VERFAHREN ZUR DIFFUNDIERUNG VON WASSERSTOFF DURCH EINE NICHTPOROESE METALLSPERRSCHICHT

WASSERSTOFFDIFFUSIONSZELLE

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wasserstoffdiffusionszelle mit einer nichtporoesen Sperrschicht, durch die Wasserstoff diffundieren kann. Diese Zelle laeszt sich ausbilden, so dasz sich eine besonders vorteilhafte Brennstoffzelle ergibt. Erfindungsgemaesz weist die nichtporoese Sperrschicht, durch die Wasserstoff diffundieren kann, monolithische Metallhohlfasern auf, durch die Wasserstoff diffundieren kann und die eine Wandstruktur mit einem radial anisotropen inneren Hohlraumvolumen und eine im wesentlichen nichtporoese, kompakte Schicht aufweisen. Bei Ausbildung als Brennstoffzelle (Fig.2) hat die dann erforderliche Brennstoffelektrode eine nichtporoese Grenzschicht aus monolithischen Hohlfasern der obengenannten Art. The invention relates to a hydrogen diffusion cell having a nonporous barrier layer through which hydrogen can diffuse. This cell can be formed so that a particularly advantageous fuel cell results. According to the invention, the nonporous barrier layer through which hydrogen can diffuse comprises monolithic metal hollow fibers through which hydrogen can diffuse and which have a wall structure with a radially anisotropic internal void volume and a substantially non-porous, compact layer. When formed as a fuel cell (Figure 2), the then required fuel electrode has a nonporous boundary layer of monolithic hollow fibers of the type mentioned above.

ANORGANISCHE HOHLFASER,VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN SOWIE VERWENDUNG DERSELBEN

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reformieren wasserstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe

Allseitig abgeschlossene permselektive Fluessig-Membran

SELECTIVE, HYDROGEN-PERMEABLE DIAPHRAGM COMPOUND STRUCTURES AND GASEOUS FUEL PROCESSOR USING THE SAME

GROUPS OF CERAMIC HOLLOW FIBERS, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VERY MUCH DISTRIBUTED ALUMINAS OR ALUMINIUM MAGNESIUM SPINELS WITH HOMOGENEOUS POROUS STRUCTURES.

REACTOR WITH CERAMIC CATALYTIC DIAPHRAGM TO THE SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND/OR HYDROGEN ISOTOPES FROM A FLUID SUPPLY

CAPILLARY HOLLOW DIAPHRAGMS, FROM IT MANUFACTURE FLUID TREATMENT MODULES AND PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

Method for fabricating composite gas separation modules

Ceramic/metal composite article, composite structure for transporting oxide ion,and composite article having sealing property

Mass transfer method and apparatus

ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE MODULE AND VESSEL SYSTEM WITH DIRECTED INTERNAL GAS FLOW

An ion transport membrane system comprising (a) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis; (b) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (c) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel.

SOLID-STATE MEMBRANE MODULE

Solid-state membrane modules comprising at least one membrane unit, where the membrane unit has a dense mixed conducting oxide layer, and at least one conduit or manifold wherein the conduit or manifold comprises a dense layer and at least one of a porous layer and a slotted layer contiguous with the dense layer. The solid- state membrane modules may be used to carry out a variety of processes including the separating of any ionizable component from a feedstream wherein such ionizable component is capable of being transported through a dense mixed conducting oxide layer of the membrane units making up the membrane modules. For ease of construction, the membrane units may be planar.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Disclosed is a new process and apparatus for steam reforming of any vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and no CO in the H2 stream, using a membrane steam reforming (MSR) reactor and flame-less distributed combustion (FDC) which provides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities to drive the steam reforming reaction. The invention also pertains to a zero emission hybrid power system wherein the produced hydrogen is used to power a high-pressure internally manifolded molten carbonate fuel cell. In addition, the design of the FDC-MSR powered fuel cell makes it possible to capture good concentrations of CO2 for sequestration or use in other processes.

INORGANIC ANISOTROPIC HOLLOW FIBERS

This invention provides an essentially inorganic, sintered, monolithic hollow fiber characterized by having a radially anisotropic internal void volume wall structure. Processes for the production of such fibers are also disclosed. The hollow fibers of this invention are useful in many fields, such as fluid separations, fuel cells and catalysis, and are capable of withstanding conditions to which they may be subjected during, for example, a separation operation, while providing adequate selective separation of the fluid together with a sufficiently high flux. The fibers overcome the disadvantage of providing separation membranes which exhibit adequately high selective separation, but undesirably low fluxes and thus requiring such large separating membrane surface area that the large scale commercial use of these membranes is not economically feasible.

PROCESS GAS PURIFICATION AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A module (214 Fig. 5) for separating a product from a mixed stream comprises a mixed stream chamber having inlet and outlet means and defining a first flow path for the mixed stream, a purge/product stream chamber having inlet and outlet means and defining a second flow path for a purge/product stream, the second flow path having a substantially countercurrent direction to that of the first flow path, and a membrane located between the mixed stream chamber and the purge/product stream chamber, the membrane being selectively permeable to the product. There is also disclosed a fuel cell system comprising a burner module (210) for mixing and combusting a fuel and air mixture to produce hydrogen rich fuel stream; a hydrogen fuel cell (250) for producing power/energy using the hydrogen fuel produced by the burner module; a hydrogen purification module (214) between the burner module and the fuel cell for extracting hydrogen fuel from the burner module for use in the fuel cell and that uses a ...

ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE MODULE AND VESSEL SYSTEM WITH DIRECTION INTERNAL GAS FLOW

An ion transport membrane system comprising (a) a pressure vessel having an interior, an inlet adapted to introduce gas into the interior of the vessel, an outlet adapted to withdraw gas from the interior of the vessel, and an axis; (b) a plurality of planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide ceramic material and having an interior region and an exterior region; and (c) one or more gas flow control partitions disposed in the interior of the pressure vessel and adapted to change a direction of gas flow within the vessel.

Verfahren zur Anreicherung eines wasserstoffhaltigen Gasstroms mit Wasserstoff oder zur Gewinnung eines Stromes von reinem Wasserstoff aus einem wasserstoffhaltigen Gasstrom und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

ESSENTIALLY INORGANIC, MONOLITHIC HOLLOW FIBER.

СИСТЕМА МЕМБРАННЫХ МОДУЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ИОННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА И АППАРАТ С НАПРАВЛЕННЫМ ВНУТРЕННИМ ГАЗОВЫМ ПОТОКОМ

Мембранная система для ионного транспорта, включающая: (а) аппарат высокого давления, имеющий внутреннюю часть, вход, предназначенный для введения газа во внутреннюю часть аппарата, выход, предназначенный для удаления газа из внутренней части аппарата, и ось; (b) некоторое количество модулей с плоскими мембранами для ионного транспорта, расположенных во внутренней части аппарата высокого давления и установленных последовательно, при этом каждый мембранный модуль содержит керамический материал из смешанных оксидов металлов и имеет внутреннюю область и наружную область; (с) одну или более перегородок для управления газовым потоком, расположенных во внутренней части аппарата высокого давления и предназначенных для изменения направления газового потока внутри аппарата.

A process for selective removal of reaction products from a gaseous system

FEED GAS CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

Process and apparatus for the concentration of hydrogen

TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIQUID PERMSELECTIVE MEMBRANE

HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE METAL MEMBRANE MODULES AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

하나이상의 수소-선택 멤브레인을 포함하는 멤브레인 모듈과, 이를 제조하기 위한 방법과, 멤브레인 모듈이 내장된 수소 정화시스템와 연료처리기 및 장치가 제공된다. 일부 실시예에 있어서, 멤브레인 모듈은 스크린 구조체상에 지지된 하나이상의 수소-선택 멤브레인을 포함한다. 일부 실시예에서, 멤브레인(들)은 조립시 스크린 구조체상에 접착가능하게 접합된다. 일부 실시예에서, 스크린 구조체는 조립시 서로 접착가능하게 접합된 다수의 스크린 부재를 포함한다. 상기 스크린 구조체는 코팅을 포함할 수도 있다. 멤브레인, 엔빌로프, 수소, 정화, 주름, 연료처리기, 연료 전지, 스크린

ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE MODULE AND VESSEL SYSTEM WITH DIRECTED INTERNAL GAS FLOW, AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING OXYGEN FROM OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS, AND OXIDIZING METHOD USING THE SAME

PURPOSE: New ion transport membrane module and vessel systems, which are required in the field of high temperature ceramic membrane reactor systems and solve and overcome potential operating problems, are provided, wherein such systems should include features for allowing efficient operation, long membrane life, minimum capital cost and compact pressure vessels, and the ability for specifying membrane systems over a wide range of production rates. CONSTITUTION: An ion transport membrane system comprises: (a) a pressure vessel having an inner part, an inflow part modified to introduce gas into the inner part of the vessel, an exhaust part modified to exhaust gas from the inner part of the vessel, and an axis; (b) plural planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the inner part of the pressure vessel and arranged in series, wherein each membrane module comprises a mixed metal oxide ceramic material and has an internal region and an external region; and (c) one or more gas flow control ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN

The invention relates to a new and improved process and apparatus for the production of high purity hydrogen by steam reforming. The apparatus is an integrated flameless distributed combustion-membrane steam reforming (FDC-MSR) or reactor for steam reforming of a vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and minimal CO in the H2 stream. The flameless distributed combustion drives the steam reforming reaction which pro-vides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities. The reactor may contain multiple flameless distributed combustion chambers and multiple hydrogen-selective, hydrogen-permeable, membrane tubes. The feed and reaction gases may flow through the reactor either radially or axially. A further embodiment of the invention involves producing high purity hydrogen by dehydrogenation using an integrated FDC -membrane de-hydrogenation reactor. A still further embodiment of the invention involves a zero emission hybrid power system ...

Composite hydrogen separation element and module

There are disclosed improvements in multicomponent composite metal membranes useful for the separation of hydrogen, the improvements comprising the provision of at least one common-axis hole through all components of the composite membrane and the provision of a gas-tight seal around the periphery of the hole or holes through a coating metal layer of the membrane.

Feed gas contaminant removal in ion transport membrane systems

Method for gas purification comprising (a) obtaining a feed gas stream containing one or more contaminants selected from the group consisting of volatile metal oxy-hydroxides, volatile metal oxides, and volatile silicon hydroxide; (b) contacting the feed gas stream with a reactive solid material in a guard bed and reacting at least a portion of the contaminants with the reactive solid material to form a solid reaction product in the guard bed; and (c) withdrawing from the guard bed a purified gas stream.

Processing Apparatus Fabrication

A processing apparatus that is formed from a plurality of metal layers that are stacked and aligned together and then connected together to form one or more portions of the processing apparatus.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE OF METAL DIAPHRAGM MODULES

MONOLOLITHI SOLID DIAPHRAGM MODULE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE GAS SEPARATION

Ion transport membrane module and vessel system with directed internal gas flow

PREPARATION OF FINELY DIVIDED ALUMINAS

STEAM-REFORMING CATALYTIC STRUCTURES

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF MEMBRANES THAT ARE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE TO HYDROGEN AND COMBUSTIBLE GAS PROCESSORS USING SAME

The invention relates to a composite structure consisting of a relatively long filtration bar comprising, from the outside, an ultra-thin layer (26) that is selectively permeable to hydrogen and made from palladium or silver alloy. Said layer is disposed on a permeable, rigid, refractory substrate consisting of a more or less solid body (30) that is covered with an intermediary thin layer (28) having a relatively smooth surface. The body (30) and the intermediary layer (28) are made respectively by sintering with fine and ultra-fine Inconel grains. A rigid metallic axial structure (32) is embedded in the body (30). Veinlets (31), which are made in the body (30) through the destruction of thermo-destructible wires during sintering, increase the permeability of the substrate. The invention is particularly applicable to hydrogen-producing combustible gas processors.

ULTRAFILTRATION PURIFICATION OF GLUCOSE ISOMERASE

This invention relates to a process for the production of a purified glucose isomerase enzyme which comprises contacting an enzyme extract containing glucose isomerase and impurities with a first polysulfone membrane not normally permeable to glucose isomerase, in the presence of a salt concentration capable of selectively inducing permeation of glucose isomerase through the membrane, and obtaining a glucose isomerase containing permeate.

HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE METAL MEMBRANE MODULES AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

Membrane modules that contain one or more hydrogen-selective membranes, methods for preparing the same, and hydrogen purification systems, fuel processors and devices containing the same. In some embodiments, the membrane modules include one or more hydrogen-selective membranes supported on a screen structure, of which a variety of embodiments are disclosed. In some embodiments, the membrane or membranes are adhesively mounted on the screen structure during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a plurality of screen members adhesively mounted together during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a coating.

HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE FLUID SEPARATION DEVICE ADAPTED FOR BORESIDE FEED WHICH CONTAINS MULTIPLE CONCENTRIC STAGES

The invention is a hollow fiber membrane fluid separation device specially adapted for boreside feed which contains multiple concentric stages. 37,448C-F ...

A FILTER FOR A FLUIDS FILTRATION APPARATUS

A filter for a fluid filtration apparatus which includes a containment envelope made from a filtration medium. The envelope has an inlet, an exterior surface, an interior. The envelope is wound in a spiral configuration with the inlet end centrally positioned thereby forming a spiral filtration core. The spiral filtration core has a central feed passage that communicates with the inlet of the envelope. When mixed fluids are directed into the central feed passage, a first fluid passes through the filtration medium forming the envelope and migrates along the exterior surface of the envelope to exit the spiral filtration core, and a second fluid unable to pass through the filtration medium migrates along the interior of the envelope.

ИОН-ПЕРЕНОСЯЩАЯ МЕМБРАННАЯ СИСТЕМА

Заявленное изобретение относится к ион-переносящей мембранной системе, обеспечивающей минимизацию или, по существу, устранение присутствия таких примесей, как Si-, Cr-, Mo- и/или W-содержащих парообразных частиц, причем система содержит: (a) резервуар под давлением, содержащий внутреннюю часть, внешнюю часть, вход, входную трубу, выход и выходную трубу; (b) множество плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей, размещенных во внутренней части резервуара под давлением и расположенных последовательно, причем каждый мембранный модуль содержит смешанный металлоксидный керамический материал и имеет внутреннюю область и внешнюю область, при этом вход и выход резервуара под давлением находятся в сообщении по потоку с внешними областями мембранных модулей; (c) газовый трубопровод, имеющий внутреннюю поверхность, причем данный газовый трубопровод находится в сообщении по потоку с внутренней областью каждого из плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей и с внешней частью резервуара под давлением; ...

ОБЛИЦОВКА ДЛЯ ИОН-ПЕРЕНОСЯЩИХ МЕМБРАННЫХ СИСТЕМ

Ион-переносящая мембранная система, содержащая: (а) резервуар под давлением, содержащий внутреннюю часть, внешнюю часть, вход, входную трубу, выход и выходную трубу; (b) множество плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей, размещенных во внутренней части резервуара под давлением и расположенных последовательно, причем каждый мембранный модуль содержит смешанный металлоксидный керамический материал и имеет внутреннюю область и внешнюю область, где вход и выход резервуара под давлением находятся в сообщении по потоку с внешними областями мембранных модулей; (с) газовый трубопровод, имеющий внутреннюю поверхность, где данный газовый трубопровод находится в сообщении по потоку с внутренней областью каждого из плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей и с внешней частью резервуара под давлением; и (а) облицовку, находящуюся внутри любого элемента из входной трубы, выходной трубы и внутренней поверхности газового трубопровода.

ОБЛИЦОВКА ДЛЯ ИОН-ПЕРЕНОСЯЩИХ МЕМБРАННЫХ СИСТЕМ

Ион-переносящая мембранная система, содержащая: (а) резервуар под давлением, содержащий внутреннюю часть, внешнюю часть, вход, входную трубу, выход и выходную трубу; (b) множество плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей, размещенных во внутренней части резервуара под давлением и расположенных последовательно, причем каждый мембранный модуль содержит смешанный металлоксидный керамический материал и имеет внутреннюю область и внешнюю область, где вход и выход резервуара под давлением находятся в сообщении по потоку с внешними областями мембранных модулей; (с) газовый трубопровод, имеющий внутреннюю поверхность, где данный газовый трубопровод находится в сообщении по потоку с внутренней областью каждого из плоских ион-переносящих мембранных модулей и с внешней частью резервуара под давлением; и (а) облицовку, находящуюся внутри любого элемента из входной трубы, выходной трубы и внутренней поверхности газового трубопровода.

КОМПОЗИТ (ВАРИАНТЫ), ПРОЦЕСС ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИТНЫХ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ ПОЛЫХ ВОЛОКОН (ВАРИАНТЫ) И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИТА (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Заявленные композиты, содержащие, по крайней мере, одну нитку полого волокна из керамического материала, транспортирующего кислород, которые является керамический материал, проводящий анионы кислорода и электроны, или комбинация керамического материала, проводящая анионы кислорода, с керамическим или некерамическим материалом, проводящим электроны, где внешняя поверхность указанного полого волокна пребывает в контакте с внешней поверхностью такого самого полого волокна или другого полого волокна керамического материала, транспортирующего кислород, а точки контакта соединены путем спекания. Кроме того, данные композиты могут включать, по крайней мере, одну нитку полого волокна из керамического материала, транспортирующего кислород, которым является керамический материал, проводящий анионы кислорода и электроны, или комбинация керамического материала, проводящая анионы кислорода, с керамическим или некерамическим материалом, который проводит электроны, и, по крайней мере, один соединительный ...

УДАЛЕНИЕ ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ ПИТАЮЩЕГО ГАЗА В МЕМБРАННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ ИОННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Способ очистки газа, включающий (а) получение питающего газового потока, содержащего одну или более загрязнителей, выбранных из группы, состоящей из летучих оксигидроксидов металлов, летучих оксидов металлов и летучего гидроксида кремния; (b) контактирование питающего газового потока с активным твердым материалом в защитном слое и взаимодействие по меньшей мере части загрязнителей с активным твердым материалом, с формированием твердых продуктов реакции в защитном слое и (с) извлечение из защитного слоя очищенного потока газа.

Compact electroluminescent laminar element

HOLLOW MEMBRANES HAS CAPILLARY TUBES, MODULES OF TREATMENT OF FLUID USING THEM AND THEIR MANUFACTORING PROCESSES

The invention relates to a hollow membrane (11) comprising two support layers arranged one above the other forming a space between them and a plurality of capillary tubes arranged between the support layers forming capillary channels for the flow of a first fluid, the space between the capillary tubes forming an internal cavity for the circulation of a second fluid around the capillary tubes, and the whole assembly being made of an organic polymer.These membranes (11) can be assembled into modules for the treatment of a fluid with intermediate porous panels (13).

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW FIBRES ANISOTROPIC MINERAL AND NEW PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED, ESPECIALLY USED IN THE GAS DIFFUSION

Procédé de préparation de fibres creuses monolithiques essentiellement minérales et nouveaux produits ainsi obtenus. Dans ce procédé, on prépare une solution d'un polymère organique formant des fibres, contenant, sous forme dispersée, une matière minérale frittable, on extrude la solution de polymère à travers une filière, on forme une fibre creuse polymère, chargée de matière minérale, ayant une structure de paroi à volume de vides internes, radialement anisotrope, on traite cette fibre pour retirer le polymère organique, et on fritte la matière minérale résultante. La présente invention est particulièrement utile pour fournir des fibres creuses monolithiques notamment employées dans des électrodes pour des piles à combustible.

PROCEEDED OF PREPARATION Of ALUMINAS OR VERY DIVIDED SPINELS ALUMINE-MAGNESIE HAS HOMOGENEOUS POROUS STRUCTURE

HYDROGEN GENERATOR

A hydrogen generator capable of operating in any orientation and having no moving parts includes a catalyst retaining structure. The catalyst retaining structure is disposed in a housing and serves to separate the housing into a fuel holding portion and a hydrogen chamber. The catalyst retaining structure also includes one or more pores, each pore being in communication with the fuel holding and hydrogen chambers. A catalyst, that promotes the generation of hydrogen gas upon contact with the fuel, is disposed within the pores. The fuel enters the pores and thereupon generates hydrogen gas which passes into the hydrogen chamber. Contact of the fuel with the catalyst in the pores may be controlled and the position of the fuel-hydrogen interface within the pore may be moved so as to regulate the generation of hydrogen. The catalyst retaining structure can take different forms, including one or more hollow elongated members or plates, and may further incorporate hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS

A separation method and apparatus that separates a component from a feed stream by use of a membrane in which separation is driven, at least in part, by a sweep stream. The sweep stream may be pumped to a supercritical pressure and then heated to at least near supercritical temperature, at least in part, through heat exchange with a component laden sweep stream being discharged from the membrane. A multi-component mixture can also be used that will produce the sweep stream as a vapor as a result of the heat exchange. The component laden sweep stream, due to cooling through the indirect heat exchange, will form a two- phase fluid that can be phase separated into a vapor phase enriched in the component that can be taken as a product and a residual liquid that can be recirculated in the formation of the sweep stream in the liquid state. In one embodiment the component is hydrogen.

Hydrogen extraction unit

A hydrogen extraction unit has reformed gas flow channel plates, hydrogen separation plates, and purge gas flow channel plates, which are designed as thin metal plate members. The hydrogen extraction unit is constructed by laminating these thin plate members and then bonding them together by diffusion bonding. Each of reformed gas flow channel holes formed in the reformed gas flow channel plates constitutes a flow channel for reformed gas together with a correspondingly adjacent one of the hydrogen separation plates. Each of purge gas flow channel holes formed in the purge gas flow channel plates constitutes, together with a correspondingly adjacent one of the hydrogen separation plates, a flow channel for purge gas with which hydrogen extracted from reformed gas is mixed.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. In some embodiments, the fuel processing systems and the hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel ...

USING IONIC LIQUIDS

Carbon dioxide or other gases can be separated from gas streams using ionic liquid, such as in an electrochemical cell. For example, a membrane can contain sufficient ionic liquid to reduce ionic current density of at least one of protons and hydroxyl ions, relative to carbon-containing ionic current density. A gas stream containing carbon dioxide can be introduced on a cathode side, while a source of hydrogen gas can be introduced on the anode side of the membrane. Operation of an electrochemical cell with such a membrane can separate the carbon dioxide from the gas stream and provide it at a separate outlet.

СПОСОБ И РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО УДАЛЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА ИЗ ГАЗООБРАЗНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

... 1. Способ селективного удаления газообразного продукта (P) из газообразной системы, включающей этот продукт и другие компоненты (R1, R2), в котором газообразную систему впускают в первую среду, которая отделена от второй среды граничной стенкой, по меньшей мере часть которой формирует проницаемая мембрана (3, 300); генерируют пространственно неоднородное электрическое поле (4) между первым электродом или первой группой электродов (1, 301), расположенных в первой среде, и вторым электродом или второй группой электродов (2, 302), расположенных во второй среде, так что линии этого неоднородного электрического поля пересекают мембрану, и диэлектрофоретическая сила, генерируемая на частицах газообразного продукта (P) является движущей силой проницания через мембрану; селективно удаляют помянутый продукт (P) из первой среды и собирают во второй среде, причем частицы продукта (P) имеют постоянный электрический дипольный момент, который больше, чем электрический дипольный момент частиц других компонентов ...

DEVICE FOR MASS TRANSFER

BONDING MATERIALS FOR DIAPHRAGM REACTORS

MODULE WITH MEMBRANELEMENTEN IN CROSS FLOW AND IN DEAD-END ARRANGEMENT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CLEANED GLUKOSEISOMERASE.

A self-adhesive vent filter and adsorbent assembly with a diffusion tube

Apparatus and process for the production of hydrogen

Ion transport membrane module and vessel system with directed internal gas flow

Membrane reactor and method for the production of highly pure hydrogen gas

HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE

Fluid separation assembly

METHOD FOR FABRICATING COMPOSITE GAS SEPARATION MODULES

The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a composite gas separation module and to gas separation modules formed by the method. The present invention also relates to a method for selectively separating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen gas-containing gaseous stream. In one embodiment, the method for fabricating a composite gas separation module includes depositing a first material on a porous substrate, thereby forming a coated substrate. The coated substrate is abraded, thereby forming a polished substrate. A second material is then deposited on the polished substrate. The first material, the second material, or both the first material and the second material can include a gas-selective material. For example, the gas-selective material can include a hydrogen-selective metal, e.g., palladium, or an alloy thereof. In one embodiment, the method includes the step of forming a dense gas-selective membrane over the porous substrate. Practice of the present invention can produce gas ...

COMBINED OXYGEN SEPARATION AND POWER GENERATION METHOD

A combined method of separating oxygen and for generating power. An oxygen containing stream is compressed and oxygen is separated from the stream into permeate oxygen and an oxygen depleted retentate in an oxygen transport membrane unit (25) .An anode side (26) of the oxygen transport membrane unit (25) is purged with a pressurized purge stream (42; 42b) made up of pressurized, superheated steam. A pressurized oxygen product stream (20; 20a) is discharged from the anode side (26) of the oxygen transport membrane (25), the product comprising permeated oxygen and steam. The pressurized oxygen product stream (20; 20a) is cooled against itself or the oxygen containing stream. The pressurized oxygen product stream (20; 20a) is condensed by indirect heat transfer with a process fluid (46) that boils to allow power to be extracted from the process fluid. Condensed water (56) is separated from the oxygen product stream (20; 20a) and separated oxygen is extracted as a product (3; 3a) at pressure ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE TYPE REACTOR

A selectively permeable membrane type reactor (20), which comprises a catalyst (6) for promoting a chemical reaction, a selectively permeable membrane (8) having selective permeability for a specific component, and a carrier (22) for arranging the catalyst (6) and the selectively permeable membrane (8), wherein the carrier (22) is a cylindrical article having two or more paths (cell 26) for a gas flow being partitioned and formed by partition walls (24) comprising a porous material, and wherein the catalyst (6) is arranged in a part of two or more cells (26) of the carrier (22) and the selectively permeable membrane (8) is arranged in the residual part of the cells, separately, in a such a manner that cells containing the catalyst (6) (reaction cells 40 and 42) and cells containing the selectively permeable membrane (8) (recovering cells 38) are adjacent to each other.

FEED GAS CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN ION TRANSPORT MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

Method for gas purification comprising (a) obtaining a feed gas stream containing one or more contaminants selected from the group consisting of volatile metal oxy-hydroxides, volatile metal oxides, and volatile silicon hydroxide; (b) contacting the feed gas stream with a reactive solid material in a guard bed and reacting at least a portion of the contaminants with the reactive solid material to form a solid reaction product in the guard bed; and (c) withdrawing from the guard bed a purified gas stream.

HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE METAL MEMBRANE MODULES AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

Membrane modules that contain one or more hydrogen-selective membranes, methods for preparing the same, and hydrogen purification systems, fuel processors and devices containing the same. In some embodiments, the membrane modules include one or more hydrogen-selective membranes supported on a screen structure, of which a variety of embodiments are disclosed. In some embodiments, the membrane or membranes are adhesively mounted on the screen structure during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a plurality of screen members adhesively mounted together during assembly. In some embodiments, the screen structure includes a coating.

SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS

A separation method and apparatus that separates a component from a feed stream by use of a membrane in which separation is driven, at least in part, by a sweep stream. The sweep stream may be pumped to a supercritical pressure and then heated to at least near supercritical temperature, at least in part, through heat exchange with a component laden sweep stream being discharged from the membrane. A multi-component mixture can also be used that will produce the sweep stream as a vapor as a result of the heat exchange. The component laden sweep stream, due to cooling through the indirect heat exchange, will form a two- phase fluid that can be phase separated into a vapor phase enriched in the component that can be taken as a product and a residual liquid that can be recirculated in the formation of the sweep stream in the liquid state. In one embodiment the component is hydrogen.

PROCESS FOR REDUCING CARBON PRODUCTION IN SOLID ELECTROLYTE IONIC CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

A process for inhibiting the formation of carbon and/or coke from a carbon-containing reactive gas stream on the permeate side of an oxygen ion transport membrane, or for increasing the oxygen partial pressure thereon, by separating a feed gas stream to form an oxygen-depleted gas stream on the retentate side and a gas stream containing oxygen reaction products on the permeate side. The permeate side is purged with the carbon-containing reactive gas stream, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas stream formed from the reaction of the reactive gas stream with the separated oxygen is recirculated to purge the permeate side.

Improvements with the hydrogen separation in gas mixtures contenantde hydrogen

COMPOSITE MEMBRANE MATERIAL FOR HYDROGEN SEPARATION AND ELEMENT FOR HYDROGEN SEPARATION EMPLOYING THE SAME

A composite membrane material characterized by comprising: a hydrogen-permeable membrane which is selectively permeable to hydrogen and has been formed by rolling into a thickness of 30 μm or smaller, in which it is difficult for the membrane by itself to retain its shape; and, disposed on either side of the hydrogen-permeable membrane, a shape-retention mesh constituted of a wire made of a material selected among high-melting metals which do not thermally diffuse into the hydrogen-permeable membrane. It is further characterized in that the shape-retention mesh and the hydrogen-permeable membrane have been superposed and pleated in an unbonded state so that they are separable and have a shape in which the hydrogen-permeable membrane has a surface area at least 3 times per unit area. This material is used to constitute an element for hydrogen separation. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

PERVAPORATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT SAME

The invention is directed to a pervaporation processes as well as to apparatuses for carrying out such processes. More in particular, the present invention is directed to improvements in pervaporation processes by improving mass transfer. According to the present invention the feed stream for a pervaporation process contains vapour and liquid. An apparatus for carrying out the process according to the invention comprises a boiler for evaporating a fraction of a liquid stream whereby a vapour stream can be obtained, a duct for combining the remaining liquid stream and said vapour to a mixture and for feeding said mixture to a pervaporation unit, which pervaporation unit comprises a membrane and a vacuum pump which is connected to the room that is on the permeate side of the membrane.

HYDROGEN PURIFICATION DEVICES, COMPONENTS, AND FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE SAME

Hydrogen purification devices, components thereof, and fuel processors and fuel cell systems containing the same. The hydrogen purification devices include an enclosure, such as a pressure vessel, that contains a separation assembly adapted to receive under pressure a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the enclosure is sealed without gaskets. The separation assembly includes at least one hydrogen-permeable and/or hydrogen­selective membrane, and in some embodiments the hydrogen selective membrane is permanently and directly secured to the enclosure. In some embodiments, the membrane is welded, diffusion bonded or brazed directly to the enclosure. In some embodiments a portion of the hydrogen-selective membrane forms a portion of the sealed enclosure, and, in some embodiments, an interface is formed from consumed portions of the hydrogen-selective membrane and the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THEREFOR

A method for producing hydrogen, characterized in that a hydrogen-removing means using a hydrogen separating membrane is provided in a flow reaction tube having a catalyst carried by a carrier comprising a thermally conductive metal support containing a metal oxide layer omnipresent in a surface portion thereof, a hydrocarbon having a cyclohexane ring is dehydrogenated to prepare hydrogen and an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a component mainly containing hydrogen is permeated through the hydrogen separating membrane and removed as a permeated component and a component mainly containing an aromatic hydrocarbon is obtained as a non-permeated component, while the above dehydrogenation reaction is allowed to proceed. The above method solves problems in the production of hydrogen by the dehydrogenation of a raw material oil, such as separation, a low temperature reaction and heat supply, and allows the production of hydrogen with good efficiency.

Hydrogen-purification apparatus with palladium-alloy filter coil

A hydrogen-purification filter has a closed chamber with a pure-hydrogen outlet. A coil made of thin palladium-alloy tubing is contained in this chamber and has an inlet end and an outlet end accessible from outside the chamber. This coil is of D-section so that in case a leak forms the turn of the coil containing the leak can be excised by cutting at the straight sections on both sides of the leak and the remaining coil rejoined at the straight sections.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Multi-channel body

VORRICHTUNG ZUR MASSENÜBERTRAGUNG

Hydrogen continuous production method and apparatus

... 1,195,852. Separating hydrogen by diffusion. UNION -CARBIDE CORP..6 July, (1967, No. 31165/67. Heading B1L. Hydrogen of high purity is separated from impunities present in a feedstock by passing the feed gas by line 23 to, a guard chamber 25 filled with an adsorbent, e.g. a molecular sieve, then by lines 27 and 31 to a conditioner 33 containing a hydrogenation or a combined hydrogenation-deoxygenation catalyst, before heating the stream in heater 37 and passing the heated stream, at a temperature adequate for diffusion, e.g. about 400‹C., by line 39 .to elongated diffuser 43 where the stream is caused to impinge on the 'palladium or palladium alloy foil surfaces of a number of diffusion drum elements. Pure hydrogen which diffuses through these surfaces is taken from the elements by line 89, and depleted feedstock by .line 87. Suitably, both take-off streams are passed in indirect heat exchange with feedstock in a heat exchanger 3.9. In Figs. 2-4 (not shown), constructional details of the ...

HOLLOW FIBER DIAPHRAGM SEPARATING EQUIPMENT FOR FLUIDS SUITABLY FOR CAVITY-LATERAL SUPPLY AND WITH SEVERAL CONCENTRIC STAGES.

Mass transfer method and apparatus

HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE FLUID SEPARATION DEVICE ADAPTED FOR BORESIDE FEED WHICH CONTAINS MULTIPLE CONCENTRIC STAGES

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN

Composite ceramic hollow fibres method for production and use thereof

The invention relates to composites, comprising at least one hollow fibre, made from an oxygen-transporting ceramic material which is a combination of oxygen anion and electron-conducting ceramic material, or a combination of oxygen anion conducting ceramic material and electron-conducting ceramic or non-ceramic material, whereby the outer surface of the hollow fibre is in contact with the outer surface of the same or a different hollow fibre and the contact points are connected by means of sintering. Further composites contain at least one hollow fibre, made from oxygen transporting ceramic material, which is an oxygen anion and electron-conducting ceramic material, or a combination of oxygen anion conducting ceramic material and electron-conducting ceramic or non-ceramic material, with a connector element for the introduction or removal of fluids on at least one front face, whereby the hollow fibres and the connector element are connected. The composites are of application in obtaining ...

A system for collecting and utilizing atmospheric hydrogen gas

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN

... ²² The invention relates to a new and improved process ²and apparatus for the production of high purity hydrogen ²by steam reforming. The apparatus is an integrated ²flameless distributed combustion-membrane steam reforming ²(FDC-MSR) or reactor for steam reforming of a vaporizable ²hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and ²minimal CO in the H2 stream. The flameless distributed ²combustion drives the steam reforming reaction which ²provides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency ²and load following capabilities. The reactor may contain ²multiple flameless distributed combustion chambers and ²multiple hydrogen-selective, hydrogen-permeable, membrane ²tubes. The feed and reaction gases may flow through the ²reactor either radially or axially. A further embodiment ²of the invention involves producing high purity hydrogen ²by dehydrogenation using an integrated FDC-membrane de-²hydrogenation reactor. A still further embodiment of the ²invention involves a zero emission ...

HYDROGEN PURIFICATION DEVICES, COMPONENTS, AND FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE SAME

GAS SEPARATION DEVICE

Disclosed is a separation device for the separation of water vapour from a gas stream, comprising a water vapour separation membrane having a porous membrane, whose pores contain a water transfer material, the water transfer material including a first hydrophilic polymer and a second polymer which is interwoven with the first polymer.

ULTRAFILTRATION PURIFICATION OF GLUCOSE ISOMERASE

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALUMINAS OR FINELY DIVIDED ALUMINA-MAGNESIA SPINELS HAVING A HOMOGENEOUS POROUS STRUCTURE

SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS

A separation method and apparatus that separates a component from a feed stream by use of a membrane in which separation is driven, at least in part, by a sweep stream. The sweep stream may be pumped to a supercritical pressure and then heated to at least near supercritical temperature, at least in part, through heat exchange with a component laden sweep stream being discharged from the membrane. A multi--component mixture can also be used that will produce the sweep stream as a vapor as a result of the heat ex-change. The component laden sweep stream, due to cooling through the indirect heat exchange, will form a two- phase fluid that can be phase separated into a vapor phase enriched in the component that can be taken as a product and a residual liquid that can be re-circulated in the formation of the sweep stream in the liquid state. In one embodiment the component is hy-drogen.

MASS TRANSFER METHOD AND APPARATUS

The invention relates to a method for transferring mass between a flow of a first fluid, preferably a gas phase such as a combustion flue gas, and a flow of a second fluid, preferably a liquid phase, where the first fluid is contacted with the outer surface of porous (semi-permeable) membranes, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon ) membranes, in the form of hollow fibres having gas-containing pores and contacting the second fluid with the inner surface of the membranes. Useful membranes are characterized in that they e.g. have a porosity (.epsilon.) of at least 0.50, a mass transfer coefficient of e.g. at least 3 cm/s, and a tortuosity factor of e.g. at the most 1.4/.epsilon. when the porosity .epsilon. is lower than 0.80 and at the most 1.3/.epsilon. when the porosity .epsilon. is 0.80 or higher. The membranes may also be arranged in hollow tubular members where the mass transfer coefficient of the membranes is at least one tenth of the mass transfer coefficient of the gas phase ...

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Process for Selective Removal of a Product from a Gaseous System

A process for selective removal of a gaseous product (P) from a gaseous system comprising said product and other components (R 1 , R 2 ), wherein the gaseous system is admitted to a first environment, which is separated from a second environment by a boundary wall, and a permeation membrane ( 3, 300 ) forms at least part of said boundary wall; a spatially non-uniform electric field ( 4 ) is generated between a first electrode or first plurality of electrodes ( 1, 301 ) located in the first environment and a second electrode or second plurality of electrodes ( 2, 302 ) located in the second environment, so that field lines of said non-uniform electric field cross said membrane, and a dielectrophoretic force generated on particles of said gaseous component (P) is at least part of a driving force of the permeation through said membrane, an amount of said product (P) being selectively removed from the first environment and collected in the second environment.

FILTER ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

The invention relates to a filter element () comprising a drainage element () which is arranged between two filter membranes (). According to the invention, said drainage element () is made of a non-woven filtering material which is arranged in a laminated manner between the filter membranes () respectively by means of an adhesive non-woven material (). The invention also relates to a method for producing a filter element (), a drainage element () made from a non-woven filtering material being laminated between two filter membranes (). An adhesive non-woven material () is arranged between the drainage element () and each filter membrane (), then lamination takes place due to the thermal effect under pressure. 1. A filter element comprising a drainage element arranged between two filter membranes ,wherein said drainage element is a filtering web arranged between said filter membranes each laminated thereto via an adhesive web.2. The filter element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the filtering web is formed of first fibers and second fibers claim 1 , wherein the first fibers are structural fibers and the second fibers have at least a low-melting sheath of adhesive.3. The filter element as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the structural fibers are formed of high-melting plastic claim 2 , of mineral matter or of natural fibers.4. The filter element as claimed in claim 2 ,wherein the structural fibers have linear densities between 25 dtex and 100 dtex.5. The filter element as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the second fibers have linear densities between 4 dtex and 36 dtex.6. The filter element as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the proportion of second fibers in the filtering web is between 10% and 70%.7. The filter element as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the basis weight of the drainage element is between 200 to 600 g/m claim 2 , preferably between 300 to 400 g/m.8. The filter element as claimed in claim 2 , wherein normal to a plane of the filtering web claim 2 , some of the ...

DRAINLESS REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

A drainless reverse osmosis (RO) water purification system provides relatively pure water for on-demand dispensing, while recycling brine to a domestic hot water system. The drainless purification system includes a pre-filter catalyst cartridge for removing chlorine-based contaminants from a tap water supply upstream from an RO membrane. The catalyst is regularly refreshed by a high through-flow of water to a conventional cold water dispense faucet, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the RO membrane. The RO membrane is incorporated into a multi-cartridge unit adapted for facilitated slide-out removal and replacement as needed. A control valve recycles brine from the RO membrane to the hot water system during pure water production, and recirculates tap water through the RO membrane when a pure water reservoir is substantially filled. The multi-cartridge unit may further include an air filtration system for providing a flow of filtered air. 1. A water purification system , comprising:a water inflow port receiving a water inflow from a water supply system;a first filter coupled between the water inflow port and the water supply system, the first filter filtering the water inflow to provide pre-filtered water;a cartridge filter unit configuration receiving the pre-filtered water and filtering the pre-filtered water by at least one of a particulate filter and a reverse osmosis filter, the cartridge filter unit configuration providing purified water and coupled to a purified water outflow port;a water monitoring system including a water quality monitor circuit and at least one water quality sensor, the water quality monitor circuit monitoring water quality of at least one of the water inflow from the water supply and the purified water, the water quality monitor circuit further including at least one indicator indicating water quality of the at least one of the water inflow from the water supply and the purified water, the water monitoring system further ...

PARALLEL TUBULAR MEMBRANES WITH RESILIENT WIRE SUPPORT STRUCTURE

A filter module comprising a plurality of essentially parallel tubular membranes, the tubular membranes comprising a porous tube wall that functions as a filtering membrane, wherein the module comprises a support structure for supporting the tubular membranes, the support structure comprising an open three-dimensional network of stable shape consisting of stiff wires or fibers, the support structure being shaped such that it comprises open parallel tubes or parts of tubes that envelope each of the tubular membranes at least partly over at least a part of its length, in such a way that a tube or part of a tube of the support structure supports at least one tubular membrane. 1. A filter module comprising a plurality of essentially parallel tubular membranes , the tubular membranes comprising a porous wall that functions as a filtering membrane , wherein the module comprises a support structure for supporting the tubular membranes , the support structure comprising an open three-dimensional network of self-supporting stable shape formed by resilient wires or fibers , the support structure being shaped such that it comprises open parallel tubes or parts of tubes , that envelope each of the tubular membranes at least partly over at least a part of its length , in such a way that a tube or part of a tube of the support structure supports at least one tubular membrane.2. The filter module according to claim 1 , wherein the network comprises woven or braided wires.3. The filter module according to claim 1 , wherein the network comprises bonded wires or fibers.4. The filter module according to claim 1 , wherein in the support structure each of the parallel open tubes is connected with at least one adjacent tube claim 1 , the connection being part of the open network of stable shape.5. The filter module according to claim 4 , wherein the connection is arranged such that adjacent tubes of the support structure are spaced apart.6. The filter module according to claim 1 , ...

CENTRIFUGAL AIR SEPARATORS

Methods of recirculating clean air in an atmosphere of an enclosure comprise directing an input air stream from the atmosphere of the enclosure through a coiled duct at a rate sufficient to stratify the input air stream within the coiled duct according to a molecular weight of components of the input air stream and to form a heavy fraction stream and a light fraction stream, wherein the heavy fraction stream is relatively enriched in carbon dioxide as compared to the light fraction stream; withdrawing the heavy fraction stream from the coiled duct; and returning the light fraction stream from the coiled duct to the atmosphere of the enclosure. 1. A method of recirculating clean air in an atmosphere of an enclosure , the method comprising:directing an input air stream from the atmosphere of the enclosure through a number of coiled ducts at a rate sufficient to stratify the input air stream within each coiled duct according to a molecular weight of gaseous components of the input air stream and to form a heavy fraction stream and a light fraction stream, wherein the heavy fraction stream is relatively enriched in carbon dioxide as compared to the light fraction stream;withdrawing the heavy fraction stream from the number of coiled ducts;returning the light fraction stream from the number of coiled ducts to the atmosphere of the enclosure; andcontrolling a level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the enclosure by selecting the number of coiled ducts.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling includes selecting the number of coiled ducts based upon a number of people within the enclosure.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling includes selecting the number of coiled ducts based upon a level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the enclosure.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling includes selecting the number of coiled ducts based upon a level of carbon dioxide in the input air stream.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling includes ...

CATALYTIC MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO HYDROGEN

A two-reactor catalytic system including a catalytic membrane gasification reactor and a catalytic membrane water gas shift reactor. The catalytic system, for converting biomass to hydrogen gas, features a novel gasification reactor containing both hollow fiber membranes that selectively allow Oto permeate therethrough and a catalyst that facilitates tar reformation. Also disclosed is a process of converting biomass to H2. The process includes the steps of, among others, introducing air into a hollow fiber membrane; mixing the Opermeating through the hollow fiber membrane and steam to react with biomass to produce syngas and tar; and reforming the tar in the presence of a catalyst to produce more syngas. 1. A catalytic membrane system for converting biomass to H , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a gasification reactor disposed in which are one or more hollow fiber membranes for receiving air, one or more first containers, and a first catalyst confined in the one or more first containers, the one or more hollow fiber membranes selectively allowing O, not N, to permeate therethrough and the first catalyst capable of facilitating a reaction between the tar and steam,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'whereby, upon introduction of both air, through the one or more hollow fiber membranes, and steam, directly, to the gasification reactor, biomass placed in the gasification reactor reacts with steam and the Opermeating through the one or more hollow fiber membranes to produce tar and a syngas containing Hand CO; and the tar thus produced, in the presence of the first catalyst, reacts with the steam to produce more syngas containing Hand CO.'}2. The catalytic membrane system of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a water gas shift reactor disposed in which are one or more second containers, a second catalyst confined in the one or more second containers, and one or more hollow metal-based membranes, the second catalyst capable of facilitating a reaction between a ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TREATING A SWITCHABLE POLARITY MATERIAL, AND RELATED METHODS OF LIQUID TREATMENT

A method of treating a switchable polarity material comprises introducing a first feed stream comprising a solvent and a non-polar form of the switchable polarity material to a first side of a gas diffusion membrane. A second feed stream comprising an acid gas is introduced to a second side of the gas diffusion membrane opposing the first side of the gas diffusion membrane. Molecules of the acid gas of the second feed stream are diffused across the gas diffusion membrane and into the first feed stream to form a product stream comprising a polar form of the switchable polarity material. A treatment system for a switchable polarity material, and a method of liquid treatment are also described. 1. A method of treating a switchable polarity material comprising:introducing a first feed stream comprising a solvent and a non-polar form of the switchable polarity material to a first side of a gas diffusion membrane;introducing a second feed stream comprising an acid gas to a second side of the gas diffusion membrane opposing the first side of the gas diffusion membrane; anddiffusing molecules of the acid gas of the second feed stream across the gas diffusion membrane and into the first feed stream to form a product stream comprising a polar form of the switchable polarity material.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:selecting the solvent of the first feed stream to comprise one or more of water, an alcohol, and a material having at least one hydroxyl functional group; andselecting the non-polar form of the switchable polarity material of the first feed stream to comprise one or more of an amine compound, an amidine compound, and a guanidine compound.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein selecting the non-polar form of the switchable polarity material of the first feed stream to comprise one or more of an amine compound claim 2 , an amidine compound claim 2 , and a guanidine compound comprises selecting the non-polar form of the switchable polarity material to ...

Tubular filter membrane element and method for the production thereof

In order to produce a tubular filter membrane element for microfiltration purposes, a plastic section of a small membrane tube is sealed at one axial end thereof and is fitted with a plastic adapter piece at the opposite end. The adapter piece is injection-molded onto the section of the small membrane tube and is preferably welded thereto. The section of the small membrane tube is sealed at the one axial end thereof by bringing this end into contact with a hot stamp.

Hardness reduction filter

A hardness reduction filter is provided. The hardness reduction filter may include a filter housing having a space formed therein, a filter provided in the space of the filter housing to filter out foreign materials from water flowing into the filter housing, and hardness reduction catalysts provided between the filter housing and the filter and configured to perform at least one of removing a hard water material contained in the water or preventing formation of a scale inducing material in the water flowing into the filter housing.

Process for reducing carbon production in solid electrolyte ionic conductor systems

A process for inhibiting the formation of carbon and/or coke from a carbon-containing reactive gas stream on the permeate side of an oxygen ion transport membrane, or for increasing the oxygen partial pressure thereon, by separating a feed gas stream to form an oxygen-depleted gas stream on the retentate side and a gas stream containing oxygen reaction products on the permeate side. The permeate side is purged with the carbon-containing reactive gas stream, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas stream formed from the reaction of the reactive gas stream with the separated oxygen is recirculated to purge the permeate side.

Patent FR2506748B1

Totally enclosed liquid permselective membrane

filter for reducing water hardness

본 발명에 따른 경도저감필터는 내측에 수용공간을 형성하는 필터 하우징과, 상기 필터 하우징의 수용공간에 마련되어, 필터 하우징 내부로 유입된 원수의 이물질을 걸러내는 여과부재와, 상기 필터 하우징과 상기 여과부재 사이에 마련되어, 상기 필터 하우징 내부로 유입된 원수에 존재하는 경도성 물질 또는 스케일 유발 물질을 제거하는 경도저감촉매를 포함하여 구성된다. The hardness reduction filter according to the present invention includes a filter housing forming an accommodating space therein, a filtration member provided in the accommodating space of the filter housing to filter foreign substances from raw water introduced into the filter housing, and the filter housing and the filtration. It is provided between the members, and comprises a hardness reducing catalyst for removing the hardness material or scale-inducing material present in the raw water introduced into the filter housing.

Flexible hollow fiber fluid separation module

The present invention is a fluid separation module having improved permeate flow characteristics and improved space/volume requirements. Such modules comprise a hollow fiber bundle, a first and optional second tubesheet, an optional casing, a feed inlet, a permeate outlet, and a non-permeate outlet. The module is coiled, curved or bent into a useful non-linear shape which reduces the space requirements for the module essentially without diminishing the effectiveness of the fluid separation. The feed fluid is introduced to the module either in a boreside or a shellside manner. Coil, french horn, spiral or U-shaped configuration or combinations thereof are useful.

Hydrogen-purification apparatus with palladium-alloy filter coil

A hydrogen-purification filter has a closed chamber with a pure-hydrogen outlet. A coil made of thin palladium-alloy tubing is contained in this chamber and has an inlet end and an outlet end accessible from outside the chamber. This coil is of D-section so that in case a leak forms the turn of the coil containing the leak can be excised by cutting at the straight sections on both sides of the leak and the remaining coil rejoined at the straight sections.

Membrane element and membrane apparatus for extracting super-pure hydrogen from gaseous hydrogen-containing mixtures

A membrane element (1) for extracting super-pure hydrogen comprises hydrogen-permeable membranes (2) of an alloy based on palladium, an outlet tube (4) for letting out the hydrogen, and a drainage support (1a). A part of the outlet tube (4) is located between the membranes (2) near one of their edges (3), essentially along the whole length of the drainage support (1a) and is embraced, from outside, by that support (1a), so as to form, at a certain distance from the tube (4), a thickened section (6). A membrane apparatus comprises a casing (9) with a tube wall (14) and a sleeve (15) mounted under the latter and provided with perforated walls (16). In the sleeve (15) are located a collector (20) passing through the bottom of the latter and intended for the spent gaseous mixture and said membrane elements (1), each of them being directed inside the sleeve (15) by its edge (21) opposite to the outlet tube (4).

Composite hydrogen separation element and module

There are disclosed improvements in multicomponent composite metal membranes useful for the separation of hydrogen, the improvements comprising the provision of at least one common-axis hole through all components of the composite membrane and the provision of a gas-tight seal around the periphery of the hole or holes through a coating metal layer of the membrane.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen separation membrane, hydrogen separation unit, and manufacturing method for hydrogen separation membrane

There is provided a hydrogen separation membrane capable of providing high hydrogen permeability and accommodating an increase in pressure difference, a hydrogen separation unit, and a manufacturing method for a hydrogen separation membrane. The hydrogen separation unit 1 has a hydrogen separation membrane 10 and a metallic porous support sheet 20 attached to the hydrogen separation membrane 10 . By forming a plurality of pits in the surface of the hydrogen separation membrane 10 , a thick-wall portion 15 having a large thickness and a thin-wall portion 16 having a small thickness are provided on the hydrogen separation membrane 10 . Also, as a method for forming pits i.e. thin-wall portions 16 , etching process is used.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. In some embodiments, the fuel processing systems and the hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen continuous production method and apparatus

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. In some embodiments, the fuel processing systems and the hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. In some embodiments, the fuel processing systems and the hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Hydrogen separation membrane, hydrogen separation unit, and manufacturing method for hydrogen separation membrane

There is provided a hydrogen separation membrane capable of providing high hydrogen permeability and accommodating an increase in pressure difference, a hydrogen separation unit, and a manufacturing method for a hydrogen separation membrane. The hydrogen separation unit 1 has a hydrogen separation membrane 10 and a metallic porous support sheet 20 attached to the hydrogen separation membrane 10 . By forming a plurality of pits in the surface of the hydrogen separation membrane 10 , a thick-wall portion 15 having a large thickness and a thin-wall portion 16 having a small thickness are provided on the hydrogen separation membrane 10 . Also, as a method for forming pits i.e. thin-wall portions 16 , etching process is used.

Process gas purification and fuel cell system

(57)【要約】 【課題】 混合ガス流からガスを分離するための装置及び方法を含むプロセスガス精製システムを提供する。 【解決手段】 混合流から生成物を分離するためのモジュール（２１４：図５参照）は、入口及び出口手段を有し、混合流用の第１流路を画成する混合流チャンバと、入口及び出口手段を有し、第１流路の方向とは実質的に向流方向のパージ／生成物流用の第２流路を画成するパージ／生成物流チャンバと、混合流チャンバとパージ／生成物流チャンバとの間に配置され、生成物に対して選択的に透過性の膜とを含む。燃料電池システムにおいて、燃料と空気とを混合し、燃料−空気混合物を燃焼し、水素含有量が高い燃料流を発生するためのバーナーモジュール（２１０）と、このバーナーモジュールが発生した水素燃料を使用して動力／エネルギーを発生するための水素燃料電池（２５０）と、この燃料電池で使用するために水素燃料をバーナーモジュールから抜き出すため、バーナーモジュールと燃料電池との間に設けられ、性能を高めるためにパージガスを使用した水素精製モジュール（２１４）と、バーナーモジュールが発生した、燃料電池が直ちには必要としない水素燃料を貯蔵するための水素貯蔵手段（２５４）と、燃料電池の水素要求が、バーナーモジュールで発生した水素の量よりも大きい場合に、貯蔵された水素燃料を貯蔵手段から燃料電池に供給するための手段とを含む、燃料電池システムもまた開示されている。

Composite membrane material for hydrogen separation and element for hydrogen separation employing the same

수소를 선택적으로 투과하고, 단체로는 형상 유지가 어려운 두께 30 ㎛ 이하로 압연 성형된 수소 투과막과, 이 수소 투과막의 어느 일면측에 배치되고, 이 수소 투과막과의 사이에서 가열 확산을 발생시키지 않는 고융점 금속으로부터 선택된 선재로 구성되어 이루어지는 보형 메쉬를 구비하며, 이 보형 메쉬와 상기 수소 투과막은 비결합 상태에서의 적층과 주름 잡기 가공에 의해, 분리 가능하고 단위 면적당 상기 수소 투과막의 표면적 비가 3배 이상의 대면적으로 성형된 것을 특징으로 한다. 이것을 이용함으로써 수소 분리용 엘리먼트를 구성한다. The hydrogen permeable membrane is selectively permeable and is roll-molded to a thickness of 30 μm or less, which is difficult to maintain its shape alone, and is disposed on any one side of the hydrogen permeable membrane to generate heat diffusion between the hydrogen permeable membrane. And a prosthetic mesh composed of a wire rod selected from a high melting point metal which is not made, wherein the prosthetic mesh and the hydrogen permeable membrane are separable by lamination and crimping in an unbonded state, and the surface area ratio of the hydrogen permeable membrane per unit area is separated. It is characterized by being molded three times more area. By using this, the element for hydrogen separation is comprised.

Method for catalytically reforming hydrogen-containing carbonaceous feed-stocks by simultaneous abstractions through a membrane selectively permeable to hydrogen

High-temperature, steam-selective membrane

A high-temperature, steam-selective membrane (100) for adding steam to or removing steam from various types of chemical reactions is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, such a membrane includes a polymer layer (102) exhibiting high selectivity to the transport of steam relative to other gas species. The polymer layer (102) is sandwiched between substantially rigid porous layers (104a and104b) that are steam permeable. The rigid porous layers substantially (104a and 104b) immobilize the polymer layer (102) and reduce the tendency of the polymer layer (102) to shrink and/or expand in response to changes in temperature or humidity. The rigid porous layers (104a and 104b) may also retain water to keep the polymer layer (102) moist. The physical support and moisture retention provided by the rigid porous layers (104a and 104b) enable the polymer layer (102) to operate in a temperature range of about 100°C to 500°C.

Gas separation device

Disclosed is a separation device for the separation of water vapor from a gas stream, comprising a water vapor separation membrane having a porous membrane, whose pores contain a water transfer material, the water transfer material including a first hydrophilic polymer and a second polymer which is interwoven with the first polymer.

Process gas purification and fuel cell system

혼합 흐름으로부터 생성물을 분리하기 위한 모듈(214; 도 5를 참조)은 유입 수단 및 유출 수단을 구비하고 혼합 흐름을 위한 제1 흐름 경로를 형성하는 혼합 흐름실, 유입 수단 및 유출 수단을 구비하고 정화/생성물 가스 흐름을 위한 제2 흐름 경로를 형성하며 그 제2 흐름 경로가 제1 흐름 경로의 방향에 대해 실질적으로 역류 방향으로 되는 정화/생성물 흐름실, 및 혼합 흐름실과 정화/생성물 흐름실과의 사이에 배치되고 선택적으로 생성물을 투과할 수 있는 격막을 포함한다. 또한, 연료와 공기의 혼합물을 혼합 및 연소하여 수소가 농축된 연료 흐름을 생성하기 위한 버너 모듈(210), 버너 모듈에 의해 생성된 수소 연료를 사용하여 파워/에너지를 생성하기 위한 수소 연료 전지(250), 버너 모듈과 연료 전지와의 사이에 배치되어 버너 모듈로부터 연료 전지에 사용하기 위한 수소 연료를 추출하는 역할을 하고 그 성능의 향상을 위해 정화 가스를 사용하는 수소 정화 모듈(214), 버너 모듈에 의해 생성되고 연료 전지에 의해 즉각적으로 요구되지 않는 수소 연료를 저장하기 위한 수소 저장 수단(254), 및 연료 전지에 요구되는 수소가 버너 모듈에서 생성되는 수소의 양보다 더 클 때에 저장된 수소 연료를 저장 수단으로부터 연료 전지로 공급하기 위한 수단을 포함하는 연료 전지 시스템을 개시한다.

Porous body

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Ceramic/metal composite article, composite structure for transporting oxide ion, and composite article having sealing property

本发明确立在800℃以上的高温区域，能容易地形成密封、而且可靠性及热循环特性优异的密封技术，提供可很好地用于纯氧、富氧空气等的制造装置、烃气体的部分氧化为代表的隔膜反应器、固体氧化物燃料电池、氧纯化装置及热交换器等的复合体。本发明对于迄今为止密封性改善成为瓶颈、开发迟缓的广泛的领域，能够提高实用化的可能性。特别是通过应用于纯氧、富氧空气等的制造装置、烃气体的部分氧化为代表的隔膜反应器、固体氧化物燃料电池、氧纯化装置及热交换器等，能够对开发速度的提高作出大的贡献。

Method and apparatuses for gas separation

Hydrogen production method using selectively permeable membrane reactor

Alumina or alumina-magnesia spinel powder and manufacture

Reusing method of unused gas in membrane reactor

【課題】分離膜を透過し膜反応器から流出したＨ２ガスを再利用することによって、目的生成物の製造コストを低減可能な、膜反応器における未利用ガスの再利用方法を提供する。【解決手段】分離膜と、触媒が充填された非透過側の第１空間と、透過側の第２空間とを備える膜反応器の第１空間に、一酸化炭素ガス及び二酸化炭素ガスの少なくとも一方のガスと水素ガスとを含む原料ガスを導入することで反応生成物と水蒸気とを合成する、気相反応工程と、生成した反応生成物及び水蒸気の少なくとも一方が分離膜を介して第２空間に透過して分離される、生成物膜分離工程と、第２空間に掃引ガスを流通させることで第２空間に透過した水素ガスを流出させる、混合ガス流出工程と、混合ガス流出工程で流出された混合ガス中の少なくとも水素ガスを気相反応工程の原料ガス又は他プロセスの原料ガスとして利用する水素ガス再利用工程とを有する、膜反応器における未利用ガスの再利用方法。【選択図】図１

Processes using molecular sieve ssz-100

This disclosure is directed to uses for a new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-100. SSZ-100 is synthesized using a cationic nitrogen-containing organic compound having the following structure:

Ceramic catalytic membrane reactor for the separation of hydrogen and/or isotopes thereof from fluid feeds

A ceramic catalytic membrane reactor for the separation of hydrogen and/or isotopes thereof from fluid, in particular gaseous flows, comprising a tubular support (1) made of a porous ceramic material, which is coated with layers (4) of a gas-tight material at both ends thereof, and with a thin layer or film (2) of a metal or metal alloy having catalytic activity and selective permeability to hydrogen and isotopes thereof, such as Pd or Pd/Ag, on a central portion thereof, where the reaction takes place, said central portion being provided with heatingmeans (3). The seals (6) of the membrane reactor are located on the two gas-tight ends of the tubular support (1).

Process for reducing carbon production in solid electrolyte ionic conductor systems

一种抑制在阳离子迁移膜的渗透侧上由含碳反应气流形成碳和焦炭的方法，该方法还可用来提高在其上的氧气分压，该方法是通过在滞留侧分离原料气流形成的贫氧气流和在渗透侧分离含氧反应产品气流实现的。用含碳反应气流清洗渗透侧，并且再循环至少一部分由反应气流与分离的氧气反应形成的废气流以清洗渗透侧。

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF SELECTIVELY HYDROGEN PERMEABLE MEMBRANES AND FUEL GAS PROCESSORS USING THE SAME

The invention relates to a composite structure consisting of a relatively long filtration bar comprising, from the outside, an ultra-thin layer (26) that is selectively permeable to hydrogen and made from palladium or silver alloy. Said layer is disposed on a permeable, rigid, refractory substrate consisting of a more or less solid body (30) that is covered with an intermediary thin layer (28) having a relatively smooth surface. The body (30) and the intermediary layer (28) are made respectively by sintering with fine and ultra-fine Inconel grains. A rigid metallic axial structure (32) is embedded in the body (30). Veinlets (31), which are made in the body (30) through the destruction of thermo-destructible wires during sintering, increase the permeability of the substrate. The invention is particularly applicable to hydrogen-producing combustible gas processors.

Patent FR2436108B1

Essentially inorganic monolithic hollow fibers having a radially anisotropic internal void volume wall structure. Process for the production of such fibers. Apparatus and processes using such fibers.

Methods, apparatuses, and reactors for gas separation

Methods, apparatuses, and reactors to extract and purify gases from a mixed gas stream by way of a phase-conversion membrane (2000) that selectively chemical converts, absorbs, adsorbs, or dissolves a desired component gas from the mixed stream into a second phase and then chemically reconverts, desorbs, or releases the desired component gas from the second phase in purified form.

Fluid material distribution system

Bipolar ion exchange sheet and manufacturing method therefor

The present invention relates to a bipolar ion exchange sheet and a manufacturing method therefor, the bipolar ion exchange sheet comprising: a cation exchange film comprising a cation adsorption sheet and a cation exchange coating layer formed on one side of the cation adsorption sheet; and an anion exchange film comprising an anion adsorption sheet and an anion exchange coating layer formed on one side of the anion adsorption sheet, wherein the cation exchange film and the anion exchange film are bonded so that the cation exchange coating layer and the anion exchange coating layer face each other.

A process for selective removal of a product from a gaseous system

A process for selective removal of a gaseous product (P) from a gaseous system comprising said product and other components (R1, R2), wherein the gaseous system is admitted to a first environment, which is separated from a second environment by a boundary wall, and a permeation membrane (3, 300) forms at least part of said boundary wall; a spatially non-uniform electric field (4) is generated between a first electrode or first plurality of electrodes (1, 301) located in the first environment and a second electrode or second plurality of electrodes (2, 302) located in the second environment, so that field lines of said non-uniform electric field cross said membrane, and a dielectrophoretic force generated on particles of said gaseous component (P) is at least part of a driving force of the permeation through said membrane, an amount of said product (P) being selectively removed from the first environment and collected in the second environment.

Continuous separation of reaction products

A process and an apparatus for continuous separation and purification of reaction products produced in a multiphase liquid reaction mixture system in the presence of catalysts is described. The reaction products are partitioned between the phases in the multiphase system and one or more of the phases are removed continuously from the phase system and treated in an ultrafiltration unit where one or more products are separated. The apparatus include a reactor (1) for reaction in a liquid multiphase system and a connected ultrafiltration unit (11) containing a semipermeable membrane (12) for separation of produced low molecular weight reaction products. The reactor is divided into a mixing chamber (2) and a settling chamber (3) with a net (4). In operation, the stirred mixture flows continuously through the net (4) to chamber (3) where the phase separation takes place. Enzymatic conversion of starch to glucose is exemplified. <IMAGE>

Hollow membranes with capillary tubes, modules for treating fluid using same and methods for making same

The invention concerns a hollow membrane (11) comprising two support-layers arranged one above the other providing between them a plurality of capillary tubes arranged between the support-layers forming capillary channels for allowing a first liquid to flow, the space between the capillary tubes forming an internal cavity for a second liquid to circulate around the capillary tubes, and the whole assembly being constituted by an organic polymer. Said membranes (11) can be assembled into modules with porous intermediate plates (13) for treating fluid.

Method for producing fine powder of pure alumina or alumina-magnesia spinel with uniform pore structure

내용 없음

Multi-channel cross-flow porous device

A multi-channel modular device (10) processes between two fluid streams of different compositions. The device (10) includes a porous body (150) having a first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110) disposed in the body (150) for transporting a first stream (180). A pathway wall (114) surrounds each of the first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110) for processing the first stream (180) into a first composition (1852) and a second composition (1802). At least one feed­flow inlet (1101) is disposed in the body (150) for introducing the first stream (180) into the first plurality of feed-flow pathways (110). At least one feed-flow outlet (1102) is disposed in the body (150) for discharging the remaining first stream containing the second composition (1802). At least one second pathway (210) is disposed in the body (150) for transporting a second stream (280) having a second inlet (2101) and a second outlet (2102). A networked plurality of fluid conduits (152) formed in the porous body (150) provides the flow-conduit for the second stream (280) to sweep the first composition (1852) from each of the first plurality of the feed-flow pathways (110) to the second outlet (2102). A vessel (300) ports the inlets (1101 and 2101) and outlets (1102 and 2102) to provide a second stream flow access and for spacing the body within and away from the inner surfaces of the vessel (300) to provide a gap (310) for access. A partition (350) is disposed in the gap between the body and the vessel for diverting the flow within the gap (310).

Hydrogen extraction unit

Unit for hydrogen separation

Hydrogen generator

An apparatus for extracting a gas, in particular hydrogen, from a fluid stream utilizing a plate membrane flattened with a wave spring on the low pressure side of the membrane and a turbulence generator on the high pressure side. Alternately, the membrane is folded and wrapped against a central conduit within the membrane fold. Extraction membranes have a substrate layer of Ta—W, V—Co, V—Pd, V—Au, V—Cu, V—Al, Nb—Ag, Nb—Au, Nb—Pt, Nb—Pd, V—Ni—Co, V—Ni—Pd, V—Nb—Pt or V—Pd—Au alloy or combination thereof and a first layer affixed to the outer surface of the substrate towards a mixed gas flow which is composed of palladium, platinum, rhodium, or palladium alloys.

Single stage membrane reactor for high purity hydrogen production

Hydrogen generating method and apparatus. The apparatus comprises a mixed phase protonic-electron conducting cermet membrane (2), wherein said membrane is coated with porous metal or composite catalyst (1) effective to decompose hydrocarbon and water reactants into a hydrogen-rich syngas at elevated temperature and pressure. The hydrogen ions are continuously withdrawn in situ by diffusing them through the mixed phase conducting cermet membrane (2) to the second membrane side where the hydrogen ions can be reconstituted into molecular hydrogen with a supply of electrons. The method favorably shifts the equilibrium of steam reforming and water gas shift reaction by use a single stage, high efficiency and high purity membrane reactor.

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Multi-channel cross-flow porous device

A multi-channel modular device ( 10 ) processes between two fluid streams of different compositions. The device ( 10 ) includes a porous body ( 150 ) having a first plurality of feed-flow pathways ( 110 ) disposed in the body ( 150 ) for transporting a first stream ( 180 ). A pathway wall ( 114 ) surrounds each of the first plurality of feed-flow pathways ( 110 ) for processing the first stream ( 180 ) into a first composition ( 1852 ) and a second composition ( 1802 ). At least one feed-flow inlet ( 1101 ) is disposed in the body ( 150 ) for introducing the first stream ( 180 ) into the first plurality of feed-flow pathways ( 110 ). At least one feed-flow outlet ( 1102 ) is disposed in the body ( 150 ) for discharging the remaining first stream containing the second composition ( 1802 ). At least one second pathway ( 210 ) is disposed in the body ( 150 ) for transporting a second stream ( 280 ) having a second inlet ( 2101 ) and a second outlet ( 2102 ). A networked plurality of fluid conduits ( 152 ) formed in the porous body ( 150 ) provides the flow-conduit for the second stream ( 280 ) to sweep the first composition ( 1852 ) from each of the first plurality of the feed-flow pathways ( 110 ) to the second outlet ( 2102 ). A vessel ( 300 ) ports the inlets ( 1101 and 2101 ) and outlets ( 1102 and 2102 ) to provide a second stream flow access and for spacing the body within and away from the inner surfaces of the vessel ( 300 ) to provide a gap ( 310 ) for access. A partition ( 350 ) is disposed in the gap between the body and the vessel for diverting the flow within the gap ( 310 ).

Module with membrane elements in cross-flow and in a dead-end arrangement

Membrane module for substance-specific treatment of fluids, in which are arranged first and second membrane elements ( 1, 2 ) with one end pointing toward a distribution space ( 8 ) and the other toward a collection space ( 9 ), each having a cavity ( 10,11 ) formed by the membrane wall. The first membrane elements ( 1 ) have their ends embedded in sealing compounds ( 4, 5 ) such that their cavities are open and open into the distribution space ( 8 ) and collection space ( 9 ). The second membrane elements ( 2 ) are also embedded in the sealing compound ( 5 ) at the end pointing toward the collection space ( 9 ), their cavities opening into the collection space, but are closed at the end pointing toward the distribution space ( 8 ). The fluid to be treated flows through the first membrane elements ( 1 ) in cross-flow mode. In the process, part of the fluid passes through the membrane wall as a permeate, which then passes through the second membrane elements ( 2 ) in dead-end mode. The retentate leaving the first membrane elements ( 1 ) and the permeate conducted through the second membrane elements ( 2 ) are combined within the membrane module and removed from it as treated fluid. The substance-specific treatment is carried out on the permeate.

Filter element and method for the production thereof

The invention relates to a filter element (1) comprising a drainage element (2) which is arranged between two filter membranes (3). According to the invention, said drainage element (2) is made of a non-woven filtering material which is arranged in a laminated manner between the filter membranes (3) respectively by means of an adhesive non-woven material (4). The invention also relates to a method for producing a filter element (1), a drainage element (2) made from a non-woven filtering material being laminated between two filter membranes (3). An adhesive non-woven material (4) is arranged between the drainage element (2) and each filter membrane (3), then lamination takes place due to the thermal effect under pressure.

Process and reactors for selective removal of a product from a gaseous system

Hydrogen purifier module and method for forming the same

A hydrogen purifier utilizing a hydrogen permeable membrane, and a gas-tight seal, where the seal is uses a low temperature melting point metal, which upon heating above the melting point subsequently forms a seal alloy with adjacent metals, where the alloy has a melting point above the operational temperature of the purifier. The purifier further is constructed such that a degree of isolation exists between the metal that melts to form the seal and the active area of the purifier membrane, so that the active area of the purifier membrane is not corrupted. A method of forming a hydrogen purifier utilizing a hydrogen permeable membrane with a seal of the same type is also disclosed.

GAS SEPARATION PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS

Procedimiento para aislar un componente gaseoso de una corriente gaseosa mixta comprendiendo las etapas de: proporcionar una hoja de alimentación de membrana de partición (30B), una hoja de barrido de membrana de partición (30A) y una membrana de fluido de conversión de fase (2000) comprendiendo un medio acuoso que contiene un catalizador enzimático, con la hoja de alimentación de membrana de partición (30B) apilada sobre la hoja de barrido de la membrana de partición (30A) y un espacio definido entre la hoja de alimentación de la membrana de partición (30B) y la hoja de barrido de la membrana de partición (30A) y cuyo espacio incluye la membrana de fluido de conversión de fase (2000); poner en contacto la corriente gaseosa mixta con la hoja de alimentación de membrana de partición (30B) para separar dicho componente gaseoso de la corriente gaseosa mixta para producir un permeado que incluye el componente gaseoso; convertir el permeado en una especie iónica soluble en el medio acuoso mediante conversión química utilizando dicha membrana fluida de conversión de fase (2000) y su catalizador para efectuar una segunda etapa de purificación y aislamiento del permeado de la corriente de gas mixto; y liberar el componente gaseoso de la segunda etapa mediante una reconversión química y una desorción química, en la cual componente gaseoso se purifica. Method for isolating a gaseous component from a mixed gas stream comprising the steps of: providing a partition membrane feed sheet (30B), a partition membrane scan sheet (30A) and a phase conversion fluid membrane ( 2000) comprising an aqueous medium containing an enzymatic catalyst, with the partition membrane feed sheet (30B) stacked on the scan sheet of the partition membrane (30A) and a defined space between the membrane feed sheet partition (30B) and the scanning membrane of the partition membrane (30A) and whose space includes the phase conversion fluid membrane (2000); contacting the mixed gaseous stream with the ...

Hydrogen purification devices, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification devices, components thereof, and fuel processor and fuel cell systems containing the same. The hydrogen purification devices utilize one or more hydrogen-selective membranes to purify a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases. The devices may include components having coefficients of thermal expansion and/or other properties that more closely resemble the properties of the membranes than conventional components. The components may include at least one of the enclosure, a membrane support, a structure that contacts the membrane and a mounting frame for the membrane. The enclosure may include end plates configured to resist leakage and/or otherwise remain structurally sound at elevated temperatures and pressures, including thermal cycling. The enclosure may include a perimeter shell extending between the end plates, and the shell may include a portion integrally formed with at least one of the end plates, thereby reducing the number of seals in the enclosure.

Selectively permeable membrane type reactor

Tubular monolithic membrane module

Integrated separation and preparation process

본 발명은 다공성 격막을 통한 제 1 성분의 스위핑 성분 스트림으로의 확산에 의해 성분 혼합물로부터 제 1 성분의 분리가 이루어지는 기체 분리 공정; 및 스위핑 성분이 공급물로서 사용되는 제조 공정을 포함하는 통합적 분리 및 제조 방법을 제공한다. 이러한 방법에 사용하기 위한 분리 유닛 및 장치, 그리고 이러한 방법에 사용하기 위한 산업용 설비도 제공한다. 다공성 격막, 스위핑 성분, 스트림, 부산물, 챔버, 유입구, 유출구, 흡착, 멤브레인, 격실

System and method for adjusting the gas concentration lwevel in internal ambience

一种适合于调节内部空间中的二氧化碳浓度的电化学装置，包含具有接收含有二氧化碳的馈入气体的入口的阴极腔室。所述阴极腔室中的还原催化剂层还原所述气体中的二氧化碳以形成离子载体物质。具有出口的阳极腔室输出包括二氧化碳的气体。固体电解质膜将所述阳极腔室与所述阴极腔室隔开，且在所述阴极腔室与所述阳极腔室之间传输所述离子载体物质。所述膜包含离子液体。所述阳极腔室中的氧化催化剂层将所述离子载体物质氧化以形成二氧化碳。电压源提供跨越所述膜的电压差。

Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same

Hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. The hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.

Solid membrane module

Liners for ion transport membrane systems

Ceramic-metal composite body, composite structure for transporting oxide ion, and composite body having sealing property

A sealing technique is established in which a seal can be easily formed and which is excellent in reliability and a heat cycle property in a high temperature region of 800 °C or higher, so as to provide a composite body preferably used for a device for producing pure oxygen, oxygen-rich air, and the like, a membrane reactor represented by that for partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon gas, a solid oxide fuel cell, an oxygen purification device, a heat exchanger, or the like. The present invention makes it possible to increase a possibility of practical use in a wide area which has been delayed in development owing to a bottleneck of improvement in a sealing property. Particularly, its application to the device for producing pure oxygen, oxygen-rich air, or the like, the membrane reactor represented by that for partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon gas, the solid oxide fuel cell, the oxygen purification device, the heat exchanger, or the like can greatly contribute to acceleration of the development.

Solid-state membrane module

본 발명은 조밀한 혼합된 전도성 산화물층을 가지는 하나 이상의 막 유닛, 조밀층 및 조밀층과 인접한 하나 이상의 다공성층 및 슬롯층을 포함하는 하나 이상의 도관 또는 매너폴드를 포함하는 고체막 모듈을 개시한다. 고체막 모듈은 공급 스트림으로부터 임의의 이온성 성분을 분리하는 것을 포함하는 다양한 방법을 수행하는 데 사용될 수 있으며, 이때 이러한 이온성 성분은 막 모듈을 구성하는 막 유닛의 조밀한 혼합된 전도성 산화물층을 통해 이송될 수 있다. 구축의 용이함을 위해, 막 유닛은 평면일 수 있다. 고체막, 모듈, 조밀층, 다공성층

Process for the production of high-purity hydrogen gas with a membrane reactor and a pretreatment step

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinem Wasserstoffgas mit einem Membranreaktor aus einem Kohlenwasserstoffstrom und Wasserdampf einschließlich einer hydrierenden Vorbehandlung des Kohlenwasserstoffstroms gemäß der deutschen Patentanmeldung 10040539.8. DOLLAR A Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, im Vorbehandlungschritt des Verfahrens gemäß Hauptpatent ein Kohlenwasserstoffgemisch zu verwenden, das unter Zugabe von Wasserstoff sich an einem Katalysator weitgehend zu n-Paraffinen umsetzen läßt. Die Reaktionswärme, die durch die Hydrierung entsteht, so bemessen ist, dass unter adiabatischen Bedingungen eine vorher definierte Zieltemperatur des austretenden Produktstroms erreicht wird. DOLLAR A Die Aufgabe wurde gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinem Wasserstoffgas mit einem Membranreaktor aus einem Kohlenwasserstoffstrom und Wasserdampf mittels Steam-Reforming gemäß Hauptpatent sowie einen Vorbehandlungsschritt zur hydrierenden Behandlung des Kohlenwasserstoffstroms, der aus einem Kohlenwasserstoffgemisch besteht, unter gleichzeitiger Erzeugung von n-Paraffinen, wobei das Kohlenwasserstoffgemisch einen so bemessenen Anteil hydrierbarer Kohlenwasserstoffe enthält, daß die im Vorbehandlungsschritt entstehende Hydrierwärme ausreicht, um den Vorbehandlungsschritt ablaufen zu lassen und den die Vorbehandlung verlassenden Kohlenwasserstoffstrom auf die gewünschte Zieltemperatur zu bringen. The invention relates to a method for producing high-purity hydrogen gas with a membrane reactor from a hydrocarbon stream and water vapor, including a hydrogenating pretreatment of the hydrocarbon stream according to German patent application 10040539.8. DOLLAR A The object of the invention is to use in the pretreatment step of the process according to the main patent a hydrocarbon mixture which can be largely converted to n-paraffins on a catalyst with the addition of hydrogen. The heat of reaction generated by the hydrogenation is such that a ...

Gas separation device

Solid-state membrane module

Solid-state membrane modules comprising at least one membrane unit, where the membrane unit has a dense mixed conducting oxide layer, and at least one conduit or manifold wherein the conduit or manifold comprises a dense layer and at least one of a porous layer and a slotted layer contiguous with the dense layer. The solid-state membrane modules may be used to carry out a variety of processes including the separating of any ionizable component from a feedstream wherein such ionizable component is capable of being transported through a dense mixed conducting oxide layer of the membrane units making up the membrane modules. For ease of construction, the membrane units may be planar.

Hydrogen separation apparatus and process for manufacturing the same

[PROBLEMS] To provide a hydrogen separation apparatus that has an independent hydrogen permeation membrane and is capable of inhibiting or preventing any deformation thereof and provide a process for manufacturing the hydrogen separation apparatus. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] The hydrogen separation apparatus comprises a porous support, an independent hydrogen permeation membrane provided adjacent to the porous support and a bonding member bonding the hydrogen permeation membrane with the porous support. The process for manufacturing a hydrogen separation apparatus comprises the steps of (1) providing a bonding member forming material on the surface side of a porous support intended to face an independent hydrogen permeation membrane; (2) disposing an independent hydrogen permeation membrane adjacent to the surface side of the porous support provided with the bonding member forming material; and (3) bonding the independent hydrogen permeation membrane with the porous support by means of the bonding member forming material.

Feed gas contaminant removal in ion transport membrane systems

Solid state membrane module

Det beskrives en fasttilstandsmembranmodul omfattende minst en membranenhet, der membranenheten har et tett, blandet, ledende oksidsjikt, og minst en ledning eller manifold der ledningen eller manifolden omfatter et tett sjikt og minst en av et porøst sjikt og et shsset sjikt ved siden av det tette sjiktet. Fasttilstandmembranmodulene kan benyttes for å utføre et antall prosesser inkludert separering av en hvilken som helst ioniserbar komponent fra en fødesfrøm der en slik ioniserbar komponent er i stand til å kunne fransporteres gjennom et tett, blandet ledende oksidsjikt på membranenheten som utgjør membranmodulene.

Silicone-alkylene oxide copolymers as foam control agents in ultrafiltration processes

SILICONE-ALKYLENE OXIDE COPOLYMERS AS FOAM CONTROL AGENTS TN ULTRAFILTRATION PROCESSES Abstract A silicone-alkylene oxide copolymer useful in the inhibition of foam formation in media processed by ultrafiltration processes. The copolymers consist of a polysiloxane in which well defined organic pendent groups have been hydrosilylated to the polysiloxane backbone. These copolymers display reversible aqueous solubility which is temperature dependent. They are unique in that they inhibit foam formation only above their inverse solubility temperature, i.e., cloud point, and that they do not foul, or permanently clog, untrafine filtration membranes.