ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕДНЫХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ НОСИТЕЛЯХ ДЛЯ РИФОРМИНГА СПИРТОВ

Изобретение относится к дегидрированию или риформингу спиртов, в частности к способу дегидрирования первичного спирта, такого как метанол или этанол, для получения водорода, в частности для использования в топливном элементе с целью получения электрической энергии. В способе дегидрирования используют медьсодержащий катализатор, включающий в себя металлический носитель, при этом такой катализатор обладает повышенной активностью в газофазном риформинге первичных спиртов, также являются более устойчивыми и особенно активными для термического разложения этанола на водород, метан, монооксид углерода и диоксид углерода при умеренной температуре. Для решения поставленной задачи способ включает приведение в контакт исходной сырьевой смеси газов, содержащей спирт, с катализатором риформинга, чтобы получить смесь продуктов риформинга, содержащую водород, причем катализатор риформинга содержит металлический губчатый носитель и покрытие на меди, по меньшей мере, частично покрывающее поверхность данного ...

ПРОВОЛОЧНЫЕ ПРОСТАВКИ ДЛЯ НАРАЩИВАЕМЫХ СТРУКТУРНЫХ РЕАКТОРОВ

... 1. Реактор, содержащий:а) внешнюю трубу;b) один или более компонентов реактора, при этом один или более компонентов реактора имеют внешнюю окружную поверхность, и один или более компонентов реактора установлены во внешней трубе;с) проволочную проставку, участок которой установлен между внешней трубой и одним или более компонентами реактора для предотвращения соприкосновения одного или более компонентов реактора с внешней трубой.2. Реактор по п. 1, в котором проволочная проставка имеет диаметр в диапазоне от 0,25 до 10 мм.3. Реактор по п. 1 или 2, в котором внешняя окружная поверхность одного или более компонентов реактора расположена на расстоянии, по меньшей мере, от 0,25 до 10 мм от внешней трубы.4. Реактор по п. 1 или 2, в котором проволочная проставка прикреплена к, по меньшей мере, одному из одного или более компонентов реактора.5. Реактор по п. 1 или 2, в котором проволочная проставка имеет концевую часть, имеющую прямолинейный участок, при этом концевая часть проходит внутрь в, по ...

НАНЕСЕНИЕ ПОКРЫТИЙ НА ПОДЛОЖКИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ В СГРУППИРОВАННОМ ВИДЕ

... 1. Способ полного или частичного нанесения покрытия на цилиндрические носители из суспензии для нанесения покрытия, каждый из каковых носителей имеет продольную ось, две торцевые поверхности, боковую поверхность, осевую длину L и множество проходящих от первой его торцевой поверхности до второй его торцевой поверхности каналов, путем нанесения покрытия на носители из суспензии для нанесения покрытия в требуемом количестве, для чего носители располагают в положении, в котором их продольная ось ориентирована вертикально, и через по меньшей мере одну из торцевых поверхностей носителей в их каналы вводят суспензию для нанесения покрытия, отличающийся тем, что в устройстве для нанесения покрытия одновременно располагают несколько носителей, в каналы всех носителей одновременно вводят суспензию для нанесения покрытия и затем носители одновременно удаляют из устройства для нанесения покрытия.2. Способ по п.1, при осуществлении которого носители со стороны по меньшей мере одной из их торцевых поверхностей ...

РЕАКТОРЫ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Реактор, содержащий:внешний резервуар, имеющий внутреннюю поверхность, напротив которой может находиться обрабатываемая текучая среда;внутренний резервуар, находящийся внутри внешнего резервуара и имеющий внешнюю поверхность, служащую в качестве поверхности теплообмена для обрабатываемой текучей среды; икольцевое пространство, заданное между внешним резервуаром и внутренним резервуаром, для обеспечения прохода, вдоль которого может подаваться обрабатываемая текучая среда, где данное кольцевое пространство разработано так, чтобы поддерживать разность температур между внешним резервуаром и внутренним резервуаром, придавая обрабатываемой текучей среде относительно высокие скорости переноса.2. Реактор по п.1, где внутренняя поверхность внешнего резервуара разработана так, чтобы позволять обрабатываемой текучей среде опускаться в, по существу, равномерную тонкую пленку.3. Реактор по п.2, где данная, по существу, равномерная тонкая пленка позволяет обрабатываемой текучей среде хорошо подходить ...

СТОЙКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ФРИТТЫ И СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ЕЕ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ

... 1. Стойкое к кристаллизации, содержащее цирконий и оксид алюминия силикатное стекло, предназначенное для использования в качестве фритты с тугоплавкими материалами, такими как оксид алюминия, где стекло имеет следующий состав в молярных процентах, мол.%: ! 2 Подробнее

НАРАЩИВАЕМЫЙ МОДУЛЬНЫЙ РЕАКТОР

... 1. Реактор, содержащий: ! монолитный элемент, имеющий множество ребер в окружном направлении, которые образуют проточные каналы для потока текучей среды через упомянутый реактор; ! при этом упомянутый монолитный элемент имеет внешнюю кольцевую поверхность с внешним диаметром и внутреннюю кольцевую поверхность с внутренним диаметром, которая образует центральную часть реактора; ! при этом упомянутый монолитный элемент имеет вырез по кольцевой поверхности, образующий открытый канал, направленный по участку упомянутой кольцевой поверхности; и ! внешнюю трубу, примыкающую к упомянутой внешней кольцевой поверхности упомянутого монолитного элемента. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, в котором упомянутый вырез располагается по упомянутой внешней кольцевой поверхности, образуя открытый канал, расположенный на участке упомянутой внешней кольцевой поверхности. ! 3. Реактор по п.1, в котором упомянутый вырез располагается по упомянутой внутренней кольцевой поверхности, образуя открытый канал, расположенный на ...

Wärmetauscheranordnung zur Übertragung von Reformatenergie an Dampf und Luft

Es ist eine Wärmetauscherkonstruktion zur optimalen Übertragung von Wärmeenergie zwischen einen Primärreaktor verlassendem Reformat und in den Primärreaktor eintretenden Dampf und Luft vorgesehen. Insbesondere umfasst eine Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung einen hauptflächengetreuen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauscher, der um den Primärreaktor herum positioniert ist.

Luftfahrzeug-Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verwendung desselben

Luftfahrzeug-Brennstoffzellensystem (12) mit:- einer Brennstoffzelle (13),- einer Brennstoffquelle (14),- einem Reaktor (1) zum Reformieren von Brennstoff aus der Brennstoffquelle (14) zu einem Wasserstoff enthaltenden Gas,- einer Zufuhreinheit (15) mit einem Brennstoffeingang (16), einem Oxidationsmitteleingang (17), einem Brennstoffausgang (18), einem Oxidationsmittelausgang (19) und einem Ozongenerator (20), der mit dem Oxidationsmitteleingang (17) und dem Oxidationsmittelausgang (19) verbunden ist, wobei die Zufuhreinheit (15) dazu eingerichtet ist,a) im Betrieb des Reaktors (1), einen Brennstoff über den Brennstoffausgang (18) und gleichzeitig ein erstes Oxidationsmittel über den Oxidationsmittelausgang (19) in den Reaktor (1) zu leiten, undb) in der Regenerationsphase des Reaktors (1), ein zweites Oxidationsmittel über den Oxidationsmittelausgang (19) in den Reaktor (1) zu leiten, und- einer Oxidationsmitteleinrichtung (21), die mit dem Oxidationsmitteleingang (17) der Zufuhreinheit ...

Vorrichtung zur Reformierung von Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Edukten

Reaktor zur Herstellung von Synthesegas

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zur Herstellung von Synthesegas, der gegebenenfalls fluiddicht mit einem Wärmetauscher verbunden ist, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas, bevorzugt unter Hochdruck.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON FLÜSSIGKEITEN

Reactor used for carrying out steam reforming of methanol has an active zone with a first temperature zone for introducing the heat of reaction separate from a first reaction zone for carrying out the reaction

Reactor comprises reaction chambers (R1, R2, ...Rn) for converting educts (E); and temperature regions (H1, H2, ....Hn) for introducing or removing the heat of reaction to or from the educts. An active zone is arranged along an educt flow path (S) between an inlet (1.1) and an outlet (1.2) of the reactor. The active zone has a first temperature zone (H1) for introducing the heat of reaction separate from a first reaction zone for carrying out the reaction. Preferred Features: Further temperature zones and reaction zones follow in the active zone along the educt flow path to the first temperature zone and the first reaction zone. The temperature zones directly heat the educt stream by catalytic combustion.

Systems and methods for carbon monoxide clean-up

Integrated Fuel Processor For Distributed Hydrogen Production

A fuel processing system is provided wherein heat is transferred from a reformate flow (32) downstream from a water-gas shift (38) to both a) a combustor feed flow (40) that is supplied to a combustor (25); and b) a water flow (26) that is supplied to a reformer feed mix (34) for a steam reformer (28).

Integrated fuel processor for distributed hydrogen production

An integrated steam reformer/combustor assembly (42) is provided for use in a fuel processor (20) that supplies a steam/fuel feed mix (34) to be reformed in the assembly and a combustor feed (40) to be combusted in the assembly (42). The assembly (42) includes a housing (44,58) defining first and second axially extending, concentric annular passages in heat transfer relation to each other; a first convoluted fin (46) located in the first passage to direct the feed mix therethrough, the first convoluted fin coated with a catalyst that induces a desired reaction in the feed mix; and a second convoluted fin (50) located in the second passage to direct the combustor feed therethrough, the second convoluted fin coated with a catalyst that induces a desired reaction in the combustor feed.

Apparatus

Process

Fischer-tropsch process in a radial reactor

Monolithic reactor

Process for the synthesis of methanol

Reactor for exothermic or endothermic catalyst reactions.

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF METHANOL

REACTOR FOR EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC CATALYTIC REACTIONS

FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS IN A RADIAL REACTOR

MONOLITHIC REACTOR

Process for the synthesis of methanol

Monolithic reactor

Continuous processing reactors and methods of using same.

Reactor for exothermic or endothermic catalyst reactions.

Fischer-tropsch process in a radial reactor

Reactor for exothermic or endothermic catalyst reactions.

Fischer-tropsch process in a radial reactor

Monolithic reactor

Process for the synthesis of methanol

Continuous processing reactors and methods of using same.

REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS BY PHOTO CATALYSTS, WHICH ARE COUPLED WITH PHOSPHORESCING SOLIDS

PROCEDURE FOR CONTACTING A HYDROCARBON AND AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS WITH A CATALYST BED

TWO-STAGE PROX SYSTEM WITH ONLY ONE AIR INJECTION

COMPACT FUEL PROCESSING CONVERTING TO THE PRODUCTION OF A HYDROGEN-RICH GAS

STACKABLE MOLDED ARTICLE AS WELL AS ITS USE

ARTICLE FOR REMOVING FROM CARBON MONOXIDE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A REFORMERS FOR GAS CELLS

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY OF MEANS TEMPERATURE CHANGE REFORMATION AND FIXED OXIDE GAS CELL

REACTOR FOR THE CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF GASEOUS FLUIDS

PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF AN IGNITION CATALYST FOR THE BURN OF NATURAL GAS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

CHEMICAL PROCEDURE

A NEW CATALYTIC DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTION IN A GASEOUS MEDIUM

RE-TOOLING REACTOR WITH GAS LIQUID EJECTOR AND MONOLITH CATALYST

CIRCULATING RENEWABLE ONES OXIDATION DEVICE

Heat transfer optimization in multishell reformer

Multi-structured reactor made of monolithic adjacent thermoconductive bodies for chemical processes with a high heat exchange

A multi-structured tubular element for producing a reactor for effecting exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions, comprises two or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies, assembled together so that each has a part of the side surface interfaced with the side surface of one or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies adjacent thereto, so as to form as a whole, a honeycomb structure containing a plurality of longitudinal channels extending from one end to the other of said tubular element, suitable for being filled with a granular catalytic solid.

Background of the invention

Spiral cut honeycomb body for fluid mixing

Fuel processor for producing a hydrogen rich gas

Reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor

Catalytic distillation process

Method for carrying out a chemical reaction

Process for the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide

CHEMICAL PROCESS

The invention is directed to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a reactor, comprising passing a reaction mixture in liquid phase through at least one structured reactor element present in said reactor, the internal surface of said reactor element that comes into contact with the reaction mixture being catalytically active, the improvement comprising passing said reaction mixture through the said at least one reactor element, said reaction mixture comprising at least one liquid and at least one gas in liquid phase.

CERAMIC MEMBER WITH OXYGEN ION CONDUCTIVITY AND USE THEREOF

It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceramic member with excellent balance between oxygen ion conductivity and endurance (resistance to cracking and the like), an oxygen ion permeation module and a chemical reactor such as an oxygen separator, using such a ceramic member. The ceramic member with oxygen ion conductivity in accordance with the present invention has a perovskite- type crystal structure and a composition represented by the general formula (Ln1-x M x)(T1 1-y Fe y)O3 (where Ln represents at least one element selected from lanthanoids, and M represents at least one element selected from the group containing Sr, Ca, and Ba, 0 < x < 1, 0.4 .ltoreq. y < 1, x + y .gtoreq. 1). The oxygen ion permeation module composed by employing such a ceramic member can be used as a structural component of an oxygen separator, an oxidation reactor (for example, a reactor for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons), and the like.

PYROLYSIS REACTOR MATERIALS AND METHODS

In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 20600C and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10"15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention ...

THERMAL CONVERSION OF METHANE TO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé amélioré de conversion thermique du méthane en hydrocarbures de poids moléculaires plus élevés. Ce procédé est caractérisé par l'utilisation d'un système multicanaux réalisé en matière céramique, dans lequel les rangées de canaux sont alternativement parcourues par la charge et par les fluides caloporteurs ou réfrigérants, constituant un ensemble continu comportant une zone de pyrolyse suivie d'une zone de trempe.

PROCEDE, REACTEUR D'OXYDATION D'UNE CHARGE OXYDABLE EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET SON UTILISATION

L'invention décrit une nouvelle technique d'oxydation d'une charge oxydable en phase gazeuse. On met en contact selon le procédé, un mélange de gaz contenant au moins un gaz oxydant et une charge oxydable dans une zone de mise en contact et de mélange située entre au moins une première zone parcourue par la charge et au moins une seconde zone parcourue par les produits réactionnels d'oxydation ainsi obtenus, les première et seconde zones définissant une multiplicité d'espaces présentant des passages ayant, suivant au moins une direction, une dimension au plus égalé à la distance de coincement de la flamme pouvant résulter de l'oxydation de la charge, la zone de mise en contact comprenant une zone d'alimentation en mélange oxydant qui comporte une pluralité de conduits parallèles a parois poreuses et qui est située à une distance de la première zone et de la seconde zone au plus égale à la distance de coincement.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN FOR USE IN FUEL CELLS

The present invention provides a method and system for efficiently producing hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell (52). The method and system of the present invention produces hydrogen in a reforming reactor (12) using a hydrocarbon stream (21) and water vapor stream (25) as reactants. The hydrogen produced is purified in a hydrogen separating membrane (14) to form a retentate stream (42) and purified hydrogen stream (40). The purified hydrogen can then be fed to a fuel cell (52) where electrical energy is produced and a fuel cell exhaust stream (76) containing water vapor and oxygen-depleted air is emitted. In one embodiment of the present invention, a means and method are provided for recycling a portion of the retentate stream (42) to the reforming reactor (12) for increased hydrogen yields. In another embodiment, a combustor (94) is provided for combusting a second portion (48) of the retentate stream (42) to provide heat to the reforming reaction or other reactants. In a preferred ...

REACTOR SEALING METHODS

Novel means for sealing reactors used in reaction processes are disclosed. A catalyst impregnated carrier material is provided in the gap between the monolith catalyst and the refractory lining of the reactor. The catalytic carriers are the same catalyst materials or have substantially similar catalytic activity as the catalytic monolith. Additionally, the catalytic material is applied as a thin catalytic film deposited on the refractory lining. These methods provide not only pressure drop to minimize reactant flow along the inner wall of refractory lining, but also additional active reaction zone. This sealing method is suitable for any types of reactions on catalytic monoliths, particularly syngas production by partial oxidation of methane to reduce methane and oxygen leakages.

MONOLITHIC FUNCTIONALISABLE MATERIALS

La présente invention a pour objet un matériau monolithique polymère comprenant des copolymères alternés formés par réaction radicalaire entre l'anhydride maléique comme monomère de base et des comonomères éthyléniques à caractère donneurs d'électrons. L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation dudit matériau monolithique consistant en une réaction de polymérisation radicalaire d'une composition comprenant une composition de base comportant: de l'anhydride maléique comme monomère de base, associé à des comonomères éthyléniques à caractère donneur d'électrons et/ou à d'autres monomères éthyléniques à caractère donneur ou accepteur d'électrons ; un mélange de solvants porogènes, ladite composition de base étant éventuellement additionnée d'un amorceur thermique ou d'un photoamorceur.

HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMIZATION IN MULTISHELL REFORMER

A hydrocarbon fuel processing reactor for generating a hydrogen-enriched reformate from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A plurality of shells (36,46,56,66,76) are arranged coaxially having a gap defined between each of the successive shells, thereby forming a plurality of coaxial zones. The shells are configured to permit heat transfer from one zone to another. Fluid streams for reactions within the reactor are preheated by heat transfer from adjacent zones.

REFORMING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SYNGAS GENERATION

An apparatus and method for reforming a fuel include: first and second partial oxidation zones; and first and second catalytic zones containing first and second catalysts respectively. The first catalytic zone is in fluid communication with the first and second partial oxidation zones. The second catalytic zone is in fluid communication with the second partial oxidation zone. The first partial oxidation zone has at least one burner adapted to partially oxidate at least a portion of a first stage feed of the fuel with at least a portion of a first stream of an oxidant. The second partial oxidation zone has at least one other burner adapted to partially oxidate at least a portion of a second stage feed of the fuel or an other feed of an other fuel with at least a portion of a second stream of the oxidant or an other oxidant.

CYLINDRICAL STEAM REFORMING UNIT

A cylindrical steam reforming unit comprising a plurality of cylindrical bodies consisting of a first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body and a third cylindrical body of successively increasing diameters disposed in a concentric spaced relation, a radiation cylinder disposed within and concentrically with the first cylindrical body, a burner disposed in the radial central portion of the radiation cylinder, and a reforming catalyst layer with a reforming catalyst filled in a gap between the first and second cylindrical bodies, wherein a CO shift catalyst layer and a CO removal catalyst layer are disposed in a gap between the second and third cylindrical bodies, the CO shift catalyst layer being formed in a gap with the direction of flow reversed at one axial end of the reform ing catalyst layer and through a heat recovery layer of predetermined length. According to this reforming unit, without internally disposing a heat insulation layer, a cooling mechanism or the like, the reforming ...

FLUID PROCESSING APPARATUS

A fluid processing apparatus having a plurality of processing spaces (S) includes a plurality of containers (B) juxtaposed in a direction to each other and forming the processing spaces (S) respectively therein. Pressing means (H) is provided for pressing the containers (B) as juxtaposed from opposed sides thereof in the juxtaposing direction of the containers. Each container (B) includes a pair of container-forming members (41a) disposed in the juxtaposing direction and having peripheral portions thereof joined and welded to each other. At least one of the pair of container-forming members (41a) is in the form of a dish-like member having a peripheral portion used as a joining margin and a bulging central portion.

REACTOR AND CATALYST FOR CONVERTING NATURAL GAS TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Herein disclosed is a reactor comprising a housing; an inlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein the inlet tube section is within the reactor housing; an outlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein the outlet tube section is within the reactor housing; and at least one cylinder made of sintered metal contained within the reactor housing, wherein the sintered metal is catalytically active. In some cases, the sintered metal in the reactor comprises a porous metallic multifunctional (PMM) catalyst. Other reactor designs and the method of use are also described herein.

NON-ADIABATIC CATALYTIC REACTOR

A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid includes a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis. The reactor also includes a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube, and a plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube. The structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern. Each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst. At least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid.

STACKABLE STRUCTURAL REACTOR

A reactor including a monolith having a plurality of fins in an annular a rrangement for receiving fluid flow through the reactor. The monolith is dis posed within a generally cylindrical outer tube, and around a corrugated inn er tube. The reactor includes a device for urging the monolith radially outw ard, so as to maintain contact between the monolith and the outer tube.

HYDROCARBON CONVERSION PROCESS

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

PARALLEL PASSAGE FLUID CONTACTOR STRUCTURE

A parallel passage fluid contactor structure for chemical reaction processes has one or more segments, where each segment has a plurality of substantially parallel fluid flow passages oriented in an axial direction; cell walls between each adjacent fluid flow passages and each cell wall has at least two opposite cell wall surfaces. The structure also includes at least one active compound in the cell walls and multiple axially continuous conductive filaments either embedded within the cell walls or situated between the cell wall surfaces. The conductive filaments are at least one of thermally and electrically conductive, are oriented in axially, and are in direct contact with the active compound, and are operable to transfer thermal energy between the active material and the conductive filaments. Heating of the conductive filaments may be used to transfer heat to the active material in the cell walls. Methods of manufacturing the structure are discussed.

EXPANDING CENTERS FOR STACKABLE STRUCTURAL REACTORS

Described herein are expandable center arrangements for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, for enhancing heat transfer and reactor efficiency. The expandable center arrangement can include a cone being expandable in the radial direction and an expansion weight for promoting expansion of the cone. The cone and expansion weight can be slidably arranged on a center support. Expansion of the cones in the radial direction forces reactor components radially outward to an outer tube that houses the reactor components and expandable center arrangement. Expansion of reactor components towards the outer tube promotes heat for carrying out catalytic reactions.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATING EXHAUST GASES

The present invention, in some embodiments, provides catalyst modules and/or catalytic reactors having increased effective catalyst cross-sectional areas. In some embodiments, a catalyst module comprises a fluid stream inlet side comprising a plurality of first catalyst bodies and a plurality of first ducts and a fluid stream outlet side comprising a plurality of second catalyst bodies and a plurality of second ducts, wherein the first ducts are a fluid stream inlet to the second catalyst bodies and the second ducts are a fluid stream outlet for the first catalyst bodies.

AMMONIA GAS GENERATION FROM UREA FOR LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESS REQUIREMENTS

A process for providing an ammonia feed includes (i) a thermal gasification stage and (ii) a controlled catalyzed hydrolysis stage. In stage (i) urea, water and heated gases are introduced into a gasification chamber upstream at a temperature and for a time sufficient to gasify the solution to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is introduced to a stage (ii) catalytic hydrolysis reactor wherein the isocyanic acid) is hydrolyzed to ammonia with carbon dioxide as a byproduct. The process is provides ammonia for a low-temperature operation as needed.

REACTOR FOR CATALYTICALLY PROCESSING GASEOUS FLUIDS

A reactor for catalytically processing gaseous fluids. The invention relates to a reactor for catalytically processing gaseous fluids wherein the catalytic reaction is accompanied by a heat exchange, stationary catalysts are used, with the fluid flowing through the reactor in one direction. To this end, the fluid path-forming structures (10) are provided in the reactor housing, the structures (10) form channels (19), and the structures (10) have at least one region (11) provided with a catalyst (12), preferably coated therewith. Figure 1.

KATALYSATORTRAEGER AND ITS USE.

METHOD OF PYROLYSIS AND REACTOR FOR ITS REALIZATION

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА В КОНДЕНСИРОВАННОЙ ФАЗЕ ИЗ ОДНОГО ИЛИ НЕСКОЛЬКИХ ГАЗОФАЗОВЫХ РЕАГЕНТОВ

Способ получения как минимум одного продукта в конденсированной фазе из одного или нескольких газофазовых реагентов в присутствии твердого катализатора, который включает один или несколько каталитических компонентов, в котором твердый катализатор имеет две или большее число зон, в которых продолжительность контакта одного или нескольких газофазовых реагентов с одним или несколькими каталитическими компонентами разная.

КОРЗИНА ДЛЯ МОНОЛИТНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Корзина для монолитного катализатора для установки в трубке трубчатого реактора, включающая контейнер для поддержания монолитного катализатора с нижней крышкой, закрывающей контейнер, и кожух, направленный вверх от нижней плоскости указанного контейнера до места ниже уплотнения и отстоящий от него, причем указанный кожух расположен таким образом, что между внешней поверхностью монолитного катализатора и кожухом остается зазор; и уплотнение, находящееся на верхней плоскости монолитного катализатора или вблизи нее и выступающее из монолитного катализатора за пределы внешней поверхности кожуха.

REACTOR FOR EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC CATALYTIC REACTIONS

METHOD OF OBTAINING THE PRODUCT BEFORE THE CONDENSED PHASE OF ONE OR SEVERAL GAS-PHASE REAGENTS

СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА В МЕТАНОЛ

Способ конверсии синтез-газа в метанол путем контактирования газового потока, содержащего синтез-газ, с гранулированным катализатором, причем указанный способ осуществляют в трубчатом реакторе с входом и выходом и выход расположен ниже входа, причем реактор включает одну или несколько трубок с помещенными в них одной или несколькими корзинами для указанных частиц катализатора и охлаждающую среду в контакте с указанными трубками; причем указанная катализаторная корзина включает кольцевой контейнер для катализатора с перфорированной внутренней стенкой по форме трубки, перфорированной внешней стенкой, верхней крышкой, закрывающей кольцевой контейнер, и нижней крышкой, закрывающей кольцевой контейнер; крышку, закрывающую нижнюю часть указанной трубки, образованной внутренней стенкой кольцевого контейнера; кожух, направленный вверх от перфорированной внешней стенки кольцевого контейнера от точки на нижней плоскости указанного контейнера или вблизи нее до точки ниже уплотнения; и уплотнение на ...

METHOD OF THE CONTACT OF HYDROCARBON AND OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS WITH THE CATALYST BED

СПОСОБ КОНТАКТИРОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ГАЗА СО СЛОЕМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Настоящее изобретение представляет собой способ контактирования углеводорода и кислородсодержащего газа со слоем катализатора в реакторе при объемной скорости, составляющей по крайней мере 10000 ч-1, отличающийся тем, что: а) реактор имеет многоугольное внутреннее поперечное сечение, по крайней мере, в том отделе, в котором находится слой катализатора; б) слой катализатора составлен из двух или более слоев катализатора в виде пластин многоугольной формы, которые имеют по крайней мере четыре стороны; в) каждый слой катализатора включает по крайней мере четыре пластины, которые накладываются мозаичным образом с образованием указанного слоя; г) грани двух пластин, соприкасающиеся в одном слое, не накладываются на грани пластин, соприкасающиеся в примыкающем слое.

DEVICE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PRELIMINARY HEATING OF AT LEAST ONE FLUID MEDIUM

METHOD OF PRODUCING ANHYDRIDES OF

REACTOR FOR CONDUCTING AUTOTHERMAL DEHYDRO GENIZATsII GAS PHASE

METHOD OF

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT AUTOTHERMAL GAS PHASE DEHYDRATION

Minireactor Array

An array ( 100 ) of honeycomb substrates ( 10 ) comprises honeycomb substrates ( 10 ), a plurality of which have, for each substrate, substrate cells extending from a first end of the respective substrate to a second end and substrate sides extending from the first end to the second end. The substrates of the plurality are arranged in an array with sides of respective substrates facing one another and cells of respective substrates extending in a common direction. One or more channels ( 12 ) are defined by facing substrate sides of two or more substrates of the plurality ( 100 ) and the one or more channels ( 12 ) extend in a direction perpendicular to the common direction.

Method of making a catalyst

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Methods of deoxygenation and systems for fuel production

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to processes for converting hydrocarbons to phthalic acids such as terephthalic acid. The invention also relates to polymerizing phthalic acid derivatives to produce, e.g., synthetic fibers.

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Reactor Components

The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion method comprising: {'sub': v1', 'v2', 'v2', 'v1, 'the regenerative reactor has a first portion having a first plurality of flow passages with a wetted area aand a second portion having a second plurality of flow passages with a second wetted area a, wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.75; and'}, 'passing a first mixture comprising hydrocarbons to a regenerative reactor, wherein'}reacting at least a portion of the hydrocarbons within the regenerative reactor to produce{'sub': '2', 'a second mixture comprising Cunsaturates.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.05 to 0.75.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.1 to 0.5.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising: [{'br': None, 'i': R', '=a', '/a', '=X, 'sub': 21', 'v2', 'v1, 'sup': (T', {'sub2': '2'}, '-T', {'sub2': '1'}, ')/300}, {'sub': 21', '2', '1, 'wherein Ris the ratio, Tis the zone temperature of the second portion in units of ° C., Tis the zone temperature of the first portion in units of ° C., and the X parameter is between 0.1 and 0.9;'}], 'calculating the ratio by the following equation{'sub': '21', 'obtaining the first portion and the second portion based on the determined ratio R; and'}disposing the first portion and second portion within the regenerative reactor.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the X parameter is in the range of 0.25 to 0.75.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Proton conducting membranes for hydrogen production and separation

In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide. By including the Zr and M in the oxide in place of Ce, the stability can be improved while maintaining sufficient hydrogen flux for efficient generation of hydrogen. In this manner, the conversion can be carried out by performing steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or water-gas shift reactions (WGS) at high temperature, where the conversion of CO to CO 2 and H 2 is driven by the removal of H 2 to give high conversions.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FORMING CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES, AND RELATED CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES

A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprises forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material. At least one mounted nanocatalyst is formed on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure. A catalytic assembly and system for producing a catalytic assembly are also described. 1. A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprising:forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material; andforming at least one mounted nanocatalyst on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a support structure comprises forming nested structures each comprising at least one catalyst-containing surface comprising the at least one catalyst material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming greater than or equal to two structures in a nested relationship.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to comprise a hollow and elongated structure.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to be substantially concentrically aligned relative to each other of the nested structures.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming at least one of the nested structures to exhibit at least one of a longitudinal axis offset from that of the support structure and a lateral axis offset from that of the support structure.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming the support structure to comprise chambers substantially isolated from one another by the nested structures.8. The method of claim 2 ...

Reactor For Conducting At Least Two Reactants

Various embodiments include a reactor comprising: a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant; a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant; multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant; and a medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel. The respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant. 1. A reactor comprising:a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant;a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant;multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant;wherein the respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant; anda medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the feed channel defines a flow direction for the second reactant; andthe passage openings are spaced apart from one another along the flow direction.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is formed as a unitary body.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is produced by means of a generative manufacturing process.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction channel extends in a helical shape.6. The ...

FRACTAL FLUID PASSAGES APPARATUS

Aspects of the present disclosure include branching fluid passages in an apparatus that reduce turbulent flow and generate evenly distributed fluid pressure as the fluids branch off into the different passages. In some embodiments, the branching passages may be subdivided into two sets: the branching passages for the liquid fuel and the branching passages for the liquid oxidizer. In some embodiments, the two sets of passages are carefully designed in an elegant yet extremely intricate manner that is optimized for proper fluid flow and maximal burn efficiency. The ends of all of the passages meet at the injector interface, which dispense the liquids into the combustion chamber for ignition. Generally, these designs are achieved through additive manufacturing, and would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be manufactured using traditional techniques. 1. An apparatus comprising: an inlet;', 'a first fractal fluid branching passage and a second fractal fluid branching passage, the first and second fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the inlet with continuously smooth curvature to the inlet such that fluid flowing from the inlet is configured to flow into both the first and second fractal fluid branching passages with minimal change in pressure drop;', 'a third fractal fluid branching passage and a fourth fractal fluid branching passage, the third and fourth fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the first fractal fluid branching passage with continuously smooth curvature to the first fractal fluid branching passage such that the fluid flowing from the first fractal fluid branching passage is configured to flow into both the third and fourth fractal fluid branching passages with minimal change in pressure drop; and', 'a fifth fractal fluid branching passage and a sixth fractal fluid branching passage, the fifth and sixth fractal fluid branching passages coupled to the second fractal fluid branching passage with continuously smooth curvature to the ...

Process And Reactor Comprising A Plurality Of Catalyst Receptacles

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis

The invention relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon pyrolysis, to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon pyrolysis, and to the use of hydrocarbon pyrolysis for, e.g., hydrocarbon upgrading. 124-. (canceled)25. A reactor for pyrolysing a hydrocarbon feed under predetermined pyrolysis conditions , the reactor comprising{'sub': 'R', '(a) an elongated tubular vessel having (i) an internal volume which includes first and second regions and (ii) opposed first and second openings in fluidic communication with the internal volume, the first and second openings being separated by a reactor length (L), and'}{'sub': s', 'p, 'sup': '3', 'claim-text': [ (A) a first aperture, the first aperture being proximate to the first opening and in fluidic communication with the first opening,', '(B) at least one internal channel in fluidic communication with the first aperture, and', {'sub': 1', '1', 'R, '(C) a second aperture, the second aperture being in fluidic communication with the first aperture via a flowpath Lthrough the channel, Lbeing ≥0.1*L; and'}], '(i) the first channeled thermal mass includes, [{'br': None, 'i': t', '*C', '*R*T', '*ΔT', '*X*ΔH*P, 'sub': R', 's', 'p', 'av', 'av', 'P, 'sup': '−1', '([OFA-1]/OFA)=(*ρ)*(t), wherein,'}, "(A) R is the feed's Gas Constant and", {'sub': R', 'av', 'p', 'p', 'av', 'P', 'av, '(B) the predetermined pyrolysis conditions include a residence time in the channel (t)≤1 sec., a feed conversion (X)≥50%, an average total pressure in the channel (P)≥1 bar, an average bulk gas temperature in the channel (T)≤1500° C. at the start of the pyrolysis, a peak gas temperature (T) located in the channel, T>T, a pyrolysis step time tin the range of from 0.001 sec. to 50 sec., and a change in average bulk gas temperature during the pyrolysis (ΔT)≤100° C.'}], '(ii) the OFA is determined from the formula], '(b) a channeled thermal mass located in the first region, wherein the first channeled thermal mass has a ...

Method for growing carbon nanotubes

A method for growing carbon nanotubes is provided. A reactor including a reactor chamber and a substrate located in the reactor chamber is provide. The substrate is a hollow structure including a sidewall and a bottom. The hollow structure also defines an opening. The sidewall includes a carbon nanotube layer and catalyst particles dispersed in the carbon nanotube layer. A mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas is introduced into the reactor chamber so that the mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas flows into the hollow structure from the opening and out of the hollow structure through the sidewall. The hollow structure is heated.

FLOW REACTOR FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

A flow reactor for photochemical reactions comprises an extended flow passage () surrounded by one or more flow passage walls (), the flow passage having a length and a light diffusing rod () having a diameter of at least 500 μm and a length, with at least a portion of the length of the rod () extending inside of and along the flow passage () for at least a portion of the length of the flow passage (). 110. A flow reactor () for photochemical reactions , the reactor comprising:{'b': 20', '22, 'an extended flow passage () surrounded by one or more flow passage walls (), the flow passage having a length; and'}{'b': 30', '30', '20', '20, 'a light diffusing rod () having a diameter or cross section of at least 500 μm and a length, at least a portion of the length of the rod () extending inside and along the flow passage () for at least a portion of the length of the flow passage ().'}210402022. The flow reactor () according to further comprising at least one thermal control passage () divided from the extended flow passage () by at least one of the one or more flow passage walls ().31030. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein the rod () comprises glass.4103032. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein the rod () comprises light scattering and/or light diffusing nanostructures ().5103234. The flow reactor () according to claim 4 , wherein the light scattering and/or light diffusing nanostructures () comprise random gas voids ().610303638. The flow reactor () according to claim 1 , wherein said portion of the length of the rod () is radially surrounded by an outer coating () or sheath ().710303638. The flow reactor () according to claim 6 , wherein the rod () has a first index of refraction and the coating () or sheath () has a second index of refraction and the first index is at least 0.05 greater than the second index.810. The flow reactor () according to claim 7 , wherein the first index is at least 0.1 greater than the second index.9103638. The ...

Process

A reactor having a shell comprising: one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

Fractal fluid passages apparatus

Aspects of the present disclosure include branching fluid passages in an apparatus that reduce turbulent flow and generate evenly distributed fluid pressure as the fluids branch off into the different passages. In some embodiments, the branching passages may be subdivided into two sets: the branching passages for the liquid fuel and the branching passages for the liquid oxidizer. In some embodiments, the two sets of passages are carefully designed in an elegant yet extremely intricate manner that is optimized for proper fluid flow and maximal burn efficiency. The ends of all of the passages meet at the injector interface, which dispense the liquids into the combustion chamber for ignition. Generally, these designs are achieved through additive manufacturing, and would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be manufactured using traditional techniques.

REACTOR

A reactor includes: a main reactor core including main reaction flow channels through which the raw material fluid flows, and main temperature control flow channels through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; and a pre-reactor core including pre-reaction flow channels of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the raw material fluid flows, and pre-temperature control flow channels of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel. 1. A reactor for causing a reaction of a raw material fluid by a heat exchange between the raw material fluid and a heat medium to generate a product , the reactor comprising:a main reactor core including a main reaction flow channel through which the raw material fluid flows, and a main temperature control flow channel through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; anda pre-reactor core including a pre-reaction flow channel of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channel and through which the raw material fluid flows, and a pre-temperature control flow channel of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channel and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the pre-reaction flow channel and the inlet side of the main reaction flow channel.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the ...

CATALYST AND SYSTEM FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING BY RESISTANCE HEATING; SAID CATALYST'S PREPARATION

The invention relates to a structured catalyst for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction in a given temperature range T upon bringing a hydrocarbon feed gas into contact with the structured catalyst. The structured catalyst comprises a macroscopic structure, which comprises an electrically conductive material and supports a ceramic coating. The macroscopic structure has been manufactured by 3D printing or extrusion and subsequent sintering, wherein the macroscopic structure and the ceramic coating have been sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to form chemical bonds between the ceramic coating and the macroscopic structure. The ceramic coating supports catalytically active material arranged to catalyze the steam methane reforming reaction, wherein the macroscopic structure is arranged to conduct an electrical current to supply an energy flux to the steam methane reforming reaction. The invention moreover relates to methods of manufacturing the structured catalyst and a system using the structured catalyst. 1. A structured catalyst for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction in a given temperature range T upon bringing a hydrocarbon feed gas into contact with said structured catalyst , said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure , said macroscopic structure comprising an electrically conductive material , said macroscopic structure having a resistivity between 10Ω-m and 10Ω-m in the given temperature range T , and said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating , wherein the macroscopic structure has been manufactured by extrusion or 3D printing and by subsequent sintering , wherein said macroscopic structure and said ceramic coating have been sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to form chemical bonds between said ceramic coating and said macroscopic structure , wherein said ceramic coating supports catalytically active material , said catalytically active material being arranged to catalyze the steam methane ...

DEVICES FOR THROUGH-FLOW OF FLUIDS COMPRISING GRADED POROUS STRUCTURES

A device for the through-flow of a fluid may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A porous structure with interconnected pores is arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction. The porous structure is coupled to a wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall. The porous structure has a porosity gradient along a first direction, which is cross to the overall flow direction. The porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall. The difference between the second porosity and the first porosity may be at least 4%. 1. A device for through-flow of a fluid , the device comprising:a vessel, comprising a wall, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction, anda porous structure having interconnected pores arranged in the vessel between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, wherein the porous structure is coupled to the wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall, and wherein the porous structure comprises a porosity gradient along a first direction which is cross to the overall flow direction,wherein the porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall relative to the first location, a difference between the second porosity and the first porosity being at least 4%.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first direction extends in a plane perpendicular to the overall flow direction.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the second porosity and the first porosity is at least 6%.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STEAM REFORMING

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique method for operating a fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique system for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel. Another embodiment is a unique fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and steam reforming systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith. 1. A system for steam reforming a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:a source of fuel;a fuel cell stack;a catalyst consisting essentially of platinum and ruthenium as catalytically active materials, wherein the platinum content by weight is less than the ruthenium content of the catalyst, and wherein the catalyst is configured for self-cleaning of sulfur compounds when performing steam reforming using a low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel; and a fuel inlet in fluid communication with the source of fuel and configured to receive hydrocarbon fuel from the source of fuel;', 'a fuel outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack and configured to provide reformed hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel cell stack; and', 'a catalytic reactor having a plurality of surfaces, wherein the plurality of surfaces have the catalyst disposed thereon, and wherein the catalyst is configured to:', 'reform a high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a first period of time; and', 'reform a low-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel received from the source of fuel with at least steam for a second period of time whereby the catalyst, using the low-sulfur content hydrocarbon fuel, self-cleans of sulfur compounds that may be present from poisoning by sulfur exposure during the reforming of the high-sulfur-content hydrocarbon fuel., 'a reformer comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum content of the catalyst is a ...

Reactor for producing synthesis gas

The present invention relates to a reactor for production of synthesis gas that optionally has a fluid-tight connection to a heat exchanger, and to a process for producing synthesis gas, preferably under high pressure.

Device useful for hydrogenation reactions (ii)

The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of specific solid metallic structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element and wherein the porous element is coated by a non-acidic metal oxide which is impregnated by palladium (Pd).

Scalable And Robust Burner/Combustor And Reactor Configuration

Disclosed herein are processes, apparatuses, and systems for producing chemicals. One system may comprise a wall defining a chamber; a plurality of burners configured in an arrangement within the chamber, wherein each of the burners is supplied with a material and facilitates combustion of the material, and wherein the arrangement defines an inner volume disposed radially inwardly relative thereto; and an injector disposed within the inner volume and configured to introduce a feedstock into the chamber, wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the feedstock. 1. A system comprising:a wall defining a chamber;a plurality of burners configured in an arrangement within the chamber, wherein each of the burners is supplied with a material and facilitates combustion of the material, and wherein the arrangement defines an inner volume disposed radially inwardly relative thereto; andan injector disposed within the inner volume and configured to introduce a feedstock into the chamber, wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the feedstock.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of the plurality of burners is dependent on a cross-sectional shape of the chamber.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of the plurality of burners comprises an annular configuration.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises methane claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , or a combination thereof5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises a hydrocarbon.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of second injectors disposed radially outwardly relative to the arrangement of the plurality of burners claim 1 , wherein each of the second injectors is configured to introduce a second feedstock into the chamber claim 1 , wherein the plurality of burners provide thermal energy to facilitate thermal pyrolysis of the second feedstock.7. The system of claim 6 ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

STEAM REFORMING HEATED BY RESISTANCE HEATING

A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, including: a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas including hydrocarbons, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein the ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; a pressure shell housing the structured catalyst; heat insulation layer between the structured catalyst and the pressure shell; at least two conductors electrically connected to the macroscopic structure and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the macroscopic structure. Also, a process for steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons. 1. A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons , said reactor system comprising:a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of said feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material;a pressure shell housing said structured catalyst, said pressure shell comprising an inlet for letting in said feed gas and an outlet for letting out product gas, wherein said inlet is positioned so that said feed gas enters said structured catalyst in a first end of said structured catalyst and said product gas exits said structured catalyst from a second end of said structured catalyst;a heat insulation layer between said structured catalyst and said pressure shell; andat least two conductors electrically connected to said structured catalyst and to an electrical ...

Installing monoliths in a reactor for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions

A method is proposed for installing monoliths ( 2 ) each formed of a ceramic block having a multiplicity of mutually parallel channels wherethrough the reaction gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction can flow in a reactor ( 1 ) for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, wherein said monoliths ( 2 ) are stacked side by side and on top of each other in the reactor interior, wherein the monoliths are sealed off from each other and from the inner wall of said reactor ( 1 ) by mats ( 3 ) each comprising an intumescent mat which before installation in said reactor ( 1 ) were completely enveloped in a polymeric film, wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat ( 3 ) is evacuated and wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat ( 3 ) is devacuated after installation in said reactor ( 1 ).

Chemical Reactor with Integrated Heat Exchanger, Heater, and High Conductance Catalyst Holder

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis.

Biogas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading biogas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a reformer feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the reformer feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the reformer feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading biogas to methanol.

Hydrocarbon Conversion

The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon conversion, and to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., hydrocarbon pyrolysis processes. The hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one channeled member that comprises refractory and has an open frontal area ≤55%. The refractory can include non-oxide ceramic. 120.-. (canceled)21. A reverse-flow reactor , comprising: (i) the second aperture is separated from the first aperture by a first flow-path through the channel,', {'sub': n+1', 'n', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm, '(ii) the refractory includes one or more of a first ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula MAX, a second ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula NB, and a third ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula PQ, and'}, '(iii) M is at least one element selected from Groups 3-6 of the Periodic Table, A is at least one element selected from Groups 13-15 of the Periodic Table; X is carbon and/or nitrogen; N is at least one element selected from Groups 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table; B is boron; P is at least one element selected from Groups 4-10 of the Periodic Table; Q is silicon and/or aluminum; n is 1, 2, or 3; i and k are each a positive integer; j is i+1 or i+2; and m is a positive integer that can be greater than k, less than k, or equal to k;, '(a) a first channeled member having open frontal area (OFA)≤55%, the first channeled member comprising at least one refractory and having opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, wherein'}(b) a second channeled member comprising at least one refractory and having opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, the first and second apertures being separated by a second flow-path through the channel,(c) a reactor vessel having opposed first and second openings and an internal volume, wherein (i ...

Hydrocarbon Conversion to Ethylene

The invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process and a reactor configured to carry out the hydrocarbon conversion process. The hydrocarbon conversion process is directed to increasing the overall equilibrium production of ethylene from typical pyrolysis reactions. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be carried out by exposing a hydrocarbon feed to a peak pyrolysis gas temperature in a reaction zone in the range of from 850° C. to 1200° C.

Hydrocarbon Conversion

The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon conversion, and to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., hydrocarbon pyrolysis processes. The hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one channeled member that comprises refractory and has an open frontal area ≤55%. The refractory can include non-oxide ceramic. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion process , comprising:(a) providing a feed comprising hydrocarbon; (i) the second aperture is separated from the first aperture by a flow-path through the channel,', '(ii) the channeled member has an open frontal area (OFA) ≤55%,', {'sub': n+1', 'n', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm, '(iii) the channeled member comprises a refractory which includes one or more of a first ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula MAX, a second ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula NB, and a third ceramic comprising at least one compound represented by the formula PQ, and'}, '(iv) M is at least one element selected from Groups 3-6 of the Periodic Table; A is at least one element selected from Groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table; X is carbon and/or nitrogen; N is at least one element selected from Groups 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table; B is boron; P is at least one element selected from Groups 4-10 of the Periodic Table; Q is silicon and/or aluminum; n is 1, 2, or 3; i and k are each a positive integer; j is i+1 or i+2; and m is a positive integer that can be greater than k, less than k, or equal to k;, '(b) providing a channeled member that includes opposed first and second apertures and at least one internal channel, wherein'}(c) providing a flow-through reactor having opposed first and second openings and an internal volume, wherein (i) the internal volume includes the channeled member, (ii) the first opening is adjacent to the first aperture, and (iii) the first and second openings are in fluidic communication ...

PROPULSION ELEMENT INCLUDING A CATALYZING REACTOR

A propulsion element including a catalyzing reactor is disclosed. The catalyzing reactor comprises a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit. The reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor. The channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path, in which channel in use, a catalyzed exothermic reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path. The at least one channel is looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof. 1. A propulsion element including a catalyzing reactor , the catalyzing reactor having a reactor entrance , a reactor exit , and an internal structure configured for flowing a reacting medium from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit , the internal structure comprising at least one reactor channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of the reacting medium ,wherein the reactor channel defines a flow path between the reactor entrance and the reactor exit, and wherein the reactor channel is looped such that a first portion of the flow path that is relatively more downstream with respect to the reactor entrance is proximate, and in heat exchanging contact with, a second portion of the flow path that is relatively more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, the reactor channel being configured for transferring heat between the reacting medium present in the first portion of the flow path and the reacting medium present in the second portion of the flow path.2. The propulsion ...

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor according to an embodiment includes a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed, a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit, and a seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing. The seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing. 1. A catalytic reactor , comprising:a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed;a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit; anda seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing,wherein the seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 ,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape extending in the axial direction, andwherein the reactor housing has a cylindrical shape.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein a plurality of the catalytic units are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein the plurality of catalytic units are arranged in a grid shape in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein the catalytic unit includes a casing integrally holding the at least one catalyst.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein each catalytic ...

Packed-bed tubular reactor for heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reaction effected in a three-phase system essentially consisting of a gaseous reagent phase, a liquid reacted phase and a solid catalytic phase, wherein the solid catalytic phase is composed of packed bodies encaged in at least one open-cell foam structure with a high thermal conductivity.

LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS FOR MONOLITH CATALYSTS AND SUBSTRATES

The present invention relates to different liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications. The present invention more particularly relates to distributor devices in the form of a single injection and multiple injection pipe distributors; shower head distributor comprising a plurality of holes for plunging liquid; a packing of spherical particles with a pre-distributor to split the liquid into manifold streams, before entry into the monolith bed. The present invention provides liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications providing improved liquid distribution into the monolith bed resulting in uniform fluid flow in each channel so as to make maximum use of the catalyst surface area. 1. A device for distributing a liquid flow stream downwardly into a monolith bed , comprising:a. an enclosed vessel comprising inlet port to hold an inlet feed axial pipe through a connector at centre position in vessel to feed liquid;b. two side inlet ports at the top peripheral of the vessel for gas phase entry;c. an output of inlet feed pipe for recovering liquid either through single drip (single pipe distributor) or the said output transforming into multiple nozzles downstream symmetrically spaced to distribute liquid in a uniform fashion across the cross section of monolith; andd. sufficient space of 0.1 to 0.6 times the bed diameter interposed in between nozzle's exit and monolith surface wherein liquid and gas communicate before entering the monolith bed.2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diameter of the pipe distributor with the diameter of bed (d/d) is a variable within 0.04 to 0.4.3. The device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the value of d/d≈0.17 offers an appropriate distribution without excessive pressure drop.4. A shower head distributor device for distribution of liquids comprising:a. an inner enclosed vessel comprising centered inlet port to feed liquid;b. perforated plate attached to said vessel at the bottom;c. an ...

CATALYST MODULES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

In one aspect, catalyst modules and catalytic reactors are provided which, in some embodiments, mitigate inefficiencies and/or problems associated with fluid stream pressure drop. A catalyst module comprises a layer of structural catalyst bodies arranged in a pleated format, the structural catalyst bodies forming pleat inlet faces and pleat outlet faces, wherein fluid flow channels defined by inner partition walls of the structural catalyst bodies extend from the pleat inlet faces to the pleat outlet faces. The pleat inlet faces form an angle (δ) with an inlet face of the module. 1. A catalyst module comprising:a layer of structural catalyst bodies arranged in a pleated format, the structural catalyst bodies forming pleat inlet faces and pleat outlet faces, wherein fluid flow channels defined by inner partition walls of the structural catalyst bodies extend from the pleat inlet faces to the pleat outlet faces and the pleat inlet faces form an angle (δ) with an inlet face of the module ranging from 5 degrees to 85 degrees.3. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies have a depth (d) extending between the fluid stream inlet and outlet faces and a pleat inlet face width (s) where a ratio of d/s ranges from 0.001 to 0.5.4. The catalyst module of claim 3 , wherein the ratio d/s ranges from 0.003 to 0.3.5. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein δ ranges from 55 degrees to 87 degrees.6. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies have a cell density of 50 cells per square inch (cpsi) to 900 cpsi.7. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are honeycomb catalyst bodies.8. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are corrugated catalyst bodies.9. The catalyst module of claim 1 , wherein the structural catalyst bodies are operable for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the fluid stream.10. A catalytic reactor comprising:a plurality of ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY STEAM METHANE REFORMING

A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen, including: a reforming reactor system including a first catalyst bed including an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, a heat insulation layer between the first catalyst bed and the pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to the electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the electrically conductive material, where the pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar; a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system; and a gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit. A process for producing hydrogen from a feed gas including hydrocarbons. 1. A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen , said hydrogen plant comprising:a reforming reactor system comprising a first catalyst bed comprising an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, said catalytically active material being arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, a pressure shell housing said first catalyst bed, a heat insulation layer between said first catalyst bed and said pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to said electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell, wherein said electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of said first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through said electrically conductive material, wherein said pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar,a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system, anda gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit.2. A hydrogen plant according ...

REACTOR

A reactor includes: a main reactor core including main reaction flow channels through which the raw material fluid flows, and main temperature control flow channels through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; and a pre-reactor core including pre-reaction flow channels of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the raw material fluid flows, and pre-temperature control flow channels of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel. 2. (canceled)3: The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a connection member connecting the outlet side of the main reaction flow channel and the inlet side of the pre-temperature control flow channel.46-. (canceled)7: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a catalyst for promoting the reaction of the raw material fluid is supported in each of the main reaction flow channel and the pre-reaction flow channel.8: The reactor according to claim 7 , wherein a main catalyst member supporting the catalyst is removably provided in the main reaction flow channel claim 7 , and a pre-catalyst member supporting the catalyst is removably provided in the pre-reaction flow channel.9: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a main fin is removably provided in the main temperature control flow channel claim 1 , and a pre-fin is removably provided in the pre-temperature control flow channel.10: The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat medium adjustment device for adjusting a flow rate or a temperature of the heat medium supplied to the main temperature control flow channel.11: The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-reactor core is removably integrated with the main reactor ...

Reactor with Honeycomb Catalyst for Fuel Reformation

A reactor using honeycomb catalyst is provided for fuel reformation with high activity and heat stability. The reactor comprises a heating tube, a methane gas inlet, a three-way steam inlet and a hydrogen-rich gas outlet. The three-way steam inlet is near to the heating tube for providing heat required for reformation and to reduce power consumption. The heating tube is made of an inconel material so that the overall reaction may be carried out at high temperature. The heating tube is set with a honeycomb carrier of cordierite. The honeycomb carrier is pasted with carbon nanotube and heat-treated to increase internal surface area. The honeycomb carrier has a Pt/CeO 2 /α-Al 2 O 3 catalyst; is placed in the heating tube; and has honeycomb-pores channels parallel to a main axis of the heating tube.

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disk-shaped elements have a diameter of about 11/2 inches.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the monoliths have a width and a length of about 11/2 inches.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from a process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements within the process unit is at least six inches.56. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements ...

A CATALYZING REACTOR, A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CATALYZING REACTOR AND A USE OF CATALYZING REACTOR

A catalyzing reactor comprising a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit. The reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor. The channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path, in which channel in use, a catalyzed exothermic reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path. The at least one channel is looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance, so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof. 1. A catalyzing reactor comprising a reactor entrance and a reactor exit and an internal structure arranged for flowing a reacting medium through the reactor from the reactor entrance to the reactor exit , the reactor structure comprising at least one thin walled reactor channel arranged between the entrance and the exit of the reactor , the channel having a channel wall that includes a catalyst and that defines a flow path , in which channel in use , a catalyzed reaction takes place in the medium as it flows along the flow path , the at least one channel being looped to have a portion of its flow path that is downstream with respect to the reactor entrance in heat exchanging contact with a portion of a flow path that is more upstream with respect to the reactor entrance , so as to transfer heat between a downstream portion of the reacting medium to an upstream portion thereof.2. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream portion of the flow path shares a common thin wall with its more upstream portion.3. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the downstream portion of the ...

Processes and Systems for the Conversion of Acyclic Hydrocarbons to Cyclopentadiene

This invention relates to processes and systems for converting acyclic hydrocarbons to alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics, for example converting acyclic Chydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system. The process includes heating an electrically-conductive reaction zone by applying an electrical current to the first electrically-conductive reaction zone; and contacting a feedstock comprising acyclic hydrocarbons with a catalyst material in the electrically-conductive reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbons to an effluent comprising alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons, and/or aromatics.

Process for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins

The present invention relates to a process for converting oxygenates to olefins, comprising (1) providing a gas stream comprising one or more ethers; (2) contacting the gas stream provided in (1) with a catalyst, the catalyst comprising a support substrate and a layer applied to the substrate, the layer comprising one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

INTERNAL RECYCLE REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC INERTING

An internal recycle reactor for catalytic inerting has a monolithic body having a motive fluid duct, a suction chamber, a mixing region, a reactor section, an outlet, and a recycle passage. The suction chamber includes a suction chamber inlet. The mixing region is configured to receive gaseous fluids from the motive fluid duct and the suction chamber inlet to produce a gaseous mixture. The reactor section includes a catalyst and is configured to receive the gaseous mixture from the mixing region. The outlet is configured to deliver an exhaust gas from the reactor section and the recycle passage is configured to deliver a portion of the exhaust gas to the suction chamber inlet. 1. An internal recycle reactor for catalytic inerting that is a monolithic body comprising:a motive fluid duct having a motive fluid outlet;a suction chamber comprising a suction chamber inlet;a reactant fluid inlet;a mixing region configured to receive separate gaseous fluids from the motive fluid outlet, the suction chamber inlet, and the reactant fluid inlet to produce a gaseous mixture;a reactor section comprising a catalyst, wherein the reactor section is configured to receive the gaseous mixture from the mixing region;an outlet configured to deliver an exhaust gas from the reactor section; anda recycle passage fluidly connecting the outlet to the suction chamber and configured to deliver a portion of the exhaust gas to the suction chamber though the suction chamber inlet.2. The internal recycle reactor of claim 1 , wherein the motive fluid duct comprises a converging nozzle configured to direct a reactant gas to the reactor section.3. The internal recycle reactor of claim 2 , wherein the suction chamber inlet is disposed perpendicular to an outlet orifice of the nozzle.4. The internal recycle reactor of claim 3 , wherein the motive fluid duct is configured to deliver a bleed air and the reactant fluid inlet is configured to deliver a fuel.5. The internal recycle reactor of claim 3 , ...

Process

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

MODULAR CATALYST MONOLITHS

The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F) with shaped bodies (F) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner with side face to side face and with their longitudinal axis aligned in vertical direction, virtually completely covering the cross section of the tray, to form modules (M), and the modules (M), optionally with cooperation of a joint filler material, with vertical alignment of the longitudinal axis of the shaped bodies (F), are joined to one another virtually seamlessly in a mosaic-like manner such 17.-. (canceled)8112111. A reactor R with apparatus D , the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B , in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) , wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B , and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F) in the form of straight prisms , the footprint of which is ...

STRUCTURAL CATALYST WITH INTERNAL HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM FOR EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A reactor for efficient control of endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions, including, for example, Fischer Tropsch reactions. Also disclosed are methods of delivering coolant materials and gasification source materials to the reactor. 1. A reactor having a longitudinal axis , the reactor comprising:a housing having an outer wall, the outer wall defining at least one gas inlet and at least one coolant inlet;a frame positioned within the housing, the frame comprising a plurality of interior surfaces and a plurality of exterior surfaces, wherein the plurality of interior surfaces cooperate to define a plurality of interconnected coolant channels within the frame, wherein the plurality of exterior surfaces define a plurality of isolated conduits, each conduit of the plurality of isolated conduits having a respective longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor, wherein at least a portion of the at least one exterior surface that defines each respective conduit is coated with at least one catalyst material to position the at least one catalyst material within the conduit,wherein the plurality of interconnected coolant channels are positioned in fluid communication with the at least one coolant inlet, andwherein the plurality of conduits are positioned in fluid communication with the at least one gas inlet.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of interconnected coolant channels of the frame comprise a first plurality of coolant channels and a second plurality of coolant channels claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of coolant channels are oriented substantially perpendicularly to the first plurality of coolant channels to thereby create a grid of coolant channels.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits have a substantially square cross-sectional shape.5. The reactor of ...

Multi-Structured Reactor Made of Monolithic Adjacent Thermoconductive Bodies for Chemical Processes with a High Heat Exchange

A multi-structured tubular element for producing a reactor for effecting exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions, comprises two or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies, assembled together so that each has a part of the side surface interfaced with the side surface of one or more monolithic thermoconductive bodies adjacent thereto, so as to form as a whole, a honeycomb structure containing a plurality of longitudinal channels extending from one end to the other of said tubular element, suitable for being filled with a granular catalytic solid.

FLOW-THROUGH REACTION CONTAINMENT APPARATUS EMBODIED AS A MONOLITHIC BLOCK OF MATERIAL

This monolithic reactor is an adaptable and scalable, flow-through reaction containment apparatus embodied as a one-piece monolithic block of material that retains re-configurability to improve reaction processing. This apparatus increases operational flexibility, adaptable design, and vastly simplifies construction of tubular reaction-containment configurations. Internally, the monolithic block comprises one or more closely spaced, functional voids which operate as fluid channels that can be configured in various geometric arrangements. The apparatus is widely scalable, provides high thermodynamic efficiency, manufacturing simplicity, and affordability for varied operations through additive manufacturing, and has a compact physical footprint. 1. A reaction containment and control apparatus comprising:a. a one-piece, monolithic block of material fabricated as a single piece;b. two or more internal functional voids which act as fluid channels;c. separate inlet and outlet ports for each internal functional void allowing continuous, unobstructed fluid flow; andd. an internal configuration such that the internal functional voids adjoin one another in a collinear, parallel manner in order to maximize efficiency and minimize the size of the apparatus.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a rating of operational pressures up to 10 claim 1 ,000 psi and operational temperatures up to 1300 C claim 1 , depending upon the material of construction.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a monolithic block that is porous claim 1 , non-porous claim 1 , or composed of a mixture of porosities.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a monolithic block that is configurable claim 1 , operable claim 1 , and replicable in one or more of a variety of materials including metal claim 1 , ceramic claim 1 , sapphire claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , or similar constituents claim 1 ,5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further optionally comprising auxiliary ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A process unit assembly comprising a process unit having a plurality of reticulated elements disposed therewithin , the reticulated elements having a plurality of web members formed therein that define a plurality of flow passageways through the reticulated elements and a size such that there is a significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements in the process unit , the reticulated elements being capable of receiving a contaminated process stream on a surface thereof and enhancing filtration of contaminants from the contaminated process stream to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream when the contaminated process stream passes through the flow passageways and the significant and varied void space , wherein the process unit contains a bed of catalyst material , and wherein the pressure drop within the process vessel remains low for a predictable period of time based on the level of contaminants in the process stream and the amount of the reticulated elements provided in the process unit , and wherein the reticulated elements in the process unit are provided in an amount such that during operations , the bed of catalyst material can be exhausted before the ...

Reverse flow reactors with selective flue gas management

Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of groups of reverse flow reactors by operating reactors in a regeneration portion of the reaction cycle to have improved flue gas management. The flue gas from reactor(s) at a later portion of the regeneration step can be selectively used for recycle back to the reactors as a diluent/heat transport fluid. The flue gas from a reactor earlier in a regeneration step can be preferentially used as the gas vented from the system to maintain the desired volume of gas within the system. This results in preferential use of higher temperature flue gas for recycle and lower temperature flue gas for venting from the system. This improved use of flue gas within a reaction system including reverse flow reactors can allow for improved reaction performance while reducing or minimizing heat losses during the regeneration portion of the reaction cycle.

Modular Additive Manufactured Reactor System

The present invention relates to a modular reactor system for carrying out processes comprising mixing, chemical reactions, heat exchange and/or separations, the reactor system comprising of at least one additive manufactured module, the module each performing at least one process unit operation, and optionally, an external housing. 1. A modular reactor system for carrying out processes on an industrial scale comprising mixing , chemical reactions , heat exchange and/or separations of chemical reactants and/or (by)products , the reactor system comprising of at least one additive manufactured module , the module being configured for performing at least one process , and optionally , an external housing.2. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the industrial scale process has an entrant fluid minimum flow rate of at least 5 liters per hour.3. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the module comprises a reaction space having a mean major diameter of at least 5 cm claim 1 , and a mean major height of at least 10 cm.4. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises at least two consecutive modules.5. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the module or modules are at least in part composed of ceramic material.6. The reactor system according to claim 1 , wherein the process activity comprises at least two of mixing claim 1 , adsorption and/or desorption claim 1 , optionally catalyzed and/or uncatalyzed chemical reactions claim 1 , heat exchange claim 1 , and/or product separation.7. The reactor system according to claim 1 , comprising at least two different modules for performing at least two different processes claim 1 , preferably a combination of mixing and chemical reactions claim 1 , a combination of a chemical reaction and heat exchange; a combination of a chemical reaction and a separation claim 1 , or combinations/mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein at least one module is configured to ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream,wherein the reticulated elements are randomly packed in one or more layers extending along the interior of the process unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more layers span the extent of the process unit.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reticulated elements have a pore size in the range of about 2.5 millimeters to about 100 microns and are capable of filtering contaminants from the contaminated process stream down to about 1 ...

INTEGRATION OF EX SITU FABRICATED POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS INTO FLUIDIC CHIPS

Bare porous polymer monoliths, fluidic chips, methods of incorporating bare porous polymer monoliths into fluidic chips, and methods for functionalizing bare porous polymer monoliths are described. Bare porous polymer monoliths may be fabricated ex situ in a mold. The bare porous polymer monoliths may also be functionalized ex situ. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include inserting the monoliths into channels of channel substrates of the fluidic chips. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include bonding a capping layer to the channel substrate. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be mechanically anchored to channel walls and to the capping layer. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be functionalized by ex situ immobilization of capture probes on the monoliths. The monoliths may be functionalized by direct attachment of chitosan. 1. A method of incorporating one or more porous polymer monoliths into a fluidic chip , the method comprising:inserting one or more bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into one or more channels of a channel substrate of the fluidic chip.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fabricating the one or more bare porous polymer monoliths.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein fabricating the one or more bare porous polymer monoliths comprises fabricating one or more porous polymer monoliths in a mold.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein fabricating the one or more monoliths in the mold comprises:adding a pre-monolith solution to one or more channels of a molding substrate;photopolymerizing the pre-monolith solution; andremoving the polymerized solution from the one or more channels of the molding substrate.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising chemically functionalizing one or more porous polymer monoliths claim 1 , wherein the one or more inserted monoliths comprise the one or more functionalized porous polymer monoliths.6. The ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method and assembly for utilizing open-cell cellular solid material in a component separation unit to separate one or more process streams into component process streams having desired compositions. A method and assembly for using said open-cell cellular solid material to separate process streams into desired component process streams in a component separation unit, wherein the open-cell cellular solid material can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, ceramics, metals, polymers, and chemical vapor deposition materials. 1. A process unit assembly comprising:a vessel having at least one bed with a plurality of stochastic three-dimensional cellular solid materials packed therein, the cellular solid materials having:a catalyst coating applied thereon that is capable of reacting with one or more contaminants in a process stream introduced into the bed;a pore size in the range of about 100 microns to about 6,000 microns; anda contact surface with a surface area upon which two or more phases from the process stream can be contacted to facilitate mass transfer between the two or more phases,wherein the phases comprise a liquid phase, a vapor phase or combinations thereof.2. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mass transfer between the phases facilitates contaminants removal from the process streams within the vessel.3. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cellular solid materials are randomly packed within the vessel.4. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the contaminants comprise polymer precursors.5. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the contaminants comprise salts.6. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst coating comprises an alumina material.7. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst coating comprises a Group VI-B or Group VIII metal.8. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein the vessel further contains catalyst.9. The process unit assembly of claim 1 , wherein ...

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYSED GAS PHASE REACTIONS, AND USE OF THE REACTOR

The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions, having an internal element () or a plurality of internal elements () which are arranged in succession in the flow direction of the gas mixture of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reaction through the reactor (), where the internal elements extend over the entire reactor cross section, wherein the one or more internal elements () is/are at least partly made of a fiber composite ceramic material. 117.-. (canceled)18. A reactor for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions , having an internal element or a plurality of internal elements which are arranged in succession in the flow direction of the gas mixture of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reaction through the reactor , where the internal elements extend over the entire reactor cross section , wherein the one or more internal elements are at least partly made of a fiber composite ceramic material , where the fiber composite ceramic material is composed of a ceramic matrix in which ceramic fibers are embedded.19. The reactor according to claim 18 , wherein the one or more internal elements comprise internal elements for accommodating a heterogeneous catalyst and optionally additional quiescent elements through which the reaction gas does not flow and which do not comprise any catalyst material.20. The reactor according to claim 18 , wherein the ceramic matrix and/or the ceramic fibers are composed of an oxide ceramic.21. The reactor according to claim 18 , wherein the reactor is designed for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions at reaction temperatures of 600-1500° C.22. The reactor according to claim 18 , wherein the reactor has a cylindrical reactor wall.23. The reactor according to claim 18 , wherein the reactor cross section in the regions in which the one or more internal elements are arranged is greater than 0.25 m claim 18 , with the maximum reactor cross ...

HEAT INTEGRATED REFORMER WITH CATALYTIC COMBUSTION FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

A heat integrated steam reformer, which incorporates a catalytic combustor, which can be used in a fuel processor for hydrogen production from a fuel source, is described. The reformer assembly comprises a reforming section and a combustion section, separated by a wall. Catalyst () able to induce the reforming reactions is placed in the reforming section, either in the form of pellets or in the form of coating on a suitable structured catalyst substrate such as fecralloy sheets. Catalyst () able to induce the combustion reactions is placed in the combustion section in the form of coating on suitable structured catalyst substrate such as fecralloy sheet. A steam and fuel mixture () is supplied to the reforming section () where it is reformed to produce hydrogen. A fuel and an oxygen () containing gas mixture is supplied to the combustion section where it is catalytically combusted to supply the heat for the reformer. The close placement of the combustion and reforming catalysts facilitate efficient heat transfer. Multiple such assemblies can be bundled to form reactors of any size. The reactor made of this closely packed combustion and reforming sections is very compact. 110-. (canceled)11. An integrated steam reformer/combustor assembly for use in a fuel processing system that supplies a steam and a reformer fuel mixture to a reformer to produce a reformate of primarily hydrogen , the assembly comprising:a multitude of tubular sections where an inside of each tubular section is a combustor and an internal wall of each tube is contacted with a structured catalyst support coated with a catalyst to induce combustion reactions in the combustor,a. at least two tube sheets supporting and spacing the multitude of tubular sections;b. a cylindrical wall enclosing the multitude of tubular sections which are connected to the tube sheets and having flow passages for feeding reforming reactants and removing reforming products and containing a reforming catalyst in close contact ...

Reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions.

Catalytic reforming system and process______

OFFSHORE REFORMING INSTALLATION OR VESSEL

An offshore installation or offshore vessel is provided which comprises a reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

Processo para destilacao catalitica

PROCEDURE FOR CATALYTIC DISTILLATION.

UTILIZACION DE UN PAQUETE CATALITICO, QUE SE OBTIENE POR DEPOSICION POR EVAPORACION Y/O PULVERIZACION CATODICA DE AL MENOS UNA SUSTANCIA ACTIVA QUE SE UTILIZA COMO CATALIZADOR Y/O COMO MOTOR SOBRE UNA ESTRUCTURA TEXTIL, TRICOTADA O SOBRE UNA LAMINA QUE HACE DE MATERIAL SOPORTE, EN UN PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA DESTILACION CATALITICA, MEDIANTE EL CUAL SE COMBINA UNA REACCION CATALITICA HETEROGENEA CON UNA DESTILACION O RECTIFICACION SIMULTANEA EN EL PAQUETE CATALITICO. USE OF A CATALYTIC PACKAGE, OBTAINED BY DEPOSITION BY EVAPORATION AND / OR CATHODIC SPRAYING OF AT LEAST AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE THAT IS USED AS A CATALYST AND / OR AS A MOTOR ON A TEXTILE, TRICOTED STRUCTURE OR ON A SHEET MADE BY MATERIAL IN A PROCEDURE FOR CATALYTIC DISTILLATION, THROUGH WHICH A HETEROGENIC CATALYTIC REACTION COMBINES WITH A SIMULTANEOUS DISTILLATION OR RECTIFICATION IN THE CATALYTIC PACKAGE.

Reactor for carrying out endothermic catalytic reactions

Reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Reactor for carrying out endothermal catalytic reactions

吸熱触媒反応の実施のための反応器

(57)【要約】 【目的】 加熱ダクト中での改善された安定な燃焼を示 す吸熱触媒反応の実施のためのモノリス反応器 【解決手段】 相互に平行に延びる加熱ダクト及び反応 ダクトからなるモノリス装置を備え、このモノリス装置 の壁は耐熱性でかつガス不透過性の材料からなり、その 際、反応ダクトの内壁面は触媒反応用の触媒で被覆され ている吸熱触媒反応の実施のための反応器において、加 熱ダクトの内壁面が触媒燃焼のための触媒で被覆されて いることを特徴とする吸熱触媒反応の実施のための反応 器

Chemical reactor and fuel processor utilizing ceramic technology

A multilayered ceramic chemical reactor and method of making the chemical reactor for use in an integrated fuel reformer in the form of a chemical combustion heater or a steam reformer. The ceramic chemical reactor including a three-dimensional multilayer ceramic carrier structure defining a cavity having a cofired catalyst formed therein. An optional cofired porous ceramic support layer can be provided as a layer between the ceramic structure and the catalyst material. The cofired catalyst provides for selective deposition of the catalyst material during fabrication and complete air oxidation of an input fuel during use. The cavity further includes a fuel inlet, an air inlet, and an outlet. The fuel processor includes a monolithic three-dimensional multilayer ceramic carrier structure defining a fuel reformer having heat provided by the integrated chemical reactor.

Thermally coupled monolith reactor

A chemical processing method includes thermally contacting an endothermic and an exothermic reaction without mixing the two streams, utilizing a thermally coupled monolith reactor. A ceramic or metal monolith contains sets of discrete flow paths separated by common walls. Manifolds are arranged such that one reaction mixture flows through one set of channels and a different reaction mixture flows through the second. Catalytic material, which is active for the relevant reaction, is coated onto the inner walls of each of the sets of channels. The two reactions are chosen such that one is exothermic and one is endothermic, such that the energy required by the endothermic process is supplied directly through the dividing wall from the exothermic process occurring on the opposing side. This method of heat transfer completely decouples the gas phase hydrodynamics from the heat transfer process.

Process intensification in microreactors

The present disclosure provides for a chemical reactor which includes elongate chambers defining an arrangement and including first, second, and third elongate chambers adapted to support respective distinct first, second, and third reactor functions associated with respective first, second, and third process feeds, and a distributor arranged in fluidic communication with each of the elongate chambers and for connecting the elongate chambers to at least one fluid source. The distributor is dimensioned to produce a two-dimensional radial distribution of fluidic flow through the first, second, and third elongate chambers with respect to the first, second, and third process feeds. The chemical reactor may further include a monolith catalyst support including an N×M array of channels including the elongated chambers. The elongate chambers and the distributor may manifest an interchangeable cartridge-based system wherein the arrangement of the elongate chambers is selectably detachable from the distributor and replaceable.

Devices and methods for honeycomb continuous flow reactors

Disclosed is a reactor for reacting fluids such as fluids in continuous flow, the reactor including a multicellular extruded body having cells extending in parallel in a direction from a first end of the body to a second end, the body having a first plurality of cells open at both ends of the body and a second plurality of said cells closed at one or both ends of the body, the second plurality being contiguous cells and cooperating to define at least in part a fluidic passage extending at least partly through the body. The fluidic passage desirably has a serpentine path back and forth along cells of the second plurality of cells, and the passage connects laterally from cell to cell, within cells of the second plurality, at or near the ends of the body.

Process for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed reactions with high selectivity and yield

A cost effective process is presented for carrying out catalytic, in particular also exothermic, endothermic or autothermal reactions with optimum yield and selectivity. The system used is a wall-flow monolith which forces a flow from the inlet channel through the porous wall into the outlet channel by reciprocal closure of the gas channels. This is operated such that mass transfer and heat transport are determined virtually exclusively by convection, and diffusion-related thermal conduction phenomena can be neglected.

Methods for forming honeycomb minireactors and systems

A method of forming a honeycomb reactor or reactor component is disclosed, including the steps of providing a honeycomb structure having cells divided by cell walls, providing an array of cutting tools arrayed in a pattern so as to be able to simultaneously align with a first plurality of the cell walls at a first end of the structure, and cutting the walls of the first plurality, reducing their height. Systems utilizing the reactors or reactor components thus formed are also disclosed.

Reactor with upper and lower manifold structures

A reactor is provided comprising a reactor substrate and upper and lower manifold structures. The upper manifold structure and the lower manifold structure each comprise at least one flow directing cavity that reverses a flow direction of a fluid flowing through the relatively short open-ended channels of the substrate between the upper and lower manifold structures. The flow directing cavities of the upper and lower manifold structures are configured to direct fluid from the inlet region of the upper manifold structure to the outlet region of the lower manifold structure in an additional serpentine path defined by the flow direction reversals introduced by the upper and lower manifold structures. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

分区的整体式反应器及相关方法

本发明揭示了一种在蜂窝状整体料内形成的反应器，所述整体料具有多条平行孔道，并且包含一条或多条位于整体料的封闭孔道内且从孔道到孔道横向延伸的工艺流体路径，所述整体料具有多孔壁，所述多孔壁在沿着所述一条或多条流体路径的至少第一区间涂覆无孔涂料，而在沿着所述一条或多条流体路径的至少第二区间保留多孔性，在所述第二区间的多孔壁适合使相应工艺流体路径里的渗透物穿过多孔壁。本发明还揭示了一种在蜂窝状整体料内形成反应器的方法，所述方法包括：提供多孔蜂窝状整体料，该整体料具有在共同方向上延伸、被孔道壁分隔的孔道；在整体料的封闭孔道内形成工艺流体路径，所述工艺流体路径从孔道到孔道横向延伸；用无孔涂料在至少第一区间内沿着整体料内的工艺流体路径涂覆整体料内的孔道壁；以及使第二区间内的至少一些整体料孔道壁沿工艺流体路径保持多孔性。

Reactors and methods of using same

A reactor for producing desired reaction products has a housing, a plurality of catalyst conduits within the housing, and a plurality of coolant conduits within the housing. The coolant conduits are interspersed among the catalyst conduits, and each catalyst conduit is positioned adjacent to at least two coolant conduits.

Structural catalyst with internal heat transfer system for exothermic and endothermic reactions

A reactor for efficient control of endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions, including, for example, Fischer Tropsch reactions. Also disclosed are methods of delivering coolant materials and gasification source materials to the reactor.

REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF GAS SHAPED FLUIDS

Method for performing a chemical reaction.

Process for the production of hydrocyanic acid

Reactor for carrying out endothermic catalytic reactions

Reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Process for performing endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions

A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Reactor for carrying out endothermal catalytic reactions

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zur Durchführung endothermer katalytischer Reaktionen. Es wird ein monolithischer Gegenstromreaktor (1) mit parallelen Heiz- (3) und Reaktionskanälen (2) beschrieben. Die Reaktionskanäle (2) sind auf ihren Innenwänden mit einem Katalysator für die durchzuführende katalytische Umsetzung beschichtet, während die Heizkanäle (3) auf ihren Innenwänden einen Katalysator für die katalytische Verbrennung eines Brenngas/Luft-Gemisches aufweisen. The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out endothermic catalytic reactions. A monolithic countercurrent reactor (1) with parallel heating (3) and reaction channels (2) is described. The reaction channels (2) are coated on their inner walls with a catalyst for the catalytic conversion to be carried out, while the heating channels (3) have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas / air mixture on their inner walls.

Reactor for carrying out endothermal catalytic reactions

A reactor for carrying out endothermic catalysed reactions has heating channels (3) reaction channels running parallel to each other. The walls of the channels are made of a refractory ceramic that is not permeable to gas. The reaction channels contain a catalyst for the reaction and the heating channels a catalyst for the combustion of fuel gas. The catalyst material in both cases is in the form of a lining on the internal walls of the channels. The reaction and heating channels are arranged in a monolithic block. Also claimed is the use of such reactors for carrying out such reactions.

Channel reactors

Described is an industrial scale chemical reactor or reactor containing a shell having an inner wall, and at least one channel inside the shell. The shell has a circular, square, or rectangular cross-sectional area. All of the internal dimensions of the channel are greater than 10 mm, and optionally less than 50 mm. The channel has a rectangular cross-sectional area, and contains a catalyst bed containing catalyst particles and/or pieces containing catalyst particles packed inside the channel. The reactor has improved shell volume utilization, catalyst loading capacities, heat exchange efficiency, process intensification, or combinations thereof, compared to currently existing reactors. Exothermic reactions, such as the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can be performed inside the channels of the reactor. Also described are methods of making the reactor.

Method for performing the rwgs reaction in a multi-tube reactor

A method for producing synthesis gas, comprising the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen, is characterized in that the reaction is performed in a multi-tube reactor in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature ≥ 700 °C.

Patent DE3213413C2

Isobutane alkylation

A method for isobutane alkylation is provided wherein a fixed-bed catalytic alkylation reactor comprises at least one catalytic flow channel. A feed stream comprising a compound to be alkylated admixed with a minor amount of an olefin is introduced into the flow channel wherein the flow channel is of sufficiently long configuration to have a mass-transfer-limiting boundary layer. The feed stream is contacted with a catalyst positioned on an inner surface of the flow channel thereby reacting the compound with the olefinto produce an alkylate product.

Separation method and assembly for process streams in component separation units

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active.

Separation method and assembly for process streams in component separation units

A method and assembly for utilizing open-cell cellular solid material in a component separation unit to separate one or more process streams into component process streams having desired compositions. A method and assembly for using said open-cell cellular solid material to separate process streams into desired component process streams in a component separation unit, wherein the open-cell cellular solid material can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, ceramics, metals, polymers, and chemical vapor deposition materials.

Separation method and assembly for process streams in component separation units

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active.

Hydrocarbon conversion to ethylene

The invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process and a reactor configured to carry out the hydrocarbon conversion process. The hydrocarbon conversion process is directed to increasing the overall equilibrium production of ethylene from typical pyrolysis reactions. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be carried out by exposing a hydrocarbon feed to a peak pyrolysis gas temperature in a reaction zone in the range of from 850°C to 1200°C.

Hydrocarbon conversion to ethylene

The invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process and a reactor configured to carry out the hydrocarbon conversion process. The hydrocarbon conversion process is directed to increasing the overall equilibrium production of ethylene from typical pyrolysis reactions. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be carried out by exposing a hydrocarbon feed to a peak pyrolysis gas temperature in a reaction zone in the range of from 850° C. to 1200° C.