КОМПОЗИЦИИ И СПОСОБЫ ОЧИСТКИ ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Многобарьерный фильтр, содержащий: ! галогенированную смолу, способную удалять загрязнители из текучей среды; и ! по меньшей мере одно вещество сорбента загрязнителя, способного адсорбировать или абсорбировать загрязнители. ! 2. Многобарьерный фильтр по п.1, в котором загрязнители включают микроорганизмы и микробы. ! 3. Многобарьерный фильтр по п.1, в котором галогенированная смола включает, по меньшей мере, одну смолу, выбранную из группы, состоящей из малоостаточных галогенированных смол, йодированных смол, малоостаточных йодированных смол, хлорированной смолы и бромированной смолы. ! 4. Многобарьерный фильтр по п.3, в котором галогенированная смола включает две или более смолы, выбранные из группы, состоящей из малоостаточных галогенированных смол, йодированных смол, малоостаточных йодированных смол, хлорированных смол и бромированных смол. ! 5. Многобарьерный фильтр по п.1, в котором галогенированная смола включает йодированную основу ионообменной смолы полийодидных анионов, связанных ...

METHODE ZUR REINIGUNG VON PROZESSGASEN

Füllkörper mit hoher Adsorptionsfähigkeit für Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung

Removal of noxious substances from gas streams

Apparatus for treating a gas stream

A METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN FROM AN INDUSTRIAL GAS FEED

Oxygen is removed from a gas feed such as a landfill gas, a digester gas or an industrial CO2 off-gas by heating the feed gas, optionally removing siloxanes and silanols from the heated feed gas, optionally removing part of the sulfur-containing compounds in the heated feed gas, injecting one or more reactants for oxygen conversion into the heated feed gas, carrying out a selective catalytic conversion of any or all of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the gas, including sulfur-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds and any of the reactants injected, in at least one suitable reactor, and cleaning the resulting oxygen-depleted gas. The reactants to be injected comprise one or more of H2, CO, ammonia, urea, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl ether (DME).

METHOD OF CLEANING SYNGAS

Method of removing halogen gas and remover for halogen gas

A method of halogen gas removal and a halogen gas remover which have the excellent ability to remove a halogen gas in a low-concentration region, are effective in inhibiting the adsorbent from heating up, and can reduce the amount of a solid waste to be generated. The method of halogen gas removal comprises bringing a gas to be treated which contains at least one member selected from the halogen gas group consisting of F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and compounds which generate a hydrogen halide or hypohalgoneous acid upon hydrolysis into contact with granules comprising, based on the whole granules, 45-99.85 mass% alkali metal salt, 0.1-40 mass% carbonaceous material, and 0-15 mass%, excluding 0 mass%, alkaline earth metal salt in the presence of water to remove the halogen gas(es).

METHOD FOR REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM GAS FLOWS CONTAINING WATER

The invention relates to adsorbents for removing contaminants from gas flows containing water, particularly for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents contain oxides of elements selected from the group Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of said elements, at a copper oxide content of at least 30 wt %, and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml.g-1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

Gas cabinet assembly comprising sorbent-based gas storage and delivery system

A gas supply system including a gas cabinet defining an enclosure including therein a gas dispensing manifold and one or more adsorbent-based gas storage and dispensing vessels mounted in the enclosure and joined in gas flow communication with the gas dispensing manifold. The enclosure may be maintained under low or negative pressure conditions for enhanced safety in the event of leakage of gas from the gas storage and dispensing vessel(s) in the enclosure. The gas supply system may be coupled to a gas-consuming unit in a semiconductor manufacturing facility, e.g., an ion implanter, an etch chamber, or a chemical vapor deposition reactor.

Agent for rendering halogen-containing gas harmless, and method of rendering halogen-containing gas harmless using same

An agent for rendering harmless a halogen-containing gas such as a halogen-containing exhaust gas, which comprises a faujasite zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.0 to 2.3 and containing at least one cation selected from alkali metal cations and alkaline earth metal cations. The cation is preferably selected from Na and K, and, more preferably, the cation comprises at least 70 mol % of Na and not larger than 30 mol % of K. The agent is used in the form of a molded body made using a binder.

GAS RECOVERING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To liquefy and reuse cleaning gas or etching gas by cooling exhaust gas from a CVD device in a cooling section of an exhaust gas flowing section. SOLUTION: When impurities are generated in a chamber A1 and cleaning is required, liquid nitrogen is fed into an inactive gas flowing section D3 of a recycling device main body D. When the section is sufficiently cooled, mixed gas for cleaning containing nitrogen trifluoride is introduced into the chamber A1, and exhaust gas containing nitrogen trifluoride is flowed into a gas exhaust pipe A4. Then the impurities are removed by a filter device B, and high boiling point component gas is removed by an adsorption device C. Exhaust gas containing nitrogen trifluoride gas and low boiling point gas are flowed into an exhaust gas flowing section of a recycling device main body D and brought into contact with fins 5 of a refrigerant tank 2 and cooled. Then, nitrogen trifluoride gas is condensed and stored in a storage section D2, ...

СПОСОБ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ОБРАЗУЮЩИХСЯ В УСТАНОВКАХ ОБЖИГА ЦЕМЕНТНОГО КЛИНКЕРА СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ХЛОРИДОВ

Предложен способ для уменьшения образующихся в установках для обжига цементного клинкера соединений хлоридов. Способ содержит следующие стадии: а) отводят, по меньшей мере, часть содержащих хлориды газов из газового пространства печи, b) подводят газы к конденсатору, при этом поддерживают температуру газов выше температуры конденсации соединений хлоридов, с) охлаждают соединения хлоридов на охлаждаемых конденсационных поверхностях конденсатора до уровня ниже температуры конденсации, d) отводят очищенные газы из конденсатора, е) очищают конденсационные поверхности от конденсирующихся на них кристаллов хлоридов и удаляют кристаллы хлоридов из конденсатора. Технический результат: при применении предложенного способа можно при производстве нормального цемента, а также цемента с пониженным содержанием щелочи использовать также сырье и топливо, которые имеют повышенное содержание хлоридов. 9 з.п.ф-лы, 1 ил.

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

... 1. Способ обработки газового потока, содержащего кислоту и твердые частицы, включающий этапы, на которых ! циркулируют водный чистящий раствор через по существу замкнутый контур, содержащий устройство удаления кислоты для снижения кислотности раствора; ! подают, по меньшей мере, часть циркулирующего раствора в скруббер для газоочистки; ! подают газовый поток в скруббер; ! осуществляют мониторинг кислотности раствора, подлежащего подаче в скруббер; и ! регулируют уменьшение кислотности раствора в зависимости от измеренной кислотности для регулирования растворимости твердого компонента газового потока в указанной, по меньшей мере, части циркулирующего раствора. ! 2. Способ по п.1, при котором указанную, по меньшей мере, часть циркулирующего раствора отводят из замкнутого контура и позднее возвращают в замкнутый контур. ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором устройство удаления кислоты является электрохимическим устройством. ! 4. Способ обработки газового потока, содержащего кислоту и твердые частицы ...

Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Chlordioxid enthaltenden wässrigen Lösung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Chlordioxid enthaltenden wässrigen Lösung aus gasförmigem Chlordioxid und aus einer wässrigen Phase. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Chlordioxid enthaltenden wässrigen Lösung und/oder zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Die Erfindung betrifft schließlich auch die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Nachfolgend gelten sämtliche Ausführungen zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren entsprechend auch für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung, und umgekehrt, soweit nicht im Einzelfall etwas anderes angegeben ist.

Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Jodgas

Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases having a packing arranged in a reactor through which the gases flow, which packing absorbs the impurities or receives a chemical compound and is arranged in a plurality of rotating chambers which can be removed from the gas stream for exchanging a packing laden with pollutants. The gas to be purified flows through the packing of a chamber until the action of the packing decays. The chamber containing the exhausted packing is then removed from the gas stream and there the packing is at least partly exchanged.

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING OF GASES, THE HALOGENIERTE CONNECTIONS CONTAINING

FILLING MATERIAL WITH HIGH ADSORPTIVE CAPACITY FOR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICE

Process for recovering sulfur hexafluoride

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Described herein is a graphene and polyvinyl alcohol based multilayer composite membrane that provides selective resistance for solutes to pass through the membrane while providing water permeability. A selectively permeable membrane comprising a crosslinked graphene with a polyvinyl alcohol and an additive that can provide enhanced salt separation from water, methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating or removing solutes from water are also described.

PROCESS FOR DECONTAMINATING SYNGAS

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Filter device for filtering gas, in containment vessel used in nuclear power station, has tubular portion which is extended with respect to piercing cross-sectional regions such that entire interior regions surround the ambient fluid

COMPLEX SYSTEM PURIFICATION OF THE BIOGAS TO REMOVE WATER, SILOXANES, SULPHUR, OXYGEN, CHLORIDES AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

GAS PURIFICATION METHOD

Disclosed is a gas purification method, in which at least one gas selected from the group consisting of a hydride gas, a hydrogen halide gas and a halogen gas each containing 10 ppm or less of impurities is purified by using a carbon membrane having a molecular sieving property. The method is applicable to a recycling system for collecting a used gas and re-using the gas as an ultra-high-purity semiconductor material gas, an apparatus or facility for producing an ultra-high-purity semiconductor material gas, or an apparatus or facility in which an ultra-high-purity semiconductor material gas is filled. COPYRIGHT KIPO & WIPO 2010 ...

METHOD AND DEVICE TO TREAT A SOLID GAS CHAIN THAT CONTAIN AN ACID ONE AND PARTICULADOS

Filtering device

The invention relates to a filtering device in particular for multiply polluted gasses, with an inclined bed with a filling of catalytic material, which bed has a retaining wall at its lower longer side, with a clean-gas exit positioned in the area of one front side of the bed, which ejects the gas which has passed through the filling, and with a flush-gas entrance also positioned in the area of one front side of the bed, the flush-gas entrance (40) and the clean-gas exit (36) being provided at the same front side (38), and beneath the bed (12), current-influencing devices (50) being positioned spread between the two front sides, which devices in particular prevent or at least reduce current peaks in the flow of flush gas through the bed (12).

PROCESS FOR TREATING EFFLUENTS IN A BED OF MICROBEADS BY COLD PLASMA AND PHOTOCATALYSIS

The invention relates to a process for treating effluents (2) circulating between the inlet (4) and the outlet (5) of a reactor (1), consisting in subjecting the effluents to a cold plasma treatment and to the action of a photocatalyzing agent under UV radiation with a view to the production of oxidizing species for the treatment of the effluents. According to the invention, the process consists in subjecting the effluents simultaneously to a cold plasma treatment and to the action of a photocatalyzing agent under UV radiation, the cold plasma treatment being carried out in an integrated and localized manner within a bed of porous microbeads (9) placed inside the reactor (1) and that carry the photocatalyzing agent making it possible to ensure the generation of oxidizing species, and also their diffusion within the bed.

Method of treating a gas system

In a method of treating a gas stream, an aqueous scrubbing liquor is circulated through an essentially closed loop (20) comprising an electrochemical unit (48) for reducing the acidity of the liquor. A portion of the circulating liquor is diverted away from the closed loop (20) to a gas scrubbing unit (10). The gas stream enters the scrubbing unit (10), wherein an acid, for example HF and solid particulates, for example SiO2 particulates, within the gas stream dissolve in the diverted liquor. The diverted liquor is subsequently returned to the closed loop (20), and is replenished in the scrubbing unit (10) by fresh liquor diverted from the closed loop (20). A device (46) is provided for monitoring the acidity of the liquor at a location within the closed loop (20). The reduction in the acidity of the liquor by the electrochemical cell (48) is controlled depending on the monitored concentration. By controlling the acidity of the liquor, the solubility of the solid particulates within the ...

Process for reducing the cloride compounds from cement clinker firing apparatuses

ФИЛЬТРОВАЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО АЭРОЗОЛИ И/ИЛИ ГАЗООБРАЗНЫЙ ЙОД ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

Изобретение относится к фильтровальному устройству для фильтрации содержащего радиоактивные аэрозоли и газообразный радиоактивный йод газового потока. Фильтровальное устройство для фильтрации газового потока содержит закрытый герметично для текучей среды корпус, по меньшей мере, с одним входом для неочищенного газа, одним выходом для очищенного газа и одним содержащим фильтрующую среду фильтрующим элементом, который расположен в корпусе так, что подлежащий фильтрации газовый поток попадает от одного входа для неочищенного газа в выход для очищенного газа только через фильтрующий элемент. В устройстве предусмотрен, по меньшей мере, один трубный элемент, который проходит через корпус, таким образом от первого проточного поперечного сечения ко второму проточному поперечному сечению, которое, при рассматривании в вертикальном направлении, лежит над первым проточным поперечным сечением, что все внутреннее пространство трубного элемента находится в контакте исключительно с текучей средой, окружающий ...

Apparatus for treating a gas stream

Method of processing waste products

Chemical absorbent composition

METHOD TO THE RECOVERY OF CF4 AND C2F6 FROM A GAS

PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS

PROCEDURE FOR TREATING A GAS FLOW

Method and apparatus for fumigant gas capture

In one aspect the invention provides a fumigant gas capture apparatus. This apparatus includes at least one channel adapted for connection to a volume containing a fumigant gas, the channel defining an inlet which receives gas and an outlet which allows gas to exit the channel. The apparatus also includes at least one drive structure arranged to drive fumigant gas through the channel, at least one spray nozzle adapted to deliver a treatment liquid into the channel, and at least one packing element positioned within the channel to allow a spray nozzle or nozzle to spray treatment liquid on to the packing element.

METHOD FOR REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM GAS FLOWS CONTAINING WATER

The invention relates to adsorbents for removing contaminants from gas flows containing water, particularly for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents contain oxides of elements selected from the group Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of said elements, at a copper oxide content of at least 30 wt %, and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml.g-1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR FLUID PURIFICATION

The present disclosure generally relates to filter media compositions, apparatuses and systems for removing contaminants from fluids, as well as methods of using the same. In certain aspects the filter media comprises on or more halogenated resins (103) and one or more contaminant sorbent media (102, 104, 105, 106). The filter media of the present disclosure may be self-contained in a single unit or certain components may be housed in separate units acting in parallel or in series.

Exhaust gas treatment system, and exhaust gas treatment method

Disclosed is an exhaust gas treatment system (10A) which is provided with a boiler (11) for burning fuel, an air heater (13) for collecting the heat of the exhaust gas (17) from the boiler (11), and a desulfurization unit (15) which removes, by means of an absorption liquid, the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas (17) after the heat thereof was collected, wherein a wastewater supplying means (P0 to P5), which supplies the desulfurization wastewater (28) that is discharged from the desulfurization unit (15), is disposed on at least one of the following locations: a path for supplying fuel to the boiler (11), inside the furnace of the boiler (11), or inside the smoke path between the boiler (11) and the air heater (13). As a consequence of having the abovementioned configuration, the amount of desulfurization wastewater, that is returned to the smoke path per unit time, can be increased compared to the prior art without having to increase the size of the entire exhaust gas treatment ...

PROCESS OF TREATMENT OF GAS OR LIQUIDS RESULTING FROM CATALYTIC REFORMING

INTEGRATED BIOGAS CLEANING SYSTEM TO REMOVE WATER, SILOXANES, SULFUR, OXYGEN, CHLORIDES AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Exhaust gas treating device

This invention relates to an exhaust gas treating device for conducting a burning treatment of an exhaust gas released from manufacturing devices and the like for producing semiconductor elements, liquid crystal, LED and the likes, to render the treated gas harmless. This invention provides an exhaust gas treating device by burning the exhaust gas, to render the treated gas harmless, wherein, the exhaust gas treating device has a cylindrical combustion chamber (1): which contains a fuel nozzle (3A), a combustion supporting gas nozzle (3B) and a treating gas nozzle (3C) respectively introducing the fuel, the combustion supporting gas and the treating gas in to the combustion chamber in a direction of the tangent line of the inner periphery. The fuel nozzle (3A), the combustion supporting gas nozzle (3B) and the treating gas nozzle (3C) are provided on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the combustion chamber (1).

METHOD OF REMOVING HALOGEN GAS AND REMOVER FOR HALOGEN GAS

A method of halogen gas removal and a halogen gas remover which have the excellent ability to remove a halogen gas in a low-concentration region, are effective in inhibiting the adsorbent from heating up, and can reduce the amount of a solid waste to be generated. The method of halogen gas removal comprises bringing a gas to be treated which contains at least one member selected from the halogen gas group consisting of F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and compounds which generate a hydrogen halide or hypohalgoneous acid upon hydrolysis into contact with granules comprising, based on the whole granules, 45-99.85 mass% alkali metal salt, 0.1-40 mass% carbonaceous material, and 0-15 mass%, excluding 0 mass%, alkaline earth metal salt in the presence of water to remove the halogen gas(es).

PROCESS FOR DECONTAMINATING SYNGAS

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Adsorbents for removing contaminants from gas flows containing water

The invention relates to adsorbents for removing impurities from water-comprising gas streams, in particular for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents comprise oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of these elements, have a copper oxide content of at least 30% by weight and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml·g1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

Use of a faujasite and method for the adsorption of halogen-containing gases

Reduction of noxious substances

A process for the removal of noxious substances from a gas stream comprises introducing the gas stream and an inorganic hydride (as a reducing agent) into a heated chamber. Preferably, the gas stream contains at least one of Cl2, F2, AlCl3, NF3, ClF3, SiCl4, C3F8, and C4F10. The inorganic hydride is typically one or more of silane, diborane, phosphine and ammonia. The chamber may be heated to a temperature of between 350°C to 900°C.

A method for the removal of oxygen from an industrial gas feed

Oxygen is removed from a gas feed such as a landfill gas, a digester gas or an industrial CO ...

Filter device, containing a packing consisting of catalytic material in a slanted bed with flow-influencing devices located thereunder

The invention relates to a filter device, in particular for gases containing multiple pollutants, comprising a slanted bed having a packing made of catalytic material. The bed comprises a retaining wall at the lower longitudinal side, wherein in the region of an end face of the bed, a clean gas outlet is designed, emitting the gas that has passed through the packing, and wherein a flushing gas inlet is likewise designed in the region of an end face of the bed, wherein the flushing gas inlet (40) and the clean gas outlet (36) are designed on the same end face (38), and wherein flow influencing devices (50) are mounted in a distributed manner underneath the bed (12) between the two end faces, said devices preventing or at least reducing in particular flow peaks in the flow of the flushing gas through of the bed (12).

Process for decontaminating syngas

Preparation of a solid containing zinc oxide used for purifying a gas or a liquid

The invention relates to a method for preparing a solid containing ZnO and a binder, including the following steps: premixing powders including at least one ZnO powder and at least one binder; kneading the paste thus obtained; extruding the paste; drying the extrudates; and calcinating the same in an gaseous flow including oxygen.

PREPARATION OF A SOLID CONTAINING ZINC OXIDE USED FOR PURIFYING A GAS OR A LIQUID

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un solide comprenant du ZnO et un liant, comprenant les étapes suivantes: prémélange des poudres comprenant au moins une poudre de ZnO, au moins un liant, malaxage de la pâte obtenue, extrusion de la pâte, séchage des extradés, calcination sous un flux gazeux comprenant de l'oxygène.

MEMBRANE PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF CHLORINE-CONTAINING GASES

A membrane process for separating chlorine from chlorine-containing gas streams (1) is disclosed. The process employs a permselective membrane (2) that is selective to chlorine and is stable in the long-term presence of chlorin e. The process can be used to treat tail-gas from chlor-alkali plants, for example.

Integral process for desulfurizing, denitrating and purifying coke oven smoke by dry-method

GAS PURIFICATION METHOD

GAS PROCESSING APPARATUS

A gas processing apparatus of high versatility that ensures easy management and low maintenance frequency, and that is capable of processing a wide variety of processing object gases emitted from industrial processes, such as semiconductor manufacturing process. There is provided gas processing apparatus (10) equipped with reactor (12) surrounding atmospheric pressure plasma (P) and processing object gas (F) fed toward atmospheric pressure plasma (P), adapted to perform pyrolysis of the processing object gas (F) thereinside, characterized in that the reactor (12) is fitted with water supply means (16) for covering the internal surface thereof with water (W). By this construction, so-known “wet wall” is provided on approximately the whole of the internal surface of the reactor (12). Thus, there can be attained not only prevention of sticking/accumulation resulting from contact of solid components of the processing object gas (F) with the internal surface of the reactor (12) but also retardation ...

Method for separating each substance from mixed gas containing plural substances and apparatus thereof

The present invention provides a method for separating each substance from a mixed gas containing a plurality of substances comprising the steps of: liquefying the mixed gas by cooling; and separating the plural substances transferred into a liquid generated by the liquefying step into the substances of one group and the substances of the other group, wherein the substances of one group substantially remain to present in the liquid and the substances of the other group are separated from the liquid by evaporation.

Methods for treatment of radioactive organic waste

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes.

Apparatus and methods for saturating and purifying syngas

Apparatus and processes for saturating and purifying syngas are provided. In one or more embodiments, the apparatus can include two packed beds through which water and syngas flow countercurrently. In the first bed, the syngas can be at least partially saturated with water, and in the second bed hydrocarbons, byproducts, or both can be removed from the syngas. Processes for saturating and purifying syngas using the apparatus discussed and described herein are also provided.

Process for the separation of hydrogen foreign halides from a hydrogen chloride stream by means of absorption

Separation of small amounts of contaminant hydrogen halides from hydrogen chloride gases is by absorption, especially using water or aqueous hydrochloric acid as absorbent Separation of small amounts of hydrogen halides contaminating hydrogen chloride (HCl) gases comprises contacting the gas with an absorbent which selectively removes the contaminant.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ТВЕРДОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ДИОКСИДА ЦИНКА, ПОДХОДЯЩЕГО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗА ИЛИ ЖИДКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к способу получения твердого материала, содержащего ZnO и связующее, включающему следующие этапы: предварительное смешение порошков, содержащих по меньшей мере один порошок ZnO, по меньшей мере одно связующее (этап а), размешивание полученной пасты (этап b), экструзия (этап с) пасты, полученной на этапе b, сушка экструдатов, прокаливание (этап d) в потоке газа, содержащего кислород. Изобретение позволяет повысить физико-механические свойства твердого материала 3 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 8 табл.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ТВЕРДОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ДИОКСИДА ЦИНКА, ПОДХОДЯЩЕГО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗА ИЛИ ЖИДКОСТИ

... 1. Способ получения твердого материала, включающего ZnO и связующее, причем указанный способ содержит следующие этапы:a) предварительное смешивание порошков, содержащих по меньшей мере один порошок ZnO и по меньшей мере одно связующее;b) размешивание пасты, полученной путемi. приведения в контакт предварительно смешанных порошков и раствора, содержащего пептизатор, что приводит к получению пасты,ii. размешивания пасты;c) экструзия пасты, полученной на этапе b), при давлении в интервале от 3 до 10 МПа;d) сушка экструдатов, полученных на этапе c), при температуре в интервале от 70 до 160°C в течение периода от 1 до 24 ч;e) прокаливание высушенных экструдатов при температуре от 200 до 800°C в течение периода, варьирующегося от 1 до 6 ч, в потоке газа, содержащего кислород;причем пептизатор, использующийся на этапе a), выбран из группы, состоящей из гидроксида натрия, гидроксида калия, гидроксида аммония или органического основания, такого, как амин, соединение четвертичного аммония.2. Способ ...

Liquid scrubbing of gas-phase containments

A main aspect of this invention is the provision of a liquid medium for scrubbing contaminants from an environmental gas-phase. Toxic chemicals such as phosphine and arsine are removed from a gas-phase stream by contacting the gas-phase stream with an aqueous medium which oxidizes the contaminants to water-soluble or water-dispersible type derivatives. The aqueous medium has a content of redox ingredients illustrated by compounds such as silver nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium tungstate, and sulfuric acid.

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING CF4 AND C2F6 FROM A GAS

A process for recovering at least one of CF4 and C2F6 from a vent gas from a n aluminum electrolysis cell. The process includes the steps of: (a) removing inorganic fluorides from a vent gas comprising inorganic florides and at least one of CF4 and C2F6 to obtain a purified vent gas; and (b) contacting the purified vent gas with a membrane at conditions effective to obtain a retentate stream rich in at least one of CF4 and C2F6, and a permeate stream depleted in at least one of CF4 and C2F6.

The exhaust gas processing device

BLOCK OF GARNISHING HIGH CAPACITY Of ADSORPTION FOR DEVICE Of PURIFICATION Of GAS EFFLUENTS

... - L'invention concerne un bloc de garnissage réalisé par empilement alternativement de plaques minces ondulées (P1, P3) avec une première direction d'allongement (X1), et de plaques minces ondulées avec une deuxième direction d'allongement (X2) différente de la première, et avec des feuilles (2) réalisées à partir d'un matériau adsorbant les substances polluantes, interposées entre les différentes plaques minces de cette empilement. Un tel bloc sert à garnir des unités d'un dispositif d'épuration et il est disposé dans un courant d'effluents contenant des substances polluantes de façon que les effluents parcourent les canaux délimités par les ondulations des plaques minces et les feuilles interposées. - Application à la concentration et l'épuration de substances polluantes telles que des C.O.V où à la deshumidication de gaz.

Process for purifying sulfur oxides-containing gas

Impurities such as halides and ammonia are efficiently removed from a gas containing Sox at a high concentration without any substantial addition of fresh water in a process for purifying a sulfur oxides-containing gas. The process involves passing a gas containing sulfur oxides and impurities at a high concentration successively through a first washing column and thence through a second washing column, thereby water washing the gas through the two washing columns to remove the impurities from the gas. The first washing column is operated so that the outlet temperature of the gas from the first washing column is at a temperature at which the gas can have a maximum water content or a temperature near this temperature, and the second washing column is operated such that the outlet temperature of the gas from the second washing column at least 20° C. lower than the outlet temperature of the gas from the first washing column.

Semiconductor waste-gas treating apparatus being filth sedimentation-and etching-proof

A semiconductor waste-gas treating apparatus having the ability of preventing sedimentation and etching of filth, the apparatus comprises a header, a waste gas treating trough and an annular guide. The apparatus takes advantage of the function that a header generates flame of high temperature to catalytically decompose waste gas, and by cooperation between an annular guide and a waste gas treating trough, an annular water wall can be formed on the inner wall a waste gas reacting room to isolate and prevent powder and erosive material from contact with the wall of the reacting room; thereby, the phenomenon of sedimentation and etching of filth in the semiconductor waste-gas treating trough can be eliminated.

Liquid scrubbing of gas-phase contaminants

An acidic aqueous medium for contacting and purifying a gas-phase stream by oxidation of a contaminant contained therein. The medium comprises an aqueous medium which contains redox-effective quantities of (1) silver(I) oxidation catalyst, (2) hydrogen peroxide oxidant, (3) silver metal-reoxidation co-catalyst ingredient which forms a cyclic complex with the hydrogen peroxide oxidant, and (4) oxidation-resistant acid. The acidic aqueous medium provides an integrated functionality of components (1) through (4) for the efficient cascade oxidation of a contaminant containing gas stream, and the continuous regeneration of the reduced silver metal catalyst back to the silver(I) oxidation state.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING A GAS STREAM

In order to increase the operable range of a DC plasma torch in an abatement apparatus, the apparatus comprises a power control configured for controlling the power of the plasma torch by selective control of the plasma source gas flow regulator ...

Plasma reactor for abating hazardous materials and driving method thereof

The present invention provides a plasma reactor for abating hazardous materials generated in a low-pressure process during a process of manufacturing a display or a semiconductor. A plasma reactor for abating hazardous materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first ground electrode (21) and a second ground electrode (22) disposed at a distance from each other; a dielectric (30) fixed between the first ground electrode (21) and the second ground electrode (22); and at least one driving electrode (50) disposed on an outer surface of the dielectric, being spaced apart from the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode and connected to an AC power supply unit (40) to receive a driving voltage therefrom.

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

При обработке газового потока, содержащего кислоту и твердые частицы, осуществляют: циркуляционную систему с замкнутым контуром (20), содержащую насос (22) для циркуляции водного чистящего раствора по замкнутому контуру (20), электрохимическое устройство (48) для снижения кислотности циркулирующего раствора и выходное отверстие для отведения части циркулирующего раствора из замкнутого контура (20) в скруббер газоочистки (10). Скруббер газоочистки (10) имеет первый вход для приема отведенного раствора, второй вход для приема газового потока для растворения в отведенном растворе и выход, через который отведенный раствор выводится из скруббера. Замкнутый контур имеет входное отверстие для приема раствора, выходящего из скруббера (10); устройство для мониторинга кислотности раствора (54) в месте, находящемся в пределах замкнутого контура; и контроллер (52) для регулирования уменьшения кислотности раствора в зависимости от измеренной концентрации для регулирования растворимости твердого компонента ...

ФИЛЬТРОВАЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО АЭРОЗОЛИ И/ИЛИ ГАЗООБРАЗНЫЙ ЙОД ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

... 1. Фильтровальное устройство (1, 1', 1”, 1'”) для фильтрации газового потока, содержащего радиоактивные аэрозоли и/или газообразный радиоактивный йод, содержащее закрытый герметично для текучей среды корпус (2) по меньшей мере с одним входом (8) для неочищенного газа, одним выходом (6) для очищенного газа и по меньшей мере одним содержащим фильтрующую среду фильтрующим элементом (3), который расположен в корпусе (2) так, что подлежащий фильтрации газовый поток попадает по меньшей мере от одного входа (8) для неочищенного газа в выход (6) для очищенного газа только через фильтрующий элемент (3), отличающееся тем, что в нем предусмотрен по меньшей мере один трубный элемент (14, 14', 14”, 14'”), который проходит через корпус (2) таким образом от первого проточного поперечного сечения (20) ко второму проточному поперечному сечению (21), которое, при рассматривании в вертикальном направлении, лежит над первым проточным поперечным сечением (21), что все внутреннее пространство трубного элемента ...

Hocheffizientes, auf katalytischer Photooxidation basierendes Abgasreinigungsgerät

Hocheffizientes, auf katalytischer Photooxidation basierendes Abgasreinigungsgerät, umfassend einen Gehäusekörper, wobei ein Lufteinlass auf der linken Seite des Gehäusekörpers vorgesehen ist, wobei ein Luftauslass auf der rechten Seite des Gehäusekörpers vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere UV-Generatoren im Gehäusekörper angeordnet sind, wobei mehrere Ionisationsgeräte im Gehäusekörper angeordnet sind, wobei mehrere photokatalytische Filter im Gehäusekörper angeordnet sind, wobei eine Steuerung auf dem Gehäusekörper angeordnet ist, wobei die Steuerung und die UV-Generatoren elektrisch mit den Ionisationsgeräten verbunden sind, wobei im Bodenbereich des Gehäusekörpers eine trichterförmige Aufnahmewanne vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Auslassöffnung in der Mitte der Aufnahmewanne vorgesehen ist.

Method for cleaning process gases

CHEMICAL ABSORBENT COMPOSITION

A particulate composition said composition comprises a metal carbonate and/or a metal bicarbonate and a compound of aluminium, characterised in that the weight ratio of metal carbonate plus metal bicarbonate compounds to said compound of aluminium is at least 3: 1. The composition is useful for removing halogenated compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing process stream.

HIGH ADSORBING CAPACITY MATERIAL FOR GAS EFFLUENT SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

L'invention concerne un bloc de garnissage réalisé par empilement alternativement de plaques minces ondulées avec une première direction d'allongement, et de plaques minces ondulées avec une deuxième direction d'allongement différente de la première, et avec des feuilles réalisées à partir d'un matériau adsorbant les substances polluantes, interposées entre les différentes plaques minces de cette empilement. Un tel bloc sert à garnir des unités d'un dispositif d'épuration et il est disposé dans un courant d'effluents contenant des substances polluantes de façon que les effluents parcourent les canaux délimités par les ondulations des plaques minces et les feuilles interposées. Application à la concentration et l'épuration de substances polluantes telles que des C.O.V où à la deshumidication de gaz.

BLOCK OF GARNISHING HIGH CAPACITY Of ADSORPTION FOR DEVICE Of GAS EFFLUENT EPURATIOND'

PREPARATION OF A SOLID ZINC OXIDE CAN BE USED FOR THE PURIFICATION OF A GAS OR LIQUID

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un solide comprenant du ZnO et un liant, comprenant les étapes suivantes: prémélange des poudres comprenant au moins une poudre de ZnO, au moins un liant (étape a), malaxage de la pâte obtenue (étape b), extrusion (étape c) de la pâte obtenue à l'étape b), séchage des extrudés, calcination (étape d) sous un flux gazeux comprenant de l'oxygène ...

INTEGRATED BIOGAS CLEANING SYSTEM TO REMOVE WATER, SILOXANES, SULFUR, OXYGEN, CHLORIDES, AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

낮은 반응성 흡착제를 이용한 탄화수소 스트림의 정제 방법

... 본 개시내용은 탄화수소 스트림으로부터 오염물질을 제거하는 방법, 예컨대 올레핀, 파라핀, 방향족, 나프텐 및 기타 탄화수소 스트림으로부터 클로라이드, CO2, COS, H2S, AsH3, 메탄올, 머캅탄 및 다른 S-함유 또는 O-함유 유기 화합물을 제거하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 상기 방법은 제올라이트의 이온 교환능의 적어도 30%의 양으로, 제올라이트, 알루미나 성분 및 금속 성분, 예컨대 나트륨을 포함하는 흡착제와 상기 스트림을 접촉시키는 단계를 수반한다.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SATURATING AND PURIFYING SYNGAS

Apparatus and processes for saturating and purifying syngas are provided. In one or more embodiments, the apparatus can include two packed beds through which water and syngas flow countercurrently. In the first bed, the syngas can be at least partially saturated with water, and in the second bed hydrocarbons, byproducts, or both can be removed from the syngas. Processes for saturating and purifying syngas using the apparatus discussed and described herein are also provided.

MEMBRANE PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF CHLORINE-CONTAINING GASES

A membrane process for separating chlorine from chlorine-containing gas streams (1) is disclosed. The process employs a permselective membrane (2) that is selective to chlorine and is stable in the long-term presence of chlorine. The process can be used to treat tail-gas from chlor-alkali plants, for example.

Waste gas purification system and method

A waste gas purification system according to an embodiment includes an adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit, an enhanced absorption unit, an air inducing unit, and a flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit that are sequentially connected. The waste gas enters a heat exchange device of the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit through a first waste gas delivery pipeline to perform heat exchange, then is converged with waste gas in a second waste gas delivery pipeline and enters a third waste gas delivery pipeline. Waste gas in the third waste gas delivery pipeline is purified after sequentially passing through the adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit and the enhanced absorption unit. Purified flue gas is introduced into the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit by the air inducing unit, and the purified flue gas is discharged after performing heat exchange with the heat exchange device.

Gas recovery unit

Provided is a gas recovery unit which is more efficient in its recovery and less expensive to run. The gas recovery unit comprises a CVD device, an exhaust gas recovery part and an exhaust gas purification part. The exhaust gas recovery part is constructed so as to have an inert gas reservoir part capable of accommodating liquid nitrogen, to have an exhaust gas supply part for supplying an exhaust gas to said inert gas reservoir part so that it can be brought in gasliquid contact with the liquid nitrogen, and to have a recovered and liquefied gas discharge part for discharging the recovered and liquefied gas which has been liquefied in the inert gas reservoir part. The exhaust gas purification part is constructed so as to have a recovered and liquefied gas reception part, an evaporator and a condenser for carrying out a heat exchange between said liquid nitrogen and the recovered and liquefied gas which has been evaporated, and cleaning gas recovery parts, and to have a cooling inert gas ...

Membrane process for treatment of chlorine-containing gas streams

A membrane process for separating chlorine from chlorine-containing gas streams is disclosed. The process employs a permselective membrane that is selective to chlorine and is stable in the long-term presence of chlorine. The process can be used to treat tail-gas from chlor-alkali plants, for example.

Filter with diffusion channel and methods of making and using the filter

A filter has a channel layer film defining a channel, a boundary layer mounted to at least a portion of the channel layer film and forming a non-adhesive boundary for the channel, and filter media disposed in fluid communication with the channel. The boundary layer typically includes a non-porous or semipermeable film. The filter is configured and arranged to provide for flow of at least a portion of a fluid along the channel and into the filter media. This filter can be used in a device as a filter over a vent in a housing of the device.

Process for recovering CF4 and C2F6 from a gas

A process for recovering at least one of CF4 and C2F6 from a vent gas from an aluminum electrolysis cell. The process includes the steps of: (a) removing inorganic fluorides from a vent gas comprising inorganic fluorides and at least one of CF4 and C2F6 to obtain a purified vent gas; and (b) contacting the purified vent gas with a membrane at conditions effective to obtain a retentate stream rich in at least one of CF4 and C2F6, and a permeate stream depleted in at least one of CF4 and C2F6.

Apparatus for treating a gas stream

In order to increase the operable range of a DC plasma torch in an abatement apparatus, the apparatus comprises a power control configured for controlling the power of the plasma torch by selective control of the plasma source gas flow regulator.

Removal of noxious substances from gas streams

Ammonia production

Apparatus for cleaning a gas stream

The operable range of a DC plasma torch 14 in an abatement apparatus 10 for treating waste gases 12 is made variable depending on the type of abatement required. The apparatus comprises a power control 26 configured for controlling the power of the plasma torch 14 by selective control of the plasma source gas flow regulator 24 rather than solely the current supplied to the torch 14.

Method of treating a gas stream

In a method of treating a gas stream, an aqueous scrubbing liquor is circulated through an essentially closed loop (20) comprising an electrochemical unit (48) for reducing the acidity of the liquor. A portion of the circulating liquor is diverted away from the closed loop (20) to a gas scrubbing unit (10). The gas stream enters the scrubbing unit (10), wherein an acid, for example HF and solid particulates, for example SiO particulates, within the gas stream dissolve in the diverted liquor. The diverted liquor is subsequently returned to the closed loop (20), and is replenished in the scrubbing unit (10) by fresh liquor diverted from the closed loop (20). A device (46) is provided for monitoring the acidity of the liquor at a location within the closed loop (20). The reduction in the acidity of the liquor by the electrochemical cell (48) is controlled depending on the monitored concentration. By controlling the acidity of the liquor, the solubility of the solid particulates within the ...

Feed gas contaminant removal in ion transport membrane systems

An oxygen ion transport membrane process wherein a heated oxygen-containing gas having one or more contaminants is contacted with a reactive solid material to remove 5 the one or more contaminants. The reactive solid material is provided as a deposit on a support. The one or more contaminant compounds in the heated oxygen-containing gas react with the reactive solid material. The contaminant-depleted oxygen-containing gas is contacted with a membrane, and oxygen is transported through the membrane to provide transported oxygen. - 29 - tO 0 C) N r-N- ...

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING CF4 AND C2F6 FROM A GAS

A process for recovering at least one of CF4 and C2F6 from a vent gas from an aluminum electrolysis cell. The process includes the steps of: (a) removing inorganic fluorides from a vent gas comprising inorganic florides and at least one of CF4 and C2F6 to obtain a purified vent gas; and (b) contacting the purified vent gas with a membrane at conditions effective to obtain a retentate stream rich in at least one of CF4 and C2F6, and a permeate stream depleted in at least one of CF4 and C2F6.

FIELD REPLACEABLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CARTRIDGE FOR WASTE CONVERSION INTO FUEL

Disclosed herein is a field replaceable multifunction cartridge for the conversion of composite high molecular weight hydrocarbon vapours, extracted from homogenous or heterogeneous, segregated or unsegregated, wet or dry, unclean miscellaneous multi-feed waste input, to produce low molecular weight fractions of industriously combustible fuel products through catalytic cracking. The multifunction cartridge system is constructed in a modular fashion is capable of performing the catalytic, cleaning and scrubbing functions through the temperature range ranging from ambient to 500°C, owing to the high mechanical strength, low coefficient of expansion, resistance to thermal fatigue etc.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING HYDROCARBON STREAMS USING LOW REACTIVITY ADSORBENTS

Process for removing sulphur-containing, nitrogen-containing and halogen-containing impurities contained in a synthesis gas

The invention relates to a process for finally removing sulphur-containing, nitrogen-containing and halogen-containing impurities contained in a synthesis gas, said process including: a) a joint step for hydrolysing COS and HCN contained in the gas and for collecting the halogen-containing compounds, using a TiO 2 -based catalyst, b) a washing step using a solvent, c) a step for desulphurisation on a collecting or adsorbing mass. The synthesis gas purified in accordance with the process of the invention contains less than 10 ppb by weight, less than 10 ppb by weight of nitrogen-containing impurities and less than 10 ppb by weight of halogen-containing impurities.

Nanoparticular metal oxide/anatase catalysts

The present invention concerns a method of preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts having a narrow particle size distribution. In particular, the invention concerns preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalyst precursors comprising combustible crystallization seeds upon which the catalyst metai oxide is co-precipitated with the carrier metal oxide, which crystallization seeds are removed by combustion in a final calcining step. The present invention also concerns processes wherein the nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts of the invention are used, such as SCR (deNOx) reactions of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or urea as reductant, oxidations of alcohols or aldehydes with dioxygen or air to provide aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids, and photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

USE OF A TiO2- BASED COMPOSITION FOR CAPTURING HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS CONTAINED IN A GASEOUS MIXTURE

The invention is concerned with the use of a TiO 2 -based composition for capturing halogenated compounds contained in a gaseous mixture, said composition comprising between 10 wt. % and 100 wt. % of TiO 2 and between 1 wt. % and 30 wt. % of at least one sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal selected from calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium.

Vapor recovery system utilizing compression-condensation processes and related methods

An off gas extraction system cleans common sources of off gas, such as storage tanks and polluted soils. Off gas is extracted, followed by compression and condensation. Compression and condensation produce an off gas that can be reintroduced as a treated gas into the off gas source. Alternatively, a regenerative absorber cleans the treated gas by adsorbing residual chemical vapor and concentrates the removed chemical vapors and reprocesses them. If the treated gas is not reintroduced into the off gas source, conventional scrubbers may used on the back end of the system to produce a final exhaust as prescribed by environmental regulation. Methods of accomplishing the same are similarly provided, including novel methods for degassing storage tanks and treating polluted soils to meet current environmental regulations, as well as green technology and sustainability initiatives.

Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods

In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.

Method for the Pressure Relief of a Nuclear Power Plant, Pressure-Relief System for a Nuclear Power Plant and Associated Nuclear Power Plant

A method and a corresponding device for the pressure relief of a nuclear power plant having an outlet for a relief flow. The relief flow is guided out of a containment into the atmosphere via a relief line provided with a filter system. The filter system has a filter chamber with a filter-chamber inlet and outlet and a sorbent filter arranged therebetween. The relief flow is guided in a high-pressure section of the relief line past the filter chamber, with the latter being heated, and the relief flow is expanded at the end of the high-pressure section and dried. In order for efficient retention of iodine-containing organic compounds, the relief flow is guided through a bed filter, guided in a superheating section past the high-pressure section of the relief line and in the process is heated, guided in this state directly thereafter through the filter chamber having the sorbent filter.

Gas treatment by catalytic ozone oxidation

In one embodiment, a catalyst for ozone oxidation of pollutant components dispersed in a gas is provided. The ozone oxidation catalyst has a porous body formed from a metal body, a ceramic, or polymeric fibers coated with metal. A catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the surface of the porous body. The catalytic noble metal composition is formed from particles of a noble metal supported by a mesoporous molecular sieve.

Semiconductor Production Equipment Including Fluorine Gas Generator

A semiconductor production equipment includes a fluorine gas generator, and a detoxification device for combusting a waste gas containing a fluorine-based gas. The fluorine gas generator is configured to electrolyze hydrogen fluoride in an electrolytic bath of a molten salt containing hydrogen fluoride to generate a main product gas whose major component is fluorine gas at an anode side and generate a by-product gas whose major component is hydrogen at a cathode side. The semiconductor production equipment further includes a lead-out line for introducing the by-product gas generated from the fluorine gas generator to the detoxification device. The detoxification device includes a mechanism for using the by-product gas sent to the detoxification device as a combustion agent.

Biotrickling filter for treating waste gas and treating method using the same

A biotrickling filter for treating waste gas including a waste gas inlet, packing layers, a spray pipe, a spray liquid storage tank, and a waste gas outlet. The waste gas passes through a first packing layer after passing through the waste gas inlet and then passes through a second packing layer after changing the flow direction at the bottom of the first packing layer; the flow directions of the waste gas in the first packing layer and the second packing layer are opposite to form a cross-flow structure; the two different flow directions of the waste gas form a cross-flow unit, and two or more cross-flow units form the biotrickling filter.

Systems and methods for gas treatment

A system and process for the recovery of at least one halogenated hydrocarbon from a gas stream. The recovery includes adsorption by exposing the gas stream to an adsorbent with a lattice structure having pore diameters with an average pore opening of between about 5 and about 50 angstroms. The adsorbent is then regenerated by exposing the adsorbent to a purge gas under conditions which efficiently desorb the at least one adsorbed halogenated hydrocarbon from the adsorbent. The at least one halogenated hydrocarbon (and impurities or reaction products) can be condensed from the purge gas and subjected to fractional distillation to provide a recovered halogenated hydrocarbon.

Diaphragm

A diaphragm for a lung demand valve, including a chemical, biological, radiological and/or nuclear (CBRN) layer which is sufficiently resistant to the permeation of at least some CBRN agents and a resilient layer which is resiliently deformable. The CRBN layer is arranged to restrict the permeation of at least some CBRN agents through the diaphragm, and the resilient layer is arranged to allow the diaphragm to be resiliently deformed.

Purification of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

Disclosed is a process for removing impurities from a product stream comprising trans HFO-1234ze and an HFO-1234 impurity that uses one or more adsorbents that are selective for the HFO-1234 impurity, such that the HFO-1234 impurity is removed from the product stream. One such impurity is HFO-1234zc, which is removed from its mixture with trans HFO-1234ze by action of an adsorbent having pores in the range of from about 5 angstroms to about 10 angstroms.

Flat panel contactors and methods

Porous membrane contactors and/or their methods of manufacture and/or use are provided. In at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to flat panel hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane contactors and/or their methods of manufacture and/or use. In at least certain particular embodiments, the present invention is directed to hollow fiber array flat panel contactors, contactor systems, and/or their methods of manufacture and/or use. In at least particular possibly preferred embodiments, the contactor is adapted for placement in an air duct (such as an HVAC ductwork) and has a rectangular frame or housing enclosing at least one wound hollow fiber array or membrane bundle.

Process for the preparation of an alkylene carbonate and an alkylene glycol

The invention provides a reaction system for the production of an alkylene carbonate comprising: an epoxidation zone containing an epoxidation catalyst located within an epoxidation reactor; a carboxylation zone containing an bromide-containing carboxylation catalyst located within an alkylene oxide absorber; and one or more purification zones containing a purification absorbent capable of reducing the quantity of bromide-containing impurities in a feed comprising a recycle gas, which purification zones are located upstream from the epoxidation zone; and a process for the production of an alkylene carbonate and an alkylene glycol.

Particulate Matter and Methods Of Obtaining Same From A Kraft Waste Reclamation

The present invention relates in general to a method for obtaining particulate calcium carbonate and activated carbon particles and methods for using same, and more particularly, to a method for obtaining activated carbon particles having an average particle size less than about 12 microns from a pulp mill.

Sol-gel derived compositions

Disclosed are sol gel derived materials obtained from at least one first precursor and at least one second precursor, as well as sol gel derived compositions containing a plurality of alkylsiloxy substituents obtained from such sol-gel derived materials.

Silica containing basic sorbent for acid gas removal

An acid gas sorbent composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO 2 ) x (OH) y F.B wherein F optionally exists and said F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, or an amine-containing organosilane; and wherein B is a hygroscopic solid at a preferred water to solid molar ratio of about 0.1 to about 6, and more particularly, B is a basic inorganic solid including, but not limiting to, alkali or alkali-earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates, containing at least one of the following metal cations: calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, sodium, lithium, potassium, cesium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, scandium, ytterbium, yttrium, or erbium; wherein the molar ratio of y/x is equal to about 0.01 to about 0.5.

Methanol Carbonylation System with Multiple Absorber Feed Options

A methanol carbonylation system 10 includes an absorber tower 75 adapted for receiving a vent gas stream and removing methyl iodide therefrom with a scrubber solvent, the absorber tower being coupled to first and second scrubber solvent sources 16, 56 which are capable of supplying different first and second scrubber solvents. A switching system including valves 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 alternatively provides first or second scrubber solvents to the absorber tower and returns the used solvent and sorbed material to the carbonylation system to accommodate different operating modes.

Flu Gas Detoxification System; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; Poisons; Twenty One Stage Reduction; Scrubber Recovery; Hydrochloric Acid HCl Chemical Suppressants; and Distillation Recovery.

Plant Flu Gas Detoxification System is scientifically designed and utilized as a twenty skid scrubber and common reservoir basin recovery distillation reduction to chemically control plant flu gas discharge to chemically change carbon monoxide CO, reduce carbon dioxide CO2, to a new yield of water H2O, carbon dioxide CO2, and calcium chloride CaCl2. No emissions are admitted into the atmosphere. One hundred percent 100% of the waste products are controlled as recycled chemical substances composition bottled carbon dioxide CO2, calcium chloride CaCl2 solids, or hazardous solid waste.

Decomposer containing iron particles for organohalogen compound and method for producing the same

A decomposer for an organohalogen compound, containing iron particles comprising iron and iron oxide, wherein the iron particles have a metallic iron content of 15% or more by mass, wherein the metallic iron content is a content of metallic iron in the outermost surface layer of the iron particles to which the ion beam etching has been applied twice under the following etching conditions: degree of vacuum in a chamber: 2.0×10 −2 Pa accelerating voltage of an ion gun: 10 kV emission current: 10 mA etching time: 14 seconds. The decomposer need not contain copper and has the ability to satisfactorily decompose an organohalogen compound. A method for producing the decomposer is also provided.

Uv assisted polymer modification and in situ exhaust cleaning

Apparatus for the removal of exhaust gases are provided herein. In some embodiments, an exhaust apparatus may include a housing defining an inner volume, an inlet and an outlet formed in the housing to facilitate flow of an exhaust gas through the inner volume, wherein the inlet is configured to be coupled to an exhaust outlet of a semiconductor process chamber to receive the exhaust gas therefrom, and wherein the exhaust gas can flow through the inner volume substantially free from obstruction, an ultraviolet light source to provide ultraviolet energy to the exhaust gas present the inner volume during use, wherein the ultraviolet light source provides sufficient energy to at least partially decompose the exhaust gas, and a conduit coupled to the outlet and configured allow at least some ultraviolet energy provided from the ultraviolet light source to travel directly along an axial length of the conduit.

Iodine absorbent material containing salt and radioactive iodine removal system using the same

An apparatus for filtering airborne radioactive iodine is provided. The apparatus includes a housing defining an interior space and comprising an inlet for receiving air and an outlet for discharging the air; and a composition placed in the interior space for trapping airborne radioactive iodine between the inlet and the outlet. The composition comprises one or more salts selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal chloride and an alkaline earth metal chloride. A method of filtering airborne radioactive iodine is further provided. The method includes providing the foregoing apparatus at a nuclear facility and blowing air to flow from the inlet to the outlet and contact the composition placed in the interior space, whereby airborne radioactive iodine is trapped in the interior space.

Absorbent for optics and electrical components

The invention general provides a method of absorbing gases from manufactured articles comprising providing a gas absorbent in gaseous contact with the manufactured article wherein the gas absorber comprises activated carbon, molecular sieve, and alkaline salt.

Process for the purification of crude gas from solids gasification

A process and device is provided for the generation and purification of a crude gas for synthesis gas generation from a solid carbon-containing fuel by a coal gasification reaction. The fuel is mixed with a quenching medium directly after generation to dissipate the internal energy and is then brought into contact with a compound or a sorbent in the mixing chamber or downstream of the mixing chamber such that the acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing constituents contained in the crude gas and originating from the gasification reaction are absorbed. A solids-separating device removes the solid or solidified constituents from the system. The sorbent can be regenerated and returned to the process such that an energy-intensive cooling of the crude gas is not required for its purification and the synthesis gas thus purified can be used in a subsequent process without any further heating.

Cement clinker manufacturing plant

A cement clinker manufacturing plant that includes a plant for producing purified syngas, obtained from solid waste, and process for transferring ash recovered from the ash pan of the gasifier to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device, which the plant includes, and/or of the furnace for the purpose of incorporating said ash into the feedstock; and a process for conveying the purified syngas to the main tuyere of the furnace and/or to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device.

CONTINUOUS DIFFUSION DENUDING WITH MOVING DENUDING SURFACE

A duct can be configured to receive a denuding gas flow. A solid denuding surface that is connected to a drive system can be configured to move the solid denuding surface within the duct while the solid denuding surface is continuously concentrating one or more gas-phase species from the denuding gas flow on the denuding surface. Also, a denuding gas flow can be passed along a denuding surface to concentrate one or more gas phase species from the denuding gas flow onto the denuding surface with a diffusion denuding action. The denuding surface can be moved while continuing to concentrate the one or more gas phase species from the denuding gas flow onto the denuding surface. 1. A denuding apparatus comprising:an exposure zone configured to receive a denuding gas;a solid denuding surface positioned at least partially within the exposure zone and configured to concentrate a gas-phase species from the denuding gas on the denuding surface;a drive system connected to the solid denuding surface, the drive system being configured to move the solid denuding surface relative to the exposure zone while the solid denuding surface is concentrating the gas-phase species from the denuding gas on the denuding surface; anda sensor configured to sense quantities of the gas-phase species concentrated on the denuding surface while the drive system moves the solid denuding surface relative to the exposure zone and while the solid denuding surface is concentrating the gas-phase species from the denuding gas on the denuding surface.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the denuding surface comprises a continuous surface and the apparatus further comprises a treatment zone through which the solid denuding surface is configured to pass to refresh one or more denuding properties of the solid denuding surface.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is further configured to quantify quantities of the gas-phase species.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a data processing ...

METHODS FOR TREATING A FLUE GAS STREAM USING A WET SCRUBBER UNIT

Sorbent compositions, comprising a solid sorbent, a dispersive agent, and optionally a capture agent for enhanced wet-Flue Gas Desulfurization (wFGD) or wet scrubber unit function in a flue gas pollutant control stream is disclosed. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with a dispersive agent, designed to enhance the dispersion of the sorbent in an aqueous sorption liquid of a wet scrubber unit, and therefore may be especially useful in EGU or industrial boiler flue gas streams that include one or more wet scrubber units. The sorbent composition may also include a capture agent useful in sequestering mercury and bromine, as well as other contaminants that may include arsenic, selenium and nitrates. 1. A wet scrubber unit disposed in a flue gas train , the wet scrubber unit containing an aqueous sorption liquid , wherein the aqueous sorption liquid comprises:water;an alkaline compound dispersed in the water;a solid sorbent; anda dispersive agent,wherein the solid sorbent is dispersed throughout the aqueous sorption liquid.2. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 1 , wherein the alkaline compound comprises limestone.3. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 1 , wherein the solid sorbent comprises a carbonaceous sorbent.4. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 3 , wherein the carbonaceous sorbent comprises activated carbon.5. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 1 , wherein the dispersive agent is selected from the group consisting of dispersants claim 1 , deflocculants claim 1 , surfactants claim 1 , wetting agents claim 1 , coupling agents and mixtures thereof.6. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 5 , wherein dispersive agent comprises a deflocculant.7. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 6 , wherein the dispersive agent comprises a phosphate salt.8. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 7 , wherein the phosphate salt comprises tri-sodium phosphate.9. The wet scrubber unit recited in claim 1 , wherein the dispersive agent is disposed on the solid ...

HIGH CAPACITY REGENERABLE GRAPHENE-BASED SORBENT

A process of removing a volatile organic compound (VOC) from a gaseous environment, involving contacting a gaseous feedstream containing one or more VOC's, such as an odoriferous compound, an irritant, a contaminant or pollutant, for example, formaldehyde, with a sorbent under conditions sufficient to reduce the concentration of the VOC's in the gaseous feedstream. The sorbent is comprised of a functionalized graphene prepared by amination of graphene oxide. The sorbent is regenerated by adsorbate desorption under mild conditions of air flow. The process can be run through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles in a single fixed bed or swing bed configuration, and is applicable to purifying indoor air and ventilation air as well as reducing pollutants in industrial waste gas streams. 1. A process of removing a volatile organic compound from a gaseous feedstream , comprising contacting the gaseous feedstream comprising an initial concentration of the volatile organic compound with a sorbent under adsorption conditions sufficient to produce an effluent stream comprising a reduced concentration of the volatile organic compound , as compared with the initial concentration; wherein the sorbent comprises a functionalized graphene prepared by a process comprising reacting graphene oxide with an amine of the formula NHR , wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen , Calkyl , and Caminoalkyl , the reacting occurring under conditions sufficient to produce the functionalized graphene.2. A process of removing a volatile organic compound from a gaseous feedstream , comprising contacting the gaseous feedstream comprising an initial concentration of the volatile organic compound with a sorbent under conditions sufficient to produce an effluent stream comprising a reduced concentration of the volatile organic compound , as compared with the initial concentration; the sorbent comprising a nitrogen and oxygen-functionalized graphene prepared by a ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING CHLORINE DIOXIDE

The present invention relates to a process for producing an aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide from gaseous chlorine dioxide and from an aqueous phase. The invention additionally relates to an apparatus for producing an aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide and/or for carrying out the process of the invention. Finally, the invention also relates to the use of an apparatus according to the invention for carrying out a process according to the invention. In the following, all statements made in respect of the process of the invention also apply correspondingly to the apparatus of the invention and the use according to the invention, and vice versa, unless indicated otherwise in the individual case. 1. A process for producing an aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide from gaseous chlorine dioxide and from an aqueous phase ,comprising the following steps:(a) production of a first aqueous solution comprising dissolved chlorine dioxide and further dissolved constituents,(b) transfer of dissolved chlorine dioxide from the first aqueous solution produced into a first gas stream comprising a carrier gas, resulting in a second gas stream which comprises carrier gas and is enriched in gaseous chlorine dioxide,(c) transfer of gaseous chlorine dioxide from the second gas stream into an aqueous phase, with chlorine dioxide being dissolved in the aqueous phase to form the aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide and a third gas stream which is depleted in chlorine dioxide being formed, from the third gas stream', 'or', 'from a chlorine dioxide-containing fraction of the third gas stream and further added gaseous compounds, '(d) production of further amounts of the first gas stream'}and repetition or continuation of the above process steps (b) and (c) so that further amounts of chlorine dioxide are dissolved in the aqueous phase,where acid-chlorite process,', 'hydrochloric acid-chlorite process,', 'acid-hypochlorite-chlorite process,', 'peroxodisulfate- ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF PURIFIED 1-CHLORO-2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND PURIFIED 1-CHLORO-2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE (Z)

There is provided a method of efficiently manufacturing purified 1224containing 1224at a high concentration from a mixture containing 1224and a compound that forms an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1224A manufacturing method of purified 1224includes making a first mixture of 1224and a compound (X1) forming an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1224to be brought into contact with a first extraction solvent to obtain purified 1224not substantially containing the compound (X1). 1. A manufacturing method of purified 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene , comprising making a first mixture of 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene and a compound (X1) forming an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene to be brought into contact with a first extraction solvent to obtain purified 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene not substantially containing the compound (X1).2. A manufacturing method of purified 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (Z) , comprising making a second mixture of 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (Z) and a compound (X2) forming an azeotropic composition or an azeotropic-like composition with 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (Z) to be brought into contact with a second extraction solvent to obtain purified 1-chloro-2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (Z) not substantially containing the compound (X2).3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 , whereinthe compound (X1) is a compound which exhibits a relative volatility between 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and the compound (X1) in the first mixture of 0.9 to 1.1.4. The manufacturing method according to claim 2 , whereinthe compound (X2) is a compound which exhibits a relative volatility between 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (Z) and the compound (X2) in the second mixture of 0.9 to 1.1.5. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 , whereinthe first extraction ...

ABATEMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS

An abatement apparatus and method are disclosed. The abatement apparatus is for treating an effluent stream from a semiconductor processing tool and comprises: a first abatement device configured to receive the effluent stream and operable to run in an active mode to treat the effluent stream; a second abatement device operable to run in an idle mode; and control logic operable, on receipt of an indication of an alarm condition associated with the first abatement device, to run the second abatement device in the active mode. In this way, a first or primary abatement device is provided which treats the effluent stream and a second or back-up abatement device is provided, should the first abatement device malfunction. However, by only causing the second abatement device to operate in the active mode when the first abatement device malfunctions, significant energy savings can be made. 1. An abatement apparatus for treating an effluent stream from a semiconductor processing tool , comprising:a first abatement device configured to receive said effluent stream and operable to run in an active mode to treat said effluent stream;a second abatement device operable to run in an idle mode; andcontrol logic operable, on receipt of an indication of an alarm condition associated with said first abatement device, to run said second abatement device in said active mode.2. The abatement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said alarm condition indicates that an operational characteristic of said first abatement device has varied more than a threshold amount.3. The abatement apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said operational characteristic comprises at least one of a pressure claim 2 , a flow rate claim 2 , a sensor error and a valve error.4. The abatement apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a divert valve operable to supply said effluent stream to one of said first abatement device and said second abatement device.5. The abatement apparatus of claim 4 , wherein said control logic is operable ...

Purification method and purification apparatus for off-gas

The present invention relates to a purification method and a purification apparatus for off-gas. More specifically, the present invention relates to a purification method and a purification apparatus for off-gas, capable of lowering the concentration of hydrogen chloride and separating high-purity hydrogen from the off-gas, which is discharged after performing a polysilicon deposition process by a chemical vapor deposition reaction.

Purification Process

A process is described for removing halogen compounds, particularly chlorine compounds, from a process fluid, comprising the steps of (i) passing a process fluid containing hydrogen halide over a first sorbent to remove hydrogen halide and generate a hydrogen halide depleted process fluid and then, (ii) passing the hydrogen halide depleted process fluid over a second different sorbent to remove organic halide compounds therefrom. A purification system suitable for removing hydrogen halide and organic halide compounds from process fluids is also described. 1. A process for removing a halogen compound from a process fluid , comprising the steps of:(i) passing a process fluid containing hydrogen halide over a first sorbent comprising an alkalized alumina to remove hydrogen halide and generate a hydrogen halide depleted process fluid; and(ii) passing the hydrogen halide depleted process fluid over a second sorbent comprising zeolite 13X to remove an organic halide compound.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid is a hydrogen gas stream comprising 50% vol or greater of hydrogen.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid is a liquid stream comprising a hydrocarbon or a gas stream comprising a hydrocarbon.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid is a liquid stream comprising a hydrocarbon.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the halogen compound is a bromine compound or a chlorine compound.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the halogen compound is a chlorine compound.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen halide content of the process fluid fed to the first sorbent is in the range of from 0.1 to 20 ppm.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first sorbent comprises acidic sites that form one or more organic halide compounds.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid from step (ii) is passed over a third sorbent to remove residual or formed hydrogen halide.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the third sorbent is ...

ENHANCED INJECTION OF MERCURY OXIDANTS

The disclosure relates generally to reducing mercury emissions from a coal power plant. Specifically, a method for treating a gas stream containing mercury is provided that includes injecting a mercury oxidant or absorbent and a carrying agent into a gas stream that was produced by heating or burning a carbonaceous fuel comprising mercury. The carrying agent vaporizes after being injected into the gas stream. The mercury oxidant or absorbent and a carrying agent may be injected before passing the gas stream into a gas scrubber. 1. A method of treating a gas stream containing mercury , comprising:injecting a composition into the gas stream before passing the gas stream into a gas scrubber, wherein the composition comprises an oxidant or absorbent and a carrying agent; andvaporizing the carrying agent in the composition after injecting the composition into the gas stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant comprises a halogen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant or absorbent is selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid claim 1 , hypochlorite claim 1 , hypobromite claim 1 , hypobromous acid claim 1 , perbromic acid claim 1 , bromous acid claim 1 , hypoiodite claim 1 , persulfate claim 1 , chlorine dioxide claim 1 , a mixture of hypochlorite claim 1 , hypobromite claim 1 , and hypoiodite claim 1 , a mixture of hypochlorite and hypobromite claim 1 , a mixture of hypochlorite and hypoiodite claim 1 , a mixture of hypobromite and hypoiodite claim 1 , copper sulfate claim 1 , polysulfide claim 1 , a mixture of copper sulfate and polysulfide claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is selected from hypobromite claim 1 , hypobromous acid claim 1 , perbromic acid claim 1 , bromous acid claim 1 , hypoiodite claim 1 , and any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a bromide salt and the oxidant is selected from hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , sodium percarbonate ...

Device for producing and treating a gas stream through an automatically controlled volume of liquid

The device for producing and treating a gas stream (F) includes an exchange enclosure ( 2 ) having at least a first discharge opening ( 2 b ) for a gas stream, means ( 3; 4 ) for supplying the enclosure with a liquid (L), means ( 3; 5 ) for discharging the liquid (L) contained in the exchange enclosure ( 2 ) and aeraulic means ( 6 ), which make it possible, during operation, to create, by means of suction or blowing, an incoming gas stream (F) coming from outside the exchange enclosure ( 2 ), so that said incoming gas stream (F) is introduced into the volume of liquid (V) contained in the exchange enclosure ( 2 ), and an outgoing gas stream (F′), treated by direct contact with said volume of liquid, rises inside the exchange enclosure and is discharged out of the exchange enclosure ( 2 ) through the discharge opening ( 2 b ).

EXTRACTION OF PHYTOSTEROLS FROM TALL OIL SOAP USING A SOLVENT SELECTED FROM DIBROMOMETHANE, BROMOFORM, TETRABROMOMETHANE OR A COMBINATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to extraction of phytosterols from alkaline tall oil soap which is obtained from the Kraft process black liquor by skimming. In the method according to the present invention, phytosterols are extracted using dibromomethane, bromoform, tetrabromomethane or a combination thereof. 1. A process for extracting phytosterols from tall oil soap comprising the steps ofa) obtaining tall oil soap,b) mixing the tall oil soap with a solvent selected from dibromomethane, bromoform, tetrabromomethane or a combination thereof, andc) recovering phytosterols from the solvent extract.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent in step b) is selected from dibromomethane claim 1 , bromoform or a combination thereof.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein step c) involves separation of phases followed by distillation of the selected solvent with elevated temperature at normal or reduced pressure.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein step c) involves precipitation of the phytosterols.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the phytosterols recovered in step c) are purified by crystallization.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein dibromomethane is used as solvent.7. A process according to any claim 1 , wherein bromoform is used as solvent.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein tetrabromomethane is used as solvent.9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a combination of bromoform and dibromomethane is used as solvent.10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a combination of bromoform claim 1 , dibromomethane and tetrabromomethane is used as solvent.11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is recycled after isolation of the phytosterols and the extraction solvent adsorbed in an aqueous phase is recycled through acidulation claim 1 , phase separation and subsequent distillation. The present invention relates to extraction of phytosterols from alkaline tall oil soap which is obtained from the Kraft ...

NOBLE GAS RECOVERY SYSTEM

A system comprising a pumping system configured to pump respective exhaust gases from each of a plurality of chemical etching process chambers and to combine the exhaust gases to provide a combined exhaust gas, and a noble gas recovery system configured to process the combined exhaust gas to remove one or more noble gases therefrom. 1. A system comprising:a pumping system configured to pump respective exhaust gases from each of a plurality of chemical etching process chambers and to combine the exhaust gases to provide a combined exhaust gas; anda noble gas recovery system configured to process the combined exhaust gas to remove one or more noble gases therefrom.2. The system of claim 1 , whereinthe pumping system is configured to receive a purge gas and combine the exhaust gases with the purge gas; andthe system further comprises a vacuum pressure swing adsorption module configured to separate the purge gas from the combined exhaust gas.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the purge gas is nitrogen.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the vacuum pressure swing adsorption module is configured to provide the separated purge gas to the pumping system.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the noble gas recovery system comprises a gas chromatography separation module configured to separate one or more noble gases from the other components of the combined exhaust gas using a gas chromatography process.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein:the gas chromatography separation module is configured to receive a carrier gas for use in transfer of the combined exhaust gas through the gas chromatography separation module; andthe noble gas recovery system further comprises a separation module to separate the one or more noble gases from the carrier gas.7. The system of claim 5 , wherein:the gas chromatography separation module is configured to receive a carrier gas for use in transfer of the combined exhaust gas through the gas chromatography separation module; andthe noble gas recovery ...

Renewable transportation fuel process with thermal oxidation sysem

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

FUNGI-BACTERIA COMPOSITE MICROECOLOGICS AND METHODS FOR PREPARING AND USING THE SAME

A method for preparing a fungi-bacteria composite microecologics, including: cultivating and conducting high-density fermentations of sp. HJ1 which has been deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with an accession number: CCTCC NO. M2012235, sp. FLX-1 which has been deposited in CCTCC with an accession number: CCTCC NO. M2011242, and sp. LLC which has been deposited in CCTCC with an accession number CCTCC NO. M2014531 to obtain mixed strains; cultivating, fermenting, and vacuum drying the mixed strains to yield a resulting product which is ground into a powder; cultivating and conducting high-density fermentation of sp. HD-2 which has been deposited in CCTCC with an accession number: CCTCC NO. M2014175 and sp. LW-1 which has been deposited in CCTCC with an accession number: CCTCC NO. M2014176 to yield spores; and mixing the powder and the spores. 1. A method for preparing a fungi-bacteria composite microecologics , the method comprising:{'i': Zoogloea', 'Zoogloea', 'Pandoraea', 'Pandoraea', 'Zoogloea', 'Pandoraea, '1) inoculating a first liquid culture medium using a seed culture tube slant of sp. HJ1 to form activated sp. HJ1 and inoculating a second liquid culture medium using a seed culture tube slant of sp. FLX-1 to form activated sp. FLX-1; and conducting high-density fermentation of the activated sp. HJ1 and the activated sp. FLX-1 respectively in a first fermenter and a second fermenter;'}{'i': Ophiostoma', 'Ophiostoma', 'Ophiostoma, '2) inoculating a potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium using a seed culture plate of sp. LLC to form activated sp. LLC, and conducting high-density fermentation of the activated sp. LLC in a third fermenter;'}3) mixing strains obtained from the high-density fermentations of 1) and 2) to form mixed strains, sterilizing a solid-state fermentation (SSF) culture medium, inoculating the SSF culture medium with the mixed strains for solid-state fermentation to form a fermented product, controlling a ...

ABATEMENT DEVICE

Provided is an abatement device that reduces an amount of drainage of circulating water. The abatement device lowers an average drainage flow of circulating water to a low flow, when a ratio of a concentration of silicon dioxide within the circulating water and a concentration of hydrogen fluoride within the circulating water is greater than or equal to a predetermined value at which hydrofluorosilicic acid can be produced, and raises the average drainage flow of the circulating water to a high flow higher than the low flow, when the ratio of the concentration of silicon dioxide within the circulating water and the concentration of hydrogen fluoride within the circulating water is less than the predetermined value. 1. An abatement device that processes exhaust gas containing silicon and exhaust gas containing fluorine , the abatement device comprising:a drain tank for holding circulating water that dissolves silicon dioxide produced from the exhaust gas containing the silicon and hydrogen fluoride produced from the exhaust gas containing the fluorine;a circulation path communicating with the drain tank;a drain valve provided to the circulation path to drain a part of the circulating water outside;a makeup water supply means for supplying makeup water to the circulation path; anda control means for controlling the drain valve and the makeup water supply means to control an average drainage flow of the circulating water within the circulation path, whereinthe control means lowers the average drainage flow of the circulating water to a low flow, when a ratio of a concentration of the silicon dioxide within the circulating water and a concentration of the hydrogen fluoride within the circulating water is greater than or equal to a predetermined value at which hydrofluorosilicic acid can be produced, and raises the average drainage flow of the circulating water to a high flow higher than the low flow, when the ratio of the concentration of the silicon dioxide within the ...

Reducing Hydrochloric Acid in Cement Kilns

The description relates to reducing hydrochloric acid in cement kilns. In one aspect, an aqueous copper-based chloride remediator is introduced into contact with combustion gases from a cement kiln. Injection is made into a defined introduction zone under conditions effective for HCl emissions control wherein the temperature is within the range of from 300° F. to 800° F., preferably from 550° F. to 750° F. The resulting d gases are discharged from the defined zone following sufficient reaction time to reduce the HCl concentration in the gases. 1. A process for decreasing hydrochloric acid in combustion gases from cement kilns comprising:a. introducing an aqueous copper-based chloride remediator into contact with combustion gases from a cement kiln within a defined introduction zone under conditions effective for HCl emissions control wherein the temperature is within the range of from 300° F. to 800° F.; andb. discharging the gases from the defined zone following sufficient reaction time to reduce the HCl concentration in the gases.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature within the defined introduction zone is within the range of from 550° F. to 750° F.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the copper-based chloride remediator comprises a copper composition selected from the group consisting of the copper diammonium diacetate claim 1 , from the group consisting of the copper diammonium diacetate claim 1 , copper ammonium triacetate claim 1 , copper triammonium acetate claim 1 , copper acetate and hydrates claim 1 , copper acetylacetonate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper citrate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper formate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper nitrate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper 2 claim 1 ,4-pentandionate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper sulfate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper gluconate and hydrates thereof claim 1 , copper soaps of fatty acids claim 1 , and mixtures of any of these.4. A process ...

Composition for the Purification of Flue Gas

The invention relates to a composition for the purification of flue gas containing 35 to 99 wt. % of a powder of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid and 1 to 65 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material, wherein the powder of an absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g. The invention also relates to a process for dry flue gas purification and the use of an absorptive material to improve the flowability and/or storability and/or HF absorptivity of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid. 120.-. (canceled)21. A composition for the purification of flue gas , said composition containing , in each case based on the total weight of the composition:a. 35 to 50 wt. % of a powder of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid; andb. 50 to 65 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material;wherein said powder of said absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm3/g, and wherein said absorptive material is an absorbent for sulfur oxides and/or an absorbent for hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride, and wherein said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, and mixtures thereof.22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said powder of said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 50 μm; and/or wherein said powder of said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 180 μm.23. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid is sodium hydrogen carbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate.24. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said absorptive material is selected from the group consisting of limestone claim 21 , quicklime claim 21 , hydrated lime claim 21 , dolomite claim 21 , dolomitic quicklime claim 21 , dolomitic hydrated lime ...

GAS TREATMENT METHOD AND GAS TREATMENT APPARATUS

A gas treatment method includes an absorption step in which a gas to be treated containing an acidic compound, such as carbon dioxide, is brought into contact, in an absorber, with a treatment liquid that absorbs the acidic compound; and a regeneration step in which the treatment liquid, having the acidic compound absorbed therein, is sent to a regenerator, and the treatment liquid is then heated to separate the acidic compound from the treatment liquid. In the regeneration step, a gas almost insoluble to the treatment liquid, such as hydrogen gas, is brought into contact with the treatment liquid. 1. A gas treatment method , the method comprising:bringing a gas comprising an acidic compound into contact, with a first treatment liquid in an absorber, thereby forming a second treatment liquid having an acidic compound absorbed therein; andregenerating the acid compound by sending the second treatment liquid to a regenerator, and heating the second treatment liquid to separate the acidic compound from the second treatment liquid,wherein the regenerating comprises feeding a gas almost insoluble to the second treatment liquid to the regenerator, and bringing the gas almost insoluble to the second treatment liquid into contact with the second treatment liquid.2. The gas treatment method according to claim 1 , further comprising:for transferring reaction heat, generated in the absorber, to the regenerator with heat transfer means.3. The gas treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the absorber and the regenerator exchange heat directly.4. The gas treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein a difference of a temperature of the absorber from a temperature of the regenerator falls in a range from −20° C. to 30° C.5. The gas treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the regenerating comprises feeding 0.05 liters or more of the gas claim 1 , per 1 g of the second treatment liquid to the regenerator.6. The gas treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD OF CAPTURING SINTERED PRODUCT AFTER SINTERING WASTE GAS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The invention relates to a method of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process and its capturing device. The method comprises providing aerosolised water molecules to be entered into a reaction chamber of a waste gas treatment tank; and capturing a product generated after a sintering reaction of the waste gas by diffusion distributing of the aerosolised water molecules, wherein, the aerosolised water molecules are diffusion distributed between a bottom edge of a waste gas reaction end in the reaction chamber and a tank wall surrounding the reaction chamber. The present invention further provides a device for capturing a sintered product for implementing the method. The object of the present invention is to solve problems saying that a semiconductor exhaust gas is processed by a high temperature sintering treatment, the generated SiOpowders, the WOpowders or the BOpowders are extremely fine, the Fgas is small molecules, and it is not easy to capture them during a rear stage water washing program. 2. The method of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the waste gas is carried out the sintering reaction by contacting with a flame claim 1 , and the waste gas reaction end is a flame vent.3. The method of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the waste gas is carried out the sintering reaction by contacting with a hot rod claim 1 , and the waste gas reaction end is a circumference of the hot rod.4. The method of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a water wall is formed around a tank wall of the reaction chamber claim 1 , and the aerosolised water molecules are diffusion distributed between a bottom edge of a waste gas reaction end and the ...

Adsorbents for removing contaminants from gas flows containing water

The invention relates to adsorbents for removing impurities from water-comprising gas streams, in particular for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents comprise oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of these elements, have a copper oxide content of at least 30% by weight and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml·g −1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

GAS LASER APPARATUS

A gas laser apparatus may include: a laser chamber connected through a first control valve to a first laser gas supply source that supplies a first laser gas containing a halogen gas and connected through a second control valve to a second laser gas supply source that supplies a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas; a purification column that removes at least a part of the halogen gas and a halogen compound from at least a part of a gas exhausted from the laser chamber; a booster pump, connected through a third control valve to the laser chamber, which raises a pressure of a gas having passed through the purification column to a gas pressure that is higher than an operating gas pressure of the laser chamber; and a controller that calculates, on a basis of a first amount of a gas supplied from the booster pump through the third control valve to the laser chamber, a second amount of the first laser gas that is to be supplied to the laser chamber and controls the first control valve on a basis of a result of the calculation of the second amount. 1. A gas laser apparatus comprising:a laser chamber connected through a first control valve to a first laser gas supply source that supplies a first laser gas containing a halogen gas and connected through a second control valve to a second laser gas supply source that supplies a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas;a purification column that removes at least a part of the halogen gas and a halogen compound from at least a part of a gas exhausted from the laser chamber;a booster pump, connected through a third control valve to the laser chamber, which raises a pressure of a gas having passed through the purification column to a gas pressure that is higher than an operating gas pressure of the laser chamber; anda controller that calculates, on a basis of a first amount of a gas supplied from the booster pump through the third control ...

Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery

The present disclose is directed to a method for controlling iodine levels in wet scrubbers, and, in particular, recirculating wet scrubbers by removing the iodine from the scrubbing solution, such as by using ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and an aqueous two-phase extraction.

Composition for the Purification of Flue Gas

The invention relates to a composition for the purification of flue gas containing 1 to 99 wt. % of a powder of a sodium salt of carbonic acid and 1 to 99 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material, wherein the powder of an absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g. The invention also relates to a process for dry flue gas purification and the use of an absorptive material to improve the flowability and/or storability and/or HF absorptivity of a sodium salt of carbonic acid. 120.-. (canceled)21. A composition for the purification of flue gas , said composition containing , in each case based on the total weight of the composition:a. 13 to 30 wt. % of a powder of a sodium salt of carbonic acid; andb. 70 to 87 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material,{'sup': '3', 'sub': '50', 'wherein said powder of said absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g and wherein said absorptive material is an absorbent for sulfur oxides and/or an absorptive material for hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride, and wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 50 μm.'}22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said composition contains 13 to 20 wt. % of said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid claim 21 , based on the total weight of the composition claim 21 , and/or wherein said composition contains 80 to 87 wt. % of said powder of said absorptive material claim 21 , based on the total weight of the composition.23. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 45 μm claim 21 , and/or wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 180 μm.24. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said sodium salt of carbonic acid is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate claim 21 , sodium ...

NAPHTHA COMPLEX WITH THERMAL OXIDATION SYSTEM

A process for treating effluent streams in a naphtha complex is described. One or more of the sour water stripping unit for the NHT sour water from the NHT, the amine treatment unit and the caustic treatment unit for the NHT stripper off-gas, the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the off-gas from the C-Cisomerization zone and the Cisomerization zone, and the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the regenerator off-gas are replaced with a thermal oxidation system. 1. A process for treating off-gas and water effluent streams in a naphtha complex comprising:{'sub': 5', '6', '5', '6', '4', '4, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 5', '6', '4', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'thermally oxidizing the at least one of the NHT stripper off-gas stream, the C-Cisomerization stabilizer off-gas stream, the regenerator off-gas stream, the Cisomerization stabilizer off-gas stream, and the NHT sour water stream in a thermal oxidizing section forming flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, SOx, NOx, HCl, Cl, dioxins, and furans;'}, 'optionally recovering waste heat from the flue gas in a waste heat recovery section;', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'claim-text': quenching the flue gas in a quench section to form quenched flue gas after recovering the waste heat; and', {'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '4', '4, 'contacting a caustic solution or an NHbased solution with the quenched flue gas in scrubbing section to form the de-SOx outlet flue gas and a liquid stream comprising at least one of HO, NaSO, NaSO, NaHSO, NaCO, NaCl, (NH)SO, and NHCl;'}, 'or', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '3', '2', '4', '3', '3', '2', '2', '3', '4', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'reacting the flue gas with a reactant in an SOx reaction section to form a reaction section flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, NaCl, NaCO, NaSO, NaNO, CaCl, CaSO, CaCO, Ca( ...

PROPANE/BUTANE DEHYDROGENATION COMPLEX WITH THERMAL OXIDATION SYSTEM

A process for the treatment of sulfidic spent caustic, conditioned catalyst regeneration vent gas, C4 isomerization off gas, various and hydrocarbon containing liquid and gaseous streams in addition to toxic containing streams like cyanidic off gas and waste water in a propane/butane dehydrogenation complex is described. Various effluent streams are combined in appropriate collection vessels, including an off-gas knockout drum, a hydrocarbon buffer vessel, a spent caustic buffer vessel, an optional a waste water buffer vessel, and a fuel gas knockout drum. Streams from these vessels are sent to a thermal oxidation system. 1. An integrated propane or butane dehydrogenation and thermal oxidation and flue gas treatment process , the process comprising:dehydrogenating an alkane feed stream comprising propane, butane, or mixtures thereof in a dehydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to form a dehydrogenated product stream comprising propylene, iso-butylene, or mixtures thereof;recovering the dehydrogenated product stream; introducing a sulfidic spent caustic stream from a regenerant gas scrubbing zone into a spent caustic buffer vessel;', 'introducing at least one of a spent solvent stream from a solvent recovery section, and a purge stream from a solvent recovery section into a hydrocarbon buffer vessel; and, 'at least one ofthermally oxidizing at least one of a spent caustic stream from the spent caustic buffer vessel, a liquid hydrocarbon stream from the hydrocarbon buffer vessel, an off-gas stream from an off-gas knockout drum, and a fuel gas stream from a fuel gas knockout drum in a thermal oxidation system.2. The process of wherein thermally oxidizing the at least one of the spent caustic stream claim 1 , the liquid hydrocarbon stream claim 1 , the off-gas stream claim 1 , and the fuel gas stream comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'b': '0', 'thermally oxidizing ...

BACILLUS BOMBYSEPTICUS SF3 DECOMPOSING FLUORINE-CONTAINING COMPOUND, RECOMBINANT MICROORGANISM INCLUDING GENE DERIVED FROM BACILLUS BOMBYSEPTICUS AND METHOD OF REDUCING CONCENTRATION OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING COMPOUND IN SAMPLE BY USING BACILLUS BOMBYSEPTICUS

Provided are a microorganism having activity in reducing a concentration of a fluorine-containing compound in a sample, a recombinant microorganism including a gene derived from the microorganism, and a method of reducing the concentration of the fluorine-containing compound in the sample by using the microorganism or recombinant microorganism. 1Bacillus bombysepticus. A microorganism deposited with the Korean Collection for Type Culture (KCTC) under accession no. 13220BP and referred to as SF3 , which microorganism when contacted with a sample containing a fluorine-containing compound of Formula 1 or 2 reduces the concentration of the fluorine containing compound in the sample:{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'C(R)(R)(R)(R)\u2003\u2003'}{'br': None, 'sub': 5', '6', '7', '11', '12', '8', '9', '10, 'i': 'n', '(R)(R)(R)C—[C(R)(R)]-C(R)(R)(R)\u2003\u2003'}wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2,n is an integer from 0 to 10,{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '4, 'R, R, R, and Rare each independently fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), or hydrogen (H), wherein at least one selected from R, R, R, and Ris F, and'}{'sub': 5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12, 'R, R, R, R, R, R, R, and Rare each independently F, Cl, Br, I, or H, wherein at least one selected from R, R, R, R, R, R, R, and Ris F, and'}{'sub': 11', '12, 'wherein, when n is equal or larger than 2, each Ris identical to or different from each other, and each Ris identical or different from each other.'}2. A recombinant microorganism comprising a genetic modification that increases the level of a polypeptide or a combination thereof , the polypeptide having a sequence identity of about 90% or more with respect to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , 2 , or 3.3. The recombinant microorganism of claim 2 , wherein the genetic modification is an increase in copy number of a gene encoding the polypeptide.4. The recombinant ...

Process and plant for producing cement clinker and for purifying the offgases formed

The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing cement clinker and for purifying the off-gases formed thereby, wherein cement raw meal is preheated in a preheater by means of hot off-gases and then optionally precalcined, the preheated and optionally precalcined cement raw meal is burnt in a rotary kiln to form cement clinker, the cement clinker is cooled in a cooler, the hot off-gases used in the preheater are used in a raw mill for treating the cement raw meal, the dust content of a dust-containing mill off-gas thereby formed is reduced in a separating device to less than 5 g/Nm 3 , preferably less than 1 g/Nm 3 , alkali hydrogen carbonate and/or alkali carbonate is added to and mixed with the mill off-gas whose dust content has been reduced to less than 5 g/Nm 3 , and the mixed gas thereby formed is subsequently fed to a process filter for separation of dust laden with pollutants.

RECOVERY OF Xe AND OTHER HIGH VALUE COMPOUNDS

A system and method for recovering high value gas from a process stream, material or environment containing same, e.g., xenon by contacting gas from the process stream, material or environment with a carbon adsorbent effective to sorptively capture same, free of or with reduced concentration of fluid species present with the high value gas in the high value gas-containing gas in the process stream, material or environment. Other aspects of the disclosure include a radon detection method and product.

ACID GAS REGENERABLE BATTERY

A method of generating electricity from an amine-based acid gas capture process using an electrolytic cell containing an anode and a cathode and an amine based electrolyte comprising: contacting a metal based redox material with an amine based electrolyte in the presence of an anode to form a metal-ammine complex in solution; adding an absorbed or absorbable acid gas to the metal-ammine complex containing electrolyte to form an acid gas absorbed electrolyte; and contacting the acid gas absorbed electrolyte with a cathode deposit, wherein the acid gas breaks up the metal-ammine complex in the metal-ammine complex containing electrolyte thereby generating a potential difference between the anode and the cathode. 1. A method of generating electricity from an amine-based acid gas capture process using an electrolytic cell containing an anode and a cathode and an amine based electrolyte comprising:contacting a metal based redox material with an amine based electrolyte in the presence of an anode to form a metal-ammine complex in solution;adding an absorbed or absorbable acid gas to the metal-ammine complex containing electrolyte to form an acid gas absorbed electrolyte; andcontacting the acid gas absorbed electrolyte with a cathode deposit,wherein the acid gas breaks up the metal-ammine complex in the metal-ammine complex containing electrolyte thereby generating a potential difference between the anode and the cathode.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid gas comprises at least one of CO claim 1 , NO claim 1 , SO claim 1 , HS claim 1 , HCl claim 1 , HF claim 1 , or HCN or a combination thereof.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid gas comprises a flue gas.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid gas includes COas a major component.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal based redox material comprises at least one of Cu claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , ...

Sodium bicarbonate product with excellent flowability and its method of manufacture

A particulate sodium bicarbonate product with an excellent flowability characterized by an angle of repose less than 30 degrees. An angle of repose of less than 27.5 is particularly good. The product is preferably in the form of ovoid or spherical particles, in that the particles have a mean axial ratio of at least 0.5. In some embodiments, the sodium bicarbonate product has a smooth particle surface in which less than 75% of the particle surface is covered with spikes. The particles may have a mean diameter D 50 of at least 75 microns but less than 300 microns. The particulate sodium bicarbonate product comprises inorganic and organic impurities embedded in its polycrystalline structure, for example at least 75 ppm TOC; or at least 30 ppm Ca; or from 1 to 18 ppm Mg; or more than 0.6 g/kg NaCl; and/or from 100 to less than 500 ppm Si. A process for manufacturing such product, and its use for the treatment of pollutants in gases such as removal of acid gas.

GRANULAR MATERIAL FOR ABSORPTION OF HARMFUL GASES AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF

A granular sorption material including a plurality of porous granules formed by buildup agglomeration for separation, especially absorption, of harmful gases, especially of SOand/or HCl, from offgases of thermal processes. The granules containing greater than 80% by weight, and preferably greater than 95% by weight, of Ca(OH)and/or CaCObased on the dry mass. The granules having a dry apparent density ρ, determined by means of an apparent density pycnometer, of 0.5 to 1.2 kg/dm, preferably 0.7 to 1.1 kg/dm, and/or a porosity of 45% to 73% by volume, preferably 55% to 65% by volume, and have especially been increased in porosity. A process for producing the granular sorption material, in which pores are introduced into the granules by means of a porosity agent during the production. 1. A granular sorption material comprising a plurality of buildup-agglomerated , porous granules for separation of harmful gases from offgases of thermal processes , the granules containing greater than 80% by weight of Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 based on the dry mass , the granules having a dry apparent density ρ , determined by means of an apparent density pycnometer , of 0.5 to 1.2 kg/dm3 and have been increased in porosity.2. A granular sorption material comprising a plurality of buildup-agglomerated , porous granules for separation of harmful gases from offgases of thermal processes , the granules containing greater than 80% by weight of Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 based on the dry mass , the granules having a porosity , determined from a dry apparent density ρ , determined by means of an apparent density pycnometer , and a specific density ρ0 , determined with a helium pycnometer , of 45 to 73 vol. %.3. The granular sorption material claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the granules have an open pore system with pores created by means of a porosity agent during the production of the granular sorption material.4. The granular sorption material according to claim 3 , wherein the open pore ...

METHODS FOR TREATING A FLUE GAS STREAM USING A WET SCRUBBER UNIT

Sorbent compositions, comprising a solid sorbent, a dispersive agent, and optionally a capture agent for enhanced wet-Flue Gas Desulfurization (wFGD) or wet scrubber unit function in a flue gas pollutant control stream is disclosed. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with a dispersive agent, designed to enhance the dispersion of the sorbent in an aqueous sorption liquid of a wet scrubber unit, and therefore may be especially useful in EGU or industrial boiler flue gas streams that include one or more wet scrubber units. The sorbent composition may also include a capture agent useful in sequestering mercury and bromine, as well as other contaminants that may include arsenic, selenium and nitrates. 1. A method for removing contaminants from a flue gas stream , the method comprising the steps of:burning a combustible material, the burning creating a flue gas stream containing contaminants;contacting the flue gas stream with an aqueous sorption liquid contained in the wet scrubber unit; andcontacting a sorbent composition with the flue gas stream to sequester the contaminants from the flue gas stream,wherein the sorbent composition comprises a solid sorbent and a dispersive agent.2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the dispersive agent is selected from the group consisting of dispersants claim 1 , deflocculants claim 1 , surfactants claim 1 , coupling agents and mixtures thereof.3. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the dispersive agent comprises a dispersant.4. The method recited in claim 3 , wherein dispersive agent comprises a polymeric dispersant.5. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein dispersive agent comprises a deflocculant.6. The method recited in claim 5 , wherein the deflocculant comprises a phosphate salt.7. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the phosphate salt comprises tri-sodium phosphate.8. The method recited in claim 7 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises at least about 0.05 wt. % of the tri-sodium phosphate.9. The ...

FILTRATION MATERIAL FOR FILTERED VENTING, AND FILTERED VENTING DEVICE

Provided are a filtration material for filtered venting and a filtered venting device that are more effective in adsorbing radioactive iodine than in the conventional art and are useful for addressing severe accidents. The filtration material for filtered venting comprises granulated zeolite L, wherein at least a portion of the ion exchange sites of the zeolite L are substituted with silver. Of the ion exchange sites, a constitution ratio (a/b) of ion exchange sites (a) substituted with silver to ion exchange sites (b) not substituted with silver is 25/75-55/45. The zeolite L has a silver content of 7-12 wt % on a dry weight basis. 1. A filtration material for filtered venting comprising granulated zeolite L , whereinat least a portion of ion exchange sites of the zeolite L are substituted with silver.2. The filtration material for filtered venting of claim 1 , whereinof the ion exchange sites, a constitution ratio (a/b) of ion exchange sites (a) substituted with silver to ion exchange sites (b) not substituted with silver is 25/75-55/45.3. The filtration material for filtered venting of claim 1 , whereinthe zeolite L has a silver content of 7-12 wt % on a dry weight basis.4. The filtration material for filtered venting of claim 1 , whereinthe filtration material for filtered venting has a thickness of two inches or more.5. The filtration material for filtered venting of claim 1 , whereinthe filtration material for filtered venting is used at a temperature of 99° C. or more.6. A filtered venting device for continuously treating radioactive iodine claim 1 , wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a silver-containing filtration material containing zeolite X, substantially all ion exchange sites of the zeolite X being substituted with silver, is provided upstream of the filtration material for filtered venting of .'} The present invention relates to a granulated filtration material (filler) for filtered venting which contains zeolite L, and a filtered ...

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING HALIDE SPECIES IN PROCESS STREAMS

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate. 1. A medium for treating chloride species in a process stream , the medium comprising a reactant and a solid , porous substrate retainer , wherein the medium is configured to react with a chloride species in the process stream to produce an essentially chloride-free process stream and attract and retain the neutralized chloride salts on the substrate retainer , and wherein the reactant comprises tribasic potassium phosphate and a titanium dioxide carrier.2. The medium of claim 1 , wherein the solid claim 1 , porous substrate retainer comprises a reticulated ceramic material having a surface area of up to 300 square meters per gram. This application is a divisional application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/258,286, file Jan. 25, 2019, which is a continuation application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/485,943, filed Apr. 12, 2017, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,902, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/377,294, filed Aug. 19, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/378,059, filed Aug. 22, 2016, the disclosures and contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The presently disclosed subject matter relates to mitigating the effects of undesired halide species in process streams within industrial ...

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING HALIDE SPECIES IN PROCESS STREAMS

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate. 1contacting the process stream with a medium comprising a reactant and a solid porous substrate retainer,wherein the process stream comprises a hydrocarbon fluid and chloride species,and wherein the reactant comprises tribasic potassium phosphate and a titanium dioxide carrier;reacting the halide species in the process stream with the medium to produce a halide-free process stream and neutralized chloride salts; andattracting and retaining the neutralized chloride salts on the substrate retainer.. A method of treating chloride species in a process stream, the method comprising: This application is a continuation application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/258,286, filed Jan. 25, 2019, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/485,943, filed Apr. 12, 2017, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,902, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/377,294, filed Aug. 19, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/378,059, filed Aug. 22, 2016, the disclosures and contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The presently disclosed subject matter relates to mitigating the effects of undesired halide species in process streams within industrial process facilities.Undesired halide species can be found in industrial process streams and ...

System and method for integrated removal of multiple pollutants in flue gas with near-zero emission

A system for integrated removal of multiple pollutants includes an economizer, an air preheater, an electrostatic precipitator, a flue gas cooler and a low-temperature adsorber; the economizer has a shell side inlet for feeding boiler flue gas, a tube side inlet for feeding boiler feedwater, and a shell side outlet connected to a tube side inlet of the air preheater; the air preheater has a shell side inlet for introducing boiler intake air, and a tube side outlet connected to the electrostatic precipitator; the electrostatic precipitator has a dust discharge port at a bottom thereof and a flue gas outlet connected to the flue gas cooler; the flue gas cooler has a condensate outlet at a bottom thereof and a cold flue gas outlet at a top thereof and connected to the low-temperature adsorber; and the low-temperature adsorber has a purified flue gas outlet at a tail thereof.

Adsorption of fluorinated anesthetics within the pores of molecular crystals

A method of delivering or sequestering anesthetic agents by adsorption of such agents by porous partially fluorinated compounds which display high weight adsorption capacities.

AIR FILTER MEDIUM

An air filter medium reduces a decrease in collection efficiency in the case where a main collection layer and a pre-collection layer having a lower collection efficiency than the main collection layer are used. An air filter medium that collects dust in gas includes a main collection layer and a pre-collection layer that has a lower collection efficiency of NaCl particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm than the main collection layer, is disposed on an upstream side of an air flow with respect to the main collection layer, and has water repellency. 1. An air filter medium that collects dust in gas , comprising:a main collection layer; anda pre-collection layer that has, when air containing NaCl particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm is passed at a flow velocity of 5.3 cm/s, a lower collection efficiency of the particles than the main collection layer, that is disposed on an upstream side of an air flow with respect to the main collection layer, and that has water repellency.2. The air filter medium according to claim 1 , whereinthe pre-collection layer has a contact angle of 90° or more, the contact angle being measured 30 seconds after a 25 vol % aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution is dropped onto the pre-collection layer.3. The air filter medium according to claim 1 , whereinthe pre-collection layer has a fluorine content of 1000 ppm or more.4. The air filter medium according to claim 1 , whereinwhen air containing NaCl particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm is passed through the pre-collection layer at a flow velocity of 5.3 cm/s, the pre-collection layer has a collection efficiency of the particles of 25% or more and 80% or less, andwhen air containing NaCl particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm is passed through the main collection layer at a flow velocity of 5.3 cm/s, the main collection layer has a collection efficiency of the particles of 75% or more and 99.9999% or less.5. The air filter medium according to claim 1 , whereinwhen air containing ...

Agent for removing halogen gas, method for producing same, method for monitoring the consumption state of the removal agent

A halogen gas removing agent for removing halogen gas from a gas flow, which reduces the risk of leakage of the halogen gas exhausted from a semiconductor production process by treating the gas flow with the removing agent and a process for producing the removing agent. Also provided are an apparatus for removing the halogen gas using the removing agent, and a method for monitoring the state of consumption of the halogen gas. The halogen gas removing agent includes an inorganic compound base material, a sulfur-containing reducing compound and a color indicator, preferably using a pseudoboehmite as the base material, adding a pH indicator having a transition range in a pH range of 3 to 8 as the color indicator, and adding a basic metal compound such as zinc oxide.

METHOD FOR PREPARING CHLORINE ADSORPTION MATERIAL FOR USE IN WASTE INCINERATION AND APPLICATION OF CHLORINE ADSORPTION MATERIAL

The invention discloses a method for preparing a chlorine adsorption material for use in waste incineration and application of the chlorine adsorption material. The chlorine adsorption material adsorptive for chlorine-based substances during the waste incineration is prepared by mixing raw materials which include natural iron ores and quartz stones, and modifying the iron ores and the quartz stones with CaO through an ultrasonic impregnation method. The prepared chlorine adsorption material has a large pore size, a high porosity and a stable structure, and shows higher adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity for the chlorine-based substances during the waste incineration. The use of the low-cost natural iron ores and quartz stones can reduce the cost in processing the chlorine-based substances, make great use of resources and facilitate environment protection. 1. A method for preparing a chlorine adsorption material for use in waste incineration , wherein the chlorine adsorption material adsorptive for chlorine-based substances is prepared by mixing natural iron ores and quartz stones , and then adding CaO to a mixed system to modify the natural iron ores and the quartz stones through ultrasonic impregnation; and the method specifically comprises the following Steps:(1) preparing iron ore powder, to be specific: putting the natural iron ores into a grinder and grinding the natural iron ores, and then sieving the ground natural iron ores to obtain the iron ore powder with a particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm;{'sub': 2', '2, '(2) preparing SiO, to be specific: placing the quartz stones in a tablet press to press the quartz stones into powder, then drying and dehydrating the resulting powder, and then sieving the dried powder through a 60-100-mesh sieve to obtain SiOpowder;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3, 'sup': '−1', '(3) preparing a SiO—FeOcarrier, to be specific: with a chemical vapor deposition method, placing the SiOpowder ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EXHAUST GAS ABATEMENT UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE

The present invention provides an energy-efficient method and apparatus that can achieve exhaust gas abatement with a minimum use of diluent nitrogen gas. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure, in which an exhaust gas supplied from an exhaust gas source through a vacuum pump is decomposed by combustion heat of a flame under a reduced pressure. 1. A method for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure , comprisingdecomposing an exhaust gas that is supplied from an exhaust gas source through a vacuum pump by combustion heat of a flame under a reduced pressure.2. The method for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure according to claim 1 , wherein the reduced pressure is in a range of 1 Torr or more and 400 Torr or less.3. An apparatus for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure claim 1 , comprising:a reaction chamber in which an exhaust gas supplied from an exhaust gas source through a vacuum pump is decomposed by combustion heat of a flame;a combustion chamber that is maintained at approximately atmospheric pressure and from which the flame is emitted into the reaction chamber; anda downstream vacuum pump that reduces a pressure in a region located downstream of an outlet of the vacuum pump and including the reaction chamber.4. The apparatus for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure according to claim 3 , further comprising a decomposition/reaction agent supply unit that supplies at least one selected from the group consisting of water claim 3 , air claim 3 , O claim 3 , H claim 3 , and hydrocarbon gases claim 3 , as a decomposition/reaction agent claim 3 , to the reaction chamber.5. The apparatus for exhaust gas abatement under reduced pressure according to claim 3 , further comprising a flame stabilizing nozzle that is provided at a flame outlet of the combustion chamber to stabilize the flame. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas abatement ...

Processing apparatus equipped with catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, and method for manufacturing same

A processing apparatus equipped with a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, which is characterized in that corrugated plate-like glass fiber papers having a functional catalyst supported thereon and flat plate-like glass fiber papers having the same functional catalyst supported thereon are alternately laminated without being bonded to each other, to form a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, and this catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure is packed in a casing.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE CAPTURE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM THE GASES OF ELECTROLYSIS TANKS BY A SET OF FILTERING MODULES

Disclosed is a method and a device for capturing the SOpresent in gases by igneous electrolysis implemented on a group of at least two filtering modules traversed in parallel by the gas flow to be purified, and supplied with a powder material sorbent capable of adsorbing effluents in the gas flow by bringing the sorbent into contact with the gas flow, each filtering module having a unit for collecting the sorbent after it has been brought into contact with the gas flow, in the filtering module, and a unit for discharging the sorbent collected being contact with the gas flow to a unit for injecting same into at least one other of the filtering modules of the at least one series, except for the last filtering module of each series, and, on exiting the last filtering module or modules, the gas flow is sent to a desulfurization unit. 19-. (canceled)10. A process for capturing the SOpresent in gases to be purified , which originate from cells for an industrial production of aluminium by fused-salt electrolysis , implemented over a group of at least two filtering modules passed through in parallel by a stream of said gases to be purified , said filtering modules being fed from a storage means , at least partially in at least one series , with a sorption agent of a pulverulent material type , capable of adsorbing effluents present in said gas stream by bringing said sorption agent into contact with said gas stream , each filtering module of said group having means for collecting said sorption agent after bringing said sorption agent into contact with said gas stream in said filtering module , and having means for discharging said sorption agent collected after said bringing into contact with said gas stream towards means for injection into at least one other of said filtering modules of said at least one series , except for a final filtering module of each series , in an order of feeding of said filtering modules with sorption agent from said storage means , wherein a gas ...

Process Scheme To Improve Divalent Metal Salts Removal From Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)

A MEG reclamation process includes the step of increasing above 2,000 ppm the divalent metal salts concentration of a rich (wet) MEG feed stream flowing into a precipitator. The increasing step includes routing a salts-saturated MEG slipstream from the flash separator it to the precipitator. The slipstream may be mixed with a fresh water feed stream, a portion of the rich MEG feed stream, or some combination of the two. The rich MEG feed stream also may be split into two streams, with a portion of the stream being heated and routed to the flash separator and the other portion being combined as above with the removed slipstream. The process can be performed on the slipstream after dilution and prior to entering the precipitator or after being loaded into the precipitator. Removal of the insoluble salts may be done in either a batch or continuous mode.

Organic-Halogen-Compound-Absorbing Agent, Method for Removing Organic Halogen Compound from Hydrocarbon Gas in which said Agent is used, Device for Absorbing Halogen Compound in which said Method is used, and method for Producing Hydrocarbon Gas

A process for treating a petroleum fraction and for efficiently absorbing an organic halogen compound from a fluid mixture of the organic halogen compound and an inorganic halogen compound derived from crude oil. Also disclosed is an improvement in absorption performance of a halogen-compound-absorbing material, thereby reducing the frequency with which the absorbing material is exchanged. The absorbing agent includes attapulgite (palygorskite) having high absorption performance with respect to organic halogen compounds. Also disclosed is an absorption column in which the aforementioned absorbing agent and a halogen-compound-absorbing agent, that includes zinc oxide, are disposed in series, thereby making it possible to raise the treatment performance with respect to a fluid that contains, in high concentrations, the organic halogen compound in addition to the inorganic halogen compound. 1. An organohalogen compound absorbent comprising attapulgite.2. The absorbent of claim 1 , wherein the content of attapulgite is at least 40% by weight claim 1 , based on the total weight of the absorbent.3. The absorbent of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is in the form of a molded body.4. The absorbent of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is for removing an organohalogen compound contained in a hydrocarbon gas.5. The absorbent of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is for removing an organohalogen compound from a hydrocarbon gas previously treated with an inorganic halogen compound absorber comprising a zinc oxide and a calcium oxide.6. The absorbent of claim 1 , wherein the organohalogen compound comprises a chlorohydrocarbon.7. A method of removing an organohalogen compound from a hydrocarbon gas claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'contacting the hydrocarbon gas with the absorbent of .'}8. A method of removing an organohalogen compound and an inorganic halogen compound from a hydrocarbon gas claim 1 , wherein the method comprises: ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF MERCURY AND/OR HYDROCHLORIC ACID FROM GAS STREAMS USING CALCIUM-CONTAINING PARTICLES

Several embodiments of the present technology are directed to the removal of one or more air pollutants using cooling and/or calcium-containing particles. In some embodiments, a method for removing air pollutants comprises flowing a gas stream having calcium-containing particles and one or more of mercury or hydrochloric acid molecules, and cooling the gas stream, thereby causing at least a portion of the calcium-containing particles to adsorb to the mercury and/or hydrochloric acid molecules in the gas stream. The method can further comprise, after cooling the gas stream, filtering the gas stream to remove at least a portion of the calcium-containing particles having adsorbed mercury and hydrochloric acid. 1. A method for removing one or more air pollutants from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a gas stream at a first temperature toward an exhaust stack, wherein the gas stream includes calcium-containing particles and at least one of mercury (Hg) or hydrochloric acid (HCl);cooling the gas stream to a second temperature, wherein the calcium-containing particles at the second temperature have a higher adsorptive affinity for at least one of the Hg or HCl than the calcium-containing particles at the first temperature;adsorbing a portion of at least one of the Hg or HCl to the calcium-containing particles of the gas; andfiltering the gas stream to remove at least a portion of the calcium-containing particles having the adsorbed Hg or HCl.2. The method of wherein the calcium-containing particles include calcium oxide (CaO).3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising injecting calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) particles into the gas stream.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising measuring an amount of at least one of Hg or HCl remaining in the gas stream downstream of filtering claim 3 , wherein injecting Ca(OH)particles is based at least in part on the measured amount of Hg or HCl.5. The method of wherein individual Ca(OH)particles have a surface area of at ...

CAVITAND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed. 2: The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': 3', '2, 'R is H, CH, Br, or NO;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '2', '2, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, i-Bu, Ph, 4-CHPh, 4-CFPh, 3,5-(CF)Ph, or 3,5-FPh; and'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'Y is —CH—, —Si(CH)—, —Si(CHCH)—, or —Si(i-Pr)—.'}3: The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):R is H;{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '3', '3', '2', '2, 'Ris H, CH, i-Bu, Ph, 4-CFPh, 3,5-(CF)Ph, or 3,5-FPh; and'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'claim-text': [{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'wherein Ris not CHwhen Y is —CH—, —Si(CH)—, or Si(CHCH); and'}, {'sup': '1', 'sub': '2', 'wherein Ris not Ph when Y is —CH—.'}], 'Y is —CH—, —Si(CH)—, —Si(CHCH)—, or —Si(i-Pr)—;'}4: The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': '3', 'R is CH;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, i-Bu, 3,5-(CF)Ph; and'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'claim-text': [{'sup': '1', 'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'wherein for Ris not H when Y is —CH—, —Si(CH)—; and'}, {'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2, 'wherein Ris not CHwhen Y is —CH—.'}], 'Y is —CH—, —Si(CH)—, Si(CHCH), or —Si(i-Pr)—;'}5: The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': '2', 'R is NO;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': '3', 'Ris H or CH; and'}{'sub': '2', 'Y is —CH—.'}6: The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': '3', 'R is H, CH, or Br;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, Ph, or 4-CHPh; and'}{'sub': 2', '3', ...

Deacidification process and apparatus thereof

A deacidification apparatus and a deacidification process using the apparatus are disclosed. The deacidification apparatus includes a deacidification furnace, of which a furnace upper section, a furnace middle section and a furnace lower section are provided in upper, middle and lower portions respectively, wherein a gas-solid mixture inlet ( 1 ), a exhaust outlet ( 3 ) and a filtered air port ( 2 ) are provided on the furnace upper section, a product outlet ( 13 ) is provided on the furnace lower section, the upper portion of the deacidification is mounted with a filter ( 5 ) to which the gas-solid mixture inlet ( 1 ), the exhaust outlet ( 2 ) and the filtered air port ( 3 ) are connected, the filtered air port ( 2 ) is connected with a gas pulse device and a vacuum device by a three-way connecting device, and the exhaust outlet ( 3 ) is connected with atmosphere or connected with the vacuum device.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING (HYDRO)FLUOROPROPENES CONTAMINATED WITH HALOGENATED ETHANE

A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)fluoroolefins and one or more undesired halogenated ethanes, halogenated methanes or mixtures thereof so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated ethane or halogenated methane, the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising pores having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of about 6 Å or less. 1. A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)fluoropropenes and one or more undesired halogenated ethanes , so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated ethane the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising pores having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of about 6 Å or less.2. A process according to wherein the desired (hydro)fluoropropene comprises at least 10 wt % claim 1 , for example at least 20 wt % claim 1 , at least 30 wt % claim 1 , at least 40 wt % claim 1 , at least 50 wt % claim 1 , at least 60 wt % claim 1 , at least 70 wt % claim 1 , at least 80 wt % or at least 90 wt % of the composition to be treated.3. A process according to or wherein the adsorbent comprises having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 4 Å to about 6 Å.4. A process according to any of to wherein the adsorbent comprises pores having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of about 5 Å.5. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the adsorbent is a molecular sieve.6. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the adsorbent comprises a zeolite.7. A process according to wherein the tetrafluoropropene is 2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf).8. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the at least one undesired halogenated ethane is a fluorinated ethane.9. A process according to wherein the fluorinated ...

VACUUM PUMPING AND ABATEMENT SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a vacuum pumping and abatement system for evacuating processing gas from a process chamber and removing noxious substances from the processing gas. The present invention also relates to a method of purging a vacuum pumping arrangement. The present invention seeks to reduce the cost of ownership and operation and carbon footprint of such systems, by providing a vacuum pumping and abatement system for evacuating processing gas from a process chamber and removing noxious substances from the processing gas, comprising a vacuum pumping arrangement for evacuating processing gas from a process chamber; a source of compressed air for purging the vacuum pumping arrangement during evacuation; and a burner for receiving processing gas and compressed air from the vacuum pumping arrangement and removing noxious substances therefrom by burning the processing gas in oxygen wherein at least some of the oxygen that supports combustion is derived from the compressed air. 1. A vacuum pumping and abatement system for evacuating processing gas from a process chamber and removing noxious substances from the processing gas , comprising:a vacuum pumping arrangement for evacuating processing gas from the process chamber;a source of compressed air for purging the vacuum pumping arrangement during evacuation; anda burner for receiving processing gas and compressed air from the vacuum pumping arrangement and removing noxious substances therefrom by burning the processing gas in oxygen wherein at least some of the oxygen that supports combustion is derived from the compressed air.2. The system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a sensing means for sensing a characteristic of the compressed gas prior to introduction thereof into a pump for purging.3. The system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the characteristic is one or both of an amount of oil or moisture in the compressed air and the sensing means outputs a signal to a control unit if the amount of oil ...

SEPARATION OF A PHOSGENE- AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE-COMPRISING STREAM

The invention relates to a method of separating a phosgene- and hydrogen chloride-comprising stream (), wherein said method comprises conveying the hydrogen chloride- and phosgene-comprising stream () into a distillation column (), withdrawing at the bottom of the distillation column () a phosgene-comprising stream () and withdrawing at the top of the column an essentially hydrogen chloride-comprising stream (). At least a portion of the stream () withdrawn at the top is compressed and at least partially condensed and at least a portion of the liquid and compressed essentially hydrogen chloride-comprising stream is decompressed and recycled into the top of distillation column () as reflux. 1. A method of separating a phosgene- and hydrogen chloride-comprising stream comprising:conveying the hydrogen chloride- and phosgene-comprising stream into a distillation column,withdrawing at the bottom of the distillation column a phosgene-comprising stream, andwithdrawing at the top of the distillation column an essentially hydrogen chloride-comprising stream,wherein at least a portion of the stream withdrawn at the top is compressed and at least partially condensed and at least a portion of the liquid and compressed essentially hydrogen chloride-comprising stream is decompressed and recycled into the top of the distillation column as reflux.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stream is withdrawn at the top at a pressure in the range of from 1 to 10 bar and is compressed to a pressure in the range of from 5 to 25 bar before condensation.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the distillation column comprises a rectifying section and a stripping section and the phosgene- and hydrogen chloride-comprising stream is supplied as a side feed between the rectifying section and the stripping section.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after compression the essentially hydrogen chloride-comprising stream withdrawn from the top is supplied to a rectifying ...

Method for Purifying Fluorine Compound Gas

Disclosed is a purification method for removing a metal component from a fluorine compound gas containing hydrogen fluoride and a metal component. This method includes a removing step for removing the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component therefrom by bringing the fluorine compound gas into contact with a solid metal fluoride to adsorb the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component on the metal fluoride. It is preferable for the fluorine compound gas to contain at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CIF, CIF, IF, IF, BrF, BrF, NF, WF, SiF, CF, SFand BF. It is also preferable for the metal fluoride to be an alkali metal fluoride or an alkali earth metal fluoride. Surprisingly, the presence of hydrogen fluoride in a fluorine compound gas makes it possible to remove a metal component therefrom as an impurity as a result of adsorption thereof by a metal fluoride. 1. A method for purifying a fluorine compound gas by removing a metal component from a fluorine compound gas that contains hydrogen fluoride and the metal component , the method comprising the step of:removing the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component by bringing the fluorine compound gas into contact with a solid metal fluoride to adsorb the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component on the metal fluoride.2. The method for purifying the fluorine compound gas according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine compound gas contains at least one fluorine compound selected from the group consisting of CIF claim 1 , CIF claim 1 , IF claim 1 , IF claim 1 , BrF claim 1 , BrF claim 1 , NF claim 1 , WF claim 1 , SiF claim 1 , CF claim 1 , SFand BF.3. The method for purifying the fluorine compound gas according to claim 1 , wherein before the removing step claim 1 , a concentration adjusting step is performed for adjusting a content of the hydrogen fluoride contained in the fluorine compound gas to be 50 volume ppm or greater to 1 volume % or less claim 1 , relative to a total volume of a fluorine ...

AN AIR TREATMENT METHOD AND A SYSTEM ARRANGED FOR TREATING AIR IN A CLEAN ROOM

The present invention relates to an air treatment method and a system (-) arranged for treating an air flow () to be entered into a semiconductor clean room. Said air flow () comprises at least one vapour phase compound, and wherein the air flow () is subjected to at least one first treatment process arranged for reducing the concentration of the at least one vapour phase compound in the treated air flow below a predefined threshold, and wherein said first treatment process comprises subjecting the air flow to at least one photooxidation step.

Purification of Nitrogen Trifluoride By Pressure Swing Absorption

A pressure-swing adsorption process for producing a purified nitrogen trifluoride (NF) product gas from a feed gas contaminated with carbon tetrafluoride (CF) using a column packed with an adsorbent that exhibits selectivity for NFover CF. The process separates the feed gas into a first product gas having a greater concentration of CFthan the feed gas and a second product gas having a lesser concentration of CFwithout the use of an inert carrier gas while recovering essentially all of the NF. The process includes filling the column with the feed gas until the column reaches a first pressure, removing the first product gas, and then removing the second product gas, where after the second product gas is removed the column is at a second pressure. A rinse gas of NFand CFmay be used to remove the first product gas or the second product gas. 1. A method for purifying nitrogen trifluoride (NF) , the method comprising:{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '4, 'filling an adsorption column with a first volume of a feed gas consisting essentially of NFand carbon tetrafluoride (CF) until the adsorption column reaches a first pressure greater than an initial pressure of the adsorption column, wherein the adsorption column includes an adsorbent material that selectively adsorbs NFover CF,'}{'sub': '3', 'whereby the adsorbent material adsorbs a portion of the feed gas having a greater concentration of NFthan an unadsorbed portion;'}{'sub': '4', 'removing a first product gas having a greater concentration of CFthan the feed gas from the adsorption column; and,'}{'sub': '4', 'after removing the first product gas, removing a second product gas having a lesser concentration of CFthan the feed gas from the adsorption column, wherein the column has a second pressure less than the first pressure after removing the second product gas.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein essentially all of the NFof the feed gas is removed as a part of the first product gas claim 1 , as a part of the second product gas ...

Method for Purifying Fluorine Gas

Disclosed is a purification method for removing a metal component from a fluorine gas containing hydrogen fluoride and a metal component. This method includes a removing step for removing the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component therefrom by bringing the fluorine gas into contact with a solid metal fluoride to adsorb the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component on the metal fluoride. The content of the hydrogen fluoride in the fluorine gas before the removing step is 50 volume ppm to 1 volume %, relative to the total volume of the fluorine gas, the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component. The metal fluoride is preferably an alkali metal fluoride or an alkali earth metal fluoride. Surprisingly, the presence of hydrogen fluoride in a fluorine gas makes it possible to remove a metal component therefrom as an impurity as a result of adsorption thereof by a metal fluoride. 1. A method for purifying a fluorine gas by removing a metal component from a fluorine gas that contains hydrogen fluoride and the metal component , the method comprising the step of:removing the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component by bringing the fluorine gas into contact with a solid metal fluoride to adsorb the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component on the metal fluoride,wherein the content of the hydrogen fluoride in the fluorine gas before the removing step is 50 volume ppm or greater to 1 volume % or less, relative to a total volume of the fluorine gas, the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component.2. The method for purifying the fluorine gas according to claim 1 , wherein before the removing step claim 1 , a concentration adjusting step is performed for adjusting a content of the hydrogen fluoride contained in the fluorine gas to be 50 volume ppm or greater to 1 volume % or less claim 1 , relative to a total volume of the fluorine gas claim 1 , the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component.3. The method for purifying the fluorine gas according to claim 2 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF 1-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND 1,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE

This invention discloses a method for co-production of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. This method includes inputting the mixed gases of hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene into a first reactor for a reaction to obtain a reaction product; directly inputting the reaction product into a second reactor to perform a reaction in the presence of a catalyst; separating hydrogen chloride from the obtained product; obtaining 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene respectively after water washing, alkaline washing, drying and rectifying. This invention has the advantages of flexible production, simple process, small investment, low energy consumption and high conversion rate. 17-. (canceled)8. A method for co-production of 1-chloro-3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropene , 2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene , the method comprising:{'sup': '−1', '(a) preheating and then directing hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane into a first reactor in a molar ratio of 9:1-15:1, wherein the first reactor comprises an upper section filled with an aluminum oxide supported chromium metal catalyst and a lower section filled with a chromic oxide supported indium metal catalyst, wherein the hydrogen fluoride and the 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane are reacted in the upper section of the first reactor at a temperature of 200-400° C. and at an air flow rate of 300-1,000 h, and a product from the upper section enters the lower section of the first reactor to continuously react with the 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropane to obtain a first reaction product of the first reactor, wherein a molar ratio of the 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropane to the hydrogen fluoride in the lower section of the first reactor is 3:9-5:9;'}{'sup': '−1', '(b) directly directing the first reaction product of the first reactor into a second reactor ...

EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT APPARATUS

A hybrid stepping motor has a connector housing formed integrally with an insulator having an upper insulator and a lower insulator. The hybrid stepping motor includes a stator core and output terminals concentrically disposed outside the stator core. A wiring pattern serving as the output terminals has connector pins and land portions disposed eccentrically with respect to one another. The land portions are formed on an outer edge side of the wiring pattern. A surface, which is an uppermost surface of the wiring pattern, is located below a lowermost surface, in which jumper wires and lead wires pass, of the lower insulator. The lead wires are pulled out from a lower side, and are pulled out to guiding grooves. 1. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating a processing gas by combustion treatment to make the processing gas harmless , the exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising:a cylindrical combustion chamber configured to combust a processing gas; anda fuel nozzle, an oxidizing gas nozzle and a processing gas nozzle provided on the combustion chamber and configured to blow a fuel, an oxidizing gas and the processing gas, respectively, in a tangential direction to an inner circumferential surface of the combustion chamber;wherein the fuel nozzle, the oxidizing nozzle and the processing gas nozzle are positioned in the same plane perpendicular to an axis of the combustion chamber.2. The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a water supply nozzle for forming a water film on the inner circumferential surface of the combustion chamber is provided at a location distant in an axial direction of the combustion chamber from a blowing position of the fuel claim 1 , the oxidizing gas and the processing gas.3. The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein by blowing the fuel claim 1 , the oxidizing gas and the processing gas claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , in the tangential direction to the inner circumferential surface of ...

EXHAUST GAS PROCESSING APPARATUS

There is provided an exhaust gas processing apparatus configured to cause a processing gas to be exposed to or come into contact with a liquid and thereby detoxify the processing gas. The exhaust gas processing apparatus comprises a suction casing provided with an inlet which the processing gas is sucked into and with an outlet which the processing gas is flowed out from; a liquid tank configured to receive an outlet-side part of the suction casing and store the liquid therein; and one or multiple spray nozzles placed in the liquid tank. The outlet of the suction casing is arranged to be located above a liquid surface of the liquid stored in the liquid tank. The one or multiple spray nozzles are configured to spray the liquid from around the outlet of the suction casing to a peripheral part of the outlet. 1. An exhaust gas processing apparatus configured to cause a processing gas to be exposed to or come into contact with a liquid and thereby detoxify the processing gas ,the exhaust gas processing apparatus comprising:a suction casing provided with an inlet which the processing gas is sucked into and with an outlet which the processing gas is flowed out from;a liquid tank configured to receive an outlet-side part of the suction casing and store the liquid therein; andone or multiple spray nozzles placed in the liquid tank, whereinthe outlet of the suction casing is arranged to be located above a liquid surface of the liquid stored in the liquid tank, and whereinthe one or multiple spray nozzles are configured to spray the liquid from around the outlet of the suction casing to a peripheral part of the outlet.2. The exhaust gas processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the one or multiple spray nozzles are configured such that an entire surface in the liquid tank, which includes an outer surface of the suction casing above the liquid surface in the liquid tank and a wall of the liquid tank, is covered with the sprayed liquid.3. The exhaust gas processing ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD

An apparatus () for generating power is provided. The apparatus comprises: at least one pocket (-) for collecting inlet gas which rises through a liquid in which the at least one pocket may be located; an output rotor (); and a greenhouse gas scavenger () for removing greenhouse gas from an inlet gas; the apparatus being configured so that collection of inlet gas causes movement of the pocket, the pocket being coupled to the output rotor so that movement of the pocket causes rotation of the output rotor. A method is also provided. 1. An apparatus for generating power comprising:at least one pocket for collecting inlet gas which rises through a liquid in which the at least one pocket may be located;an output rotor; anda greenhouse gas scavenger for removing greenhouse gas from the inlet gas;the apparatus being configured so that collection of inlet gas causes movement of the pocket, the pocket being coupled to the output rotor so that movement of the pocket causes rotation of the output rotor.2. An apparatus according to in which the greenhouse gas scavenger removes greenhouse gas by reacting with claim 1 , or adsorbing or absorbing claim 1 , said greenhouse gas.3. An apparatus according to wherein the greenhouse gas scavenger is a carbon dioxide scavenger and comprises a base (such as hydroxide) claim 1 , a CO-binding mineral or an amine claim 1 , and if the carbon dioxide scavenger comprises an amine claim 1 , then optionally the amine is a primary or secondary amine claim 1 , optionally selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine claim 1 , monoethanolamine claim 1 , methyldiethanolamine claim 1 , diisopropanolamine and aminoethoxyethanol (diglycolamine).4. An apparatus according to wherein the greenhouse gas scavenger is provided as claim 1 , or in claim 1 , a liquid claim 1 , and optionally the at least one pocket is located in said liquid.5. An apparatus according to comprising a heater for heating the greenhouse gas scavenger in a region in which the ...

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING HYDROCARBON STREAMS USING LOW REACTIVITY ADSORBENTS

This present disclosure relates to processes for removing contaminants from hydrocarbon streams, e.g. removing chlorides, CO, COS, HS, AsH, methanol, mercaptans and other S- or O-containing organic compounds from olefins, paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes and other hydrocarbon streams. The process involves contacting the stream with an adsorbent which comprises a zeolite, an alumina component and a metal component e.g. sodium, in an amount at least 30% of the zeolite's ion exchange capacity. 1. A process for removing contaminants from hydrocarbon streams comprising contacting the hydrocarbon stream comprising olefins , paraffins , aromatics , naphthenes having a boiling point of about 50° C. to about 180° C. , preferably about 50° C. to about 115° C. with an adsorbent at adsorption conditions to remove a portion of at least one chloride containing contaminant wherein the adsorbent comprising a zeolite component , a binder , and a metal component to produce a hydrocarbon product stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolite X claim 1 , zeolite Y claim 1 , zeolite A claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , clay claim 1 , alumina silicate claim 1 , tinania claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the zeolite is zeolite X.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent has a silica to alumina ratio of between about 2.0 to about 2.5 claim 1 , preferably about 2.1.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption conditions include a temperature of about 50° C. to about 150° C. claim 1 , preferably about 120° C.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , lithium claim 1 , rubidium claim 1 , cesium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. The process of claim 6 ...

TREATMENT METHOD OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE-CONTAINING FLUID

The present invention provides a treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid, comprising passing the radioactive iodine-containing fluid through an adsorbent for iodine consisting of a silver-containing binderless zeolite molded body having a silver content of 50 mass % or less, to adsorb the radioactive iodine on the adsorbent for iodine. 1. A treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid , comprising passing the radioactive iodine-containing fluid through an adsorbent for iodine consisting of a silver-containing binderless zeolite molded body having a silver content of 50 mass % or less , to adsorb the radioactive iodine on the adsorbent for iodine.2. The treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent for iodine is consisting of a silver-containing binderless zeolite molded body containing 5 mass % or more of silver ions.3. The treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the binderless zeolite molded body constituting the adsorbent for iodine is either a binderless A-type zeolite molded body or a binderless X-type zeolite molded body.4. The treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the radioactive iodine-containing fluid is a liquid claim 1 , and the adsorbent for iodine is in a particle form having a particle size falling within a range from 30 μm to 1500 μm.5. The treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the radioactive iodine-containing fluid is a gas claim 1 , and the adsorbent for iodine is in a particle form having a particle size falling within a range from 800 μm to 2000 μm. The present invention relates to a treatment method of a radioactive iodine-containing fluid, in particular, a treatment method of a radioactive fluid for removing radioactive iodine from the radioactive fluid containing contaminating ions which originate from the ...

INDOOR AIR POLLUTANT DEGRADATION BY GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS

A genetically modified houseplant capable of reducing levels of volatile organic carcinogenic compounds, such as formaldehyde, benzene, and chloroform, in the indoor air in urban homes of developed countries is disclosed. The plant expresses a detoxifying transgene, mammalian cytochrome P450 2e, and has shown sufficient detoxifying activity against benzene and chloroform. Air purifying biofilters utilizing the plants and methods of their use are also disclosed. 1. A transgenic houseplant , houseplant part , or houseplant cell stably transformed with an expression cassette comprising a first polynucleotide sequence encoding a mammalian cytochrome protein , wherein the transgenic houseplant is capable of removing a volatile organic compound from air.2. The transgenic houseplant claim 1 , houseplant part claim 1 , or houseplant cell of claim 1 , wherein the expression cassette further comprises a second polynucleotide sequence encoding a visual selection marker.3. The transgenic houseplant claim 1 , houseplant part claim 1 , or houseplant cell of claim 1 , wherein the first polynucleotide sequence is operably linked to a first promoter functional in the transgenic houseplant.4. The transgenic houseplant claim 2 , houseplant part claim 2 , or houseplant cell of claim 2 , wherein second polynucleotide sequence is operably linked to a second promoter functional in the transgenic houseplant.5Epipremnum aureum.. The transgenic houseplant claim 1 , houseplant part claim 1 , or houseplant cell of claim 1 , wherein the transgenic houseplant is transgenic6. The transgenic houseplant claim 1 , houseplant part claim 1 , or houseplant cell of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cytochrome protein is Cytochrome P450 or a variant or a homolog thereof with at least about 90% amino acid sequence homologous thereto.78-. (canceled)9. The transgenic houseplant claim 1 , houseplant part claim 1 , or houseplant cell of claim 1 , wherein the first polynucleotide sequence encoding the mammalian ...

DEVICE OF CAPTURING SINTERED PRODUCT AFTER SINTERING WASTE GAS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

A device of capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process includes: a cover disposed at a top of a reaction chamber formed on a waste gas treatment tank; a waste gas introducing pipe and a heater respectively disposed in the reaction chamber, a waste gas reaction end being formed at the heater in the reaction chamber corresponding to an outlet of the waste gas introducing pipe; a ring-shaped water disk disposed between the cover and the waste gas treatment tank, an inlet pipe located outside of the reaction chamber being formed on the ring-shaped water disk; and a plurality of nozzles spaced apart at a circumferential distance distributed in the reaction chamber. 1. A device for capturing a sintered product after sintering a waste gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process , comprising:a cover disposed at a top of a reaction chamber formed on a waste gas treatment tank;a waste gas introducing pipe and a heater respectively disposed in the reaction chamber, a waste gas reaction end being formed at the heater in the reaction chamber corresponding to an outlet of the waste gas introducing pipe;a ring-shaped water disk disposed between the cover and the waste gas treatment tank, an inlet pipe located outside of the reaction chamber being formed on the ring-shaped water disk; anda plurality of nozzles spaced apart at a circumferential distance distributed in the reaction chamber,wherein the plurality of nozzles are disposed between the waste gas reaction end and a tank wall around the reaction chamber.2. The device for capturing a sintered product according to claim 1 , wherein the waste gas introducing pipe and the heater are respectively disposed on the cover and inserted into the reaction chamber.3. The device for capturing a sintered product according to claim 1 , wherein the heater is a flame heater for forming a flame vent at the waste gas reaction end to provide a flame for sintering the waste gas from the ...

INTRODUCED IN ADSORPTION FILTER FOR INHALED HALOGENATED ANESTHETICS FOR CARDIOPULMONARY CIRCULATION BYPASS

Improvements introduced in adsorption filter for inhaled halogenated anesthetics for cardiopulmonary bypass. It relates to an adsorption filter () of the type pertaining to the field of medical devices, more specifically, used to adsorb inhaled halogenated anesthetics that are eliminated through the output of the membrane oxygenators () of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit (CPB); said filter () contains a hollow reservoir () for preservation of adsorber elements (ED) of the activated charcoal type (), said reservoir () being of tubular cylindrical form, and it receives on one of the free extremities () a cover () whose internal diameter (d) is greater than the external diameter (d) of the cylindrical reservoir (), so as to produce an access chamber (C) for the input of the inhaled anesthetic (Al) that, in turn, penetrates through a tubular member () in the central portion of the cover (), where a tube (Tb) for connection with the oxygenator device () is installed, said tube (Tb) allowing the input of the gas (Al) into the filter () for decontamination; on the same extremity () and in the peripheral wall () are made openings () intended for the input of the inhaled anesthetic (Al) after input in the chamber (C), initiating the ingression in the chamber (C) of the cylinder () endowed with adsorber element (ED). 1) An adsorption filter for absorbing inhaled halogenated anesthetics that are eliminated through the outlet gases of a oxygenator device , the filter comprising:a hollow reservoir comprising a first end and a second end, the reservoir capable of housing at least one adsorber element in an interior of the reservoir for decontaminating inhaled halogenated anesthetics, wherein the reservoir has an external reservoir diameter; anda cover for covering the first end of the reservoir, wherein the cover has an internal cover diameter which is greater than the external reservoir diameter such that an access chamber is formed between the cover and the reservoir, and ...

APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WASTE GASES FOR INTEGRATED SEMICONDUCTOR

An apparatus for purifying waste gases for an integrated semiconductor is provided, which includes a cover including a burner mounted thereon to generate a flame and a plurality of waste gas inlet pipes formed on a circumference of the burner to make waste gases flow therethrough; a reactor including upper and lower openings formed thereon so that the cover is detachably coupled to the upper opening, a converging member tapered to have a smaller diameter as going toward a lower portion thereof, and a transport pipe vertically arranged to communicate with an apex of the converging member, in which a water curtain is formed to prevent accumulation of by-products, to burn and discharge the inflow waste gases; and a cleaning portion integrally formed in the reactor to water-clean the burnt waste gases that are discharged into the reactor after passing through the transport pipe to collect particles. Since the burner, the reactor, and the scrubber are integrally formed in a body. 1. An apparatus for purifying waste gases for a semiconductor , comprising:a cover including a burner mounted thereon to generate a flame and a plurality of waste gas inlet pipes formed on a circumference of the burner to make waste gases flow therethrough;a reactor including upper and lower openings formed thereon so that the cover is detachably coupled to the upper opening, a converging member tapered to have a smaller diameter as going toward a lower portion thereof, and a transport pipe vertically arranged to communicate with an apex of the converging member, in which a water curtain is formed to prevent accumulation of by-products, to burn and discharge the inflow waste gases; anda cleaning portion integrally formed in the reactor to water-clean the burnt waste gases that are discharged into the reactor after passing through the transport pipe to collect particles.2. The apparatus for purifying waste gases according to claim 1 , wherein the cleaning portion comprises:a partition member ...

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can be manufactured by slaking quicklime, and subsequently drying and milling the slaked product. The resulting calcium hydroxide-containing composition can have a size, steepness, pore volume, and/or other features that render the compositions suitable for treatment of exhaust gases and/or removal of contaminants. In some embodiments, the calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can include a Dfrom about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns, a Dless than about 30 microns, and a ratio of Dto Dless than 20, wherein individual particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m/g. 120-. (canceled)21. A composition configured to treat an industrial gas stream , the composition comprising: a moisture content of no more than 3.0%; and', {'sup': '2', 'a specific surface area of at least 30 m/g,'}], 'a plurality of particles comprising calcium hydroxide, individual ones of the particles comprising—'} 90% of the particles comprise a first cross-sectional dimension,', '10% of the particles comprise a second cross-sectional dimension different than the first cross-sectional dimension and no more than 4 microns, and', 'a ratio of the first cross-sectional dimension to the second cross-sectional dimension is no more than 25., 'wherein—'}22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the specific surface area of the individual particles is less than 50 m/g.23. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the specific surface area of the individual particles is from 35-45 m/g.24. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the first cross-sectional dimension is no more than 30 microns.25. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the ratio is at least 8.26. The composition of claim 21 , wherein:the first cross-sectional dimension is no more than 50 microns, andthe second cross-sectional dimension is between 0.5-4 microns.27. The composition of claim 26 , wherein 50% of the particles comprise a third cross-sectional dimension less than 10 microns.28 ...

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION AND/OR USAGE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING A SUBSTANCE FROM AN INSULATION MEDIUM OF SUCH AN APPARATUS

An electrical apparatus for electrical energy handling comprises a housing with at least one insulation space, in which an electrical component is arranged and which contains an insulation medium surrounding the electrical component. The insulation medium comprises an organofluorine compound and at least one further gaseous component. Apparatus further comprises a gas flow generating device for flowing an initial gas mixture, containing the organofluorine compound and at least one further component of the insulation medium, out of the insulation space through an outlet opening arranged in the housing. A substance recovery device downstream of outlet opening comprises a separator for separating the organofluorine compound from the at least one further component of the initial gas mixture, the separator being a liquefaction device for liquefying and/or solidification device for solidifying the organofluorine compound. 1. Electrical apparatus for generation , transmission , distribution and/or usage of electrical energy , the electrical apparatus comprising a housing enclosing an electrical apparatus interior space , at least a portion of said electrical apparatus interior space comprising at least one insulation space , in which an electrical component is arranged and which contains an insulation medium surrounding the electrical component , the insulation medium comprising an organofluorine compound and at least one further component in gaseous phase ,the electrical apparatus further comprising a gas flow generating device designed to generate a flow of an initial gas mixture through an outlet opening arranged in the housing out of the insulation space, the initial gas mixture containing organofluorine compound an at least one further component of the insulation medium,wherein downstream of the outlet opening a substance recovery device is arranged, the substance recovery device comprising a separator for separating the organofluorine compound from the at least one ...

Portable Dry Scrubber

A portable dry scrubber comprises a gas flow control module comprising a gas receiving unit that receives inflow of gas from surrounding atmosphere or from a gas source, a gas processing module that removes hazardous matter from the gas flowed in through the gas receiving unit and a connection module that connects the gas flow control module detachably to the gas processing module. The connection module comprises quick coupling device that establishes and disassembles a gas flow passage between the gas flow control module and the gas processing module. Example of the quick coupling device is a quick release vacuum flange that engages with a connecting flange of the gas flow control module. 1. A portable dry scrubber comprising:a) a gas flow control module comprising a gas receiving unit that is adapted to receive inflow of gas from surrounding atmosphere or from a gas source, wherein the inflow of gas contains hazardous materials;b) a gas processing module that removes hazardous matter from the gas flowed in through the gas receiving unit; andc) a connection module that connects the gas flow control module detachably to the gas processing module.2. The portable dry scrubber of claim 1 , wherein the gas processing module comprises a hazardous matter removing unit that removes hazardous matter from the gas that passes through the hazardous matter removing unit.3. The portable dry scrubber of claim 2 , wherein the connection module comprises a quick coupling device that establishes and disassembles a gas flow passage between the gas flow control module and the gas processing module.4. The portable dry scrubber of claim 3 , wherein the quick coupling device comprises a quick release vacuum flange claim 3 , wherein the gas receiving unit comprises a connecting flange that engages with the quick release vacuum flange.5. The portable dry scrubber of claim 3 , wherein the gas flow control module comprises a substantially rectangular control case claim 3 , wherein the gas ...

Nano-Structured Composite Materials for Chemical Air Pollutant and Odor Removal from Air

Described is related to nano-structured composite materials for removing harmful chemical air pollutants and odors from the air to prevent people from breathing in disease-causing chemicals and provide them with clean indoor air. The nano-structured composite materials comprise nano-catalysts embedded in the pores of nano-structured substrate materials selected from the group consisting of nano-porous carbon, nano-porous rare earth oxide, nano-porous zeolite, nano-porous alumina and nano-porous silica. The nano-scale synergy of nano-catalysts and nano-structured substrate materials provides effective air filtration materials for the complete trapping and elimination of the full spectrum of chemical air pollutants including both organic and inorganic compounds and odors for indoor spaces, which HEPA or activated carbon filters cannot achieve. 1. Nano-structured composite materials for removing chemical air pollutants and odors from air at room temperature comprise nano-catalysts supported on nano-structured substrate materials in the form of “Nano-in-Nano” configuration wherein nano-sized catalysts distributed and anchored inside the nano-pores of the substrate materials which include at least one of nano-porous carbon , nano-porous rare earth oxide , nano-porous zeolite , nano-porous alumina , nano-porous silica , or combinations thereof.2. The nano-structured composite materials according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical air pollutants include carbon monoxide claim 1 , nitric oxide claim 1 , nitrogen dioxide claim 1 , sulfur dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , ozone claim 1 , formaldehyde claim 1 , acetaldehyde claim 1 , butadiene claim 1 , propene claim 1 , butane claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , phenol claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , methylene chloride claim 1 , tetrachloroethylene claim 1 , mercaptans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.3. The nano-structured composite materials according ...

Waste gas purification system and method

A waste gas purification system according to an embodiment includes an adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit, an enhanced absorption unit, an air inducing unit, and a flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit that are sequentially connected. The waste gas enters a heat exchange device of the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit through a first waste gas delivery pipeline to perform heat exchange, then is converged with waste gas in a second waste gas delivery pipeline, and enters a third waste gas delivery pipeline. Waste gas in the third waste gas delivery pipeline is purified after sequentially passing through the adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit and the enhanced absorption unit. Purified flue gas is introduced into the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit by the air inducing unit, and the purified flue gas is discharged after performing heat exchange with the heat exchange device. In some embodiments, the waste gas purification system and method may implement deep treatment of complex waste gas containing organic and inorganic components.

CAVITAND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed. 138-. (canceled)40. The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': 3', '2, 'R is H, CH, Br, or NO;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '2', '2, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, i-Bu, Ph, 4-CHPh, 4-CFPh, 3,5-(CF)Ph, or 3,5-FPh; and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'Y is —Si(CH)—, —Si(CHCH)—, or —Si(i-Pr)—.'}41. The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):R is H;{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '3', '3', '2', '2, 'Ris H, CH, i-Bu, Ph, 4-CFPh, 3,5-(CF)Ph, or 3,5-FPh; and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'Y is —Si(CH)—, —Si(CHCH)—, or —Si(i-Pr)—;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'wherein Ris not CHwhen Y is —Si(CH)— or Si(CHCH).'}42. The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': '3', 'R is CH;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, i-Bu, 3,5-(CF)Ph; and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'Y is —Si(CH)—, Si(CHCH), or —Si(i-Pr)—;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2, 'wherein for Ris not H when Y is —Si(CH)—.'}43. The composition of ; wherein for the compound of formula (I):{'sub': '3', 'R is H, CH, or Br;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3, 'Ris H, CH, CHCH, Ph, or 4-CHPh; and'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'Y is —Si(CH)—, or Si(CHCH).'}44. The composition of ; wherein the compound of formula (I) is the rccc or the rctt stereoisomer.45. The composition of ; wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the following (R claim 39 , R claim 39 , Y):{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3 ...

GAS LASER APPARATUS

A gas laser apparatus may include: a laser chamber connected through a first control valve to a first laser gas supply source that supplies a first laser gas containing a halogen gas and connected through a second control valve to a second laser gas supply source that supplies a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas; a purification column that removes at least a part of the halogen gas and a halogen compound from at least a part of a gas exhausted from the laser chamber; a booster pump, connected through a third control valve to the laser chamber, which raises a pressure of a gas having passed through the purification column to a gas pressure that is higher than an operating gas pressure of the laser chamber; and a controller that calculates, on a basis of a first amount of a gas supplied from the booster pump through the third control valve to the laser chamber, a second amount of the first laser gas that is to be supplied to the laser chamber and controls the first control valve on a basis of a result of the calculation of the second amount. 1. A gas purification system configured to purify exhaust gas exhausted from an excimer laser apparatus using laser gas including xenon gas and supply the exhaust gas having been purified to the excimer laser apparatus , the gas purification system comprising:a xenon-adding unit configured to add xenon gas to the exhaust gas to increase a xenon gas concentration in the exhaust gas.2. The gas purification system according to claim 1 , whereinthe excimer laser apparatus is connected to a first gas supply source supplying laser gas including xenon gas at a first concentration, andthe xenon-adding unit is connected to a second gas supply source supplying laser gas including xenon gas at a second concentration higher than the first concentration.3. The gas purification system according to claim 1 , further comprising:a xenon gas concentration reducing unit configured to reduce a xenon ...

Gas laser apparatus

A gas laser apparatus may include: a laser chamber connected through a first control valve to a first laser gas supply source that supplies a first laser gas containing a halogen gas and connected through a second control valve to a second laser gas supply source that supplies a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas; a purification column that removes at least a part of the halogen gas and a halogen compound from at least a part of a gas exhausted from the laser chamber; a booster pump, connected through a third control valve to the laser chamber, which raises a pressure of a gas having passed through the purification column to a gas pressure that is higher than an operating gas pressure of the laser chamber; and a controller that calculates, on a basis of a first amount of a gas supplied from the booster pump through the third control valve to the laser chamber, a second amount of the first laser gas that is to be supplied to the laser chamber and controls the first control valve on a basis of a result of the calculation of the second amount.

CONTROL OF WET SCRUBBER OXIDATION INHIBITOR AND BYPRODUCT RECOVERY

The present disclose is directed to a method for controlling iodine levels in wet scrubbers, and, in particular, recirculating wet scrubbers by removing the iodine from the scrubbing solution, such as by using ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and an aqueous two-phase extraction. 1. A method , comprising:receiving a waste gas comprising an acid gas and at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition;passing the waste gas through a wet scrubber to remove at least a portion of the acid gas and the at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition from the waste gas and form a scrubbing solution comprising at least one of an acid derived from the acid gas and a derivative thereof and at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition;removing, from the scrubbing solution, at least a portion of the at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition, thereby reducing a concentration of the at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition in the scrubbing solution; andapplying at least some of the removed at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and the iodine-containing composition to coal, wherein the coal and the removed at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and the iodine-containing composition are combusted to form the waste gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury and further comprising:contacting an iodine-containing additive with the waste gas upstream of the wet scrubber to oxidize elemental mercury in the waste gas to a non-elemental mercury, wherein the removed at least a portion of the at least one of elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition is contacted with the waste gas upstream of the wet scrubber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury and further ...

Clean Gas Stack

A flow-through solid catalyst formed by coating a zeolite material on a metal or ceramic solid substrate. In some embodiments, the solid substrate is formed as flat plates, corrugated plates, or honeycomb blocks. 1. An apparatus for drying and cleaning stack gases from a fossil fuel source , the apparatus comprising: [{'sup': '2', 'a zeolite material with a porosity of a total surface area of not greater than 1200 m/g and effective for achieving at least 70% reduction in carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, or nitrogen oxides from the stack gases;'}, 'a metal or ceramic solid substrate to which the zeolite material has been applied to create a zeolite-coated solid substrate; and', 'spacing between components of the substrate being selected based on a flow-through capacity of, a pressure drop across, and an effectiveness of removal of carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, or nitrogen oxides by the flow-through solid catalyst; and, 'a plurality of flow-through solid catalysts, each of the plurality of flow-through solid catalysts comprisinga pair of electrodes positioned inline in a gas flow upstream of the plurality of flow-through solid catalysts, the electrodes being insulated from containment of the gas flow, with a DC voltage applied between the electrodes to ionize water vapor in the gas flow without creating substantial amounts of hydrogen gas and to reduce moisture content of the gas flow through the flow-through solid catalysts.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the DC voltage applied between the electrodes being less than 34 volts.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , the solid substrate comprising a material selected from a group consisting of stainless steel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , a titanium alloy claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , cordierite claim 1 , mullite claim 1 , and alumina.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , each of the plurality of flow-through solid catalysts further comprising a binder to increase adherence of the zeolite material to the substrate.5. The ...