ПРОТОЧНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ОМАГНИЧИВАНИЯ ПИТЬЕВОЙ ВОДЫ

Изобретение относится к пищевой промышленности, медицине, фармакологии, хозяйственно-бытовой деятельности, где очистка воды производится с применением магнитных факторов с последующим фильтрованием, и направлено на создание очищенной, омагниченной воды. Питьевую воду пропускаем между магнитопроводом и катушками подключенного выпрямительного трансформатора, при этом к выходному напряжению трансформатора подключен электродвигатель насоса, осуществляющего подачу воды в устройство. Таким образом, магнитная энергия трансформатора работающего на электродвигатель насоса проходит от первичной катушки через воду к магнитопроводу опять через воду к выходной катушке, откуда поступает в нагрузку.

ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАРБОНАТА МЕТАЛЛА В ХЛОРИД МЕТАЛЛА

ГЕНЕРАТОР ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ АЭРОЗОЛЕЙ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Объемный генератор (1) хаотичного электростатического поля с локальным усилением поля, предназначенный для обработки текучей среды, загрязненной аэрозольными частицами, под действием электростатического поля (Е) с высокими локальными изменениями амплитуды и ориентации, содержащий a) модуль (2), приспособленный для индуцирования в нем электростатического поля, выполненный из диэлектрического или полупроводникового материала (md) и имеющий, по существу, плоскую форму и пористую структуру, проницаемую для текучей среды (U), образованный из сети трехмерных ячеек (Rxyz), причем каждая ячейка сети образована из выпуклой элементарной ячейки, с углублением и вогнутостью в центре, которая заключает компактный пустой объем (V1) элементарной ячейки с поперечными размерами (dx1, dy1, dz1) одного порядка величины в трех измерениях (х, у, z,), причем пустой объем (V1) элементарной ячейки для большинства ячеек (С1), расположенных в центре электростатического модуля (2), открыт по направлению к пустым ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung beschichteter optischer Fasern

Assembly to magnetically activate a fluid fuel prior to combustion has a tube with a magnetic zone of enlarged cross sectional area

In a process to prepare a fluid fuel for combustion e.g. petrol, diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil, natural gas or similar, the fluid passes through a duct in which it is subjected to a magnetic field prior to entering the combustion chamber. The fuel is subjected to the magnetic field within a section of the tube whose cross sectional area is greater than the remainder of the tube.

Electromagnetic processor for gaseous, fluid or dissolved matter - has ferromagnetic loops inside and coil outside inert container

A device for the electromagnetic processing of matter in a gaseous or a fluid/dissolved condition, comprises a container with feed and waste lines, in which there are a number of loops of ferromagnetic material. On the outside of the container, there is an electrically conductive winding formed by at least one loop. The container is longer in the direction at right angles to the plane of the winding, than in the direction of the plane of the winding, and this ratio of lengthways to transverse dimension is at least 2:1. Method provides an efficient means of exploiting the virtues of magnetically charged water for the stimulation of growth, etc.

Gegenstromverfahren zur Durchfuehrung physikalischer und/oder chemischer Behandlung von Stoffen und Gemischen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens

Fluid treatment apparatus

Magnetic treatment of substances

A device for treating substances magnetically comprises two parts, a permanent magnet e.g. sintered ferrite, and a steel plate. The area of the magnet 2 is chosen in relation to the diameter and wall thickness of the pipework or equipment such that the magnetic force saturates the material and penetrates directly through to the centre of the substance flowing in the pipework or equipment. The steel driver/mounting plate 1 is of such an area and thickness that in relation to the magnet 2 it directs the majority of the magnetic force at the treatment area leaving equipment positioned adjacent to the steel plate unaffected. Thus the device will not effect delicate equipment in close proximity to it. The device can be used to treat fluids and gases in ferrous or non-ferrous pipes, ductwork and equipment. It can be stored un-magnetised and can be magnetised with either a north or south pole treatment face as required for a specific application and re-magnetised in either pole without dis-assembly ...

Electromechanical filter for fischer-tropsch synthesis

The present invention relates to an electromechanical filter (2,4) and to a process for separating fine catalyst particles from a hydrocarbon medium by using said electromechanical filter and is particularly concerned with removing fine catalyst particles from a Fischer-Tropsch product stream.

Improvements in and relating to the treatment of solid materials with liquids

... 235,902. RamÚn, A. June 20, 1924, [Convention date]. Precipitating; solids, treating with liquids. - Apparatus for treating solids with liquids, for example for precipitating copper from solutions by means of iron, comprises a rotating or oscillating inclined cylindrical, conical, or double conical container through which the materials to be treated are conveyed continuously, a permanent liquid seal being maintained at both ends of the container. In the form shown, the vessel a is provided with tubular inlet and outlet b, c acting as journals, the inlet b being above the level of the liquid, and the outlet c being provided with a sieve v and preferably with a syphon or with a valve operated automatically by the pressure of the liquid in the vessel. The vessel may be combined with settling vessels and a filter press, the whole being connected by piping so that the separated liquid may be returned to and circulated through the vessel a.

Electrostatic fluid conditioner

Special reaction method and special reaction apparatus

Method for production of sugars from biomass

A process for the production of monosaccharides from biomass comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, the process comprising: adjusting pH of a biomass material to a value below pH 5 by adding inorganic acid; converting all cellulose and hemicellulose into monosaccharides by passing alternating electric current through the biomass, wherein the said step occurs in a monosaccharide production reactor. The biomass conversion into monosaccharides is preferably conducted at a pH range of 4.5-1, particularly 4.5-3.5; preferably at a temperature range of 70-160°C; and preferably at a pressure of 1-6 bara. The frequency of the alternating electric current is preferably in the range of 30-10000 Hz, particularly 50-60 Hz. The inorganic acid is preferably hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. The monosaccharide production reactor may be an ohmic heater. A monosaccharides production reactor comprising at least two electrodes contained within a cylindrical vessel having inlet and outlet ports at opposite ends ...

Selective paramagnetic resonance treatment

A method is described, whereby electromagnetic waves of specified characteristics may be used to alter the state of individual atoms, molecules or substances in a selective manner. This requires that the process is carried out under the condition of paramagnetic resonance and that the medium be subjected to the action of the said waves tuned to the characteristic spectrum of the substance. In order to achieve this, purpose-built apparatus is necessary and its main requirements are mentioned. Examples of some of the various modern industries in which the method could be applied are also given.

A fuel activation and energy release apparatus, system and method thereof

A fuel activation and energy release apparatus 100 for increasing energy output of a fluid substance comprises: a fluidly sealable reactor chamber (Fig 2, 103); a fluid injection port 104 adapted to provide a one-way fluid communication from an external fluid reservoir to the reactor chamber; a fluid ejection port 108, adapted to provide a one-way fluid communication from the reactor chamber to an external region so as to controllably release said fluid substance from the reactor chamber; and at least one first electromagnetic radiation waveguide 116, having a first waveguide input port and a first waveguide output port, operably coupled within the reactor chamber and adapted to couple electromagnetic radiation to a fluid substance injected into the reactor chamber. The apparatus may also comprise at least one second electromagnetic waveguide having a second waveguide input port coupled to the reactor chamber and adapted to couple electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength to a fluid ...

... 330,226. Tocco, L. Nov. 7, 1928, [Convention date]. Radiations, facilitating chemical reactions by; gases and vapours, treating electrically.-Reactions between gas or liquids and liquids or solids are accelerated by subjecting the substances to the action of an electric field produced by an alternating current of a voltage of 25000-150000, a frequency of 25-500 periods, and an intensity of a fraction of an ampere. The conditions must be such as to avoid electrolysis. According to examples (1) sulphuric acid is obtained by passing sulphur dioxide and air into a chamber which is connected to one pole of the source of current while the supply pipes of the gases are connected to the other pole; (2) sulphate of ammonia is obtained by passing a solution of ammonium carbonate containing calcium sulphate in suspension through a series of superimposed funnels alternate members of which are connected to each pole of the alternator. Specifications 2260/13 and 254,375 are referred to.

A process for the manufacture of chemical compounds in a state of high purity

Very pure metal, boron or silicon nitrides or carbides are produced by reacting a volatile compound of the metal, silicon or boron with nitrogen or a volatile carbon compound in a high frequency electrical discharge induced by an external coil or by the plates of an external condenser. Examples given are:-producing boron nitride from boron chloride, silicon nitride from silicon chloride, and titanium nitride from titanium tetrachloride by reacting with hydrogen and nitrogen in each case; and boron carbide from boron trichloride and silicon carbide from silicon tetrachloride by reacting with propane, with or without hydrogen. Specifications 838,378 and 892,014 are referred to.

Method of and apparatus for the treatment of incrusting liquids to prevent scale deposition therefrom

... 805,484. Preventing incrustation. VERMEIREN, T. I. S. April 13, 1956 [April 29, 1955], No. 11321/56. Class 123(1) .To prevent incrustation of surfaces by liquids giving rise to the formation of calcareous, siliceous or magnesia deposits, the liquid is passed through a restricted passage adjacent a magnet pole so that it is subjected to a magnetic field of great intensity. The liquid may be passed between pointed or rounded pole pieces providing the restricted path (Figs. 1-4, not shown). In the construction shown in Fig. 5, a magnet 5 is disposed in a container 4 so that its opposite ends 1, 2 respectively restrict the inlet and outlet passages to annular gaps 3 across which a strong field exists. In another form, Figs. 7, 8, four magnets 5A are mounted within a casing 4 with narrow gaps between their adjacent ends 1, 2 which are of opposite polarities. The liquid is constrained to enter the space enclosed by the magnets and pass outwardly through the gaps by baffle plates 6, 7.

Method and apparatus for treating a fluid

Method and apparatus for treating a fluid

Water purification method and apparatus involving generation of bipolar layer.

Water purification method and apparat us involving generation of bipolar layer

A method for physically processing and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and an apparatus forperforming the method

An electrical induction heating assembly

An electrical induction heating assembly

Device for the treatment of a liquid and magnet intended for this device.

Procedure and device for distilling sea-water and for extracting electrical energy and raw materials of the sea-water

Electrical apparatus and method for generating antibiotic

Hydrogen cyanide gas production

A method for physically processing and/or heating media, in particular liquids, and an apparatus forperforming the method

Hydrogen cyanide gas production

Method and apparatus for treating a fluid

VERFAHREN ZUM VERMINDERN VON FLUESSIGKEITSVERLUSTEN DURCH AUSSCHLEPPEN VON FLUESSIGKEIT NACH DEM BEHANDELN DER OBERFLAECHEN METALLISCHER WERKSTUECKE IN WAESSRIGEN FLUESSIGKEITEN

MAGNETISCHER AUFBEREITER

Apparatus for the electromagnetic treatment of a liquid

An apparatus for the electromagnetic treatment of a liquid, in particular water, in a pipe system through which the liquid flows. The apparatus has a housing having a circular cross section and inlet and outlet openings 2 located in the centre of the end faces. In the housing, there is located a circular impingement plate 10 of magnetizable material which is held at a distance from the inner walls of the housing by spacers 9 comprising antimagnetic material. A coil 4 which generates a magnetic field is located in the housing. The circular impingement plate 10 has a double-T shape in axial cross section and is composed of a plurality of lamellae 11. ...

VORRICHTUNG ZUM BEHANDELN VON WASSER ODER ANDEREN FLUESSIGKEITEN MIT EINEM MAGNETISCHEN KRAFTFELD

DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF A LIQUID

OZONE GENERATOR.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHEST ENERGY FLOWS.

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GAS.

CONTACTLESS PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF IONS AND HUMIDITY IN POROUS MATERIALS AND DEVICE FOR ITS EXECUTION

Water charging machine

Micro interfacial enhanced hydrogenation reaction system

The invention provides a micro interfacial enhanced hydrogenation reaction system, which includes a reactor body used as a reaction chamber in the hydrogenation reaction process to ensure that the hydrogenation reaction may fully proceed, a micro interfacial generator connected to the reactor body for breaking the hydrogen and/or liquid phase reactant in the micro interfacial generator into micro-bubbles and/or micro-droplets with a micron-level diameter through a mechanical microstructure and/or a turbulent microstructure in a preset action mode before the hydrogen and liquid and/or solid-liquid mixture material in the hydrogenation reaction process enter the reactor body to increase a phase boundary transfer area between the hydrogen and the liquid and/or solid-liquid mixture material during the reaction process, to improve a mass transfer efficiency between reaction phases and to enhance the hydrogenation reaction under preset temperature and pressure conditions. The invention effectively ...

A PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DESALINATING SEA WATER AND FOR OBTAINING POWER AND THE RAW MATERIALS CONTAINED IN SEA WATER

FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

Method of inductively igniting a chemical reaction

Shrouded reaction vessel

Method of bonding a particle material to near theoretical density

Oxidation process at a controlled temperature in gaseous phase

Oxidation of organic materials by electrified microheterogeneous catalysis

PREVENTION OF COKING DURING THERMAL CRACKING OF HEAVY PETROLEUM OIL

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

An instrument and process for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides is disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting a protected first amino acid linked to a solid phase resin by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves, then activating a second amino acid by adding the second acid and an activating solution to the same vessel while irradiating the vessel with microwaves, then coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves, and cleaving the linked peptide from the solid phase resin by admixing the linked peptide with a cleaving composition in the same vessel while irradiating the composition with microwaves.

A LIQUID PLASMA DISCHARGE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS USING SAME

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MOLECULAR POLARIZATION IN WATER

There is provided a method and devices for the treatment of fluids containing contaminants therein, particularly for the treatment of water, wherein the fluid is passed through a polarization device and subjected to a field. Various embodiments are possible wherein the field can either be a magnetic field or an electrostatic field and the device may be used in systems such as reverse osmosis systems and boiler systems.

AN INTEGRATED METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE CHLORINE DIOXIDE PRODUCTION COUPLED WITH A RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT SODIUM CHLORATE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION

An integrated method and system for chlorine dioxide production coupled with a relatively independent electrolytic sodium chlorate production unit is disclosed. The system is consisted of the following features: an electrolytic production unit of sodium chlorate (NaClO3) and crystallization unit, a chlorine dioxide (ClO2) production unit and a hydrochloric acid (HCl) synthesis unit. The system feeds an electrolyte solution into a solid-liquid filter, wherein the electrolyte solution contains sodium chlorate crystal, to filter out the crystal from sodium chloride and sodium dichromate. The sodium chlorate crystal is then fed into a chlorine dioxide generator after dissolving, while sodium chloride and sodium dichromate solution separated returns back to the electrolyzer for the electrolysis process, recycling the intermediate chemicals in the sodium chlorate production system, rather than entering chlorine dioxide production unit. Whereas sodium chloride constantly formed as a byproduct ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CROSSLINKING A SILICON CARBIDE FIBER PRECURSOR POLYMER

The present disclosure generally provides methods and apparatus for efficiently crosslinking silicon carbide fiber precursor polymers with electron beam radiation. The methods and apparatus utilize a platform (14, 114) containing silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer (16, 116). The temperature of the platform (14, 114) is regulated while the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer (16, 116) is irradiated to thereby regulate the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer thereon. In this way, the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer (16, 116) is regulated via the platform (14, 114) both during and after it is subjected to radiation. At least one of the platform (14, 114) and the e-beam radiation mechanism (12, 112) may be translated with respect to the other to irradiate different portions of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer (16, 116) and, ultimately, the entirety of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer contained ...

RESONATING COMPONENTS FOR SONIC GENERATORS

A sonic reactor and resonating components for sonic reactors are disclosed; where these resonating components may have optimized mass and shape. The mass of the resonating component may be redistributed to increase the energy transmission of towards the resonance chambers and optimize the system for specific application requirements. The proper selection of the material may allow improved elasticity and lower internal damping, which may increase the amplitude at a given power and the tuning of the natural frequency; these factors may also translate on higher energy transmission towards the resonance chambers.

METHOD FOR STARTING UP AN ELECTROLYSER

The invention relates to a method for starting up an electrolysis device (10) that comprises a reactor container (3) which is arranged downstream of the electrolyzer (1) and in which oxygen is reacted with hydrogen into water in order to reduce an oxygen content in a hydrogen gas flow coming from the electrolyzer (1). The electrolysis device (10) operates at a specified operating pressure, and the hydrogen gas flow coming from the electrolyzer (1) is conducted past the reactor container (3) via a bypass line (11) when starting up the electrolyzer (1).

MAGNETIC FLUID CONDITIONER

A magnetic conditioner is arranged with three groups of magnets (12, 14, 16) surrounding a central axis (24) of a conduit (10). The groups of magnets (12, 14, 16) include like magnetic poles facing the conduit (10) for concentrating magnetic energy within the conduit. The magnetic poles are also arranged in a helical pattern along the length of the conduit (10) to expose fluid flowing through the conduit to a more uniform amount of magnetic field energy. The magnetic conditioner is also assembled as a part of an emission control system that includes a coalescing filter (124) and a positive crankcase ventilation valve (126).

INDUCTIVELY HEATED CATALYTIC REACTOR

An improved gas phase reactor (10) for continuously conducting a catalyzed chemical reaction at elevated temperature involving a reactor vessel (11) wherein the gaseous reactant passing through the reactor makes contact with an inductively heated solid phase catalyst media (17). By placing the induction coil (14) used to inductively heat the catalyst (17) directly within the reactor in close proximity to the solid catalyst improved temperature control and uniform heating of the catalyst is achieved. Such a reactor is particularly useful for continuous production of hydrogen cyanide.

METHOD OF INDUCTIVELY IGNITING A CHEMICAL REACTION

An improved method of igniting a catalyzed gas phase chemical reaction involving the act of providing a reactor vessel (10), wherein the gaseous reactant, continuously passing through the reactor, makes contact with a solid phase metallic catalyst media (18), with an inductive coil (14) within the reactor (10) on the inlet side of the catalyst and a porous thermal, spark and radiation barrier (17) between the induction coil (14) and solid catalyst (18). According to the improved method of ignition, the metallic catalyst media (18) is inductively heated in order to ignite the chemical reaction and after ignition the inductive heating is suspended and the exotherm of the chemical reaction is thereafter relied upon to sustain the reaction temperature. Such a reactor and method of operation is particularly useful for continuous production of hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process.

DEVICE FOR GENERATING MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR CATALYSING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Dispositif de génération d'un champ magnétique mobile dans au moins un plan de champ situé dans un fluide à traiter et dans lequel le gradient du produit vectoriel entre l'intensité du champ magnétique et sa vitesse de déplacement engendre des déformations stéréochimiques des molécules du fluide traité qui peut être une eau calcaire ou un carburant. Chaque plan de champ peut comporter un premier générateur de champ magnétique tel qu'un couple de bobines (10, 10') et un deuxième générateur de champ magnétique tel qu'un couple de bobines (12, 12') faisant un angle .theta. avec le premier générateur, tous deux situés à la périphérie de la canalisation (20) où s'écoule le fluide à traiter. Au moins un de deux générateurs de champ génère un champ magnétique d'amplitude variable dans le temps de telle sorte que la résultante soit un champ magnétique mobile dans le plan de champ ayant une amplitude variable et une direction mobile selon une vitesse angulaire variable de façon à obtenir un gradient ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur chemischen Umwandlung von Stoffen.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur chemischen Umwandlung von Stoffen.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur chemischen Umwandlung von Stoffen.

Vorrichtung zur chemischen Umwandlung von Stoffen.

Verfahren zur elektrischen Behandlung von dielektrischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen, zum Zwecke molekulare Änderungen hervorzubringen.

Procédé de désagrégation de corps par l'application d'ondes hertziennes.

Verfahren zur Behandlung von Körpern im elektrischen Kondensatorwechselfeld.

Procédé et appareil pour amener en contact au moins deux phases.

Anlage zur Behandlung von Gegenständen in einer Flüssigkeit.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metalloleosolen.

Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement de liquides donnant normalement lieu à la formation de dépôts sous forme d'incrustations

Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement de liquides donnant normalement lieu à la formation de dépôts sous forme d'incrustations

Verfahren zum Sintern von nichtmetallischen Stoffen, insbesondere von Zement, Kalk, Dolomit, Magnesit und dergleichen

Verfahren zur Behandlung von Härtebildner enthaltendem Wasser zur Verhinderung der Bildung und zur Beseitigung von festen, zusammenhängenden Krusten

Procédé pour l'extraction des sels minéraux contenus et/ou dissous dans un liquide, et dispositif pour l'application de ce procédé

Procédé pour former un révélateur pour une image électrostatique

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erhitzung hochschmelzender, bei der Behandlungstemperatur elektrisch leitender Festkörperteilchen

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Behandlung von flüssigen Stoffen, insbesondere von Lösungen, durch elektrische Felder

Verfahren zur physikalischen und/oder chemischen Behandlung von Stoffen sowie Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens

Rührwerk

Apparat zum Behandeln von Wasser in einem magnetischen Feld zur Vermeidung des Bildens von hartem Kesselstein

Procédé d'irrigation

Verfahren zur Beschleunigung und/oder Aktivierung chemischer Reaktionen oder der Emulgierung mittels des magnetischen Kraftflusses

Dispositif pour le traitement d'un liquide

Générateur d'impulsions

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE ACTIVATION ENERGY.

Prepn. and conversion of material consisting of polar molecules - uses multifaceted electrodes with connecting circuitry for the electrical or electro-mechanical manipulation of polar molecule agglomerates

The prepn. and conversion of materials consisting of polar molecules comprises treating the molecular agglomerates by electric or electro-magnetic forces. The basic resonance of the material is pref. used as feedback into the material or a signal generator is used for excitation. A circuit for carrying out the treatment consists of two electrodes, pref. one for pick up from the material and one for feedback and has a d.c. decoupling and an amplification section.m The amplifier is pref. an inversion amplifier. USE/ADVANTAGE - Treatment of water for consumption and swimming baths and in health therapy. The process may also be used to treat alcohol and alcohol/water mixts. Chlorination may be reduced by at least 50% in purification of water.

PROCEDURE FOR TREATING THE SURFACE OF WORKPIECES IN WAESSRIGEN LIQUIDS.

Apparatus for changing the properties of materials used in the production of synthetic crystals comprises an outer electromagnetic magnetic arrangement, inner electromagnetic arrangements, an inner hollow chamber and immersion anchors

Apparatus for changing the properties of materials comprises an outer hollow cylindrical electromagnetic magnetic arrangement (1) having a recess for an excitation coil (2) in its wall; two inner electromagnetic arrangements (3, 4) arranged over each other in an axial direction and having inner excitation coils (6, 7); an inner plate-like hollow chamber (5) between the inner magnetic arrangements acting as a reaction chamber for the materials to be treated; and two immersion anchors (8, 9) which close the inner chamber of the outer magnetic arrangement. An Independent claim is also included for a process for operating the apparatus. Preferred Features: The inner magnetic arrangements are coated with a diamagnetic material with the same or lower friction coefficient and the same of higher heat resistance as PTFE. A copper intermediate layer is arranged between the immersion anchors and the inner magnetic arrangements.

Method for electromagnetically influencing of liquids, gases and solids execution this method and device for

Procedures for supporting and/or intensifying a physical and/or chemical reaction and a reaction mechanism for would drive out the procedure.

Ein neues und effektives Verfahren zum Unterstützen und/oder Intensivieren einer physikalischen und/oder chemischen Reaktion in einem Reaktionsvolumen eines Reaktors (13), der mit mehreren Substanzen gefüllt ist, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: Bereitstellen eines Reaktors (13) mit Reaktionsvolumen, Füllen des Reaktionsvolumens des Reaktors (13) mit mehreren Substanzen, die an einer physikalischen und/oder chemischen Reaktion teilnehmen, Zusetzen eines vorbestimmten Anteils ferromagnetischer Teilchen in das Reaktionsvolumen, Platzieren des Reaktors (13) mit seinem Reaktionsvolumen zwischen mindestens zwei Induktoren (11, 12), so dass die Magnetfelder der Induktoren (11, 12) miteinander in dem Reaktionsvolumen des Reaktors (13) interferieren, und Versorgen jedes der Induktoren mit einem Wechselstrom vorbestimmter Amplitude und Frequenz.

METHOD OF PHYSICAL TREATMENT AND/OR HEATING MEDIA, IN PARTICULAR LIQUID POSTS, AND DEVICE FOR

ПРИЕМНИК ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ С ПОКРЫТИЕМ ДЛЯ ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ И УСТРОЙСТВ

Приемник электромагнитной энергии для химической обработки построен из матричного материала, который окружает нематричный материал, отличный от матричного материала, и имеет низшие диэлектрические потери по сравнению с нематричным материалом, причем нематричный материал первым поглощает электромагнитную энергию, приложенную к этому приемнику, и в большем количестве, чем ее поглощает матричный материал, в дальнейшем нематричный материал генерирует тепло в матричном материале и поверхность приемника электромагнитной энергии имеет покрытие из материала, который взаимодействует с приложенной электромагнитной энергией на по меньшей мере одной частоте и первым поглощает электромагнитную энергию, генерируя тепло.

AN ELECTRICAL INDUCTION HEATING ASSEMBLY

ПРИСТРІЙ І СПОСІБ ДЛЯ ОСАДЖЕННЯ УЛЬТРАТОНКИХ ЧАСТИНОК З ГАЗОВОЇ ФАЗИ

Данное изобретение относится к устройству для термического разложения летучих соединений и осаждения частиц, которые при этом формируются, включающему, по меньшей мере, такие характерные признаки: сосуд (1) под давлением, по меньшей мере, одну реакционную трубку (2), открытый конец (2с) которой продлевается в сосуд под давлением, а другой конец которой расположен снаружи сосуда под давлением и обеспечен средством подачи (3) газа, продольная ось реакционной трубки ориентирована в направлении силы веса и параллельно продольной оси сосуда (1d) под давлением, а реакционная трубка может быть нагретой (2а) на стороне впускания и охлажденной (2b) на стороне выхода газа, сосуд (1) под давлением в его нижней части имеет собирательную лейку (1а), причем открытый конец реакционной(ых) трубки(ок) (2с) продлевается в газовое пространство собирательной лейки (1b), собирательная лейка (1а) соединена с выходящим затвором (6) для порошка (Р) и узлом (7) газоотвода, который обеспечен трубкой для газа (7а ...

Способ физической обработки и/или нагрева среды, в частности жидкостей и устройство для осуществления способа

Изобретение относится к способу физической обработки и/или нагрева среды, в частности жидкостей. Высокого расхода энергии в известных способах можно избежать, уменьшая воздействие окружающей среды, подвергая гидродинамически обработанную среду воздействию электрохимических полярных и/или ионных потенциалов и электрохимических сигналов RC AC. П. формулы: 12 Фиг.: 18 ...

Biomass and waste plastics depolymerization machine and methods via supercritical water

A method for transforming a selected polymeric material into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected polymeric material through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected polymeric material to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected polymeric material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of reaction products. The reaction zone may be characterized by a tubular reactor having an adjustably positionable inner tubular spear, wherein the tubular reactor and the inner tubular spear further define an annular space within the reaction zone, and wherein the mixture flows through the annular space and into a reaction products chamber.

Electric Conduction Through Supramolecular Assemblies of Triarylamines

The present invention relates to a method for modifying a surface of a solid conducting material, which comprises a step (E), in which a potential difference is applied between this surface and a surface of another conducting solid material positioned facing it, and wherein, simultaneously, said surface (S) is put into contact with a liquid medium comprising in solution triarylamines (I): while subjecting these triarylamines (I) to electromagnetic radiation, least partly converting them at into triarylammonium radicals. The invention also relates to a conducting device comprising two conducting metal materials, the surfaces of which, (S) and (S′) respectively, are electrically interconnected through an organic material comprising conducting fibrillar organic supramolecular species comprising an association of triarylamines of formula (I).

Apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanostructure and method for manufacturing carbon nanostructure

An apparatus for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure and a method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure that can achieve an increase in length and shape stabilization of the carbon nanostructure can be obtained. A manufacturing apparatus for a carbon nanostructure includes a catalyst member on which a carbon nanostructure is grown, a source gas supply unit and a source gas supply pipe, a coil, and a heater. The source gas supply unit and the source gas supply pipe supply the catalyst member with carbon for forming the carbon nanotube. The coil applies a gradient magnetic field (e.g., a cusped magnetic field indicated by magnetic flux line whose magnetic field strength gradually increases from one surface of the catalyst member to the other surface opposite to the one surface. The heater heats the catalyst member.

Systems for producing silane

Methods and systems for producing silane that use electrolysis to regenerate reactive components therein are disclosed. The methods and systems may be substantially closed-loop with respect to halogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal and/or hydrogen.

DEVICE FOR ALTERING MOLECULAR BONDS IN FLUIDS

A device for altering molecular bonds in fluids () having a substantially tubular housing (). The substantially tubular housing has a perimeter wall (), a first end (), a second end (), an inner surface () and an outer surface (). Caps () are located on the first end and on the second end. One or more geometrically shaped extensions () may be located on the caps to allow a user to rotate the caps and/or the entire housing with a wrench. An aperture is located on each cap to allow liquid to pass though into or out of the housing. Threads () are located within the apertures to allow a user to install the device for altering molecular bonds in fluids in a fuel line, water line or other liquid conduit. A plurality of magnets () are secured within one or more casings () that separate and hold the magnets in place within the housing. 122.-. (canceled)23. A device for altering molecular bonds in fluids comprising:a housing having a perimeter wall;said perimeter wall having a first end, a second end, an inner surface and an outer surface;a cap located on the first end of the substantially tubular shaped perimeter wall, said cap having an aperture located therein;a cap located on the second end of the perimeter wall, said cap having an aperture located therein;at least one casing located within the housing;said at least one casing comprising an elongated tubular housing having an outer wall with a first end and a second end;at least two magnets located within the elongated tubular housing and separated from each other by spacing means that prevents the at least two magnets from coming into contact with each other,at least one hole located on the outer wall of the elongated tubular housing adjacent to each spacing means in a manner to allow liquid to flow into and out of the elongated tubular housing between the at least two magnets;a locking means located on the first end of the elongated tubular housing to lock the at least two magnets within the elongated tubular housing;a ...

Power Supply Including Transformer-Less High Voltage Power Oscillators for Ozone Generation

A transformer-less power supply is provided for ozone generation. The power supply advantageously reduces costs and increases reliability of ozone generators. The power supply provides a first AC voltage from a power source to a resonant circuit and the resonant circuit provides a second AC voltage to the ozone generating unit, the second AC voltage being greater than the first AC voltage. A controller for the power supply that adapts to the resonance of the circuit to provide control with a wide tolerance for the high Q circuit component values of the circuit. 1. A power supply for ozone generation , comprising:a transformer-less oscillator comprising a power source and a resonant circuit;the resonant circuit having a q-factor and being directly coupled between the power source and an ozone generating unit, where the q-factor is greater than or equal to 10, andthe power source being configured to providing a first AC voltage to the resonant circuit, and the resonant circuit being configured to providing a second AC voltage to the ozone generating unit, the second AC voltage being greater than the first AC voltage and sufficient to power the ozone generating unit.2. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the resonant circuit applies a substantially resonant voltage to the ozone generating unit in response to the first AC voltage having a frequency substantially close to a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.3. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the resonant circuit is a series resonant circuit including a resonant inductor coupled in series with a resonant capacitor.4. The power supply of claim 3 , wherein the resonant capacitor is an individual capacitor claim 3 , a natural capacitance of the ozone generating unit claim 3 , or a combination of both an individual capacitor and natural capacitance of the ozone generating unit.5. The power supply of claim 3 , wherein the resonant circuit is a parallel resonant circuit including a resonant inductor coupled in ...

Electrically heated catalyst

Electricity is suppressed from flowing to a case ( 4 ) of an electrically heated catalyst ( 1 ). Provision is made for a heat generation element ( 2 ) adapted to be electrically energized to generate heat, the case ( 4 ) in which the heat generation element ( 2 ) is contained, a mat ( 5 ) arranged between the heat generation element ( 2 ) and the case ( 4 ) to insulate electricity and at the same time to support the heat generation element ( 2 ), an electrode ( 6 ) connected to the heat generation element ( 2 ) from outside of the case ( 4 ), an insulation part ( 7 ) to plug a gap between the case ( 4 ) and the electrode ( 6 ), an electrode chamber ( 8 ) which is a space formed around the electrode ( 6 ) at an inner side of the case ( 4 ) and at an outer side of the heat generation element ( 2 ), and which is formed by providing a gap between the electrode ( 6 ) and the mat ( 5 ), and a partition part ( 9 ) arranged in the electrode chamber ( 8 ) at an upstream side of the electrode ( 6 ) in a direction of flow of an exhaust gas, in such a manner that the exhaust gas flowing through the interior of the electrode chamber ( 8 ) impinges against the partition part ( 9 ).

OZONATED LIQUID PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Ozonated liquid production and distribution system are described. The systems use multiple ozone gas generators to create ozone gas from ambient air. The ozone gas is injected into water or fluid by multiple injectors to form the ozonated liquid. 1. A variable production and distribution system for ozonated fluid , comprising:a water input line;a water input line distributor, and the water input line directs water to the water input line distributor;a first flow sensor line in fluidic communication with the water input line distributor, the first flow sensor line in fluidic communication with a first flow sensor; the first flow sensor in fluidic communication with a first injector; the first flow sensor in electrical communication with a first ozone gas generation unit; the first ozone gas generation unit supplies the first injector with ozone gas; the first injector injects ozone gas into the water to form a first ozonated fluid, wherein the first injector is in fluid communication with a first mixing vessel, the first mixing vessel is in fluidic communication with a main fill line and a first distribution line;a second flow sensor line in fluidic communication with the water input line distributor, the second flow sensor line in fluidic communication with a second flow sensor; the second flow sensor in fluidic communication with a second injector; the second flow sensor in electrical communication with a second ozone gas generation unit; the second ozone gas generation unit supplies the second injector with ozone gas; the second injector injects ozone gas into the water to form a second ozonated fluid, wherein the second injector is in fluidic communication with a second mixing vessel, the second mixing vessel is in fluidic communication with the main fill line and a second distribution line; and,a third flow sensor line in fluidic communication with the water input line distributor, the third flow sensor line in fluidic communication with a third flow sensor; the ...

OZONE GENERATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OZONE GENERATING ELEMENT

An ozone generating element includes a laminated body including stacked dielectric layers. A discharge electrode is provided on a first of the dielectric layers. An induction electrode is provided on a second of the dielectric layers that is opposed to the discharge electrode with the first dielectric layer interposed therebetween. A protective layer is arranged on the first dielectric layer so as to cover the discharge electrode, and includes a glass ceramic. 1. An ozone generating element comprising:a dielectric layer;a discharge electrode provided on the dielectric layer;an induction electrode opposed to the discharge electrode with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween; anda protective layer arranged on the dielectric layer to cover the discharge electrode, and including a glass ceramic.2. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes a glass ceramic.3. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer and the dielectric layer include a same material.4. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness of about 30 μm or more and about 150 μm or less.5. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , wherein the discharge electrode and the induction electrode include silver.6. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , further comprising a laminated body including the dielectric layer and a plurality of other dielectric layers stacked on each other.7. The ozone generating element according to claim 5 , further comprising via hole conductors provided in the laminated body and external electrodes provided on the laminated body.8. The ozone generating element according to claim 5 , wherein the laminated body is an LTCC substrate including a glass ceramic.9. The ozone generating element according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness of about 50 μm or more and about 250 μm or less.10. The ozone generating ...

Ozone generating device

An ozone generating device includes three or more cooling channels each having a through-hole formed in a central region thereof and a coolant flow path formed therein. The cooling channels are arranged side by side such that the through-holes thereof overlap with one another. The ozone generating device further includes electric discharge units interposed between the cooling channels adjoining each other and configured to generate electric discharge when applied with a high voltage. Each of the electric discharge units has a central hole formed in alignment with the through-hole. The ozone generating device is configured such that, when the electric discharge units are applied with a high voltage with the cooling channels kept grounded, oxygen supplied to the electric discharge units is decomposed into ozone which in turn is discharged through an internal space defined by the through-hole and the central hole.

System and methods for determining molecules using mass spectrometry and related techniques

The present invention generally relates to mass spectrometry and related techniques, and in some cases, to determining single species using mass spectrometry. In certain instances, polymers such as DNA or RNA can also be sequenced. Certain embodiments of the invention relate to passing a polymer, such as DNA, RNA, a protein, a polypeptide, a polysaccharide, etc., through a pore and cleaving the polymer in sequence. For instance, the polymer may be cleaved using a laser or an electric field. In some embodiments, a property of at least one subunit of a polymer is determined using mass spectrometry. In some embodiments, a single ion (which may be a subunit of a polymer, or an ion based on another species) can be isolated in a mass spectrometer and a signal generated from the single ion.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES PREPARED FROM THE IN SITU FORMATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS

Disclosed herein are electrochromic devices, including eyewear, windows, and displays, prepared by in situ formation of conjugated polymers. 1. A method of forming a solid-state device , comprising:filling a gel electrolyte precursor and an electroactive precursor into an enclosed chamber, wherein the electroactive precursor is an electroactive monomer, a conducting oligomer, a viologen, a conducting polymer precursor, or a combination thereof;crosslinking the gel electrolyte precursor to form a combination of a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition comprising the electroactive precursor, wherein the combination is disposed between at least two electrodes, and wherein a potential source is in electrical communication with the at least two electrodes; andapplying a voltage to polymerize the electroactive precursor to form a composite comprising conjugated polymer and crosslinked gel electrolyte composition.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state device comprises more than one enclosed chamber.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enclosed chamber comprises optical panes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enclosed chamber is hermetically sealed prior to applying the voltage.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition comprises a lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , or potassium salt claim 1 , or an ionic liquid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked gel electrolyte is formed by crosslinking a gel electrolyte precursor in the presence of the electroactive precursor to form a layer of crosslinked gel electrolyte comprising the electroactive precursor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a layer of a second electrolyte composition is disposed between an electrode and the combination of the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition and electroactive precursor claim 1 , wherein the layer of second electrolyte composition optionally further comprises a second electroactive precursor.8. The method of claim 7 , ...

Method of and device for optimizing a hydrogen generating system

A method of and apparatus for optimizing a hydrogen producing system is provided. The method of optimizing the hydrogen producing system comprises producing hydrogen gas using a hydrogen producing formulation and removing a chemical substance that reduces the hydrogen gas producing efficiency. Further, the hydrogen producing system comprises a hydrogen producing catalyst, a hydrogen generating voltage applied to the hydrogen producing catalyst to generate hydrogen gas, and a catalyst regenerating device to regenerate the hydrogen producing catalyst to a chemical state capable of generating the hydrogen gas when a hydrogen generating voltage is applied.

CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTO USEFUL ORGANIC PRODUCTS BY USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a method of conversion of carbon dioxide into organic products using plasma technology comprising the steps of (a) providing a reaction chamber; (b) introducing a counterpart molecule and carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber; (c) initiating a plasma in the reaction chamber; and (d) converting the carbon dioxide into organic products, wherein the organic products do not contain formic acid and formaldehyde, and wherein the counterpart molecule consists of water molecule. 1. A method of conversion of carbon dioxide into organic products using plasma technology comprising the steps of:(a) providing a reaction chamber;(b) introducing a counterpart molecule and carbon dioxide into the reaction chamber;(c) initiating a plasma in the reaction chamber; and(d) converting the carbon dioxide into organic products, wherein the organic products do not contain formic acid and formaldehyde,and wherein the counterpart molecule consists of water molecule.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water molecule is vaporized in the reaction chamber by heating claim 1 , with plasma assistance or a combination of both.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water molecule is vaporized outside the reaction chamber and the vapor is introduced into the reaction chamber directly.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water molecule is injected directly or introduced into the reaction chamber by carrier gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber is of glass claim 1 , metallic materials claim 1 , ceramics or polymers.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chamber pressure is 0.01˜760 torr.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma is low pressure plasma or atmosphere plasma.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the low pressure plasma is capacitively coupled plasma or inductively coupled plasma.9. The method of wherein the atmosphere plasma is electron beam discharge claim 7 , corona discharge or dielectric discharge.10. The method of claim 1 ...

Combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor

A combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor includes a rectangular or cylindrical electrically insulative housing and a plurality of reactor units arranged in a parallel or series manner in the housing in a rectangular or circular array. Each reactor unit includes a hollow cylindrical electrode and a rod electrode extending along the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical electrode and a DC working voltage 6 kv-500 kv applied to each reactor unit between the respective hollow cylindrical electrode and the respective rod electrode. The combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor is a modularized structure constructed subject to actual requirements, practical for decomposing waste lubricating oil, insulation oil, milling oil and smokes discharged from a kitchen, smoking room, motor vehicle or machine.

Ionization method, mass spectrometry method, extraction method, and purification method

The present invention has an object to achieve soft ionization more easily when a slight amount of substance is ionized under an atmosphere pressure. The present invention provides an ionization method for a substance contained in a liquid, including: supplying the liquid to a substrate from a probe and forming a liquid bridge made of the liquid containing the substance dissolved therein, between the probe and the substrate; oscillating the substrate; and generating an electric field between an electrically conductive portion of the probe in contact with the liquid and an ion extraction electrode.

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC AMPLIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Methods and devices for amplifying nucleic acids generally involve exposing the nucleic acid to an electromagnetic field, for example a mini-current magnetic field, while performing the steps of PCR. The PCR methods and devices provide numerous advantages over conventional PCR techniques and systems such as reduced reaction times, no heating requirements, and reduced amounts of reagents (e.g., optional use polymerases and primers). Additionally, the PCR methods and devices require significantly shorter reaction times (e.g., less than one hour) compared to conventional PCR techniques and systems (minimum 2 hours). Finally, as shown in the Examples, the PCR methods and devices amplify significantly more DNA compared to conventional PCR techniques and systems. Accordingly, the PCR methods and devices provide a more efficient and cost-effective way to perform PCR when compared to conventional PCR techniques and systems. 1. A device for amplifying at least one sample of nucleic acid , comprising:a circuit including at least one conductor through which a current is passed to induce a magnetic field;a container support adapted to support at least one container of the nucleic acid sample, wherein at least a portion of the container and the sample are positioned within the magnetic field; anda control unit adapted to control the current and the induced magnetic field, wherein the nucleic acid sample is amplified in response to being subjected to the magnetic field.2. The nucleic-acid amplification device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic-field-inducing circuit is adapted and operated so that the current is a mini-current and the nucleic-acid amplification is thermal-free.3. The nucleic-acid amplification device of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is adapted to operate the magnetic-field-inducing circuit at a current of about 0.8 A to about 1.0 A to induce a magnetic field of about 0.322 Gauss to about 0.402 Gauss as applied to the sample at a centerline of the container of ...

PARA-HYDROGEN POLARIZER

A reactor assembly comprising a reservoir, a reaction chamber, and a valve assembly comprising at least one valve. The reservoir, reaction chamber, and valve assembly are non-magnetic. The valve assembly is adapted to selectively provide fluid communication between the reservoir and the reaction chamber. 1. A reactor assembly comprising:a reservoir;a reaction chamber; anda valve assembly comprising at least one valve;wherein the reservoir, reaction chamber, and valve assembly are non-magnetic; andwherein the valve assembly is adapted to selectively provide fluid communication between the reservoir and the reaction chamber.2. The reactor assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:a magnet adapted to produce a static magnetic field having a magnitude of at least about 1 mT; anda radiofrequency pulse generator adapted to produce an applied magnetic field;wherein the reaction chamber is positioned within the applied magnetic field when the radiofrequency pulse generator is producing the applied magnetic field; andwherein the reservoir, reaction chamber, and valve assembly are positioned within the static magnetic field when the magnet is producing the static magnetic field.3. The reactor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve comprises a spool valve.4. The reactor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve comprises a housing having an inner wall defining an internal space and a piston assembly positioned within the space and movable relative to the housing between a first position and a second position.5. The reactor assembly of claim 4 , wherein the housing comprises a first opening at a first end and a second opening at a second end opposite the first end;wherein the piston assembly translates to the first position in response to a first fluid pressure applied via the first opening; andwherein the piston assembly translates to the second position in response to a second fluid pressure applied via the second opening.6. The reactor assembly of ...

DEVICE FOR TREATING CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF

Devices for treating chemical compositions of a sample and methods for use thereof are disclosed here. In one embodiment, for example, a device may include a container; an opening; a magnetic component that induces a magnetic field across a portion of the device; and a sorptive media loaded within the container. The device may further comprise a magnetizable fluid loaded within the container. The sorptive media may be configured to filter a composition from a magnetizable fluid. The magnetic field may be configured to drive filtration of the magnetizable fluid containing composition after reacting the composition in order to remove or separate constituents of the composition. 1. A device for treating a fluid , comprising:a container having an opening and a magnetic component; anda sorptive media loaded within the container,wherein the sorptive media is positioned relative to the magnetic component so that when the fluid is in the container, the magnetic component exerts a magnetic field on the fluid and the sorptive media.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the opening is configured for receiving and releasing the fluid.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the opening comprises a first channel for receiving a fluid and a second channel for releasing a fluid.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises a magnetizable fluid loaded within the container.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic component comprises a coil around the container of the device.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic component further comprises a second magnetic component.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the container has a body portion between a first end portion and a second end portion of the container; and whereinthe first magnetic component is positioned proximate to the first end portion; andthe second magnetic component is positioned proximate to the second end portion,wherein at least a portion of the sorptive media is positioned between the first ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CARBON MONOXIDE PRODUCTION

A method and apparatus for producing a carbon monoxide containing product in which cathode and anode sides of an electrically driven oxygen separation device are contacted with carbon dioxide and a reducing agent, respectively. The carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide through ionization of oxygen and the reducing agent lowers the partial pressure of oxygen at the anode side to partially drive oxygen ion transport within the device through the consumption of the oxygen and to supply heat. The lowering of oxygen partial pressure reduces voltage and therefore, electrical power required to be applied to the device and the heat is supplied to heat the device to an operational temperature and to the reduction of the carbon dioxide occurring at the cathode side. The device can be used as part of an integrated apparatus in which the carbon dioxide is supplied from a waste stream of a process plant. 1. An integrated apparatus for producing a carbon monoxide containing product comprising:a process plant generating a waste stream containing carbon dioxide;a heat exchanger in flow communication with the process plant configured to preheat a carbon dioxide containing stream produced from the waste stream and a reducing agent stream containing a reducing agent through indirect heat exchange with a reacted stream and a carbon monoxide containing product stream;a power supply configured to generate an electrical potential;an electrically driven oxygen separation device having a cathode side and an anode side connected to the power supply such that the electrical potential is applied to the cathode side and the anode side;the cathode side connected to the heat exchanger such that the cathode side is contacted with a carbon dioxide containing feed stream, thereby to reduce the carbon dioxide to the carbon monoxide through ionization of oxygen at the cathode side and transport of the oxygen ions to an anode side of the electrically driven oxygen separation device and to return ...

MAGNETIC MACROINITIATORS AND MAGNETICALLY INDUCED CHAIN REACTIONS

This invention provides a method of initiating chain reaction in a chain reaction medium including (a) a macroinitiator and (b) chain reactants selected from monomers, reactive oligomers, reactive diluents and derivatives thereof and mixtures of the forgoing. The macroinitiator includes a multidentate anchor segment coordinated with a magnetic nanoparticle through more than one bond, and a chain reaction initiator segment bound to the multidentate anchor and providing a weak bond that can be cleaved to initiate a chain reaction. The method further comprises subjecting the chain reaction medium to an alternating current magnetic field to vibrate the magnetic nanoparticle and thereby cleave the weak bond, the cleavage resulting in the initiation of a chain reaction involving the chain reactants. 1. A method of initiating chain reaction comprising: [ a multidentate anchor segment coordinated with a magnetic nanoparticle through more than one bond, and', 'a chain reaction initiator segment bound to the multidentate anchor and providing a weak bond that can be cleaved to initiate a chain reaction;, '(a) a macroinitiator including, '(b) chain reactants selected from monomers, reactive oligomers, reactive diluents and derivatives thereof and mixtures of the forgoing; and, 'providing a chain reaction medium includingsubjecting the chain reaction medium to an alternating current magnetic field to vibrate the magnetic nanoparticle and thereby cleave the weak bond, the cleavage resulting in the initiation of a chain reaction involving the chain reactants.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticle is formed from ferromagnetic materials.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticle is selected from magnetite claim 2 , iron claim 2 , cobalt claim 2 , and iron-cobalt complexes.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticle has a diameter of less than 250 nm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multidentate anchor segment is formed ...

In-situ generation of the molecular etcher carbonyl fluoride or any of its variants and its use

The molecular etcher carbonyl fluoride (COF 2 ) or any of its variants, are provided for, according to the present invention, to increase the efficiency of etching and/or cleaning and/or removal of materials such as the unwanted film and/or deposits on the chamber walls and other components in a process chamber or substrate (collectively referred to herein as “materials”). The methods of the present invention involve igniting and sustaining a plasma, whether it is a remote or in-situ plasma, by stepwise addition of additives, such as but not limited to, a saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated perfluorocarbon compound (PFC) having the general formula (C y F z ) and/or an oxide of carbon (CO x ) to a nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ) plasma into a chemical deposition chamber (CVD) chamber, thereby generating COF 2 . The NF 3 may be excited in a plasma inside the CVD chamber or in a remote plasma region upstream from the CVD chamber. The additive(s) may be introduced upstream or downstream of the remote plasma such that both NF 3 and the additive(s) (and any plasma-generated effluents) are present in the CVD chamber during cleaning.

METHOD FOR PHYSICALLY PROCESSING AND/OR HEATING MEDIA, IN PARTICULAR LIQUIDS, AND AN APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for physically working and/or heating media, in particular liquids. The high expenditure of energy of the known methods can be avoided, with reduced environmental impact, by the hydrodynamically worked medium being exposed to polar and/or ionic electrochemical potentials and electrochemical signals RC AC 1. A method for physically processing and/or heating media , in particular liquids , wherein{'b': '9', 'a medium () is subject, entirely or only a part thereof, to an ionization and/or polarization, and at the same time to an electromagnetic interaction, or is subjected multiple times to such an action,'}{'b': 9', '9, 'in a molecule of the medium () and between its molecules, force bonds are attenuated, or change, or are weakly bonded in a supermolecular structure, which leads to a change in the physical and/or chemical properties of the medium, () and'}{'b': '9', 'which expresses said change in terms of fluidity, surface tension, absorption, rate of heat consumption and heat transfer, and thermal content/enthalpy, depending on the type of medium ().'}2. The method for physically processing and/or heating media claim 1 , in particular liquids claim 1 , as defined by claim 1 , wherein{'b': '9', 'the medium () is used as a technological pretreatment for further processing in physical, chemical, petrochemical, biotechnological, and similar technologies.'}3. The method for physically processing and/or heating media claim 1 , in particular liquids claim 1 , as defined by claim 1 , wherein{'b': '2', 'a polarized electrode () is formed of a material having a positive electrochemical potential, such as Cu, C, or of a material having a negative electrochemical potential, such as stainless steel, Fe, Al, as well as of further solid, liquid or gaseous materials, which are stored separately in the interior of a silicate or quartz casing, a pipe, or a test tube.'}4. The method for physically processing and/or heating media claim 1 ...

RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

A renewable energy storage system that stores renewable energy, includes: an electrical power generator that converts renewable energy into electrical power; an electrical storage device that stores the electrical power; a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using the electrical power from the electrical power generator and/or the electrical power stored in the electrical storage device; a hydrogenation device that adds the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device to the unsaturated hydrocarbon; a saturated hydrocarbon storage device that stores the saturated hydrocarbon produced by the addition of the hydrogen to the unsaturated hydrocarbon; an unsaturated hydrocarbon storage device that stores the unsaturated hydrocarbon; and an unsaturated hydrocarbon supply controller that controls the supply of unsaturated hydrocarbon stored in the unsaturated hydrocarbon storage device to the hydrogenation device. 1. A renewable energy storage system for storing renewable energy , comprising:electrical power generator converting the renewable energy into an electrical power;energy storing device storing the electrical power;hydrogen producing device producing hydrogen, using the electrical power obtained by the electrical power generator and/or the electrical power stored by the energy storing device;hydrogenating device for adding the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen producing device to unsaturated hydrocarbon;saturated hydrocarbon storing device for storing saturated hydrocarbon produced by adding the hydrogen to the unsaturated hydrocarbon;unsaturated hydrocarbon storing device for storing the unsaturated hydrocarbon; andunsaturated hydrocarbon supply amount controller for controlling an amount of the unsaturated hydrocarbon that is stored in the unsaturated hydrocarbon storing device and is to be supplied to the hydrogenating device.2. The renewable energy storage system according to claim 1 ,wherein the hydrogen producing device is an energy- ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING MOLECULES ON SUBSTRATES

Systems and methods for synthesizing molecules on a substrate surface are disclosed. In one aspect, a molecule synthesizing system includes a crossbar array with a planar arrangement of crossbar junctions. Each crossbar junction is independently switchable between a high-resistance state and a low-resistance state. The system also includes a slab with a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface. The second surface is disposed on the crossbar array. A current applied to a crossbar junction in a high-resistance state creates an adjacent heated site on the first surface for attaching thermally reactive molecules for molecular synthesis. 1. A molecule synthesizing system comprising:a crossbar array having a planar arrangement of crossbar junctions, each crossbar junction independently switchable between a high-resistance state and a low-resistance state; anda slab having a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface, the second surface disposed on the crossbar array, wherein a current applied to a crossbar junction in a high-resistance state creates an adjacent heated site on the first surface for attaching thermally reactive molecules for molecular synthesis.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each crossbar junction further comprises a memristor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the crossbar array further comprisesa first layer of approximately parallel wires;a second layer of approximately parallel wires overlaying the first layer, wherein each wire of the second layer overlays substantially all of the wires of the first layer; anda junction disposed between each pair of overlapping wires.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the slab further comprises a porous material with a regular lattice of pores oriented substantially perpendicular to the crossbar array.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the slab further comprises a porous material with an irregular lattice of pores oriented substantially perpendicular to the crossbar ...

Virtual photon catalysis apparatus and method for catalytic treatment by using the virtual photon catalysis apparatus

A virtual photon catalysis apparatus and a method for catalytic treatment using the virtual photon catalysis apparatus. The virtual photon catalysis apparatus includes a housing; and a catalysis unit built in the housing, including a rectangular magnet group, a magnetic force enhancing post, and a magnetically permeable shoe, where an SS pole and an NN pole of a rectangular magnet in the rectangular magnet group form a magnetic field line of a corresponding magnetic field center, the magnetic force enhancing post is used for enhancing a magnetic force from the magnetic field center to a corresponding magnetic field edge, and the magnetically permeable shoe transfers and centralizes the magnetic field from the magnetic field center to the corresponding magnetic field edge, where an angle between junctions between two ends of the magnetically permeable shoe and a central wall of the magnetically permeable shoe is greater than 90 degrees.

METHOD OF AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING A HYDROGEN GENERATING SYSTEM

A method of and apparatus for optimizing a hydrogen producing system is provided. The method of optimizing the hydrogen producing system comprises producing hydrogen gas using a hydrogen producing formulation and removing a chemical substance that reduces the hydrogen gas producing efficiency. Further, the hydrogen producing system comprises a hydrogen producing catalyst, a hydrogen generating voltage applied to the hydrogen producing catalyst to generate hydrogen gas, and a catalyst regenerating device to regenerate the hydrogen producing catalyst to a chemical state capable of generating the hydrogen gas when a hydrogen generating voltage is applied. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of generating hydrogen gas comprising:a. preparing a hydrogen generating catalyst containing aluminum, copper, and silver; andb. applying a pulsed voltage to the hydrogen generating catalyst.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying a voltage incrementally until a drop of a current.16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising increasing a density of the hydrogen generating catalyst on an electrode.17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying a voltage to the aluminum claim 14 , wherein the aluminum comprises an aluminum metal.18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying a voltage to the copper claim 14 , wherein the aluminum comprises a copper metal.19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising adding aluminum metal to increase a rate of hydrogen gas production until an applied current drops.20. The method of claim 14 , further comprising adding AgCl.21. The method of claim 14 , further comprising adding HCl.2229-. (canceled)30. A method of forming a hydrogen gas generating system:a. preparing a hydrogen generating catalyst containing aluminum, copper, and silver in a first reactor by applying a base voltage a pulsed voltage to the hydrogen generating catalyst in the first reactor at a pre-hydrogen gas generation phase;b. generating hydrogen gas ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst , the apparatus comprising:a titanium reaction chamber in which a part of a chamber upper surface is made of a glass material, a lower surface is a working electrode, and the working electrode is joined to one of left and right surfaces of the titanium reaction chamber;a reaction solution which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot holder which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot capsule which is accommodated on the metal ingot holder;a reference electrode and a counter electrode which are supported in the reaction solution;a power source unit which applies voltage to the electrodes;a solution injecting unit which injects a mixture solution including a copper precursor and a platinum precursor into the reaction chamber;a laser light source which emits energy to the metal ingot;a display unit which measures and displays, in real time, a copper precursor content and a platinum precursor content in the reaction chamber, the type of reaction solution, applied voltage, an output of the emitted laser beam; anda particle diameter measuring device which measures a particle diameter of the metal nanoparticle manufactured in the reaction chamber.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the metal ingot capsule has a capsule shape having a hermetic structure in which the metal ...

ACTIVE SPECIES RADIATION DEVICE AND ACTIVE SPECIES RADIATION METHOD

An active species radiation device is for efficiently radiating active species (active oxygen or nitrogen) by using a plasma source not in contact with an irradiated object. An active species radiation device () includes: a chamber () in which flows of plasma generation gas and active species generation gas enter and which has an active species radiation port () through which active species are radiated; an upstream electrode () positioned in a part of the chamber () corresponding to an upstream portion of the flow of the plasma generation gas; and a downstream electrode () positioned in a part of the chamber () corresponding to a more downstream portion of the flow of the plasma generation gas than the upstream electrode (). The chamber () is configured so that the active species generation gas flows into a position between the upstream electrode () and the active species radiation port (). 115-. (canceled)16. An active species radiation device comprising:a chamber in which flows of plasma generation gas and active species generation gas enter and which has an active species radiation port through which active species are radiated;an upstream electrode that is positioned in a part of the chamber corresponding to an upstream portion of the flow of the plasma generation gas; anda downstream electrode that is positioned in a part of the chamber corresponding to a more downstream portion of the flow of the plasma generation gas than where the upstream electrode is positioned, the downstream electrode being configured to cause plasma to be generated from the plasma generation gas in a position between the upstream electrode and the downstream electrode, wherein a first pipe part in which the upstream electrode is positioned and having an inflow port for the plasma generation gas;', 'a second pipe part having an inflow port for the active species generation gas; and', 'a third pipe part in which the downstream electrode is positioned and having the active species ...

Plasma generating device

The present invention aims to provide a plasma generation device including: a plasma generation part which generates plasma; diluent gas supply means which supplies a diluent gas for diluting the plasma generated by the plasma generation part; and a spray port through which a plasma gas resulting from the dilution of the plasma with the diluent gas is sprayed, in which the characteristics of the plasma gas are changed and controlled so as to enlarge the plasma gas and enhance the activity of the plasma gas, without controlling the power input from a power source to the plasma generation part. The plasma generation device of the present invention includes an electromagnetic wave production device which irradiates at least one of a region where the plasma is generated and a region where the plasma gas passes with an electromagnetic wave from an antenna.

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOT AND METHOD OF CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTION OR PHOTOLUMINESCENCE REACTION BY USING THE SAME

A semiconductor quantum dot is provided with a non-metallic substrate, and has a particle size ranged from 0.3 to nm. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction or a photoluminescence reaction by using the semiconductor quantum dot is also provided. A redox reaction of a target sample is carried out, an active substance is generated, or an electron-hole pair is produced from the semiconductor quantum dot by providing the semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy. Photons are released by the combination of the electron-hole pair so as to perform the photoluminescence reaction. 1. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction by using a semiconductor quantum dot , comprising steps of:(1) mixing a target sample and the semiconductor quantum dot, wherein the semiconductor quantum dot comprises oxidized graphene oxide and has a particle size ranging from 0.3 to 100 nm; and(2) providing the semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy, so that the semiconductor quantum dot generates electron-hole pairs, and a redox reaction of the target sample is carried out by the electron-hole pairs; or the target sample or a surrounding molecule thereof generates an active substance, and a redox reaction of the target sample is carried out by the active substance.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor quantum dot comprises at least one dopant.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the dopant is selected from at least one of group IIIA element claim 2 , group IVA element claim 2 , group VA element claim 2 , group VIA element claim 2 , and transition element having an empty d orbital.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the dopant is at least one of O claim 2 , N claim 2 , P claim 2 , B claim 2 , Fe claim 2 , Co claim 2 , and Ni.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the dopant has a doping ratio more than 0 mol % and less than 50 mol %.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor quantum dot is disc- ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING AND/OR RECYCLING A BITUMINOUS PRODUCT

The invention concerns a method () for recovering and/or recycling a bituminous product by means of pulsed power, the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated, involving the following steps: —supplying () a reactor () inside which at least two electrodes () extend with the bituminous product and a liquid medium of which at least one liquid component has Hansen solubility parameters δη, δρ and δd such that the bitumen is at least partially soluble in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble, —generating () a series of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes () in the reactor () so as to produce, as a result of the power, the frequency and the switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shock wave and at least ultraviolet radiation, in such a way as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the reconstitution of the bitumen. 1100. A method () for recycling a bituminous product by pulsed power , the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated , wherein the method comprises:{'b': 101', '11', '13, 'supplying () a reactor () inside which extend at least two electrodes () with the bituminous product and a liquid medium whereof at least one liquid component exhibits Hansen solubility parameters δh, δp and δd such that the bitumen exhibits at least partial solubility in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble,'}{'b': 102', '13', '11, 'generating () a succession of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes () in the reactor () so as to produce, based on the power, frequency and switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shockwave and ultraviolet radiation so as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the bitumen from reconstituting.'}2100. ...

Plasma filtration device

A plasma filtration device has a plasma module and a filter. The filter is mounted outside of the outlet side of the plasma module. A high-electric field is formed in the plasma module to excite the air to enter a plasma state so that the structures of the hazardous substances are damaged to dissociate into cations and anions. Since the hazardous substances are damaged, the hazardous substances do not harm the users. Further, since the filter is mounted outside of the plasma filtration module, the particles blocked on the filter do not be effected by the electric fields and do not generate the undesired ozone and peculiar smell. Thus, the plasma filtration device achieves high efficiency air clean effect while preventing side effects. 1. A plasma filtration device comprising: an inlet side;', 'an outlet side;', 'an outer frame;', 'a first conducting net attached to the outer frame;', 'a first conducting plate attached to the outer frame and being in an interval with the first conducting net; and', 'a high-voltage electric field formed between the first conducting net and the first conducting plate; and, 'a first plasma module having'}a first filter mounted outside of the outlet side of the first plasma module.3. The plasma filtration device as claimed in further comprising a second plasma module having the same structure with and stacked in parallel to the first plasma module claim 1 , wherein the inlet side of the first plasma module communicates with the outlet side of the second plasma module.4. The plasma filtration device as claimed in further comprising a second plasma module having the same structure with and stacked in parallel to the first plasma module claim 2 , wherein the inlet side of the first plasma module communicates with the outlet side of the second plasma module.5. The plasma filtration device as claimed in further comprising a second filter mounted outside of the inlet side of the first plasma module.6. The plasma filtration device as claimed in ...

REGENERATIVE COOLING METHOD AND APPARATUS

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels. 1. A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber comprising , contacting the liner with or passing through the liner , at least one recycle gas to be used to create the plasma in the plasma chamber , to cool the plasma chamber liner and pre-heat the recycle gas , and returning the pre-heated recycle gas to the plasma chamber to create the plasma.2. The method of wherein the liner is graphite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cover is removed to remove any carbon deposits in the channels.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern.9. The method of claim 3 , including more than one channel.10. The method of claim 9 , ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CROSSLINKING A SILICON CARBIDE FIBER PRECURSOR POLYMER

The present disclosure generally provides methods and apparatus for efficiently crosslinking silicon carbide fiber precursor polymers with electron beam radiation. The methods and apparatus utilize a platform containing silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer. The temperature of the platform is regulated while the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer is irradiated to thereby regulate the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer thereon. In this way, the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer is regulated via the platform both during and after it is subjected to radiation. At least one of the platform and the e-beam radiation mechanism may be translated with respect to the other to irradiate different portions of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer and, ultimately, the entirety of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer contained on the platform. 1. A method of crosslinking a silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer , comprising:exposing a first portion of silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer provided on a platform to e-beam radiation from an e-beam radiation mechanism;translating at least one of the platform and the e-beam radiation with respect to the other and exposing a second portion of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer to e-beam radiation; andregulating the temperature of the platform to thereby prevent the temperature of the first and second portions of the carbide fiber precursor polymer from reaching their softening point due to the e-beam radiation.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein regulating the temperature of the platform includes regulating the temperature of the platform while the first and second portions of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer are exposed to e-beam radiation and for a time period thereafter.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein regulating the temperature of the platform includes utilizing a heat transfer material to remove ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MICROORGANISMS

The present invention discloses a method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism. The aforementioned method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for administering modified plasma; (b) providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and (c) administering the generated modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said substrate hosting said at least one microorganism to provide said at least one biological effect to said at least one microorganism. The present invention further provides a system thereof. 1. A method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism , wherein said method comprises steps of: i. a non-thermal plasma (NTP) emitting source for emitting a NTP beam;', 'ii. a plasma coupling mechanism (PCM), said PCM comprises a plasma beam dish having at least one opening for the passage of said NTP beam; said plasma beam dish having a first surface and a second opposite surface; said first surface of said plasma beam dish is mounted with at least one coupling element selected from a group consisting of: 1. at least one ferroelectric element for providing a ferroelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 2. at least one ferromagnetic element for providing a ferromagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 3. at least one piezoelectric element for providing a piezoelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; and 4. at least one piezomagnetic element for providing a piezomagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; said system additionally comprises at least one reflecting element configured to focus said NTP beam thereby generating modified plasma beam;, 'a. providing a system for administering modified plasma, said system comprisesb. providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and,c. administering said modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said at least one microorganism hosted in ...

Chemical method catalysed by ferromagnetic nanoparticles

A method for the heterogeneous catalysis of a chemical reaction using, in a reactor, at least one reagent and a catalytic composition that can catalyze the reaction within a given range of temperatures T. At least one reagent is brought into contact with the catalytic composition which includes a ferromagnetic nanoparticulate component whose surface is formed at least partially by a compound that is a catalyst for the reaction; the nanoparticulate component is heated by magnetic induction in order to reach a temperature within the range of temperatures T; and the reaction product(s) formed on the surface of the nanoparticulate component are recovered. A catalytic composition includes a ferromagnetic nanoparticulate component that can be heated by magnetic induction to the reaction temperature, whose surface thereof is at least partially formed by a catalyst compound for the reaction. The catalyst is heated by the effect of the magnetic field.

SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

An improved system for generating graphene involves a liquid reaction chamber configured to receive a working liquid source, a carbon atom source, and a catalyst to cause a chemical reaction in the reaction chamber and a resulting reactant liquid comprising ring structures having starved carbon atoms. The ring structures are provided to a graphene generation chamber having a magnetic structure that includes a two-dimensional array of alternating polarity magnetic sources that produce a magnetic field having a gradient sufficient to float graphene over the magnetic structure. The graphene generation chamber generates graphene from said ring structures over the magnetic structure such that the graphene floats over the magnetic structure due to said graphene being diamagnetic. The rate at which the ring structures are produced is controlled to control the rate of graphene generation. The magnetic field of the magnetic structure can be controlled to control the rate at which the generated graphene moves through the graphene generation chamber until it exits as a recovered graphene product. 1. A system for generating graphene in a magnetic field , comprising:a liquid reaction chamber configured to receive a working liquid source, a carbon atom source, and a catalyst to cause a chemical reaction in the reaction chamber and a resulting reactant liquid comprising ring structures having starved carbon atoms; a growth portion;', 'a recovery portion; and', 'a magnetic structure comprising a two-dimensional array of alternating polarity magnetic sources, said magnetic structure producing a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient sufficient to float the graphene film over said magnetic structure, said magnetic structure extending from said growth portion to said recovery portion; and, 'a graphene generation chamber coupled to said liquid reaction chamber and configured to receive said resulting reactant liquid as it exits said liquid reaction chamber, said graphene ...

MAGNETIC DECOMPOSITION DEVICE, AND MAGNETIC DECOMPOSITION METHOD

[Object] To perform a magnetic decomposition treatment by effectively utilizing smoke emissions. 1. A magnetic decomposition device that decomposes waste by performing magnetic decomposition utilizing air to which a magnetic field is appiled , comprising:a decomposition treatment section that applies a decomposition treatment to the waste;a blower that circulates smoke emissions discharged from the decomposition treatment section;a filter section that includes a shower having a watering pipe and disposed at a front stage of the blower in a flowing direction of the smoke emissions, and a water tank filter disposed at a rear stage of the blower in the flowing direction of the smoke emissions;an exhaust duct that feeds smoke emissions of the decomposition treatment section to the filter section;an intake duct that feeds smoke emissions filtered by the filter section to the decomposition treatment section; anda magnet, that is provided on the intake duct and applies a magnetic field to filtered smoke emissions.2. The magnetic decomposition device according to claim 1 , wherein the decomposition treatment section starts the decomposition treatment by using a hot air gun.3. The magnetic decomposition device according to claim 1 , wherein the filter section includes a swashplate filter formed of a plurality of plates disposed alternately diagonally at the front stage of the blower and at the rear stage of the shower.4. The magnetic decomposition device according to claim 1 , wherein on an inner wall of a thermal decomposition treatment chamber of the decomposition treatment section claim 1 , a swashplate flue with an air intake part formed of an upward swashplate along an air flowing direction is formed.5. The magnetic decomposition device according to claim 1 , wherein a bypass piping for a part of the smoke emissions flowing in the intake duct to the exhaust duct to bypass the decomposition treatment section is provided.6. A magnetic decomposition method to decompose ...

ZEOLITE COATING PREPARATION ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION METHOD

The present invention relates to a zeolite coating preparation assembly () and operation method wherein zeolite adsorbents are coated by crystallization process on various surfaces heated by induction. The objective of the present invention is to provide a zeolite coating preparation assembly () and operation method; by which time saving is achieved owing to heating by induction, material saving is achieved since large heating resistances and complicated reactors are not used; and which is thus more economical; and wherein thicker and more stable coatings with high diffusion coefficients are prepared by using a more practical reaction system in a shorter period of time in comparison to the known methods, and wherein mass production is enabled. 1. A zeolite coating preparation assembly comprising:at least one reactor, wherein the reaction is carried out, and wherein heating by induction is performed accompanied by circulation of the synthesis solution, and which is a container lidded on top, and which is made of a material with a low electrical conductivity for preventing zeolite formation on the walls thereof and preventing heating of the synthesis solution;synthesis solution which is filled into the reactor, which includes the reactants that are used to prepare the zeolite coating, which is prepared as diluted in order to increase the quality of the coating, and which is circulated throughout the assembly;at least one substrate made of an electrically conductive material, which is immersed in the synthesis solution and heated from a distance by induction to a temperature higher than that of the synthesis solution;at least one induction device which is located outside of the reactor and is positioned near the reactor at such a distance that the magnetic field that it generates by passing electric current over its coil will heat the substrate within the reactor;at least one feeding tank in the form of a container, which is placed in a. water bath outside of the ...

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

An instrument and method for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides are disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting a protected first amino acid linked to a solid phase resin by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves, activating a second amino acid, coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves, and cleaving the linked peptide from the solid phase resin by admixing the linked peptide with a cleaving composition in the same vessel while irradiating the composition with microwaves. 1. A process for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides , and comprising:deprotecting the alpha-amino group of a first amino acid protected with a composition selected from the group consisting of Na-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and Na-t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and linked to solid phase resin particles by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves;activating a second amino acid;coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves;agitating the amino acids and peptide with an inert gas; andsuccessively deprotecting, and coupling a plurality of amino acids into a peptide in the same microwave transparent vessel without removing the peptide from the same vessel between cycles.2. A peptide synthesis process according to comprising agitating the amino acids and peptide with nitrogen gas.3. A peptide synthesis process according to comprising cooling the vessel during any one or more of the deprotecting and coupling steps to prevent heat accumulation from the microwave energy from degrading the solid phase support or the peptide.4. A peptide synthesis process according to comprising ...

System and Method for Charging Fluids

Devices, systems, and methods for charging fluids are disclosed. The charging of fluids improves the mixing of fluids in microfluidic systems. The charging is performed by producing an ion field ( 50 ) between an ionizing electrode ( 20 ) and an opposed ground electrode ( 30 ). A fluid-containing vessel ( 40 ) is positioned between the opposed electrodes and the ion field charges the fluid ( 41 ) in the vessel.

Device for handling of magnetic particles and method for handling magnetic particles

A device for handling of magnetic particles, in which liquids and a gel-like medium are loaded. The device is provided with: a first liquid containing part in which a first liquid is contained; a second liquid contained, part in which a second liquid is contained, a third liquid containing part in which a third liquid is contained, and a first gel-like medium containing part in which the first gel-like medium is contained. The first liquid containing part, the second liquid containing part and the third liquid containing part are connected to the first gel-like medium containing part. The first liquid, the second liquid and the third liquid are separated from each other by the first gel-like medium.

Process Stream Decontamination Systems and Methods

A decontamination system for decontaminating at least one contaminant in a process stream. Decontaminant liquid is dispersed into the process stream using atomization. A controller detects contaminant levels in the process stream and adjusts the flow of decontaminant fluid into the process stream in response.

PRODUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES

A method and apparatus for the manufacture of nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide in which a plasma is formed from nitrogen and oxygen passed through gas inlets into a reaction chamber to create a vorticular flow in the reaction chamber. A source of microwave energy is used to energise the nitrogen and oxygen in a microwave transparent inner plasma containment 131-. (canceled)32. A nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide manufacturing apparatus comprising:a first reaction chamber;a first set of inlets for introducing reacting gases into the first reaction chamber arranged to create a vorticular flow in the first reaction chamber, wherein the reacting gases are nitrogen and oxygen; anda first microwave-transparent inner plasma containment cylinder disposed within the first reaction chamber and a first microwave source arranged to direct microwaves at the first microwave-transparent inner plasma containment cylinder to create a plasma.33. The apparatus according to claim 32 , in which the microwaves have a wavelength in free space claim 32 , and the first reaction chamber has a diameter which is between multiples of 0.5 and 1.5 times the wavelength in free space.34. The apparatus according to claim 32 , further including a second reaction chamber having a second inlet claim 32 , the first reaction chamber having an outlet connected to the second inlet so that the gases flow in a downstream direction from the first reaction chamber flow into the second reaction chamber.35. The apparatus according to claim 34 , in which the second reaction chamber has a second microwave-transparent inner plasma containment cylinder and claim 34 , in use claim 34 , the gases flow into the second microwave-transparent inner plasma containment cylinder.36. The apparatus according to claim 35 , further including a second microwave source arranged to direct microwaves at the second microwave-transparent inner plasma containment cylinder.37. The apparatus according to claim 35 , further including ...

COLD FILAMENT IGNITION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SILICON RODS

A method and system of igniting one or more filaments for silicon production includes applying an output voltage to the one or more filaments using a transformer connected with the one or more filaments. In addition, the method includes supplying, in combination with the application of the output voltage, a current to a primary winding of the transformer via a choke to limit the current to a first predetermined current threshold range. The combination of the supplied current and applied output voltage allows a predetermined output range to be generated from a power supply device initially required to ignite the one or more filaments. 1. A method of igniting one or more filaments for silicon production , comprising:applying an output voltage to the one or more filaments using a transformer connected with the one or more filaments; andsupplying, in combination with the application of the output voltage, a current to a primary winding of the transformer via a choke to limit the current to a first predetermined current threshold range,wherein the combination of the supplied current and applied output voltage allows a predetermined output range to be generated from a power supply device initially required to ignite the one or more filaments.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying the output voltage to each of the one or more filaments.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the output voltage is applied to each of the one or more filaments via an input voltage to the primary winding based on a turns ratio.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the input voltage ranges from about 200 V to 700 V and the output voltage ranges from about 6 claim 2 ,000 V to 10 claim 2 ,000 V.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first predetermined current threshold range is about 4 A to 8 A.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transformer is a single phase transformer and the choke is an inductor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more filaments has a hairpin ...

METHODS, MATERIALS, AND SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING ALCOHOLS

Described herein is a method of converting a first alcohol to a second alcohol that includes forming a mixture including a superparamagnetic catalyst and a feedstock, wherein the feedstock includes the first alcohol, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field to form a product, wherein the product includes a second alcohol having a longer carbon chain length than the first alcohol. A flow-through method is described for converting a first alcohol to a second alcohol, wherein the second alcohol has a longer carbon chain length than the first alcohol. Also described is a method of converting glycerol to butanol that includes forming a mixture including a superparamagnetic catalyst and a feedstock, wherein the feedstock includes glycerol, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field to form a product, wherein the product includes butanol. A flow-through method is described for converting glycerol to butanol. 1. A method for converting a first alcohol to a second alcohol , the method comprising:contacting a superparamagnetic catalyst and a feedstock to form a mixture, wherein the feedstock comprises the first alcohol having a carbon chain of a first length; andexposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field to form a product, wherein the product comprises the second alcohol having a carbon chain of a second length, wherein the second length is longer than the first length.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first alcohol comprises glycerol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first alcohol comprises glycerol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second alcohol comprises butanol claim 1 , octanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , ethanol or combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second alcohol comprises butanol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first alcohol comprises glycerol and the second alcohol ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARATION OF OCTACHLOROTRISILANE

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for controlled preparation of octachlorotrisilane from monomeric chlorosilanes, by subjecting the chlorosilanes to a thermal plasma. 1. A process for preparing octachlorotrisilane by subjecting chlorosilanes comprising at least one monomeric chlorosilane of the general formula I:{'br': None, 'sub': x', '4-x, 'HSiCl\u2003\u2003(I),'}where x is independently selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3 to a thermal plasma.2. The process according to claim 1 ,further comprising obtaining as a mixture octachlorotrisilane and hexachlorodisilane.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising isolating ultrahigh-purity octachlorotrisilane.4. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising obtaining octachlorotrisilane having a titanium content of less than 1 ppm by weight.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactant used is ultrahigh-purity tetrachlorosilane claim 1 , ultrahigh-purity trichlorosilane claim 1 , and/or ultrahigh-purity dichlorosilane.6. The process according to that isperformed in an apparatus comprising a gas discharge reactor having two columns.7. The process according to claim 6 , whereina first column is provided with a column inlet for removal of the octachlorotrisilane upstream of the gas discharge reactor and a second column with a column inlet for removal of the low boilers downstream of the gas discharge reactor, andthe column outlet of column has a dedicated gas divider, andthe gas divider has a dedicated recycle line which supplies the low boilers to the first or to the gas discharge reactor as a return stream.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the gas divider has a shut-off claim 7 , valve claim 7 , or other regulating unit.9. The process according to claim 6 , wherein chlorosilane of the formula I or chlorosilane of the formula I is introduced into the gas discharge reactor or supplied to the first column in a mixture with hexachlorodisilane.10. The process according to ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 1. A system for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction , the system comprising:a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; anda recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the collector comprises an electrostatic precipitator.4. The system according to claim 3 , ...

Materials with Atomically Dispersed Chemical Moieties

Synthetic materials that are useful as heterogeneous catalysts or electrocatalysts. The materials can be used to catalyze oxidation and/or reduction reactions and/or oxygen/hydrogen evolution/oxydation reactions. 1. A method for chemical and electrochemical conversion and transformation of a chemicals , molecules , or compounds by supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) , carbon monoxide (CO) , water , oxygen , hydrogen , an oxyfuels or organic/inorganic molecules to a reactor comprising a metal-heteroatom-carbon (M-X-C) catalyst under electrocatalytic or chemical catalytic conditions at which the catalyst catalyzes/promotes an oxidation , reduction , conversion reaction , an oxygen reduction or evolution reaction , a hydrogen oxidation or evolution reaction , or electrolysis.2. The method of wherein the M-X-C catalyst is a morphologically designed porous claim 1 , self-supported solid-phase material comprising atomically dispersed transition metal moieties coordinated with heteroatomic moieties or heteroatomic and carbon moieties.3. The method of wherein the oxyfuel is selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid claim 1 , oxalate claim 1 , formate claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , 2-propanol claim 1 , pyruvate claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , malate claim 1 , tartrate and the like.4. The method of wherein the chemical or compound is CO2 or CO claim 1 , NO and the catalyzed reaction is a reduction reaction.5. The method of wherein the chemical or compound is an oxyfuel and the reaction is an oxidation or reduction reaction.6. The method of wherein the chemical or compound is an organic airborne contaminant and the reaction is an oxidation or reduction reaction.7. The method of wherein the chemical or compound is an organic wastewater contaminant and the reaction is an oxidation or reduction reaction.8. The method of wherein the chemical or compound is an organic agricultural feedstock bio-component and the reaction is an oxidation ...

ELECTRO-SYNTHESIS OF URANIUM CHLORIDE FUEL SALTS

This disclosure describes systems and methods for synthesizing UClfrom UCl. These systems and methods may also be used to directly synthesize binary and ternary embodiments of uranium salts of chloride usable as nuclear fuel in certain molten salt reactor designs. The systems and methods described herein are capable of synthesizing any desired uranium chloride fuel salt that is a combination of UCl, UCland one or more non-fissile chloride compounds, such as NaCl. In particular, the systems and methods described herein are capable of synthesizing any UCl—UCl—NaCl or UCl—NaCl fuel salt composition from UCl—NaCl. 1. A method for synthesizing UClcomprising:{'sub': '4', 'providing a quantity of fuel salt, the fuel salt having a first amount of UCl;'}melting the quantity of fuel salt; and{'sub': 4', '3, 'applying an electric current to the fuel salt, thereby reducing at least some UClto UCl.'}2. The method of further comprising:{'sub': 4', '3, 'applying the electric current to the fuel salt for a first length of time sufficient to reduce all of the UClto UCl.'}3. The method of further comprising:{'sub': '3', 'applying the electric current to the fuel salt at an amperage and for a second length of time, wherein the amperage of the applied electric current over the second length of time is stoichiometrically calculated to create a target amount of UCl.'}4. The method of wherein applying the electric current to the fuel salt comprises:applying the electric current to the fuel salt at a constant amperage for the second length of time.5. The method of further comprising:{'sub': 3', '4, 'identifying a desired final ratio of UClto UClto be obtained in the quantity of fuel salt;'}{'sub': '3', 'determining the target amount of UClto be created based on the desired final ratio and the quantity of fuel salt;'}{'sub': '3', 'stoichiometrically determining the amperage and second length of time for the applied electric current based on the target amount of UClto be created; and'}{'sub ...

METHOD OF AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING A HYDROGEN GENERATING SYSTEM

A method of and apparatus for optimizing a hydrogen producing system is provided. The method of optimizing the hydrogen producing system comprises producing hydrogen gas using a hydrogen producing formulation and removing a chemical substance that reduces the hydrogen gas producing efficiency. Further, the hydrogen producing system comprises a hydrogen producing catalyst, a hydrogen generating voltage applied to the hydrogen producing catalyst to generate hydrogen gas, and a catalyst regenerating device to regenerate the hydrogen producing catalyst to a chemical state capable of generating the hydrogen gas when a hydrogen generating voltage is applied. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of making a hydrogen generating system comprising:a. preparing a hydrogen generating catalyst containing aluminum, copper, and silver; andb. applying a pulsed voltage to the hydrogen generating catalyst.1514. The method of , further comprising applying a voltage incrementally until a drop of a current.1614. The method of , further comprising increasing a density of the hydrogen generating catalyst on an electrode.1714. The method of , further comprising applying a voltage to the aluminum , wherein the aluminum comprises an aluminum metal.1814. The method of , further comprising applying a voltage to the copper , wherein the aluminum comprises a copper metal.1914. The method of , further comprising adding aluminum metal to increase a rate of hydrogen gas production until an applied current drops.2014. The method of , further comprising adding AgCl.2114. The method of , further comprising adding HCl.22. A hydrogen producing system comprising:a. a hydrogen producing catalyst containing Al(OH)x, copper, and silver, wherein x is 1, 2, 3, or 4;b. a hydrogen generating voltage applied to the hydrogen producing catalyst to generate hydrogen gas; andc. a catalyst regenerating device to regenerate the hydrogen producing catalyst to a chemical state generating the hydrogen gas when the hydrogen ...

FLOW-THROUGH CAVITATION-ASSISTED RAPID MODIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL

A device and method are provided for manipulating petroleum, non-conventional oil and other viscous complex fluids made of hydrocarbons that comprise enforcement of fluid in a multi-stage flow-through hydrodynamic cavitational reactor, subjecting said fluids to a controlled cavitation and continuing the application of such cavitation for a period of time sufficient for obtaining desired changes in physical properties and/or chemical composition and generating the upgraded products. The method includes alteration of chemical bonds, induction of interactions of components, changes in composition, heterogeneity and rheological characteristics in order to facilitate handling, improve yields of distillate fuels and optimize other properties. 1. A process for modification of crude oil , comprising the steps of:combining crude oil with water and a catalyst to create a fluidic crude oil;pumping the fluidic crude oil through a flowpath in a multi-stage, flow-through, hydrodynamic cavitation device;generating localized zones of reduced fluid pressure in the fluidic crude oil as it is pumped through the flowpath;creating cavitational features in the localized zones of reduced fluid pressure;collapsing the cavitational features to expose components of the fluidic crude oil to sudden, localized increases in temperature and pressure; andinducing chemical reactions between components in the fluidic crude oil to promote molecular rearrangement of the components and modify rheological parameters of the fluidic crude oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluidic crude oil is pumped at a controlled inlet pressure approximating ambient pressure.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowpath has a series of chambers with varying diameters and static elements to create sudden reductions in fluid pressure.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitational features comprise cavitation bubbles containing vapors of volatile components in the fluidic crude oil.5. The process of ...

Conversion of Metal Carbonate to Metal Chloride

A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx−, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx−, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , comprising:providing a chlorinating agent,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as a solid with the chlorinating agent to form metal chloride MCl,'}wherein metal M being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x corresponds to the valence of the metal cation, andadditionally adding metal M as a reactant to the reaction of metal carbonate with the chlorinating agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal M added as a reactant with a metal/metal carbonate weight ratio of less than 5/10 in order to generate thermal energy.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate for the reaction with the chlorinating agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent comprises chlorine or oxalyl chloride.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal chloride is subsequently reacted to produce metal M.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal M produced by the subsequent reaction of the metal chloride is reacted at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 5 , to form a metal circuit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor claim 7 , in which the chlorinating agent is added as a gas in cocurrent with the ...

Lubricant Viscosity Modification System

A system for modifying viscosity of a lubricant. The system including a viscosity modification device configured to change viscosity of the lubricant between a first viscosity and a second viscosity. The second viscosity is lower than the first viscosity. 1. A system for modifying viscosity of a lubricant , the system comprising:a viscosity modification device configured to change viscosity of the lubricant between a first viscosity and a second viscosity, the second viscosity is lower than the first viscosity.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant includes engine oil claim 1 , transmission oil claim 1 , or engine cylinder lubricant.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modification device is a frequency pulse generator configured to:generate a first frequency pulse and pass the first frequency pulse through the lubricant to provide the lubricant at the first viscosity; andgenerate a second frequency pulse that is lower than the first frequency pulse and pass the second frequency pulse through the lubricant to provide the lubricant at the second viscosity.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein:the first frequency pulse is above a natural resonance frequency of the lubricant; andthe second frequency pulse is below the natural resonance frequency of the lubricant.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modification device is an electric pulse generator configured to:generate a first electric pulse and pass the first electric pulse through the lubricant to provide the lubricant at the first viscosity; andgenerate a second electric pulse that has a lower voltage than the first electric pulse and pass the second electric pulse through the lubricant to provide the lubricant at the second viscosity.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at the first viscosity claim 1 , molecules of the lubricant are claim 1 , overall claim 1 , closer together as compared to the second viscosity.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant includes nanoparticles ...

Circulating Magnetoelectric-Induction Reaction System and Application Thereof

The present invention discloses a circulating magnetoelectric-induction reaction system and application thereof. The system comprises an alternating induction voltage unit, an alternating induction magnetic field unit, a low-frequency power supply, and a feed liquid container. The alternating induction voltage unit is mainly composed of a closed iron core, a primary coil, a secondary coil, and an induction voltage cavity. The alternating induction magnetic field unit is mainly composed of a C-shaped iron core, a primary coil, and a magnetic field cavity. The low-frequency power supply is connected to the primary coils in the alternating induction voltage unit and the alternating induction magnetic field unit and provides excitation voltage for the primary coils. The secondary coil comprises an insulating pipeline, which serves as a feed liquid circulating pipeline, and has both ends exposed out of the induction voltage cavity, with one end as a feed inlet and the other as a discharge outlet. The feed liquid container communicates with the feed liquid circulating pipelines in the alternating induction voltage unit and the alternating induction magnetic field unit to form a feed liquid circulation loop. Through the application, continuous-flow processing can be achieved, electrochemical reaction and ionic polarization can be avoided, and production and processing can be conducted efficiently and rapidly in a large scale. 1. A circulating magnetoelectric-induction reaction system , comprising: a closed iron core,', 'a primary coil wound on one side of the closed iron core, and', 'a secondary coil wound on the other side of the closed iron core and arranged in an induction voltage cavity, wherein the secondary coil comprises an insulating pipeline, which is capable of being used as a feed liquid circulating pipeline, wherein the two ends of the insulating pipeline expose out of the induction voltage cavity and are used as a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, ...

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA PROCESSING OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS UTILIZING CLOSE PROXIMITY INDIRECT EXPOSURE

A plasma treatment method that includes providing treatment chamber including an intermediate heating volume and an interior treatment volume. The interior treatment volume contains an electrode assembly for generating a plasma and the intermediate heating volume heats the interior treatment volume. A work piece is traversed through the treatment chamber. A process gas is introduced to the interior treatment volume of the treatment chamber. A plasma is formed with the electrode assembly from the process gas, wherein a reactive species of the plasma is accelerated towards the fiber tow by flow vortices produced in the interior treatment volume by the electrode assembly. 1. A plasma treatment apparatus comprising:a chamber including an interior treatment volume;at least one process gas inlet into the interior treatment volume;a work piece extending through the interior treatment volume, wherein the work piece enters the interior treatment volume at a first end of the chamber and exits the interior treatment volume at a second end of the chamber; andan electrode assembly present in the interior treatment volume in close proximity to the work piece, wherein the electrode assembly includes a dielectric barrier and at least two plasma-generating electrodes present on a surface of a dielectric barrier that are separated from one another.2. The plasma treatment apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chamber comprises a heat element for heating the interior treatment volume claim 1 , wherein the heat element is selected from the group consisting of resistive heaters claim 1 , contact heaters claim 1 , air process heater claim 1 , infrared heaters claim 1 , microwave heating and combinations thereof.3. The plasma treatment apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chamber includes an outer shell and an intermediate heating volume claim 1 , wherein the interior treatment volume is separated from the intermediate heating volume by an inner shell.4. The plasma treatment apparatus of claim ...

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

An instrument and method for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides are disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting a protected first amino acid linked to a solid phase resin by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves, activating a second amino acid, coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves, and cleaving the linked peptide from the solid phase resin by admixing the linked peptide with a cleaving composition in the same vessel while irradiating the composition with microwaves. 1. A process for accelerating the solid phase synthesis of peptides , and comprising:deprotecting the alpha-amino group of a first amino acid protected with a composition selected from the group consisting of N{acute over (α)}-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and N{acute over (α)}-t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and linked to solid phase resin particles by admixing the protected linked acid with a deprotecting solution in a microwave transparent vessel while irradiating the admixed acid and solution with microwaves;activating a second amino acid;coupling the second amino acid to the first acid while irradiating the composition in the same vessel with microwaves;agitating the amino acids and peptide with an inert gas; andsuccessively deprotecting, and coupling a plurality of amino acids into a peptide in the same microwave transparent vessel without removing the peptide from the same vessel between cycles.2. A peptide synthesis process according to comprising agitating the amino acids and peptide with nitrogen gas.3. A peptide synthesis process according to comprising cooling the vessel during any one or more of the deprotecting and coupling steps to prevent heat accumulation from the microwave energy from degrading the solid phase support or the peptide.4. A peptide syntheses ...

Methods And Apparatus To Control Reaction Rates Of Chemical Reactions By Applying A Magnetic Field

Methods and apparatus to control reaction rates of chemical reactions. Methods can include mixing chemical reactants to provide a reaction mixture, at least one chemical reactant being magnetic; and applying a magnetic field to the reaction mixture, the magnetic field being applied to effect a control of the rate of a chemical reaction between the reactants in the reaction mixture, the magnetic field being effective to change the reaction rate over a chemical reaction between the same reactants at the same pressure and temperature where the reaction mixture is not exposed to the magnetic field. 1. A method of promoting and selecting a chemical reaction , comprising the steps of:admixing chemical precursors, wherein at least one chemical precursor or its intermediate is magnetic; andapplying a supplemental magnetic field to the chemical precursors, wherein the chemical reaction is promoted.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial reaction temperature is in the range of about 25° to 1000° Celsius.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the initial reaction occurs at a temperature in a range of about 25° to about 75° Celsius.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chemical precursor is selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , coal claim 1 , diamond claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , proteins claim 1 , and various combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one chemical precursor or its intermediate contains carbon claim 1 , wherein during the step of applying the supplemental magnetic field claim 1 , the carbon undergoes a dynamic transition to become magnetic.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein during the step of applying the supplemental magnetic field claim 5 , the carbon undergoes a dynamic transition to become ferromagnetic.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental magnetic field is in the range of up to about 50 Tesla (T).8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the supplemental magnetic field is ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOFIBERS FROM LIGHT HYDROCARBONS

A process and apparatus for producing carbon nanofibers. The process comprises two stages. The first stage involves oxidizing light hydrocarbon with carbon dioxide or water, or oxygen, or a combination thereof to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The second stage involves converting the produced hydrogen and the carbon monoxide to carbon nanofibers and steam. In this way, greenhouse gases may be reduced by using carbon dioxide and methane (and/or other light hydrocarbons) as reactants; and useful products may be produced, such as Carbon NanoFibers (CNF). 137.-. (canceled)38. A process for producing carbon nanofibers , the process comprising:in a first reactor, reacting a light hydrocarbon stream with an oxidizing agent to perform reforming reaction to produce an intermediate gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; andin a subsequent second reactor, converting the produced hydrogen and the carbon monoxide selectively to carbon nanofibers that build up inside the second reactor, and steam which exits the second reactor.39. The process of claim 38 , further comprising: separating claim 38 , using a separator claim 38 , the unreacted portions of COand the light hydrocarbon from the intermediate gas stream; and recycling the separated unreacted portions of COand the light hydrocarbon into the first reactor.40. The process of claim 39 , wherein the step of separating the unreacted portions of COand the hydrocarbon from the converted gas stream from the first reactor is carried out using a membrane separator.41. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the first reactor is configured to enable dry catalytic reforming of the hydrocarbon.42. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the process of conversion in the first reactor is carried out at a temperature between about 480° C. and about 850° C. claim 38 , and at a pressure up to about 5 MPa.43. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the hydrocarbon is methane.44. The process according to ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN

Exemplary embodiments of methods and systems for hydrogen production using an electro-activated material are provided. In some exemplary embodiments, carbon can be electro-activated and used in a chemical reaction with water and a fuel, such as aluminum, to generate hydrogen, where the by-products are electro-activated carbon, and aluminum oxide or aluminum hydroxide. Controlling the temperature of the reaction, and the amounts of aluminum and electro-activated carbon can provide hydrogen on demand at a desired rate of hydrogen generation. 1. A method of producing a catalyst for hydrogen production , comprising:providing electrical energy to a carbon material to electro-activate the carbon material; andusing the electro-activated carbon material to produce hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is provided in a liquid composition comprising water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the liquid composition further comprises an electrolyte.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy is provided at approximately 6 ampere-hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is one or more of pure carbon claim 1 , solid carbon claim 1 , crushed carbon claim 1 , sintered carbon claim 1 , carbon composites claim 1 , charcoal claim 1 , pressed carbon claim 1 , carbon blocks claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , carbon granules claim 1 , granulated activated carbon or coal.6. A method of producing hydrogen claim 1 , comprising:combining electro-activated carbon with a liquid composition; andgenerating a chemical reaction between the combination of electro-activated carbon and the liquid composition to produce hydrogen.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:combining the electro-activated carbon and liquid composition with a fuel; andgenerating a chemical reaction between the combination of the electro-activated carbon, liquid composition and fuel to produce hydrogen.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fuel is one of pure aluminum ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXPANSION OF GRAPHITE

In a first implementation, a method for exfoliation of graphene flakes from a graphite sample includes compressing a graphite sample in an electrochemical reactor and applying a voltage between the graphite sample and an electrode in the electrochemical cell. 1. A method for exfoliation of graphene flakes from a graphite sample , the method comprising:compressing a graphite sample in an electrochemical reactor; andapplying a voltage between the graphite sample and an electrode in the electrochemical cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein compressing the graphite sample comprises:pressing the graphite against an electrode member using a moveable ceramic membrane, wherein the ceramic membrane is permeable to the electrolyte.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising annealing hydrogenated graphene flakes at 500 to 800° C. to yield graphene flakes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode member is a cathode.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the graphite sample is in electrical contact with a boron-doped diamond cathode member.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises propylene carbonate and 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applied voltage is −5 V to −100 V.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising varying a force that compresses the graphite sample.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein varying the force comprises reducing a pressure pressing the graphite sample against the cathode member after 2-3 hours of applied voltage at −60 V.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pelletizing the graphite sample.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voltage is applied for a total of 24 hours.12. An apparatus for the exfoliation of graphite claim 1 , the apparatus comprising:an electrochemical reactor; an anode;', 'a cathode member;, 'electrodes comprising'}a graphite sample; anda compression apparatus configured to compress the graphite sample during an exfoliation reaction.13. The ...

MICROFLUIDIC REACTORS FOR OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS

The present disclosure generally pertains to systems and methods for the chemical synthesis of micro-quantities of oligonucleotides or other chemical molecules. The system includes a reusable glass micro-reactor containing a paramagnetic solid support, a magnet, an electronic drive controller and an optical spectroscopy system capable of driving a plurality individual reactors. The system utilizes the electroosmotic movement of reactants through microfluidic channels. Spectrophotometric monitoring of the reaction products allows for the real-time determination of synthesis yield. 1. An apparatus for synthesizing a molecule , comprising:a reaction substrate having at least one reaction chamber and at least one microfluidic channel for transferring a reagent to the reaction chamber;a reagent cassette coupled to the substrate, the reagent cassette having at least one reagent port for transferring the reagent from the cassette to the microfluidic channel;a paramagnetic solid support positioned within the reaction chamber; anda magnet positioned such that the paramagnetic solid support is located within a magnetic field generated in the magnet, wherein the magnetic field is sufficient for holding the paramagnetic solid support in the reaction chamber while the reagent is flowing through the reaction chamber.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a power supply configured to apply a voltage differential claim 1 , wherein the voltage differential is sufficient for generating an electroosmotic force to cause the reagent to flow from the cassette through the microfluidic channel.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a spectrophotometer positioned near the microfluidic channel.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reaction substrate comprises photodefinable glass.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of reaction substrates.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reaction substrate comprises a plurality of reaction chambers.7. ...

OZONE SUPPLYING APPARATUS, OZONE SUPPLYING METHOD, AND CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM DRAWING SYSTEM

An ozone supplying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is an ozone gas supplying apparatus which supplies an ozone gas to a vacuum apparatus. The ozone supplying apparatus includes an ozone generator configured to generate the ozone gas, a first flow controller configured to control a flow rate of the ozone gas generated by the ozone generator, a second flow controller configured to control a flow rate of the ozone gas supplied to the vacuum apparatus, and a main pipe provided on a secondary side of the first flow controller and on a primary side of the second flow controller, with the ozone gas being introduced into the main pipe at such a flow rate that an internal pressure of the main pipe is controlled to be lower than atmospheric pressure by the first flow controller. 1. An ozone supplying apparatus which supplies ozone gas to a vacuum apparatus , comprising:an ozone generator configured to generate the ozone gas;a first flow controller configured to control a flow rate of the ozone gas generated by the ozone generator;a second flow controller configured to control a flow rate of the ozone gas supplied to the vacuum apparatus; anda main pipe provided on a secondary side of the first flow controller and on a primary side of the second flow controller, with the ozone gas being introduced into the main pipe at such a flow rate that an internal pressure of the main pipe is controlled to be lower than atmospheric pressure by the first flow controller.2. The ozone supplying apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a first exhaust provided at a first sub-pipe which is connected to the main pipe at a connection point, the first exhaust configured to exhaust part of the ozone gas that is introduced into the main pipe, at a predetermined flow rate.3. The ozone supplying apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinthe connection point is provided at a point where a ratio between a first capacity and a second capacity is 800 to 8,000:1, the ...

NON-METALLIC SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOT AND METHOD OF CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTION OR PHOTOLUMINESCENCE REACTION BY USING THE SAME

A non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot is provided with a non-metallic substrate, and has a particle size ranged from 0.3 to 100 nm. A method of carrying out a chemical reaction or a photoluminescence reaction by using the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot is also provided. A redox reaction of a target sample is carried out, an active substance is generated, or an electron-hole pair is produced from the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot by providing the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot with a predetermined energy. Photons are released by the combination of the electron-hole pair so as to perform the photoluminescence reaction. 1. A non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot , comprising a non-metallic substrate , and having a particle size ranged from 0.3 nm to 100 nm.2. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 1 , wherein the non-metallic substrate is made of a group IVA element.3. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 2 , wherein the non-metallic substrate is a carbon-based material or a silicon-based material.4. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon-based material is graphene or graphene oxide.5. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 1 , wherein the non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot comprises at least one dopant.6. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 5 , wherein the dopant is selected from at least one of group IIIA element claim 5 , group IVA element claim 5 , group VA element claim 5 , group VIA element claim 5 , and transition element having an empty d orbital.7. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 6 , wherein the dopant is O claim 6 , N claim 6 , P claim 6 , B claim 6 , Fe claim 6 , Co claim 6 , or Ni.8. The non-metallic semiconductor quantum dot according to claim 5 , wherein the dopant has a doping ratio more than 0 mol % and less than 50 mol %.9. The non-metallic ...

Modular refining reactor and refining methods

Methods and apparatus for refining feedstocks, such as crude or synthetic oil, and like feedstocks, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a reactor for refining a feedstock includes: a chamber having an inner volume to hold a liquid feedstock, a feedstock inlet port, a process gas inlet port, and an outlet port; a gas diffuser housed within the chamber and coupled to the process gas inlet port; and a radical generator coupled in fluid communication with the inner volume via the gas diffuser. In some embodiments, a method for refining feedstock includes: providing liquid feedstock to an inner volume of a reactor; flowing a radicalized process gas from a radical generator into the inner volume and into contact with the feedstock via a gas diffuser to fractionate the feedstock and produce one or more fractions of product in a vaporous mixture; and collecting a desired product from the vaporous mixture.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING SULFER AND HALOGENS

Provided herein are systems and methods for removing halogens and sulfur from used oil. The used oil is heated and aerated, followed by rapid vaporization and cooling. The cooled oil is then subjected to an electrical field before being filtered. 1. A method of treating oil comprising:(a) heating oil;(b) aerating the heated oil to create an oil foam;(c) subjecting the oil foam to a vacuum to condense the oil;(d) contacting the condensed oil with a sintered metal;(e) cooling the condensed oil;(f) subjecting the cooled oil to an electrical field; and(g) filtering the electrified oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is heated to about 82° F.-100° F.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oil is heated to about 88° F.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of aerating includes contacting the oil with a plurality of nitrogen diffusers while pumping air through the diffusers.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintered metal is sintered stainless steel.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is cooled to about 72° F.-80° F.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oil is cooled to about 73° F.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is a 0-90 volt electrical field is produced through sintered copper.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is a 0-250 volt electrical field is produced through sintered titanium.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrified oil is filtered using a 1-20 micron filter bank.12. A system for treating oil comprising:(a) a line for inputting oil;(b) a heating coil having an input and an output, wherein the input is in fluid communication with the line, and the heating coil is configured for heating the inputted oil;(c) an air injection passage in fluid communication with the output of the heating coil, the air injection passage comprising a plurality of sintered metal injectors configured to aerate the heated oil;(d) a vacuum chamber in ...

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTS FABRICATION FROM CALCIUM PHOSPHATES

This invention newly describes fast and reliable creation of three-dimensional scaffolds using magnetic levitation of calcium phosphate particles. In particular, tricalcium phosphate particles of similar size and specific porosity are used which are subjected to recrystallization process after magnetic levitation assembly of the scaffold to ensure scaffold cross-linking. Levitation assembly without marks is reached by using specially developed magnetic system in the presence of gadolinium salts which allows levitation of calcium phosphate particles. Chemical synthesis of octacalcium phosphate in magnetic levitation conditions in non-homogeneous magnetic field was also demonstrated. Such approach allows to obtain phosphate phase quickly in biocompatible finished product. 1. A method of fabrication of 3D material based on octacalcium phosphate by magnetic levitation assembly in non-homogeneous magnetic field including the following steps:1) α-tricalcium phosphate particles assembly in 3D structures,2) recrystallization of obtained structures.2. The method according to the claim 1 , wherein magnetic levitation assembly is performed in the central area on non-homogeneous magnetic field with lowest field density parameters from 3D material randomly distributed within fabrication chamber volume.3. The method according to the claim 1 , wherein non-homogeneous magnetic field is created using magnetic system consisting of at least two circular neodymium magnets with analogous poles facing each other.4. The method according to the claim 1 , wherein non-homogeneous magnetic field is created using Bitter magnets.5. The method according to the claim 1 , wherein the size of α-tricalcium phosphate particles is 250 to 500 μm.6. The method according to the claim 1 , wherein α-tricalcium phosphate particles assembly is performed by levitation forming method using non-homogeneous magnetic field in paramagnetic medium.7. The method according to the claim 6 , wherein paramagnetic medium ...

DEVICE FOR THE GENERATION OF HYDROGEN, APPARATUSES THAT CONTAIN THE DEVICE, AND THEIR USE

It is described a device for the production of hydrogen gas by a reactor where aqueous solutions of metal borohydrides are hydrolyzed on catalysts based on ferromagnetic metals. Apparatuses containing said device are also described. 19.-. (canceled)1013111821101012548101113. Device comprising: a gastight tank () , a pump () , a heat-exchanger (-) and a reactor () for the production of hydrogen gas by catalyzed hydrolysis of aqueous alkaline solutions of alkaline metal or alkaline-earth metal borohydrides wherein said reactor () is constituted by a hollow body , essentially cylindrical in shape , () sealed at an end while the opposite end is open and equipped with a cap () where said cylinder contains holes () for the discharge of the exhausted solution and contains one or more permanent magnets () coated by ferromagnetic catalysts directly anchored to said permanent magnets held by an extractable guide () which allows their easy extraction and insertion into the cylinder characterized in that it comprises a temperature sensor and in that said reactor () , pump () and temperature sensor are inserted into the tank ().11. Device according to where said ferromagnetic catalysts are selected from the group consisting of cobalt or nickel powders claim 10 , cobalt- or nickel Raney claim 10 , alloyed Co—Ni Raney claim 10 , cobalt or nickel nanoclusters claim 10 , cobalt or nickel wires claim 10 , nano- or micro-structured aggregates of nickel with nickel borides claim 10 , nano- or micro-structured aggregates of cobalt with cobalt borides claim 10 , and mixed aggregates of cobalt and nickel with cobalt borides.1267. Device according to wherein the hydrogen produced by catalyzed hydrolysis of aqueous alkaline solutions of alkaline metal or alkaline earth-metal borohydrides leaks from the reactor through holes () and meets an aerosol abatement system () for a first separation of the gas from the solution and the recovery of the latter. The present invention refers to the field ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL REMOVAL OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL FROM POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrochemical metal or other positive ion removal from polycrystalline diamond (PCD), such as PCD used in earth-boring drill bits. PCD used in the systems and methods described herein has an electrical conductivity-enhanced region. 1. A system for electrochemically removing a metal or other material from a PCD element , the system comprising:an anode comprising the PCD element, which PCD element comprises a PCD component comprising the metal or other material and an electrical conductivity-enhanced portion;a cathode;an electrolyte; anda voltage source,wherein, when a voltage is applied to the anode and the cathode by the voltage source, the metal or other material forms a positive ion and is removed from the PCD component to the electrolyte.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises a Group VIII metal.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the Group VIII metal comprises cobalt (Co).4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductivity-enhanced portion comprises at least a portion of a surface of the PCD component.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the electrical conductivity-enhanced portion comprises at least a portion of a top surface of the PCD component.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the electrical conductivity-enhanced portion comprises at least a portion of a side surface of the PCD component.7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the electrical conductivity-enhanced portion comprises at least a portion of a top surface claim 5 , at least a portion of a side surface claim 5 , and at least a portion of a bottom surface of the PCD component.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductivity-enhanced portion comprises substantially all of the PCD component.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte comprising sulfate (SO) claim 1 , chloride (Cl) claim 1 , or nitrate (NO) claim 1 , or combinations thereof.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein ...

Molecular modifier for combustible and non-combustible fluids, liquids and gases

The present magnetic and electromagnetic equipment achieves the molecular modification of liquid and gaseous fluids combustible or non-combustible by combining magnetic turbulence. The device combines magnetic and electromagnetic fields for producing magnetic turbulence that modifies the atomic behavior diamagnetic materials to be processed by the covalence thereof, improving the assimilation of fluids in humans by increasing the surfactant quality of the fluids in physical states.

Process of Chemical Reaction in Magnetized Solvents

One of the chief purposes of researchers in the field of chemistry is to perform chemical reactions at high rates; a method that can be adopted to achieve such goal is to perform reactions in magnetic solvents. Being passed through the Solvents Magnetizing Apparatus (SMA) magnetizes the solvent, and the magnetic property remains intact for a few days, while most chemical reactions are done in less than one day. It should be taken into consideration that the magnetic solvent is different from the Zeeman effect in chemistry. This technology is widely used in performing chemical processes of most chemical reactions.

DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURE OF T-CELLS FOR AUTOLOGOUS CELL THERAPY

The present invention relates to a device for a scalable biomanufacturing platform for the production of modified cells such as CAR-modified T-cells while eliminating on-target/off-tumor toxicity and decreasing the current production cost by 500 times (per treatment), and to attendant methods. The includes a first chamber for proliferating a population of cells and a second chamber for modifying the cells to express a desired T-cell receptor antigen. 1. A device to produce modified T-cells including heterologous nucleic acid molecules , comprising a first chamber for proliferating a population of T-cells and a second chamber for modifying the T-cells to express a desired T-cell chimeric antigen receptor , wherein the first chamber comprises a plurality of structures adapted to guide and concentrate T-cells by application of a non-uniform electric field and the second chamber comprises a plurality of interdigitated electrodes adapted to pattern and electroporate the T-cells.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first chamber and the second chamber each comprise a top surface claim 1 , a bottom surface and four side surfaces claim 1 , wherein the top surface and the bottom surface are substantially parallel to one another and are disposed at a spaced distance of about 100 μm.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein two of the four side surfaces are disposed essentially parallel to each other and define ends of the device claim 2 , and another two side surfaces are disposed essentially parallel to each other and define sides of the device.4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein one or both ends of the device have openings.5. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the top surface and the side surfaces are made of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the bottom surface is made of glass.6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first chamber plurality of structures consists of a series of T-shaped electrodes termed T-traps.7. The device according to ...

Array Induced Electric Field Fluid Reaction System and Applications Thereof

The array induced electric field fluid reaction system comprises a reaction unit array with a plurality of reaction units interactively connected as a network configuration, a power supply and a sample container, wherein each reaction unit has a closed iron core, a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and secondary coil are, respectively, wound around two sides of the closed iron core, and the secondary coil comprises an insulation pipe for circulating the reaction medium. When the array induced electric field fluid reaction system operates, no charged needle-type electrodes or electrode plates are inserted into the reaction medium. Electrochemical reaction and metal contamination may be avoided. The reaction units can form an array network connection and series/parallel connection, and when the induced electric field in each reaction unit is acted on the reaction medium, specific reaction effects may be achieved. 1. An array induced electric field fluid reaction system comprising:a reaction unit array comprises an array of m×n reaction units connected in a network configuration, wherein the m and the n are positive integers larger than 1; a closed iron core with a first side and a second side,', 'a primary coil wound around the first side of the closed iron core, and', 'a secondary coil wound around the second side of the closed iron core, wherein the secondary coil comprises an insulation pipe for circulating feed liquid, and the insulation pipe has a sample feeding inlet and a sample discharge outlet;', 'a power supply connected to the primary coil in each reaction unit providing the excitation voltage for each primary coil; and', 'a feed liquid container in communication with the sample feeding inlet and the sample discharge outlet in the reaction unit array;, 'each reaction unit further comprises'}wherein, in the reaction unit array, the sample feeding inlet and the sample discharge outlet of the insulation pipe of at least one reaction unit are, ...

Treating Particles

A method of treating particles by disaggregating, deagglomerating, exfoliating, cleaning, functionalising, doping, decorating and/or repairing said particles, in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles. 1. A method of treating particles by disaggregating , deagglomerating , exfoliating , cleaning , functionalising , doping , decorating and/or repairing said particles , in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles.2. A method according to in which the particles treated are graphite particles.3. A method according to in which the graphite particles are exfoliated to produce graphene containing particles claim 2 , preferably graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs).4. A method according to in which the particles treated are nano-particles.5. A method according to in which the nanoparticles are carbon nano-particles claim 4 , preferably fullerenes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) claim 4 , or graphene containing nanoparticles such as GNPs.6. A method according to in which glow discharge plasma is generated by the electrodes.7. A method according to in which plasma is formed in a localised region around each electrode.8. A method according to in which a gas or gaseous mixture is introduced into the chamber to sustain the plasma claim 1 , in which said gas or gaseous mixture is introduced from each electrode.9. A method according to in which the electrodes are moved at a speed which is varied during the course of the plasma treatment so as to control the interaction between the plasma generated by the electrodes and the particles.10. A method according to in ...

Treating Particles

A method of treating particles by disaggregating, deagglomerating, exfoliating, cleaning, functionalising, doping, decorating and/or repairing said particles, in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles. 1. A method of treating particles by disaggregating , deagglomerating , exfoliating , cleaning , functionalising , doping , decorating and/or repairing said particles , in which the particles are subjected to plasma treatment in a treatment chamber containing a plurality of electrodes which project therein and wherein plasma is generated by said electrodes which are moved during the plasma treatment to agitate the particles.2. A method according to in which the particles treated are graphite particles.3. A method according to in which the graphite particles are exfoliated to produce graphene containing particles claim 2 , preferably graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs).4. A method according to in which the particles treated are nano-particles.5. A method according to in which the nanoparticles are carbon nano-particles claim 4 , preferably fullerenes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) claim 4 , or graphene containing nanoparticles such as GNPs.6. A method according to in which glow discharge plasma is generated by the electrodes.7. A method according to in which plasma is formed in a localised region around each electrode.8. A method according to in which a gas or gaseous mixture is introduced into the chamber to sustain the plasma claim 1 , in which said gas or gaseous mixture is introduced from each electrode.9. A method according to in which—i) particles in the treatment chamber undergo a first method in accordance with any previous claim, andii) after the commencement of step i) and while remaining the treatment chamber, the particles or particles produced by ...

SELF-HEATING SEALANT OR ADHESIVE EMPLOYING MULTI-COMPARTMENT MICROCAPSULES

A self-heating sealant or adhesive may be formed using multi-compartment microcapsules dispersed within a sealant or adhesive. The multi-compartment microcapsules produce heat when subjected to a stimulus (e.g., a compressive force, a magnetic field, or combinations thereof). In some embodiments, the multi-compartment microcapsules have first and second compartments separated by an isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to the stimulus, wherein the first and second compartments contain reactants that come in contact and react to produce heat when the isolating structure ruptures. In some embodiments, the multi-compartment microcapsules are shell-in-shell microcapsules each having an inner shell contained within an outer shell, wherein the inner shell defines the isolating structure and the outer shell does not allow the heat-generating chemistry to escape the microcapsule upon rupture of the inner shell. 1. A method of producing a self-heating sealant or adhesive , the method comprising:providing a sealant or adhesive;providing multi-compartment microcapsules each having a first compartment and a second compartment separated from each other by an isolating structure adapted to rupture in response to a stimulus, wherein the first and second compartments of each multi-compartment microcapsule contain reactants that come in contact and react to produce heat when the isolating structure ruptures;adding the multi-compartment microcapsules to the sealant or adhesive.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the stimulus is selected from a group consisting of a compressive force claim 1 , a magnetic field claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the sealant or adhesive is selected from a group consisting of an epoxy-based sealant claim 1 , an acrylic-based sealant claim 1 , a silicone-based sealant claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the sealant or adhesive is selected from ...

Process for stripping and a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus relating thereto

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for stripping. The process can include passing catalyst to a stripping vessel containing a riser, providing a plurality of baffles having a first baffle and a second baffle, and providing one or more packing layers. The stripping vessel and riser may define an annular zone including annular area for stripping of the catalyst, and the first and second baffles collectively overlap in no more than about 50% of the annular area. Often, the first baffle is coupled to an outer circumference of the riser and extends outward, and the second baffle is coupled to an inner circumference of the stripping vessel and extends inward. Typically, the one or more packing layers are within the annular zone.

Magnetically Susceptible Particles and Apparatuses for Mixing the Same

The present invention includes a magnetically susceptible polymer component, a method of making the same, and apparatuses and systems for mixing, separating or localizing a magnetically susceptible polymer compound in a reaction. The magnetically susceptible polymer component includes a polymer and a magnetically susceptible particle of a predetermined size, which yields a component having a much-improved magnetic reactivity due to the increase in magnetic material by mass percentage. The apparatuses and systems of the present invention employ controllable magnetic fields distributable in perpendicular directions in order to precisely control the orientation, position and relative motion of any magnetically susceptible components within a reaction vessel. 123-. (canceled)24. An apparatus for manipulating a magnetically susceptible component comprising:a container for receiving a reaction vessel, the container defining a longitudinal axis;a segment of wiring arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis;an electrical source connected to the segment of wiring, such that in response to an electrical current passing from the electrical source to the segment of wiring, the electrical current generates a magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; andmeans for adjusting the relative position of the segment of wiring relative to the container along the longitudinal axis.25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the means for adjusting comprises an actuator connected to the container claim 24 , the actuator adapted to translate the container along the longitudinal axis relative to the segment of wiring.26. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the means for adjusting comprises an actuator connected to the segment of wiring claim 24 , the actuator adapted to translate the segment of wiring along the longitudinal axis relative to the container.27. The apparatus of claim 24 , further comprising a temperature control means connected to one of the ...

INDUCTIVE MAGNETOELECTRIC BIOCHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEM AND APPLICATION THEREOF

An inductive magnetoelectric biochemical reaction system includes a reaction unit which includes a reaction chamber, which includes a reactant container and is disposed in a rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; a primary coil, which is wound around one side of a closed-loop iron core and is connected to a control unit; a secondary coil, which is wound around the other side of the closed-loop iron core and includes an insulating tube which allows a reaction solution acting as a conductor, two ends of the insulating tube being communicated with the reactant container; a rotating magnetic field unit, which is configured to generate the rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; and a control unit, which is at least configured to adjust an excitation voltage and a signal type applied on the primary coil. 1. An inductive magnetoelectric biochemical reaction system , comprising:a reaction unit, comprising:a reaction chamber, which comprises a reactant container and is disposed in a rotatable radial magnetic field;a primary coil, which is wound around one side of a closed-loop iron core and is connected to a control unit;a secondary coil, which is wound around the other side of the closed-loop iron core and comprises an insulating tube which allows a reaction solution acting as a conductor, two ends of the insulating tube being communicated with the reactant container;a rotating magnetic field unit, which is configured to generate the rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; anda control unit, which is at least configured to adjust an excitation voltage of various signal waveforms applied on the primary coiland the control unit comprises a function signal generator, an output terminal of the function signal generator being connected to an input terminal of a power amplifier, an output terminal of the power amplifier being connected to the primary coil, wherein the function signal generator is capable of generating an AC signal having a frequency range of 50 to 200 Hz and a ...

Methods for Associating or Dissociating Guest Materials with a Metal Organic Framework, Systems for Associating or Dissociating Guest Materials Within a Series of Metal Organic Frameworks, Thermal Energy Transfer Assemblies, and Methods for Transferring Thermal Energy

Methods for releasing associated guest materials from a metal organic framework are provided. Methods for associating guest materials with a metal organic framework are also provided. Methods are provided for selectively associating or dissociating guest materials with a metal organic framework. Systems for associating or dissociating guest materials within a series of metal organic frameworks are provided. Thermal energy transfer assemblies are provided. Methods for transferring thermal energy are also provided. 1. A method for releasing associated guest materials from a metal organic framework , the method comprising altering the oxidation state of at least a portion of the metal of the metal organic framework to dissociate at least a portion of the guest materials from the framework.2. The method of wherein the portion of the metal of the metal organic framework is a transition metal.3. The method of wherein the portion of the metal of the metal organic framework is one or more of Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Rf claim 1 , V claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Db claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Sg claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Tc claim 1 , Re claim 1 , Bh claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Hs claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Hs claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Mt claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Ds claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , and Rg.4. The method of wherein the portion of the metal of the metal organic framework has a mixed oxidation state.5. The method of wherein the portion of the metal of the metal organic framework is represented as (M/M).6. The method of wherein the portion of the metal of the metal organic framework is coupled to a substantially conductive organic ligand.7. The method of wherein the guest material comprises carbon dioxide.8. A method for associating guest materials with a metal organic framework claim 1 , the method comprising altering the ...

Method for aligning high aspect ratio materials and compositions therefrom

A method for alignment of high aspect ratio materials (HARMs) within a liquid matrix by means of magnetic particles. The application of an external magnetic field creates a forced motion of the magnetic particles. This in turn leads to a laminar flow within the matrix which imposes a drag force on the HARMs, aligning the HARMs across the matrix. The used magnetic particles eventually accumulate at one end side of the matrix container and can be removed either by an incision or an extraction process. Unlike the previously proposed methods, there is no need for the magnetic particles to be attached either physically or chemically to the HARMs. Thus, the ultimate aligned HARMs are mostly pure and free of any magnetic particles. Once the matrix is a polymeric solution, the mentioned method is capable of synthesis of aligned HARMs-polymer composites, which exhibit improved mechanical and electrical properties.

RESONANCE-BASED MOLECULAR DISSOCIATOR

A device consisting of antenna units and connected to a signal generator, capable of dissociating or breaking down molecules in solution, suspension or fluids in general, into their constituent elements, in order to recycle said compounds and eliminate contaminants which, if they remain chemically bound, would be dangerous or harmful to human, plant or animal health is provided. 1. A resonance-based molecular dissociator , including a series of antennas to which different continuous wave functions are provided , in order to produce an electromagnetic field on each antenna , with frequency and time variation , through which the fluid to be dissociated passes wherein since such dissociator comprises: at least an antenna having at least to antenna plates; antenna electrical connectors; a balanced impedance coil; a sealing insulator; a multi-section solenoid; an antenna pack; at least two outputs of dissociated element dielectrics; a circular space inlet for the substance to be dissociated; a fluid distribution conduit within the dissociator; a plastic cap; and a signal generator input , wherein said antenna plates comprise at least one washer.2. (canceled)3. The dissociator according to claim 1 , wherein said dissociator comprises a plurality of antenna units generating a spectral pattern radiation of resonance frequency in a plurality of steps.4. The dissociator according to claim 1 , wherein the antenna unit comprises a body or support in which a plurality of concentric antennas are placed claim 1 , in the center of which a hollow circular space is located where a conduit made of a suitable material is placed for allowing circulation of the fluid to be treated through said conduit.5. The dissociator according to claim 1 , wherein the antenna unit comprises lateral outlets through which the dissociated element(s) exit and the wave function is provided at the connectors.6. The dissociator according to claim 1 , wherein said dissociator is assembled with “n” number of ...

MEMBRANE-LESS REACTOR DESIGN AND PROCESS FOR BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The present invention discloses a membrane-less reactor design for microbial electrosynthesis of alcohols from carbon dioxide (CO). The membrane-less reactor design thus facilitates higher and efficient COtransformation to alcohols via single pot microbial electrosynthesis. The reactor design operates efficiently avoiding oxygen contact at working electrode without using membrane, in turn there is an increase in COsolubility and its bioavailability for subsequent COconversion to alcohols at faster rate. The present invention further provides a process of operation of the reactor for biotransformation of the carbon dioxide. 1. A membrane-less reactor for conversion of carbon dioxide to alcohols by microbial electrosynthesis , wherein the membrane-less reactor comprises:a) a tubular gas diffusion electrode with an active layer modified with an electroactive material as a working electrode;b) a circular counter electrode;c) a porous bio-electroactive filter;d) an electrolyte; and 'wherein the reactor is single chambered and can be operated in batch or continuous or semi-continuous mode in a continuous stirred tank reactor or in a sequential batch reactor.', 'e) samplings ports;'}2. The membrane-less reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the working electrode comprises a gas compartment either towards inner core or towards outside claim 1 , and a) an activated carbon powder with graphite in 60:40 proportion; and', {'sup': '2', 'b) the electroactive materials present in a concentration range of 0.4-0.6 mg/cm.'}], 'wherein the active layer of the working electrode comprises3. The membrane-less reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is treated with polymerized redox mediators dissolved in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.4-0.6 mM;wherein the electrolyte comprises trace metal solution along carbon dioxide as carbon source.4. The membrane-less reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the counter electrode is a circular disc in shaped with ...

SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING SILANE

Methods and systems for producing silane that use electrolysis to regenerate reactive components therein are disclosed. The methods and systems may be substantially closed-loop with respect to halogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal and/or hydrogen. 1. A system for producing silane in a substantially closed-loop process , the system comprising:a vessel for electrolyzing an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide salt to produce metallic alkali or alkaline earth metal and halogen gas; (1) silicon tetrahalide, and', '(2) trihalosilane;, 'a halogenation reactor for producing at least one of'} (1) halogen gas discharged from the vessel; and', '(2) hydrogen halide produced by contacting halogen gas discharged from the vessel with hydrogen;, 'by reacting silicon with at least one ofa disproportionation system for producing monohalosilane or dihalosilane from at least one of (1) silicon tetrahalide and (2) trihalosilane to produce a halogenated silicon feed gas consisting essentially of halosilanes;a hydride reactor for reacting metallic alkali or alkaline earth metal discharged from the vessel and hydrogen to produce an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride; anda silane reactor for reacting the halogenated silicon feed gas with the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride to produce silane and an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide salt.2. The system as set forth in wherein the vessel is an electrolysis cell.3. The system as set forth in wherein the halogenation reactor is a fluidized bed reactor in which silicon is suspended in a halogenated silicon feed gas comprising at least one halosilane selected from the group consisting of silicon tetrahalide claim 1 , trihalosilane claim 1 , dihalosilane and monohalosilane.4. The system as set forth in wherein the system comprises a polycrystalline silicon reactor for decomposing silane to produce hydrogen and polycrystalline silicon.5. The system as set forth in wherein the polycrystalline reactor comprises electrically heated ...

FORMULATIONS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS FOR REMOTE TRIGGERING OF FRONTALLY CURED POLYMERS

In some variations, the invention provides a curable adhesive formulation comprising a curable liquid precursor capable of frontal polymerization, wherein the liquid precursor comprises a monomer and a polymerization catalyst, and frontal-polymerization-triggering susceptors in contact with, or contained within, the liquid precursor. The susceptors may include conducting and/or magnetic solid particles capable of induction heating in the presence of a remotely applied electromagnetic field. Other variations provide a polymer-curing system comprising a curable liquid precursor, frontal-polymerization-triggering susceptors, and an apparatus configured to remotely produce an alternating electromagnetic field in line-of-sight with the susceptors (but not necessarily in line-of-sight with the liquid precursor), thereby generating induction heating to initiate the frontal polymerization. The susceptors may be about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt % of the curable formulation. Other variations provide a method of curing an adhesive joint through an opaque barrier. 1. A curable formulation comprising:(a) a curable liquid precursor capable of frontal polymerization, wherein said liquid precursor comprises a monomer and a polymerization catalyst; and(b) one or more frontal-polymerization-triggering susceptors in contact with, and/or contained within, said liquid precursor, wherein said susceptors comprise conducting and/or magnetic solid particles capable of induction heating in the presence of a remotely applied electromagnetic field.2. The curable formulation of claim 1 , wherein said susceptors are present at a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt % in said curable formulation.3. The curable formulation of claim 2 , wherein said susceptors are present at a concentration from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % in said curable formulation.4. The curable formulation of claim 1 , wherein said monomer is an epoxy resin.5. The curable formulation of claim 1 , wherein said ...

Micromolecular cluster water preparation method and micromolecular cluster water preparation device using same

The present invention discloses a micromolecular cluster water preparation method, firstly providing a metal ring having electric discharge holes into the water to be treated; then applying an alternating magnetic field to the side of the metal ring, thus the electric discharge phenomenon occurs by the electric discharge hole of the metal ring, so as to disintegrate the large molecular cluster of the water into the micromolecular cluster. Meanwhile, also disclosed a micromolecular cluster water preparation device using the above method comprises: a non-magnetic conductor container filled with the water to be treated; a metal ring; and a alternating magnetic excitation coil; wherein the metal ring is positioned in the non-magnetic conductor container and has electric discharge holes, the alternating magnetic excitation coil is provided at the outside of the non-magnetic conductor container which is located at the side of the metal ring, so as to apply the alternating magnetic field to the side of the metal ring. The present invention simplifies the prior preparation method, shortens the preparation period, and has a simple structure. The obtained micromolecular cluster water has a low half-peak width value of the 17 O NMR, stable property, delicate tastes and high solubility. The present application may effectively reduce the production cost of the micromolecular cluster water, and have advantages to the promotion of industrial applications.

SILICON CORE WIRE FOR PRODUCING POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON ROD, AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON ROD

A core wire holder (holding member) has a taper of a positive taper angle on the lower end part thereof. On the other hand, in an adaptor (supporting member) to be used for connection of a metal electrode with the core wire holder (holding member) for energization of a silicon core wire the inner surface of a hole of the adaptor into which the lower end part of the core wire holder (holding member) is inserted, when the opening side of the hole is set upward and the insertion direction of the lower end part of the holding member is set downward, has a taper of a positive taper angle. The lower end part of the core wire holder (holding member) is inserted in the hole of the adaptor (supporting member) and the silicon core wire is thus fixed. 19-. (canceled)10. A silicon core wire for producing a polycrystalline silicon rod , the silicon core wire becoming a seed for depositing a polycrystalline silicon by a CVD reaction , wherein the silicon core wire has a tapered part having a positive taper angle on an end part thereof to be inserted in a holding member provided in a reaction furnace.11. The silicon core wire according to claim 10 , wherein the tapered part has a taper length of 20 mm or longer and 100 mm or shorter.12. The silicon core wire according to claim 10 , wherein the tapered part has a taper of 1/100 (taper angle: 0.5729°) or larger and 1/10 (taper angle: 5.725°) or smaller.13. The silicon core wire according to claim 12 , wherein the tapered part has a taper length of 20 mm or longer and 100 mm or shorter.14. A device for producing a polycrystalline silicon rod claim 12 , comprising:a holding member of a silicon core wire to become a seed for depositing a polycrystalline silicon by a CVD reaction,wherein the holding member has a hole for inserting an end part of the silicon core wire thereinto, and an inner surface of the hole, when the opening side of the hole is set upward and the insertion direction of the end part of the silicon core wire is set ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities. 1. A method of manufacturing a core-shell catalyst , the method comprising:manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a solution containing a metal ingot;dispersing a support body into the manufactured metal nanoparticle solution, mixing a copper precursor-containing solution with the mixture, and coating a metal nanoparticle with copper by providing electric potential higher than oxidation and reduction potentials of copper; andmanufacturing a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum by mixing a solution containing a platinum ion with a solution containing the manufactured metal nanoparticle coated with copper and inducing a galvanic displacement reaction.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an output of the laser light source is 0.1 to 40 J/cm.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solution containing the metal ingot contains one or more types of solvents selected from water claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , and hydrocarbon-based compounds.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support body is carbon or metal oxide.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein 3 to 60 wt % of a total of solid-phase particles of the metal nanoparticles are contained in the solution.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copper precursor-containing solution contains one ...

Biogas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading biogas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a reformer feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the reformer feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the reformer feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading biogas to methanol.

NITROGEN-FREE OZONE GENERATING UNIT

In the present invention, a nitrogen-free ozone generating unit integrates a plurality of functional means into a single package unit, the functional means including a nitrogen-free ozone generator that is cooled to a low temperature, an ozone power source, a MFC, an APC, a heat insulating cooling water inlet pipe, and a heat insulating cooling water outlet pipe. In the nitrogen-free ozone generator, a heat insulating layer made of a heat insulating material such as an insulator is formed to cover substantially the entire surface of an ozone generator outer frame. A cooling water system is configured to set the temperature of cooling water, which is supplied to the nitrogen-free ozone generator through the heat insulating cooling water inlet pipe, to 5° C. or less and to thereby cool the nitrogen-free ozone generator.

METHOD FOR MAKING A GAS FROM AN AQUEOUS FLUID,PRODUCT OF THE METHOD, AND APPARATUS THERFOR

A method for producing a purified, stable, compressible gas from an aqueous fluid. The gas is suitable for a variety of uses and may also be infused into water which itself is useful for a variety of purposes 1. A method for making a gas comprising the steps of:(a) providing a volume of aqueous fluid to a reaction zone comprising a receptacle and a gas output means, wherein said reaction zone is closed and may withstand pressure of at least 30 psi;(b) providing a magnetic field to said reaction zone under conditions which will not induce electrolysis of said aqueous fluid;(c) collapsing said magnetic field periodically, whereby a generated gas is formed in said reaction zone; and(d) collecting said generated gas.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said opposing electrodes are spaced between one inch apart and twenty feet apart.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said opposing electrodes are spaced from about one inch to about sixteen inches apart.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said magnetic field s provided by means of two wires in contact with said aqueous fluid claim 1 , said wires in conjunction with said aqueous fluid comprising an electrical circuit when current is applied thereto.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of compressing the generated gas and storing in a pressurized container.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said generated gas is compressed to less than 1 claim 7 ,600 psi.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said generated gas is pressurized to about 1 claim 8 ,000 psi.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said generated gas is storable for at least 30 days.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous fluid is an electrolytic fluid comprising a salt dissolved in distilled water claim 1 , said salt selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and up to 1.2.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions in the reaction ...

System, method, and apparatus for the creation of parahydrogen and atomic hydrogen, and mixing of atomic hydrogen with a gas for fuel

A system, method, and apparatus for the creation of parahydrogen and atomic hydrogen, and for mixing of atomic hydrogen with gas for fuel are disclosed.

CHEMICAL REACTION VESSEL AND SYNTHESIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Apparatus and methods utilizing induction-heat energy for heating reactions associated with chemical synthesis, such as peptide synthesis reactions involving activation, deprotection, coupling, and cleavage. Thorough agitation of the contents of reaction vessels during heating, real-time monitoring and adjustment of temperature and/or reaction duration, independent control of different reaction vessels, and scalability are also described. 1. A chemical synthesis reaction-heating platform , comprising:one or more reaction vessels and a source of induction-heat energy configured to heata content of said one or more reaction vessels, wherein said one or more reaction vessels is coated with a heat-conductive material and said platform is configured to shake or mix said content in the one or more reaction vessels during heating.2. The platform of claim 1 , wherein said platform is configured to shake or mix through motion said one or more reaction vessels during heating in a manner such that said one or more reaction vessels are free from contact with said source of induction-heat energy.3. The platform of claim 1 , wherein said heat-conductive material comprises a plurality of layers of a metal conductor paste.4. The platform of claim 1 , wherein said heat-conductive material comprises three to five layers of DUPONT 7713 conductor paste baked onto said one or more reaction vessels.5. The platform of claim 1 , wherein said platform further includes an infrared heat temperature sensor and said one or more reaction vessels are configured to diffuse and homogenize IR radiation.6. The platform of claim 5 , wherein said one or more reaction vessels are one or more of chemically etched claim 5 , physically abraded claim 5 , grit treated to diffuse and homogenize IR radiation.7. The platform of claim 1 , further including a controller configured to control temperature of more than one reaction vessel independently.8. The platform of claim 1 , further including independent ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst , the apparatus comprising:a titanium reaction chamber in which a part of a chamber upper surface is made of a glass material, a lower surface is a working electrode, and the working electrode is joined to one of left and right surfaces of the titanium reaction chamber;a reaction solution which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot holder which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot capsule which is accommodated on the metal ingot holder;a reference electrode and a counter electrode which are supported in the reaction solution;a power source unit which applies voltage to the electrodes;a solution injecting unit which injects a mixture solution including a copper precursor and a platinum precursor into the reaction chamber;a laser light source which emits energy to the metal ingot;a display unit which measures and displays, in real time, a copper precursor content and a platinum precursor content in the reaction chamber, the type of reaction solution, applied voltage, an output of the emitted laser beam; anda particle diameter measuring device which measures a particle diameter of the metal nanoparticle manufactured in the reaction chamber.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the metal ingot capsule has a capsule shape having a hermetic structure in which the metal ...

METHOD FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH ALTERNATING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

A method of processing a liquid by an alternating electromagnetic field includes: generating DC pulses by a pulse generator; and applying the DC pulses to a parallel oscillating circuit connected in parallel to the pulse generator. The parallel oscillating circuit includes an inductor connected in parallel to a capacitor. In response to the DC pulses, self-oscillations arise in the parallel oscillating circuit, the self-oscillations producing an alternating current in the inductor; and the inductor generates the alternating electromagnetic field for processing the liquid. 1. A method of processing a liquid by an alternating electromagnetic field , the method comprising:generating DC pulses by a pulse generator; andapplying the DC pulses to a parallel oscillating circuit connected to the pulse generator, wherein the parallel oscillating circuit includes an inductor connected in parallel to a capacitor, and self-oscillations arise in the parallel oscillating circuit, the self-oscillations producing an alternating current in the inductor, and', 'the inductor generates the alternating electromagnetic field for processing the liquid., 'in response to the DC pulses2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid includes fuel.3. An apparatus for processing a liquid by an alternating electromagnetic field claim 1 , the apparatus comprising:a pulse generator configured to generate DC pulses; anda parallel oscillating circuit electrically connected to the pulse generator and configured to be subjected the DC pulses generated by the pulse generator, a capacitor, and', 'an inductor connected in parallel to the capacitor, wherein, in response to the DC pulses:', 'self-oscillations arise in the parallel oscillating circuit, the self-oscillations producing an alternating current in the inductor, and', 'the inductor generates the alternating electromagnetic field for processing the liquid., 'wherein the parallel oscillating circuit comprises4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING FLUIDS

An apparatus, comprising a magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port, a fluid impervious boundary wall and a fluid discharge port defining a fluid impervious flow path through the magnetically conductive conduit, at least one end of the conduit having a taper forming a planar surface extending from an outer to an inner surface; an electrical conductor comprising a length of an electrical conducting material having a first and second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form an uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircling a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit; and an electrical power supply operably connected to at least one of the first and second conductor leads, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is thereby energized to provide a magnetic field having lines of flux directed along a longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port, a fluid impervious boundary wall and a fluid discharge port defining a fluid impervious flow path through the magnetically conductive conduit, at least one end of the conduit having a taper forming a planar surface extending from an outer surface to an inner surface forming an angle having an absolute value within a range from about 15° to about 75°;at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircling at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit, the at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor having a length measurement in a range from 0.5 inches to 48 inches, at least one end of the uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor spaced a distance in a ...

LIQUID INTRODUCING PLASMA SYSTEM

A liquid introducing plasma system including a plasma chamber in which a plasma is produced, a plasma generator device which creates the plasma in the chamber, and a spouting device for linearly ejecting a liquid in a linear jet to thereby introduce the liquid into the plasma chamber is disclosed. The plasma system is capable of supplying an ultra-small volume of sample liquid to the plasma while reducing consumption of electrical power required for generation of the plasma. 1. A liquid introducing plasma system comprising:a plasma chamber to permit plasma production therein;a plasma generator device operative to create a plasma in the plasma chamber; anda spouting device to linearly eject a liquid in a linear jet for entry into the plasma chamber.2. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma chamber is a plasma chamber of a micro-plasma device.3. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 2 , wherein the micro-plasma device produces the plasma with a diameter of 3 mm or less.4. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 2 , wherein the plasma chamber of the micro-plasma device includes an intake opening with a diameter of 1 mm or less.5. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 1 , wherein the spouting device includes a nozzle that is vibratable.6. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 1 , further comprising a vaporization device to convert the liquid into a vapor.7. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 1 , further comprising a signal generator device to generate a timing signal; andthe spouting device is responsive to the timing signal generated by the signal generator device to intermittently eject the liquid.8. The liquid introducing plasma system according to claim 1 , further comprising a measurement device to measure a plasma state in sync with a timing of ejection of the liquid in the linear jet.9. The liquid introducing plasma system according ...

DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURE OF T-CELLS FOR AUTOLOGOUS CELL THERAPY

The present invention relates to a new device for a scalable, biomanufacturing platform for the production of CAR-modified T-cells while eliminating on-target/off-tumor toxicity and decreasing the current production cost by 500 times (per treatment). The invention relates to a device to produce modified T-cells comprising a first chamber for proliferating a population of T-cells and a second chamber for modifying the T-cells to express a desired T-cell receptor antigen. 1. A device to produce modified T-cells comprising a first chamber for proliferating a population of T-cells and a second chamber for modifying the T-cells to express a desired T-cell receptor antigen.2. A device according to wherein each of chamber 1 and chamber 2 comprise a top surface claim 1 , a bottom surface and four sides.3. A device according to wherein two sides are essentially parallel to each other and are the ends and another two sides are essentially parallel and are the sides.4. A device according to wherein the top and bottom surface are parallel to each other and are at a distance of about 100 μm.5. A device according to wherein one or both ends have openings.6. A device according to wherein the top and the side surfaces are made of PDMS and the bottom surface is made of glass.7. A device according to wherein chamber one consists of a series of T-traps.8. A device according to wherein chamber 2 comprises one or more channels bordered on each side by a metal claim 1 , wherein the metal on one side is connected to one electrical pole and the other side is connected to a second electrical pole to allow an electrical potential to flow between the two poles.9. A device according to wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold (Au) claim 7 , silver (Ag) claim 7 , platinum (Pt) claim 7 , copper (Cu) claim 7 , iron (Fe) claim 7 , aluminum (Al) claim 7 , Tin (Sn) claim 7 , Nickel (Ni) claim 7 , Carbon (C) claim 7 , doped silicon (Si) or an alloy of metals.10. A device ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING SULFER AND HALOGENS

Provided herein are systems and methods for removing halogens and sulfur from used oil. The used oil is heated and aerated, followed by rapid vaporization and cooling. The cooled oil is then subjected to an electrical field before being filtered. 1. A method of treating oil comprising:(a) heating oil;(b) aerating the heated oil to create an oil foam;(c) subjecting the oil foam to a vacuum to condense the oil;(d) contacting the condensed oil with a sintered metal;(e) cooling the condensed oil;(f) subjecting the cooled oil to an electrical field; and(g) filtering the electrified oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is heated to about 82° F.-100° F.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oil is heated to about 88° F.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of aerating includes contacting the oil with a plurality of nitrogen diffusers while pumping air through the diffusers.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintered metal is sintered stainless steel.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is cooled to about 72° F.-80° F.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the oil is cooled to about 73° F.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is a 0-90 volt electrical field is produced through sintered copper.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is a 0-250 volt electrical field is produced through sintered titanium.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrified oil is filtered using a 1-20 micron filter bank.12. A system for treating oil comprising:(a) a line for inputting oil;(b) a heating coil having an input and an output, wherein the input is in fluid communication with the line, and the heating coil is configured for heating the inputted oil;(c) an air injection passage in fluid communication with the output of the heating coil, the air injection passage comprising a plurality of sintered metal injectors configured to aerate the heated oil;(d) a vacuum chamber in ...