Monitoring

The present invention relates to a method of utilizing photoplethysmography obtained from a central site and a non-central site to detect a low blood flow or low blood volume condition. Also disclosed are apparatuses and systems designed to acquire and process physiological information based on photoplethysmograpy signal information from dual sites.

Method and device for the automatic evaluation and analysis of a capnogram and computer program for implementing the method as well as computer program product with such a computer program

A method implemented, e.g., as software and a device operating according to the method for the automatic evaluation and analysis of a capnogram are provided. Measured values for an expired volume—volume measured values—and measured values for a carbon dioxide concentration—concentration measured values—are recorded for the breathing gas of a test subject. An automatic approximation of at least one part of the curve of the concentration measured values over the volume measured values is performed, by using three mutually adjacent straight lines for the approximation. The area is determined using the third straight line according to Fowler for the determination of the serial dead space Vds.

Portable device for breathing detection

A device for detecting breathing of a subject, includes a colorimetric CO2 detector. A method for determining whether a subject is breathing and a method for verifying proper placement of an endotracheal tube when using a resuscitation bag are also described.

System for continuous measuring, recording and monitoring of the splanchnic tissue perfusion and the pulmonary physiological dead space, and use thereof

The present invention relates to a new system for measuring, recording and monitoring the splanchnic tissue perfusion and the pulmonary physiological dead space in an automated way, both continuously and intermittently, and in real time, which is easy to manage and generates information easy to interpret. Said system comprises at least four measuring devices of medical parameters, connected to a device receiving, converting, storing, integrating, processing, and allowing the management and display of the data recorded in the measurements and the parameters estimated by the same. For this purpose, said device comprises a specific computer program of estimation of parameters related to the measurement of the splanchnic tissue perfusion and the pulmonary physiological dead space, from the data derived from the measuring devices. Likewise, the present invention is related to the use of a device for measuring, recording and monitoring of the splanchnic tissue perfusion and the pulmonary physiological dead space.

Tube for inspecting internal organs of a body

An inspection tube ( 20 ) for use in the medical practice, in which sensors, such as a miniature electronic camera, are incorporated in the distal face of the tube. The sensors receive energy supplied via conduits ( 24, 26, 28 ) running along the length of the tube, preferably embedded within the wall. Signals of the sensors are transmitted to the rear of the tube where they are fed into receivers. Sensor cleaning can be affected in some embodiments by conducting cleaning agents through a channel in the wall of the tube. An alarm procedure can be affected by comparing sensed pattern with a reference base pattern and defining a critical deviation from the reference base .

Methods & systems to determine multi-parameter managed alarm hierarchy during patient monitoring

The present specification discloses systems and methods of patient monitoring in which multiple sensors are used to detect physiological parameters and the data from those sensors are correlated to determine if an alarm should, or should not, be issued, thereby resulting in more precise alarms and fewer false alarms. Electrocardiogram readings can be combined with invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure, and/or pulse oximetry measurements to provide a more accurate picture of pulse activity and patient respiration. In addition, the monitoring system can also use an accelerometer or heart valve auscultation to further improve accuracy.

Interchangeable inserts

In a mask for patient ventilation, a frame portion is included for surrounding a respiratory opening of a patient. A retention strap is coupled with the frame portion for maintaining positive pressure between the frame portion and the respiratory opening of the patient. A removable insert is configured to physically attach and detach from the frame portion without requiring removal of the frame or the retention strap from the patient.

Respiratory muscle endurance training device and method for the use thereof

A respiratory muscle endurance training device (RMET) includes a chamber and a patient interface. In one implementation, one or both of a CO 2 sensor or a temperature sensor can be coupled to the chamber or patient interface to provide the user or caregiver with indicia about the CO 2 level in, or the temperature of, the chamber or patient interface, and/or the duration of use of the device. In another implementation, the RMET may have a fixed volume portion adjustable to contain a measured portion of a specific patient's inspiratory volume capacity. Methods of using the device are also provided.

System and method for spo2 instability detection and quantification

The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for analyzing data. An exemplary method comprises the acts of receiving data corresponding to at least one time series, and computing a plurality of sequential instability index values of the data. An exemplary system comprises a source of data indicative of at least one time series of data, and a processor that is adapted to compute at least one of a plurality of sequential instability index values of the data.

Methods and systems for monitoring volumetric carbon dioxide

This disclosure describes novel systems and methods for monitoring volumetric CO 2 during ventilation of a patient being ventilated by a medical ventilator. The disclosure describes more accurate, more cost effective, and/or less burdensome non-invasive methods and systems for calculating volumetric CO 2 than previously utilized methods and systems. The disclosure describes estimating a flow rate in a breathing circuit to calculate a volumetric CO 2 . Further, the disclosure describes synchronizing the estimated flow rate with a measured CO 2 to calculate a volumetric CO 2 . Additionally, the disclosure describes synchronizing a measured flow rate from within the breathing circuit with a measured CO 2 to calculate a volumetric CO 2 .

Non-invasive cardiac output determination

A method of controlling a gas delivery apparatus including an apparatus controllable variable using an iterative algorithm to deliver a test gas (TG) for non-invasively determining a subject's pulmonary blood flow comprising iteratively generating and evaluating test values of a iterated variable based on an iterative algorithm in order output a test value of the iterated variable that meets a test criterion wherein iterative algorithm is characterized in that it defines a test mathematical relationship between the at least one apparatus controllable variable, the iterated variable and an end tidal concentration of test gas attained by setting the apparatus controllable variable, such that the iterative algorithm is determinative of whether iteration on the test value satisfies a test criterion or iteratively generates a progressively refined test value.

METABOLIC ANALYZER

A method for weight and/or fitness management using a metabolic analyzer that measures metabolic data including oxygen and carbon dioxide. The metabolic analyzer includes integrated collection-detection sensors with for high efficiency and collection, high specificity and simultaneous detection of at least two metabolic signatures, including at least oxygen and carbon dioxide, in breath via a porous membrane with high density of sensing binding sites, where the porous membrane includes sensing materials such that the sensing binding sites are specific to the metabolic signatures, and change colors upon interactions with the metabolic signatures. Weight of the subject is measured using a weight measurement device and a recommendation for food intake and/or physical activity is based on at least the readings of the metabolic analyzer and weight of the subject. 1. A method for weight and/or fitness management comprising: 'a plurality of integrated collection-detection sensors with for high efficiency and collection, high specificity and simultaneous detection of at least two metabolic signatures, including at least oxygen and carbon dioxide, in breath via a solid support or pourous membrane with high density of sensing binding sites, wherein the solid support includes sensing materials such that the sensing binding sites are specific to the metabolic signatures, and change colors upon interactions with the metabolic signatures;', 'using a metabolic analyzer that measures metabolic data including oxygen and carbon dioxide, the metabolic analyzer including'}measuring weight of the subject using a weight measurement device; andrecommending food intake and/or physical activity based on at least the readings of the metabolic analyzer and weight of the subject.2. The method of wherein measuring metabolic data includes measuring initial resting energy expenditure (REE) claim 1 , total energy expenditures (TEE) and respiratory quotient (RQ).3. The method of including operating ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A FERTILE PHASE OF A WOMAN BY ASCERTAINING A CO2 PARTIAL PRESSURE IN A RESPIRATORY GAS OF THE WOMAN

The invention relates to a device () for determining a fertile phase of a woman by ascertaining a COpartial pressure in a respiratory gas of the woman in several consecutive breaths, comprising an inlet for receiving the respiratory gas, and an outlet, a sample chamber (), into which the respiratory gas can be conducted, a measuring module () with a measuring element () with which a COconcentration in the respiratory gas in the sample chamber () can be measured, optionally a pressure sensor () for measuring an air pressure, a processor () for processing measured data obtained by means of the measuring module () and the pressure sensor (), and at least one output unit () for outputting a result of the measured data. So that the method can be carried out by a woman herself quickly and nevertheless with high precision, it is provided according to the invention that the device () is embodied as a hand-held device and an algorithm is stored in the processor (), with which with a measurement based on several immediately consecutive breaths a predetermined reproducibility criterion regarding an end expiratory COpartial pressure of the respiratory gas can be tested, wherein, if the reproducibility criterion is met, the at least one output unit () outputs and/or signals and/or displays whether a fertile phase applies. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for determining a fertile phase of a woman by ascertaining an end expiratory COpartial pressure in a respiratory gas and comparison of the measured data thus obtained with measured data in the follicle phase outside the fertile phase. 1. A device for determining a fertile phase of a woman by ascertaining a COpartial pressure in a respiratory gas of the woman in several consecutive breaths , comprising an inlet for receiving the respiratory gas , and an outlet , a sample chamber , into which the respiratory gas can be conducted , a measuring module with a measuring element with which a COconcentration in the ...

Statistical, Noninvasive Measurement of Intracranial Pressure

Tools and techniques for the rapid, continuous, invasive and/or noninvasive measurement, estimation, and/or prediction of a patient's intracranial pressure. In an aspect, some tools and techniques can predict the onset of conditions such as herniation and/or can recommend (and, in some cases, administer) a therapeutic treatment for the patient's condition. In another aspect, some techniques employ high speed software technology that enables active, long term learning from extremely large, continually changing datasets. In some cases, this technology utilizes feature extraction, state-of-the-art machine learning and/or statistical methods to autonomously build and apply relevant models in real-time.

Physiological Parameter Measuring Platform Device Supporting Multiple Workflows

A device obtains a series of measurements of a physiological parameter of one or more patients. The device displays a monitoring workflow home screen when the device is operating within a monitoring workflow. The device displays a non-monitoring workflow home screen when the device is operating within a non-monitoring workflow. The device displays a continuous workflow home screen when the device is operating within a continuous workflow. The monitoring workflow home screen, the non-monitoring workflow home screen, and the continuous workflow home screen are each different.

Method and apparatus to attain and maintain target end tidal gas concentrations

In a first aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for inducing or maintaining a target end tidal concentration of a gas in a subject comprising a breathing circuit, a source of gas flow into the circuit, means for controlling the rate of the source of gas flow into the circuit and means for controlling the concentration of gases in the source gas flow independently from each other. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of preparing an apparatus for inducing or maintaining a target end tidal concentration of a gas X in a subject comprising selecting a rate of a source gas flow into a breathing circuit, selecting the concentration of at least one constituent gas of a component gas making up the source gas to a level corresponding to the end tidal concentration of the gas X, whereby the apparatus is adapted to administer a source gas having a first gas composition.

TRACHEAL TUBE SENSOR DISPOSED ON PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

Various embodiments of an tracheal tube having a sensor coupled to a selectively permeable membrane are provided. In some embodiments, the membrane may be permeable to one or more blood gases and/or blood analytes. Certain embodiments of the endotracheal tube may be capable of deploying the sensor during intubation to sense one or more indicators of blood flow characteristics, such as a level of blood gases and/or blood analytes, in the respiratory tract. Embodiments of the present invention may include positioning of the sensor in a variety of suitable positions with respect to the permeable membrane, such as mounting the sensor to the underside of an inflatable permeable membrane. 120.-. (canceled)21. A tracheal tube system , comprising:a tubular body having a recess disposed therein and an open distal end for ventilating a patient;a cuff disposed around the tubular body above the open distal end and configured to be inflated to seal the cuff against a wall of a trachea;a sensor coupled to a membrane that is selectively permeable to an analyte or a gas, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a concentration of the analyte or the gas in the trachea, and wherein the recess receives the sensor during intubation and extubation; anda monitor coupled to the sensor and configured to receive a signal from the sensor and provide an output related to the concentration of the analyte or the gas in the trachea.22. The tracheal tube system of claim 21 , wherein the monitor comprises a display configured to display the output.23. The tracheal tube system of claim 22 , comprising an interface circuit coupled to the sensor and the monitor claim 22 , wherein the interface circuit is configured to process the signal from the sensor.24. The tracheal tube system of claim 21 , wherein the sensor comprises a carbon dioxide sensor.25. The tracheal tube system of claim 21 , wherein the sensor comprises an oxygen sensor.26. The tracheal tube system of claim 21 , wherein the sensor ...

Tube for inspecting internal organs of a body

An inspection tube for use in the medical practice, in which sensors, such as a miniature electronic camera, are incorporated in the distal face of the tube. The sensors receive energy supplied via conduits running along the length of the tube, preferably embedded within the wall. Signals of the sensors are transmitted to the rear of the tube where they are fed into receivers. Sensor cleaning can be affected in some embodiments by conducting cleaning agents through a channel in the wall of the tube. An alarm procedure can be affected by comparing sensed pattern with a reference base pattern and defining a critical deviation from the reference base. 1. A method of ventilating a subject with an artificial ventilation system , the method comprising:providing a multifunctional endotracheal tube comprisingan elongate cylindrical structure having a wall and defining a free lumen for transferring liquids or gasses in two directions, said free lumen being adapted to permanently maintain patency and to maintain ventilation of the subject, wherein said endotracheal tube has a proximal end adapted to protrude from the subject and a distal end having an anterior face;a conduit located between an inner diameter and an outer diameter of said tube from said proximal end of said tube to said anterior face of said tube;an imaging sensor incorporated in said anterior face;at least one conducting element for transmitting image signals of said imaging sensor to the proximal end of said tube via said conduit, wherein said imaging sensor is continuously acquiring signals and transmitting signals via said conduit; andan image signal receiver for receiving said image signals;inserting the multifunctional endotracheal tube into an endotrachea of the subject;collecting said image signals transmitted via said conduit and interpreting said signals and/or displaying said signals; 'conveying fluids selected from the group consisting of: gases and liquids to sustain a vital function of said ...

ORAL APPLIANCE WITH AUTO NEGATIVE PRESSURE CONTROL AND METHOD THEREOF

A method for automatically controlling negative pressure supplied in oral cavity, for relieving sleep apnea and snoring is provided. The method includes: sensing a physiological signal from the user and outputting the sensed physiological signal; extracting a physiological status based on said sensed physiological signal; and automatically controlling said negative pressure provided to the user's oral cavity based on said physiological status. 1. An oral appliance with automatic negative pressure control , comprising:a sensing unit, for sensing a physiological signal from a user and outputting said sensed physiological signal;a physiological status extraction unit, coupled to said sensing unit, for extracting a physiological status based on said sensed physiological signal from said sensing unit;a negative pressure source, for providing a negative pressure;an oral interface, for connecting said negative pressure source and interfacing with oral cavity, anda negative pressure control unit, coupled to said physiological status extraction unit and said negative pressure source, for automatically controlling said negative pressure source based on said physiological status provided from said physiological status extraction unit.2. The oral appliance as in claim 1 , wherein said sensing unit includes at least one or any combination of a body position sensor claim 1 , an accelerator claim 1 , a gravity sensor claim 1 , a tilt sensor claim 1 , a motion sensor claim 1 , electrodes claim 1 , a microphone claim 1 , a piezo-transducer claim 1 , a pressure sensor claim 1 , an oximeter claim 1 , a CO2 sensor claim 1 , a thermistor claim 1 , a hotwire claim 1 , a flow sensor claim 1 , a respiratory inductive plethysmograph claim 1 , a strain gauge and an impedance pneumograph.3. The oral appliance as in claim 1 , wherein:said physiological status extraction unit determines the user's body position in upright, supine, prone or side posture.4. The oral appliance as in claim wherein: ...

FILTERING PATIENT SIGNAL ALSO FOR VENTILATION ARTIFACTS

In embodiments, an external medical device is intended to care for a patient. If it receives an input that signifies that ventilation artifact is present in a signal of the patient, it transmits a corrective signal responsive to the received input. In further embodiments, a patient signal is received, which is generated from a patient while the patient is or was receiving chest compressions at a frequency Fc, and also receiving ventilations at frequency Fv. At least one filter mechanism may be applied to the patient signal to substantially remove artifacts at a) frequency Fc, b) a higher harmonic of frequency Fc, and c) a third frequency substantially equaling frequency Fc plus or minus frequency Fv, while substantially passing other frequencies between them. As a result, the patient signal can be cleaner, for diagnosing the patient's state more accurately. 1. A method for a user to care for a patient , comprising:detecting that ventilation artifact is present in a signal of the patient; andtaking a corrective action responsive to so detecting.2. The method of claim 1 , in whichdetecting is performed by inspecting a visual representation of the patient signal.3. The method of claim 1 , in whichdetecting is performed by an automatic analysis of the patient signal.4. The method of claim 3 , in whichthe analyzed patient signal is one of an ECG signal and an impedance signal of the patient.5. The method of claim 1 , in whichdetecting is performed by viewing a correlation of an airway signal of the patient with another signal of the patient.6. The method of claim 5 , in whichthe airway signal is one of a capnography signal, an airway pressure signal, and an airflow signal.7. The method of claim 1 , in whichthe corrective action includes discontinuing an operation of a ventilator that presumptively has caused the ventilation artifact.8. The method of claim 7 , in whicha comb filter is applied to the patient signal.9. The method of claim 1 , in whichthe corrective action ...

SAMPLE CELLS FOR RESPIRED GAS SAMPLING AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SAME

A sample cell () for a respired gas sensor has a single-piece injection molded main body () defining a gas flow path including an optical sampling bore (), a gas inlet lumen () connected with the inlet end () of the optical sampling bore, and a gas outlet lumen () connected with the outlet end () of the optical sampling bore. The gas flow path includes at least two curved walls (). The sample cell may be manufactured by assembling mold pins () for defining the gas flow path wherein at least two mold pins () have curved surfaces for defining the at least two curved walls of the gas flow path, and injection molding the single piece injection molded main body including removing the mold pins after defining the gas flow path including the at least two curved walls. 1. A sample cell for a respired gas sensor , the sample cell comprising:a single-piece injection molded main body defining a gas flow path including (i) an optical sampling bore with opposite inlet and outlet ends, (ii) a gas inlet lumen connected with the inlet end of the optical sampling bore, and (iii) a gas outlet lumen connected with the outlet end of the optical sampling bore;an inlet optical window attached to the single-piece injection molded main body and covering the inlet end of the optical sampling bore; andan outlet optical window attached to the single-piece injection molded main body and covering the outlet end of the optical sampling bore.2. The sample cell of wherein:the inlet optical window seals the inlet end of the optical sampling bore; and the outlet optical window seals the outlet end of the optical sampling bore.3. The sample cell of wherein:the optical sampling bore defines an optical axis,the inlet optical window is oriented transverse to the optical axis, andthe outlet optical window is oriented transverse to the optical axis.4. The sample cell of wherein:the gas inlet lumen and the gas outlet lumen are parallel,the gas inlet lumen is orthogonal to the optical axis, andthe gas ...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Networked Devices

A a system includes a first computing device and a chest compression device. The chest compression device is configured to communicate with the first computing device. The chest compression device can include a defibrillator. The first computing device is configured to obtain information regarding a patient being treated for cardiopulmonary arrest and to send commands to the chest compression device. The commands include a defibrillator activation command to activate the defibrillator.

CAPNOGRAPHY TUBE FITTING

A capnography fitting is provided. The capnography fitting comprises a tube having a proximal end inlet and a distal end outlet. The tube has an angled port in fluid communication with and disposed adjacent to the distal end outlet. Methods and kits are also provided. 1. A capnography fitting comprising a tube having a proximal end inlet and a distal end outlet , the tube having an angled port in fluid communication with and disposed adjacent to the proximal end inlet or the distal end outlet.2. The fitting of claim 1 , wherein the angled port has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the proximal end inlet and the distal end outlet of the tube.3. The fitting of claim 1 , wherein the angled port is disposed at an acute angle relative to a surface of the proximal end inlet of the tube.4. The fitting of claim 5 , wherein the angled port has an inner surface and the tube has an inner surface configured to receive a sampling tube.5. The fitting of claim 4 , wherein the sampling tube is flexible and extends out from the distal end outlet of the tube.6. The fitting of claim 4 , wherein the inner surface of the angled port has threading disposed thereon.7. The fitting of claim 1 , wherein the proximal end inlet of the tube is configured to receive an inhalation gas.8. The fitting of claim 7 , wherein the proximal end inlet is configured to engage a first end of a mixed gas fitting.9. The fitting of claim 8 , wherein a second end of the mixed gas fitting is configured to engage with a gas delivery hose.10. The fitting of claim 1 , wherein the distal end outlet is configured to couple with an inlet of an inhalation mask.11. The fitting of claim 10 , wherein an inner surface of the angled port is configured to slidably receive at least a portion of a sampling tube claim 10 , which is configured to extend from the distal end outlet into the inlet of the inhalation mask.12. The fitting of claim 11 , wherein the angled port is configured to couple with a luer fitting and an ...

SIDE-STREAM VOLUMETRIC CAPNOGRAPHY

Techniques for determining a volume of exhaled COas a function of time using side-stream capnography, including obtaining flow dynamics measurements of a subject from a flow sensor; obtaining COconcentration measurements of the subject from a side-stream COmonitor; determining a duration of time (ΔT) for a sample of gas to flow from a reference point to the side-stream COmonitor; synchronizing in time the COconcentration measurement with the flow dynamics measurement, based on the determined ΔT; and determining a volume of COexhaled as a function of time, based on the flow dynamics measurement and the synchronized COconcentration measurement. 1. A method for determining a volume of exhaled COas a function of time using side-stream capnography , the method comprising:obtaining flow dynamics measurements of a subject from a flow sensor;{'sub': 2', '2, 'obtaining COconcentration measurements of a subject from a side-stream COmonitor;'}{'sub': s1', '2', 's1', '2', '2', 'i, 'determining a duration of time (ΔT) for a sample of gas to flow from a reference point to the side-stream COmonitor, wherein determining the ΔTis performed based on a time until a notch in the COconcentration measurement, resulting from a bolus of clean air or a bolus of air having a known COconcentration provided at on-start of inhalation (T);'}{'sub': 2', 's1, 'synchronizing in time the COconcentration measurement with the flow dynamics measurement, based on the determined ΔT; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'determining a volume of COexhaled as a function of time, based on the flow dynamics measurement and the synchronized COconcentration measurement.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ΔTis derived from the flow dynamics measurements.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining of the ΔTcomprises determining a time until a notch in the COconcentration measurements claim 1 , resulting from the bolus of clean air claim 1 , is observed; wherein Tis determined based on the flow dynamics measurements.4. ...

TISSUE TO END TIDAL CO2 MONITOR

A method comprises measuring tissue carbon dioxide levels of a living organism, measuring end-tidal carbon dioxide levels of the living organism; and calculating at least one tissue-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient value based on the measured tissue carbon dioxide levels and the measured end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, the tissue-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient value being indicative of a measure of perfusion of the living organism. 1. A method , comprising:measuring tissue carbon dioxide levels of a living organism;measuring end-tidal carbon dioxide levels of the living organism; andcalculating at least one tissue-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient value based on the measured tissue carbon dioxide levels and the measured end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, the tissue-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient value being indicative of a measure of perfusion of the living organism.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement of the tissue carbon dioxide levels is non-invasive and performed in at least one of: a buccal mucosa region of the living organism claim 1 , a sublingual region of the living organism claim 1 , a nasal septum region of the living organism claim 1 , and an ear concha region of the living organism.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement of the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels is non-invasive and performed in at least one of: an endotracheal tube attached to the living organism claim 1 , nostrils of the living organism claim 1 , and a mouth of the living organism.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-invasive measurement of the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels is performed via a capnometer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-invasive measurement of the tissue carbon dioxide levels is performed via a pulse oximeter.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing post-processing on the tissue-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient value.7. The method of claim 1 , the measure of perfusion being indicative of a ...

FLUID RESPONSIVENESS DETECTION DEVICE AND METHOD

A liquid reactivity detection device and method. The liquid reactivity detection device includes: a breathing signal acquisition module, a hemodynamic signal acquisition module and a liquid reactivity detection module. The breathing signal acquisition module and the hemodynamic signal acquisition module work in cases where the subject is in any one of the following breathing modes: a spontaneous breathing mode, a spontaneous breathing combined with mechanical ventilation mode, and a mechanical ventilation mode. The hemodynamic signal acquisition module is configured to acquire at least one hemodynamic signal of the subject. The breathing signal acquisition module is configured to acquire at least one breathing signal of the subject. The liquid reactivity detection module is configured to determine the liquid reactivity of the subject according to the breathing signal and the hemodynamic signal. 1. A fluid responsiveness detection device , comprising: a breathing signal acquisition module , a hemodynamic signal acquisition module and a fluid responsiveness detection module , wherein the breathing signal acquisition module and the hemodynamic signal acquisition module operate under a breathing mode of a subject being any one of: a spontaneous breathing mode , a spontaneous breathing and machine-controlled breathing mode , or a machine-controlled breathing mode;the hemodynamic signal acquisition module is configured to acquire at least one hemodynamic signal of the subject;the breathing signal acquisition module is configured to obtain at least one breathing signal of the subject, the breathing signal comprising a respiratory cycle; andthe fluid responsiveness detection module is configured to determine the fluid responsiveness of the subject based on the breathing signal and the hemodynamic signal,wherein the fluid responsiveness detection module is further configured to determine a respiratory variation and a hemodynamic variation of the subject based on the ...

Exercise and Communication System and Associated Methods

An exercise and communications system includes an interactive device, a remote device, and an external device, wherein the interactive device is configured to gather data relating to a user of the system and transmit the same to the remote device, and the remote device is configured to provide analyze the data and transmit a response to the interactive device, which in turn communicates the response to the user and additionally communication with an external device for retrieval of instructions, programs, and data, inter alia. An exercise and communications system facilitates communication between a plurality of users, each having an interactive device and a remote device.

Facially fitting devices with illuminated placement markers

Disclosed herein are facially fitting devices, such as nasal cannulas and oxygen masks, including illuminating placement marker(s), which facilitate correct placement of the facially fitting devices on a face of a subject in dark conditions. The placement marker is powered by a thermo-electric generator, which generates electrical power via thermal coupling thereof to skin on the face of a subject when the facially fitting device is fitted, or partially fitted, on the face of the subject.

RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ENDURANCE TRAINING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE USE THEREOF

A respiratory muscle endurance training device (RMET) includes a chamber and a patient interface. In one implementation, one or both of a COsensor or a temperature sensor can be coupled to the chamber or patient interface to provide the user or caregiver with indicia about the COlevel in, or the temperature of, the chamber or patient interface, and/or the duration of use of the device. In another implementation, the RMET may have a fixed volume portion adjustable to contain a measured portion of a specific patient's inspiratory volume capacity. Methods of using the device are also provided. 1. A respiratory muscle endurance training device comprising:an adjustable chamber adjustable between at least a first interior volume and a second interior volume, said adjustable chamber comprising an output end; anda patient interface connected to said output end of said chamber.2. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of wherein said chamber further comprises an input end and a one-way inhalation valve disposed proximate said input end of said chamber.3. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of further comprising a one-way exhalation valve disposed proximate said input end of said chamber.4. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of further comprising a flow indicator moveable in response to one or both of an inhalation and exhalation.5. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of wherein said adjustable chamber comprises first and second tubular members claim 1 , wherein said first and second tubular members interface and are moveable relative to each other between at least a first and second position so as to define said first and second interior volumes.6. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of further comprising a COsensor coupled to at least one of said chamber and said patient interface.7. The respiratory muscle endurance training device of wherein said COsensor comprises a Fenem colorimetic indicator disposed on an ...

ORAL/NASAL CANNULA MANIFOLD

An oral/nasal cannula manifold gas sampling and oxygen delivering manifold for sampling exhaled breath of a subject and delivering supplemental oxygen, the cannula including a main body portion having a suction port which is connected with a collection tube to a suction device for sampling the exhaled breath of the subject. A nasal prong upwardly protrudes from the main body portion and is positioned for insertion into a nostril of the subject to collect nasally exhaled breath. An oral conduit passage is embedded in a deflector/concentrator plate that extends downwardly from the main body portion and is also provided with a passage with an elongate lateral opening positioned for placement near the mouth of the subject to collect orally exhaled breath of the subject. The conduit passages of the nasal and oral passages are connected to and aligned in the same plane whereby the opposed nasal and oral conduit passages are connected with the conduit passage of the suction port without any adjacent connected void volumes or dead spaces in any of the passages. 1. An oral/nasal gas sampling and oxygen delivery manifold for sampling exhaled breath of a subject and delivering supplemental oxygen , comprising:a main body portion having formed therein a suction port which is dimensioned and adapted to be connected with a collection tube to a suction device for sampling of exhaled breath of said subject;a nasal prong protruding from said main body portion and positioned for insertion into a nostril of said subject to collect nasally exhaled breath of said subject, and having a nasal passage in fluid flow communication with a conduit passage of said suction port; andan oral prong protruding from said main body portion and having a conduit oral passage with an elongate lateral opening providing an elongate open channel in said oral passage positioned for placement near an oral cavity of said subject to collect orally exhaled breath of said subject, and in fluid flow communication ...

Statistical, Noninvasive Measurement of a Patient's Physiological State

Tools and techniques for the rapid, continuous, invasive and/or noninvasive measurement, estimation, and/or prediction of a patient's physiological state. In an aspect, some tools and techniques can estimate predict the onset of conditions intracranial pressure, an amount of blood volume loss, cardiovascular collapse, and/or dehydration. Some tools can recommend (and, in some cases, administer) a therapeutic treatment for the patient's condition. In another aspect, some techniques employ high speed software technology that enables active, long term learning from extremely large, continually changing datasets. In some cases, this technology utilizes feature extraction, state-of-the-art machine learning and/or statistical methods to autonomously build and apply relevant models in real-time.

ATTACHABLE NASAL CANNULA

A respiratory gas measurement system is described. In one embodiment, the respiratory gas measurement system includes a chamber and an adhesive pad. The chamber is configured to collect a respiratory gas. The adhesive pad includes a substrate. At least a portion of a first surface of the substrate is covered with adhesive. The adhesive on the first surface of the substrate attaches the adhesive pad to a first surface of the chamber. The adhesive pad enables the chamber to attach to a surface of another nasal cannula.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis and other diseases using exhaled breath

Disclosed are methods and devices for analyzing aerosol particles in exhaled breath using diagnostic tools that enable rapid, low cost and autonomous point of care assays for several diseases including respiratory tract diseases. Disclosed are methods and devices for capturing exhaled breath aerosols in a packed bed column and analyzing exhaled captured breath aerosols for tuberculosis diagnosis.

Defibrillator Display

Systems and methods related to the field of cardiac resuscitation, and in particular to devices for assisting rescuers in performing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are described herein. 1. A method for monitoring patient activity using an external defibrillator , the method comprising:obtaining data regarding chest compressions performed on the patient;determining values for depth and rate of a plurality of the chest compressions;displaying on a graphical display screen of the defibrillator, indications of the determined values for depth and rate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the values for depth and rate comprises determining numeric values in terms of distance for depth and compressions per minute for rate claim 1 , and wherein displaying the indications of the determined values for depth and rate comprises displaying numbers that correspond to the determined numeric values.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising displaying an icon adjacent the indications of the determined values that indicates whether the chest compressions are being performed properly.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a color of the icon changes based on whether the chest compressions are being performed properly or improperly.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving information about the patient's heart activity and displaying on the graphical display claim 1 , with the determined values for depth and rate claim 1 , an electrocardiogram of the patient.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein displaying the electrocardiogram comprises moving an electrocardiogram trace laterally across the display7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising displaying an unfiltered electrocardiogram claim 6 , sensing that chest compressions have commenced on the patient claim 6 , and subsequently displaying a filtered electrocardiogram.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising momentarily displaying on a trace of the electrocardiogram claim 7 , an unfiltered portion ...

Capnography Module with Automatic Switching Between Mainstream and Sidestream Monitoring

A capnography module for a patient monitoring system includes a hardware switching mechanism and a software mechanism for switching the capnography module automatically between a mainstream monitoring mode and a sidestream monitoring mode. The hardware switching mechanism along with software detection is capable of detecting the connection of a mainstream capnography sensor and a sidestream sampling line and generates flags to notify the software switching mechanism which sensor or line is connected. The software switching mechanism notifies a controller board in the module which monitoring system is available and the controller board operates the module in the respective mode. The capnography module also includes a connector latching mechanism for securing the mainstream capnography sensor to the module and preventing accidental disconnection. 1. A capnography module for use with a patient monitoring system , said capnography module comprising:a monitor connector for connecting said capnography module to a monitor of said patient monitoring system, said monitor connector providing a pathway for data transmission between said capnography module and said patient monitoring system;a mainstream connector for connecting a mainstream capnography sensor to said capnography module;a sidestream port for connecting a sidestream sampling line to said capnography module;a mainstream gas values parser for analyzing data provided by a mainstream capnography sensor attached to said mainstream connector;a sidestream capnography sensor for monitoring gases provided by a sidestream sampling line attached to said sidestream port;a sidestream gas values parser for analyzing data provided by said sidestream capnography sensor;a hardware switching mechanism, comprising a plurality of circuits and communication interfaces between said circuits;a controller circuit in communication with said hardware switching mechanism and said monitor of said patient monitoring system; and,a software ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGH FLOW OXYGEN THERAPY

A method of method of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) and carbon dioxide (CO) monitoring includes delivering high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) via a central lumen of a nasal cannula, the nasal cannula comprising a proximal end, a distal end positioned within a pharynx region of a patient's airway, and the central lumen and a sampling lumen formed within a wall of the nasal cannula. The method also includes receiving sampled exhaled breath of the patient via the sampling lumen at a COmonitor, wherein the sampling lumen is configured to sample the exhaled breath at the pharynx region through the CO2-permeable membrane and direct the sampled exhaled breath to a COmonitor fluidly coupled to the sampling lumen and determining a level of COin the exhaled breath using the COmonitor. 1. A method of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) and carbon dioxide (CO) monitoring comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, "delivering high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) via a central lumen of a nasal cannula, the nasal cannula comprising a proximal end, a distal end positioned within a pharynx region of a patient's airway, and the central lumen, and further comprising an inflatable cuff coupled to an exterior wall of the nasal cannula to anchor the distal end within the pharynx region and a sampling lumen formed within a wall of the nasal cannula, the sampling lumen terminating in a carbon dioxide (CO) permeable membrane positioned at or near the distal end of the nasal cannula, and wherein the CO-permeable membrane is selectively permeable to COrelative to oxygen;"}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'receiving sampled exhaled breath of the patient via the sampling lumen at a COmonitor, wherein the sampling lumen is configured to sample the exhaled breath at the pharynx region through the CO-permeable membrane and direct the sampled exhaled breath to a COmonitor fluidly coupled to the sampling lumen; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'determining a level of COin the exhaled breath using the COmonitor.'}2. The method of claim 1 , ...

DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING AND ANALYZING VAPOR CONDENSATE, PARTICULARLY EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE, AS WELL AS METHOD OF USING THE SAME

The present invention is related to the field of bio/chemical sensing, assays and applications. Particularly, the present invention is related to collecting a small amount of a vapor condensate sample (e.g. the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from a subject of a volume as small as 10 fL (femto-Liter) in a single drop), preventing or significantly reducing an evaporation of the collected vapor condensate sample, analyzing the sample, analyzing the sample by mobile-phone, and performing such collection and analysis by a person without any professionals. 1. A device for collecting and analyzing a vapor condensate (VC) sample , comprising: i. the plates are movable relative to each other into different configurations;', 'ii. one or both plates are flexible;', 'iii. each of the plates has, on its respective surface, a sample contact area for contacting a vapor condensate (VC) sample that contains an analyte;', 'iv. one or both of the plates comprise spacers, wherein at least one of the spacers is inside the sample contact area;, 'a collection plate and a cover plate, whereinwherein one of the configurations is an open configuration, in which: the two plates are either completely or partially separated apart, the spacing between the plates is not regulated by the spacers, and the VC sample is deposited on one or both of the plates by directly condensing a vapor on the plate or the plates; andwherein another of the configurations is a closed configuration which is configured after the VC sample deposition in the open configuration; and in the closed configuration: at least a part of the VC sample is between the two plates and in contact with the two plates, and has a highly uniform thickness that is regulated by the spacers and the two sample surfaces of the plates and is equal to or less than 30 um with a small variation.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises a dry reagent coated on one or both of the plates.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

NASOPHARYNGEAL CANNULA FOR SIDE-STREAM CAPNOGRAPHY

The invention relates to a nasopharyngeal cannula () comprising a body () formed by a tubular portion () that is curved so as to be inserted into a patient's nostril and a collar () for resting on the base of the patient's nostril. The cannula also comprises a main channel () forming a fluid passage between the collar and the tubular portion of the body and two auxiliary channels () formed in the body and extending from the collar into the main channel. Each auxiliary channel opens into the collar at an inlet/outlet port () oriented radially in relation to the axis (II-II′) of the main channel such as to be oriented laterally on each side of the patient's nostril when the cannula is in place on the patient. 112431534267235673647451. A nasopharyngeal cannula () comprising a body () formed by a tubular portion () that is curved so as to be inserted into a patient's nostril , and by a collar () that is able to rest on the base of the patient's nostril , the cannula () comprising a main conduit () forming a fluid passage between the collar () and the tubular portion () of the body () , and two auxiliary conduits ( , ) which are formed in the body () and extend from the collar () into the main conduit () , characterized in that each auxiliary conduit ( , ) opens into the collar () at an input/output orifice ( , ) oriented radially with respect to the axis (II-II′) of the main conduit () so as to be oriented laterally on each side of the patient's nostril when the cannula () is fitted on the patient.21647451. The cannula () as claimed in claim 1 , in which the direction between each input/output orifice ( claim 1 , ) and the axis (II-II′) of the main conduit () forms an angle of between −10° and 20° claim 1 , more particularly between 0° and 10° claim 1 , with an axis orthogonal to the axis of the patient's nose when the cannula () is fitted on the patient.313676736474. The cannula () as claimed in either of and claim 1 , in which the collar () comprises an input/output ...

Breathing Detection Apparatus

An apparatus including a tubular channel having a pathway extending between a proximal end and a distal end of the tubular channel. The proximal end is configured to connect directly or indirectly to an end tidal COmonitor. The distal end has an opening. The apparatus further includes a detection member including a chamber disposed in fluid communication with the pathway of the tubular channel such that gas entering the tubular channel via the opening on the distal end passes into the chamber. A detection element is disposed within the chamber and includes a component that is sensitive to one or more systemic biomarkers such that, upon exposure to a predetermined concentration level of the one or more systemic biomarkers contained in the gas, a state of the detection element experiences a permanent alteration and the detection member indicates that the predetermined concentration level of the one or more systemic biomarkers is present in the gas. 1. A sampling apparatus , comprising:a sampling tube to sample exhaled breath;a housing into which the sampling tube transmits a sample of the exhaled breath, the housing including a slot disposed into a side of the housing such that when a cannula is laterally inserted into the slot, the cannula extends in a direction parallel to a direction of extension of the sampling tube; anda collar that is connectable to the housing and is configured to be positioned in a connected position or a disconnected position,wherein, when the collar is in the connected position, an external wall of the collar prevents removal of an inserted cannula from the slot, andwherein, when the collar is in the disconnected position, the cannula is insertable and/or removable from the slot.2. The sampling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the collar slides over the sampling tube to connect to the housing and engage the connected position.3. The sampling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sampled breath is carried to an end tidal ...

COMBINED EXHALED AIR AND ENVIRONMENTAL GAS SENSOR APPARATUS

A combined exhaled air and environmental gas sensor apparatus for mobile respiratory equipment includes a housing, wherein the housing includes a port aperture, a connector configured to attach the port aperture to a respiratory exhaust port, and at least an ambient aperture connecting to an exterior environment, a sensor positioned within the housing, the sensor configured to detect a carbon dioxide level and generate sensor outputs indicating detected carbon dioxide level, a processor communicatively connected to the sensor, the processor including a memory, a breath analysis mode and an environmental analysis mode, wherein the processor is configured to receive a plurality of sensor outputs from the sensor, match the plurality of sensor outputs to mode parameter profile, and switch between the breath analysis mode and the environmental analysis mode as a function of the mode parameter profile. 1. A combined exhaled air and environmental gas sensor apparatus for mobile respiratory equipment , the apparatus comprising: a connector configured to attach to a respiratory exhaust port; and', permit a free flow of the ambient air within the plenum; and', 'permit a free flow of exhaled air from the respiratory exhaust port within the plenum during exhalation;, 'a plenum in fluidic communication with the connector and an ambient air, wherein the plenum is configured to], 'a housing, wherein the housing further comprisesa sensor positioned within the plenum, the sensor configured to detect a carbon dioxide level and generate a plurality of sensor outputs indicating the detected carbon dioxide level; receive a plurality of sensor outputs from the sensor;', 'analyze the detected carbon dioxide level associated with the flow of the ambient air; and', 'analyze the detected carbon dioxide level associated with the flow of the exhaled air., 'a processor communicatively connected to the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plenum ...

GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CALCULATING VENTILATORY THRESHOLD AND EVALUATING PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYERTENSION

Systems and methods for estimating a ventilatory threshold for a patient and estimating likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension are provided. An example method includes determining ratios of minute ventilation to rate of oxygen uptake based on breath-by-breath data for a patient. The example method also includes determining a ventilatory threshold based upon the determined ratios and determining a score based upon an end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold and a minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold. The method also includes using the score to estimate a likelihood that the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension and causing the estimated likelihood to be displayed on a user interface. 1. A method for estimating likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension , the method comprising:determining ratios of minute ventilation to rate of oxygen uptake based on breath-by-breath data for a patient;determining a ventilatory threshold based upon the determined ratios;determining a score based upon an end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold and a minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold;using the score to estimate a likelihood that the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension; andcausing the estimated likelihood to be displayed on a user interface.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving breath-by-breath data captured by a gas exchange system during a submaximal gas exchange test.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:mapping the PetCO2 value at the determined ventilatory threshold to a PetCO2 parameter score; andmapping the VE/VCO2 value at the determined ventilatory threshold to a VE/VCO2 parameter score.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein determining a score based upon the end ...

BREATH ANALYZER DEVICES AND BREATH TEST METHODS

The present invention provides an improved breath analyzer and breath test method to determine the presence of disease in humans, including but not limited to, the bacterium in a subjects digestive tract. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a universal breath testing platform and methods of testing for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs, along with testing for cancer, infections, and metabolic diseases. 111.-. (canceled)12. A breath test method , comprising steps of:(a) providing a portable breath analyzer, wherein the portable breath analyzer comprises:(i) A removable mouthpiece; and(ii) A main body, wherein the main body includes a first sensor, a second sensor, a processor and an electrical circuit, wherein the first sensor comprises ammonia selective material that has a resistivity that increases in response to increased concentration of ammonia gas, wherein the second sensor comprises carbon dioxide selective material that has a resistivity that increases in response to increased concentration of carbon dioxide gas, wherein the electrical circuit operably connects the first sensor and the second sensor to the processor, and wherein the processor measure resistivity of the first sensor and the second sensor;(b) prompting a subject to exhale a baseline breath sample into the removable mouthpiece;(c) allowing the processor to measure a resistivity of the first sensor that occurs when the baseline breath sample contacts the first sensor;{'sup': '13', 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, '(d) prompting the subject to ingest either labeled urea (CO(NH)) or unlabeled urea CO(NH));'}(e) prompting the subject to exhale a post-urea breath sample into the removable mouthpiece;(f) allowing the processor to measure a resistivity of the first sensor that occurs when the post-urea breath sample contacts the first sensor; and(g) comparing the measured resistivity of the baseline breath sample to the measured resistivity of the ...

PERSONALIZED BASELINES, VISUALIZATIONS, AND HANDOFFS

A system for determining personalized baselines for use across multiple locations and by multiple caregivers. The system aggregates physiological parameters measured at a first location, determines a personalized baseline based on the aggregated physiological parameters, and generates a user interface that compares physiological parameters measured at a second location to the personalized baseline. 1. A system for determining personalized baselines for use across multiple locations and by multiple caregivers , the system comprising:at least one processor; and aggregate physiological parameters measured at a first location;', 'determine a personalized baseline based on the aggregated physiological parameters; and', 'generate a user interface that compares physiological parameters measured at a second location to the personalized baseline., 'memory encoding instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first location is different from the second location claim 1 , and the first and second locations are selected from the group consisting of a hospital claim 1 , long-term-care facility claim 1 , skilled nursing facility claim 1 , physician office claim 1 , and a patient's home.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the personalized baselines are customizable based on a status of a patient including when the patient is at rest claim 1 , when the patient is active claim 1 , after the patient concludes an activity claim 1 , and when the patient is sleeping.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the personalized baselines are customizable based on previous hospitalization discharge data.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system analyzes changes to the personalized baselines by one or more types of interventions.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the memory encodes additional instructions which claim 1 , when executed by the at least one processor claim 1 , cause the at least one ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE METABOLIC CAPACITY OF AT LEAST ONE ENZYME

A method for determining the metabolic capacity of an enzyme includes time-resolved determination of the concentration of a product in exhaled air. The product is created by metabolism of a substrate, previously administered to an individual, by an enzyme of the individual. The product concentration is determined until the maximum product concentration in the exhaled air is reached. A model function is fitted to measured values of the product concentration, obtained by the time-resolved determination of the product concentration between start and end times. The metabolic capacity of the enzyme is determined based on parameters of the model function. Determining the metabolic capacity of the enzyme takes place based on at least two parameters of the model function, wherein the maximum value and time constant of the model function are not selected as parameters at the same time, and the start and/or end times are not selected as parameters. 1. A method for determining the metabolic capacity of at least one enzyme , comprising the following steps:time-resolved determination of the concentration of a product in the air exhaled by an individual, wherein the product has been created by a metabolism of a substrate, previously administered to the individual, by at least one enzyme of the individual and wherein the product concentration is determined at the least until the maximum product concentration in the air exhaled by the individual is reached,fitting of a model function to measured values of the product concentration, which were obtained by the time-resolved determination of the product concentration between a start time and an end time, anddetermination of the metabolic capacity of the enzyme on the basis of parameters of the model function, which specify the model function,wherein determining the metabolic capacity of the enzyme takes place on the basis of at least two parameters of the model function, with the proviso that the maximum value of the model function ...

PASSIVE, PROPORTIONAL MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONSUMPTION FOR ASSESSMENT OF METABOLIC PARAMETERS

A conventional flow tube for a metabolic cart is usually a straight length of pipe whose inner diameter is fixed by the respiratory burden imposed by the flow tube on the user, with a smaller diameter imposing a higher respiratory burden. The ratio of the straight flow tube's length to diameter is fixed by fluid dynamics, so increasing the flow tube's diameter causes the flow tube's length to increase. As the flow tube gets longer, it exerts more torque on the user's neck and jaw, creating discomfort. Reducing the flow tube's length causes an undesired increase in the respiratory burden but increasing the flow tube's diameter to reduce the respiratory burden makes the flow tube less comfortable, making the flow tube unconformable, hard to breathe through, or both. Bending the flow tube, e.g., in an L shape, makes it possible to increase the flow tube's propagation length without increasing the flow tube's lever arm length. 1. A flow-rate proportional passive side-stream sampling system comprising:a bent flow tube to receive an exhaled breath from a person;a mixing chamber, in fluid communication with a first port between an inlet of the bent flow tube and an outlet of the bent flow tube, to receive a fraction of the exhaled breath collected in proportion to an instantaneous flow rate of the exhaled breath; andat least one sensor, in fluid communication with gas in the mixing chamber, to measure at least one of a volumetric flow rate, an oxygen content, a carbon dioxide content, an oxygen partial pressure, or a carbon dioxide partial pressure of the fraction of the exhaled breath.2. The flow-rate proportional passive side-stream sampling system of claim 1 , wherein the bent flow tube has a curve of about 75 degrees to about 105 degrees between the inlet and the outlet claim 1 , the bent flow tube defining an inner lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end to convey the exhaled breath from the proximal end to the distal end claim 1 , the first port being ...

METHODS AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING PROPER CONNECTION OF A CONNECTOR IN A GAS SAMPLING LINE

A gas analyzing module includes a first connector, which includes a connection detection mechanism (CDM), and is connectable to a gas sampling line via a second connector. The gas analyzing module also includes a pump, a pressure sensor and a controller. The controller controls operation of the pump and receives a signal from the CDM. When the pump is on/active, the controller measures the CDM output signal, and if the CDM output signal indicates misconnection between the first connector and the second connector, the controller switches the pump off only if a pressure measured in the gas sampling line corroborates the CDM's misconnection indication, or, if the measured pressure refutes the CDM's misconnection indication, the controller maintains the pump's on state. The gas analyzing module may be a capnography module configured for capnography. Also provided is a gas analyzing system that includes the gas analyzing module and a gas analyzer. 1. A capnograph module for a capnograph system , the capnograph module comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a capnograph connector configured to receive COsamples from a gas sampling line via a gas sampling line connector, said capnograph connector comprising a light source and a light sensor;'}{'sub': '2', 'a pump configured to draw COsamples via the capnograph connector for analysis;'}a pressure sensor configured to sense pressure in the gas sampling line; anda controller configured to control operation of the pump and light source and to measure intensity of light sensed by the light sensor,wherein the controller is configured to:when the pump is on/active, sample light while switching the light source “on” and “off”; and (i) switch the pump off when a pressure measured in the gas sampling line corroborates the light samples misconnection indication; and', '(ii) maintain the pump in the on state if the measured pressure refutes the light samples misconnection indication., 'when light samples indicate misconnection between the capnograph ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ESTIMATING SHUNT

In a CO-based method for estimating shunt of a subject, a first value related to alveolar COof the subject is obtained from COmeasurements on expiration gas exhaled by said subject, a second value is obtained related to arterial COof the subject, a third value is obtained related to cardiac output [Q] or effective pulmonary perfusion [EPP] of the subject, a fourth value is obtained related to COelimination [VCO] of the subject, the shunt of the subject is calculated based on said first, second, third and fourth values. The method allows the shunt of the subject to be determined in a non-invasive or minimally-invasive way without requiring determination of the venous or capillary COcontents of the subject, which in turn allows the method to be carried out at the bedside, enabling reliable monitoring of shunt in clinical practice. 1. A method for estimating shunt of a subject , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'obtaining, from carbon dioxide [CO] measurements on expiration gas exhaled by said subject, a first value related to alveolar COof said subject;'}{'sub': '2', 'obtaining a second value related to arterial COof said subject;'}{'sub': 'T', 'obtaining a third value related to cardiac output [Q] or effective pulmonary perfusion [EPP] of said subject;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'obtaining a fourth value related to COelimination [VCO] of said subject; and'}calculating the shunt of the subject based on said first, second, third and fourth values in a processor and generating an electrical signal representing said shunt of the subject, and making the electrical signal available as an output of the processor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said first value related to alveolar COis a value of alveolar COpartial pressure [PACO] claim 1 , concentration or volume claim 1 , and said second value related to arterial COis a value of arterial COpartial pressure [PaCO] claim 1 , concentration or volume claim 1 , and comprising using said first and second values in said ...

SAMPLING INTERFACES

A tubeless patient interface including a grasping member configured to grasp a patient's nose or tooth; and a miniature COsensor attached to the grasping member and configured to measure the concentration of COfrom a patient's breath flow. 1. A tubeless patient interface comprising:a grasping member configured to grasp a patient's nose or tooth; and{'sub': 2', '2, "a miniature COsensor attached to said grasping member and configured to measure the concentration of COfrom a patient's breath flow."}2. The interface of claim 1 , configured to facilitate non-diverted breath sampling.3. The interface of claim 1 , further configured to wirelessly provide the measured COconcentration to a remote control logic.4. The interface of claim 1 , wherein said miniature COsensor is a nano-sized optical sensor.5. The interface of claim 1 , wherein said miniature COsensor is a chemical sensor.6. The interface of claim 1 , wherein said grasping member comprises a first and a second arm claim 1 , and an elastic member configured to connect said first and second arms.7. The interface of claim 6 , wherein said interface is configured to be worn on said patient's nose.8. The interface of claim 6 , wherein said patient interface comprises at least two miniature COsensors; and wherein each of said first and second arms comprises at least one miniature COsensor on a proximal end thereof.9. The interface of claim 8 , wherein said proximal ends of said first and second arms are configured to reach underneath or within a patient's nostrils.10. The interface of claim 6 , wherein stretching of said elastic member is indicative of said interface being worn by said patient.11. The interface of claim 10 , wherein said interface is further configured to on/off patient detection based on said stretching of said elastic member.12. The interface of claim 6 , wherein said elastic member comprises an SpOprobe.13. The interface of claim 1 , wherein said grasping member comprises a circlip configured to ...

NASOPHARYNGEAL OR OROPHARYNGEAL CANNULA FOR MAIN-STREAM CAPNOGRAPHY

The invention relates to a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal cannula () comprising a body () formed by a tube () extending through a collar () which can rest on the outer edges of a buccal or nasal cavity of a patient, said tube comprising a first portion () that is at least partially curved so as to be inserted into the patient's buccal or nasal cavity as far as the pharynx and a main channel () forming a fluid passage between the two ends () of the tube. The tube comprises a hard second portion () disposed on one side of the collar opposite the first portion, said second portion comprising a notch (E) transverse to the axis of the main channel and configured to receive infrared means that can obtain a capnography measurement of the air exhaled through the main channel. 1110220440330440330434305504142410420440440444403304343044440550550. An oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cannula ( , ) comprising a body ( , ) formed by a tube ( , ) extending through a collar ( , ) that is able to rest on the outer edges of an oral or nasal cavity , respectively , of a patient , the tube ( , ) comprising , on one side of the collar ( , ) , a first portion ( , ) that is at least partially curved so as to be inserted into the oral or nasal cavity , respectively , of the patient as far as the pharynx , and a main conduit ( , ) forming a fluid passage between the two ends ( and ; and ) of the tube ( , ) , characterized in that the tube ( , ) comprises a rigid second portion ( , ) arranged on the side of the collar ( , ) opposite the first portion ( , ) , the second portion ( , ) having a notch (E) which is transverse with respect to the axis (II-II′ , VIII-VIII′) of the main conduit ( , ) and which is configured to receive infrared means that are able to perform a capnographic measurement of the air exhaled through the main conduit ( , ).2110033065756505501106575650676022033055043430440. The cannula ( claim 1 , ) as claimed in claim 1 , in which the collar ( claim 1 , ) comprises two ...

Sleep Apnea Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Machine with Advanced Diagnostics and Self-Cleaning Capabilities

A new Continuous/Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure device (C/BiPAP) is operable which includes both a device with a bi-directional mode of operation in a housing and a user mask to deliver air and oxygen flows and direct exhaled air to a control device. A control system receives inputs for oxygen, carbon monoxide, heart rate and air flow, both inhaled and exhale pressure and varies the input of air and oxygen and adjust the negative pressure in response to those readings. The novel features of the device including self-cleaning of the mask when it is placed in the within the housing, the inclusion of a lithium battery for back-up and for use outdoors, and wireless capabilities in the control device. The self cleaning regime includes a water storage compartment, a water heater, and a tube running to the self-cleaning compartment.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING RESPIRATORY BIOMETRICS

Some embodiments are directed to a self-contained breathing mask for measuring and monitoring the breath of a human subject. The mask may be lightweight, self-contained, and physically untethered to any test or measurement equipment, providing the subject full mobility, and allowing him/her to perform almost any daily activity during use. The mask may include integrated sensors for measuring properties of the subject's breath, over any length of time, providing respiratory information like breath count, rate and volume, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production, as well as various biometric information. 1. A method for determining a concentration (X) of a gas component in breath exhaled by a subject , the method being for use in a system comprising a flow path through which flows air exhaled by the subject and air to be inhaled by the subject , the flow path comprising at least one sensor configured to measure the concentration of the gas component , the method comprising acts of:(A) receiving a plurality of readings by the at least one sensor of the concentration of the gas component;(B) based at least in part on the plurality of readings, determining a time-averaged value X of the concentration of the gas component;{'sub': 'e', '#text': '(C) based at least in part on the time-averaged value X of the concentration of the gas component, determining the concentration Xof the gas component in air exhaled by the subject; and'}{'sub': 'e', '#text': '(D) determining at least one respiratory or metabolic value concerning the subject based at least in part on the determined concentration Xof the gas component.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the concentration Xin the act (C) employs a linear function of X comprising a multiplicative coefficient of X equal to 2 claim 1 , reflecting similar amounts of exhaled and inhaled air being exposed to the at least one sensor over the time period.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the concentration ...

PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFYING THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF MULTIPLE POSSIBLE FORMS OF CHRONIC DISEASE TO PATIENT REPORTED DYSPNEA

Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient. 1. A system for characterizing contributions of physiological conditions to dyspnea in a patient , the system comprising:a flow sensor configured to sense a respiratory flow of the patient;an analyzer configured to determine a composition of at least a portion of the respiratory flow of the patient; receive gas exchange measurements based on breath-by-breath data captured by the flow sensor and the analyzer during a gas exchange test;', 'determine a first contribution value associated with a first physiological condition, wherein the first contribution value is based on the gas exchange measurements;', 'determine a second contribution value associated with a second physiological condition, wherein the second contribution value is based on the gas exchange measurements; and', 'output the first contribution value and the second contribution value., 'a computing device configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computing device is further configured to receive spirometric measurements including forced vital capacity (FVC) ...

END-TIDAL GAS MONITORING APPARATUS

A non-invasive monitoring apparatus for end-tidal gas concentrations, and a method of use thereof, is described for the detection of endogenous gas concentrations, including respiratory gases, in exhaled breath. 1. An end-tidal gas monitoring apparatus for monitoring gas in the exhaled breath of a mammal comprising:a gas conduit configured for fluid communication with the exhaled breath of a mammal;a diverter valve in fluid communication with the gas conduit, wherein the diverter valve controls gas flow to a gas sensor downstream of the diverter valve;{'sub': 2', '2, 'a COsensor upstream of the diverter valve in communication with a controller which determines COlevels in the exhaled breath of a mammal to determine when the diverter valve should direct gas flow to the gas sensor; and'}a recirculation loop downstream of the diverter valve to provide a continuous gas flow to the gas sensor.2. The end-tidal gas monitoring apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gas sensor is a hydrogen sulfide gas sensor claim 1 , carbon monoxide gas sensor claim 1 , carbon dioxide gas sensor claim 1 , hydrogen gas sensor claim 1 , nitric oxide gas sensor claim 1 , or nitrogen dioxide gas sensor.3. The apparatus of further comprising: computer operably coupled to the gas sensor component; a memory component operably coupled to the computer; a database stored within the memory component.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the computer is configured to calculate and collect cumulative data on an amount of exhaled gas by the mammal.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the exhaled gas is end-tidal hydrogen sulfide claim 4 , end-tidal carbon monoxide claim 4 , end-tidal carbon dioxide claim 4 , end-tidal hydrogen claim 4 , end-tidal nitric oxide claim 4 , or end-tidal nitrogen dioxide.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the computer is capable of providing information that alerts a user of the computer of a significant deviation of exhaled gas concentrations from predetermined exhaled gas ...

INHALATION OF NITRIC OXIDE FOR TREATING RESPIRATORY DISEASES

A method of treating a human subject which is effected by intermittent inhalation of gaseous nitric oxide at a concentration of at least 160 ppm is disclosed. The method can be utilized for treating a human subject suffering from, or prone to suffer from, a disease or disorder that is manifested in the respiratory tract, or from a disease or disorder that can be treated via the respiratory tract. The disclosed method can be effected while monitoring one or more of on-site and off-site parameters such as vital signs, methemoglobin levels, pulmonary function parameters, blood chemistry and hematological parameters, blood coagulation parameters, inflammatory marker levels, liver and kidney function parameters and vascular endothelial activation parameters, such that no substantial deviation from a baseline in seen in one or more of the monitored parameters. 128-. (canceled)29. A method of treating an infant suffering from bronchiolitis , the method comprising administering to the infant via inhalation at least 160 ppm±10% gNO for about 10 to about 45 minutes , 1 to 6 times per day for 1 to 7 days.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of bacterial bronchiolitis claim 29 , viral bronchiolitis claim 29 , and fungal bronchiolitis.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the bronchiolitis is associated with a virus.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the virus is selected from the group consisting of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) claim 31 , a rhinovirus claim 31 , a coronavirus claim 31 , an enterovirus claim 31 , an influenza A virus claim 31 , an influenza B virus claim 31 , a parainfluenza 1 virus claim 31 , a parainfluenza 2 virus claim 31 , a parainfluenza 3 virus claim 31 , a bocavirus claim 31 , a human metapneumovirus claim 31 , SARS claim 31 , and an adenovirus.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the virus is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).34. The method of claim 29 , wherein the gNO is ...

SUPRAGLOTTIC AIRWAY DEVICE WITH A DYNAMIC CUFF WITH SUPERIOR VENTILATING CAPABILITY

This invention is a device to be used with a system for supplying anaesthetic or respiratory gases into the airway of a human or an animal. This device is a supraglottic airway device, which includes a shaft with three tubes one for ventilation purpose and rest two for dynamic cuff inflation and other for suctioning purpose. The dynamic cuff is inflated by the gases supplied directly from the anaesthesia or ventilator circuit through a specialised adaptor via dynalumen. The “cuff inflation lumen” (“DynaLumen”) will also be having a locking mechanism to enable its use like a conventional LMA; i.e., the cuff can be left continuously inflated both during positive pressure ventilation as well as less during expiratory phase and during spontaneous respiration. 1) An airway device for insertion into the oral cavity comprising of a shaft , a proximal end , a distal end and a specialised connector{'b': 1', '2', '3, 'a) The body or “shaft” comprises of three cylindrical tube members (Tube , Tube , and Tube ) arranged with their long axes adjacent to each other.'}{'b': 1', '2, 'b) The proximal end of the shaft is connected to the mechanical ventilator/manual resuscitator through a specialised connector (“adapter”) through the proximal ends of the cylindrical tube members Tube and Tube .'}{'b': '2', 'c) The distal end of the shaft comprises of an almond shaped/elliptical ‘bowl’ mainly formed by the distal end of the Tube , which is surrounded by inflatable cuffs on its sides and at the rear.'}2121) The Tube as set forth in (a) , extends from the proximal end of the shaft , along the Tube (as set forth in (a)) till the distal end , where it terminates inside one or more inflatable cuffs as set forth in claim (c).321) The Tube as set forth in claim (a) extends from the proximal end of the shaft till the distal end , where it terminates forming an almond shaped/elliptical “bowl” which rests over the glottis when positioned in the patient's pharynx , enabling air exchange.43122) ...

NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY WITH CAPNOGRAPHY

The nasopharyngeal airway is a modified airway adjunct designed to facilitate proper ventilation when connected to an oxygenation system. The presently claimed invention ensures healthcare providers are able to obtain real-time information based on a patient's ventilation and breathing patterns and maximizes supplemental oxygen delivered to a patient, allowing him or her to breathe comfortably while connected to a breathing system. The nasopharyngeal airway with capnography prevents over-inflation of a patient's lungs, which can cause intense discomfort and further exacerbate medical issues, while also providing improved monitoring of a patient's breathing, thereby ensuring the patient is able to breathe properly and maintain the required oxygen levels. 1. A nasopharyngeal airway with capnography comprising:a. a main tube having a first end with a diameter equal to that of the tube, and a second flared end with a diameter greater than that of the main tube;b. a monitoring and oxygenation tube operably connected inside the main tube at a first end so that oxygen may be supplied to the main tube via the monitoring and oxygenation tube and a patient's breath may be monitored by a monitoring device by the monitoring and oxygenation tube; (i) one or more ridges around a circumference of a port end of the connection end; and', '(ii) two parallel grip tabs set opposing each other around a circumference of a tube end of the connection end,', 'wherein the connection end is operably connected at the tube end to a second end of the monitoring and oxygenation tube so that it can be removably plugged into a port on the monitoring device at the port end, thereby connecting the monitoring and oxygenation tube to the monitoring device., 'c. a connection end having'}2. The nasopharyngeal airway with capnography according to claim 1 , wherein the main tube comprises a soft plastic material or a rubber material.3. The nasopharyngeal airway with capnography according to claim 1 , ...

Assembly and Method for Measuring a Substance Concentration in a Gaseous Medium by Means of Absorption Spectroscopy

An assembly and a method for measuring a gas concentration by means of absorption spectroscopy, in particular for capnometric measurement of the proportion of COin breathing air in which IR light from a thermal light source is guided through a measuring cell with a gas mixture to be analyzed, and the concentration of the gas to be measured that is contained in the gas mixture is determined by measuring an attenuation of the light introduced into the measuring cell caused by absorption by the gas to be measured. The thermal light source is designed as an encapsulated micro-incandescent lamp with a light-generating coil. 1. An assembly for measuring a gas concentration by means of absorption spectroscopy in which IR light is guided from a thermal light source through a measuring cell with a gas mixture to be analyzed , and the gas concentration of a gas to be measured that is contained in the gas mixture is determined by measuring an attenuation of the light introduced into the measuring cell caused by absorption by the gas to be measured , wherein the assembly has an optical beam path with a thermal light source that generates IR light , the measuring cell that can be filled or is filled with the gas mixture , and a measuring path for the light generated by the thermal light source , one or more sensors as well as one or more bandpass filters that are upstream from the one or more sensors , wherein the assembly furthermore comprises an evaluation apparatus that is designed to determine the gas concentration to be measured from the attenuation of the IR light in the measuring cell , wherein at least one bandpass filter is designed to transmit within a measuring wavelength range in which the gas to be measured absorbs IR light , and at least one bandpass filter is designed to transmit in a reference wavelength range in which the gas to be measured does not absorb IR light or only absorbs a slight amount in comparison to the measuring wavelength range , wherein the ...

PHYSIOLOGICAL INFORMATION MEASURING APPARATUS, RESPIRATION INTERVAL DISPLAYING METHOD, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM

A physiological information measuring apparatus includes: a display controller that, based on information indicating a respiration interval of a patient, is configured to produce a respiration interval graph in which a first axis indicates time information, and a second axis indicates a length of the respiration interval, and that is configured to control a displaying section to display the respiration interval graph, the display controller that is configured to reset a value of the second axis of the respiration interval graph, at each time when the respiration interval starts. 1. A physiological information measuring apparatus comprising:a display controller that, based on information indicating a respiration interval of a patient, is configured to produce a respiration interval graph in which a first axis indicates time information, and a second axis indicates a length of the respiration interval, and that is configured to control a displaying section to display the respiration interval graph,the display controller that is configured to reset a value of the second axis of the respiration interval graph, at each time when the respiration interval starts.2. The physiological information measuring apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe display controller is configured to control the display section to display the respiration interval graph together with information indicating an abnormal value.3. The physiological information measuring apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a storage section that is configured to store a history of the respiration interval, whereinthe display controller is configured to get the history from the storage section, produce the respiration interval graph, and control the displaying section to display the respiration interval graph.4. The physiological information measuring apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an abnormality detector that is configured to determine whether the respiration interval detected ...

Oxygen face mask and component system

An oxygen face mask and component system is provided, the mask is designed to cover a user's nose and at least partially cover a user's mouth, the mask having lateral ports. Systems and assemblies including such a face mask and additional components are further provided, including a colorimetric CO 2 detector, a sealing cap with or without a resilient sealing flap, a capnography gas analysis unit, a non-rebreather valve, a pulmonary function module, nebulizer, a gas scavenging system, a gas reservoir system, a gas filter, sample lines that are either straight or at an angle, and an aerosol mask platform; and methods of making and using such a face mask are also provided.

Physiological parameter system

A physiological parameter system has one or more parameter inputs responsive to one or more physiological sensors. The physiological parameter system may also have quality indicators relating to confidence in the parameter inputs. A processor is adapted to combine the parameter inputs, quality indicators and predetermined limits for the parameters inputs and quality indicators so as to generate alarm outputs or control outputs or both.

CAPNOGRAPH SYSTEM FURTHER DETECTING SPONTANEOUS PATIENT BREATHS

A capnograph system may be used together with a ventilation system for a patient. The capnograph system may include a capnography module with a carbon dioxide detector, which may generate a carbon dioxide signal responsive to an amount of carbon dioxide detected within an air path of the ventilation system. A monitoring circuit may further detect a pressure within the air path. A processing component within the capnography module may generate a pressure signal responsive to the pressure detected in the air path. The pressure signal, alone or in combination with other signals such as the carbon dioxide signal, may be used to detect spontaneous breaths of the patient. 1. (canceled)2. A capnograph system configured to be used together with a ventilation system , the ventilation system including a gas source configured to expel repeated bursts of gas and an airway tube defining an air path that communicates with the gas source , the airway tube configured to be inserted in an airway of a patient so as to guide the bursts of gas as artificial inhalations to a lung of the patient , the capnograph system comprising: a cuvette configured to communicate with the air path, and', 'a pump configured to draw gas from the air path into the cuvette, the pump configured to receive a driving signal and operate responsive to the driving signal; and, 'a capnography module includinga monitoring circuit including a driving sensor configured to detect changes in the driving signal; anda processor configured to detect spontaneous breaths of the patient based at least in part on changes in the driving signal.3. The capnography system of claim 2 , wherein the driving sensor is configured to detect a voltage at a power node of the pump to detect changes in the driving signal.4. The capnography system of claim 2 , wherein the driving sensor is configured to detect a current of a conductor attached to the pump to detect changes in the driving signal.5. The capnography system of claim 2 , ...

ASSAY WITH TEXTURED SURFACE

Among other thing, the present invention provides solution to the problem, particularly, the present invention certain surfaces and certain sample holder to improve the sensitivity, speed, and easy-to-use of an optical signal based assays, such as colorimetric assays or fluorescence assays. 1. A device for assaying a sample using light , comprising:a first plate, a second plate, spacers, and a textured surface, wherein:i. the plates are movable relative to each other into different configurations;ii. one or both plates are flexible;iii. the first plate is transparent to the light;iv. the second plate has, on its inner surface, textured structures for scattering the light illuminated on the surface;v. the textured surface is a bumpy, wavy rough surface; andvi. the spacers are fixed to the inner surface of one of the plates, and have a predetermined uniform height that is larger than the average roughness of the textured surface but smaller than 200 um;wherein one of the configurations is an open configuration, in which: the two plates are partially or entirely separated apart, the spacing between the two plates is not regulated by the spacers, and the sample is deposited on one or both of the plates;wherein one of the configurations is a closed configuration, which is configured after the sample deposition in the open configuration, and in the closed configuration: at least part of the deposited sample is compressed by the two plates into a continuous layer; and2. An apparatus , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a) a device of ;'}b) a mobile computing device having a camera module;c) a light source, andd) an external lens.3. A method for assaying a sample using light , comprising the steps of:a) obtaining a sample that contains or is suspected of containing an analyte;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'b) obtaining a device of ;'}c) depositing the sample on one or both of the plates of the device when the plates are in an ...

SLEEP APNEA

Provided are systems and method for prediction and mitigation of apnea of a subject, based on measurements of various physiological parameters of the subject. 1. A system for predicting and mitigating sleep apnea event in a subject , the system comprising:one or more medical monitoring devices configured to measure one or more physiological parameters of the subject;a processing unit configured to integrate the one or more physiological parameters of the subject, to predict an apnea event, based on the measured parameters; anda stimulating unit configured to provide a stimulation to the subject, prior to the apnea event, thereby mitigating said apnea event.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said processing unit is further configured to determine a patient specific pre-apneic pattern in the one or more physiological parameters by applying a learning algorithm to the measured one or more physiological parameters.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein predicting the apnea event comprises detecting the determined patient specific pre-apneic pattern in the one or more measured physiological parameters.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the medical monitoring device comprises a capnograph or a pulse oximeter.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the medical monitoring device further comprises: capnograph claim 4 , pulse oximeter claim 4 , breath flow sensor claim 4 , Electrocardiogram (ECG) claim 4 , Brain activity monitoring device claim 4 , or combinations thereof.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the physiological parameters of the subject comprises: breath related parameters claim 1 , heart related parameters claim 1 , blood related parameters claim 1 , brain electrical activity claim 1 , parameters derived therefrom claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the breath related parameters comprises airflow claim 6 , respiration rate claim 6 , respiration effort claim 6 , breath flow claim 6 , expired CO claim 6 , or combinations thereof.8. The ...

Monitoring System for Identifying an End-Exhalation Carbon Dioxide Value of Enhanced Clinical Utility

A medical monitoring system for identifying an end-exhalation carbon dioxide value of enhanced clinical utility is described herein. The medical monitoring system can include a capnometer for generating an output corresponding to a time-series of exhaled carbon dioxide values from a patient during an exhalation and a processor programmed to analyze the exhalation. In some examples, the processor can also be programmed to identify a peak carbon dioxide value at an end of the exhalation, determine if the peak carbon dioxide value may have been higher if the exhalation had been prolonged, and provide an output responsive to said determination. 1. A medical monitoring system for identifying an end-exhalation carbon dioxide value of enhanced clinical utility comprising:a capnometer for generating an output corresponding to a time-series of exhaled carbon dioxide values from a patient during an exhalation; analyze the exhalation;', 'identify a peak carbon dioxide value at an end of the exhalation;', 'determine if the peak carbon dioxide value may have been higher if the exhalation had been prolonged; and', 'provide an output responsive to said determination., 'a processor programmed to2. The medical monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is programmed to analyze the exhalation by analyzing a plateau of the exhalation.3. The medical monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is programmed to analyze a slope of the plateau of the exhalation.4. The medical monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is programmed to determine that the peak carbon dioxide value may have been higher if the peak carbon dioxide value occurs at an end of a positive slope of the plateau.5. The medical monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the system includes a sensor for indicating a presence of exhaled flow claim 1 , the processor being programmed to determine that the peak carbon dioxide value may have been higher if the exhalation flow did not fall to about ...

Oxygen-capnography mask for continuous co2 monitoring

A face mask for delivering oxygen to, and sampling carbon dioxide exhaled from, a subject includes a partition wall that divides the mask into a subject respiratory space that primarily contains carbon dioxide exhaled by the subject, and an oxygen reservoir space that primarily contain oxygen. The partition wall includes one or two holes to which naris conduits are respectively connected. The naris conduit are positioned in proximity to the subject's nares to closely obtain carbon dioxide samples. The naris conduits enable oxygen to flow from the oxygen reservoir space to the subject respiratory space during inhalation, while quickly expelling traces of CO2, and they configured such that exhaled CO2 quickly fills them up, during exhalation, and while expelling oxygen traces back to the oxygen reservoir space. During exhalation.

VOLUMETRIC CAPNOGRAPHY

A capnographic system, the system comprising one or more processors configured to: (i) receive an initial capnographic measurement from a breath monitoring device, at least when the breath monitoring device is attached to a patient, (ii) receive a primary value of at least one attribute, other than the initial capnographic measurement, characteristic of the patient, (iii) assign, from a database containing at least one set of secondary values corresponding to primary values of the at least one attribute, a secondary value corresponding to the primary value of the at least one attribute, and (iv) calculating, based on a combination of the initial capnographic measurement and the secondary value, a refined capnographic measurement. 1. A capnographic system comprising one or more processors configured to:receive an initial capnographic measurement from a breath monitoring device, at least when said breath monitoring device is attached to a patient;receive a primary value of at least one attribute, other than said initial capnographic measurement, characteristic of said patient;receive, from a database containing at least one set of secondary values assigned to primary values of said at least one attribute, a secondary value corresponding to the primary value of said at least one attribute; andcalculate, based on a combination of said initial capnographic measurement and said secondary value, a refined capnographic measurement.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises the breath monitoring device comprising a sensor configured to obtain the initial capnographic measurement from the patient.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a display configured to display at least one of said initial capnographic measurement and said refined capnographic measurement.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one of said initial capnographic measurement and said refined capnographic measurement is displayed in the form of a chart or a diagram ...

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND DEVICES FOR DIAGNOSING SLEEP APNEA

Systems, methods and devices for diagnosing sleep apnea are provided herein. In one example, a device for detecting airway obstructions may be provided where the device may include a wearable hollow nasal tube to be positioned in an upper airway above a constriction point and an end imaging sensor coupled to the nasal tube to collect airway image data. The device further may include a controller and communication interface to communicatively link and relay airway image data to a select remote device to determine airway obstructions. In some examples, a method may be provided including receiving airway image data from a remote end imaging sensor coupled to a nasal tube disposed within an upper airway above a constriction point, and analyzing the airway image data and displaying in a sleep study report the airway image data to identify airway closures related to obstructive sleep apnea. 1. A device for detecting airway obstructions during sleep to diagnose OSA , comprising:a wearable hollow nasal tube to be positioned in an upper airway above a constriction point;an end imaging sensor coupled to the nasal tube to collect airway image data; anda controller and communication interface to communicatively link and relay the airway image data during sleep to a select remote device to determine airway obstructions.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an inflatable balloon to anchor the nasal tube such that the end imaging sensor is disposed in an airway image data collection position.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the nasal tube is curved relative to a longitudinal axis.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the end imaging sensor is placed at a distal end of the nasal tube such that an image data collection position of the end imaging sensor is within a nasopharynx above the constriction point claim 1 , and wherein the end imaging sensor is further angled downward relative to a nose opening to view an airway.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the end imaging ...

SELECTION, SEGMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXHALED BREATH FOR AIRWAY DISORDERS ASSESSMENT

Methods and systems are described to automatically obtain and analyze a lung airway gas sample from the breath of a person for compositional analysis. These techniques may provide an improved method for example for accurately and reliably measuring nitric oxide for asthma assessment in young children and non-cognizant patients. 1. An apparatus for analyzing nitric oxide levels in breath , comprising:a breathing sensor to measure a breathing pattern parameter;a breath sampling system comprising a plurality of valves to isolate sections of the breath gas sampling system;a first processor containing executable instructions for analyzing breathing pattern parameters of a plurality of breaths;a second processor containing executable instructions for establishing, based on the analyzed breathing pattern parameters of the plurality of breaths, a breathing pattern parameter criteria that delineates between a physiologically representative breath and a physiologically non-representative breath;a third processor containing executable instructions for determining whether a breathing pattern parameter of a breath, exhaled after the plurality of breaths, meets the breathing pattern parameter criteria;a fourth processor containing executable instructions for, in response to a determination that a breathing pattern parameter of the breath meets the breathing pattern parameter criteria, delineating at least a first section of the breath, a second section of the breath, and a third section of the breath, wherein the first section of breath is exhaled before the second section of breath and the second section of breath is exhaled before the third section of breath;a fifth processor containing executable instructions for controlling the plurality of valves to isolate the first section of breath, second section of breath, and third section of breath from each other; andan analyzer to analyze nitric oxide levels in at least one of the second section of the breath and the third section ...

STIMULATOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

An electrode lead comprises an electrically insulative cuff body and at least three axially aligned electrode contacts circumferentially disposed along the inner surface of the cuff body when in the furled state. The electrode contacts may be circumferentially disposed around a nerve, and an electrical pulse train may be delivered to the electrode contacts thereby stimulating the nerve to treat obstructive sleep apnea. The electrical pulse train may be one that pre-conditions peripherally located nerve fascicles to not be stimulated, while stimulating centrally located nerve fascicles. A feedback mechanism can be used to titrate electrode contacts and electrical pulse train to the patient. A sensor that is affixed to the case of a neurostimulator can be used to measure physiological artifacts of respiration, and a motion detector can be used to sense tapping of the neurostimulator to toggle the neurostimulator between an ON position and an OFF position. 1. A method of stimulating a nerve of a patient to treat an ailment , comprising:disposing at least one electrode contact adjacent the nerve; anddelivering an electrical pulse train to at least one of the electrode contacts, thereby treating the ailment,wherein the nerve has one or more peripherally located nerve fascicles and one or more centrally located nerve fascicles further away from the at least one electrode contact than the peripherally located nerve fascicles,wherein the electrical pulse train has an initial, preconditioning current or voltage amplitude and a subsequent higher stimulating current or voltage amplitude, such that the one or more peripherally located nerve fascicles are preconditioned by the initial preconditioning current or voltage amplitude, andthe one or more centrally located nerve fascicles are triggered by the higher stimulating current or voltage amplitude, while the one or more preconditioned peripherally located nerve fascicles are not triggered by the higher stimulating current or ...

DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CO2 MONITORING

The present invention relates to a device, system and method for CO2 monitoring. To enable continuous monitoring at low cost and in a simple manner, the device comprises a signal input () for obtaining one or more monitoring signals () of a monitored area, a breathing monitor () for determining one or more breathing parameters () of one or more subjects present in the monitored area from the obtained one or more monitoring signals, and a CO2 estimation unit () for estimating the CO2 level () in the monitored area based on the determined one or more breathing parameters. 1. A device for CO2 monitoring comprising:a signal input configured to receive one or more monitoring signals of a monitored area, said monitoring signals being comprised in image data of the monitored area;a breathing monitor configured to determine one or more breathing parameters of one or more subjects present in the monitored area from the one or more monitoring signals, anda CO2 estimation unit configured to estimate a change in the CO2 level in the monitored area from a change in the determined one or more breathing parameters.2. The device according to wherein the CO2 estimation unit is configured to estimate an increase in CO2 level when it observes positive change in at least one of breathing rate and breathing volume.3. The device according to wherein the breathing monitor is further configured to establish baseline breathing parameters by obtaining an average breathing rate over an initial period and wherein the CO2 estimation unit estimates the CO2 by comparison of the one or more breathing parameters to said baseline.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein said breathing monitor is configured to separately determine one or more breathing parameters for two or more subjects present in the monitored area and to identify changes of one or more breathing parameters for the two or more subjects separately andwherein said CO2 estimation unit is configured to estimate the absolute CO2 ...

METHODS FOR IMMUNE GLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION

Methods for administering immune globulin and devices for use thereof. The methods may generally include measuring a patient's hemolysis levels and determining whether the patient is suitable for immune globulin treatment, determining whether immune globulin treatment should be continued, and/or determining if the dose needs to be changed. 1. A method of adjusting immune globulin administration to a patient , comprising:administering a dose of immune globulin to the patient;monitoring hemolysis in the patient; andadjusting the dose of administered immune globulin based on the monitored hemolysis.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring the hemolysis in the patient comprises obtaining an end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient according to a monitoring protocol claim 1 , and wherein adjusting the dose of administered immune globulin comprises adjusting the dose based on the end-tidal carbon monoxide level.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring protocol comprises obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient at a set time after immune globulin administration.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the set time is about 15 minutes.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the set time is about 30 minutes and wherein the immune globulin is administered intramuscularly.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring protocol comprises obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient at set intervals during immune globulin administration.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient at set intervals comprises obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient every hour.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring protocol comprises obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide level from the patient when the dose of administered immune globulin is changed.9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring protocol comprises obtaining the end-tidal carbon monoxide ...

AUTOMATED INTERPRETIVE MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGY

Improved apparatus and methods for monitoring, diagnosing and treating at least one medical respiratory condition of a patient are provided, including a medical data input interface adapted to provide at least one medical parameter relating at least to the respiration of the patient, and a medical parameter interpretation functionality () adapted to receive the at least one medical parameter relating at least to the respiration () of the patient and to provide at least one output indication () relating to a degree of severity of at least one medical condition indicated by the at least one medical parameter. 167-. (canceled)68. A method for identifying a degree of severity of a respiratory disorder of a patient , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'receiving, from a capnograph, a COwaveform indicative of partial-pressure COvalues of the patient at consecutive time intervals;'}receiving from a second sensing unit a second signal, and computing at least one additional parameter based on the second signal; [{'sub': 2', '2, 'computing at least one parameter relating to the COwaveform selected from the group consisting of: slope of a COconcentration curve, an angle of rise, a time to rise, run time of the rise, curvature, acceleration, area under the curve, and any combination of these parameters;'}, {'sub': '2', 'determining a change in the at least one parameter relating to the COwaveform over the consecutive time intervals;'}, 'determining a change in the at least one additional parameter over the consecutive time intervals;', {'sub': '2', 'identifying an improvement, lack of change or deterioration in a respiratory status based on the determined change in the at least one parameter relating to the COwaveform;'}, {'sub': 2', '2, 'identifying an improvement, lack of change or deterioration in a vital sign of said patient based on the determined change in the at least one additional parameter and on a change in end-tidal CO(EtCO) values obtained over the consecutive ...

ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS DURING CARDIAC ARREST AND THE POST-RESUSCITATION PERIOD USING SIGNAL PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING

Real-time, short-term analysis of ECG, by using multiple signal processing and machine learning techniques, is used to determine counter shock success in defibrillation. Combinations of measures when used with machine learning algorithms readily predict successful resuscitation, guide therapy and predict complications. In terms of guiding resuscitation, they may serve as indicators and when to provide counter shocks and at what energy levels they should be provided as well as to serve as indicators of when certain drugs should be provided (in addition to their doses). For cardiac arrest, the system is meant to run in real time during all current resuscitation procedures including post-resuscitation care to detect deterioration for guiding care such as therapeutic hypothermia. 1. A method for automated monitoring and online assessment of chances of survival for a patient in cardiac arrest comprising:obtaining an ECG signal from the patient;preprocessing the ECG signal to remove high frequency noise and baseline jumps caused by noise and interference;performing non-linear characterization of the preprocessed ECG signal and calculating the prototype distance;performing feature extraction of the preprocessed ECG signal with complex wavelet transform;performing attribute extraction from the preprocessed ECG signal;{'sub': '2', 'performing attribute extraction from ETCOsignal;'}receiving distance values from non-linear characterization of the preprocessed ECG signal, extracted features of the preprocessed time-series ECG signal and attributes extracted from Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Decomposition of the pre-processed ECG signal, and performing a feature selection with a predictive model;using machine learning to classify results of the feature selection process;generating a shock success prediction, which results in return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC);generating decompensation and re-arrest prediction; andrecommending therapeutic alternatives and medications, thereby ...

NEONATAL CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A breath parameter measuring device is described which takes into account breathing patterns which historically have been incompatible with accurate measurements. In particular, during fast breathing patterns, the sensor performing the measurement may not be able to respond quickly enough to provide the true reading. The disclosure may be useful for example in the case of neonatal breath carbon dioxide measurements. 1. A method of measuring a breath analyte comprising:monitoring a series of breaths with a first sensor;determining a plurality of breath segments of the series of breaths to capture, wherein each of the plurality of breath segments comprises a duration in the first sensor shorter than an analyte response time of the first sensor;collecting the plurality of breath segments together; andmeasuring an analyte concentration of the collection of breath segments using a second sensor, wherein the collection of breath segments comprises a duration longer than a response time of the second sensor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are the same sensor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are both capable of measuring the analyte.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring the series of breaths comprises monitoring each breath's breath rate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring the series of breath comprises monitoring each breath's capnometry signal.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a plurality of breath segments of the series of breaths to capture comprises identifying breaths with a normal end-tidal profile.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a plurality of breath segments of the series of breaths to capture comprises excluding one or more of a non-steady state breath claim 1 , an episodic breath claim 1 , and an erratic breath.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is CO.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor is an infrared ...

Defibrillator Charging

Systems and methods related to the field of cardiac resuscitation, and in particular to devices for assisting rescuers in performing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 1. An external defibrillator comprising:a processor;a defibrillator pulse generator operatively connected to the processor and configured to generate a defibrillating shock; andelectrode pads configured to be operatively connected to the defibrillator pulse generator and the processor to deliver the defibrillating shock from the defibrillator pulse generator to the patient, the electrode pads further configured to deliver one or more ECG signals from the patient to the processor, analyze one or more electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from the patient during delivery of chest compressions to the patient;', 'determine appropriateness of delivering a shock to the patient based on the analysis of the one or more ECG signals during the delivery of chest compressions of a CPR interval;', 'determine that the chest compressions of the CPR interval have been completed;', 'analyze one or more ECG signals acquired in an absence of chest compressions within about 5 seconds after cessation of the chest compressions of the CPR interval to confirm the appropriateness of delivering the shock to the patient; and', 'provide an indication on a display screen of a recommendation of providing a shock to the patient based on the determined appropriateness of delivering the shock to the patient., 'wherein the processor is programmed to2. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the processor is programmed to provide the indication on the display screen of the recommendation of providing the shock to the patient based on the confirmed appropriateness of delivering the shock to the patient from the analysis of the one or more ECG signals acquired in the absence of chest compressions.3. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the analysis of the one or more ECG signals acquired in an absence of chest ...

SLEEP MONITORING

A sleep monitoring system () for monitoring the sleep of a subject is disclosed. The system comprises a COsensor () and a processor () communicatively coupled to the COsensor, wherein the processor is adapted to monitor a COconcentration from sensor data produced by the COsensor; and derive sleep pattern information from the monitored COconcentration, wherein the sleep pattern information comprises at least an indication that the subject is awake and an indication that the subject is asleep. A sleep monitoring method and computer program product are also disclosed. 1. A sleep monitoring system for monitoring the sleep of a subject , comprising a COsensor and a processor communicatively coupled to the COsensor , wherein the processor is adapted to:{'sub': 2', '2, 'monitor a COconcentration from sensor data produced by the COsensor;'}{'sub': '2', 'derive sleep pattern information from the monitored COconcentration, wherein the sleep pattern information comprises at least an indication that the subject is awake and an indication that the subject is asleep;'}wherein;the processor is further adapted to:{'sub': '2', 'provide an indication that the subject is awake when a rate of increase in the monitored COconcentration is greater than a first threshold; and'}{'sub': '2', 'provide an indication that the subject is asleep when the rate of increase in the monitored COconcentration is below the first threshold, optionally wherein the processor is adapted to determine the first threshold by in situ calibration of the sleep monitoring system.'}2. The sleep monitoring system of claim 1 , further comprising a further sensor for producing an indication that the subject is attempting to sleep claim 1 , wherein the processor is adapted to derive sleep pattern information from sensor data produced by the COsensor and the further sensor claim 1 , optionally wherein the further sensor is a light sensor claim 1 , a sound sensor or a user interface sensor.3. The sleep monitoring system ...

PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFYING THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF MULTIPLE POSSIBLE FORMS OF CHRONIC DISEASE TO PATIENT REPORTED DYSPNEA

Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient. 1. A method for characterizing contributions of physiological conditions to dyspnea in a patient comprising:receiving gas exchange measurements that are based on breath-by-breath data captured during a gas exchange test on a patient;determining, using a machine learning classifier, a plurality of contribution values that are each associated with a different physiological condition, wherein the plurality of contribution values are numeric values based on the gas exchange measurements, wherein at least one of the contribution values is based on the gas exchange data and each of the plurality of contribution values corresponds to a strength of evidence that the associated physiological condition contributes to dyspnea in the patient; andoutputting the plurality of contribution values to indicate the strength of evidence of the associated physiological conditions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas exchange test includes an exercise phase during which the patient performs exercise and a rest phase that precedes the exercise phase and ...

PROGRAM INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE

A program causes a computer to execute a process of acquiring motion information relating to motion of respiratory muscles or accessory respiratory muscles from a detection sensor that detects the motion information and action potential information relating to the respiratory muscles or the accessory respiratory muscles from an electromyogram sensor that acquires the action potential information, a process of detecting an abnormality in a respiratory system disease on the basis of the acquired motion information and action potential information, and a process of outputting information on the abnormality when the abnormality is detected. 1. A program causing a computer to execute the following processes:acquiring motion information relating to motion of respiratory muscles or accessory respiratory muscles from a detection sensor that detects the motion information and action potential information relating to the respiratory muscles or the accessory respiratory muscles from an electromyogram sensor that acquires the action potential information;detecting an abnormality in a respiratory system disease based on the acquired motion information and action potential information; andoutputting information on the abnormality when the abnormality is detected.2. The program according to claim 1 , wherein the detection sensor includes a piezoelectric element sensor claim 1 , an extension sensor claim 1 , an echo sensor claim 1 , or a bioelectric potential sensor that detects the information on the motion of the respiratory muscles or the accessory respiratory muscles.3. The program according to claim 1 , executing:determining whether a first condition is satisfied based on the motion information detected by the detection sensor;determining whether an electrical signal corresponding to the expiratory muscles is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold in the action potential information acquired from the electromyogram sensor; andoutputting information relating to ...

DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THERMAL CAPNOGRAPHY

A device for measuring a concentration of a component in a target sample includes a flow chamber with a first channel that receives a reference sample having a known concentration of the component. The flow chamber also includes a second channel that receives the target sample having an unknown concentration of the component. A pump operates to pump the reference sample and the target sample at a same volume flow rate through the first and second channels, respectively. A thermal mass flow meter measures a thermal conductivity of the reference sample, a thermal conductivity of the target sample, or both. 1. A device for measuring a concentration of a component in a target sample , the device comprising:a flow chamber comprising a first channel configured to receive a reference sample having a known concentration of the component and a second channel configured to receive the target sample having an unknown concentration of the component;at least one pump configured to pump the reference sample and the target sample, at a same volume flow rate, through the first and second channels, respectively; andat least a first thermal mass flowmeter configured to measure a thermal conductivity of the reference sample, a thermal conductivity of the target sample, or both.2. The device of claim 1 , comprising a second thermal mass flow meter claim 1 , wherein the first thermal mass flow meter is configured to measure the thermal conductivity of the reference sample claim 1 , and the second thermal mass flow meter is configured to measure the thermal conductivity of the target sample.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the pump is a dual-chamber piezoelectric pump.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target sample is exhaled breath and wherein the component is CO.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reference sample is ambient air.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is incorporated into a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device.7. The device of claim 1 , ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DYNAMIC CONTROL OF ENTERAL FEEDING ACCORDING TO ENERGY EXPENDITURE

A computer-implemented method of adjusting enteral feeding of a patient by an enteral feeding controller, comprising: computing an estimate of energy expenditure of the patient based on oxygen measurements and carbon dioxide measurements of the patient, computing a target composition and target feeding rate for the enteral feeding according to the computed estimate of energy expenditure, when the target composition and target feeding rate differ from a current enteral feeding composition and feeding rate by a requirement, generating instructions for adjustment, by an enteral feeding controller, of the rate of delivery of the enteral feeding according to the target composition, wherein the receiving the oxygen measurement, receiving the carbon dioxide measurement, and computing the estimate of energy expenditure are performing iteratively for every first time interval, and the generating instructions for adjustment are performed for a second time interval that is larger than the first time interval. 1. A computer-implemented method of adjusting enteral feeding of a patient by an enteral feeding controller , comprising: receiving signals of at least one of a carbon dioxide sensor and an oxygen sensor, the at least one of carbon dioxide sensor and the oxygen sensor senses at least one of inspiration and expiration of the patient;', 'receiving output of a flow sensor that senses at least one of inspiration and expiration of the patient;', 'computing energy expenditure of the patient based on the output of the at least one of the carbon dioxide sensor and the oxygen sensor and the flow sensor;', 'computing a target nutritional goal for the enteral feeding that provides 100% or near 100% of the computed energy expenditure of the patient irrespective of a predictive equation,', 'wherein the target nutritional goal comprises caloric requirements and a target amount of protein;', 'selecting a feeding formulation that provides the caloric requirements and provides less than a ...

Breathing Apparatus

A breathing apparatus includes a tube having a proximal end connected to a breathing mask and a distal end connected to a splitter. A first branch has a proximal end connected to the splitter and an open distal end. A first sensor is arranged within the first branch and operatively connected to a processing module. A first flow control valve is arranged in the first branch and operatively connected to the processing module. A second branch has a proximal end connected to the splitter and a distal end connected to an inflatable reservoir. A second sensor is arranged within the second branch and operatively connected to a processing module. A second flow control valve arranged in the second branch and operatively connected to the processing module. The breathing apparatus can adjust a pneumatic resistance according to a programmed training protocol and counteract hyperventilation by recirculating exhaled air.

GAS SAMPLING CONNECTOR

A connector includes a memory configured to store data. The connector further includes a first portion configured to connect to a ground connection in a gas sampling monitor. The connector further includes a second portion configured to connect to a positive connection in the gas sampling monitor. The second portion is configured to transfer data to and from the memory. The connector further includes an end configured to connect with a sampling tube, which is configured to transmit gas to the monitor. 1. A connector , comprising:a memory configured to store data;a first portion configured to connect to a ground connection in a gas sampling device;a second portion configured to connect to a positive connection in the gas sampling device, the second portion further configured to transfer data to and from the memory; andan end configured to be connected with a sampling tube configured to transmit gas to the gas sampling device.2. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the connector comprises a modified luer connector.3. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a filter.4. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a ring.5. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a unique ID and lot number.6. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a recommended duration of use.7. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a recommended number of connections.8. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a recommended life-time after first connection.9. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a duration of operation while connected.10. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a date and time of first connection.11. The connector of claim 1 , wherein the memory stores a number of connections made to the connector.12. A method claim 1 , comprising: a memory configured to store data;', 'a first portion configured to connect to a ground connection in a gas sampling device;', 'a ...

AUTOMATED INTERPRETIVE MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGY

Improved apparatus and methods for monitoring, diagnosing and treating at least one medical respiratory condition of a patient are provided, including a medical data input interface adapted to provide at least one medical parameter relating at least to the respiration of the patient, and a medical parameter interpretation functionality () adapted to receive the at least one medical parameter relating at least to the respiration () of the patient and to provide at least one output indication () relating to a degree of severity of at least one medical condition indicated by the at least one medical parameter. 1. A system employing at least one parameter relating at least to respiration of a patient for providing an indication relating to at least one medical condition , the system comprising:a medical data input interface adapted to provide the at least one medical parameter relating at least to respiration of the patient; anda medical parameter interpretation functionality receiving said at least one medical parameter relating at least to respiration of said patient and providing the at least one output indication relating to a degree of severity of at least one medical condition indicated by said at least one medical parameter.2. A system employing at least one parameter relating at least to respiration of a patient for providing at least one indication relating to at least one medical condition , the system comprising:a mobile platform; and a medical data input interface providing said at least one medical parameter regarding a patient; and', 'a medical parameter interpretation functionality receiving said at least one medical parameter regarding said patient and providing the at least one output indication relating to a degree of severity of said at least one medical condition indicated by said at least one medical parameter., 'a medical care facility suitable for use by an operator other than a medical doctor, said medical care facility comprising3. A system ...

CAPNOGRAPHY DEVICE AND METHOD

There is provided a method for dynamically determining a breath related parameter, which includes averaging a breath related parameter over a first period of time, calculating a breath related value over a second period of time and adapting the duration of the first period of time according to the calculated breath related value. 1. A method for dynamically determining a breath related parameter , the method comprising:averaging a breath related parameter over a first period of time;calculating a breath related value over a second period of time; andadapting the duration of the first period of time according to the calculated breath related value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adapting the duration of the second period of time according to the averaged breath related parameter claim 1 , the calculated breath related value or both.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adapting the duration of the first period of time according to the averaged breath related parameter.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said breath related parameter comprises: respiratory rate claim 1 , COwaveform claim 1 , EtCO claim 1 , pulmonary index claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said respiratory rate is measured by number of breaths per minute (BPM)6. The method of wherein said breaths are determined by breath cycle.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said breath related value comprises: variance of breath cycle periods claim 1 , standard deviation of breath cycle periods claim 1 , dispersion of breath cycle periods claim 1 , average of breath cycle periods claim 1 , ratio between inhalation and exhalation stages of breath cycle claim 1 , respiration rate claim 1 , CO2 waveform pattern claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first period of time is determined in time units claim 1 , determined by number of occurrences of events or both.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the events comprise breath ...

WEANING FROM VENTILATION USING CAPNOGRAPHY

Devices and systems for monitoring weaning of a subject from a respiratory ventilator including a processing logic configured to characterize distinct patterns in a series of COwaveforms, the distinct patterns indicative of the effectiveness of a weaning process; and to provide an indication relating to the effectiveness of the weaning process. 1. A method for monitoring weaning of a subject from a respiratory ventilator , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'characterizing distinct patterns in a series of COwaveforms obtained from expired breath of a subject undergoing respiratory ventilation weaning; and'}providing an indication relating to the effectiveness of the weaning process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distinct patterns are indicative to the effectiveness of a weaning process and wherein said distinct patterns are selected from a group consisting of “sigh events” claim 1 , “spike events” and “pools”3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a signal to a ventilator at least partially based on the characterized distinct patterns in the series of COwaveforms and thus inducing a change in one or more parameters of the ventilator.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said change in one or more parameters of the ventilator comprises a change in the level of support to the ventilation claim 3 , allowing the patient to rest from weaning attempts claim 3 , changing a mode/program of weaning or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein providing a signal to the ventilator is further based on one or more additional parameters selected from the group consisting of: age of the subject claim 3 , medical condition of the subject claim 3 , medical history of the subject and medications administered to the subject.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein providing a signal to the ventilator is further based on one or more additional parameters selected from the group consisting of: respiration rate claim 3 , tidal volumes claim 3 , minute ...

SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING FLOW-TARGETED VENTILATION SYNCHRONIZED TO A PATIENT'S BREATHING CYCLE

An open system provides breath-synchronized, flow-targeted ventilation to augment respiration by a self-breathing patient. A sensor detects a physical property of a patient's respiratory cycle. A processor monitors the sensor and controls a gas source to deliver oxygen-containing gas through a tube extending into the patient's airway with the flow rate varying over each respiratory cycle in a predetermined non-constant waveform synchronized with the respiratory cycle to augment the patient's spontaneous respiration. Gas is delivered at a flow rate sufficient to significantly mitigate the airway pressure the patient must generate during spontaneous breathing and thereby reduce the patient's work of breathing. 1. An apparatus for delivering a flow of oxygen-containing gas to the airway of a spontaneously-breathing patient , said apparatus comprising:a tube delivering a flow of oxygen-containing gas into a patient's airway without interfering with a patient's spontaneous respiration;a gas source having a housing and delivering a variable flow of gas through the tube combining oxygen from an oxygen source and air from an air source;a sensor detecting a physical property of a patient's respiratory cycle; anda processor monitoring the sensor and controlling the gas source to deliver a flow of oxygen-containing gas through the tube to augment the patient's spontaneous respiration, said flow varying over each inspiratory and expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle in a predetermined non-constant flow waveform synchronized with the respiratory cycle, said waveform including:(a) a positive flow accelerating at the onset of the patient's inspiratory phase at a flow rate sufficient to significantly mitigate the airway pressure the patient must generate during spontaneous breathing and thereby reduce the patient's work of breathing; and(b) a positive flow during at least the early portion of the patient's expiratory phase at a flow rate sufficient to significantly mitigate the ...

NON-INVASIVE CARDIAC OUTPUT DETERMINATION

A method of controlling a gas delivery apparatus including an apparatus controllable variable using an iterative algorithm to deliver a test gas (TG) for non-invasively determining a subject's pulmonary blood flow comprising iteratively generating and evaluating test values of a iterated variable based on an iterative algorithm in order output a test value of the iterated variable that meets a test criterion wherein iterative algorithm is characterized in that it defines a test mathematical relationship between the at least one apparatus controllable variable, the iterated variable and an end tidal concentration of test gas attained by setting the apparatus controllable variable, such that the iterative algorithm is determinative of whether iteration on the test value satisfies a test criterion or iteratively generates a progressively refined test value. 1. A method of controlling a gas delivery apparatus to deliver a test gas (TG) for non-invasively determining a subject's pulmonary blood flow comprising the steps of: A) obtaining input of a steady state value of an end tidal test gas concentration and a corresponding value of at least one apparatus controllable variable for use in the iterative algorithm;', "B) providing an inspired concentration of a test gas that achieves a test concentration of the test gas in the subject's end tidal exhaled gas;", "C) using a test value of the iterated variable in the iterative algorithm to set the gas delivery apparatus to deliver, for at least one series of inspiratory cycles, an inspiratory gas comprising a test gas that is computed to maintain the test concentration of the test gas in the subject's end tidal exhaled gas;", 'D) obtaining input comprising measurements of end tidal concentrations of test gas for expiratory cycles corresponding to the at least one series of inspiratory cycles and a corresponding value of at least one apparatus controllable variable for use in the iterative algorithm;', (1) the test value ...

MEDICATION ADHERENCE MONITORING DEVICE

A Self Monitoring And Reporting Therapeutics, SMART® composition, method, apparatus and system are provided which flexibly provide options, by combining different embodiments of the device with different embodiments of the composition, the ability to conduct definitive medication adherence monitoring over the short term (Acute Medication Adherence Monitoring, immediately up to an hour or so after taking a medication), intermediate term (Intermediate Medication Adherence Monitoring, IMAM, an hour or so to a day or so after taking a medication), and longer term (Chronic Medication Adherence Monitoring, CMAM, a day to several days after taking a medication). 135.-. (canceled)36. An apparatus for identifying and/or quantitating volatile compounds in a gas sample comprising:at least one sensor adapted for identification and/or quantitation of a volatile compound of interest present in said gas sample; andat least one capture device which releasably captures volatile compounds in said gas sample;said apparatus further comprising a catalytic incinerator between said at least one capture device and said at least one sensor which converts said volatile compound of interest to carbon dioxide and water prior to contact with said at least one sensor.37. The apparatus of claim 36 , wherein the capture device does not capture moisture claim 36 , hydrogen claim 36 , nitrogen claim 36 , or carbon dioxide claim 36 , in said gas sample claim 36 , and which releases captured volatile compounds for sensing by said at least one sensor;38. The apparatus according to adapted for identifying and/or quantitating volatile compounds wherein said gas sample is comprised by exhaled breath of a subject claim 36 , said apparatus further comprising at least one or a combination of:a. at least one biometric capture device for concurrent capture of a biometric specific to said subject when said gas sample is provided by said subject to said apparatus;b. a mouthpiece for delivery of an exhaled breath ...

METHODS, APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING CO2

There is provided herein methods, apparatus and systems for evaluating carbon dioxide (CO) concentration in a subject's breath, for example in subjects ventilated with High Frequency Ventilation (HFV), the method includes inserting to a trachea of a subject an endotrachial tube (ETT), sampling breath from an area in the trachea located in proximity to a distal end of the endotrachial tube (ETT) and evaluating one or more COrelated parameters of the sampled breath. 1. A method for computing an estimated alveolar carbon dioxide (CO) value in a subject ventilated with high frequency ventilation , the method comprising:sampling breath from a distal area of a trachea of the subject ventilated with high frequency ventilation using a double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT);{'sub': '2', 'computing, an estimated alveolar COvalue for a time window, the computing comprising{'sub': 2', '2, 'determining a continuous CO(Con.CO) value for the time window when no spontaneous breath is identified,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'determining an average spontaneous end tidal CO(S-EtCO) for the time window when spontaneous breathing is identified; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'integrating the Con.COvalue determined for the time window and the average S-EtCOdetermined for the time window thereby obtaining an estimated alveolar carbon dioxide (CO) value.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a spontaneous breath is identified when an instantaneous COconcentration claim 1 , measured during the time window claim 1 , deviates from the determined Con.COvalue by a predetermined threshold value.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a spontaneous breath is identified when the instantaneous COconcentration deviates from the Con.COvalue by the predetermined threshold value for a predetermined period of time.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average S-EtCOvalue is an average of highest S-EtCOvalues measured during the time window.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the time window is continuously updated.6. The method ...

METHODS, APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING CO2

There is provided herein methods, apparatus and systems for evaluating carbon dioxide (CO) concentration in a subject's breath, for example in subjects ventilated with High Frequency Ventilation (HFV), the method includes inserting to a trachea of a subject an endotrachial tube (ETT), sampling breath from an area in the trachea located in proximity to a distal end of the endotrachial tube (ETT) and evaluating one or more COrelated parameters of the sampled breath. 1. A double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) comprising a main endotracheal tube and a second endotracheal tube , wherein a distal opening of the second endotracheal tube is located inside the main endotracheal tube and proximal to a distal opening thereof.2. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , wherein the second endotracheal tube is located essentially inside the lumen of the main endotracheal tube.3. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 2 , wherein the second endotracheal tube is located essentially inside an inner wall of the main endotracheal tube.4. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , wherein the second endotracheal tube is located outside the main endotracheal tube.5. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , wherein the second endotracheal tube has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the main endotracheal tube.6. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , for use with children claim 1 , infants and/or neonates.7. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , being an uncuffed endotracheal tube (ETT).8. The double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) of claim 1 , configured to sample breath from a distal area of a trachea of a subject.9. A breath sampling system comprising:a double lumen endotracheal tube (ETT) comprising a main endotracheal tube and a second endotracheal tube, wherein a distal opening of the second endotracheal tube is located inside the main endotracheal tube and proximal to a distal opening thereof; andan ...

ALARM LIMITS UPDATE SYSTEM FOR A MEDICAL MONITORING DEVICE

Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for updating alarm limits applied in monitoring one or more medical parameters of a subject. The devices, systems, and methods obtain a measurement of ambient pressure at a defined time point (‘t’) and compare the measurement of ambient pressure at the defined time point (‘t’) to a reference ambient pressure. If a difference between the measured ambient pressure values at tand the reference ambient pressure is at or above a predetermined threshold, the alarm limits are updated to correspond with the ambient pressure at tor a user is alerted to update the alarm limits. 1. A method for updating alarm limits applied in monitoring one or more medical parameters of a subject , the method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'obtaining a measurement of ambient pressure at a defined time point (‘t’);'}comparing the measurement of ambient pressure to a reference ambient pressure; and{'sub': 1', '1, 'updating the alarm limits to correspond with the ambient pressure at tor alerting a user to update the alarm limits in response to a difference between the measured ambient pressure at tand the reference ambient pressure being at or above a predetermined threshold, wherein the alarm limits are applied in monitoring one or more medical parameters of a subject, and wherein the one or more medical parameters are affected by a change in ambient pressure.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of measuring the ambient pressure at the defined time point (‘t’).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference ambient pressure is measured at a first time point (‘t’).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference ambient pressure is a predetermined value.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more medical parameters comprises a COrelated parameter.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the COrelated parameter is selected from the group consisting of: EtCO claim 5 , COwaveform and claim 5 , parameters related thereto ...

BREATH END-TIDAL GAS MONITOR

An improved apparatus and method for capturing and analyzing the end-tidal portion of an exhalation. The COlevel of air drawn into the system () is monitored to distinguish inhalation and exhalation of breath. Upon detection of a decrease in the COlevel in the air drawn into the system (), indicating a transition between exhalation and inhalation a pair of flow selector valves () are operated to capture the end-tidal volume of air drawn into the system () immediately prior to the detection of the decrease in the COlevel. Incoming air is diverted around the captured volume of air, and the COlevels are continually monitored to ensure that the captured volume of air corresponds to the end-tidal portion of an exhalation. Once the captured volume of air is positively identified as the end-tidal portion of an exhalation, the captured volume is routed through a gas analyzer () for analysis of one or more predetermined gas levels. 1. A breath gas analyzer having a pump configured to draw a flow of air through a capnograph adapted to identify a transition point between an exhalation and an inhalation , and to subsequently direct said flow of air through at least one gas analyzer , comprising:a first flow selector valve disposed downstream from said capnograph, said first flow selector valve configured to selectively divert said flow of air through a sample volume to said pump and to divert a bypass flow of air past said sample volume to said pump;a second flow selector valve disposed downstream from said first flow selector valve, said second flow selector valve configured to isolate said sample volume from said first flow selector valve;a third flow selector valve disposed downstream from said second flow selector valve, said third flow selector valve configured to receive said bypass flow of air from said first flow selector valve and to isolate said sample volume from said pump;a fourth flow selector valve disposed downstream from said pump, said fourth flow selector ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPERATING AN ALERT SYSTEM OF MEDICAL DEVICES

A system for a medical system includes a position sensing unit to sense a displacement of a medical device from a medically operational point on a subject, and a signal processing circuit to output, based on the sensed displacement, a signal to disable an alert system when the medical device is for sensing a physiological parameter of a subject during a medical procedure and the displacement is greater than a first threshold value, or to output a signal to enable the alert system when the medical device is for delivering treatment to the subject and the displacement is greater than a second threshold value. 1. A system to block nuisance alerts in a medical system , comprising:a position sensing unit configured to sense a displacement of a medical device from a medically operational point on a subject; anda signal processing circuit configured to output, based on the sensed displacement, a first signal to enable an alert system of a medical system cooperating with the medical device when the displacement is less than a threshold value, and to output a second signal to disable the alert system when the displacement is equal to or greater than the threshold value.2. The system as in claim 1 , wherein the position sensing unit comprises:a position sensor configured to output a position signal representing the displacement of the medical device from the medically operational point on the subject, wherein the medical device is configured to cooperate with the medical system to perform a medical procedure, and wherein the signal processing circuit comprises a processor that is configured to output for the medical system, based on the position signal, the first signal to enable the alert system of the medical system, and to output the second signal to disable the alert system.3. The system as in claim 2 , further comprising a first element incorporated in or attached to the medical device to facilitate sensing the displacement of the medical device from the medically ...

CAPNOMETER

We describe a capnometer for detecting a concentration of a component in a gas, wherein said gas is inhaled and/or exhaled by a patient, said capnometer comprising: an air flow region through which said gas passes to and/or from said patient's lung; a mid-IR semiconductor emitter configured to provide IR light at a wavelength in the range 3-5 μm;a mid-IR semiconductor detector to detect said IR light; a reflector to reflect said IR light emitted by said emitter; wherein said emitter, said detector and said reflector are arranged such that said IR light emitted by said emitter passes through said air flow region via said reflector to said detector. 1. A capnometer for detecting a concentration of a component in a gas , wherein said gas is inhaled and/or exhaled by a patient , said capnometer comprising:an air flow region through which said gas passes to and/or from said patient's lung;a mid-IR semiconductor emitter configured to provide IR light at a wavelength in the range 3-5 μm;a mid-IR semiconductor detector to detect said IR light;a reflector to reflect said IR light emitted by said emitter;wherein said emitter, said detector and said reflector are arranged such that said IR light emitted by said emitter passes through said air flow region via said reflector to said detector.2. A capnometer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said detection of said concentration of said component in said gas comprises detecting a temporal variation of said concentration.3. A capnometer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said emitter is located at a first location on a first side of said air flow region claim 1 , wherein said detector is located at a second location on a second side of said air flow region claim 1 , and wherein said second side is opposite said first side from said air flow region.4. A capnometer as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said reflector is located at a third location on a third side of said air flow region claim 3 , wherein said third side is adjacent said first ...

Probabilistic parameter estimation using fused data apparatus and method of use thereof

A probabilistic digital signal processor using data from multiple instruments is described. In one example, an analyzer is configured to: receive discrete first and second input data, related to a first and second sub-system of the system, from a first and second instrument, respectively. A system processor is used to fuse the first and second input data into fused data. The system processor optionally includes: (1) a probabilistic processor configured to convert the fused data into at least two probability distribution functions and (2) a dynamic state-space model, the dynamic state-space model including at least one probabilistic model configured to operate on the at least two probability distribution functions. The system processor iteratively circulates the at least two probability distribution functions in the dynamic state-space model in synchronization with receipt of updated input data, processes the probability distribution functions, and generates an output related to the state of the system.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING RESPIRATORY BIOMETRICS

Some embodiments are directed to a self-contained breathing mask for measuring and monitoring the breath of a human subject. The mask may be lightweight, self-contained, and physically untethered to any test or measurement equipment, providing the subject full mobility, and allowing him/her to perform almost any daily activity during use. The mask may include integrated sensors for measuring properties of the subject's breath, over any length of time, providing respiratory information like breath count, rate and volume, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production, as well as various biometric information. 1. A system , configured to be worn on a user's head , for gathering respiratory information about the user , the system comprising:a mask, comprising a shell and a seal, the seal being arranged to contact a face of the user and to circumscribe an area of the face when the mask is worn by the user, the area of the face including a mouth of the user and a base of a nose of the user, the seal and the shell enclosing an interior space about the area of the face and separating the interior space from an ambient space but for a plurality of breathing apertures in the mask configured to allow air to flow between the interior space and the ambient space; anda sensing module, comprising a housing arranged for attachment to the mask, the sensing module comprising gas sensors, air pressure sensors, electronic components, and one or more batteries for powering the gas sensors, the air pressure sensors and the electronic components, the sensing module comprising at least one selective flow element configured to selectively, in response to exhalation from the user, allow air exhaled by the user to proceed directly from the interior space into a sensing zone without passing through any of the plurality of apertures, the at least one selective flow element being configured to limit an amount of air exhaled by the user that is allowed to proceed into the sensing zone to ten ...

SENSOR ADAPTOR, APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR MONITORING END-TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE

A sensor adaptor couples a face mask to a gas sampling tube connected to a device detecting end-tidal carbon dioxide. The sensor adaptor includes a shaft and connector. The shaft includes a channel providing a pathway for the carbon dioxide to travel toward the gas sampling tube. One end of the shaft includes an adaptor tip which extends through an exit port of the face mask. A connector is attached to the other end of the shaft and couples the sensor adaptor to the gas sampling line. A gripper may surround the shaft and prevent improper advancement of the shaft into the face mask. The sensor adaptor can be designed for use with any gas sampling tube and any face mask including exit ports. 1. A sensor adaptor for coupling a face mask to a gas sampling tube , comprising:a shaft extending between a first end and a second end and defining a shaft length extending from said first end to said second end;said shaft having a generally tubular shape including a shaft outer surface presenting a smooth cylindrical shape and a shaft inner surface opposite said shaft outer surface, and presenting a channel having a cylindrical shape, said channel being unobstructed and extending continuously from said first end to said second end for providing a direct pathway for end-tidal carbon dioxide to travel toward the gas sampling tube;said shaft including an adaptor tip adjacent said first end for placement within the face mask and defining an adaptor length being a portion of said shaft length;a connector attached to said second end of said shaft for coupling said channel of said shaft to the gas sampling tube; andsaid smooth cylindrical outer surface of said shaft outer surface extending substantially the entire length from said connector to said first end for providing a tight frictional press fit engagement within a circular hole of an exit port of the face mask.2. The sensor adaptor of wherein said shaft is exposed between said first end and said second end claim 1 , and wherein ...

Airway Management Device for Identification of Tracheal and/or Esophageal Tissue

An airway management device () for a human or animal subject () includes an airway tube () having a first end for disposal external to the subject () and a second end () for disposal in a portion of an airway of the subject (). A light emitting element () and a photo-sensing element () may be disposed at the second end () of the airway tube (). The light emitting element () may be configured to transmit light to tissue adjacent to the light emitting element (). The photo-sensing element () may be configured to receive reflectance spectra () from the tissue. The location of the second end () of the airway tube () may be determined from characteristics of the reflectance spectra () of the tissue. 1. An airway management device for a human or animal subject , comprising:an airway tube having a first end for disposal external to the subject and a second end for disposal in a portion of an airway of the subject;a light emitting element and a photo-sensing element disposed at the second end of the airway tube;the light emitting element being configured to transmit light to tissue adjacent to the light emitting element and the photo-sensing element being configured to receive reflectance spectra from the tissue;wherein a location of the second end of the airway tube in the airway of the subject is determined from intensities of the reflectance spectra received by the photo-sensing element across a range of wavelengths.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one signal conduit within or adjacent the airway tube claim 1 , the at least one signal conduit being integral with or connected to the light emitting element and the photo-sensing element.3. The device of claim 2 , further comprising a signal processor connected to the photo-sensing element via the signal conduit for processing the reflectance spectra from the tissue.4. The device of claim 2 , further comprising a spectrum analyzer connected to the photo-sensing element via the signal conduit for ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING INTRINSIC POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE

The present invention describes a method and apparatus for detecting and quantifying intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) of a respiratory patient breathing with the assistance of a ventilator. A processing device receives respiratory airway data from one or more sensors adapted to non-invasively monitor a respiratory patient, calculates from the respiratory airway data two or more parameters that are indicative of or quantify intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure of the patient, and generates an indication intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi). 1. A method for detecting and quantifying intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) of a respiratory patient breathing with the assistance of a ventilator comprising:receiving by a processing device respiratory airway data from one or more sensors adapted to non-invasively monitor a respiratory patient;correcting for leaks in an airway circuit of the ventilator by the processing device by modifying the respiratory airway data to compensate for leak flow in the respiratory airway data;calculating from the modified respiratory airway data by the processing device two or more parameters that are indicative of or quantify intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure of the patient; andgenerating by the processing device an indication of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure based on the two or more parameters.2. The method of wherein the indication of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure comprises a categorized level of PEEPi.3. The method of wherein the categorized level of PEEPi comprises different levels of severity claim 2 , comprising one or more levels relatively indicative of an absence of PEEPi claim 2 , mild PEEPi claim 2 , moderate PEEPi claim 2 , or severe PEEPi.4. The method of wherein the ventilator is adapted for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) utilizing an interface appliance connecting the ventilator to the patient to communicate a flow of gas with an airway of the ...

WEANING FROM VENTILATION USING CAPNOGRAPHY

Devices and systems for monitoring weaning of a subject from a respiratory ventilator including a processing logic configured to characterize distinct patterns in a series of COwaveforms, the distinct patterns indicative of the effectiveness of a weaning process; and to provide an indication relating to the effectiveness of the weaning process. 1. A method for monitoring weaning of a subject from a respiratory ventilator , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'characterizing distinct patterns in a series of COwaveforms obtained from expired breath of a subject undergoing respiratory ventilation weaning; and'}providing an indication relating to the effectiveness of the weaning process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distinct patterns are indicative to the effectiveness of a weaning process and wherein said distinct patterns are selected from a group consisting of “sigh events” claim 1 , “spike events” and “pools”3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a signal to a ventilator at least partially based on the characterized distinct patterns in the series of COwaveforms and thus inducing a change in one or more parameters of the ventilator.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said change in one or more parameters of the ventilator comprises a change in the level of support to the ventilation claim 3 , allowing the patient to rest from weaning attempts claim 3 , changing a mode/program of weaning or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein providing a signal to the ventilator is further based on one or more additional parameters selected from the group consisting of: age of the subject claim 3 , medical condition of the subject claim 3 , medical history of the subject and medications administered to the subject.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein providing a signal to the ventilator is further based on one or more additional parameters selected from the group consisting of: respiration rate claim 3 , tidal volumes claim 3 , minute ...