ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ МИКРОПУЗЫРЬКИ ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к способу получения эхоконтрастных сред, в частности к композициям, содержащим микропузырьки газа, а более конкретно - к микропузырькам, инкапсулированным белком. Описан способ получения композиции, содержащей инкапсулированные микропузырьки газа, включающий последовательные стадии: i) обеспечения водного нагретого раствора денатурируемого под действием тепла белка при температуре, необходимой для достижения начальной денатурации, где указанная температура составляет в диапазоне от 50 до 100°С; ii) нагревания газа с использованием тепла от указанного нагретого раствора белка, при этом газ нагревают до температуры, которая не меньше, чем температура на 20°С ниже температуры указанного нагретого раствора белка; iii) смешивания нагретого газа со стадии (ii) и нагретого раствора белка со стадии (i) с получением нагретой смеси газ/жидкость; iv) диспергирования нагретого газа в растворе белка путем приложения механических усилий сдвига к нагретой смеси газ/жидкость со стадии ...

НОСИТЕЛЬ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ, СУСПЕНЗИЯ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРИ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИИ, КАТАЛИЗАТОР И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПЕРОКСИДА ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к носителю катализатора, включающему волокнистую бумагу, пропитанную суспензией, содержащей золь диоксида кремния, микроволокна и наполнитель, в котором указанные микроволокна имеют эквивалентный средний размер частиц, измеренный способом седиграфа, от примерно 200 до примерно 30000 нм и указанный наполнитель имеет средний эквивалентный размер частиц, измеренный способом седиграфа, от примерно 300 до примерно 10000 нм. Изобретение, кроме того, относится к способу его получения, пригодной для этого суспензии, к катализатору, содержащему такой носитель катализатора, и применению катализатора для получения пероксида водорода. Технический эффект - повышение механической прочности носителя, получение катализатора, обладающего высокой активностью и долгосрочной стабильностью. 6 с. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

РЕАКТОР С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ СЛОЕМ, ТРЕХФАЗНЫЙ ШЛАМОВЫЙ РЕАКТОР И СПОСОБЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ИХ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к реакторам с псевдоожиженным слоем. Один из вариантов раскрывает способ обеспечения функционирования двухфазного реактора с псевдоожиженным слоем, включающий следующие операции: подачу на низком уровне по меньшей мере одного газообразного реагента в вертикально расположенную псевдоожиженную массу твердых частиц, причем псевдоожиженная масса находится по меньшей мере в двух вертикально идущих стволах, расположенных рядом друг с другом внутри общей оболочки реактора, при этом каждый ствол разделен на множество вертикально идущих каналов, по меньшей мере часть которых имеют связь по потоку псевдоожиженной массы, причем псевдоожиженная масса присутствует по меньшей мере в некоторых из каналов, при этом по меньшей мере некоторые из стволов и/или каналов ограничены поверхностями теплообмена; создание условий для реакции газообразного реагента, когда он проходит вверх через псевдоожиженную массу, присутствующую по меньшей мере в некоторых из каналов стволов, в результате ...

СПОСОБЫ, ПРОЦЕССЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ И ОЧИСТКИ СЫРОЙ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ ПОТОКИ ПРОЦЕССА

Изобретение относится к вариантам способа регенерации пара-толуиловой и терефталевой кислоты. Один из вариантов включает: получение потока маточного раствора, имеющего температуру от 140°С до 170°С под давлением от 3,5 бар до 8 бар, при этом поток маточного раствора представляет собой насыщенный раствор, включающий терефталевую кислоту и пара-толуиловую кислоту в воде и содержащий менее 1% вес./вес. мелких твердых частиц терефталевой кислоты; подачу потока маточного раствора в испарительный бак, давление в котором равно атмосферному давлению, и в котором из потока маточного раствора образуется пар, отводимый из испарительного бака; подачу потока маточного раствора в охлаждающее устройство по первой трубе, при этом в точке смешивания, до того как маточный раствор поступит в охлаждающее устройство, поток маточного раствора смешивают с вторичным потоком маточного раствора при температуре от 40°С до 60°С, в результате чего смесь потока маточного раствора и потока вторичного маточного раствора ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДНОГО ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА И РЕАКТОР, ПРИГОДНЫЙ ДЛЯ ТАКОГО СПОСОБА

... 1. Способ получения 1,2-диола, при этом способ включает ! взаимодействие сырья, содержащего олефин и кислород в присутствии катализатора эпоксидирования, находящегося в первом отделе одного или более рабочих микроканалов микроканального реактора с образованием окиси олефина, ! превращение окиси олефина с помощью диоксида углерода с образованием 1,2-карбоната во втором отделе одного или более рабочих микроканалов, расположенном ниже первого отдела, и ! превращение 1,2-карбоната с помощью воды или спирта с образованием 1,2-диола в третьем отделе одного или более рабочих микроканалов, расположенном ниже второго отдела. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где катализатор эпоксидирования включает металл 11 группы в количестве от 50 до 500 г/кг относительно массы катализатора. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где катализатор эпоксидирования содержит серебро, нанесенное на материал носителя. ! 4. Способ по п.3, где катализатор содержит, в качестве промотора(ов), один или более элементов, выбранных из рения, вольфрама ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА ИЛИ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДНОГО ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА И РЕАКТОР, ПРИГОДНЫЙ ДЛЯ ТАКОГО СПОСОБА

... 1. Способ эпоксидирования олефина, при этом способ включает ! взаимодействие сырья, содержащего олефин и кислород, в присутствии катализатора эпоксидирования, находящегося в первом отделе одного или более рабочих микроканалов микроканального реактора с образованием посредством этого смеси, включающей окись олефина, и ! быстрое охлаждение окиси олефина во втором отделе одного или более рабочих микроканалов, находящемся ниже первого отдела, посредством теплообмена с теплообменной жидкостью. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где катализатор эпоксидирования включает металл 11 группы в количестве от 50 до 500 г/кг относительно массы катализатора. ! 3. Способ по п.1, где катализатор эпоксидирования содержит серебро, нанесенное на материал носителя. ! 4. Способ по п.3, где катализатор содержит в качестве промотирующего компонента(ов) один или более элементов, выбранных из рения, вольфрама, молибдена, хрома и их смесей, и, кроме того, один или более щелочных металлов, выбранных из лития, калия и цезия. ! 5.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ МИКРОПУЗЫРЬКИ ГАЗА

... 1. Способ получения композиции, содержащей инкапсулированные микропузырьки газа, включающий последовательные стадии:i) обеспечения водного нагретого раствора денатурируемого под действием тепла белка при температуре, необходимой для достижения начальной денатурации, где указанная температура составляет в диапазоне от 50 до 100°C;ii) нагревания газа с использованием тепла от указанного нагретого раствора белка, при этом газ нагревают до температуры, которая не менее чем на 20°C ниже температуры указанного нагретого раствора белка;iii) смешивания нагретого газа со стадии (ii) и нагретого раствора белка со стадии (i) с получением нагретой смеси газ/жидкость;iv) диспергирования нагретого газа в растворе белка, путем приложения механических усилий сдвига к нагретой смеси газ/жидкость со стадии (iii) с получением композиции микропузырьков газа, инкапсулированных денатурированным белком.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором смешивание на стадии (iii) осуществляют или на входе в смешивающее устройство, ...

PrOx-Reaktor und Brennstoffzellenanordnung mit PrOx-Reaktor

Die Erfindung betrifft einen PrOx-Reaktor (R), umfassend ein einen Reaktionsraum einschließendes Gehäuse mit einem ersten Einlass (E1) zum Zuführen eines wasserstoffhaltigen ersten Gases (G1) in einen Reaktionsraum, einem zweiten Einlass (E2) zum Zuführen eines sauerstoffhaltigen zweiten Gases (G2) in den Reaktionsraum und einem Auslass (A) zur Ausgabe eines dritten Gases (G3), wobei sich vom zweiten Einlass (E2) eine Vielzahl von Leitungen (Kv) in den Reaktionsraum erstrecken, von denen jede zumindest eine Öffnung (O) zum Zuführen des zweiten Gases (G2) in den Reaktionsraum umfasst.

Device for inserting educts into a reactor used in autothermal reactors for reforming hydrocarbons comprises an educt preparation zone in the flow direction of the educts followed by a mixing zone and a distribution zone

Device for inserting educts into a reactor containing a catalyst material on support elements comprises an educt preparation zone in the flow direction of the educts followed by a mixing zone (5) and a distribution zone (4) arranged in the reactor integrated in the flow direction before the support elements. Preferred Features: The mixing zone is formed as an external or internal mixing zone for forming a mixture of least two different materials (H2O, CnHm, air). A flow distributor (8) formed as a perforated sheet material is arranged in the flow direction of the educts between the distribution zone and the support elements.

Dampfreformer

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampfreformer (A) mit einem über einen Brenner (S) beheizbaren Feuerraum (D) und einem im Feuerraum (D) angeordneten Behälter (E), der eine Eintrittsöffnung (M) zur Zuführung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Einsatzes und einer Austrittsöffnung (P) zur Abführung von Synthesegas aufweist und der einen Reformierungskatalysator (J) umschließt. Kennzeichnend für den Dampfreformer (A) ist, dass der Behälter (E) eine lichte Querschnittsfläche des Feuerraums (D) weitgehend vollständig ausfüllt, wobei er sich normal zu dieser Querschnittsfläche weniger als halb soweit erstreckt wie in jede der beiden dazu senkrechten Raumrichtungen.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Synthesegase

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung von wenigstens zwei Synthesegasen (10, 11) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung aus einem kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Ausgangsstoff (1), der nach Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) einem Dampfreformer (R) zugeführt und dort in zumindest zweit parallel betriebenen Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) durch Dampfreformierung zu Synthesegas umgesetzt wird. Für die Erfindung ist kennzeichnend, dass aus dem Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Ausgangsstoff (1) durch Teilung und der Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) wenigstens zwei Stoffgemische (6, 9) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung gebildet werden, wobei jedes der unterschiedlichen Stoffgemische (6, 9) einem Katalysatorrohr oder einer Gruppe von Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) des Dampfreformers (R) als ausschließlicher Einsatz zugeführt und zu Synthesegas (10, 11) umgesetzt wird.

A process for the preparation of a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide, and a reactor suitable for such a process

A process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER APPARATUS

Heat and mass transfer apparatus

A heat and mass transfer apparatus comprises a housing 1 in which are arranged a bank of tubes 5 the inlet and outlet ends of which are connected to headers 6. At opposite ends of the housing are elongate, hollow, converging branches 2 the bases of which adjoin the housing (e.g. for the conveyance of a fluid to and from the housing). The tube headers are arranged in the branches. ...

The processing of gaseous media

REACTOR WITH TWO OR SEVERAL FROM EACH OTHER SEPARATIONS REACTION AREAS

Enthalpieübertrager- und Speicherblock

The transformation- and storage block (1) has multiple channels (2), where the channel walls consist of a sorptive functional layer (7), which is a permanent casing for a storage material (9). Another functional layer (8) acts as a binder between the former functional layer and the storage material. The latter functional layer is an elastomer, which balances the volume change of the sorptive functional layer against the storage material. The storage material is made of a pourable polymer with low shrinkage.

CATALYST STRUCTURE AND FISCHER TROPSCHSYNTHESEVERFAHREN

REACTOR FOR THE PLASMA TREATMENT OF GASEOUS MEDIA

Chemical reactor

Reactor and process for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Preparation of composition comprising gas microbubbles

... ll:\sxd\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD520799 l.docx-l8082017 The present invention relates to a process for preparation of ultrasound contrast media, particularly to compositions comprising gas microbubbles and more particularly to 5 microbubbles encapsulated by proteins. The microbubbles produced by the process of the invention will have a narrow size distribution. The invention further relates to apparatus useful in the process of the invention.

PROX REACTOR AND FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT COMPRISING PROX REACTOR

The invention relates to a PrOx reactor (R) comprising a housing that encloses a reaction space and has a first inlet (E1) for supply of a hydrogenous first gas (G1) to a reaction space, a second inlet (E2) for supply of an oxygenous second gas (G2) to the reaction space and an outlet (A) for discharge of a third gas (G3), wherein there is a multitude of conduits (Kv) extending from the second inlet (E2) into the reaction space, each of which comprises at least one opening (0) for supply of the second gas (G2) to the reaction space.

PREPARATION OF 18F-FLUCICLOVINE

The present invention provides a method for the production of [18F]-FACBC which has advantages over know such methods. Also provided by the present invention is a system to carry out the method of the invention and a cassette suitable for carrying out the method of the invention on an automated radiosynthesis apparatus.

Transformation- and storage block, particularly enthalpy transformation- and storage block, has multiple channels, where channel walls consist of sorptive functional layer, which is permanent casing for storage material

The transformation- and storage block (1) has multiple channels (2), where the channel walls consist of a sorptive functional layer (7), which is a permanent casing for a storage material (9). Another functional layer (8) acts as a binder between the former functional layer and the storage material. The latter functional layer is an elastomer, which balances the volume change of the sorptive functional layer against the storage material. The storage material is made of a pourable polymer with low shrinkage.

Heat transducer with a Helix channel for a forced current.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Helix-Kanal (1) für eine erzwungene Strömung in einem Wärmeübertrager, der einen zentrischen Strömungskanal und mindestens einen wendelförmig um den zentrischen Strömungskanal umlaufenden Aussenströmungskanal aufweist, wobei der Aussenströmungskanal einen radialen Fluidübergang zum zentrischen Strömungskanal aufweist. Der Wirkungsgrad eines Wärmeübertragers soll verbessert werden. Hierzu ist stromabwärts vom ersten Kanalabschnitt ein zweiter Kanalabschnitt angeordnet, der mindestens einen Aussenströmungskanal enthält und eine Drosseleinrichtung im zentrischen Strömungskanal aufweist. Des Weiteren bezieht sich die Erfindung auf einen Fluidströmungsblock, die Verwendung des Helix-Kanals als Stoffübertrager, Fluidmischer und als Katalysator.

CATALYTIC REACTOR

РЕАКТОРНАЯ ПАНЕЛЬ ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

Модульная реакторная панель (1) для каталитических процессов, содержащая сырьевой коллектор (5), продуктовый коллектор (7) и примыкающие каналы (3), каждый из которых имеет длину, ограниченную входным концом и выходным концом, где входные концы непосредственно соединены и сообщаются с сырьевым коллектором (5), а выходные концы непосредственно соединены и сообщаются с продуктовым коллектором (7), сырьевой коллектор (5) имеет по меньшей мере одно соединение (9) с сырьевой линией (51), а продуктовый коллектор (7) имеет по меньшей мере одно соединение с продуктовой линией (55), и где часть (21) по крайней мере одного из сырьевого коллектора (5) и продуктового коллектора (7) является съёмной, обеспечивая доступ к концам каналов, и при этом реактор имеет корпус (47), содержащий одну или несколько реакторных панелей (1, 29), и реактор дополнительно содержит сырьевую линию (51) и продуктовую линию (55), при этом панели (29) соединены с сырьевой линией (51) и с продуктовой линией (55).

ХІМІЧНИЙ РЕАКТОР, СПОСІБ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ КАТАЛІТИЧНИХ ХІМІЧНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ

У заявці описаний призначений для проведення каталітичних реакцій реактор з по суті циліндричним корпусом (2), закритим із протилежних кінців відповідними кришками (3, 4), та принаймні одною зоною реакції (7, 8), у якій знаходиться шар (9, 10) каталізатора і велика кількість теплообмінників (25).

gazozhidko holistic and reactor and method of realization of reaction in a gas/liquid st

LIQUID/GAS REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GAS/LIQUID REACTION

CATALYTIC REACTOR

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYSED GAS PHASE REACTIONS WITH HEAT TONALITY

The invention relates to a device for carrying out, in a substantially isothermal manner, a heterogeneously catalysed reaction in a gas phase with high heat tonality. The inventive device comprises at least one reactor chamber (101) with an inlet (131, 141) and an outlet (143). The reactor chamber is defined by heat dissipating walls, lying at a substantially constant distance of <= 30 mm along the main flow axis of a reaction gas; the reactor chamber is equipped with catalyst-coated strips (120, 132); the strips are permeable for the reaction gas and are flexible in all directions of the reactor chamber, having a surface/volume ratio of 50 to 5000 m2/m 3 and good thermal conductibility; the reaction gas in the reactor chamber flows at a rate of >= 200 m3 per m2 surface area per hour; and a heat exchange medium flows on the side of the reactor wall opposite the reactor chamber. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

methods to operate a fluidized bed reactor and to operate a biphasic reactor triphase mud, and, fluidized bed reactors and biphasic triphase mud

CONVERSION METHOD FOR GAS STREAMS CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS

An apparatus and a method of using the apparatus are provided for converting a gas stream containing hydrocarbons to a reaction product containing effluent molecules having at least one carbon atom, having at least one interior surface and at least one exterior surface, a first electrode and a second electrode with the first and second electrodes being selectively movable in relation to each other and positioned within the housing so as to be spatially disposed a predetermined distance from each other, a plasma discharge generator between the first and second electrodes, gas stream introducer and a collector for collecting the reaction product effluent produced by the reaction of the gas stream containing hydrocarbons with the plasma discharge between the first and second electrodes.

SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC PEROXYDES USING AN OSCILLATORY FLOW MIXING REACTOR

The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus ( 10, 20 ) for a continuous preparation of organic peroxides, with the reactor comprising at least one flow channel ( 1, 1 a, 1 b ) configured as a reaction zone; an inlet system ( 2 ) in fluid communication with a first end of the at least one flow channel and configured for introducing two or more substances or a combination of substances into the at least one flow channel; an outlet system ( 3 ) in fluid communication with a second end of the at least one flow channel, the second end being located downstream of the first end and the outlet system being configured for extracting a reaction product present at the second end; an oscillatory system ( 4, 5 ) configured for superimposing an oscillatory flow on the flow of substances passing through the at least one flow channel, the oscillatory being effected in at least a section of the at least one flow channel; and a controller configured to implement the method by controlling the inlet system to introduce, according to a first time characteristic, at least two substances or a combination of substances into the at least one flow channel, the oscillatory system to superimpose an oscillatory flow on at least a part of the flow of substances passing through the at least one flow channel, and the outlet system to extract, on an ongoing basis, the reaction product formed in the flow channel from the substances introduced such that the output mass flow rate corresponding to the sum of the input mass flow rates.

POLYMERISATION PROCESS

The present invention relates to a cascade process useful for (fast) ionic polymerisation of liquid monomer(s) containing reaction mixture for the production of the corresponding polymer(s).

Catalyst structure and method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The present invention includes Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reactions using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, methods of making Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, processes of hydrogenating carbon monoxide, and fuels made using these processes. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst is made using a metal foam support.

FLOW REACTOR PLUG

A plug (10) for plugging a port (P) in a flow reactor comprises a metal guide (12) having first and second ends (14,16) and a wall (18) surrounding a cylindrical interior volume (20) having an opening (22) at the first end (14); a plug body (40) having a first face (42) and an opposing second face (44) and a side surface (46) and positioned partially within the interior volume (20) with the first face (42) protruding from the opening (22); wherein the plug body (40) comprises a chemically resistant first polymer constituting at least the first face (42) and a thermally resistant second polymer constituting at least the second face (44) and at least a portion of the side surface (46).

PRODUCING HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE FROM A HYDROCARBON MATERIAL

Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating hydrogen pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (methane, diesel, JP8, etc.) in a reactor. The reactor includes multiple channels in parallel. A hydrocarbon flows in a channel and decomposes into hydrogen and carbon. Hydrogen gas flows out and some of the carbon will deposit on the channel wall. Once carbon deposition reaches a predetermined level, the hydrocarbon flow stops, and air or oxygen is caused to flow into the channels to oxidize carbon into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and supply heat to neighboring channels. Simultaneously, the hydrocarbon will flow into neighboring channels causing decomposition into hydrogen and carbon in the neighboring channels. When the carbon coating in the neighboring channels reaches a predetermined level, the gas flow is switched again to air or oxygen. In this way, each channel alternates between decomposing the hydrocarbon and oxidizing the deposited carbon.

EQUIPMENT FOR THE ATOMISATION OF A LIQUID STREAM BY MEANS OF A DISPERSING GASEOUS STREAM AND FOR MIXING THE ATOMISED PRODUCT WITH A FURTHER SUITABLE GASEOUS STREAM IN EQUIPMENT FOR EFFECTING CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATIONS AND RELATIVE CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESS

Способы получения водорода и азота с применением перерабатывающего газообразные исходные материалы реактора

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Способ получения водорода и азота с применением перерабатывающего газообразные исходные материалы реактора, содержащего реакционную камеру, выполненную с возможностью сообщения по текучей среде с камерой сгорания по одному или нескольким путям движения текучей среды. Способ включает введение газообразных исходных материалов, содержащих углеводороды, в реакционную камеру; введение горючей газовой смеси в камеру сгорания, причем горючая газовая смесь содержит воздух и один или несколько горючих газов. Проводят сжигание горючей газовой смеси в камере сгорания таким образом, чтобы получить один или несколько газообразных продуктов сгорания, в том числе азот, таким образом, чтобы заставить по меньшей мере часть одного или нескольких газообразных продуктов сгорания втекать в реакционную камеру по одному или нескольким путям движения текучей среды и смешиваться с газообразными исходными материалами. Газообразные исходные материалы ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА ИЛИ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДНОГО ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА

... 1. Способ получения эпоксидирования олефина, при этом способ включает ! взаимодействие сырья, содержащего олефин и кислород в присутствии катализатора эпоксидирования, с образованием посредством этого первой смеси, содержащей окись олефина и диоксид углерода, ! быстрое охлаждение первой смеси, и ! превращение быстро охлажденной первой смеси с образованием второй смеси, содержащей окись олефина и 1,2-карбонат. ! 2. Способ по п.1, при этом способ включает ! взаимодействие сырья, содержащего олефин и кислород в присутствии катализатора эпоксидирования, находящегося в первом отделе одного или нескольких рабочих микроканалов микроканального реактора с образованием посредством этого первой смеси, содержащей окись олефина, диоксид углерода, ! быстрое охлаждение первой смеси в первом промежуточном отделе одного или нескольких рабочих микроканалов, расположенном ниже первого отдела, и ! превращение во втором отделе одного или нескольких рабочих микроканалов, расположенном ниже первого промежуточного ...

СПОСОБ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ЭПОКСИДИРОВАНИЯ В РЕАКТОРЕ, СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ОКСИДА ОЛЕФИНА ИЛИ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОДУКТА, ПОЛУЧАЕМОГО ИЗ ОКСИДА ОЛЕФИНА, И РЕАКТОР, ПОДХОДЯЩИЙ ДЛЯ ЭТОГО СПОСОБА

... 1. Способ размещения катализатора для эпоксидирования в одном или более микроканалов процесса микроканального реактора, включающий введение в один или более микроканалов процесса дисперсии катализатора в, по существу, безводном разбавителе, и ! удаление, по крайне мере, части разбавителя. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором разбавитель является жидким разбавителем, содержащим воду в количестве не более чем 5 вес.% по отношению к весу разбавителя. ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором содержание воды составляет не более чем 1 вес.% по отношению к весу разбавителя. ! 4. Способ по п.2 или 3, в котором количество катализатора, которое присутствует в жидком разбавителе, находится в диапазоне 1-50 вес.% по отношению к общему весу катализатора и жидкого разбавителя. ! 5. Способ по п.4, в котором количество катализатора, которое присутствует в жидком разбавителе, находится в диапазоне 2-30 вес.% по отношению к общему весу катализатора и газообразного разбавителя. ! 6. Способ по п.1, в котором разбавителем является ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ параллельного получения по меньшей мере двух синтез-газов (10, 11) различного состава из углеводородсодержащего исходного материала (1), который после подмешивания водяного пара (2) и/или углекислого газа (3) подают в установку (R) парового риформинга и там по меньшей мере в двух параллельно функционирующих катализаторных трубках (К1, К2, К3) преобразуют посредством риформинга пара в синтез-газ, отличающийся тем, что из исходного материала (1), содержащего углеводороды, посредством разделения и подмешивания водяного пара (2) и/или углекислого газа (3) формируют по меньшей мере две смеси (6, 9) веществ различного состава, причем каждую из различных смесей (6, 9) веществ подают в катализаторную трубку или в группу катализаторных трубок (К1, К2, К3) установки (R) парового риформинга в качестве единственной загрузки и преобразуют в синтез-газ (10, 11).2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что каждый из образованных синтез-газов (10, 11) подвергают последующей обработке независимо от ...

Wärmeübertrager mit einem Helix-Kanal für eine erzwungene Strömung

Wärmeübertrager mit einem Helix-Kanal (1) für eine erzwungene Strömung, mit einem ersten Kanalabschnitt (2), der einen zentrischen Strömungskanal (5) und mindestens einen wendelförmig um den zentrischen Strömungskanal (5) umlaufenden Außenströmungskanal (6a, 6b, 6c) aufweist, wobei der Außenströmungskanal (6a, 6b, 6c) einen radialen Fluidübergang (7a, 7b, 7c) zum zentrischen Strömungskanal (5) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass stromabwärts vom ersten Kanalabschnitt (2) ein zweiter Kanalabschnitt (3) angeordnet ist, der den mindestens einen Außenströmungskanal (6a, 6b, 6c) enthält und eine den Strömungsquerschnitt verändernde Drosseleinrichtung (11) im zentrischen Strömungskanal (5) aufweist.

Reaktor und Verfahren in einem Reaktor mit einem Reaktorinnenraum, der in zwei oder mehrere voneinander getrennte Reaktionsräume aufgeteilt ist

Vorgeschlagen wird ein Reaktor zur Durchführung von Gasphasenreaktionen, Gas/Flüssig-, Flüssig/Flüssig- oder Gas/Flüssig/Fest-Reaktionen mit einem Reaktorinnenraum, der in zwei oder mehrere voneinander getrennte Reaktionsräume aufgeteilt ist, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Auftrennung des Reaktorinnenraumes über eine oder mehrere in Längsrichtung des Reaktors angeordnete Trennwände erfolgt.

Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Oxidation von in einem wasserstoffhaltigen Gasgemischstrom enthaltenen Kohlenmonoxid mit zumindest einer Katalysatormaterial enthaltenden CO-Oxidationsstufe und mit zumindest einer Einlaßöffnung zur Zufuhr von oxidierendem Gas zum Gasgemischstrom, wobei Mittel zur betriebsparameterabhängigen Dosierung des jweils zugeführten oxidierenden Gases vorgesehen sind, wobei in der CO-Oxidationsstufe zumindest ein katalysatorhaltiger durchströmbarer Körper im Gasgemischstrom angeordnet ist, welcher einen durchströmbaren Querschnitt des Gasgemischstroms in der CO-Oxidationsstufe ausfüllt und wobei Mittel zur lastabhängigen Temperaturvorgabe des Körpers vorgesehen sind.

Fischer-tropsch synthesis

Plate-type fluid bed reactor

A method of operating a three-phase slurry reactor includes feeding at a low level at least one gaseous reactant into a vertically extending slurry body of solid particles suspended in a suspension liquid, the slurry body being contained in at least two vertically extending shafts housed within a common reactor shell, each shaft being divided into a plurality of vertically extending channels at least some of which are in slurry flow communication and the slurry body being present in at least some of the channels. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react as it passes upwardly through the slurry body present in at least some of the channels of the shafts, thereby to form a non-gaseous and/or a gaseous product. Gaseous product, if present, and/or unreacted gaseous reactant is allowed to disengage from the slurry body in a head space above the slurry body.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is carried out in a reactor module 10 defining a multiplicity of first and second flow channels arranged alternately, carrying a synthesis gas, and a coolant fluid, respectively; each of the first flow channels containing a gas-permeable catalyst 22 for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The reactor module 10 is enclosed within a pressure vessel 30, within which the pressure is arranged to be equal to that of the gas flow undergoing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, this pressure being between 30 and 45 bar, and the reaction temperature being between 180{ and 220{C. The coolant fluid comprises water. The coolant is held at a pressure significantly less than that in the reaction channels, so there is no risk of the coolant leaking into the reaction channels.

A process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide,and a reactor suitable for such a process

A CATALYTIC REACTOR FOR THE INCREASE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION TO A FLOWING THROUGH FLUID

DEVICE FOR THE ATOMIZATION OF A FLOW DIRECTION WITH THE HELP OF A DISPERSION OF WORKING GAS FLOW AND FOR MIXING THE SPUTTERED PRODUCT WITH A FURTHER SUITABLE GAS FLOW IN THE DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATIONS AND ASSOCIATED PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION

CATALYST STRUCTURE AND FISCHER TROPSCHSYNTHESEVERFAHREN

HELIX-KANAL FÜR EINE ERZWUNGENE STRÖMUNG

A helix channel (1) has a first channel section (2) comprising a centric flow channel (5) and at least one helical external flow channel (6a-6d) surrounding the centric flow channel (5), in which the outer flow channel has a radial fluid bridge (7a-7c) to the central flow channel (5). Down-stream from the first channel section (2) is arranged a second channel section (3), which at the most contains an external flow channel (6a-6c) and has a choke (11) in the centric flow-channel (5). Independent claims are included for the following: (1) (A) A fluid flow block with several adjacent helix channels. (2) (B) A method for fabricating a fluid flow pipe/tube with complex channel shape.

Gas Converter

A converter having an exterior shell I with a central axis 2, at least one gas inlet 9 and at least one gas outlet 10. The exterior shell I includes a base 12 and an 5 interior support structure 4, 20. A number of vertically stacked catalytic chambers 5 8 within the exterior shell 1 are each in communication with one or more gas inlets 9 and gas outlets 10. Each chamber 5 - 8 is defined by an inner wall of the external shell 1, a permeable catalytic bed support platform 11, a lower division plate 12, 14 spaced below the platform defining a gas retention plenum 13 and an upper division plate 14, 10 15 above the platform I 1. At least one of: the platform 11; the upper division plate 14; and the lower division plate 12, 14 have a toroid surface symmetric about the central axis 2 with an outer periphery supported by an inner wall of the exterior shell I and an inner periphery supported by the interior support structure 4, 20. Fig. i 1/s 19 o 20 -2o -/-16 10 7 <"6 9 "9,d"20 20 r,24 ........

Catalyst structure and method of fischer-tropsch synthesis

CATALYST STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The present invention includes Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reactions using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, methods of making Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, processes of hydrogenating carbon monoxide, and fuels made using these processes. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst is made using a metal foam support.

HYDRATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

Vessels including an enclosure having an outer perimeter and an interior space, a channel disposed in the interior space, a first port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a first end of the channel, and a second port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a second end of the channel, where the channel has a length greater than the shortest distance between the first port and the second port, and where the first port and the second port are in fluid communication with one another.

CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS

The invention concerns a catalyst carrier comprising a fibre paper impregnated with a slung comprising silica sol, micro fibres and a filler, wherein said micro fibres have an equivalent average particle size, measured with sedigraph method, from about 200 nm to about 30000 nm and said filler has an average equivalent particle size, measured with sedigraph method, from about 300 to about 10000 nm. The invention further concerns a method of its preparation, a slurry useful therefore, a catalyst comprising such a catalyst carrier and use of the catalyst.

PREPARATION OF COMPOSITION COMPRISING GAS MICROBUBBLES

The present invention relates to a process for preparation of ultrasound contrast media, particularly to compositions comprising gas microbubbles and more particularly to microbubbles encapsulated by proteins. The microbubbles produced by the process of the invention will have a narrow size distribution. The invention further relates to apparatus useful in the process of the invention.

РЕАКТОРНАЯ ПАНЕЛЬ ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

Модульная реакторная панель (1) для каталитических процессов, содержащая сырьевой коллектор (5), продуктовый коллектор (7) и примыкающие каналы (3), каждый из которых имеет длину, ограниченную входным концом и выходным концом, где входные концы непосредственно соединены и сообщаются с сырьевым коллектором (5), а выходные концы непосредственно соединены и сообщаются с продуктовым коллектором (7), сырьевой коллектор (5) имеет по меньшей мере одно соединение (9) с сырьевой линией (51), а продуктовый коллектор (7) имеет по меньшей мере одно соединение с продуктовой линией (55), и где часть (21) по крайней мере одного из сырьевого коллектора (5) и продуктового коллектора (7) является съёмной, обеспечивая доступ к концам каналов, при этом реактор имеет корпус (47), содержащий одну или несколько реакторных панелей (1, 29), и реактор дополнительно содержит сырьевую линию (51) и продуктовую линию (55), при этом панели (29) соединены с сырьевой линией (51) и с продуктовой линией (55).

CATALYTIC REACTOR AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE

Alkylbenzene hydroperoxide production using dispersed bubbles of oxygen containing gas

AMMONIA CONVERTER HAVING AN INTERNAL TUBULAR WALL

SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC PEROXYDES USING AN OSCILLATORY FLOW MIXING REACTOR

NEW ENGINES PHOTOCATALYTIQUES CONTAINING TITANIUM DIOXIDE ON SUPPORT SILICA FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE AIR AND WATER

L'invention concerne plusieurs familles de réacteurs photocatalytiques à faible perte de charge à base de dioxyde de titane sur support de silice, où la lumière excitatrice ultraviolette transite totalement ou partiellement via le support de silice. Pour l'une de ces familles, on utilise les variations de la capacité d'adsorption du dioxyde de titane, en fonction de la température. L'invention concerne également la réalisation des supports silice afin de les rendre aptes à conduire et diffuser la lumière ultraviolette sur de grandes distances, ainsi que la préparation d'un catalyseur dioxyde de titane de structure anatase, de grande surface développée, à forte capacité d'adsorption et facilement régénérable thermiquement, à partir d'un gel très stable dans le temps, obtenu à partir d'alcoxydes de titane.

Method and apparatus for cleaning fluid distribution device

PREPARATION OF COMPOSITION COMPRISING GAS MICROBUBBLES

A process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide, and a reactor suitable for such a process

Method and device for the continuous pre-polycondensation of esterification/transesterification products

Enhancing fluid flow in a stacked plate microreactor

A stacked plate chemical reactor in which simple plates are stacked together to form the reactor. When openings in adjacent plates are properly aligned, fluid pathways and processing volumes are defined for chemical reactants, heat transfer medium, and a product. In one embodiment of the invention, an n-fold internal array is achieved by providing a first group of simple plates defining a reaction unit that includes bypass fluid channels and reaction fluid channels for each reactant, such that a portion of each reactant is directed to subsequent groups of simple plates defining additional reaction units. A chemical reactor with variable output is obtained in a preferred embodiment by reversibly joining reactor stacks comprising irreversibly joined reaction units, these reaction units consisting of a plurality of simple plates. Other embodiments employ at least one of an array of parallel fluid channels having different widths, bifurcated fluid distribution channels to achieve a substantially ...

Method for manufacturing polymer and flow-type reaction system for manufacturing polymer

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a polymer by a flow-type reaction. The method includes introducing a liquid A of an anionic polymerizable monomer, a liquid B of an anionic polymerization initiator, and a polymerization terminator into different flow paths, allowing the liquids to flow in the flow paths, allowing the liquid A and the liquid B to join together, subjecting the monomer to anionic polymerization while the liquids having joined together are flowing to downstream in a reaction flow path, and allowing a solution, which is obtained by the polymerization reaction and flows in the reaction flow path, and the polymerization terminator to join together so as to terminate the polymerization reaction and to obtain a polymer having a number-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 200,000. A static mixer is disposed in the reaction flow path, and a polymer having a number-average molecular weight equal to or greater than 2,000 is introduced into an inlet port of the ...

Catalyst structure and method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The present invention includes a catalyst structure and method of making the catalyst structure for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis that both rely upon the catalyst structure having a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least about 0.1 μm, preferably from about 10 μm to about 300 μm. A porous interfacial layer with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size is placed upon the first pore surface area. Finally, a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, iron and combinations thereof is placed upon the second pore surface area. Further improvement is achieved by using a microchannel reactor wherein the reaction chamber walls define a microchannel with the catalyst structure is placed therein through which pass reactants. The walls may separate the reaction chamber from at least one cooling chamber. The present invention also includes a method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Catalyst structure and method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The present invention includes a catalyst structure and method of making the catalyst structure for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis that both rely upon the catalyst structure having a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least about 0.1 mum, preferably from about 10 mum to about 300 mum. A porous interfacial layer with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size is placed upon the first pore surface area. Finally, a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, iron and combinations thereof is placed upon the second pore surface area. Further improvement is achieved by using a microchannel reactor wherein the reaction chamber walls define a microchannel with the catalyst structure placed therein through which pass reactants. The walls may separate the reaction chamber from at least one cooling chamber. The present invention also includes a method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЗАЖИМА ПЛАСТИН ПРОТОЧНОГО МОДУЛЯ, ПЛАСТИН РЕАКТОРА ИЛИ ПЛАСТИН ТЕПЛООБМЕННИКА

Изобретение относится к теплотехнике и может быть использовано при изготовлении пластинчатых теплообменников. А именно в устройстве для зажима, содержащем две концевые плиты, пружины и натяжные стержни, в котором пружины размещены на опорном элементе для распределения усилия зажима на одной или более пластинах проточного модуля, одной или более пластинах реактора, одной или более пластинах теплообменника или комбинациях этих пластин, при этом пластины размещены между двумя концевыми плитами. Настоящее изобретение относится также к способу раскрытия или перекрытия пластинчатого реактора или проточного модуля и к применениям устройства для зажима. Технический результат - предотвращение неравномерности и, таким образом, утечки или повреждения какой-либо из уложенных в стопку пластин. 9 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 12 ил.

СПОСОБЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ РЕАКТОРА С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ СЛОЕМ И ТРЕХФАЗНОГО ШЛАМОВОГО РЕАКТОРА

... 1. Способ обеспечения функционирования двухфазного реактора с псевдоожиженным слоем, включающий в себя следующие операции: ! подача на низком уровне по меньшей мере одного газообразного реагента в вертикально расположенную псевдоожиженную массу твердых частиц, причем псевдоожиженная масса находится по меньшей мере в двух вертикально идущих стволах, расположенных рядом друг с другом внутри общей оболочки реактора, при этом каждый ствол разделен на множество вертикально идущих каналов, по меньшей мере некоторые из которых имеют связь по потоку, причем псевдоожиженная масса присутствует по меньшей мере в некоторых из каналов, при этом по меньшей мере некоторые из стволов и/или каналов по меньшей мере частично ограничены поверхностями теплообмена; ! создание условий для реакции газообразного реагента, когда он проходит вверх через псевдоожиженную массу, присутствующую по меньшей мере в некоторых из каналов стволов, в результате чего образуется газообразный продукт; ! создание условий для отделения ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА ИЛИ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДНОГО ОКИСИ ОЛЕФИНА

... 1. Способ эпоксидирования олефина, при этом способ включает взаимодействие сырья, содержащего олефин и кислород в общем количестве по меньшей мере 50 мол.% относительно сырья в целом, в присутствии катализатора эпоксидирования, находящегося в одном или нескольких рабочих микроканалах микроканального реактора, где катализатор эпоксидирования содержит металл 11 группы в количестве от 50 до 500 г/кг относительно массы катализатора. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где катализатор эпоксидирования включает металл 11 группы в количестве от 100 до 400 г/кг относительно массы катализатора. ! 3. Способ по п.1, где катализатор эпоксидирования содержит серебро, нанесенное на материал носителя. ! 4. Способ по п.3, где катализатор содержит в качестве промотирующего компонента(ов) один или более элементов, выбранных из рения, вольфрама, молибдена, хрома и их смесей, и, кроме того, один или более щелочных металлов, выбранных из лития, калия и цезия. ! 5. Способ по п.3 или 4, где материал носителя представляет собой ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РЕГЕНИРОВАННОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ЭПОКСИДИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Способ приготовления регенерированного катализатора эпоксидирования, включающий ! обеспечение некоторого количества отработанного катализатора эпоксидирования, характеризующегося суммарным съемом оксида алкилена 0,16 кт или более на м3 отработанного катализатора эпоксидирования; и ! нанесение дополнительного серебра на отработанный катализатор эпоксидирования в количестве 0,2 мас.% или более от массы отработанного катализатора эпоксидирования. ! 2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий нанесение дополнительного серебра в количестве 0,5 мас.% или более, в частности, - 1 мас.% или более, 5 мас.% или более, 10 мас.% или более, или 12 мас.% или более от массы отработанного катализатора эпоксидирования. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором дополнительным серебром является дополнительное серебро в катионной форме, и способ дополнительно включает восстановление дополнительного серебра в катионной форме. ! 4. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий нанесение некоторого количества регенерирующего ...

СПОСОБЫ, ПРОЦЕССЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ И ОЧИСТКИ СЫРОЙ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ ПОТОКИ ПРОЦЕССА

... 1. Способ охлаждения потока маточного раствора, включающий:- получение потока маточного раствора, имеющего температуру приблизительно от 140°С до 170°С под давлением приблизительно от 3,5 бар до 8 бар, при этом поток маточного раствора представляет собой насыщенный раствор, включающий терефталевую кислоту и пара-толуиловую кислоту, в воде и содержащий менее приблизительно 1% вес./вес. мелких твердых частиц терефталевой кислоты;- подачу потока маточного раствора в испарительный бак, давление в котором приблизительно равно атмосферному давлению, и в котором из потока маточного раствора образуется пар, отводимый из испарительного бака;- подачу потока маточного раствора в охлаждающее устройство по первой трубе, при этом в точке смешивания, до того как маточный раствор поступит в охлаждающее устройство, поток маточного раствора смешивают с вторичным потоком маточного раствора при температуре приблизительно от 40°С до 60°С, в результате чего смесь потока маточного раствора и потока вторичного ...

Получение 18F-флуцикловина

... 1. Способ получения 1-амино-3-[F]-фторциклобутанкарбоновои кислоты ([F]-FACBC), включающий:а) получение адсорбированного на твердой фазе соединения формулы II:,где:PGпредставляет собой карбокси-защитную группу, иPGпредставляет собой амин-защитную группу;б) взаимодействие указанного адсорбированного соединения формулы II с агентом для удаления защитной группы PG;в) отправление агента для удаления защитной группы PGв отходы после указанной стадии взаимодействия (б);г) пропускание элюирующего раствора через указанную твердую фазу с получением элюированного соединения формулы III:;д) взаимодействие указанного элюированного соединения формулы III, полученного на стадии (г), с агентом для удаления защитной группы PGс получением реакционной смеси, содержащей [F]-FACBC.2. Способ по п. 1, где указанная [F]-FACBC представляет собой транс-1-амино-3-[F]-фторциклобутанкарбоновую кислоту (анти-[F]-FACBC):;указанное соединение формулы II представляет собой соединение формулы IIa:; иуказанное соединение ...

ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР

... 1. Химический реактор для проведения каталитических реакций с по существу цилиндрическим корпусом (2), закрытым с противоположных концов соответствующими крышками (3, 4), по меньшей мере одной зоной реакции (7, 8), в которой находятся слои (9, 10) катализатора и множество теплообменников (25), отличающийся тем, что теплообменники (25) объединены в конструктивно независимые блоки (U1, U2), в которые через соединительные устройства (27, 29, 39) подаются соответствующие потоки разных рабочих текучих теплоносителей. 2. Реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он имеет по меньшей мере две зоны (7, 8) реакции, каждая с соответствующим слоем (9, 10) катализатора, и по меньшей мере один блок (U1, U2) теплообменников и соединительных устройств (27, 29, 30), предназначенных для подачи в блоки (U1, U2) теплообменников соответствующих потоков рабочих текучих теплоносителей. 3. Реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере один из множества теплообменников (25) выполнен в виде пластинчатого прямоугольного ...

Apparatus and method for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide

Apparatus and method for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide

Preparation of 18F-fluciclovine

PLASMA-SUPPORTED GAS TREATMENT

Enthalpieübertrager- und Speicherblock

The transformation- and storage block (1) has multiple channels (2), where the channel walls consist of a sorptive functional layer (7), which is a permanent casing for a storage material (9). Another functional layer (8) acts as a binder between the former functional layer and the storage material. The latter functional layer is an elastomer, which balances the volume change of the sorptive functional layer against the storage material. The storage material is made of a pourable polymer with low shrinkage.

Method for producing amide compound

A method for producing an amide compound, said method comprising a step for contacting optionally treated microbial cells containing nitrile hydratase with a nitrile compound in an aqueous medium in a first reactor to give a liquid reaction mixture containing an amide compound and a step for reacting the liquid reaction mixture containing the amide compound obtained in the previous step in a second reactor provided with a plug flow area, wherein the Reynolds number in the second reactor is controlled to 5-1000 inclusive.

Method for producing amide compound

A method for producing an amide compound, said method comprising a step for contacting optionally treated microbial cells containing nitrile hydratase with a nitrile compound in an aqueous medium in a first reactor to give a liquid reaction mixture containing an amide compound and a step for reacting the liquid reaction mixture containing the amide compound obtained in the previous step in a second reactor provided with a plug flow area, wherein the Reynolds number in the second reactor is controlled to 5-1000 inclusive.

EQUIPMENT FOR THE ATOMISATION OF A LIQUID STREAM BY MEANS OF A DISPERSING GASEOUS STREAM AND FOR MIXING THE ATOMISED PRODUCT WITH A FURTHER SUITABLE GASEOUS STREAM IN EQUIPMENT FOR EFFECTING CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATIONS AND RELATIVE CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESS

REACTOR

A reactor (100) has: a first pipe (51) through which a third fluid (P) that includes a product generated by a reaction unit (101) flows; a second pipe (55) for supplying a second fluid (HC1) to a second flow path (31); a composition analyzing unit (71) provided so as to be connected to the first pipe (51); adjustment units (60, 63, 64) provided so as to be connected to the second pipe (55) and adjusting the flow rate (F) and the like of the second fluid (HC1); a control unit (103) for adjusting the flow rate (F) and the like of the second fluid (HC1) in the adjustment units (60, 63, 64) such that the temperature (Te2) of the third fluid (P) is a temperature such that the composition of the product maintains a reactivity (R) or yield prescribed in advance on the basis of the composition for the product analyzed by the composition analyzing unit (71); and a first temperature measurement unit (70) provided so as to be connected to the first pipe (51) and measuring the temperature (Te2) of ...

EQUIPMENT FOR THE ATOMISATION OF A LIQUID STREAM BY MEANS OF A DISPERSING GASEOUS STREAM AND FOR MIXING THE ATOMISED PRODUCT WITH A FURTHER SUITABLE GASEOUS STREAM IN EQUIPMENT FOR EFFECTING CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATIONS AND RELATIVE CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESS

... ²²²Equipment for the atomisation of a liquid stream by means of a dispersing ²gaseous stream and for mixing the atomised product with a further suitable ²gaseous stream, characterized in that it comprises: a feeding zone (A) ²equipped with means suitable for feed~ing the liquid stream, the gaseous ²dispersing stream and further gaseous stream; one or more two-stage ²atomisation zones (N) of the liquid stream by means of the gaseous dispersing ²stream; a distribution zone (D) of the further gaseous stream; the first stage ²of the atomisation zone (N1) essentially consisting of a tubular core (2), ²through which the liquid stream passes, equipped with an appropriate series of ²noz~zles (5), situated at the same height, and an outer jacket (4) coaxial to ²said core, through which the gaseous dispersing stream passes, wherein said ²nozzles (5) allow the gaseous dispersing stream to enter the tubular core, ²perpendicularly to the axis of said tubular core (2), effecting a first ²atomisation ...

SULFUR DEGASSER APPARATUS AND METHOD

A novel system and method for degassing H2S and H2S, from liquid sulfur (sulphur) is disclosed. The system includes a degassing vessel with a plurality of cells. The cells include a sparging gas mat with a perforated surface at the bottom of the cell to allow the release of air bubbles (or sparging gas) into the cells. A catalyst may be used during the process. As a result, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide are efficiently and effectively removed from the liquid sulfur.

SULFUR DEGASSER APPARATUS AND METHOD

A novel system and method for degassing H2S and H2S, from liquid sulfur (sulphur) is disclosed. The system includes a degassing vessel with a plurality of cells. The cells include a sparging gas mat with a perforated surface at the bottom of the cell to allow the release of air bubbles (or sparging gas) into the cells. A catalyst may be used during the process. As a result, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide are efficiently and effectively removed from the liquid sulfur.

AMMONIA CONVERTER HAVING AN INNER TUBULAR WALL

L'invention concerne un convertisseur d'ammoniac vertical à lits catalytiques dont le récipient comporte une coque externe (1) et une paroi tubulaire interne à double conduit pour acheminer un effluent dans le sens montant et dans le sens descendant, ladite paroi tubulaire étant faite d'une multitude d'éléments tubulaires placés en couronne suivant le pourtour de la paroi interne de la coque externe, lesdits éléments tubulaires étant formés de tubes à paroi étanche aux gaz (2, 3) conduisant un effluent dans le sens montant, auxquels sont accolés des media filtrants (211, 222, 233 ; 321, 322 ; 333) sur la hauteur d'un lit catalytique, les media filtrants étant fermés en leur extrémité inférieure pour conduire un effluent dans le sens descendant et le diffuser dans ledit lit catalytique qu'ils retiennent sur sa face externe.

panel reactor catalytic processes

reator químico para reações catalíticas

Minireactor Array

An array ( 100 ) of honeycomb substrates ( 10 ) comprises honeycomb substrates ( 10 ), a plurality of which have, for each substrate, substrate cells extending from a first end of the respective substrate to a second end and substrate sides extending from the first end to the second end. The substrates of the plurality are arranged in an array with sides of respective substrates facing one another and cells of respective substrates extending in a common direction. One or more channels ( 12 ) are defined by facing substrate sides of two or more substrates of the plurality ( 100 ) and the one or more channels ( 12 ) extend in a direction perpendicular to the common direction.

Method of making a catalyst

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Methods of deoxygenation and systems for fuel production

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Fluid treatment system with bulk material beds operated in parallel and method for operating such a system

A fluid treatment system having bulk beds. The fluid to be treated essentially streams from the bottom up through a bulk bed, while the bulk material migrates through the bulk beds in countercurrent to the fluid essentially from the top down. This is accomplished by removing partial quantities of bulk material at the lower end of the bulk bed, and delivering partial quantities of the bulk material to the bulk bed at the top. At least one charging wagon provided with optionally sealable bulk material outlets is able to traverse a charging channel between a charging position and several partial bulk bed release positions above the bulk beds. Provided below the bulk material outlets and the bulk material valve of the charging wagon are bulk material through pipes, the bulk material outlet mouths of which end on bulk material cones of an underlying bulk bed.

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Method Of Operating A Fluid Bed Reactor

Method of operating a three-phase slurry reactor includes feeding at a low level at least one gaseous reactant into a vertically extending slurry body of solid particles suspended in a suspension liquid, the slurry body being contained in at least two vertically extending shafts housed within a common reactor shell, each shaft being divided into a plurality of vertically extending channels at least some of which are in slurry flow communication and the slurry body being present in at least some of the channels. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react as it passes upwardly through the slurry body present in at least some of the channels of the shafts, thereby to form a non-gaseous and/or a gaseous product. Gaseous product, if present, and/or unreacted gaseous reactant is allowed to disengage from the slurry body in a head space above the slurry body.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to processes for converting hydrocarbons to phthalic acids such as terephthalic acid. The invention also relates to polymerizing phthalic acid derivatives to produce, e.g., synthetic fibers.

Reactor

A liquid/gas reactor includes a bulk catalyst bed and means for supplying fresh feed and recycled at least partially converted liquid product stream to the bulk catalyst bed. The reactor also includes means for collecting an at least partially converted liquid product stream from the bulk catalyst bed and recycling at least a portion thereto. A minor catalyst bed extends substantially vertically through the bulk catalyst bed. Means for supplying recycled at least partially converted product stream only to the minor catalyst bed is also provided. A separating wall is disposed between the bulk catalyst bed and the minor catalyst bed. 1. A liquid/gas reactor comprising:(a) a bulk catalyst bed and means for supplying fresh feed and recycled at least partially converted liquid product stream to said bulk catalyst bed;(b) means for collecting an at least partially converted liquid product stream from said bulk catalyst bed and recycling at least a portion thereof to step (a);(c) a minor catalyst bed extending substantially vertically through the bulk catalyst bed and means for supplying recycled at least partially converted product stream only to said minor catalyst bed; and(d) a separating wall between said bulk and said minor catalyst bed.2. A reactor according to wherein the minor catalyst bed is located such that it is central to the bulk catalyst bed which forms on annulus therearound.3. A reactor according to wherein all of the partially converted product stream is recycled with a portion being recycled to the bulk catalyst bed and a portion being passed to the minor catalyst bed.4. A reactor according to wherein the reactor additionally includes a heater or cooler on the recycled claim 1 , at least partially converted claim 1 , liquid product stream.5. A reactor according to wherein the beds are operated at different temperatures.6. A reactor according to wherein the separation wall is fabricated from insulating material.7. A reactor according to wherein the ratio ...

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

CATALYTIC REACTOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CATALYTIC REACTOR

In a catalytic reactor including catalyst carriers inserted into a plurality of channels defined by a corrugated fin, one end of the corrugated fin is located halfway on a horizontal wall, and a vertical wall of the corrugated fin adjacent to a side bar is arranged to provide a space where one of the catalyst carriers is insertable between the side bar and the vertical wall. An end portion of the corrugated fin in a second direction is brazed to a tube plate between the side bar and the vertical wall of the corrugated fin. 1. A catalytic reactor comprising:tube plates configured to face each other in a first direction with a predetermined gap left between themselves, and to define a passage where a fluid flows between themselves;a corrugated fin brazed in the passage defined by the tube plates, and configured to partition the passage into a plurality of channels in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction;a side bar brazed between the tube plates facing each other, and adjacent to an end portion of the corrugated fin in the second direction so as to constitute a side wall of the passage; andcatalyst carriers configured to be inserted into, and extend along, the plurality of channels defined by the corrugated fin, whereinthe corrugated fin includes horizontal walls brazed to the tube plates facing each other in the first direction, and vertical walls arranged in the second direction at predetermined equal pitches corresponding to a dimension of the catalyst carriers,one end of the corrugated fin in the second direction is located halfway on one of the horizontal walls,one of the vertical walls of the corrugated fin that is adjacent to the side bar is arranged to provide a space where one of the catalyst carriers is insertable between the side bar and that vertical wall of the corrugated fin, andthe end portion of the corrugated fin in the second direction is brazed to one of the tube plates between the side bar and that vertical wall of the corrugated fin ...

ENHANCED MICROCHANNEL OR MESOCHANNEL DEVICES AND METHODS OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed. 1. A solar-powered apparatus , comprising a solar concentrator having a concave shape and a dome-shaped chemical processor is adapted to conduct a unit operation is disposed in relation to the solar collector so that the convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor faces the concave face of the solar concentrator; and wherein the convex face of the chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes for passage of a fluid to or from a central area of the dome to the peripheral area of the dome.2. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes that are exposed on the surface of the dome.3. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes comprise a methane reforming catalyst or a reverse-water gas shift catalyst.4. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes providing radial fluid flow from a source inlet or source manifold near a central region of the dome to a perimeter of the dome and comprising a plurality of channels providing radial fluid flow from the perimeter to a receiving manifold claim 1 , wherein the receiving manifold is located near the central region of the dome.5. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the tube or tubes comprise a porous catalyst insert.6. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the tube or tubes comprise two portions claim 1 , a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , that are separated by a nonporous claim 1 , thermally conductive divider claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a catalyst and wherein the perimeter ...

PROCESS FOR THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE WITH STIRRED GAS/LIQUID REACTOR AND PLUG-FLOW REACTOR SEQUENCE

Reaction device which makes possible the oligomerization of olefins to give linear olefins and preferably linear α-olefins, comprising a gas/liquid reactor and a reactor of plug-flow type. The reaction device is also employed in an oligomerization process. 1. Device comprising:{'b': '1', 'a gas/liquid reactor (), of elongated shape along the vertical axis, comprising a liquid phase and a gas phase located above the said liquid phase,'}{'b': '3', 'a means for introduction of the olefin () into the gas/liquid reactor employing a means for injection of the olefin within the said liquid phase of the gas/liquid reactor,'}{'b': '14', 'a means for introduction of the catalytic system () into the gas/liquid reactor,'}{'b': 13', '1, 'a recirculation loop () comprising withdrawal means in the gas/liquid reactor for the withdrawal and the dispatch of a fraction of withdrawn liquid to a heat exchanger capable of cooling the said liquid fraction, and means for introduction of the said cooled liquid, exiting from the heat exchanger, into the upper part of the gas/liquid reactor (),'}{'b': '11', 'a reactor of plug-flow type () comprising withdrawal means in the gas/liquid reactor for the withdrawal and the dispatch of a fraction of withdrawn liquid to the reactor of plug-flow type and means for recovery of a reaction effluent, at the outlet of the reactor of plug-flow type.'}2. Device according to claim 1 , in which the reactor of plug-flow type is located outside the gas/liquid reactor.3. Device according to claim 1 , in which the reactor of plug-flow type comprises a heat exchanger.4. Olefin oligomerization process employing the device according to claim 1 , at a pressure between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa and at a temperature between 0° C. and 200° C. claim 1 , comprising the following stages:{'b': '1', 'a) a catalytic oligomerization system comprising at least one metal precursor and at least one activating agent is introduced into a gas/liquid reactor () comprising a liquid phase and a ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING POLYMER

A method for producing a polymer, including: (i) continuously supplying and bringing at least a first monomer, which is ring-opening polymerizable, and a compressive fluid into contact with each other, to thereby allow the first monomer to carry out ring-opening polymerization to continuously generate an intermediate; and (ii) bringing the intermediate and a second monomer, which is identical to or different from the first monomer in kind, into contact with each other, to thereby allow the intermediate and the second monomer to carry out polymerization. 1. A method for producing a polymer , comprising:(i) continuously supplying and bringing at least a first monomer, which is ring-opening polymerizable, and a compressive fluid into contact with each other, to thereby allow the first monomer to carry out ring-opening polymerization to continuously generate an intermediate; and(ii) bringing the intermediate and a second monomer, which is identical to or different from the first monomer in kind, into contact with each other, to thereby allow the intermediate and the second monomer to carry out polymerization.3. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the continuously supplying and bringing the first monomer and the compressive fluid into contact with each other makes the first monomer melt.4. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the first monomer is allowed to carry out the ring-opening polymerization in the presence of an organic catalyst free from a metal atom.5. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1 ,wherein a lower limit of a temperature during the ring-opening polymerization in the (i) is 40° C., and an upper limit of the temperature during the ring-opening polymerization in the (i) is 150° C., or a temperature that is higher than a melting point of the first monomer by 50° C., whichever higher.6. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1 ,wherein a polymerization rate of each of ...

Reactor Components

The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion method comprising: {'sub': v1', 'v2', 'v2', 'v1, 'the regenerative reactor has a first portion having a first plurality of flow passages with a wetted area aand a second portion having a second plurality of flow passages with a second wetted area a, wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.75; and'}, 'passing a first mixture comprising hydrocarbons to a regenerative reactor, wherein'}reacting at least a portion of the hydrocarbons within the regenerative reactor to produce{'sub': '2', 'a second mixture comprising Cunsaturates.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.05 to 0.75.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.1 to 0.5.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising: [{'br': None, 'i': R', '=a', '/a', '=X, 'sub': 21', 'v2', 'v1, 'sup': (T', {'sub2': '2'}, '-T', {'sub2': '1'}, ')/300}, {'sub': 21', '2', '1, 'wherein Ris the ratio, Tis the zone temperature of the second portion in units of ° C., Tis the zone temperature of the first portion in units of ° C., and the X parameter is between 0.1 and 0.9;'}], 'calculating the ratio by the following equation{'sub': '21', 'obtaining the first portion and the second portion based on the determined ratio R; and'}disposing the first portion and second portion within the regenerative reactor.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the X parameter is in the range of 0.25 to 0.75.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Proton conducting membranes for hydrogen production and separation

In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide. By including the Zr and M in the oxide in place of Ce, the stability can be improved while maintaining sufficient hydrogen flux for efficient generation of hydrogen. In this manner, the conversion can be carried out by performing steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or water-gas shift reactions (WGS) at high temperature, where the conversion of CO to CO 2 and H 2 is driven by the removal of H 2 to give high conversions.

OPERATION METHOD FOR MULTICHANNEL APPARATUS AND MULTICHANNEL APPARATUS

A method of operating a microchannel reactor, in which a reaction channel is formed, includes generating a reaction product by causing a chemical reaction in a raw material fluid while causing the same to flow through a reaction channel. If the flow rate of the raw material fluid and/or the reaction product fluid flowing through a reaction channel decreases, a fluid which is inert to the raw material fluid and the reaction product is mixed into the fluid flowing through the reaction channel, in a flow rate corresponding to the decreased flow rate and at a position downstream of the introduction position of the raw material fluid into the reaction channel. 1. A method of operating a multichannel apparatus in which a reaction channel is formed , comprising a step of generating a reaction product by generating a chemical reaction in a raw material fluid while causing the raw material fluid to flow through the reaction channel , wherein if a flow rate of at least either one fluid of the raw material fluid and the reaction product fluid flowing through the reaction channel decreases , a fluid which is inert to the raw material fluid and the reaction product is mixed with the fluids flowing through the reaction channel in a flow rate corresponding to the decreased flow rate at a position on a downstream side of an introduction position of the raw material fluid into the reaction channel.2. The method of operating the multichannel apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid in a flow rate equal to the decreased flow rate is mixed with the fluids flowing through the reaction channel.3. The method of operating the multichannel apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is mixed with the fluids flowing through the reaction cannel at a position on a downstream side of the introduction position of the raw material fluid into the reaction channel and on an upstream side of an extraction position of the reaction product from the reaction channel.4. A ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FORMING CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES, AND RELATED CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES

A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprises forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material. At least one mounted nanocatalyst is formed on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure. A catalytic assembly and system for producing a catalytic assembly are also described. 1. A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprising:forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material; andforming at least one mounted nanocatalyst on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a support structure comprises forming nested structures each comprising at least one catalyst-containing surface comprising the at least one catalyst material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming greater than or equal to two structures in a nested relationship.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to comprise a hollow and elongated structure.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to be substantially concentrically aligned relative to each other of the nested structures.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming at least one of the nested structures to exhibit at least one of a longitudinal axis offset from that of the support structure and a lateral axis offset from that of the support structure.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming the support structure to comprise chambers substantially isolated from one another by the nested structures.8. The method of claim 2 ...

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor includes: a reaction-side flow channel in which a reaction fluid flows; structured catalysts accommodated in the reaction-side flow channel. Each structured catalyst includes inclined surfaces in at least part of each of two surfaces facing other structured catalysts. The inclined surfaces are inclined in the same direction with respect to an arrangement direction of the structured catalysts. 1. A catalytic reactor comprising:a reaction-side flow channel in which a reaction fluid flows;a first structured catalyst and a second structured catalyst located in the reaction-side flow channel; whereinthe first structured catalyst includes a first inclined surface in at least part of a surface of the first structured catalyst facing the second structured catalyst,the second structured catalyst includes a second inclined surface facing the first inclined surface, in at least part of a surface of the second structured catalyst facing the first structured catalyst,the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are inclined in the same direction with respect to an arrangement direction of the first structured catalyst and the second structured catalyst, andthe first structured catalyst and the second structured catalyst are tilted in the same direction with respect to the arrangement direction in a state where at least part of the first inclined surface and at least part of the second inclined surface are in contact with each other.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , whereinthe first inclined surface is formed in the entire surface of the first structured catalyst facing the second structured catalyst, andthe second inclined surface is formed in the entire surface of the second structured catalyst facing the first structured catalyst.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , whereinthe inner surface of the reaction-side flow channel is provided with a protrusion or a step configured to contact an end of the first inclined ...

Reactor For Conducting At Least Two Reactants

Various embodiments include a reactor comprising: a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant; a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant; multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant; and a medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel. The respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant. 1. A reactor comprising:a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant;a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant;multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant;wherein the respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant; anda medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the feed channel defines a flow direction for the second reactant; andthe passage openings are spaced apart from one another along the flow direction.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is formed as a unitary body.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is produced by means of a generative manufacturing process.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction channel extends in a helical shape.6. The ...

FRACTAL FLUID PASSAGES APPARATUS

Aspects of the present disclosure include branching fluid passages in an apparatus that reduce turbulent flow and generate evenly distributed fluid pressure as the fluids branch off into the different passages. In some embodiments, the branching passages may be subdivided into two sets: the branching passages for the liquid fuel and the branching passages for the liquid oxidizer. In some embodiments, the two sets of passages are carefully designed in an elegant yet extremely intricate manner that is optimized for proper fluid flow and maximal burn efficiency. The ends of all of the passages meet at the injector interface, which dispense the liquids into the combustion chamber for ignition. Generally, these designs are achieved through additive manufacturing, and would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be manufactured using traditional techniques. 1. An apparatus comprising: an inlet;', 'a first fractal fluid branching passage and a second fractal fluid branching passage, the first and second fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the inlet with continuously smooth curvature to the inlet such that fluid flowing from the inlet is configured to flow into both the first and second fractal fluid branching passages with minimal change in pressure drop;', 'a third fractal fluid branching passage and a fourth fractal fluid branching passage, the third and fourth fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the first fractal fluid branching passage with continuously smooth curvature to the first fractal fluid branching passage such that the fluid flowing from the first fractal fluid branching passage is configured to flow into both the third and fourth fractal fluid branching passages with minimal change in pressure drop; and', 'a fifth fractal fluid branching passage and a sixth fractal fluid branching passage, the fifth and sixth fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the second fractal fluid branching passage with continuously smooth curvature to the ...

COMPACT AND MAINTAINABLE WASTE REFORMATION APPARATUS

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Process And Reactor Comprising A Plurality Of Catalyst Receptacles

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING METHANOL FROM SYNTHESIS GASES HAVING A HIGH PROPORTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The invention relates to a process for producing methanol and to a plant for producing methanol. A first fresh gas suitable for production of methanol and having a high carbon dioxide content is pre-compressed by a first compressor stage to obtain a second fresh gas. The second fresh gas is merged with a recycle gas stream and further compressed to synthesis pressure in a second compressor stage. Catalytic conversion of the thus obtained synthesis gas stream in a plurality of serially arranged reactor stages with intermediate condensation and separation of the crude methanol reduces the recycle gas amount in the synthesis circuit to such an extent that recycle gas may be directly recycled to the second fresh gas stream, thus ensuring that no recycle gas compressor stage is required and that the total compressor power may be reduced. 1. A process for producing methanol , comprising:a) providing an input gas comprising carbon oxides and hydrogen, wherein the proportion of carbon dioxide in the input gas, based on the total amount of the carbon oxides, is at least 80% by volume;b) introducing the input gas as a first fresh gas stream into a first compressor stage for precompression of the first fresh gas stream to obtain a second fresh gas stream;c) introducing a recycle gas stream and the second fresh gas stream into a second compressor stage for compression of the recycle gas stream and the second fresh gas stream to synthesis pressure to obtain a synthesis gas stream;d) catalytically converting the synthesis gas of the synthesis gas stream in a plurality of serially arranged reactor stages at synthesis pressure to obtain a product stream comprising methanol and unreacted synthesis gas per reactor stage;e) cooling the product stream obtained per reactor stage for condensation and separation of methanol from unreacted synthesis gas and introducing unreacted synthesis gas into a respective subsequent stage of the serially arranged reactor stages;f) withdrawing ...

Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis

The invention relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon pyrolysis, and to the use of hydrocarbon pyrolysis for, e.g., hydrocarbon upgrading. 124-. (canceled)25. A reactor for pyrolysing a hydrocarbon feed under predetermined pyrolysis conditions , the reactor comprising{'sub': 'R', '(a) an elongated tubular vessel having (i) an internal volume which includes first and second regions and (ii) opposed first and second openings in fluidic communication with the internal volume, the first and second openings being separated by a reactor length (L), and'}{'sub': s', 'p, 'sup': '3', 'claim-text': [ (A) a first aperture, the first aperture being proximate to the first opening and in fluidic communication with the first opening,', '(B) at least one internal channel in fluidic communication with the first aperture, and', {'sub': 1', '1', 'R, '(C) a second aperture, the second aperture being in fluidic communication with the first aperture via a flowpath Lthrough the channel, Lbeing ≥0.1*L; and'}], '(i) the first channeled thermal mass includes, [{'br': None, 'i': t', '*C', '*R*T', '*ΔT', '*X*ΔH*P, 'sub': R', 's', 'p', 'av', 'av', 'P, 'sup': '−1', '([OFA-1]/OFA)=(*ρ)*(t), wherein,'}, "(A) R is the feed's Gas Constant and", {'sub': R', 'av', 'p', 'p', 'av', 'P', 'av, '(B) the predetermined pyrolysis conditions include a residence time in the channel (t)≤1 sec., a feed conversion (X)≥50%, an average total pressure in the channel (P)≥1 bar, an average bulk gas temperature in the channel (T)≤1500° C. at the start of the pyrolysis, a peak gas temperature (T) located in the channel, T>T, a pyrolysis step time tin the range of from 0.001 sec. to 50 sec., and a change in average bulk gas temperature during the pyrolysis (ΔT)≤100° C.'}], '(ii) the OFA is determined from the formula], '(b) a channeled thermal mass located in the first region, wherein the first channeled thermal mass has a ...

Method for growing carbon nanotubes

A method for growing carbon nanotubes is provided. A reactor including a reactor chamber and a substrate located in the reactor chamber is provide. The substrate is a hollow structure including a sidewall and a bottom. The hollow structure also defines an opening. The sidewall includes a carbon nanotube layer and catalyst particles dispersed in the carbon nanotube layer. A mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas is introduced into the reactor chamber so that the mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas flows into the hollow structure from the opening and out of the hollow structure through the sidewall. The hollow structure is heated.

METHODS OF MAKING (ALK)ACRYLIC ESTERS IN FLOW REACTORS

A method of making an (alk)acrylic ester in a microflow reactor. 1. A method of making an (alk)acrylic ester comprising an alcohol,', 'one or more bases that are sufficient to at least partially deprotonate the alcohol,', 'a polar solvent,', 'an (alk)acryloyl halide or a 3-haloalkylcarboxyl halide, and', 'an organic solvent that is immiscible with the polar solvent in sufficient quantity to dissolve the (alk)acryloyl halide or a 3-haloalkylcarboxyl halide; wherein, 'adding to a mixing chamber of a microflow reactor'}the molar flow ratio of the alcohol to the sum of all of the one or more bases is 1 to at least 1.1; andproducing a product stream comprising one or more (alk)acrylic esters and one or more salts of the one or more bases; whereinthe polar solvent added to the mixing chamber is sufficient to dissolve substantially all of the at one or more salts; andthe product stream having an organic portion and a polar portion, the organic portion comprises the (alk)acrylic ester in an amount of at least 80 wt % based on the total weight of the solutes in the organic portion of the product stream.2. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe polar solvent comprises water.3. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe mixing chamber of the microflow reactor comprises an exit port;wherein the method further comprises a step of removing the (alk)acrylic ester from the exit port simultaneously with the adding step.4. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe one or more bases are soluble in the polar solvent, the alcohol, or both and are selected from amines, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali earth metal hydroxides, and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more bases comprises triethyl amine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing chamber of the microflow reactor comprises a first addition port and a second addition port claim 1 , and wherein the adding step comprisesadding a mixture of the alcohol and the one or more bases through the first addition port; ...

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING AND CONDITIONING OF MATERIAL TRANSPORTED THROUGH THE DEVICE

The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design. 1. Reactor tube having an inlet end and an outlet end for treating a fluid flowing through the reactor tube , with a plurality of grid structures arranged in series in the flow direction in the reactor tube for mixing the fluid , wherein each grid structure consists of three sets of parallel partitions which bound flow channels with a flow cross section in the form of a (regular) polygon , and wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are offset and/or rotated with respect to one another.2. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in each set of parallel partitions claim 1 , the adjacent partitions are equally spaced.3. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the three sets of parallel partitions intersect in each case at an angle of 120 degrees claim 1 , and in that the partitions bound flow channels with a flow cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle.4. Reactor tube according to claim 3 , wherein the length of the grid structures in the flow direction approximately corresponds to the side length of the equilateral triangles.5. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are offset with respect to one another in a direction perpendicular to the plane of one of the partitions.6. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are rotated with respect to one another by an angle of 60 degrees.7. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the grid structures repeats periodically.8. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the grid structures repeats claim 1 , in each case after three grid structures.9. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the triangle height of the reactor tube is from 1-10 mm claim 1 , (preferably 1-5 mm claim 1 , more preferred 2-3 mm). ...

FLOW REACTOR FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

A flow reactor for photochemical reactions comprises an extended flow passage () surrounded by one or more flow passage walls (), the flow passage having a length and a light diffusing rod () having a diameter of at least 500 μm and a length, with at least a portion of the length of the rod () extending inside of and along the flow passage () for at least a portion of the length of the flow passage (). 110. A flow reactor () for photochemical reactions , the reactor comprising:{'b': 20', '22, 'an extended flow passage () surrounded by one or more flow passage walls (), the flow passage having a length; and'}{'b': 30', '30', '20', '20, 'a light diffusing rod () having a diameter or cross section of at least 500 μm and a length, at least a portion of the length of the rod () extending inside and along the flow passage () for at least a portion of the length of the flow passage ().'}210402022. The flow reactor () according to further comprising at least one thermal control passage () divided from the extended flow passage () by at least one of the one or more flow passage walls ().31030. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein the rod () comprises glass.4103032. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein the rod () comprises light scattering and/or light diffusing nanostructures ().5103234. The flow reactor () according to claim 4 , wherein the light scattering and/or light diffusing nanostructures () comprise random gas voids ().610303638. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein said portion of the length of the rod () is radially surrounded by an outer coating () or sheath ().710303638. The flow reactor () according to claim 6 , wherein the rod () has a first index of refraction and the coating () or sheath () has a second index of refraction and the first index is at least 0.05 greater than the second index.810. The flow reactor () according to claim 7 , wherein the first index is at least 0.1 greater than the second index.9103638. The ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF QUANTUM RODS USING FLOW REACTOR

A method for production of quantum rods is semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles of elongated shape. The semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles are core-shell nanoparticles, where core is CdSe coated with CdS shell. At the current state of the art, mass production of this type of quantum rods is challenging because of extremely fast growth of wurtzite CdSe seeds serving as the core, especially when the seeds size is below 3.0 nm that is required for synthesis of green emitting QRs. We propose the non-injection method for CdSe-seeds which comprises: preparation of single reaction mixture containing both Cd- and Se-precursors, which is liquid at room temperature: pumping the reaction mixture through the heating zone specially designed to provide highly reproducible and well-controllable residential time (0.1-60 seconds) in a heating chamber, thereby resulting in CdSe seeds with low size distribution and narrow emission bandwidth; synthesis of quantum rods using the prepared CdSe seeds. 1. A method for synthesis of semiconductor luminescent nanorods CdSe/CdZnSeScomprising:preparing single reaction mixture containing cadmium organophosphonate and Se-precursor, which is homogeneous liquid at room temperature;pumping the said reaction mixture through the flow reactor heating zone to synthesize CdSe seeds of wurtzite crystal type with controllable emission wavelength, low size distribution, and narrow full width at half maximum of emission band;synthesizing semiconductor luminescent nanorods from the said CdSe seeds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein to homogeneously dissolve the Cd- and Se-precursors claim 1 , the mixture of trialkylphosphineoxides of general formulae RRRPO is used as a solvent claim 1 , where R claim 1 , Rand Rare independently alkyl groups CHwith n being in the range of 1 to 30; or wherein R is a branched alkyl or alkenyl group or a branched carbon chain of total length in the range of 4 to 22 carbon atoms comprising one or more double bonds.3. The ...

IMPROVED PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR VAPOR PHASE POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN MONOMERS

The present invention relates to a continuous vapor phase olefin polymerization process comprising polymerization of at least one olefin monomer in at least two serial polymerization reactors containing an agitated bed of forming polymer particles, wherein forming polymer particles are transferred from an upstream reactor to a downstream reactor, wherein the upstream reactor is a horizontal stirred reactor containing multiple reaction zones, each reaction zone having at least one inlet for a gaseous stream and optionally additionally an inlet for a liquid stream, wherein said process reduces the carry-over of undesired reactive gases from the upstream reactor to the downstream reactor. The present invention further relates to a system suitable for the present continuous vapor phase olefin polymerization process. The present invention further relates to the use of the present process and system for producing heterophasic polypropylene. 1. A continuous vapor phase olefin polymerization process comprising polymerization of at least one olefin monomer in at least two serial vapor phase polymerization reactors containing an agitated bed of forming polymer particles ,wherein forming polymer particles are transferred from an upstream reactor to a downstream reactor,wherein the upstream reactor is a horizontal stirred reactor containing multiple reaction zones, each reaction zone having at least one inlet for a gaseous stream and optionally additionally an inlet for a liquid stream and,{'sub': 2', 'discharge zone', 'discharge zone', '2', 'receding zone', 'preceding zone, 'wherein one reaction zone comprised in the upstream reactor vessel is a polymer discharge reaction zone from which forming polymer particles are discharged and subsequently transported to the downstream reactor and wherein the ratio of the hydrogen concentration to the olefin monomer concentration in the polymer discharge reaction zone ([H]/[Olefin monomer]) is reduced compared to the ratio of the hydrogen ...

REACTOR

A reactor includes: a heat exchange section including: a first flow channel configured to flow a reaction fluid and a second flow channel configured to flow a heat medium; an introduction path for a temperature sensor, extending from an insertion opening provided on a side surface of the heat exchange section to the first flow channel or the second flow channel; a pipe for a temperature sensor, connected to a side surface of the heat exchange section and communicating with the introduction path through the insertion opening; and a jig provided in the pipe. The jig is provided with a guide hole extending from the base end toward the tip end and opened toward the insertion opening of the introduction path. The guide hole is provided with a tapered hole directed from the base end toward the tip end. 1. A reactor comprising: a first flow channel configured to flow a reaction fluid, and', 'a second flow channel configured to flow a heat medium;, 'a heat exchange section includingan introduction path for a temperature sensor, extending from an insertion opening provided on a side surface of the heat exchange section to the first flow channel or the second flow channel;a pipe for a temperature sensor, connected to the side surface of the heat exchange section and communicating with the introduction path through the insertion opening; anda jig provided in the pipe, including a tip end facing the insertion opening of the introduction path and a base end positioned on a side opposite to the tip end; whereinthe jig is provided with a guide hole extending from the base end toward the tip end and opened toward the insertion opening of the introduction path, andthe guide hole is provided with a tapered hole directed from the base end toward the tip end.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , whereinthe jig is movably provided in the pipe.3. The reactor according to claim 2 , whereinthe jig includes a large-diameter portion located on a base end side and a small-diameter portion ...

Process

A reactor having a shell comprising: one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

Fractal fluid passages apparatus

Aspects of the present disclosure include branching fluid passages in an apparatus that reduce turbulent flow and generate evenly distributed fluid pressure as the fluids branch off into the different passages. In some embodiments, the branching passages may be subdivided into two sets: the branching passages for the liquid fuel and the branching passages for the liquid oxidizer. In some embodiments, the two sets of passages are carefully designed in an elegant yet extremely intricate manner that is optimized for proper fluid flow and maximal burn efficiency. The ends of all of the passages meet at the injector interface, which dispense the liquids into the combustion chamber for ignition. Generally, these designs are achieved through additive manufacturing, and would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be manufactured using traditional techniques.

REACTOR

A reactor includes: a main reactor core including main reaction flow channels through which the raw material fluid flows, and main temperature control flow channels through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; and a pre-reactor core including pre-reaction flow channels of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the raw material fluid flows, and pre-temperature control flow channels of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel. 1. A reactor for causing a reaction of a raw material fluid by a heat exchange between the raw material fluid and a heat medium to generate a product , the reactor comprising:a main reactor core including a main reaction flow channel through which the raw material fluid flows, and a main temperature control flow channel through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; anda pre-reactor core including a pre-reaction flow channel of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channel and through which the raw material fluid flows, and a pre-temperature control flow channel of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channel and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the pre-reaction flow channel and the inlet side of the main reaction flow channel.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the ...

CATALYST AND SYSTEM FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING BY RESISTANCE HEATING; SAID CATALYST'S PREPARATION

The invention relates to a structured catalyst for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction in a given temperature range T upon bringing a hydrocarbon feed gas into contact with the structured catalyst. The structured catalyst comprises a macroscopic structure, which comprises an electrically conductive material and supports a ceramic coating. The macroscopic structure has been manufactured by 3D printing or extrusion and subsequent sintering, wherein the macroscopic structure and the ceramic coating have been sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to form chemical bonds between the ceramic coating and the macroscopic structure. The ceramic coating supports catalytically active material arranged to catalyze the steam methane reforming reaction, wherein the macroscopic structure is arranged to conduct an electrical current to supply an energy flux to the steam methane reforming reaction. The invention moreover relates to methods of manufacturing the structured catalyst and a system using the structured catalyst. 1. A structured catalyst for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction in a given temperature range T upon bringing a hydrocarbon feed gas into contact with said structured catalyst , said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure , said macroscopic structure comprising an electrically conductive material , said macroscopic structure having a resistivity between 10Ω-m and 10Ω-m in the given temperature range T , and said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating , wherein the macroscopic structure has been manufactured by extrusion or 3D printing and by subsequent sintering , wherein said macroscopic structure and said ceramic coating have been sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to form chemical bonds between said ceramic coating and said macroscopic structure , wherein said ceramic coating supports catalytically active material , said catalytically active material being arranged to catalyze the steam methane ...

DEVICES FOR THROUGH-FLOW OF FLUIDS COMPRISING GRADED POROUS STRUCTURES

A device for the through-flow of a fluid may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A porous structure with interconnected pores is arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction. The porous structure is coupled to a wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall. The porous structure has a porosity gradient along a first direction, which is cross to the overall flow direction. The porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall. The difference between the second porosity and the first porosity may be at least 4%. 1. A device for through-flow of a fluid , the device comprising:a vessel, comprising a wall, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction, anda porous structure having interconnected pores arranged in the vessel between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, wherein the porous structure is coupled to the wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall, and wherein the porous structure comprises a porosity gradient along a first direction which is cross to the overall flow direction,wherein the porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall relative to the first location, a difference between the second porosity and the first porosity being at least 4%.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first direction extends in a plane perpendicular to the overall flow direction.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the second porosity and the first porosity is at least 6%.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PARALLEL PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT SYNTHESIS GASES

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the parallel production of at least two synthesis gases () having different compositions from a hydrocarbon-containing starting material () which is, after mixing with steam () and/or carbon dioxide (), fed to a steam reformer (R) and there converted into synthesis gas by steam reforming in at least two catalyst tubes (K K K) operated in parallel. It is characteristic of the invention that at least two mixtures () having different compositions are formed from the hydrocarbon-containing starting material () by division and addition of steam () and/or carbon dioxide (), where each of the different mixtures () is fed as exclusive feed to a catalyst tube or a group of catalyst tubes (K K K) of the steam reformer (R) and converted into synthesis gas (). 110111. A process for the parallel production of at least two synthesis gases ( , ) having different compositions from a hydrocarbon-containing starting material () , comprising:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '6', '9, 'claim-text': {'b': 6', '9', '1', '2', '3', '6', '9', '10', '11', '10', '11, 'feeding each of said at least two feed mixtures (, ) as exclusive feed to a catalyst tube or a group of catalyst tubes (K, K, K) of a steam reformer (R), wherein each of said at least two feed mixtures (, ) is converted into a synthesis gas (, ), whereby at least two synthesis gases (, ) having different compositions are formed.'}, 'dividing a stream of hydrocarbon-containing starting material () into at least two feed substreams and then forming, by addition of steam () and/or carbon dioxide (), at least two feed mixtures (, ) having different compositions, and'}21011. The process according to claim 1 , wherein each of the synthesis gases ( claim 1 , ) formed is subsequently further treated independently of the other synthesis gas or other synthesis gases.31. The process according to claim 1 , wherein natural gas is used as hydrocarbon-containing starting material ().41. The process ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STEAM REFORMING

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique method for operating a fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique system for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel. Another embodiment is a unique fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and steam reforming systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith. 1. A system for steam reforming a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:a source of fuel;a fuel cell stack;a catalyst consisting essentially of platinum and ruthenium as catalytically active materials, wherein the platinum content by weight is less than the ruthenium content of the catalyst, and wherein the catalyst is configured for self-cleaning of sulfur compounds when performing steam reforming using a low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel; and a fuel inlet in fluid communication with the source of fuel and configured to receive hydrocarbon fuel from the source of fuel;', 'a fuel outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack and configured to provide reformed hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel cell stack; and', 'a catalytic reactor having a plurality of surfaces, wherein the plurality of surfaces have the catalyst disposed thereon, and wherein the catalyst is configured to:', 'reform a high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a first period of time; and', 'reform a low-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a second period of time whereby the catalyst, using the low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel, self-cleans of sulfur compounds that may be present from poisoning by sulfur exposure during the reforming of the high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel., 'a reformer comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum content of the catalyst is a ...

Jig for inserting filling member into reactor

A jig for inserting a packing into a flow passage of a reactor extending in one direction or for removing the packing from the flow passage, includes: a pair of strip portions extending in parallel with each other, having a length longer than the flow passage; and link portions arranged in an extending direction of the pair of strip portions, linking the pair of strip portions and having lengths with which the pair of strip portions sandwich the packing therebetween.

Reactor for producing synthesis gas

The present invention relates to a reactor for production of synthesis gas that optionally has a fluid-tight connection to a heat exchanger, and to a process for producing synthesis gas, preferably under high pressure.

Reformer With Bypass For Internal Fuel Cell Reforming

A fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack, comprising an anode portion and a cathode portion, a source of hydrocarbon fuel, and a reformer unit having one or more cold-side, reforming passages, a fuel supply conduit, a reformate exhaust conduit, one or more hot-side channels, a cathode exhaust conduit, a cathode inlet conduit, one or more bypass channels having non-reforming passages for fuel to bypass the cold-side channels, and a flow controller for controlling the flowrate in the bypass channels, and methods for operating the same, is provided.

Device useful for hydrogenation reactions (ii)

The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of specific solid metallic structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element and wherein the porous element is coated by a non-acidic metal oxide which is impregnated by palladium (Pd).

Apparatus and continuous flow process for production of boronic acid derivative

A process for a continuous production of a boronic acid derivative and an apparatus of performing the process are disclosed.

HYDRATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

Vessels including an enclosure having an outer perimeter and an interior space, a channel disposed in the interior space, a first port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a first end of the channel, and a second port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a second end of the channel, where the channel has a length greater than the shortest distance between the first port and the second port, and where the first port and the second port are in fluid communication with one another. In some cases, the length of the channel is greater than a length of the outer perimeter. Optionally, the vessel may have a second enclosure having an outer perimeter and an interior space with a second channel disposed in the interior space, a third port disposed on a surface of the second enclosure at or proximate to a first end of the second channel, and a fourth port disposed on a surface of the second enclosure at or proximate to a second end of the second channel, where the second port, the third port and fourth port are in fluid communication. In yet some other optional variations, the vessel further includes a plurality of enclosures each having an outer perimeter and an interior space, a channel disposed in the interior space, a port disposed on a surface of the enclosure at or proximate to a first end of the channel, and a port disposed on a surface of the enclosure at or proximate to a second end of the channel, where the channel has a length greater than a shortest distance between the ports, and the second port and the ports disposed on the surface of the plurality of enclosures are in fluid communication. The perimeter shape of the enclosure(s) may be any suitable shape, including, but not limited to, substantially circular, ovate or rectangular. 4. The apparatus of wherein the first enclosure further comprises two pair of continuous channels in the interior space.5. The apparatus of further comprising a pair of intermediate ...

Scalable And Robust Burner/Combustor And Reactor Configuration

Disclosed herein are processes, apparatuses, and systems for producing chemicals. One system may comprise a wall defining a chamber; a plurality of burners configured in an arrangement within the chamber, wherein each of the burners is supplied with a material and facilitates combustion of the material, and wherein the arrangement defines an inner volume disposed radially inwardly relative thereto; and an injector disposed within the inner volume and configured to introduce a feedstock into the chamber, wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the feedstock. 1. A system comprising:a wall defining a chamber;a plurality of burners configured in an arrangement within the chamber, wherein each of the burners is supplied with a material and facilitates combustion of the material, and wherein the arrangement defines an inner volume disposed radially inwardly relative thereto; andan injector disposed within the inner volume and configured to introduce a feedstock into the chamber, wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the feedstock.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of the plurality of burners is dependent on a cross-sectional shape of the chamber.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of the plurality of burners comprises an annular configuration.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises methane claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , or a combination thereof5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises a hydrocarbon.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of second injectors disposed radially outwardly relative to the arrangement of the plurality of burners claim 1 , wherein each of the second injectors is configured to introduce a second feedstock into the chamber claim 1 , wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the second feedstock.7. The system of claim 6 ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

STEAM REFORMING HEATED BY RESISTANCE HEATING

A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, including: a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas including hydrocarbons, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein the ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; a pressure shell housing the structured catalyst; heat insulation layer between the structured catalyst and the pressure shell; at least two conductors electrically connected to the macroscopic structure and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the macroscopic structure. Also, a process for steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons. 1. A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons , said reactor system comprising:a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of said feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material;a pressure shell housing said structured catalyst, said pressure shell comprising an inlet for letting in said feed gas and an outlet for letting out product gas, wherein said inlet is positioned so that said feed gas enters said structured catalyst in a first end of said structured catalyst and said product gas exits said structured catalyst from a second end of said structured catalyst;a heat insulation layer between said structured catalyst and said pressure shell; andat least two conductors electrically connected to said structured catalyst and to an electrical ...

Installing monoliths in a reactor for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions

A method is proposed for installing monoliths ( 2 ) each formed of a ceramic block having a multiplicity of mutually parallel channels wherethrough the reaction gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction can flow in a reactor ( 1 ) for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, wherein said monoliths ( 2 ) are stacked side by side and on top of each other in the reactor interior, wherein the monoliths are sealed off from each other and from the inner wall of said reactor ( 1 ) by mats ( 3 ) each comprising an intumescent mat which before installation in said reactor ( 1 ) were completely enveloped in a polymeric film, wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat ( 3 ) is evacuated and wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat ( 3 ) is devacuated after installation in said reactor ( 1 ).

Chemical Reactor with Integrated Heat Exchanger, Heater, and High Conductance Catalyst Holder

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis.

FLUID FLOW DEVICE CLEANING METHOD AND FLUID FLOW DEVICE

Provided is a method for cleaning an arbitrary fluid channel in a fluid flow device including a channel-forming body forming a plurality of fluid channels, a first header, and a second header. The method includes opening a cleaning-target channel included in the plurality of fluid channels and closing a non-cleaning-target channel which is the other fluid channel; and supplying a cleaning liquid to a cleaning-liquid supply header selected from the first header and the second header in a state where the non-cleaning-target channel is closed to cause the cleaning liquid to flow only through the cleaning-target channel. 1. A fluid flow device cleaning method for cleaning an arbitrary fluid channel of a fluid flow device , as a cleaning-target channel , the fluid flow device including a channel-forming body which forms a plurality of fluid channels each having a first opening and a second opening at opposite ends , the channel-forming body having an outer surface in which there exist a first region where the respective first openings of the plurality of fluid channels are gathered and a second region where the second openings of the plurality of fluid channels are gathered , a first header which covers collectively the first openings in the first region to thereby define a first space communicating with each of the first opening , and a second header which covers collectively the second openings in the second region to thereby define a second space communicating with each of the second openings , the fluid flow device allowing a fluid supplied to one of the first header and the second header to flow through the plurality of fluid channels and to flow into the other of the first header and the second header , the method comprises:closing each non-cleaning-target channel which is included in the plurality of fluid channels and other than the cleaning-target channel; andsupplying a cleaning liquid to a cleaning-liquid supply header which is selected from the first header ...

Biogas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading biogas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a reformer feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the reformer feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the reformer feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading biogas to methanol.

Hydrocarbon Conversion

The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon conversion, and to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., hydrocarbon pyrolysis processes. The hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one channeled member that comprises refractory and has an open frontal area ≤55%. The refractory can include non-oxide ceramic. 120.-. (canceled)21. A reverse-flow reactor , comprising: (i) the second aperture is separated from the first aperture by a first flow-path through the channel,', {'sub': n+1', 'n', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm, '(ii) the refractory includes one or more of a first ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula MAX, a second ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula NB, and a third ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula PQ, and'}, '(iii) M is at least one element selected from Groups 3-6 of the Periodic Table, A is at least one element selected from Groups 13-15 of the Periodic Table; X is carbon and/or nitrogen; N is at least one element selected from Groups 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table; B is boron; P is at least one element selected from Groups 4-10 of the Periodic Table; Q is silicon and/or aluminum; n is 1, 2, or 3; i and k are each a positive integer; j is i+1 or i+2; and m is a positive integer that can be greater than k, less than k, or equal to k;, '(a) a first channeled member having open frontal area (OFA)≤55%, the first channeled member comprising at least one refractory and having opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, wherein'}(b) a second channeled member comprising at least one refractory and having opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, the first and second apertures being separated by a second flow-path through the channel,(c) a reactor vessel having opposed first and second openings and an internal volume, wherein (i ...

APPARATUS FOR PREPARING GERMANE GAS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING MONOGERMANE GAS USING SAME

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas, capable of stably producing a large amount of monogermane gas by mixing starting materials in short time and removing reaction heat at the same time using a reactor having a microstructured channel, and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. In accordance with the present disclosure, it is easy to control rapid increase of reaction temperature and pressure during mass production of germane gas. Accordingly, monogermane gas can be produced in large scale with high yield. 1. A method for preparing monogermane gas , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'injecting an aqueous alkali solution of starting materials and an aqueous acid solution into a first channel and a second channel, respectively, the aqueous alkali solution containing germanium dioxide (GeO) and an alkali metal hydride;'}mixing the injected aqueous alkali solution of the starting materials and the aqueous acid solution in a third channel connected to the first channel and the second channel, and reacting the mixed solutions to produce monogermane gas and a reaction solution; anddischarging the produced monogermane gas and the reaction solution out of the third channel,wherein reaction heat generated in the third channel is absorbed by a coolant circulating in a coolant circulation unit disposed adjacent to the third channel.2. The method for preparing monogermane gas according to claim 1 , wherein the third channel is a microchannel.3. The method for preparing monogermane gas according to claim 1 , wherein the third channel comprises a main channel and a plurality of projections formed on the main channel.4. The method for preparing monogermane gas according to claim 3 , wherein the plurality of projections have an acute angle with respect to the main channel and protrude in one ...

Hydrocarbon Conversion to Ethylene

The invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process and a reactor configured to carry out the hydrocarbon conversion process. The hydrocarbon conversion process is directed to increasing the overall equilibrium production of ethylene from typical pyrolysis reactions. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be carried out by exposing a hydrocarbon feed to a peak pyrolysis gas temperature in a reaction zone in the range of from 850° C. to 1200° C.

Hydrocarbon Conversion

The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon conversion, and to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., hydrocarbon pyrolysis processes. The hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one channeled member that comprises refractory and has an open frontal area ≤55%. The refractory can include non-oxide ceramic. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion process , comprising:(a) providing a feed comprising hydrocarbon; (i) the second aperture is separated from the first aperture by a flow-path through the channel,', '(ii) the channeled member has an open frontal area (OFA) ≤55%,', {'sub': n+1', 'n', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm, '(iii) the channeled member comprises a refractory which includes one or more of a first ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula MAX, a second ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula NB, and a third ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula PQ, and'}, '(iv) M is at least one element selected from Groups 3-6 of the Periodic Table; A is at least one element selected from Groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table; X is carbon and/or nitrogen; N is at least one element selected from Groups 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table; B is boron; P is at least one element selected from Groups 4-10 of the Periodic Table; Q is silicon and/or aluminum; n is 1, 2, or 3; i and k are each a positive integer; j is i+1 or i+2; and m is a positive integer that can be greater than k, less than k, or equal to k;, '(b) providing a channeled member that includes opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, wherein'}(c) providing a flow-through reactor having opposed first and second openings and an internal volume, wherein (i) the internal volume includes the channeled member, (ii) the first opening is adjacent to the first aperture, and (iii) the first and second openings are in fluidic communication ...

PROPULSION ELEMENT INCLUDING A CATALYZING REACTOR

A propulsion element including a catalyzing reactor is disclosed. The catalyzing reactor comprises a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit. The reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor. The channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path, in which channel in use, a catalyzed exothermic reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path. The at least one channel is looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof. 1. A propulsion element including a catalyzing reactor , the catalyzing reactor having a reactor entrance , a reactor exit , and an internal structure configured for flowing a reacting medium from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit , the internal structure comprising at least one reactor channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of the reacting medium ,wherein the reactor channel defines a flow path between the reactor entrance and the reactor exit, and wherein the reactor channel is looped such that a first portion of the flow path that is relatively more downstream with respect to the reactor entrance is proximate, and in heat exchanging contact with, a second portion of the flow path that is relatively more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, the reactor channel being configured for transferring heat between the reacting medium present in the first portion of the flow path and the reacting medium present in the second portion of the flow path.2. The propulsion ...

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor according to an embodiment includes a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed, a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit, and a seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing. The seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing. 1. A catalytic reactor , comprising:a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed;a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit; anda seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing,wherein the seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 ,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape extending in the axial direction, andwherein the reactor housing has a cylindrical shape.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein a plurality of the catalytic units are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein the plurality of catalytic units are arranged in a grid shape in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein the catalytic unit includes a casing integrally holding the at least one catalyst.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein each catalytic ...

Packed-bed tubular reactor for heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reaction effected in a three-phase system essentially consisting of a gaseous reagent phase, a liquid reacted phase and a solid catalytic phase, wherein the solid catalytic phase is composed of packed bodies encaged in at least one open-cell foam structure with a high thermal conductivity.

LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS FOR MONOLITH CATALYSTS AND SUBSTRATES

The present invention relates to different liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications. The present invention more particularly relates to distributor devices in the form of a single injection and multiple injection pipe distributors; shower head distributor comprising a plurality of holes for plunging liquid; a packing of spherical particles with a pre-distributor to split the liquid into manifold streams, before entry into the monolith bed. The present invention provides liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications providing improved liquid distribution into the monolith bed resulting in uniform fluid flow in each channel so as to make maximum use of the catalyst surface area. 1. A device for distributing a liquid flow stream downwardly into a monolith bed , comprising:a. an enclosed vessel comprising inlet port to hold an inlet feed axial pipe through a connector at centre position in vessel to feed liquid;b. two side inlet ports at the top peripheral of the vessel for gas phase entry;c. an output of inlet feed pipe for recovering liquid either through single drip (single pipe distributor) or the said output transforming into multiple nozzles downstream symmetrically spaced to distribute liquid in a uniform fashion across the cross section of monolith; andd. sufficient space of 0.1 to 0.6 times the bed diameter interposed in between nozzle's exit and monolith surface wherein liquid and gas communicate before entering the monolith bed.2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diameter of the pipe distributor with the diameter of bed (d/d) is a variable within 0.04 to 0.4.3. The device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the value of d/d≈0.17 offers an appropriate distribution without excessive pressure drop.4. A shower head distributor device for distribution of liquids comprising:a. an inner enclosed vessel comprising centered inlet port to feed liquid;b. perforated plate attached to said vessel at the bottom;c. an ...

Alkylbenzene hydroperoxide production using dispersed bubbles of oxygen containing gas

An apparatus for oxidation of a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene reactant to a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene hydroperoxide product, the re-actor can comprise: a flow reactor comprising a reactant inlet, an oxidate product outlet, wherein the reactor is configured to provide a liquid flow from the reactant inlet to the product outlet, a gas inlet configured to introduce an oxygen-containing gas into the reactor and an inlet sparger configured to flow gas bubbles comprising the oxygen-containing gas within the liquid flow, and wherein: the inlet sparger is configured to flow the gas bubbles having a diameter of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm over a gas bubble residence time from 1 to 200 seconds, and/or the inlet sparger configured to flow the gas bubbles such that greater than or equal to 80% of the gas bubbles do not coalesce into larger bubbles over a gas bubble residence time of 1 to 200 seconds.

CATALYST MODULES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

In one aspect, catalyst modules and catalytic reactors are provided which, in some embodiments, mitigate inefficiencies and/or problems associated with fluid stream pressure drop. A catalyst module comprises a layer of structural catalyst bodies arranged in a pleated format, the structural catalyst bodies forming pleat inlet faces and pleat outlet faces, wherein fluid flow channels defined by inner partition walls of the structural catalyst bodies extend from the pleat inlet faces to the pleat outlet faces. The pleat inlet faces form an angle (δ) with an inlet face of the module. 1. A catalyst module comprising:a layer of structural catalyst bodies arranged in a pleated format, the structural catalyst bodies forming pleat inlet faces and pleat outlet faces, wherein fluid flow channels defined by inner partition walls of the structural catalyst bodies extend from the pleat inlet faces to the pleat outlet faces and the pleat inlet faces form an angle (δ) with an inlet face of the module ranging from 5 degrees to 85 degrees.3. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies have a depth (d) extending between the fluid stream inlet and outlet faces and a pleat inlet face width (s) where a ratio of d/s ranges from 0.001 to 0.5.4. The catalyst module of claim 3 , wherein the ratio d/s ranges from 0.003 to 0.3.5. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein δ ranges from 55 degrees to 87 degrees.6. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies have a cell density of 50 cells per square inch (cpsi) to 900 cpsi.7. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are honeycomb catalyst bodies.8. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are corrugated catalyst bodies.9. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are operable for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the fluid stream.10. A catalytic reactor comprising:a plurality of ...

ENHANCED MICROCHANNEL OR MESOCHANNEL DEVICES AND METHODS OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed. 1. A solar-powered apparatus , comprising a solar concentrator having a concave shape and a dome-shaped chemical processor is adapted to conduct a unit operation is disposed in relation to the solar collector so that the convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor faces the concave face of the solar concentrator; and wherein the convex face of the chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes for passage of a fluid to or from a central area of the dome to the peripheral area of the dome.2. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes that are exposed on the surface of the dome.3. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes comprise a methane reforming catalyst or a reverse-water gas shift catalyst.4. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein convex face of the dome-shaped chemical processor comprises a tube or tubes providing radial fluid flow from a source inlet or source manifold near a central region of the dome to a perimeter of the dome and comprising a plurality of channels providing radial fluid flow from the perimeter to a receiving manifold claim 1 , wherein the receiving manifold is located near the central region of the dome.5. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the tube or tubes comprise a porous catalyst insert.6. The solar-powered apparatus of wherein the tube or tubes comprise two portions claim 1 , a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , that are separated by a nonporous claim 1 , thermally conductive divider claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises a catalyst and wherein the perimeter of ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY STEAM METHANE REFORMING

A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen, including: a reforming reactor system including a first catalyst bed including an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, a heat insulation layer between the first catalyst bed and the pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to the electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the electrically conductive material, where the pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar; a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system; and a gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit. A process for producing hydrogen from a feed gas including hydrocarbons. 1. A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen , said hydrogen plant comprising:a reforming reactor system comprising a first catalyst bed comprising an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, said catalytically active material being arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, a pressure shell housing said first catalyst bed, a heat insulation layer between said first catalyst bed and said pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to said electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell, wherein said electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of said first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through said electrically conductive material, wherein said pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar,a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system, anda gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit.2. A hydrogen plant according ...

REACTOR DESIGN FOR LIQUID PHASE FLUORINATION

A reactor apparatus is provided having a reaction chamber; a compartmentalizing apparatus including a plurality of compartments, each compartment being open at a top end and bottom end, the compartmentalizing apparatus being disposed within the reaction chamber; and an inlet disposed at an area of the reactor and in fluid communication between the reaction chamber and a feed source. Also provided is a reactor apparatus having an assembly having a reaction chamber; at least one agitator assembly configured to generate mixing within the reaction chamber, the agitator assembly including: a shaft partially lined or coated with a fluoropolymer or other non-metallic corrosion-resistant material, and an impeller lined or coated with the fluoropolymer or other non-metallic corrosion-resistant material; and an inlet disposed at an area of the reactor and in fluid communication between the reaction chamber and a feed source. The provided reactor apparatus can be utilized in hydrofluorination processes. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a reactor assembly having a reaction chamber;a compartmentalizing apparatus comprising a plurality of compartments, each compartment being open at a top end and bottom end, the compartmentalizing apparatus being disposed within the reaction chamber; andan inlet disposed at an area of the reactor and in fluid communication between the reaction chamber and a feed source.2. The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the inlet comprises a plurality of dip-tubes claim 1 , each dip-tube being associated with a corresponding compartment of the compartmentalizing apparatus.3. The apparatus as in claim 1 , further comprising a liquid or vapor distributor disposed at a bottom portion of the reactor claim 1 , the distributor configured to: promote initial mixing claim 1 , direct a flow of reactants into the plurality of compartments claim 1 , induce mixing up to and including turbulence claim 1 , and reduce channeling.4. An apparatus comprising:a reactor ...

REACTOR

A reactor includes: a main reactor core including main reaction flow channels through which the raw material fluid flows, and main temperature control flow channels through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; and a pre-reactor core including pre-reaction flow channels of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the raw material fluid flows, and pre-temperature control flow channels of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel. 2. (canceled)3: The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the main reaction flow channel and the inlet side of the pre-temperature control flow channel.46-. (canceled)7: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a catalyst for promoting the reaction of the raw material fluid is supported in each of the main reaction flow channel and the pre-reaction flow channel.8: The reactor according to claim 7 , wherein a main catalyst member supporting the catalyst is removably provided in the main reaction flow channel claim 7 , and a pre-catalyst member supporting the catalyst is removably provided in the pre-reaction flow channel.9: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a main fin is removably provided in the main temperature control flow channel claim 1 , and a pre-fin is removably provided in the pre-temperature control flow channel.10: The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat medium adjustment device for adjusting a flow rate or a temperature of the heat medium supplied to the main temperature control flow channel.11: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-reactor core is removably integrated with the main reactor ...

Reactor with Honeycomb Catalyst for Fuel Reformation

A reactor using honeycomb catalyst is provided for fuel reformation with high activity and heat stability. The reactor comprises a heating tube, a methane gas inlet, a three-way steam inlet and a hydrogen-rich gas outlet. The three-way steam inlet is near to the heating tube for providing heat required for reformation and to reduce power consumption. The heating tube is made of an inconel material so that the overall reaction may be carried out at high temperature. The heating tube is set with a honeycomb carrier of cordierite. The honeycomb carrier is pasted with carbon nanotube and heat-treated to increase internal surface area. The honeycomb carrier has a Pt/CeO 2 /α-Al 2 O 3 catalyst; is placed in the heating tube; and has honeycomb-pores channels parallel to a main axis of the heating tube.

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disk-shaped elements have a diameter of about 11/2 inches.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the monoliths have a width and a length of about 11/2 inches.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

EXTRUDED BODY DEVICES INCLUDING SHEET MATERIAL HOLE MASKING

A method of making a fluidic device is provided. The method includes locating a meltable sheet material on a face of an extruded body including extended cells therein. At least some of the cells are interconnected by melting the sheet material such that the melted sheet material flows into the at least some of the cells to form a fluidic passage through the body defined within the at least some of the cells. The fluidic passageway may have a longitudinally serpentine path back and forth along the at least some of the cells. 1. A method of making a fluidic device , the method comprising:locating a meltable sheet material on a face of an extruded body including extended cells therein; andinterconnecting at least some of the cells by melting the sheet material such that the melted sheet material flows into the at least some of the cells to form a fluidic passage through the body defined within the at least some of the cells.2. The method of further comprising hardening the melted sheet material to form plugs within the at least some of the cells.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sheet material comprises glass.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the extruded body comprises ceramic.5. The method of further comprising matching the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sheet material and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the extruded body.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the face is a top face of the extruded body and the sheet material is a first sheet material claim 1 , the method further comprising:locating a meltable second sheet material on a bottom face of the extruded body; andinterconnecting the at least some of the cells by melting the second sheet material such that the sheet material flows into the at least some of the cells to form the fluidic passage through the body defined within the at least some of the cells.7. The method of further comprising applying a weight on the sheet material to force the melted sheet material into the at least some of ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from a process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements within the process unit is at least six inches.56. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements ...

Preparation of composition comprising gas microbubbles

A process for preparing a composition comprising encapsulated gas microbubbles, the process comprising: providing an aqueous protein solution of a heat-denaturable protein at a temperature necessary to achieve incipient denaturation; heating a gas by using heat from the heated protein solution; mixing the heated gas and the heated protein solution to obtain a gas/liquid mixture; and dispersing the gas into the protein solution by subjecting the gas/liquid mixture to mechanical shear forces to form a composition of gas microbubbles encapsulated by denatured protein. 1. A process for preparing a composition comprising encapsulated gas microbubbles , the process comprising:i) providing an aqueous protein solution of a heat-denaturable protein at a temperature necessary to achieve incipient denaturation;ii) heating a gas by using heat from the heated protein solution;iii) mixing the heated gas and the heated protein solution to obtain a gas/liquid mixture; andiv) dispersing the gas into the protein solution by subjecting the gas/liquid mixture to mechanical shear forces to form a composition of gas microbubbles encapsulated by denatured protein.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution of the heat-denaturable protein is heated to a temperature of 50-100° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas is heated to a temperature close to the temperature of the heated protein.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas and the protein solution are premixed right before dispersing the gas in to the protein.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein solution is provided under a steady feeding pressure.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the microbubbles have a particle size with a standard deviation less than 20% of the mean particle size.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein is human serum albumin.8. A feeding pipe useful in the preparation of a composition comprising encapsulated ...

A CATALYZING REACTOR, A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CATALYZING REACTOR AND A USE OF CATALYZING REACTOR

A catalyzing reactor comprising a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit. The reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor. The channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path, in which channel in use, a catalyzed exothermic reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path. The at least one channel is looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof. 1. A catalyzing reactor comprising a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit , the reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor , the channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path , in which channel in use , a catalyzed reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path , the at least one channel being looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance , so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof.2. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream portion of the flow path shares a common thin wall with its more upstream portion.3. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream portion of the ...

Processes and Systems for the Conversion of Acyclic Hydrocarbons to Cyclopentadiene

This invention relates to processes and systems for converting acyclic hydrocarbons to alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics, for example converting acyclic Chydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system. The process includes heating an electrically-conductive reaction zone by applying an electrical current to the first electrically-conductive reaction zone; and contacting a feedstock comprising acyclic hydrocarbons with a catalyst material in the electrically-conductive reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbons to an effluent comprising alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons, and/or aromatics.

REACTOR

A reactor includes a reaction unit, a first pipe, a second pipe, a composition analysis unit connected to the first pipe, a regulating unit connected to the second pipe so as to regulate a flow rate or the like of a second fluid, a control unit causing the regulating unit to regulate the flow rate or the like of the second fluid in accordance with a composition of a product analyzed by the composition analysis unit so that a temperature of a third fluid is controlled to lead the composition of the product to keep a predetermined reaction rate or yield, and a first temperature measurement unit connected to the first pipe so as to measure the temperature of the third fluid. The control unit acquires the information on the temperature of the third fluid from the first temperature measurement unit. 1. A reactor utilizing heat exchange between a first fluid as a reaction fluid and a second fluid , the reactor comprising:a reaction unit including a first flow channel through which the first fluid flows and a second flow channel through which the second fluid flows;a first pipe communicating with the first flow channel so as to allow a third fluid containing a product produced in the reaction unit to flow through;a second pipe through which the second fluid is supplied to the second flow channel;a composition analysis unit connected to the first pipe so as to analyze a composition of the product;a regulating unit connected to the second pipe so as to regulate a flow rate and/or a temperature of the second fluid;a control unit causing the regulating unit to regulate the flow rate and/or the temperature of the second fluid in accordance with the composition of the product analyzed by the composition analysis unit so that a temperature of the third fluid is controlled to lead the composition of the product to keep a predetermined reaction rate or yield; anda first temperature measurement unit connected to the first pipe so as to measure the temperature of the third fluid, ...

COMPACT AND MAINTAINABLE WASTE REFORMATION APPARATUS

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning. 1. A method for converting synthesis gas into Fischer-Tropsch products , comprising:providing a reactor vessel having top and bottom ends and a length therebetween with a plurality of tubular heat exchanging assemblies placed in the interior of the vessel, each heat exchanging assembly having top and bottom ends and a length therebetween, the vessel and the heat exchanging assemblies being parallel to each other;flowing synthesis gas into the bottom end of the vessel;catalytically converting the flowing synthesis gas into Fischer-Tropsch products and heat;removing the heat by flowing a heat transfer media into the top end of each tubular heat exchanging assembly and toward the bottom end; andremoving the gaseous Fischer-Tropsch products from the top end of the vessel.2. The method of which further comprises flowing the heat transfer media from the bottom end of each tubular heat exchanging assembly toward the top end in a second internal flowpath within each tubular heat exchanging assembly.3. The method of which further comprises cooling the removed gaseous FT products by heating the media claim 1 , and using the heated media during said flowing a heat transfer media.4. The method of which further comprises adding heat to the heated media before said flowing a heat transfer media.5. The ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR QUANTUM DOTS LIGAND EXCHANGE

This disclosure provides a method for quantum dots ligand exchanges and an apparatus of the same. The method includes providing a first ligand modified quantum dot, a second ligand and a first polymer. The method includes mixing the first ligand modified quantum dot, the second ligand and the first polymer in a solvent to perform the first ligand exchange, so as to obtain a second modified quantum dot. The first polymer contains a first functional group, which can have a first reaction with the first ligand, but do not react with the second ligand under the same conditions. 1. A method for quantum dots ligand exchange , comprising:providing a first quantum dot modified by a first ligand, a second ligand and a first polymer;mixing the first modified quantum dot, the second ligand and the first polymer in a solvent to perform the a ligand exchange to obtain a second modified quantum dot;wherein the first polymer contains a first functional group to have a first reaction with the first ligand, but not to react with the second ligand under a condition identical to the first ligand exchange.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first ligand exchange includes a plurality of stages claim 1 , the first polymer in each of the plurality of stages comprises a different number of the first functional groups claim 1 , the method further comprises: collecting solutions containing the second modified quantum dot from a different stage of the first ligand exchange to obtain the solutions containing the second modified quantum dot with different ligand exchange degrees.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after mixing the first modified quantum dot claim 1 , the second ligand and the first polymer in the solvent to perform the first ligand exchange and obtaining the second modified quantum dot claim 1 , the method further comprises:providing a third ligand and a second polymer;mixing the solution containing the second modified quantum dot, the third ligand and the ...

Process for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins

The present invention relates to a process for converting oxygenates to olefins, comprising (1) providing a gas stream comprising one or more ethers; (2) contacting the gas stream provided in (1) with a catalyst, the catalyst comprising a support substrate and a layer applied to the substrate, the layer comprising one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

INTERNAL RECYCLE REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC INERTING

An internal recycle reactor for catalytic inerting has a monolithic body having a motive fluid duct, a suction chamber, a mixing region, a reactor section, an outlet, and a recycle passage. The suction chamber includes a suction chamber inlet. The mixing region is configured to receive gaseous fluids from the motive fluid duct and the suction chamber inlet to produce a gaseous mixture. The reactor section includes a catalyst and is configured to receive the gaseous mixture from the mixing region. The outlet is configured to deliver an exhaust gas from the reactor section and the recycle passage is configured to deliver a portion of the exhaust gas to the suction chamber inlet. 1. An internal recycle reactor for catalytic inerting that is a monolithic body comprising:a motive fluid duct having a motive fluid outlet;a suction chamber comprising a suction chamber inlet;a reactant fluid inlet;a mixing region configured to receive separate gaseous fluids from the motive fluid outlet, the suction chamber inlet, and the reactant fluid inlet to produce a gaseous mixture;a reactor section comprising a catalyst, wherein the reactor section is configured to receive the gaseous mixture from the mixing region;an outlet configured to deliver an exhaust gas from the reactor section; anda recycle passage fluidly connecting the outlet to the suction chamber and configured to deliver a portion of the exhaust gas to the suction chamber though the suction chamber inlet.2. The internal recycle reactor of claim 1 , wherein the motive fluid duct comprises a converging nozzle configured to direct a reactant gas to the reactor section.3. The internal recycle reactor of claim 2 , wherein the suction chamber inlet is disposed perpendicular to an outlet orifice of the nozzle.4. The internal recycle reactor of claim 3 , wherein the motive fluid duct is configured to deliver a bleed air and the reactant fluid inlet is configured to deliver a fuel.5. The internal recycle reactor of claim 3 , ...

REACTOR, REACTION METHOD, AND REACTION PRODUCT

A reactor and a reaction method are provided with which temperature changes due to a large amount of reaction heat generated immediately after confluence of raw material fluids can be suppressed. A reactor () includes reaction passages () and temperature control passages (). Each reaction passage () includes first and second supply passage parts (), a confluence part (), and a reaction passage part () connected in this order from upstream to downstream. Each temperature control passage () includes: first temperature control passage parts () extending at least along a particular range of the corresponding reaction passage part (); and a second temperature control passage part () connected thereto, which is fewer in number than the first temperature control passage parts (). Each second temperature control passage part () has a cross section area larger than that of each first temperature control passage part (). 1. A reactor comprising:a reaction passage that is a fine flow passage that allows a plurality of different raw material fluids to react with each other while the raw material fluids are being circulated therethrough; anda temperature control passage that is a fine flow passage that allows a temperature control fluid to be circulated therethrough, the temperature control fluid being used for controlling temperature of the raw material fluids flowing through the reaction passage,wherein the reaction passage includes: a plurality of supply passage parts to which the plurality of the different raw material fluids are introduced, respectively; a confluence part that is connected to downstream-side ends of the plurality of the supply passage parts and allows the plurality of the raw material fluids inflowing from the plurality of the supply passage parts to join; and a reaction passage part that is connected to a downstream side of the confluence part and allows the plurality of the raw material fluids inflowing from the confluence part to react with each other ...

MIXING DEVICE FOR A FUEL REFORMER FOR CONVERTING HYDROCARBON FUELS INTO HYDROGEN RICH GAS

A mixing device for a fuel reformer for mixing at least two fluids is provided. The mixing device includes at least a first plurality of holes which is arranged along a first row, and a second plurality of holes which is arranged along a second row. The mixing device can be used in a fuel reformer for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas by auto-thermal reaction process having a, preferably cylindrically shaped and double walled, housing with two side walls forming a reaction chamber of the fuel reformer, wherein hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizing agent are mixed by the mixing device. 111.-. (canceled)12. Fuel reformer for converting hydrocarbon fuels into a hydrogen rich gas for fuel cells and/or exhaust treatment applications , having a housing with two side walls forming a reaction chamber of the fuel reformer in which hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizing agent are mixed for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas , wherein the fuel reformer further comprises a fuel injection element for providing hydrocarbon fuel into the reaction chamber , and an oxidizing agent inlet for providing oxidizing agent into the reaction chamber , wherein downstream of the oxidizing agent inlet , a mixing device is arranged for mixing hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizing agent , wherein the mixing device comprises a receiving opening which is adapted to accommodate the fuel injection element , and comprises for introducing oxidizing agent at least a first plurality of holes which is arranged along a first row , and a second plurality of holes which is arranged along a second row , wherein the diameters of the first plurality of holes are smaller than the diameters of the second plurality of holes.13. Fuel reformer according to claim 12 , wherein the mixing device is arranged substantially parallel to the side walls and has substantially the same shape as a cross section of the fuel reformer claim 12 , wherein the fuel reformer is cylindrically shaped having a ...

Process

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THE SAME

Hydrogen production systems and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a hydrogen production system comprises a reformer reactor that comprises a reformer reactor wall. A plurality of reformer tubes are interconnected to define a reformer lattice that has a reformer inner flow path and a reformer outer flow path. The plurality of reformer tubes are within the reformer reactor and connected to the reformer reactor wall at a plurality of discrete locations. The reformer lattice defines a combustor side that is one of the reformer inner or outer flow paths, and a reformer side that is the other of the reformer inner or outer flow paths. A reformer catalyst is positioned within the reformer side. 1. A hydrogen production system comprising:a reformer reactor comprising a reformer reactor wall;a plurality of reformer tubes that are interconnected to define a reformer lattice with a reformer inner flow path and a reformer outer flow path, wherein the plurality of reformer tubes are within the reformer reactor, wherein the plurality of reformer tubes are connected to the reformer reactor wall at a plurality of discrete locations, wherein the reformer lattice defines a combustor side that is one of the reformer inner flow path or the reformer outer flow path, and wherein the reformer lattice defines a reformer side that is the other of the reformer inner flow path or the reformer outer flow path; anda reformer catalyst positioned within the reformer side.2. The hydrogen production system of further comprising:a plurality of reformer hubs positioned within the reformer reactor, wherein each of the plurality of reformer hubs are directly connected to at least three of the plurality of reformer tubes.3. The hydrogen production system of wherein each one of the plurality of reformer tubes directly connected to one of the plurality of reformer hubs is about 110 degrees from every other of the plurality of reformer tubes directly connected to said ...

MODULAR CATALYST MONOLITHS

The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F) with shaped bodies (F) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner with side face to side face and with their longitudinal axis aligned in vertical direction, virtually completely covering the cross section of the tray, to form modules (M), and the modules (M), optionally with cooperation of a joint filler material, with vertical alignment of the longitudinal axis of the shaped bodies (F), are joined to one another virtually seamlessly in a mosaic-like manner such 17.-. (canceled)8112111. A reactor R with apparatus D , the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B , in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) , wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B , and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F) in the form of straight prisms , the footprint of which is ...

CATALYTIC REACTOR

In a catalytic reactor including catalyst carriers inserted into a plurality of channels defined by corrugated fins, the corrugated fins include a first corrugated fin, and a second corrugated fin arranged to adjoin the first corrugated fin. When viewed from the first corrugated fin toward the second corrugated fin along the channels, at least a portion of side walls of the second corrugated fin is located between two adjacent ones of side walls of the first corrugated fin at adjoining end faces of the first and second corrugated fins. 1. A catalytic reactor comprising:corrugated fins which are arranged in a passage where a fluid flows and in each of which side walls, partitioning the passage into a plurality of channels, are arranged at a predetermined pitch in an alignment direction orthogonal to a flow direction of the fluid; andcatalyst carriers inserted into the plurality of channels defined by the corrugated fins and configured to extend in the flow direction of the fluid, whereinthe corrugated fins include a first corrugated fin defining a predetermined catalyst insertion region into which the catalyst carriers are inserted and arranged, and a second corrugated fin arranged to adjoin the first corrugated fin and defining a catalyst non-insertion region adjacent to the catalyst insertion region, andwhen viewed from the first corrugated fin toward the second corrugated fin along the channels, at least a portion of the side walls of the second corrugated fin is located between two adjacent ones of the side walls of the first corrugated fin at adjoining end faces of the first and second corrugated fins.2. The catalytic reactor of claim 1 , whereinthe second corrugated fin is configured to have a smaller pitch than the side walls of the first corrugated fin, andthe side walls of the second corrugated fin are misaligned with the side walls of the first corrugated fin in the alignment direction at the adjoining end faces of the first and second corrugated fins.3. ...

STRUCTURAL CATALYST WITH INTERNAL HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM FOR EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A reactor for efficient control of endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions, including, for example, Fischer Tropsch reactions. Also disclosed are methods of delivering coolant materials and gasification source materials to the reactor. 1. A reactor having a longitudinal axis , the reactor comprising:a housing having an outer wall, the outer wall defining at least one gas inlet and at least one coolant inlet;a frame positioned within the housing, the frame comprising a plurality of interior surfaces and a plurality of exterior surfaces, wherein the plurality of interior surfaces cooperate to define a plurality of interconnected coolant channels within the frame, wherein the plurality of exterior surfaces define a plurality of isolated conduits, each conduit of the plurality of isolated conduits having a respective longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor, wherein at least a portion of the at least one exterior surface that defines each respective conduit is coated with at least one catalyst material to position the at least one catalyst material within the conduit,wherein the plurality of interconnected coolant channels are positioned in fluid communication with the at least one coolant inlet, andwherein the plurality of conduits are positioned in fluid communication with the at least one gas inlet.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of interconnected coolant channels of the frame comprise a first plurality of coolant channels and a second plurality of coolant channels claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of coolant channels are oriented substantially perpendicularly to the first plurality of coolant channels to thereby create a grid of coolant channels.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits have a substantially square cross-sectional shape.5. The reactor of ...

Multi-Structured Reactor Made of Monolithic Adjacent Thermoconductive Bodies for Chemical Processes with a High Heat Exchange

A multi-structured tubular element for producing a reactor for effecting exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions, comprises two or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies, assembled together so that each has a part of the side surface interfaced with the side surface of one or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies adjacent thereto, so as to form as a whole, a honeycomb structure containing a plurality of longitudinal channels extending from one end to the other of said tubular element, suitable for being filled with a granular catalytic solid.

FLOW-THROUGH REACTION CONTAINMENT APPARATUS EMBODIED AS A MONOLITHIC BLOCK OF MATERIAL

This monolithic reactor is an adaptable and scalable, flow-through reaction containment apparatus embodied as a one-piece monolithic block of material that retains re-configurability to improve reaction processing. This apparatus increases operational flexibility, adaptable design, and vastly simplifies construction of tubular reaction-containment configurations. Internally, the monolithic block comprises one or more closely spaced, functional voids which operate as fluid channels that can be configured in various geometric arrangements. The apparatus is widely scalable, provides high thermodynamic efficiency, manufacturing simplicity, and affordability for varied operations through additive manufacturing, and has a compact physical footprint. 1. A reaction containment and control apparatus comprising:a. a one-piece, monolithic block of material fabricated as a single piece;b. two or more internal functional voids which act as fluid channels;c. separate inlet and outlet ports for each internal functional void allowing continuous, unobstructed fluid flow; andd. an internal configuration such that the internal functional voids adjoin one another in a collinear, parallel manner in order to maximize efficiency and minimize the size of the apparatus.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a rating of operational pressures up to 10 claim 1 ,000 psi and operational temperatures up to 1300 C claim 1 , depending upon the material of construction.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a monolithic block that is porous claim 1 , non-porous claim 1 , or composed of a mixture of porosities.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a monolithic block that is configurable claim 1 , operable claim 1 , and replicable in one or more of a variety of materials including metal claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , sapphire claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , or similar constituents claim 1 ,5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further optionally comprising auxiliary ...

Preparation of 18F-FLUCICLOVINE

The present invention provides a method for the production of [F]-FACBC which has advantages over know such methods. Also provided by the present invention is a system to carry out the method of the invention and a cassette suitable for carrying out the method of the invention on an automated radiosynthesis apparatus. 3) system as defined in wherein PGis ethyl.4) system as defined in wherein PGis t-butoxycarbonyl.5) system as defined in wherein said solid phase is a tC18 solid phase extraction (SPE) column.6) system as defined in wherein said PGdeprotecting agent is NaOH.7) system as defined in wherein said PGdeprotecting agent is HCl.8) system as defined in wherein said elution solution is water.11) The system as defined in wherein LG is trifluoromethanesulfonate.12) The system as defined in further comprising a hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) solid phase to purify said 1-amino-3-[18F]-fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid.13) The system as defined in further comprising a second purification means comprising an alumina solid phase.14) A cassette comprising the system as defined in for use on an automated synthesis apparatus.15) A cassette comprising the system as defined in for use on an automated synthesis apparatus.16) A cassette comprising the system as defined in for use on an automated synthesis apparatus.17) The system as defined in wherein said system is suitable for use with an automated radiosynthesis apparatus. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/420,493, filed Feb. 9, 2015, which is a filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of international application number PCT/EP2013/066570, filed Aug. 7, 2013, which claims priority to application number 1214220.4 file Aug. 9, 2012 in Great Britain, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a radiopharmaceutical compound, in particular an amino acid derivative useful as a positron emission tomography (PET) ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A process unit assembly comprising a process unit having a plurality of reticulated elements disposed therewithin , the reticulated elements having a plurality of web members formed therein that define a plurality of flow passageways through the reticulated elements and a size such that there is a significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements in the process unit , the reticulated elements being capable of receiving a contaminated process stream on a surface thereof and enhancing filtration of contaminants from the contaminated process stream to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream when the contaminated process stream passes through the flow passageways and the significant and varied void space , wherein the process unit contains a bed of catalyst material , and wherein the pressure drop within the process vessel remains low for a predictable period of time based on the level of contaminants in the process stream and the amount of the reticulated elements provided in the process unit , and wherein the reticulated elements in the process unit are provided in an amount such that during operations , the bed of catalyst material can be exhausted before the ...

Process and reactor for formation and for catalytic conversion of a reactant mixture

A process for forming and for catalytically converting an ignitable gas mixture is proposed, in which at least a first gas or gas mixture comprising oxygen and a second gas or gas mixture comprising one or more oxidizable compounds are mixed to give the ignitable gas mixture, where the ignitable gas mixture is supplied to a reaction zone (12) of a reactor (1). The first gas or gas mixture and the second gas or gas mixture are fed into a mixing chamber (11) having a boundary wall (13) provided with a number of passages (131), where the first gas or gas mixture is fed into the mixing chamber (11) through the passages (131) in the boundary wall (13) and where the second gas or gas mixture is fed into the mixing chamber (11) by means of one or more feed conduits (14) which have feed orifices (141) and extend into the mixing chamber (11). The present invention likewise provides a corresponding reactor (1).

Reverse flow reactors with selective flue gas management

Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of groups of reverse flow reactors by operating reactors in a regeneration portion of the reaction cycle to have improved flue gas management. The flue gas from reactor(s) at a later portion of the regeneration step can be selectively used for recycle back to the reactors as a diluent/heat transport fluid. The flue gas from a reactor earlier in a regeneration step can be preferentially used as the gas vented from the system to maintain the desired volume of gas within the system. This results in preferential use of higher temperature flue gas for recycle and lower temperature flue gas for venting from the system. This improved use of flue gas within a reaction system including reverse flow reactors can allow for improved reaction performance while reducing or minimizing heat losses during the regeneration portion of the reaction cycle.

Fluid flow-passage device

Provided is a fluid flow-passage device in which the flow passage length of each of a plurality of fluid flow-passages can be increased even if the plurality of fluid flow-passages are formed so as to extend in parallel to each other, and in which the inside of each of the plurality of fluid flow-passages can be easily cleaned. In the fluid flow-passage device, a plurality of fluid flow-passages which extend in parallel to each other and through which a fluid is made to flow are disposed. The fluid flow-passage device comprises: a body having a plurality of substrates that are laminated in a prescribed lamination direction; and a plurality of lids, each of which can be attached to and detached from the body. Each of the plurality of fluid flow-passages includes: a first fluid flow-passage that is disposed between two substrates among the plurality of substrates, the two substrates being in contact with each other in the lamination direction; and a second fluid flow-passage that is disposed between two substrates among the plurality of substrates, the two substrates being in contact with each other in the lamination direction and being disposed at a different position in the lamination direction from the first fluid flow-passage, and that is positioned more toward the downstream side than the first fluid flow-passage in the direction in which the fluid flows.

Modular Additive Manufactured Reactor System

The present invention relates to a modular reactor system for carrying out processes comprising mixing, chemical reactions, heat exchange and/or separations, the reactor system comprising of at least one additive manufactured module, the module each performing at least one process unit operation, and optionally, an external housing. 1. A modular reactor system for carrying out processes on an industrial scale comprising mixing , chemical reactions , heat exchange and/or separations of chemical reactants and/or (by)products , the reactor system comprising of at least one additive manufactured module , the module being configured for performing at least one process , and optionally , an external housing.2. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the industrial scale process has an entrant fluid minimum flow rate of at least 5 liters per hour.3. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the module comprises a reaction space having a mean major diameter of at least 5 cm claim 1 , and a mean major height of at least 10 cm.4. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises at least two consecutive modules.5. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the module or modules are at least in part composed of ceramic material.6. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the process activity comprises at least two of mixing claim 1 , adsorption and/or desorption claim 1 , optionally catalyzed and/or uncatalyzed chemical reactions claim 1 , heat exchange claim 1 , and/or product separation.7. The reactor system according to claim 1 , comprising at least two different modules for performing at least two different processes claim 1 , preferably a combination of mixing and chemical reactions claim 1 , a combination of a chemical reaction and heat exchange; a combination of a chemical reaction and a separation claim 1 , or combinations/mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein at least one module is configured to ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream,wherein the reticulated elements are randomly packed in one or more layers extending along the interior of the process unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more layers span the extent of the process unit.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reticulated elements have a pore size in the range of about 2.5 millimeters to about 100 microns and are capable of filtering contaminants from the contaminated process stream down to about 1 ...

INTEGRATION OF EX SITU FABRICATED POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS INTO FLUIDIC CHIPS

Bare porous polymer monoliths, fluidic chips, methods of incorporating bare porous polymer monoliths into fluidic chips, and methods for functionalizing bare porous polymer monoliths are described. Bare porous polymer monoliths may be fabricated ex situ in a mold. The bare porous polymer monoliths may also be functionalized ex situ. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include inserting the monoliths into channels of channel substrates of the fluidic chips. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include bonding a capping layer to the channel substrate. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be mechanically anchored to channel walls and to the capping layer. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be functionalized by ex situ immobilization of capture probes on the monoliths. The monoliths may be functionalized by direct attachment of chitosan. 1. A method of incorporating one or more porous polymer monoliths into a fluidic chip , the method comprising:inserting one or more bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into one or more channels of a channel substrate of the fluidic chip.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fabricating the one or more bare porous polymer monoliths.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein fabricating the one or more bare porous polymer monoliths comprises fabricating one or more porous polymer monoliths in a mold.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein fabricating the one or more monoliths in the mold comprises:adding a pre-monolith solution to one or more channels of a molding substrate;photopolymerizing the pre-monolith solution; andremoving the polymerized solution from the one or more channels of the molding substrate.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising chemically functionalizing one or more porous polymer monoliths claim 1 , wherein the one or more inserted monoliths comprise the one or more functionalized porous polymer monoliths.6. The ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method and assembly for utilizing open-cell cellular solid material in a component separation unit to separate one or more process streams into component process streams having desired compositions. A method and assembly for using said open-cell cellular solid material to separate process streams into desired component process streams in a component separation unit, wherein the open-cell cellular solid material can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, ceramics, metals, polymers, and chemical vapor deposition materials. 1. A process unit assembly comprising:a vessel having at least one bed with a plurality of stochastic three-dimensional cellular solid materials packed therein, the cellular solid materials having:a catalyst coating applied thereon that is capable of reacting with one or more contaminants in a process stream introduced into the bed;a pore size in the range of about 100 microns to about 6,000 microns; anda contact surface with a surface area upon which two or more phases from the process stream can be contacted to facilitate mass transfer between the two or more phases,wherein the phases comprise a liquid phase, a vapor phase or combinations thereof.2. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mass transfer between the phases facilitates contaminants removal from the process streams within the vessel.3. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cellular solid materials are randomly packed within the vessel.4. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the contaminants comprise polymer precursors.5. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the contaminants comprise salts.6. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst coating comprises an alumina material.7. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst coating comprises a Group VI-B or Group VIII metal.8. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the vessel further contains catalyst.9. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein ...