Микрореактор для синтеза наноразмерных частиц из растворов

Изобретение относится к микромасштабным устройствам для получения наноразмерных частиц, например ферритов кобальта, фторидов кальция, стронция, и может быть использовано в химических технологиях, в том числе нанотехнологиях. Микрореактор для синтеза наноразмерных частиц из растворов содержит корпус протяженной формы, патрубки для ввода растворов компонентов и для отвода продуктов. Корпус аппарата имеет периодически изменяющееся вдоль оси аппарата поперечное сечение. Один и более патрубков для ввода растворов компонентов подключены к верхней части корпуса аппарата, а остальные патрубки для ввода растворов компонентов подключены к боковой поверхности корпуса вдоль его длины. Техническим результатом является увеличение производительности аппарата. 4 ил., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ

Изобретение относится к способу обогащения тяжелой нефти до легкой нефти и устройству для его осуществления и их вариантам. Способ осуществляют путем обработки тяжелой нефти водородсодержащим газом, имеющим температуру выше примерно 649°С, в течение менее 10 сек. Обработанную тяжелую нефть охлаждают смешиванием обработанной тяжелой нефти с необработанной тяжелой нефтью и стабилизируют охлажденную смесь обработанной тяжелой нефти и необработанной тяжелой нефти в течение 1-60 мин. Описан также способ обогащения тяжелой нефти, содержащий стадии: а) введения окисляющего агента и водородсодержащего топлива в реакторный сосуд; b) введения тяжелой нефти в реакторный сосуд; с) воспламенения окисляющего агента и водородсодержащего топлива в присутствии тяжелой нефти с инициированием преимущественно газофазной реакции обогащения; и d) охлаждения реакции обогащения и с) стабилизацию охлажденной смеси обработанной тяжелой нефти и необработанной тяжелой нефти в течение 1-60 мин с получением обогащенной ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ЗАКАЛИВАНИЯ РЕАКЦИИ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

Способ и система транспорта для разгрузки избыточного количества суспензии из реактора полимеризации. Способ включает разгрузку суспензии из реактора в транспортную линию, заканчивающуюся в закалочной камере; пропускание суспензии по термически изолированному трубопроводу, расположенному горизонтально, наклонно вверх или вертикально или в виде комбинации перечисленного, и по насадке трубопровода, проходящей через отверстие в стенке закалочной камеры, к выходу из транспортной линии; первое введение закалочной текучей среды в закалочную камеру, примыкающую к насадке трубопровода; и термическое изолирование насадки трубопровода от стенки закалочной камеры и закалочной текучей среды. Транспортная система отличается наличием кольцевого термического барьера вокруг насадки трубопровода, который может включать изоляцию и/или термически устойчивое поддерживающее кольцо, а также не содержащий ловушек трубопровод. Способ и система транспорта может снижать или предотвращать случаи закупоривания транспортной ...

НАГНЕТАТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВПРЫСКА ДЛЯ УСТАНОВКИ КРЕКИНГА С ФЛЮИДИЗИРОВАННЫМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМ ПЕРЕПАДОМ ДАВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к устройству для впрыска углеводородного сырья установки переработки, в частности установки крекинга с флюидизированным катализатором. Устройство (10) для впрыска углеводородного сырья установки переработки, выполненное с возможностью распыления жидкости на капли посредством газа, содержит полый трубчатый корпус (12), который проходит в продольном направлении (X) и внутренняя стенка (13) которого образует первую зону, называемую контактной зоной (Z1), и вторую зону (Z2), расположенную ниже по потоку относительно первой зоны по направлению потока жидкости и газа внутри корпуса. Корпус содержит по меньшей мере один первый (16) и один второй (14) впускной канал, ведущий в указанную первую зону (Z1), для впрыска жидкости и распыляющего газа соответственно в первую зону, по меньшей мере одно выпускное отверстие (18), расположенное ниже по потоку относительно первой и второй зон, для выведения распыленной жидкости из корпуса. Внутренняя стенка (13) корпуса между первой и ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ТВЕРДЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ УДАРНЫХ ВОЛН, СОЗДАВАЕМЫХ В СВЕРХЗВУКОВОМ ГАЗОВОМ ВИХРЕ

Группа изобретений относится к системам и способам обработки твердых материалов посредством ударных волн, создаваемых в сверхзвуковом газовом вихре. Система содержит устройство подачи твердого материала, реактор с камерой, входом для твердого материала, входом для газа от источника газа и выходом и накопитель. Реактор выполнен с возможностью проведения химических реакций и измельчения твердого загружаемого материала посредством ударных волн в камере. При этом выход включает в себя трубку Вентури для повышения давления в камере и осуществления быстрого охлаждения обработанного твердого материала, выходящего из реактора. Накопитель выполнен с возможностью сбора обработанного материала, переданного через выход реактора. Вход для газа содержит впускное сопло, выполненное с возможностью ускорения потока газа до сверхзвуковой скорости и испускания ударных волн из впускного сопла в камеру, при этом впускное сопло дополнительно выполнено с возможностью управления ударными волнами, вводимыми в камеру ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ДЕАЗОТИРОВАНИЯ, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАКОГО УСТРОЙСТВА И ПРОДУКТ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ТАКИМ СПОСОБОМ

Изобретение относится к установке и способу осуществления термического деазотирования гидрата нитрата уранила с целью получения триоксида урана. Установка включает горелку, реакционную камеру, расположенную на выходе из горелки и включающую в себя входной патрубок для гидрата нитрата уранила, имеющего формулу UO(NO)⋅xHO, где 2≤x≤6, при этом реакционная камера и горелка выполнены с возможностью осуществления термического деазотирования гидрата нитрата уранила и образования триоксида урана, имеющего форму частиц, разделительную камеру, которая представляет собой осадительную камеру, выполненную с возможностью отделения части частиц триоксида урана от газов, образующихся при термическом деазотировании, и фильтр, выполненный с возможностью отделения другой части частиц триоксида урана от газов, образующихся при термическом деазотировании, для их очистки и способный осуществлять разделение при температуре выше или равной 350°C. Изобретение обеспечивает получение с хорошим выходом частиц триоксида ...

СИСТЕМА ОКИСЛЕНИЯ С ВНУТРЕННИМ ВТОРИЧНЫМ РЕАКТОРОМ

Изобретения относятся к способу получения терефталевой кислоты и реакторной системе для ее получения. Окисление первой части многофазной реакционной среды проводят в первой зоне реакции, определенной внутри внешней реакционной емкости. Окисление пара-толуиловой кислоты, присутствующей во второй части реакционной среды, проводят во второй зоне реакции, определенной внутри внутренней реакционной емкости. Осуществляют отбор части фазы суспензии реакционной среды из второй зоны реакции с отправлением на последующие стадии для дополнительной переработки. Барботажная реакторная колонна включает внешнюю реакционную емкость и внутреннюю реакционную емкость, по меньшей мере, частично расположенную во внешней реакционной емкости. Внутренняя реакционная емкость имеет одно или несколько отверстий непосредственного соединения, которые обеспечивают сообщение через текучую среду между первой и второй зонами реакции. Внутренняя реакционная емкость имеет одно или несколько выпускных отверстий, которые позволяют ...

СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ГЕТЕРОГЕННО-КАТАЛИЗИРУЕМОГО ЧАСТИЧНОГО ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ

Использование: нефтехимия. Сущность: реакционный газ в реакционной зоне пропускают через, по меньшей мере, один стационарный слой катализатора, на котором посредством каталитического дегидрирования образуется молекулярный водород и частично, по меньшей мере, один дегидрированный углеводород. В реакционный газ до и/или после входа в реакционную зону подают, по меньшей мере, один газ, содержащий молекулярный кислород. В реакционной зоне молекулярным кислородом частично окисляют входящий в состав реакционного газа молекулярный водород до водяного пара. Газовый продукт, который содержит молекулярный водород, водяной пар, по меньшей мере, один дегидрированный углеводород и, по меньшей мере, один подлежащий дегидрированию углеводород, выводят из реакционной зоны, разделяют на две части одинакового состава, одну из которых в качестве циркуляционного газа рециркулируют в реакционную зону. Технический результат: упрощение технологии процесса, повышение селективности образования пропена. 12 з.п.

Устройство регулирования зазора между электродами в разрядной камере электрогидродинамического устройства

Полезная модель относится к устройству регулирования зазора между электродами и может найти применение в установках, содержащих устройство автоматического регулирования зазора между электродами в разрядной камере электрогидродинамического устройства. Устройство регулирования зазора между электродами в разрядной камере электрогидродинамического устройства содержит размещенные в едином корпусе и соединенные между собой датчик разряда, микроконтроллер, драйвер, управляющий шаговым двигателем. Устройство содержит усилитель сигнала с микрофона с регулятором уровня сигнала. В качестве датчика разряда использован акустический датчик (микрофон), подключенный к усилителю сигнала с микрофона с регулятором уровня сигнала. Устройство размещено на установке, содержащей разрядную камеру с установленными в ней электродами с управляемым зазором, и помещено в бокс или контейнер. Устройство регулирования зазора между электродами в разрядной камере электрогидродинамического устройства и генератор высоковольтных ...

УСТРОЙСТВО СВЯЗЫВАНИЯ АНТИТЕЛО-СМОЛА И СПОСОБЫ

Изобретение относится к устройствам активации смол и связывания антител со смолой. Устройство для связывания антител со смолой включает в себя: емкость для перемешивания, разделенную на верхний участок и нижний участок сетчатым экраном, растянутым поперек емкости, при этом верхний участок имеет впускное отверстие, а нижний участок выпускное отверстие, а сетчатый экран имеет размер пор от приблизительно 5 мкм до приблизительно 80 мкм; мешалку, расположенную внутри верхнего участка; и дисперсионное устройство, включающее в себя удлиненную трубчатую структуру, образующую просвет, причем трубчатая структура содержит проксимальный участок, продолжающийся вертикально снаружи смесительной емкости с впускным отверстием, которое открывается вверх; дистальный участок, расположенный горизонтально внутри верхнего участка над мешалкой и содержащий закрытый конец, и множество обращенных вниз отверстий; и колено, соединяющее дистальный участок и проксимальный участок. Устройство для связывания антитело-смола ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 1,2-ДИХЛОРЭТАНА ПРЯМЫМ ХЛОРИРОВАНИЕМ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к производству 1,2-дихлорэтана (этилендихлорида , ЭДХ) путем введения этилена и хлора в циркулирующий ЭДХ при интенсивном перемешивании и регенерации тепла. Взаимодействие проводят при температуре 65-125°С и абсолютном давлении 0,5 - 3,2 бар. При этом способ осуществляют таким образом, чтобы обеспечить кипение реакционной смеси, а теплоту реакции отводят из заполненного газами пространства и направляют по меньшей мере в один теплообменник. Процесс проводят на установке, включающей реактор с мешалкой, теплообменник, предпочтительно дистилляционную колонну, конденсатор, сушилку. В результате повышается эффективность контроля за ходом протекания реакции, предотвращается образование побочных продуктов, снижаются затраты. 2 с. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

СПОСОБ КОНДЕНСАЦИИ ПАРОВ АММИАКА УГЛЕКИСЛОГО ГАЗА И ВОДЫ, ОБРАЗУЮЩИХСЯ ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ РАСТВОРА, ПОСТУПАЮЩЕГО ИЗ РЕАКТОРА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОЧЕВИНЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Использование: при конденсации в условиях высоких температур и давлений аммиака, углекислого газа и водяных паров, которые получают в реакторе синтеза мочевины. Сущность изобретения: пары аммиака, углекислого газа и воды охлаждают в карбаматном конденсаторе с пучками труб U-образной формы с последующей рециркуляцией части полученного раствора карбамата и рекуперированием теплоты конденсации с образованием водяного пара. Стадию рециркуляции части раствора осуществляют внутри конденсатора. Устройство для конденсации паров содержит корпус конденсатора с пучками труб U-образной формы, закрепленных в трубной решетке, расположенной на одном из торцов корпуса конденсатора. Распределительная камера примыкает к трубной решетке и снабжена перегородкой для разделения камеры на входную зону и выходную зону. Устройство дополнительно содержит эжектор для смешивания рециркулируемого раствора со свежим обогащенным водой раствором карбамата, размещенный во входной зоне распределительной камеры. С патрубком ...

Устройство для проведения химических реакций в холодной плазме

Изобретение относится к области плазмохимии. Раскрыто устройство для проведения химических реакций в холодной плазме, которое включает генератор холодной плазмы, соединенный с реактором через сопловой блок, включающий сопло для подачи потока ионизированного газа в реактор, расширяющееся в направлении к входу в реактор, кольцевое сопло для подачи защитного газа в реактор, расположенное по внутреннему контору блока, вокруг сопла, соосно с ним, и форсунки для подачи реакционного газа в реактор, расположенные по внешнему контору блока, вокруг кольцевого сопла для подачи защитного газа. Форсунки для подачи реакционного газа в реактор расположены так, что угол между осью каждой форсунки и стенкой форсунки равен 10-17 градусов, угол между внешней стенкой кольцевого сопла и осью сопла для подачи потока ионизированного газа составляет 10-28 градусов, угол между стенкой сопла для подачи потока ионизированного газа и его осью составляет 9-13 градусов. Техническим результатом является обеспечение повышения ...

СПОСОБ ТЕПЛОМАССОЭНЕРГООБМЕНА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к акустическим способам тепломассоэнергообмена жидких, газовых, газожидкостных смесей, взвесей и дисперсий. Способ включает формирование раздельных непересекающихся вихревых потоков, последующее частичное соприкосновение встречно направленных наружных слоев потоков в кольцевом пространстве и концентрирование энергии акустического возбуждения в выходной акустической камере путем частичного пересечения с акустической камерой по образующим вихревых потоков. В устройстве производят акустическое резонансное возбуждение вихревых продуктовых потоков с помощью сообщенных между собой вихревых труб. Вихревые трубы направлены по ходу течения продукта, расположены по окружности, входные части их выполнены раздельными, а выходные сообщены друг с другом и с акустической камерой. Возбужденные потоки, объединенные в общей акустической камере, концентрируют энергию акустического возбуждения в центре и выводят обработанные звуком продукты на использование. Технический результат состоит ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

Описывается способ непрерывной газофазной полимеризации в псевдоожиженном слое олефинового мономера, выбранного из (а) этилена, (б) пропилена, (в) смесей этилена с пропиленом и (г) смесей (а), (б) или (в) с одним или несколькими другими альфа-олефинами в реакторе с псевдоожиженным слоем посредством непрерывной рециркуляции газообразного потока, содержащего по меньшей мере некоторое количество этилена и/или пропилена, через псевдоожиженный слой в указанном реакторе в присутствии полимеризационного катализатора при реакционных условиях, причем по меньшей мере часть указанного газообразного потока, отведенного из указанного реактора, охлаждают до температуры, при которой из него конденсируется жидкость, отличающийся тем, что по крайней мере часть сконденсированной жидкости выделяется из газообразного потока и по крайней мере часть этой выделенной жидкости вводится непосредственно в псевдоожиженный слой в точку или выше точки, в которой газообразный поток, проходящий через псевдоожиженный слой ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКОСТИ ГАЗОМ

Использование: при обработке жидкости газом. Сущность изобретения: установка содержит бак для жидкости, в который погружен инжектор, соединенный с циркуляционным трубопроводов. Для повышения эффективности процесса массообмена патрубок подвода газа в инжектор размещен внутри коаксиально патрубку подвода жидкости. Выходные торцы обоих патрубков размещены на одном уровне вблизи дна бака. Инжектор установлен в баке под углом 40° к вертикали. 2 з. п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

АППАРАТ И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Аппарат для очистки текучей среды, содержащий, по меньшей мере, одну зону очистки, характеризующуюся наличием оси, и размещенное в зоне очистки устройство ввода и разделения текучей среды, предназначенное для ввода разделенной смеси жидкости и газа в зону очистки, при этом устройство для ввода и разделения имеет входной торец, предназначенный для подачи смеси газа и жидкости, и содержит ряд соосно расположенных периферийных лопаток, в котором каждая периферийная лопатка проходит, по кривой линии относительно центральной оси устройства ввода, от рассекающей части, имеющей по существу ориентированную вдоль оси переднюю кромку, и отклоняющую часть, имеющую заднюю кромку, направленную наружу по существу радиально, при этом центральная ось устройства ввода параллельна или коаксиальна оси зоны очистки. 2. Аппарат по п.1, в котором лопатки создают минимальные сопротивление потоку текучей среды, протекающему между соседними лопатками. 3. Аппарат по п.1 или 2, в котором выходное отверстие лопатки ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ

... 1. Способ обогащения тяжелой нефти, в котором, по меньшей мере, часть тяжелой нефти обрабатывают водородсодержащим газом, имеющим температуру выше примерно 649°C, в течение менее 10 с и обработанную тяжелую нефть охлаждают смешиванием обработанной тяжелой нефти с необработанной тяжелой нефтью. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором газ является экзотермическим продуктом воспламенения окисляющего агента и водородсодержащего топлива. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором обработка включает испарение части тяжелой нефти. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором обработка включает преимущественно газофазную реакцию обогащения тяжелой нефти. 5. Способ по п.1, дополнительно предусматривающий стабилизацию охлажденной смеси обработанной тяжелой нефти и необработанной тяжелой нефти в течение 1-60 мин. 6. Способ по п.1, дополнительно предусматривающий время пребывания 1-60 мин для погашенной смеси обработанной тяжелой нефти и необработанной тяжелой нефти. 7. Способ по п.1, в котором указанная необработанная тяжелая нефть, используемая ...

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОЧЕВИНЫ

... 1. Способ получения мочевины, при осуществлении которого жидкий аммиак и диоксид углерода подают в секцию (100) синтеза и подвергают в ней реакции для получения мочевины, отличающийся тем, что секция синтеза включает по меньшей мере реактор, отпарной аппарат и конденсатор, образующие контур высокого давления, и по меньшей мере часть диоксида углерода подают в секцию (100) синтеза в жидкой фазе. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором часть диоксида углерода подают в секцию (100) синтеза в жидкой фазе, а остальную часть подают в секцию (100) синтеза в газовой фазе. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором весь диоксид углерода подают в секцию (100) синтеза в жидком состоянии. ! 4. Способ по одному из предшествующих пунктов, в котором секция (100) синтеза включает реактор (110, 130), отпарной аппарат (112, 132) и конденсатор (114, 134), а жидкий диоксид углерода подают или в реактор, или в конденсатор. ! 5. Способ по одному из пп.1-3, в котором секция (100) синтеза включает реактор (110, 130), отпарной аппарат ...

ТРУБЧАТЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЕРОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ АЗОТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ

... 1. Способ получения серосодержащих азотных удобрений в трубчатом реакторе (1), содержащем, по меньшей мере, одну входную зону (2) и, по меньшей мере, один смесительный тракт (3), причем трубчатый реактор (1) содержит, по меньшей мере, одно первое средство (6) для загрузки первого реагента и, по меньшей мере, одно второе средство (7) для загрузки второго реагента, расположенные, по меньшей мере, в одной входной зоне (2), и, по меньшей мере, одно третье средство (8, 9) для загрузки, по меньшей мере, одного третьего реагента, причем третье средство (8, 9) расположено, по меньшей мере, в одной входной зоне (2), на и/или после, по меньшей мере, одного смесительного тракта (3), причем раствор нитрата кальция превращают в трубчатом реакторе (1) серной кислотой в присутствии аммиака и за счет гранулирования возникающей гипсосодержащей суспензии получают удобрение, при котором на первом этапе а) реагенты раствор нитрата кальция и NH3 загружают во входную зону (2) трубчатого реактора (1) и смешивают ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР С НИСХОДЯЩИМ ПОТОКОМ

... 1. Каталитический реактор с нисходящим потоком, имеющий множество слоев катализатора, в которые проходит смесь газа и жидкости, причем область между последовательными слоями катализатора снабжена распределительной системой для распределения и смешивания газа и жидкости перед контактом со следующим слоем катализатора, и указанная область содержит (a) линию нагнетания газа, расположенную ниже поддона для поддержания катализатора, (b) собирающий поддон, приспособленный для приема газа и жидкости, (c) коллекторы слива, продолжающиеся выше уровня указанного собирающего поддона и снабженные выходными отверстиями для прохождения газа и жидкости, причем указанные выходные отверстия приспособлены для придания вихревого движения выходящим газу и жидкости, (d) камеру смешения, приспособленную для приема и поддержания вихревого движения газа и жидкости, спускающихся от указанных коллекторов слива, (e) отбойник ниже указанной камеры смешения, приспособленный для направления потока в радиальном направлении ...

Устройство и способ превращения жидкого потока в мелкие капли

Изобретение, в общем, относится к процессу атомизации углеводородного сырья. В частности, настоящее изобретение относится к устройству для атомизации потока тяжелых углеводородов. Раскрыты устройство и способ смешивания и атомизации потока углеводородов. Устройство содержит внутренний патрубок с первым впускным отверстием для приема потока углеводородов и вторым впускным отверстием для приема первичного диспергирующего потока. Во внутреннем патрубке образуется первичная смесь, содержащая поток углеводородов и первичный диспергирующий поток. Устройство также содержит наружный патрубок с третьим впускным отверстием для приема вторичного диспергирующего потока. Кроме того, указанные внутренний и наружный патрубки вместе определяют кольцеобразный канал. Дальний конец кольцеобразного канала определяет второй набор отверстий для обеспечения течения вторичного диспергирующего потока через них так, чтобы поток входил в контакт с первичной смесью, и при этом диспергирования вторичной смеси, полученной ...

СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ТВЕРДЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ УДАРНЫХ ВОЛН, СОЗДАВАЕМЫХ В СВЕРХЗВУКОВОМ ГАЗОВОМ ВИХРЕ

Газожидкостной реактор

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО НЕФТЯНОГО СЫРЬЯ

... 1. Способ переработки углеводородного сырья, заключающийся в том, чтонагревают перерабатываемое сырье и параллельно готовят перегретый водяной пар,нагретое перерабатываемое сырье и перегретый водяной пар подают в первую реакционную камеру реактора, имеющего две последовательно расположенные и сообщающиеся между собой реакционные камеры, при этом объем первой реакционной камеры меньше объема второй реакционной камеры, и диаметр и объем второй реакционной камеры обеспечивают снижение давления и температуры реакционной смеси,температуру перерабатываемого сырья устанавливают меньше температуры в первой реакционной камере, а температуру водяного пара устанавливают выше температуры в первой реакционной камере, температура и давление перерабатываемого сырья, температура и давление перегретого водяного пара устанавливаются на значения достаточные для осуществления термического крекинга, по меньшей мере, части углеводородного сырья в первой реакционной камере, при этомдавление и температуру перерабатываемого ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МНОГОФАЗНОЙ СМЕСИ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЕ РАССЕИВАЮЩУЮ ТАРЕЛКУ С РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОМ

... 1. Устройство для распределения многофазной смеси, образованной, по меньшей мере, одной газовой фазой и, по меньшей мере, одной жидкой фазой, спускающейся ниспадающим потоком через, по меньшей мере, один слой твердых частиц, при этом упомянутое устройство содержит, по меньшей мере, одну тарелку (1), размещенную над слоем твердых частиц, множество смесительных каналов (2) для упомянутых жидкой и газовых фаз, диспергирующую систему типа рассеивающей тарелки (3), имеющую контролируемую пористость, снабженную, по меньшей мере, на части своего периметра ребордами (36), и расположенную под смесительными каналами (2) и над слоем твердых частиц, отличающееся тем, что диспергирующая система (3) содержит, по меньшей мере, один разделительный элемент (32).2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что разделительный элемент (32) выполнен в форме пластины, размещенной перпендикулярно рассеивающей тарелке (3).3. Устройство по одному из пп.1 и 2, отличающееся тем, что разделительный элемент (32) имеет высоту ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ДЕАЗОТИРОВАНИЯ, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАКОГО УСТРОЙСТВА И ПРОДУКТ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ТАКИМ СПОСОБОМ

УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ НАГНЕТАНИЯ ПОТОКОВ ГАЗА В ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫЙ СЛОЙ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

... 1. Нагнетательная форсунка для использования в газораспределительном устройстве, содержащая:трубку, имеющую впуск для текучей среды, выпуск для текучей среды, внутренний диаметр и осевую длину;причем впуск для текучей среды содержит множество отверстий, ограничивающих поток, распределенных по осевому концу трубки.2. Нагнетательная форсунка для использования в газораспределительном устройстве, содержащая:трубку, имеющую впуск для текучей среды и выпуск для текучей среды,причем впуск для текучей среды содержит множество ограничивающих поток отверстий, распределенных по окружности и проходящих сквозь трубку.3. Форсунка по п.1 или 2, в которой отношение внутреннего диаметра выпуска для текучей среды трубки к диаметру по меньшей мере одного ограничивающего поток отверстия превышает 2:1.4. Форсунка по п.1 или 2, в котором осевая длина трубки по меньшей мере в 5 раз превышает внутренний диаметр выпуска для текучей среды трубки.5. Форсунка по п.1, в которой ограничивающие поток отверстия аксиально ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КРЕМНИЯ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КРЕМНИЯ

... 1. Реактор для поликристаллического кремния, в котором кремниевый затравочный стержень, установленный внутри реактора, нагревается посредством подачи электричества, причем газообразный исходный материал, подаваемый внутри реактора, имеет возможность вызывать реакцию, таким образом получая поликристаллический кремний на поверхности кремниевого затравочного стержня, ! при этом реактор для поликристаллического кремния содержит: патрубок для подачи газообразного исходного материала, установленный в нижней части реактора; и сопло для подачи газообразного исходного материала, которое проходит снизу вверх и которое крепится к патрубку для подачи газообразного исходного материала, обеспечивая соединение с возможностью сообщения, при этом верхний край сопла для подачи газообразного исходного материала устанавливается на высоте в пределах от -10 см до +5 см по отношению к верхнему краю электрода, который удерживает кремниевый затравочный стержень. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, в котором верхний край сопла ...

КОМПАКТНЫЙ РЕДУКТОР РЕФОРМИНГА

... 1. Реактор реформинга для превращения исходной жидкости в водород, включающий не менее чем один подающий патрубок, несущий поступающую на превращение исходную жидкость, секцию реформинга, находящуюся в закрытом объеме, секцию кипения и секцию горения, в котором названная секция реформинга содержит одну или несколько заполненных катализатором реформинга катализаторных трубок, названная секция кипения имеет один или несколько сквозных каналов для прохождения газообразных продуктов горения из секции горения, и названная секция горения снабжена не менее чем одной горелкой, при этом теплообменная среда, которая нужна для реформинга названной исходной жидкости в одной или в нескольких катализаторных трубках, представляет собой газожидкостную смесь, которая самопроизвольно циркулирует, находясь в названном закрытом объеме, и при этом по крайней мере часть названного закрытого объема находится внутри названной секции кипения. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, в котором часть названного закрытого объема, внутри ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ МНОГОФАЗНОГО КОНТАКТА И РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ГИДРОПРОЦЕССИНГА

... 1. Реакторная система, включающая:(а) корпус реактора;(b) подающее первичное распределительное устройство, расположенное в корпусе реактора; и(с) по меньшей мере, одно подающее вторичное распределительное устройство, расположенное под подающим первичным распределительным устройством в корпусе реактора, при этом,(d) подающее первичное распределительное устройство включает в себя первичную отклоняющую пластину и первую сопловую тарелку, расположенную под отклоняющей пластиной; и(е) упомянутое, по меньшей мере, одно подающее вторичное распределительное устройство содержит сборную тарелку и вторую сопловую тарелку, расположенную под сборной тарелкой, при этом первая сопловая тарелка и вторая сопловая тарелка, каждая, содержит множество сопел, каждое сопло содержит корпус сопла, включающий в себя дальнюю часть, имеющую, по меньшей мере, один впуск для жидкости, выполненный с возможностью прохождения через него жидкости, указанная дальняя часть корпуса ограничивает, по существу, цилиндрическую ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗЕРЕН И ГРАНУЛ СЕРЫ

... 1. Система для преобразования расплавленной серы в зерна серы, используемые для получения гранул серы, включающая:охлаждающую емкость, содержащую жидкость;первый распылитель, расположенный с указанной охлаждающей емкостью;расплавленную серу, распыленную указанным первым распылителем в указанную жидкость; изерна серы, образованные взаимодействием серы с указанной жидкостью.2. Система по п.1, в которой охлаждающая емкость представляет собой емкость со спиральным обезвоживателем, имеющую наклонное дно и винтовой конвейер.3. Система по п.2, в которой зерна серы транспортируются из охлаждающей емкости указанным винтовым конвейером.4. Система по п.3, дополнительно включающаягранулирующий барабан для укрупнения зерен серы до гранул серы, расположенный вблизи охлаждающей емкости, причем зерна серы транспортируются указанным винтовым конвейером в указанный гранулирующий барабан.5. Система по п.4, дополнительно включающаялинию отходов гранулирующего барабана, обеспечивающую сообщение посредством ...

ДОЗИРУЮЩЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

... 1. Дозирующее устройство (1) для жидких топлив, прежде всего для их подачи в химический риформер, в дожигатель для производства тепловой энергии, в выпускной тракт или в фильтр для улавливания твердых частиц, имеющий по меньшей мере один дозатор (2), предназначенный для дозирования топлива в дозирующий трубопровод (8), и подсоединенный к нему топливоподготовительный узел (7), подающий топливо в дозирующую камеру, отличающееся тем, что топливоподготовительный узел (7) выполнен в виде исключительно механического клапана (11). ! 2. Дозирующее устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что механический клапан (11) выполнен в виде открывающегося наружу клапана (11). ! 3. Дозирующее устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что механический клапан (11) имеет стержень (14) и возвратную пружину (15). ! 4. Дозирующее устройство по п.3, отличающееся тем, что стержень (14) клапана имеет буртик (18), на который опирается возвратная пружина (15). ! 5. Дозирующее устройство по п.3 или 4, отличающееся тем, что стержень ...

МНОГОСЛОЙНЫЙ РЕАКТОР С НИСХОДЯЩИМ ПОТОКОМ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ СМЕСИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭТОГО РЕАКТОРА, А ТАКЖЕ СПОСОБ СМЕШЕНИЯ

... 1. Многослойный реактор (10) с нисходящим потоком, содержащий слои (12, 13) из твердого контактного материала, расположенные на расстоянии друг от друга в вертикальном направлении, и смесительное устройство (20), размещенное в межслоевом пространстве (19), расположенном между соседними слоями (12, 13), при этом указанное смесительное устройство (20) содержитконтур из первых сопел (40), распределенных вокруг вертикальной оси (11) и выполненных с возможностью эжектирования текучей среды в первом направлении (41) эжекции в указанное межслоевое пространство (19); иконтур из вторых сопел (50), распределенных вокруг вертикальной оси (11) и выполненных с возможностью эжектирования текучей среды во втором направлении (51) эжекции в указанное межотраслевое пространство (19),при этом для каждого первого сопла (40) первое направление (41) эжекции представлено в локальной ортогональной системе из трех первых векторов эжекции, образованной первым радиальным вектором (42) эжекции, проходящим перпендикулярно ...

Способ получения полиолефинов

Способ полимеризации газообразных мономеров

Wärmetauscheranordnung zur Übertragung von Reformatenergie an Dampf und Luft

Es ist eine Wärmetauscherkonstruktion zur optimalen Übertragung von Wärmeenergie zwischen einen Primärreaktor verlassendem Reformat und in den Primärreaktor eintretenden Dampf und Luft vorgesehen. Insbesondere umfasst eine Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung einen hauptflächengetreuen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauscher, der um den Primärreaktor herum positioniert ist.

VERFAHREN ZUR EINFUEHRUNG VON DREI SUBSTITUENTEN IN DAS CYANURCHLORID

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR TROCKENENTFERNUNG VON VERUNREINIGUNGEN AUS GASSTRÖMEN.

Device for introducing a fuel/air mixture into a burner of a motor vehicle heating device comprises a nozzle, a fuel feed and holding devices arranged one after the other in an axial direction

Device for introducing a fuel/air mixture into a burner (12) comprises a nozzle (20), a fuel feed (70) with a fuel needle, and devices for holding the components. At least two axially aligned assembly bolts (68) are fixed on the burner. The nozzle and the fuel feed have positioning devices (84) interacting with the assembly bolts. The holding devices interact with the assembly bolts. The burner, nozzle, fuel feed and holding devices are arranged one after the other in an axial direction. An Independent claim is also included for a process for assembling the above device. Preferred Features: The holding devices are springs (72) held on the assembly bolts by clamping plates (74).

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylencopolymeren

Production of unsaturated hydrocarbon, e.g. ethylene or propylene, involves thermal cleavage of optionally unsaturated hydrocarbon with injection of hot gas containing alkyl radicals and-or hydrogen atoms

A method for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage of saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons involves injecting into the reaction space a hot gas containing alkyl radicals and/or hydrogen atoms obtained by the thermal or non-thermal cleavage of suitable precursors. A method (M1) for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons (I) by thermal cleavage of saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons (II) involves: (a) passing a starting stream containing hot gaseous (II) into a reactor fitted with gas inlet(s); (b) passing in (through these inlet(s)) hot gas containing alkyl radicals and/or hydrogen atoms obtained by the thermal or non-thermal cleavage of corresponding precursors (III) (in the case of thermal cleavage, the temperature of this hot gas is at least that of the reaction mixture at the reactor inlet; for non-thermal cleavage, the temperature of the hot gas is at least the dew point temperature of the reaction mixture at the reactor inlet); and (c) adjusting ...

Tauchreaktor

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) für die Zugabe von Chlordioxid in Wasser, mit einer ersten Zuleitung (5a) für die Zuleitung einer ersten Reaktionskomponente, mit einer zweiten Zuleitung (5b) für die Zuleitung einer zweiten Reaktionskomponente, mit einem Mischrohr (2) zum Vermischen und Umsetzen beider Reaktionskomponenten zu Chlordioxid, an dessen einem Ende beide Zuleitungen (5a, 5b) münden und an dessen anderem Ende eine Saugkammer (4) angeordnet ist, in welche mittels einer Düse (12) mit Chlordioxid anzureichendes Zuwasser eindüsbar ist, und mit einer aus der Saugkammer (4) stromabwärts führenden Abwasserleitung (13). Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde eine solche Vorrichtung so weiterzubilden, dass sie einfach und robust aufgebaut ist und eine gefahrlose Durchführung verschiedener, auf zwei Reaktionskomponenten beruhenden Chlordioxidsynthesen gestattet. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass das Mischrohr (2) mit einer Beitrittsöffnung (10) für den Beitritt von mit Chiordioxid ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Perfluorkohlenstoff

Device for inserting educts into a reactor used in autothermal reactors for reforming hydrocarbons comprises an educt preparation zone in the flow direction of the educts followed by a mixing zone and a distribution zone

Device for inserting educts into a reactor containing a catalyst material on support elements comprises an educt preparation zone in the flow direction of the educts followed by a mixing zone (5) and a distribution zone (4) arranged in the reactor integrated in the flow direction before the support elements. Preferred Features: The mixing zone is formed as an external or internal mixing zone for forming a mixture of least two different materials (H2O, CnHm, air). A flow distributor (8) formed as a perforated sheet material is arranged in the flow direction of the educts between the distribution zone and the support elements.

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Umsetzung von Cyanurfluorid mit Aminen.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG EINES WÄSSRIGEN MEDIUMS

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Materialbehandlung in einem Schwingfeuer-Reaktor

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung eines Rohstoffes in einem schwingenden Heißgasstrom (12) eines Schwingfeuerreaktors, mit einem Brenner (1), der über wenigstens eine Leitung ein Massenstrom (10) zur Bildung wenigstens einer Flamme (11) zugeführt wird, die den schwingenden Heißgasstrom (12) erzeugt, wobei die Flamme (11) in einer Brennkammer (13) angeordnet ist und wobei sich ein Reaktionsraum (16) stromab an die Brennkammer (13) anschließt. Damit man von den Abmessung der Vorrichtung unabhängig ist, wird vorgeschlagen, den der Flamme zugeführten Massenstrom mit einer extern aufgeprägten Pulsation zu versehen. Die Brennkammer und/oder der Reaktionsraum können dann zur Vermeidung von Resonanzen in der Geometrie veränderbar sein.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON METHYLFORMIAT

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Reaktion zwischen gasförmigen und festen Reaktanten in einer fluidisierten Partikelschicht

In order to allow gaseous and solid reactants to react in a fluidized particle layer a fluidizing gas normally flows through a loose pile of primary particles lifting the pile and thereby creating a fluidized particle layer and reacting with said primary particles. A procedure whereby a solid powder loaded stream (11) is accelerated to supersonic speeds by means of a supersonic nozzle (4) and a carrier gas and is blown in transversally to the main stream direction of flow of the fluidizing gas in the fluidized particle layer is also known in prior art. In order to increase the solid load and the depth of penetration of the carrier gas stream (11), a carrier gas stream (11) which first exits the supersonic nozzle (4) and comprises a solid powder, is blown via a diffuser (2) disposed opposite to said supersonic nozzle (4) into a fluidized particle layer. In this invention a simple and operationally secure reactor is provided in order to perform said method characterized in that it has a supersonic ...

VERFAHREN, MODUL UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM KONTAKTIEREN EINES GASES UND EINER FLÜSSIGKEIT

WIRBELBETTGRANULIERVORRICHTUNG

HERSTELLUNG VON STEREOREGULÄREN POLYMEREN

Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von in Pulverform oder als Granulat vorliegenden Stoffen

VERFAHREN UND REAKTOR ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NORBORNEN

Verfahren zum Regenerieren eines Reformers

Verfahren zum Regenerieren eines Reformers, dem im kontinuierlichen Betrieb Brennstoff (12, 14) und Oxidationsmittel (16, 18, 20) zugeführt wird, wobei die Zuführrate des Brennstoffs (12, 14) zum Zwecke der Regeneration gegenüber der Zuführrate im kontinuierlichen Betrieb herabgesetzt wird, die Zuführrate des Brennstoffs (12, 14) während mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Zeitintervalle gegenüber der Zuführrate im kontinuierlichen Betrieb herabgesetzt ist und zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Zeitintervallen die Zuführrate des Brennstoffs (12, 14) größer ist als während der aufeinanderfolgenden Zeitintervalle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reformer zwei Brennstoffzuführungen aufweist, wobei eine der Brennstoffzuführungen während der Regeneration mit einer Zuführrate arbeitet, die der Zuführrate im kontinuierlichen Betrieb im Wesentlichen entspricht.

Thermoplastische Polyurethane

Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastischem Polyurethan, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung der thermoplastischen Polyurethane mischt und, die Mischung enthaltend, die Ausgangsstoffe versprüht.

VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINES RISERREAKTORS

VERTEILVORRICHTUNG FÜR ZWEIPHASEN-ABWÄRTSGLEICHSTROMBEHÄLTER SOWIE VERTEILVERFAHREN

Improvements relating to the refining of waste oil

Means and method for mixing a particulate material and a liquid

Molten salt treatment system and process

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING SILICON FROM FLUOSILICIC ACID

Process and apparatus for obtaining silicon from fluosilicic acid

Process for producing low cost, high purity solar grade Si wherein a reduction reaction, preferably the reduction of SiF4, by an alkali metal (Na preferred) is carried out by jetting a spray of reactants into a reaction chamber at a rate and temperature which causes the reaction to take place far enough away from the entry region to avoid plugging of reactants at the entry region and wherein separation in the melt is carried out continuously from the reaction and the Si can be cast directly from the melt.

Molten salt treatment system and process

A molten salt treatment system and process can include one or more tubular conduits flowably connected to a molten salt reactor, the tubular conduit containing concentrically within it a pipe or a shaft separated by an annular space therebetween, and one or more gas sources connected to feed gas into the annular space. The system may include a scrubbing device flowably connected to a molten salt reactor off-gas outlet to receive an off-gas, a first heating device configured to heat the effluent front the scrubbing device, and a filtering device flowably connected to receive the effluent from the heating device. An overflow conduit may be flowably connected to a molten salt reactor overflow outlet to receive molten salt therefrom and discharge the molten salt to a salt recovery vessel, and a blower or other gas mover may be connected to the molten salt reactor and the recovery vessel to prevent backflow of cold gases through the overflow outlet to the molten salt reactor.

Molten salt treatment system and process

FLUIDISED BED APPARATUS

High temperature multiphase injection device

An injection apparatus, which may be for use in a high temperature, high pressure reactor, has a nozzle with a plurality of passages 10, 20b, 30b. The nozzle may have a main passage 10 with at least one concentric secondary passage 20b, 30b, for fluid, gas or solid media. The nozzle may inject media into the reactor at different angles, creating turbulence. Passages may or may not be isolated from each other, e.g using a splitter. The nozzle may act as a heat exchanger whereby oxidant media passing through the nozzle is preheated to near-process temperatures while maintaining cooling at the nozzle tips to prolong service life. Coolant may flow through a passage, cooling the nozzle shell. Nozzle passages may incorporate measurement instruments, e.g. flame detection means, pilot lights and a probe.

Gas-liquid contactors

The gas-liquid contactor, e.g. a reactor or a spray-drier for slurries is of the kind having a contactor body 1 with its axis directed substantially vertically, a throat 2 formed in the lower or upper part of the body and having an inside diameter smaller than that of the body, a cyclone provided below or above the throat and larger in inside diameter than the throat, and a nozzle shaft 4 held substantially vertically in the throat or cyclone. The nozzle may direct liquid upward, as shown, or downwardly. The invention is characterised in that a plurality of flow-velocity-control vanes 5 are mounted on the nozzle shaft; if appropriate, these vanes may each be formed with a plurality of perforations. It has been found that, by use of such vanes, there is an improved distribution of the axial and spiral velocity components in the vicinity of the throat compared with conventional apparatus, with a consequent improvement in mixing of the gas and liquid fed therethrough. ...

REACTOR SUITABLE FOR REACTIONS BETWEEN TWO FLUIDS

... 1422246 Reactor; mixing apparatus ETABS GARDINIER SA 13 March 1973 [20 Sept 1972] 11904/73 Headings B1C and B1F [Also in Division Cl] In mixing/reaction apparatus, Fig. 1, comprising coaxial pipes 4, 6 liquefied or gaseous ammonia and aqueous phosphoric acid are admitted through tangential inlets 5 and 7 respectively, and the reaction product leaves at 13. Wheel 6 can be rotated to move a piston 8 axially to control the amount of phosphoric acid entering from 7. The apparatus may be heated and cleaned with steam introduced through pipes 10 and 11. Thus in Ex. 1, mono ammonium phosphate having a strength of 12% N 2 and 52% P 2 O 5 is formed by reacting aqueous phosphoric acid comprising 50% P 2 O 5 at a pressure of 6-7 bars and at # 150‹C. In Ex. 2, ammonium polyphosphates having a N 2 strength of 11 % and a P 2 O 5 strength of 58% is prepared by reacting 56% aqueous phosphoric acid and ammonia at 7 bars, and mono-ammonium phosphate having a strength of 10% N 2 and 52% P 2 O 5 is formed ...

NOZZLE FOR CHEMICAL REACTION PROCESS

... 1361533 Gas contact apparatus GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 29 March 1972 [6 April 1971] 14668/72 Heading B1F [Also in Divisions C1 and F4] To prevent reaction flame 28 contacting the bottom of inlet nozzle 18, a shield gas is introduced at 19 which flows through annular apertures in plate 26 to prevent a first gas which is passing down tubes 25 from contacting a second gas in reactor 9 until well away from the bottom of tube 18. The use of the apparatus in the production of uranium dioxide is described in which a mixture of uranium hexafluoride and oxygen containing gas is fed in through tubes 25 via inlet 21, a reducing gas is introduced through tubes 13, and an inert shielding gas is introduced via inlet 19.

Nozzle

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFATES

... 1,209,159. Sulphates; volatile acids. CLIMAX CHEMICAL CO. 12 Dec., 1967 [28 Feb., 1967], No. 56347/67. Heading C1A. Sulphate granules and an acid gas more volatile than sulphuric acid which is HCI, HF or H 3 PO 4 acid are produced by reacting H 2 SO 4 with the salt of said volatile acid, e.g. NaCl, KCl, CaF 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , by feeding into a reaction zone the salt and a gas in such a volume and at a temperature to maintain the salt particles in a fluidized state and to maintain the reaction temperature between 700‹ and 1000‹ F., and spraying the H 2 SO 4 acid in liquid form into the salt particles. The gas can be air or acid vapours from a H 2 SO 4 acid plant converter or combustion gases or mixtures thereof. The acid spray is preferably substantially surrounded with the hot gas and/or salt feed streams in the reaction zone. In one embodiment the reactor is provided with an eccentric conical bottom 12 through which extends a sparger 14. Sparger 14 is supplied with H 2 SO 4 pumped ...

Fluidised-bed reactor

A shaft furnace for reacting two gases, e.g. metal halides and oxygen, in a fluidized bed of inert solid particles, is provided at its base with separate sets of passageways for the individual reactant gases which fluidize the bed, each passageway containing a constriction such that the pressure drop thereacross is equal to at least half that from bottom to top of the bed when fluidized. The constrictions are preferably in the form of removable discs having a central orifice. The passageways are so arranged in the base that the separate gases intermingle in the bed. The inert solid has a particle size of 40-1000m and the furnace has a diameter of at least 15 inches. Specific reference is made to the production of titanium dioxide from titanium tetrachloride and oxygen and aluminium trioxide from aluminium trichloride and oxygen according to the process described and claimed in Specification 919,019, Fig. 1 shows furnace 1 having a heat insulating base through which the fluidizing reactant ...

REACTOR FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE FROM HYDROCARBONS

... 1482975 Burners V U SHEVCHUK I M ROMANJUK A M ZELIZNY and O N YAVORSKY 5 June 1975 24236/75 Heading F4T [Also in Division C5] A burner (shown in cross-section in Fig. 3) for use in the production of acetylene by the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon comprises an annular casing 3, double-walled for the passage of coolant, a central portion 7 within the casing, an annular wall 6 between the casing and the central portion to form therewith outer 4 and inner 8 openings, and blades 9, 10 forming in the openings helical passages to create swirling gas flows, and ducts for feeding oxygen into the reactor housing attached to the burner. These ducts 15, 12 may extend axially through the central portion of the nozzle, axially through the annular wall 6, and longitudinally through the blades 8 in the outer nozzle opening.

FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND PROCESS

Reactive crystallization method to improve particle size.

This invention provides a method of conducting a simultaneous chemical reaction and controlled crystallization of the product employing impinging fluid jet streams containing reactants capable of producing the product with desired particle size characteristics.

Device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids and method of making peroxomonosulphuric acid with the device

Reactive cyrstallization method to improve particle size

FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND PROCESS

Fluid shockwave reactor

Device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquidsand method of making peroxomonosulphuric acid wit h the device

Process for converting synthesis gas into higher hydrocarbons.

Sophisticated tubular engine for the manufacture of ammonium phosphates containing of the sulphate of ammonia.

Reactive crystallization method to improve particle size.

New tubular engine.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process carried out on a floatable structure.

Apparatus for producing nitrate granules.

FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND PROCESS

Fluid shockwave reactor

Device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquidsand method of making peroxomonosulphuric acid wit h the device

Fluid shockwave reactor

Device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquidsand method of making peroxomonosulphuric acid wit h the device

Reactive cyrstallization method to improve particle size

PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC EXECUTION OF HYDROFORMYLIERUNGEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRISUBSTITUTED S-TRIAZINEN

Устройство для утилизации сточной воды

Полезная модель относится устройствам для утилизации сточных вод, в частности, после помывки личного состава в полевых условиях, когда не возможна ее очистка или слив на грунт.Технической задачей полезной модели является утилизация сточной воды путем превращения ее в пар.Техническая задача выполняется за счет того, что устройство для утилизации сточной воды отличается тем, что внутри корпус делится на две неравные половины стенкой, на которой жестко зафиксирован разделитель, лопасть дугообразной формы, а также проделано отверстие для пара, а в нижней части жестко зафиксирована перемычка, в нижней части корпуса подвижно крепится сборник, сливное отверстие, через входное отверстие в боковой стенке неподвижно фиксируется форсунка, в верхней части крепится заливная горловина и отвод. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 169 237 U1 (51) МПК B01D 1/14 (2006.01) B01J 19/26 (2006.01) C02F 1/04 (2006.01) C02F 11/18 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ФОРМУЛА ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016123875, 15.06.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 15.06.2016 13.03.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 15.06.2016 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (RU) Адрес для переписки: 199034, Санкт-Петербург, наб. адмирала Макарова, 8, ВАМТО, ООНР U 1 1 6 9 2 3 7 R U Термическое обезвреживание минерализованных промышленных сточных вод, Ленинград, "Химия",1975, с. 64-69, фиг. II-3, II-5. CN 103241886 B, 09.07.2014. ПРОСКУРЯКОВ В.А., ШМИДТ Л.И., Очистка сточных вод в химической промышленности, Ленинград, "Химия", 1977, с. 181-189. (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ СТОЧНОЙ ВОДЫ (57) Формула полезной модели Устройство для утилизации сточной воды, отличающееся тем, что внутри корпус делится на две ...

Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing

Systems and apparatus for mixing, cooling, and distributing multiphase fluid mixtures within a reactor, wherein reactor internal apparatus of the present invention provides not only improved fluid mixing and distribution to each underlying catalyst bed surface, but also offers other advantages including: decreased mixing tray height; easier maintenance, assembly and disassembly; and decreased amounts of fabrication material. In an embodiment, fluid may be evenly distributed to a catalyst bed from a fluid distribution unit comprising a nozzle tray including a plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzles include at least one liquid inlet disposed tangentially to an inner surface of the nozzle.

Method and device for preventing corrosion on a gas inlet nozzle during nitric acid condensation

By a method and a device for preventing corrosion on and in the region of a gas inlet nozzle during nitric acid condensation, contact of the condensing gas with the nozzle and with the surroundings of the nozzle are supposed to be minimized. This is achieved in that the gas inlet nozzle has a sleeve on the inside in the transition region to the interior of the condenser, by which sleeve a gas inlet orifice in the form of an annular gap is formed, whereby the annular space is provided with at least one feed opening for secondary air, so that an enveloping flow of secondary air is produced around the entering NO gas.

Cavitation reactor

Cavitation reactor for hydrodynamic generation of homogeneous, oscillating cavitation bubbles in a fluid, including, while forming a flow duct and arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the fluid, an acceleration section designed to increase a flow velocity, a diaphragm arranged transversely to the direction of flow with a plurality of micro-passages designed for generating cavitation bubbles, where at least 10 micro-passages per cm 2 are provided over an entire flow cross-sectional surface defined on an oncoming flow side of the diaphragm, a stabilization section designed for stabilizing an oscillation of cavitation bubbles, and a collapse section with at least one widening of a flow cross-sectional surface of the flow duct in the direction of flow.

Methods and Systems for Upgrading Hydrocarbon

Methods and systems for upgrading hydrocarbon are described. The system can include a combustor and a nozzle reactor. The combustor can be used to produce a motive fluid suitable for use in the nozzle reactor. The motive fluid produced by the combustor and a hydrocarbon stream can be injected into the nozzle reactor to upgrade the hydrocarbon material. The systems and methods can also be integrated with a steam assisted gravity drainage system.

Gas-Liquid Contactor

A contactor for reacting a flow of gas with a liquid, comprises a vessel, a first chamber in the vessel and a second chamber in the vessel, the first and second chambers being linked only by a porous wall, and means for directing ultrasonic noise into at least one of the first and second chambers.

Vacuum recycling apparatus and method for refining solar grade polysilicon

A vacuum recycling apparatus for refining solar grade polysilicon is provided which contains a vacuum degassing (VD) device and a vacuum recycling (RH) device. By storing liquid silicon in a bucket in the VD device, controlling the pressure inside the VD and RH devices, and introducing inert gas into the apparatus, the liquid silicon is stirred for the removal of impurities. With the present invention, solar grade polysilicon can be directly produced with a specified purity, significantly reducing the production time and cost.

High-speed mixing reactor and application thereof

Disclosed is a rapid mixing reactor, comprising a first feed-in passage housing, a reactor housing, a second feed-in passage, a hollow blade-wheel feed distributor, a rotation shaft, and a first feed distributor, wherein the first feed-in passage housing and the reactor housing are constructed coaxially and communicated with each other; the second feed-in passage, the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor and the rotation shaft each are fixed in connection with each other in the sequence along the central axis of the reactor; the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor is located within the reactor housing and rotates axially under the driving force of the rotation shaft; the second feed-in passage is connected with the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor; the first feed-in passage housing is set up with at least one first feed-in inlet therein; the reactor housing is set up with at least one reaction liquid outlet at its distal end; and the first feed distributor and the hollow blade-wheel feed distributor are provided with first feed-in jetting hole(s) and second feed-in jetting hole(s), respectively. The reactor is capable of effecting instantaneously rapid mixing of two streams of fluid under a massive capacity, and improving the yield and quality of the target product.

Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with water mist

A hydrocarbon-containing gas is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas mixer in the presence of a water mist. The water mist surrounds and contacts entrained particles in either the oxygen-containing gas stream or the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream. The water acts to suppress and prevent ignition of the hydrocarbon gas in the mixer by serving as a sink for heat created by energetic collisions between such particles and structures within the gas mixer. The water mist also acts to quench ignition caused by such collisions. The water mist can be introduced into the gas mixer in a number of different configurations, including via nozzles injecting a mist into a hydrocarbon gas manifold or an oxygen gas manifold, nozzles placed within the gas mixer adjacent to ends of the oxygen supply pipes, and nozzles placed coaxially within the oxygen supply pipes in the gas mixer.

FLUID SHOCKWAVE REACTOR

The present invention relates to a fluid shockwave reactor. The fluid shockwave reactor introduces laser resonance theory into the field of fluid physics. It consists of a shockwave resonance energy concentration device and at least one set of jet collision device. The shockwave resonance energy concentration device can enhance the shockwave strength produced during jet collisions; strengthen the ultrahigh pressure and cavitation effect of the shockwave field; it can also intensify physical and chemical effects on the processed materials. The fluid shockwave reactor can achieve ultrafine crushing on the fluid materials with lower energy consumption. Under certain technological conditions, the fluid shockwave reactor may also effectively catalytize the chemical reaction process on fluid materials. 1. A fluid shockwave reactor , comprising a shockwave resonance energy concentration device and at least one set of jet collision device ,wherein said jet collision device is composed of two sets of coaxial and opposite nozzle parts, each of said two sets of coaxial and opposite nozzle parts having the same nozzle,wherein said shockwave resonance energy concentration device is a chamber combined with rigid spherical concave surfaces or other rigid convergent surfaces configured to reunite the shockwaves emitted from a focus and converge them back to said focus to produce new shockwaves,wherein said chamber has a jet orifice that holds said nozzle parts and a discharge port that permits outflow of the processed fluid from said chamber,wherein a mid-point between said two nozzles is the location where jet collisions occur and is disposed at a center of said spherical concave surfaces or said focus of all combined convergent surfaces,wherein a sum of the cross-sectional area of said discharge port is greater than a total cross-sectional area of all of said nozzles, and the cross-sectional area of said discharge port and the open position of said discharge port keeps ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUSPENSIONS OR WET PASTES OF NANOPOWDERS OR ULTRA-FINE POWDERS

A device and a method for producing suspensions or wet pastes of nanoparticles or ultra-fine particles. The method comprises: introducing a flow of particles of nanometric or submicronic size into a first compartment of a chamber having a bulk density between 15 and 100 g/L; forming, in the first compartment, a spray of droplets between 1 and 10 micrometres in size, by injecting a solvent in liquid or gas form into a second compartment of the device and passing said solvent through the filtering means, the solvent being chosen from the solvents which are liquid at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure; stopping the formation of the spray when the entire quantity of particles contained in the first compartment forms, as required, with the solvent, a suspension comprising between 80 and 99.9% solvent, if the solvent is introduced into the second compartment in liquid form, or a wet paste comprising between 1 and 10% solvent, if the solvent is introduced into the second compartment in gas form; recovering the suspension or wet paste formed. 1. A device for producing a suspension or a wet paste of particles of nanometric or submicronic size , comprising:a chamber having a first and a second compartment arranged on top of each other;filtering means arranged in the chamber between the first and second compartments, said means being suitable for preventing the-passage of particles of nanometric or submicronic size, while enabling passage of a fluid, from one compartment to the other;means for introducing a flow of particles of nanometric or submicronic size having a bulk density between 15 and 100 g/L, situated in the first compartment;means for discharging gas, situated in the second compartment;means for injecting at least one fluid, situated in the second compartment, suitable for creating a flow from the filtering means, said flow being inverted with respect to the flow created by the means for introducing a gas flow;means for outputting suspension or wet ...

NOZZLE REACTOR AND METHOD OF USE

A nozzle reactor includes a passage having one or more regions with a converging-diverging shape. The nozzle reactor accelerates a reacting fluid to supersonic velocities and mixes it with a feed material. The reacting fluid and the feed material may be pre-heated. The high speed collision between the reacting fluid and the feed material at elevated temperatures causes the materials to react. 1. A nozzle reactor comprising:a main passage including a first region followed by a second region, the first region and the second region each including a convergent section, a throat, and a divergent section;a feed passage in fluid communication with the main passage; anda distributor positioned in the feed passage, the distributor including a plurality of non-circular injection holes configured to annularly distribute flow from the feed passage to the main passage;wherein the distributor distributes flow from the feed passage into the main passage at a location between the throat in the first region and the throat in the second region.2. The nozzle reactor of wherein the main passage expands between the location where the distributor distributes flow into the main passage and the throat in the second region.3. The nozzle reactor of wherein the cross-sectional area of the throat in the second region is at least twice as large as the cross sectional area of the throat in the first region.4. The nozzle reactor of comprising a head portion coupled to a body portion claim 1 , the head portion including the first region and the body portion including the second region.5. The nozzle reactor of wherein the distributor is a physically separate component capable of being removed from the nozzle reactor and replaced.6. The nozzle reactor of comprising a wear ring through which the main passage passes claim 1 , the wear ring being positioned immediately adjacent to and downstream of the location where the distributor distributes flow into the main passage claim 1 , wherein the wear ring ...

NOZZLE REACTOR AND METHOD OF USE

Embodiments of a nozzle reactor of the type useable to inject a first material feed stock and a second material feed stock to cause interaction between the first material feed stock and second material feed stock are described herein. According to some embodiments, the nozzle reactor may crack residual oil produced by other processing units in a refinery process. Furthermore, nozzle reactors may replace traditional processing units of a refinery process, such as cokers, hydrocrackers and deasphalting units. 1. A feed material cracking method comprising:injecting a stream of cracking material through a cracking material injector into a reaction chamber; andinjecting residual oil into the reaction chamber adjacent to the cracking material injector and traverse to the stream of cracking material entering the reaction chamber from the cracking material injector.2. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the residual oil comprises asphaltene.3. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of mixing the asphaltene with a solvent prior to injecting the asphlatene into the reaction chamber.4. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene claim 3 , Aromatic 100 claim 3 , Aromatic 150 claim 3 , and vacuum gasoil.5. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the asphaltene and solvent are mixed at a asphaltene:solvent ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1.6. The feed material cracking method as claimed claim 1 , wherein the residual oil comprises coke.7. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising the steps of:grinding the coke to thereby form up ground coke; andmixing the ground coke with a solvent prior to injecting the ground coke into the reaction chamber.8. The feed material cracking method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein grinding the coke comprises grinding the coke to a ...

APPARATUS FOR LIQUEFACTION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A carbonaceous material liquefaction apparatus which uses a nozzle assembly to supply a pressurised liquid towards a carbonaceous material as a high velocity liquid. A supply line () supplies the high pressure liquid to the nozzle assembly (). The high velocity liquid reacts with the carbonaceous material () in a reaction zone () to produce a processed carbonaceous material. A product return line () returns the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid to a processing plant. The processing plant comprises a heat exchanger () to transfer heat from the product return line to the supply line, a high pressure pump () to provide the high pressure liquid to the supply line, a separator () in the product return line downstream of the heat exchanger to separate gas () and oil () product from the entrained liquid, at least part of the liquid () being recycled () to the high pressure pump. The reaction can be carried out in-situ or in an above ground reaction chamber (). 1. A carbonaceous material liquefaction apparatus comprising a nozzle assembly to supply a pressurised liquid with superheated or supercritical properties towards a carbonaceous material as a high velocity liquid , a supply line to supply the high pressure liquid to the nozzle assembly , the high velocity liquid reacting with the carbonaceous material to produce an upgraded or liquefied carbonaceous material , a product return line to return the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid to a processing plant , the processing plant comprising a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the product return line to the supply line , a high pressure pump to provide the high pressure liquid to the supply line , a separator in the product return line downstream of the heat exchanger to separate gas and oil product from the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid , and a recycle line to transfer at least part of the liquid from the separator to the high pressure pump.2. A carbonaceous ...

PLASMA REACTOR GAS DISTRIBUTION PLATE WITH RADIALLY DISTRIBUTED PATH SPLITTING MANIFOLD

In a showerhead assembly, a path splitting manifold comprises a gas supply inlet and a planar floor and plural gas outlets extending axially through the floor and azimuthally distributed about the floor. The path splitting manifold further comprises a plurality of channels comprising plural paths between the inlet and respective ones of the plural outlets. A gas distribution showerhead underlies the floor of the manifold and is open to the plural outlets. In certain embodiments, the plural paths are of equal lengths. 1. A gas distribution showerhead assembly for use in a plasma reactor , comprising:a gas supply lid having a bottom surface, and a gas supply port in said bottom surface;a manifold plate having top and bottom manifold surfaces, said top manifold surface facing said bottom surface of said gas supply lid;a showerhead plate facing said bottom manifold surface and an array of plural gas injection orifices extending through said showerhead plate and distributed in both a radial direction and in an azimuthal direction; (a) plural manifold orifices extending through said manifold plate and located along a radial location;', '(b) plural top surface channels in said top manifold surface and defining plural top paths of generally equal lengths between said gas supply port and respective ones of said manifold orifices;', '(c) plural bottom surface channels formed in said bottom manifold surface and defining plural bottom paths of generally equal lengths between respective ones of said manifold orifices and respective ones of said plural gas injection orifices., 'a gas distribution manifold comprising2. The apparatus of wherein said plural top surface channels constitute a hierarchy of channels recursively coupled at their midpoints to outputs of other channels of said hierarchy.3. The apparatus of wherein said plural bottom surface channels comprise plural arcuate bottom surface channels at respective radial locations and plural radial bottom surface channels ...

DEVICES FOR INJECTION OF GASEOUS STREAMS INTO A BED OF FLUIDIZED SOLIDS

Injection nozzles for use in a gas distribution device are disclosed. In one aspect, the injection nozzle may include: a tube having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; wherein the inlet comprises a plurality of flow restriction orifices. In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to an injection nozzle for use in a gas distribution device, the injection nozzle including: a tube having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; wherein the fluid inlet comprises an annular orifice surrounding a flow restriction device. Injection nozzles according to embodiments disclosed herein may be disposed in a gas distribution manifold used in a vessel, for example, for conducting polymerization reactions, spent catalyst regeneration, and coal gasification, among others. 1. A gas distribution apparatus , comprising:a distribution manifold in fluid communication with a gas source and a plurality of injection nozzles;each of the plurality of injection nozzles comprising a fluid inlet disposed within the distribution manifold and a fluid outlet;wherein the fluid inlet comprises a plurality of flow restriction orifices.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid outlet is proximate an outer circumference of the distribution manifold.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tube outlet is external to an outer circumference of the distribution manifold.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of flow restriction orifices comprises a plurality of radial flow restriction orifices distributed circumferentially through the tube.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein an axial end of the tube proximate the plurality of radial flow restrictions orifices is capped.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of an inner diameter of the tube outlet to a diameter of a radial flow restriction orifice is greater than 2:1.7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of radial flow restriction orifices are disposed through the tube a length L from an axial end of the tube ...

Apparatus for microdroplet generation via liquid bridge breakup

An apparatus for microdroplet generation via liquid bridge breakup, which can efficiently generate microdroplets using liquid bridge breakup without using a complicated mechanical device. The apparatus includes: two substrate plates having respective hydrophilic surfaces; a protrusion provided on a side surface of either of the two substrate plates so as to maintain a predetermined space between the two substrate plates; and a spacer provided on ends of the two substrate plates and spacing the two substrate plates from each other, thereby inducing liquid bridge breakup.

Production of aromatics from a methane conversion process

Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to a process stream having aromatic compounds. The acetylene stream can be reacted to generate larger hydrocarbon compounds, which are passed to a cyclization and aromatization reactor to generate aromatics. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon oxides in the hydrocarbon stream.

Removal of nitrogen containing compounds and methane conversion process using a supersonic flow reactor

Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of nitrogen contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of amines in the hydrocarbon stream.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Methane Conversion Apparatus and Process with Improved Mixing Using a Supersonic Flow Reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A supersonic reactor is used for receiving the methane feed stream and heating the methane feed stream to a pyrolysis temperature. A high temperature carrier stream passes through the reactor chamber at supersonic speeds. According to various aspects, a static mixer is provided for mixing the methane feed stream and the carrier stream.

Methane conversion apparatus and process using a supersonic flow reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Methane Conversion Apparatus and Process Using a Supersonic Flow Reactor

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Taxane Particles and Their Use

Compositions are provided that include having at least 95% by weight of a taxane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where the particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cm3 and about 0.15 g/cm3, and/or a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 18 m2/g, 20 m2/g, 25 m2/g, 30 m2/g, 32 m2/g, 34 m2/g, or 35 m2/g. Methods for making and using such compositions are also provided.

Chute Type Monomer Dispenser

A chute type monomer dispenser is provided in the present disclosure. The chute type monomer dispenser includes a chute dispenser installed to be slanted in a direction of a polymerization apparatus, the chute dispenser is configured to inject monomer to the polymerization apparatus through an injection pipe having an injection portion having an opening at an upper portion of the chute dispenser; and an injector configured to inject an initiator and a foaming agent to the injection portion. 1. A chute type monomer dispenser comprising:a chute dispenser installed to be slanted in a direction of a polymerization apparatus, the chute dispenser configured to inject a monomer to the polymerization apparatus through an injection pipe;an injection portion having an opening at an upper portion of the chute dispenser; andan injector configured to inject an initiator and a foaming agent to the injection portion.2. The chute type monomer dispenser of claim 1 , whereinthe chute dispenser further comprises:a dispenser body on which the monomer is moved in the direction of the polymerization apparatus; andguide portions formed at sides of the dispenser body configured to guild a movement of the monomer.3. The chute type monomer dispenser of claim 2 , whereinthe dispenser body hasa slanted movement portion on which the monomer, the initiator, and the foaming agent are moved in the direction of the polymerization apparatus.4. The chute type monomer dispenser of claim 3 , whereinthe guide portions further comprises:a first guide protrusion protruding at a first edge of a first side of the slanted movement portion; anda second guide protrusion protruding at a second edge of a second side of the slanted movement portion, the second side being opposed to the first side.5. The chute type monomer dispenser of claim 4 , whereinthe slanted movement portion is formed in a fan shape from a portion where the first guide protrusion and the second guide protrusion are connected to each other.6. ...

VORTEX WATER FLOW GENERATOR, WATER PLASMA GENERATOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR MOUNTED VEHICLE, AND DECOMPOSITION METHOD

A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings. 1. A vortex water flow generator placed between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a water plasma generator that injects a water plasma , the water plasma becoming a jet stream by dissociating or ionizing water to form a vortex water flow having a cavity for passing are discharge generated between the negative and positive electrodes , the vortex water flow generator comprising:a cylindrical portion configured to form the vortex water flow along an inner circumference;a middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion;a one-end-side partition disposed in one end side of the cylindrical portion to face the negative electrode; andthe-other-end-side partition disposed in the other end side of the cylindrical portion,wherein each of the partitions has an opening in a position including a center axis line of the cylindrical portion, the openings having different opening shapes in size,the middle partition and the-other-end-side partition have surfaces at the negative electrode side, the surfaces being formed by ...

NOZZLE DESIGN FOR IONIC LIQUID CATALYZED ALKYLATION

Systems for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion comprise a reactor vessel, a mixing device in fluid communication with the reactor vessel, and at least one circulation loop in fluid communication with the reactor vessel and the mixing device. The mixing device may comprise an upper venturi, at least one feed injection component, and a lower venturi. Such systems may be used for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation reactions. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion are also disclosed. 1. A system for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion , the system comprising:a reactor vessel having a top; anda mixing device disposed at the top of the reactor vessel, wherein the mixing device comprises:an upper venturi having an axial outlet at the upper venturi distal end, the upper venturi distal end disposed within the reactor vessel,at least one feed injection array disposed within the reactor vessel, each said feed injection array coaxial with the upper venturi, anda lower venturi having an axial inlet at the lower venturi proximal end, the lower venturi proximal end disposed within the reactor vessel, wherein:the lower venturi inlet is spaced radially outward from the upper venturi outlet to define an inter-venturi channel between the upper venturi distal end and the lower venturi proximal end,the lower venturi is coaxial with the upper venturi,the mixing device is configured for projecting a central jet of a first liquid downward from the upper venturi outlet into the lower venturi, andeach said feed injection array is configured for projecting a second liquid toward an axis of the upper venturi.2. (canceled)3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the lower venturi inlet is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the upper venturi outlet.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein:the lower venturi has a lower venturi constriction point,the at least one feed injection array comprises a single feed injection array ...

Reactor for a Chemical Reaction and Method for Controlling the Chemical Reaction

The invention relates to a reactor (1) for a chemical reaction, comprising a housing (10) and a reaction chamber (3), a nozzle member (30) with an inlet (32) for letting at least one reactant flow into the reaction chamber (3), wherein the nozzle member (30) is mounted in a movable manner relative to the housing (10), a sensor device (80) by means of which at least one measuring quantity can be detected during the chemical reaction, and an adjusting device (50) by means of which at least one mounting parameter influencing the movement of the nozzle member (30) can be adjusted, a control unit (70) configured for receiving from the sensor device (80) a measurement signal of the sensor device (80) based on the measuring quantity and generating a control signal for the adjusting device (50) depending on the measurement signal. The invention further relates to a method for controlling the chemical reaction.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING 1,2,3,4-TETRACHLOROBUTANE

Provided are a method and an apparatus for producing 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane that are unlikely to lose 3,4-dichloro-1-butene as the material or 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane as the product and can be stably and economically produce 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane. A reaction liquid () containing 3,4-dichloro-1-butene is placed in a reaction container (), then chlorine gas is supplied to a gas phase () in the reaction container (), and the 3,4-dichloro-1-butene is reacted with the chlorine gas to give 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane. 1. A method for producing 1 ,2 ,3 ,4-tetrachlorobutane , the method comprising:placing a reaction liquid containing 3,4-dichloro-1-butene in a reaction container; thensupplying chlorine gas to a gas phase in the reaction container; andreacting the 3,4-dichloro-1-butene with the chlorine gas.2. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4-tetrachlorobutane according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorine gas is supplied at an amount of 5.0 mol/h/cmor less per unit area of a liquid surface of the reaction liquid in the reaction container.3. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4-tetrachlorobutane according to claim 1 , wherein a pressure in the reaction container is 0.01 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less.4. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4-tetrachlorobutane according to claim 1 , wherein in the reaction of the 3 claim 1 ,4-dichloro-1-butene with the chlorine gas claim 1 , a portion of the reaction liquid is extracted and is returned to the gas phase in the reaction container.5. The method for producing 1 claim 4 ,2 claim 4 ,3 claim 4 ,4-tetrachlorobutane according to claim 4 , wherein when a portion of the reaction liquid is returned to the gas phase in the reaction container claim 4 , the portion of the reaction liquid is sprayed to the gas phase in the reaction container.6. An apparatus for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4-tetrachlorobutane by the method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 ...

CARBONATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF CARBONATION USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a carbonation device including: a storage tank storing a carbonation subject solution; a droplet spray unit spraying the carbonation subject solution from the storage tank as droplets; a carbonation reaction tank disposed with the droplet spray unit and filled with a carbonation gas under a predetermined pressure to provide a slurry by a carbonation reaction of the droplet-sprayed carbonation subject solution with the filled carbonation gas; a carbonation gas supply unit supplying the carbonation gas into the carbonation reaction tank to maintain the carbonation gas in the carbonation reaction tank under the predetermined pressure; and a slurry outlet unit ejecting the slurry from the carbonation reaction tank to maintain the slurry formed in the carbonation reaction tank within a predetermined level, and a method of carbonation using the same. 1. A carbonation device comprising:a storage tank storing a carbonation subject solution;a droplet spray unit spraying the carbonation subject solution from the storage tank in droplets;a carbonation reaction tank disposed with the droplet spray unit and filled with a carbonation gas under a predetermined pressure to provide a slurry by a carbonation reaction of the droplet-sprayed carbonation subject solution with the filled carbonation gas;a carbonation gas supply unit supplying the carbonation gas into the carbonation reaction tank to maintain the carbonation gas in the carbonation reaction tank under the predetermined pressure; anda slurry outlet unit ejecting the slurry from the carbonation reaction tank to maintain the slurry formed in the carbonation reaction tank within a predetermined level.2. The carbonation device of claim 1 , wherein the slurry outlet unit ejecting the slurry formed in the carbonation reaction tank from the carbonation reaction tank to maintain the slurry amount within the predetermined level comprises:a level measurement unit generating a signal to confirm whether the slurry amount ...

Mesofluidic Reactor With Pulsing Ultrasound Frequency

A mesofluidic reactor performs a chemical reaction of a starting material. A liquid phase starting material is introduced into a spraying head equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit. An inert/reagent gas feeds into the spraying head, connected to a reactor tube arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit. For solid phase, an inert/reagent gas is introduced into a solids container connected to a spraying head equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit. The spraying head connects to a reactor tube arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit. In either case, a reactor tube outlet connects to a cooled product trap to collect conversed substances. The spraying head generates a particle size distribution with nano and micro sized particles for the liquid phase and nano, micro or larger particles for the solid phase. The inert/reagent gas is preheated over the piezoelectric crystal unit's surface. 1. A mesofluidic reactor to perform a chemical reaction of a starting material , wherein components of the reactor are combined together depending on phase state of the starting material to form said reactor , the mesofluidic reactor comprising:(i) in case of a liquid phase starting material,{'b': 1', '4, 'a container () to store said liquid phase starting material, a high-pressure spraying head () equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit and having a nozzle,'}{'b': 3', '1', '4, 'a tubing () to provide fluid communication between the container () and the spraying head (),'}{'b': '12', 'a reactor tube () with an inlet and an outlet,'}{'b': '12', 'claim-text': [{'b': 4', '12, 'the spraying head () is connected to the inlet of the reactor tube (),'}, {'b': 12', '13, 'the outlet of the reactor tube () is connected to a cooled product trap () to collect conversed substances, and'}, {'b': 13', '14', '15, 'the product trap () having an outlet connected to a vacuum tap () and a ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR MIXING REFORMABLE FUELS AND AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS AND/OR STEAM

The present teachings provide apparatus and methods for mixing a reformable fuel and/or steam with an oxygen-containing gas and/or steam to provide a gaseous reforming reaction mixture suitable for reforming with a reformer and/or a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit and/or fuel cell system. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of mixing reformable fuel and an oxygen-containing gas and/or steam for delivery to a reformer and/or fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit , the method comprising:delivering an oxygen-containing gas and/or steam through a tube comprising a throat such that the oxygen-containing gas and/or steam experiences an increase in velocity and decrease in pressure through the throat and a rifling or twisting motion downstream of the throat along with an increase in pressure and decrease in velocity; 'wherein the fuel injection chamber is created by a collar present around the tube and is in fluid communication with the fuel source inlet and the interior of the tube through the one or more fuel inlets; and', 'introducing a reformable fuel and/or steam through a fuel source inlet into a fuel injection chamber and through one or more fuel inlets into the stream of oxygen-containing gas and/or steam downstream of the throat, whereby the reformable fuel and/or steam mixes with the stream of the oxygen-containing gas and/or steam to provide a gaseous reforming reaction mixture,'}delivering the gaseous reforming reaction mixture to a reformer and/or a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit.15. (canceled)16. The method of claim 14 , comprising reforming or reforming partially the gaseous reforming reaction mixture prior to the gaseous reforming reaction mixture exiting an outlet of the tube.17. The method of claim 16 , comprising transferring heat generated by reforming or reforming partially the gaseous reforming reaction mixture to the reformable fuel and/or steam prior to introducing the reformable fuel and/or steam into the stream of oxygen-containing gas and/or ...

Pyrolytic reactor and method of using

Methods and apparatus to produce alkynes are described. The method includes combusting fuel and an oxidizer in a combustion zone to create a carrier gas stream, which is accelerated to supersonic speed in an expansion zone. A feedstock material is injected into a feedstock injection zone using two or more pluralities of injection nozzles. The injection nozzles are arranged annularly. The carrier gas stream is transitioned from supersonic speed to subsonic speed to create a shockwave in a reaction zone. The reaction zone is directly connected to the feedstock injection zone, and the shockwave is created adjacent to the feedstock injection zone. The carrier gas stream and the feedstock material are simultaneously mixed and reacted.

APPARATUS FOR PREPARING OLIGOMER

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for preparing oligomer including: a reactor; a gas-liquid separator; a solvent transfer line; a second transfer line; a first spray nozzle unit; and a second spray nozzle unit. The apparatus is capable of improving stability of the entire process by including a first spray nozzle unit and a second spray nozzle unit in a reactor and thus preventing by-products containing polymer substances such as C20+ from being entrained with a desired product during a reaction. 2. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous first discharge stream of the reactor is fed to the gas-liquid separator after passing through a condenser.3. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous first discharge stream of the reactor contains an unreacted monomer and a solvent.4. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein the liquid bottom discharge stream of the gas-liquid separator contains a solvent.5. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein a flow rate of the solvent stream separated through the second transfer line to a total flow rate of the solvent stream fed through the solvent transfer line is 0.01 to 0.2.6. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein each of the n spray nozzles formed in the first spray nozzle unit are formed to be spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals claim 1 , and{'sup': 'th', 'each of the n−1 spray nozzles formed in the second spray nozzle unit is formed in a region between lines vertical to positions at which the nth and (n−1)spray nozzles of the first spray nozzle unit are formed.'}7. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein n is an integer of 2 to 20.8. The apparatus for preparing oligomer of claim 1 , wherein a spray angle of the liquid bottom discharge stream of the gas-liquid separator sprayed from the spray nozzles formed in the first spray nozzle unit is different from a spray angle of the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 1. A system for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction , the system comprising:a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; anda recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the collector comprises an electrostatic precipitator.4. The system according to claim 3 , ...

Apparatus and method for manufacturing particles

An apparatus and method for manufacturing solid particles based on inert gas evaporation. The method includes forming a continuous gaseous feed flow, and injecting the continuous gaseous feed flow through an inlet into a free-space region of a reactor chamber in the form of a feed jet flow, and forming at least one continuous jet flow of a cooling fluid and injecting the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid into the reaction chamber. The feed jet flow is made by passing the feed flow at a pressure above the reactor chamber pressure in the range from 0.01·10 5 to 20·10 5 Pa through an injection nozzle. The jet flow of cooling fluid is made by passing the cooling fluid through an injection nozzle which directs the jet flow of cooling fluid such that it intersects the feed jet flow with an intersection angle between 30 and 150°.

METHOD OF PREPARING AROMATIC VINYL COMPOUND-VINYL CYANIDE COMPOUND POLYMER AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING THE SAME

A method of preparing an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound polymer includes polymerizing a reaction mixture containing an aromatic vinyl compound, a vinyl cyanide compound, and an organic solvent in a reactor and transferring the vaporized reaction mixture present in the upper space of the reactor to a heat exchanger via a pipe and condensing the vaporized reaction mixture. The condensed reaction mixture is transferred to one side of the pipe and sprayed into the pipe, the flow velocity of the reaction mixture vaporized in the reactor is reduced, and temperature is lowered. Accordingly, a phenomenon wherein polymer particles in a reactor are sucked into a heat exchanger is prevented, and occurrence of polymerization in the heat exchanger is suppressed. Therefore, productivity and quality may be improved. 1. A method of preparing an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound polymer , comprising:polymerizing a reaction mixture containing an aromatic vinyl compound, a vinyl cyanide compound, and an organic solvent in a reactor; andtransferring the vaporized reaction mixture present in an upper space of the reactor to a heat exchanger via a pipe and condensing the vaporized reaction mixture,wherein the condensed reaction mixture is transferred to one side of the pipe and sprayed into the pipe.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spraying is performed so that a flow of the condensed reaction mixture is countercurrent to a flow of the vaporized reaction mixture.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture contains 40 to 80% by weight of the aromatic vinyl compound claim 1 , 10 to 35% by weight of the vinyl cyanide compound claim 1 , and 5 to 35% by weight of the organic solvent.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spray comprises all or a portion of the reaction mixture transferred to the heat exchanger.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the reaction mixture transferred to the heat ...

Carbon Black Compositions

Suggested is a carbon black composition showing a narrow Aggregate Size Distribution (ASD) characterized by a ΔD/Dvalue of about 0.58 to about 0.65 and a Relative Span (D-D)/Dof about 0.5 to about 0.8, which is obtainable by means of a modified furnace reactor. The composition shows superior additive performance and allows producing e.g. bus or truck tires with improved wear resistance and reinforcement. 1. (canceled)2. A polymer composition comprising carbon black composition having the properties comprising{'sub': 50', 'mode, 'an Aggregate Size Distribution a ΔD/Dof 0.58 to 0.65, and'}{'sub': 90', '10', '50, 'a Relative Span (D-D)/Dof about 0.5 to about 0.8,'}{'sub': 75', '25, 'a Quartile Ratio (QR) D/Dof about 1.2 to about 1.5,'}a Polydispersity Index of les than about 1.35, and{'sup': '2', 'an STSA value of about 90 to abut 180 m/q.'}35-. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. A method for improving the properties of the polymer composition of claim 2 , comprising the step of adding the carbon black composition.9. A method for improving wear resistance and reinforcement of the polymer composition of claim 2 , comprising the step of adding the carbon black composition.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polymer is a synthetic or natural rubber.11. A method of using the carbon black composition of as an additive for the polymer composition claim 2 , comprising the step of adding the carbon black composition to the polymer composition.12. A method of using the carbon black composition of for improving wear resistance and reinforcement of the polymer composition claim 2 , comprising the step of adding the carbon black composition to the polymer composition.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the polymer is a synthetic or natural rubber.14. A method of using the carbon black composition of as a pigment for the polymer composition claim 2 , comprising the step of adding the carbon black composition as the pigment to the polymer composition.15. (canceled)16. A pneumatic tire ...

LIQUID POLYMER ACTIVATION UNIT WITH IMPROVED HYDRATION CHAMBER

A polymer activation assembly is provided for separating monomer from the oil in which it is suspended in a polymer forming suspension and mixing the monomer with water supplied from another stream. The supply water is supplied through a primary fluid channel extending through the activation assembly and which transitions to a relatively wide rectangular activation channel. A secondary fluid inlet is formed in a side of the activation assembly for injection of the polymer forming suspension therein. A nozzle section of the secondary fluid inlet is formed between an initial section of the inlet and the activation channel. The nozzle section is generally rectangular in cross section and relatively shallow. The distal end of the nozzle section has a width that approximates the width of the activation channel. The nozzle section angles at an acute angle toward the outlet. 1. A polymer activation assembly comprising:a primary fluid channel extending through said polymer activation assembly along a first axis, the primary fluid channel having a primary fluid channel inlet, a primary fluid channel outlet and an activation portion therebetween wherein said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel is wider than it is deep;a secondary fluid channel having a secondary fluid channel inlet connecting to a nozzle section which intersects the activation portion of the primary fluid channel at an acute angle and which is wider than it is deep.2. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel is rectangular in cross-section.3. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein a surface of the polymer activation assembly defining said activation portion of said primary fluid activation channel opposite said nozzle is generally planar.4. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein said nozzle section is rectangular in cross-section.5. The polymer activation assembly as in wherein a distal end of said ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING CHLORINE DIOXIDE

Chlorine dioxide (ClO) is produced by apparatus and methods wherein a ClOgas produced in the apparatus is quickly introduced into a fluid stream to be treated with said gas. To this end, the apparatus has an interior chemical reaction chamber which houses an internal fluid flow tube having a fluid impervious upper section and a porous lower section that respectively define two zones within the interior chemical reaction chamber. 1. An apparatus for producing chlorine dioxide , said apparatus comprising: (a) an upper mixing and/or reaction zone for carrying out a first mixing/chemical reaction operation,', '(b) a lower distribution and reaction zone for carrying out a chlorine dioxide gas producing chemical reaction,', '(c) a first chemical precursor entry port that leads into an internal fluid flow tube housed in the chemical reactor,', '(d) a second chemical precursor entry port that leads into the upper mixing and/or reaction zone,', '(e) a third chemical precursor entry port that also leads into the upper mixing and/or reaction zone, and', '(f) an exit port for discharging fluid from the lower distribution and reaction zone into a fluid flow device;, '(1) a chemical reactor having(2) an internal fluid flow tube having a fluid impervious upper section and a fluid porous lower section, said tube serving to: (a) receive a first chemical precursor, (b) transport that first chemical precursor through the fluid impervious upper section of the internal fluid flow tube and (c) deliver the first chemical precursor into the porous lower section of said internal fluid flow tube whereupon said first chemical precursor is forced through a porous wall region of the porous lower section and into the lower distribution and reaction zone; and(3) a fluid flow device that conducts a portion of a fluid passing through said device into and out of the exit port of the chemical reactor in a manner such that any chlorine dioxide gas produced in the lower distribution and reaction zone ...

PRESSURIZED CARBONATION REACTION APPARATUS AND ITS METHOD

A pressurized carbonation reaction apparatus and method thereof are provided. The apparatus comprises: an atomizing gas tank, a plurality of compressors, a plurality of buffer tanks, a plurality of pre-heaters, a pressurized liquid tank, a nozzle, a raw material tank, a carbon dioxide tank, a high-pressure reactor, a raw product tank, a feed pump, a plurality of pressure display gauges, a plurality of temperature controllers with display gauges and a plurality of back pressure valves. The method comprises: dissolving a solid material in a solvent, and storing a resulting liquid material in the raw material tank; introducing gas in the carbon dioxide tank to the high-pressure reactor, controlling temperatures of the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank, and pumping, by the feed pump, the liquid material into the pressurized liquid tank to ensure a pressure difference between the pressurized liquid tank and the high-pressure reactor; opening a second check valve, and ensuring that the liquid material reacts with a carbon dioxide atmosphere in the high-pressure reactor after being atomized via the nozzle under a stable pressure difference between the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank; and ensuring that when the liquid material in the high-pressure reactor is at a corresponding liquid level, a fifth check valve is opened and discharge continues to obtain a reaction product. 1. A pressurized carbonation reaction apparatus , comprisingan atomizing gas tank, a plurality of compressors, a plurality of buffer tanks, a plurality of pre-heaters, a pressurized liquid tank, a nozzle, a raw material tank, a carbon dioxide tank, a high-pressure reactor, a raw product tank, a feed pump, a pressure display gauge, a temperature controller with display gauge and a plurality of back pressure valves;an outlet of the atomizing gas tank is connected to an inlet of a first compressor and a port of a first back pressure valve, an inlet of the first back ...

Non-premixed swirl burner tip and combustion strategy

The present invention is a combustion strategy using a swirl burner tip, which is one of stoichiometric mixture of reactants (2H2+O2→2H2O) with added high quality dry steam (H2O (g)) as a thermal diluent. The amount of dry steam can be determined by the safety requirements of the reactants and the desired temperature of post-flame gases. It can be appreciated that the design of the swirl burner tip is for safe handling of the reactants, and for rapid and thorough mixing of the reactants so combustion occurs in a nearly premixed configuration exterior of the swirl burner tip. The H2/O2 ratio is fixed to consume all H2 and O2 (stoichiometric), with dry steam (H2O (g)) strategically added to the reactants. The burner tip is configured to create counter swirling reactant flows separate from each other.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RAPID, HIGH THROUGHPUT, HIGH PRESSURE SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS FROM A LIQUID PRECURSOR

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for synthesis of condensed nano-materials to at least one of create nanoparticles or modify existing nanoparticles. In one embodiment the system may have a source of liquid precursor, with the liquid precursor including a compound therein. A flow control element and a compression wave generating subsystem are also included. The flow control element is in communication with the source of the liquid precursor and creates a jet of liquid precursor. The compression wave generating subsystem drives a compression wave through at least a substantial portion of a thickness of the jet of liquid precursor to sufficiently compress the jet of liquid precursor, and to increase pressure and temperature of the jet of liquid precursor, to at least one of create nanoparticles or modify existing nanoparticles. 1. A system for synthesis of a precursor material to at least one of create nanoparticles or modify existing nanoparticles , the system comprising:a source of liquid precursor containing a compound needed for at least one of forming nanoparticles or modifying existing nanoparticles;a flow control element in communication with the source of the liquid precursor which creates a jet of liquid precursor exiting the flow control element; anda compression wave generating subsystem, configured to generate a compression wave through at least a substantial portion of a thickness of the jet of liquid precursor to sufficiently compress the jet of liquid precursor, and to increase pressure and temperature of the jet of liquid precursor, to at least one of create nanoparticles or modify existing nanoparticles present in the jet of liquid precursor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the compression wave generating subsystem comprises an electromagnetic wave energy source which generates at least one electromagnetic wave energy beam directly at the jet of liquid precursor to impinge the jet of liquid precursor.3. The system of claim 1 , ...

PH-SENSITIVE CAPSULE AND RELEASE SYSTEM

A pH-sensitive release system comprising a capsule capable of releasing an agent in both low pH environments and high pH environments. The capsule encapsulates an agent and comprises at least two weak polyelectrolytes (e.g., PEI and PAA). The capsule responds to both low and high pH changes in the local environment by releasing the agent. The agent may include a corrosion inhibitor and may help prevent or ameliorate the effects of corrosion.

Radial Flow Process and Apparatus

A flow connector creates a fluid connection between a port in a wall of a reactor vessel and an axial flow path of the reactor vessel. The flow connector has a wall defining a flow path of the flow connector. The flow path terminates in a first end opening and a second end opening. The first end opening is configured to connect to the axial flow path of the reactor vessel, and the second end opening is configured to connect to the port in a wall of the reactor. The flow connector includes a passageway extending through the wall of the flow connector to provide access to the flow path of the flow connector. A cover is dimensioned for sealing the passageway. The passageway may be dimensioned such that a person may traverse the passageway to access the flow path of the flow connector. 1. An apparatus for creating a fluid connection between a port in a wall of a reactor vessel and an axial flow path of the reactor vessel , the apparatus comprising:a flow connector having a wall defining a flow path of the flow connector, the flow path terminating in a first end opening and a second end opening, the first end opening configured to connect to the axial flow path of the reactor vessel, the second end opening configured to connect to the port in a wall of the reactor, the flow connector including a passageway extending through the wall of the flow connector to provide access to the flow path of the flow connector; anda cover dimensioned for sealing the passageway.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the passageway is dimensioned such that a person may traverse the passageway to access the flow path of the flow connector.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a first axis of the first end opening and a second axis of the second end opening are substantially perpendicular.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first end opening and the passageway are substantially coaxial.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flow connector further comprises an interior flange for ...

Apparatus for preparing oligomer

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, the apparatus including: a reactor for oligomerizing a feed stream containing a fed monomer; a stirrer inserted into a hole formed in an upper portion of the reactor; and a solvent transfer line extending inward from a side of the reactor, wherein the stirrer includes a rotating shaft vertically extending downward from the upper portion of the reactor, and a blade having a conical shape whose vertex is positioned at a lower end of the rotating shaft and outer diameter increases from a bottom toward a top, and the solvent transfer line has a plurality of spray nozzles formed in a direction toward the blade.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CHLORINATED ALKENE BY CAUSTIC DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF A CHLORINATED ALKANE IN A JET LOOP REACTOR

The present invention provides a process for preparing at least one chlorinated alkene from at least one chlorinated alkane, using an aqueous base in a jet loop reactor. 1. A process for preparing at least one chlorinated alkene from at least one chlorinated alkane , the process comprising forming a reaction mixture comprising at least one chlorinated alkane and an aqueous base , and forming a reaction product comprising at least one chlorinated alkene , wherein the process is performed in a jet loop reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the jet loop reactor comprises a draft tube having a top claim 1 , a bottom and a diameter claim 1 , and a nozzle near the top of the draft tube and an impinging plate below the bottom of the draft tube.3. The process of wherein the ratio of the reactor height to the reactor diameter is at least 5 and the ratio of the draft tube height to the reactor diameter is at least 4.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the draft tube inner diameter to the reactor inner diameter is at least 0.6.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle has an inner diameter and the ratio of nozzle inner diameter to the diameter of the reactor is at least 0.02.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the impinging plate diameter to inner diameter of the reactor is less than 0.9.7. A process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chlorinated alkane comprises a C-Calkane.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chlorinated alkane comprises a chlorinated propane or a chlorinated ethane.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one chlorinated alkane is selected from the group consisting of a dichlorinated propane claim 1 , a trichlorinated propane claim 1 , a tetrachlorinated propane claim 1 , a pentachlorinated propane claim 1 , a hexachlorinated propane claim 1 , a tetrachlorinated ethane claim 1 , trichlorinated ethane claim 1 , dichlorinated ethane claim 1 , and combinations thereof.10. The process of claim 1 , ...

DEVICE COMPRISING LATERAL INJECTIONS OF LIQUID FOR LIMITING THE PHENOMENA OF SOLID DEPOSITS IN ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment () and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device. 249456. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a pipe () for recycling a part of the liquid leaving said outlet pipe () claim 1 , said recycling pipe () supplying recycled liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().31056. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a makeup pipe () for supplying makeup liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().45678. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , said at least one injectors () and () are distributed by horizontal layers () in the truncated-cone-shaped part and by horizontal layers () in the cylindrical part claim 1 , respectively.51212. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the diameter D of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the truncated-cone-shaped part has a ratio (D/D) of 1.1 to 1000.6. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angle α is 10° to 70°.711. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 10° to 150°.822. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 90° to 180°.922. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or ...

APPARATUS FOR LIQUEFACTION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A carbonaceous material liquefaction apparatus which uses a nozzle assembly to supply a pressurised liquid towards a carbonaceous material as a high velocity liquid. A supply line () supplies the high pressure liquid to the nozzle assembly (). The high velocity liquid reacts with the carbonaceous material () in a reaction zone () to produce a processed carbonaceous material. A product return line () returns the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid to a processing plant. The processing plant comprises a heat exchanger () to transfer heat from the product return line to the supply line, a high pressure pump () to provide the high pressure liquid to the supply line, a separator () in the product return line downstream of the heat exchanger to separate gas () and oil () product from the entrained liquid, at least part of the liquid () being recycled () to the high pressure pump. The reaction can be carried out in-situ or in an above ground reaction chamber (). 1. A carbonaceous material liquefaction apparatus comprising a nozzle assembly to supply a pressurised liquid with superheated or supercritical properties towards a carbonaceous material as a high velocity liquid , a supply line to supply the high pressure liquid to the nozzle assembly , the high velocity liquid reacting with the carbonaceous material to produce an upgraded or liquefied carbonaceous material , a product return line to return the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid to a processing plant , the processing plant comprising a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the product return line to the supply line , a high pressure pump to provide the high pressure liquid to the supply line , a separator in the product return line downstream of the heat exchanger to separate gas and oil product from the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid , and a recycle line to transfer at least part of the liquid from the separator to the high pressure pump.2. A carbonaceous ...

EVAPORATOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC FUSED QUARTZ

A method for manufacturing quartz glass, wherein (a) an appropriate liquid starting material is evaporated by spraying it into a vertically arranged evaporation chamber, (b) the vaporous starting material is oxidized to form SiO, and the SiOis collected. The method is characterized in that the starting material to be evaporated is sprayed in on the bottom of the evaporation chamber and the vaporous starting material is removed at the top end of the evaporation chamber, wherein the evaporation chamber is designed such that components depositing in the chamber accumulate on the bottom of the evaporator and are sprayed once again, as well as an evaporator for applying the method. 126-. (canceled)27. A method of manufacturing quartz glass comprising:evaporating an appropriate liquid starting material by spraying it into a vertically arranged evaporation chamber;{'sub': '2', 'oxidizing the vaporous starting material to form SiO; and'}{'sub': '2', 'collecting the SiO;'}characterized in that the starting material to be evaporated is sprayed in at the bottom of the evaporation chamber and the vaporous starting material is removed at the top end of the evaporation chamber, wherein the evaporation chamber is designed such that components depositing in the chamber accumulate on the bottom of the evaporator and are sprayed once again.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein{'sub': '2', 'the accumulated SiOis dried; and'}subjected to a heat treatment to form a glass blank.29. The method of claim 27 , wherein a polymethyl cyclosiloxane is used as starting material.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein one of hexamethyl cyclotrisoloxane claim 29 , octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane claim 29 , decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane and dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane is used as polymethyl cyclosiloxane.31130230. The method of claim 27 , wherein the temperature in the evaporation chamber is within a range from ° C. to ° C.32. The method of claim 27 , wherein the liquid starting material is introduced ...

Taxane Particles and Their Use

Compositions are provided that include having at least 95% by weight of a taxane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where the particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.15 g/cm, and/or a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 18 m/g, 20 m/g, 25 m/g, 30 m/g, 32 m/g, 34 m/g, or 35 m/g. Methods for making and using such compositions are also provided. 1. A composition , comprising particles including at least 95% by weight of a taxane , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein the particles have a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 18 m/g.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the taxane is selected from the group consisting of paclitaxel claim 1 , docetaxel claim 1 , and cabazitaxel claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the taxane is paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.12 g/cm.5. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 20 m/g.6. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a SSA of between about 18 m/g and about 40 m/g.7. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a SSA of between about 20 m/g and about 40 m/g.8. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the taxane is docetaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.12 g/cm.10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a SSA of at least 20 m/g.11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a SSA of between about 18 m/g and about 50 m/g.12. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a SSA of between about 20 m/g and about 50 m/g.13. The composition ...

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIA FOR VORTEX ARC REACTOR

Vortex arc reactor apparatus and method provide a nozzle with converging, throat, and diverging portions. Input structure inputs a reactant and an oxidant into the converging portion. Ignition structure ignites the input reactant and oxidant. A vortex-creating structure creates a vortex of the ignited reactant and oxidant in the converging portion. The input structure, the vortex-creating structure, and the nozzle converging and throat portions are configured to provide a throat-portion-vortex of ignited reactant and oxidant that has an angular velocity which provides (i) negatively-charged particles in an exterior portion of the throat-portion-vortex, (ii) positively-charged particles in an interior portion of the throat-portion-vortex, and (iii) at least one arcing reaction between the positively-charged particles and the negatively-charged particles, to form syngas and at least one aromatic liquid in the nozzle diverging portion. Gas/liquid separation structure is preferably configured to separate the formed syngas from the at least one aromatic liquid. 1. Apparatus for producing a syngas and at least one aromatic liquid , comprising:a nozzle having a converging portion, a throat portion, and a diverging portion;input structure configured to input a reactant and an oxidant into the converging portion of the nozzle;ignition structure configured to ignite the input reactant and oxidant;vortex-creating structure configured to create a vortex of the ignited reactant and the oxidant in the converging portion of the nozzle; andthe input structure, the vortex-creating structure, and the nozzle converging and throat portions being configured to provide a throat-portion-vortex of ignited reactant and oxidant that has an angular velocity which provides (i) negatively-charged particles in an exterior portion of the throat-portion-vortex, (ii) positively-charged particles in an interior portion of the throat-portion-vortex, and (iii) at least one reaction between the ...

Static mixing device and method for mixing phosgene and an organic amine

Phosgene is mixed with an organic polyamine to produce polyisocyanate compounds. A phosgene flow is established in a conduit ( 15 ), and the organic polyamine is injected into the phosgene flow. A constricted region ( 4 ) of the conduit ( 15 ) resides downstream of the point of the polyamine injection. The presence of the constricted region ( 4 ) reduces by-product formation.

Device and Method for Heat and Mass-Exchange between Gas and Liquid

A device for heat, mass, and chemical exchange and interaction between gases and liquids. Nozzles feed the gas at angles in different directions to form a gas-liquid mix, swirls, and/or foam above an array of such nozzles. 1. A device for mixing fluids , comprising:a substantially upward path for a first fluid;nozzles forming a substantially two-dimensional grid across the path for the first fluid to pass through the grid; anda means for injecting a second fluid into the path above the grid; to form within the path above the grid for each of the plurality of nozzles at least one jet of the first fluid;', 'for a plurality of the jets to interact to form within the path above the grid non-linear flow of the first fluid; and', 'for the non-linear flow of the first fluid to contact and interact within the path above the grid with the second fluid injected into the path., 'wherein a plurality of nozzles are shaped and positioned within the grid so as for the first fluid passing through the grid'}2. The device of claim 1 , whereinthe non-linear flow of the first fluid comprises at least one substantially upwardly flowing swirl.3. The device of claim 1 , for the first fluid passing through the grid to form within the path above the grid for each of the plurality of nozzles jets of the first fluid;', 'for a plurality of the jets from the plurality of nozzles to interact to form within the path above the grid non-linear flow of the first fluid; and', 'for the non-linear flow of the first fluid to contact and interact within the path above the grid with the second fluid injected into the path., 'wherein the plurality of nozzles are shaped and positioned within the grid so as'}4. The device of claim 3 , whereinthe non-linear flow of the first fluid comprises substantially upwardly flowing swirls.5. The device of claim 4 ,wherein the swirls are rotating in substantially same direction.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid is gas.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS REACTION OF LIQUIDS WITH GASES

The present invention relates to an apparatus of the loop Venturi reactor type for the continuous reaction of liquids with gases, in particular for hydrogenations, oxidations or acetylations, e.g. for the preparation of toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene, and a process for the continuous reaction of liquid reactants with gaseous reactants in the apparatus. In the apparatus of the invention, the diversion of an internal circulatory flow in the reactor is effected by means of a diversion pan which is arranged underneath a heat exchanger. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a vertically elongated reactor in which there is a reaction space,at least one heat exchanger which is arranged within the reactor,at least one cooling inlet for introducing the cooling medium into the heat exchanger,{'b': '2', 'at least one cooling outlet for taking the cooling medium off from the heat exchanger (),'}at least one gaseous reactant inlet for introducing the gaseous reactant into the reaction space,at least one liquid reactant inlet for introducing the liquid reactant into the reaction space,at least one mixing chamber,at least one downward-directed driving jet nozzle for introducing the reaction medium, the outlet of which is arranged above the at least one mixing chamber and which is in fluid connection with the reaction space,at least one reaction medium outlet for taking the reaction medium off from the reactor, andat least one diverter arranged below the heat exchanger and below the mixing chamber for diverting the reaction medium flowing downward through the mixing chamber in such a way that the reaction medium once again flows upward through the heat exchanger,wherein the diverter is a diversion pan.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises heat exchanger tubes.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises heat exchanger tubes and a region surrounding the heat exchanger tubes is in fluid connection with ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS REACTION OF LIQUIDS WITH GASES

The present invention relates to an apparatus of the loop Venturi reactor type for the continuous reaction of liquids with gases, in particular for hydrogenations, oxidations or acetylations, e.g. for the preparation of toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene, and a process for the continuous reaction of liquid reactants with gaseous reactants in the apparatus. Here, the cooling medium surrounds the tubes of the heat exchanger of the apparatus of the invention whereas the reaction takes place in the tubes. 1. An apparatus comprising:a vertically elongated reactor comprising a reaction space,a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of heat exchanger tubes arranged within the reactor,a first inlet for introducing a cooling medium into the heat exchanger,a first outlet for taking the cooling medium off from the heat exchanger,a second inlet for introducing a gaseous reactant into the reaction space,a third inlet for introducing a liquid reactant into the reaction space,a mixing chamber,a downward-directed driving jet nozzle for introducing a reaction medium, wherein the driving jet nozzle comprises an outlet arranged above the mixing chamber and in fluid connection with the reaction space,a second outlet for taking the reaction medium off from the reactor, anda diverter arranged below the heat exchanger and below the mixing chamber for diverting the reaction medium flowing downward through the mixing chamber in such a way that the reaction medium once again flows upward through the heat exchanger,whereina region surrounding the heat exchanger tubes is in fluid connection with the first inlet and the first outlet,an inner region of the heat exchanger tubes forms part of the reaction space and is in fluid connection with the driving jet nozzle and the second outlet, andthe apparatus is suitable for a continuous reaction of the liquid reactant with the gaseous reactant.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger tubes are arranged in a ...

APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCTION OF DROPLETS INTO A REACTOR

The invention relates to an apparatus for introduction of droplets into a reactor, comprising a holder for at least one dropletizer unit, where the dropletizer unit has a feed for a liquid to be dropletized and a dropletizer plate and the dropletizer plate has holes through which a liquid to be dropletized is introduced into the reactor, where the holder for the at least one dropletizer unit can be pushed into the reactor or pulled out of the reactor through an opening in the shell of the reactor. At least one rail is accommodated within the reactor and is used to guide the holder for the at least one dropletizer unit along it. 113161616567676913161113714513161. An apparatus for introduction of droplets into a reactor () , comprising a holder () for at least one dropletizer unit () , where the dropletizer unit () has a feed () for a liquid to be dropletized and a dropletizer plate () and the dropletizer plate () has holes () through which a liquid to be dropletized is introduced into the reactor () , where the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () can be pushed into the reactor () or pulled out of the reactor () through an opening () in the shell of the reactor () , wherein at least one rail () is accommodated within the reactor () and is used to guide the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () along it.23161. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () being guided is suspended on the rail.33145. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the holder () being guided within the reactor rests on two rails ().445413161. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the rails are two contact surfaces () on a pipe () which is open at the bottom and on which the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () rests.5454341. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the contact surfaces () run parallel to the opening () at the base of the pipe ().6454341. The apparatus according to ...

Atomization and Pyrolysis of Resid Cracking Feed

A method and apparatus for conversion of petroleum resid fluid through atomization and pyrolysis, including: generating a stream of atomized resid fluid; and delivering the stream to a plurality of cracking particles, wherein the cracking particles have a temperature from 700° C. to 1200° C. when the stream is delivered. Generating the stream of atomized resid fluid may include: delivering heated resid fluid to a nozzle; and delivering diluent fluid to the nozzle. A method and apparatus includes: a first multi-phase fluid application device configured to generate a first stream of atomized resid fluid; a port configured to guide a plurality of cracking particles to intersect the first stream; and a particle heating component configured to heat the cracking particles before the particles intersect the first stream. 1. A method comprising:delivering heated resid fluid to a nozzle, and also delivering diluent fluid to the nozzle;generating a stream of heated atomized resid fluid through the nozzle, which is a two-phase nozzle, a three-phase nozzle, or a capillary nozzle; and{'b': '225', 'delivering the stream to a plurality of cracking particles having a diameter of from 40 μm to 400 μm, wherein the cracking particles have a temperature from 700° C. to 1200° C. when the stream is delivered.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle has a temperature of from 700° C. to 1000° C. while the heated resid fluid and the diluent fluid are delivered to the nozzle.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated resid fluid has a temperature of from 50° C. to 300° C. when delivered to the nozzle.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated resid fluid comprises asphaltene or ash content from 500 ppm to 30 wt %.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated resid fluid comprises hydrocarbons having a Conradson carbon residue from 1% to 20%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cracking particles move translationally relative to the nozzle while the stream is delivered to the ...

PEELING DEVICE OF SHEET MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a peeling device of sheet material for peeling off graphite, and the peeling device of sheet material according to the present invention is characterized in that a specific microchannel is used to apply a shear force required to peel off graphite, and simultaneously, various sizes of shear forces can be applied according to the sections in the microchannel, thus increasing graphene preparation efficiency. 1. A peeling device of sheet material comprisingan inlet into which sheet material is supplied;a high pressure pump that is positioned at the front end of the inlet, and generates a pressure for pressurizing the sheet material;a microchannel positioned at the back end of the inlet, through which the sheet material passes by the pressure generated by the high pressure pump, whereby the sheet material is peeled off; andan outlet positioned at the back end of the microchannel, wherein the cross sectional area of the microchannel decreases from the front end of the inlet side to the back end of the outlet side.2. The peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the cross sectional area of the microchannel at the front end of the inlet side and the cross sectional area of the microchannel at the back end of the outlet side is 1:0.1-0.9.3. The peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein the cross sectional area of the microchannel at the front end of the inlet side is 2.5×10umto 1.5×10um.4. The peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein the taper angle of the microchannel is 1° to 10°.5. The peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein a supply line for supplying the sheet material to the inlet is equipped.6. The peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein the sheet material is graphite.7. A method for preparing graphene using the peeling device of sheet material according to claim 1 , said method comprising the steps of:1) ...

APPARATUS FOR PYROLYSIS USING MOLTEN METAL

An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a pyrolysis device including a reactor in which an injected raw material and a melted liquid metal are present together, a circulating pump connected to the reactor, a buffer tank disposed on an upper portion of the reactor and receiving the liquid metal from the circulating pump, a nozzle coupled with the buffer tank and jetting the liquid metal within the buffer tank into the reactor, a separating apparatus separating pyrolyzed char and slag, and a combustion furnace connected to the reactor to combust the fuel supplied from the reactor and supply heat to the reactor, thereby reacting the liquid metal sprays jetted from the nozzle with gases generated in the reactor to purify the gases. 1. A pyrolysis device using a liquid metal , comprising:a reactor in which the liquid metal is received;a circulating pump connected to the reactor;a buffer tank disposed on an upper portion of the reactor and receiving the liquid metal from the circulating pump;a nozzle coupled with the buffer tank and jetting the liquid metal within the buffer tank into the reactor; anda combustion furnace combusting char generated in the reactor to supply heat to the reactor,wherein liquid metal sprays jetted from the nozzle react with gases generated in the reactor to purify the gases.2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , further comprising:a slag outlet connected to the reactor, wherein the slag melted in the liquid metal within the reactor is discharged to the outside of the reactor through the slag outlet.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal is selected from a group consisting of Sn claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , and a mixture of Sn and Bi.4. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , further comprising:a control unit connected to the circulating pump, the combustion furnace, and the slag outlet connected to the reactor, wherein the control unit controls at least one of the pumping speed of the circulating pump, the combustion ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING HYBRID CRUDE OILS AND FUELS

A simplified process is provided for creating hybrid crude oils and hybrid crude fractions with characteristics superior to the original. The process uniquely combines gases with crude oil or crude fractions in an effervescent turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures and without the further aid of catalysts. The process breaks large chain hydrocarbons into smaller chain hydrocarbons, molecularly combines carbon, hydrogen, and/or hydrocarbon molecules from the gases with and into hydrocarbon molecules of the crude or crude fraction, and separates contaminants and impurities. 1. An apparatus for breaking large chain hydrocarbon molecules found in crude oil and crude fractions into smaller chain hydrocarbon molecules , and for separating contaminants and impurities therefrom , comprising:a self-contained network of raw material inflow and product outflow for combining one or more gases with a crude oil or crude fraction feedstock in a turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures to create numerous localized high energy collisions of gas molecules with liquid hydrocarbon molecules and ongoing collisions of these molecules within a sustained turbulent environment;a processing vessel having therein a plurality of nozzles having selected nozzle placements and nozzle alignments that create said collisions by turbulently combining said gases with said crude oil or crude fraction feedstock to force direct high energy collisions of said gas molecules with said liquid hydrocarbon molecules, and to sustain an ongoing turbulent interaction of said gas and said liquid hydrocarbon molecules as said gas molecules rise through said liquid hydrocarbon molecules;wherein a gaseous off-flow is generated from a top of a liquid that rises to a top of said vessel, said gaseous off-flow escaping via one or more outlets located at said vessel top;a vacuum for drawing said gaseous off-flow through said outlets and into and through one or more heat exchangers in which said gases ...

MIXING REACTOR FOR HETEROGENEOUS FLUIDS USING HIGH-SPEED EJECTING

A mixing reactor for heterogeneous fluids includes a first inlet part for introducing a first fluid, a first nozzle to eject the first fluid, a fluid chamber having a first space portion and a second space portion having a larger inner diameter than that of the first space portion, a second inlet part for introducing a second fluid, a second nozzle to eject the second fluid, a mixing chamber, and a third nozzle part to eject the second fluid. In the mixing reactor for heterogeneous fluids, two or more fluids are effectively collided with each other to enhance mixing uniformity, reduce side reactions, and thus improve reaction yield and reaction rate, and allow for simple maintenance and reuse. 1. A mixing reactor for heterogeneous fluids using high-speed ejecting , comprising:a first inlet part to which a first fluid is introduced from an outside;a first nozzle coaxially connected to a downstream side of the first inlet part to eject the first fluid;a fluid chamber formed to be coaxially spaced apart from the first nozzle and configured to have a first space portion and a second space portion having a larger inner diameter than that of the first space portion;a second inlet part radially connected to an outer circumferential surface of the fluid chamber and to which a second fluid is introduced from an outside;a second nozzle coaxially connected to a downstream side of the first space portion to eject the second fluid;a mixing chamber formed to be coaxially spaced apart from an inner circumferential surface of the second space portion and coaxially connected to downstream sides of the first nozzle and the second nozzle; anda third nozzle part configured to extend from the inner circumferential surface of the second space portion and radially connected to an outer circumferential surface of the mixing chamber to eject the second fluid.2. The mixing reactor of claim 1 , wherein the mixing chamber comprises an expanded cross section portion and a constant cross section ...

Processing System and Method for Producing a Particulate Material

A processing system and method of producing a particulate material from a liquid mixture are provided. The processing system generally includes a system inlet connected to one or more gas lines to deliver one or more gases into the processing system, one or more power jet modules adapted to jet a liquid mixture into one or more streams of droplets and to force the one or more streams of droplets into the processing system, and a reaction chamber adapted to deliver the one or more streams of droplets in the presence of the one or more gases and process the one or more streams of droplets into the particulate material. The method includes delivering one or more gases into a processing system, jetting the liquid mixture into one or more first droplets streams using one or more power jet modules of the processing system and into the processing system, and reacting the one or more first droplets streams delivered from the processing chamber inside a reaction chamber of the processing system in the presence of the one or more gases into the particulate material at a first temperature. 1. A processing system of producing a particulate material for a battery cell from a liquid mixture , comprising:one or more first gas sources having one or more first gases therein and being connected to one or more first gas lines;a system inlet connected to the one or more first gas lines to deliver the one or more first gases into the processing system and generate uniform gas flows; at least one nozzle array; and', 'one or more arrays of two or more orifices on the at least one nozzle array, wherein each orifice is connected to one or more liquid sources having the liquid mixture therein, and provided to jet the liquid mixture into one or more streams of droplets into the processing system;, 'at least one power jet comprising, 'an array of two or more power jet modules, wherein each power jet module comprisesa dispersion chamber connected to the power jet modules, wherein the dispersion ...

Centric spray pipe

A centric spray pipe apparatus is disclosed, The centric spray pipe includes a plurality of nozzles designed to provide full coverage of liquid spray to a vessel.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE AND/OR ACETYLENE USING HYDROCARBON

Equipment for producing ethylene and/or acetylene from hydrocarbons, including the reaction chamber (), burner (), common or separate fuel gas inlets () and oxygen inlets (), preheating tubes (), a gas distributor (), cracking gas inlets (), and a reaction product outlet (); the gas distributor (), which has multiple gas inlets and gas outlets, is arranged on the cross section of the reaction chamber (), where the gas inlet is connected to the cracking gas inlet (), and the gas outlet is connected to the preheating tube (). The cracking gas is uniformly distributed through the gas distributor () and passed through the preheating tubes (), which are hollow tubes; the opening at the other end of the hollow tube is close to or inserted into the combustion area of the gaseous fuel and oxygen. After preheating in the hollow tubes, the cracking gas is passed through the combustion area that contains gaseous fuel and oxygen. During the cracking reaction, the reaction product is distributed around the hollow tubes to pre-heat the cracking gas in the tubes. 1. An apparatus for producing ethylene and/or acetylene from hydrocarbon ,{'b': 13', '11', '12', '18', '14', '15', '16', '17, 'the apparatus comprising: a reaction chamber (), a burner (), common or separate gaseous fuel inlets () and oxygen inlets (), preheating tubes (), a gas distributor (), a cracking gas inlet (), and a reaction product outlet ();'}{'b': 13', '11', '12', '18', '16', '17', '14', '15, 'the reaction chamber () being a cavity structure, in which feedstock is reacted; the burner (), the gaseous fuel inlets (), the oxygen inlets (), the cracking gas inlets (), and the reaction product outlet () being set on the wall of the reaction chamber, and the preheating tubes () and the gas distributor () being arranged in the reaction chamber;'}{'b': 12', '13', '18', '13', '11', '17', '13', '16', '13, 'the gaseous fuel inlets () being used to feed gaseous fuel into the reaction chamber (); the oxygen inlets () being ...

Fouling Protection for an Oligomerization Reactor Inlet

Disclosed herein are systems and processes which prevent fouling of a reactor inlet of an oligomerization reactor. The systems and processes involve placement of an inlet sleeve around at least a portion of a reactor inlet such that a curtain of inert material flows through an annular space coaxially with respect to an outer surface of the end of the reactor inlet and into the reactor. 1. A process to prevent fouling at a reactor inlet , the process comprising:flowing a reactant into a reactor via the reactor inlet such that the reactant is introduced to an interior of the reactor via an end of the reactor inlet; andflowing an inert material into the reactor coaxially with respect to an outer surface of the end of the reactor inlet.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is a first petrochemical claim 1 , and wherein the inert material is selected from a second petrochemical claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , argon claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is an oligomerization reactor claim 1 , wherein the reactant is an olefin claim 1 , and wherein the inert material is a diluent with respect to an oligomerization reaction in the reactor.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the end of the reactor inlet extends into the interior of the reactor claim 1 , and wherein an end of an inlet sleeve extends into the interior of the reactor.5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:flowing diluent into the reactor via the reactor inlet such that a mixture of the reactant and diluent is introduced to the interior of the reactor via the end of the reactor inlet,wherein the diluent which flows into the reactor via the reactor inlet is a primary source of diluent for a reaction in the reactor, andwherein the inert material which flows coaxially into the reactor is a secondary source of diluent for the reaction in the reactor.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inert material flows coaxially with respect to the outer surface of ...

FLUID REACTOR

A fluid reactor for generating particulate fluids by collision, has a housing which encloses a collision chamber, a first fluid nozzle, and a second fluid nozzle oriented opposite thereto in a collinear manner, which is located directly opposite the first fluid nozzle in a jet direction of the first and second fluid nozzles in a common collision zone, at least one rinsing fluid inlet into the collision chamber arranged on a first side of the first fluid nozzle, and at least one product outlet out of the collision chamber arranged on a second side of the second fluid nozzle. 1. A fluid reactor for generating particulate fluids by collision , the fluid reactor comprising:having a housing which encloses a collision chamber;a first fluid nozzle;a second fluid nozzle oriented opposite to the first fluid nozzle in a collinear manner, and located directly opposite the first fluid nozzle in a jet direction of the fluid nozzle in a common collision zone;at least one rinsing fluid inlet into the collision chamber arranged on a first side of the first fluid nozzle; andat least one product outlet out of the collision chamber arranged on a second side of the second fluid nozzle,wherein rinsing-fluid-conducting structures are designed as parallel channels on a side of the first fluid nozzle, which are suitable in the collision chamber, in an area of the collision zone, to produce a rinsing fluid flow directed in the jet direction of the first fluid nozzle.2. The fluid reactor according to claim 1 ,wherein, in the collision chamber on the second side of the second fluid nozzle, an open-pored or sponge-like structured impact wall is formed.3. The fluid reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a projection is formed claim 1 , which creates claim 1 , in an area of a head of the first fluid nozzle claim 1 , a concentrically arranged tapered first fluid conducting space in the collision chamber around the first fluid nozzle.4. The fluid reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a projection ...

HIGH-THROUGHPUT SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

A simple and versatile coaxial turbulent jet mixer can synthesize a range of nanoparticles at high throughput, while maintaining the advantages of homogeneity, reproducibility, and tunability that are normally accessible only in specialized microscale mixing devices. Rapid mixing down to a timescale of 7 ms can be achieved by controlling the Reynolds number, providing homogeneous and controllable environments for formation of nanoparticles, for example, by precipitation. The device fabrication does not require specialized machining, making it accessible for a wide range of biomedical laboratories. 1. A method for preparing nanoparticles comprising:flowing a first stream of a first solution into a conduit, wherein the first solution contains precursors of the nanoparticles;flowing a second stream of a second solution into the conduit; andmixing the first stream and the second stream to form a mixed stream having a Reynolds number of between 300 and 1,000,000 in which the nanoparticles are formed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formation of the nanoparticles is continuous.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are formed by nanoprecipitation or emulsion formation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a component of the first solution reacts with a component of the second solution.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are substantially uniformly distributed in the mixed stream after formation.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first stream is introduced within the second stream.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross sectional area of the first stream is more than 1% of the cross sectional area of the conduit.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross sectional area of the first stream is less than 90% of the cross sectional area of the conduit.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticles is between 1 nm and 500 nm.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticles is changed by changing the ...

LITHIUM CARBONATE PRODUCTION DEVICE

A lithium carbonate production device is provided which can efficiently produce lithium carbonate without requiring a large pressure for supplying carbon dioxide gas, by a simple structure. A lithium carbonate production device () includes: a sealed reaction tank () which stores a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution A; a supply unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution; a carbon dioxide gas supply unit (); a circulation unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution; and a nozzle which is provided at the head of the circulation unit () for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, and has a diameter which gradually decreases from a base end side to a head side. 1. A lithium carbonate production device comprising: a supply unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, which supplies the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution to the reaction tank;', 'a carbon dioxide gas supply unit that supplies carbon dioxide gas to a space above a liquid surface of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution in the reaction tank;', 'a circulation unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, which circulates the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution that is stored in the reaction tank through the reaction tank, drops the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution from above the liquid surface of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution into the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution in the reaction tank, entrains carbon dioxide gas in the reaction tank into a stream of the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, introduces the carbon dioxide gas into the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution that is stored in the reaction tank, and causes the carbon dioxide gas to react with the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution to form lithium carbonate; and', 'a nozzle that is provided at a head of the circulation unit for the lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, and has a diameter which decreases gradually from a base end side to a head side., 'a sealed reaction tank that stores lithium hydroxide aqueous ...

Taxane Particles and Their Use

Compositions are provided that include having at least 95% by weight of a taxane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where the particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.15 g/cm, and/or a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 18 m/g, 20 m/g, 25 m/g, 30 m/g, 32 m/g, 34 m/g, or 35 m/g. Methods for making and using such compositions are also provided. 1. A method for treating a bladder tumor , comprising administering to a subject with a bladder tumor an amount effective to treat the tumor of a composition comprising particles including at least 95% by weight of a taxane , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein the particles have a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 18 m/g , and wherein the taxane particles include both agglomerated taxane particles and non-agglomerated taxane particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the taxane is selected from the group consisting of paclitaxel claim 1 , docetaxel claim 1 , and cabazitaxel claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the taxane is paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.12 g/cm.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a specific surface area (SSA) of at least 20 m/g.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a SSA of between about 18 m/g and about 40 m/g.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the paclitaxel particles have a SSA of between about 20 m/g and about 40 m/g.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the taxane is docetaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a mean bulk density between about 0.050 g/cmand about 0.12 g/cm.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the docetaxel particles have a SSA of between about 18 m/g and about 50 m/g.11. The method of claim ...

Production of 1-Butene and Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene

A system and method for producing 1-butene and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), including feeding a catalyst, an antifouling co-catalyst, and ethylene to a reactor, and dimerizing ethylene into 1-butene and polymerizing a relatively small portion of the ethylene into UHMWPE. A product slurry including 1-butene and UHMWPE is discharged from reactor and UHMWPE is removed from the product slurry as a coproduct of the product 1-butene. The coproduct UHMWPE may be a byproduct that is a relatively small amount of the product slurry. The quantity of UHMWPE produced may be small in comparison to the quantity of 1-butene produced. 2. The method of claim 1 , comprising adjusting a molar ratio of the AFA co-catalyst to titanium (Ti) fed to the reactor to affect molecular weight of the polyethylene to give the UHMWPE claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight of the polyethylene varies inversely with the molar ratio of the AFA co-catalyst to Ti.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing comprises filtering UHMWPE from the effluent as coproduct UHMWPE.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising treating the coproduct UHMWPE with acid to remove metal residues comprising aluminum and titanium from the coproduct UHMWPE.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising pelletizing the coproduct UHMWPE.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising combining an antifouling compound (AFC) and a co-catalyst to give the AFA co-catalyst claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises an aluminum alkyl claim 1 , and wherein feeding the catalyst comprises feeding the catalyst to the reactor separate from the AFA co-catalyst.7. The method of claim 6 , comprising adjusting a ratio of a molar rate of the AFC combined with the co-catalyst to a molar rate of Ti in the catalyst fed to the reactor to affect molecular weight of the UHMWPE claim 6 , wherein the molecular weight of the UHMWPE varies inversely with the ratio.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the AFC comprises at least one of a phosphonium claim 6 , ...

GAS DISTRIBUTOR NOZZLES

Systems and methods for injecting gas into a fluidized bed of particles are provided. The system can include a gas distribution system. The gas distribution system can include a header having a flow passage and a nozzle body coupled to the header. The nozzle body can have an inlet end in fluid communication with the flow passage and an outlet end positioned outside of the header. The nozzle body can have a longitudinal axis that is substantially perpendicular to a direction of flow through the flow passage. The nozzle body can have an orifice positioned between the inlet end and the outlet end. 1. A gas distribution system , comprising:a header having a flow passage; anda nozzle body coupled to the header, wherein the nozzle body has an inlet end in fluid communication with the flow passage and an outlet end positioned outside of the header, wherein the nozzle body has a longitudinal axis that is substantially perpendicular to a direction of flow through the flow passage; and wherein the nozzle body has an orifice positioned between the inlet end and the outlet end.2. The gas distribution system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet end defines an inlet orifice.3. The gas distribution system of claim 2 , wherein the orifice positioned between the inlet end and the outlet end is defined by a wall of the nozzle body.4. The gas distribution system of claim 1 , wherein the orifice positioned between the inlet end and the outlet end is positioned on a downstream side of the nozzle body.5. The gas distribution system of claim 1 , wherein the orifice positioned between the inlet end and the outlet end is positioned within the nozzle body.6. The gas distribution system of claim 5 , wherein a wall of the nozzle body tapers inward from the inlet end to the intermediate orifice.7. The gas distribution system of claim 5 , wherein the inlet end defines an inlet orifice.8. A method for distributing gas comprising:introducing a gas into a header having a flow passage;flowing the gas ...

Acetylene Production By Staged Combustion With Accommodative Cross-Sectional Area

A systems and method for production of acetylene by pyrolysing a feedstock through combustion products are disclosed. The system comprises: a combustion chamber having a chamber structure including sidewalls; a first stage having one or more first inlets, the one or more first inlets having one or more first inlet directions incident to respective areas of the sidewalls at one or more first inlet angles, the one or more first inlets configured to provide fluid for combustion in the combustion chamber, the first stage producing one or more of an axial jet and a radial jet within the combustion chamber; a second stage having one or more second inlets, the one or more second inlets having one or more second inlet directions incident to respective areas of the sidewalls at one or more second inlet angles, the one or more second inlets configured to provide fluid for combustion in the combustion chamber, the second stage producing a radial jet within the combustion chamber; and a process feed for providing a feedstock acted upon by the combustion within the combustion chamber, wherein a firing rate of about 30 MMBtu/h to about 1000 MMBtu/h is exhibited in the combustion chamber. 1. A system , comprising:a combustion chamber having a chamber structure including sidewalls;a first stage having one or more first inlets, the one or more first inlets having one or more first inlet directions incident to respective areas of the sidewalls at one or more first inlet angles, the one or more first inlets configured to provide fluid for combustion in the combustion chamber, the first stage producing one or more of an axial jet and a radial jet within the combustion chamber;a second stage having one or more second inlets, the one or more second inlets having one or more second inlet directions incident to respective areas of the sidewalls at one or more second inlet angles, the one or more second inlets configured to provide fluid for combustion in the combustion chamber, the second ...

Systems and processes for maintaining ethylbenzene dehydration catalyst activity

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

DEVICE FOR THE ENERGY-OPTIMISED PRODUCTION OF FLUID EDDIES IN A REACTION CHAMBER

The invention relates to a device consisting of a reactor facility for the flow dynamics treatment of fluid or gaseous media or mixtures of the two. In the context of this invention, flow dynamics treatment means the energy-optimised production of at least one rotating fluid eddy together with an eversion of the at least one fluid eddy and the bursting open of organic constituents dissolved in the fluid medium with inner cell pressure (Turgor). The guided fluid eddy is treated, cleaned and disinfected in the reactor facility according to the invention. The invention further relates to a method for the flow dynamics treatment of fluid media in the reactor facility according to the invention. 113410. A device in the form of a flow dynamic reactor facility () for receiving a fluid medium for producing at least one guided fluid eddy , including a housing ( , ) and an outlet pipe () , wherein{'b': 3', '4, 'the housing (, )'}{'b': 18', '19', '2, 'by means of the fluid-contact-side inner walls forms a fluid-carrying hollow chamber, hereinafter called reaction chamber (, ), that is rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis ();'}{'b': 18', '19, 'wherein the reaction chamber (, )'}{'b': 18', '19, 'is split in the flow direction of the fluid medium into an upper part () and a lower part ()'}{'b': '18', 'claim-text': [{'b': 20', '21', '20', '21', '27, 'has a top face () and a bottom face (), wherein the top face () and/or bottom face () have a setting angle to the longitudinal axis () of 80° to 115°,'}, {'b': '22', 'has a transition region from the top face to the bottom face (),'}, {'b': 22', '9', '10, 'in the transition region from the top face to the bottom face () has a maximum radius () referred to the outer wall of the outlet pipe (),'}, {'b': 22', '6', '18', '34, 'in the transition region from the top face to the bottom face () has at least one delivery opening (), located tangentially to the jacket face of the upper part of the reaction chamber (), with a fluid ...

Alkylbenzene hydroperoxide production using dispersed bubbles of oxygen containing gas

An apparatus for oxidation of a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene reactant to a C 8 -C 12 alkylbenzene hydroperoxide product, the re-actor can comprise: a flow reactor comprising a reactant inlet, an oxidate product outlet, wherein the reactor is configured to provide a liquid flow from the reactant inlet to the product outlet, a gas inlet configured to introduce an oxygen-containing gas into the reactor and an inlet sparger configured to flow gas bubbles comprising the oxygen-containing gas within the liquid flow, and wherein: the inlet sparger is configured to flow the gas bubbles having a diameter of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm over a gas bubble residence time from 1 to 200 seconds, and/or the inlet sparger configured to flow the gas bubbles such that greater than or equal to 80% of the gas bubbles do not coalesce into larger bubbles over a gas bubble residence time of 1 to 200 seconds.

Retractable nozzle for refractory-lined equipment

A refractory-lined equipment includes a vessel defining an interior at least partially lined with a refractory material, and a nozzle assembly coupled to the vessel and extending into the interior. The nozzle assembly includes an outer sleeve fixed to the sidewall and extending through an aperture defined in the sidewall, the outer sleeve defining a central passageway, and a nozzle cartridge assembly positionable within the central passageway and including an inner sleeve, a refractory lining disposed about the inner sleeve, and a nozzle positioned within the inner sleeve. The nozzle cartridge assembly is removably coupled to the outer sleeve external to the vessel.

DEVICE COMPRISING A REACTOR FACILITY AND METHOD FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT, WITH RELATION TO FLOW DYNAMICS, OF FLUID OR GASEOUS MEDIA OR MIXTURES OF THE TWO IN THE REACTOR FACILITY, AND USE OF THE DEVICE AND THE METHOD

The invention relates to a device consisting of a reactor facility for the electrolytic treatment, with relation to flow dynamics, of fluid or gaseous media or mixtures of the two. In the context of this invention, electrolytic treatment with relation to flow dynamics means the combination of the production of at least one rotating fluid eddy and the eversion of the eddy by means of electrolysis taking place in the reactor facility. The guided fluid eddy is efficiently treated, cleaned and disinfected by this combination in the reactor facility according to the invention. The invention further relates to a method for the electrolytic treatment, with relation to flow dynamics, of fluid media in the reactor facility according to the invention. 1134734. A device in the form of a flow dynamic reactor facility () for receiving a fluid medium for producing and flow-dynamically/electrolytically treating at least one guided fluid eddy , including a housing ( , ) and an outlet pipe () , wherein the housing ( , ){'b': 15', '16', '2, 'by means of the fluid-contact-side inner walls forms a fluid-carrying hollow chamber, hereinafter called reaction chamber (, ), that is rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis ();'}{'b': 15', '16, 'claim-text': {'b': 15', '16, 'claim-text': [{'b': 15', '6', '15', '15', '16, 'and the upper part of the reaction chamber () has at least one delivery opening (), located tangentially to the jacket face of the upper part of the reaction chamber (), through which delivery opening the fluid medium is introduced into the reaction chamber (, );'}, {'b': 16', '18', '17', '12', '8', '7, 'and the lower part of the reaction chamber () extends in the flow direction as far as the lower boundary () of a curved floor region (), in which a geometrically ascendingly shaped fluid passage () diverts the fluid medium into an inlet opening () of the outlet pipe (); and'}], 'is split in the flow direction of the fluid medium into an upper part () and a lower ...

PYROLYTIC REACTOR

A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone. 1. A method to produce acetylene , comprising:introducing a fuel and an oxidizer into a fuel injection zone;combusting said fuel and said oxidizer in a combustion zone to create a carrier stream;accelerating the carrier stream to supersonic speed in an expansion zone;injecting first feedstock material using a first plurality of injection nozzles arranged annularly on a first transverse plane into a feedstock injection zone;delivering said first feedstock material from each of said first plurality of injection nozzles to a first radial depth within said carrier stream;injecting second feedstock material using a second plurality of injection nozzles annularly on a second transverse plane of the feedstock injection zone; anddelivering said second feedstock material from each of said second plurality of injection nozzles to a second radial depth within said carrier stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a feedstock target radial penetration depth for each nozzle in said first and second plurality of injection nozzles is different from a feedstock target radial penetration depth for all other injection nozzles in said first and second plurality of injection nozzles.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transitioning claim 1 , in a reaction zone claim 1 , said carrier stream from supersonic speed to subsonic ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DISPERSION

A method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion, which enable high-speed and highly-efficient production of a dispersion of a reaction product having desired properties, are provided. The present invention relates to such a method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion. In the method and the apparatus, a first substance is dissolved or dispersed in a first liquid, a second substance is dissolved or dispersed in a second liquid or a low dielectric liquid, a phase of the second liquid and a phase of the low dielectric liquid are one on top of the other in such a manner that the two phases are separated from each other, a spray port of a nozzle is disposed in the low dielectric liquid phase, or is disposed at a position apart from the two phases but close to the low dielectric liquid phase in such a manner that the spray port is oriented to a liquid surface of the low dielectric liquid phase, and an electrode is disposed in the second liquid phase. In these states, droplets of the first liquid in which the first substance is dissolved or dispersed, are charged by generating a potential difference between the nozzle and the electrode, and are electrostatically sprayed from the spray port of the nozzle. In the method and the apparatus, the first liquid which was electrostatically sprayed, passes through the phase of the low dielectric liquid and reaches the phase of the second liquid so that the reaction product is dispersed in the second liquid phase or in the low dielectric liquid phase. 1. A method for producing a dispersion of a reaction product between first and second substances , the method comprising the step of: disposed in a phase of a low dielectric liquid out of two phases of a phase of a second liquid and the phase of the low dielectric liquid arranged one on top of the other with two-phase separation; or', 'disposed at a position apart from the two phases but close to the phase of the low dielectric liquid in such a manner that the spray port of ...

DISTRIBUTOR AND DOWN FLOW CATALYTIC REACTOR COMPRISING SAME

The present invention relates to a distributor and a down flow catalytic reactor comprising same, and according to one aspect of the present invention, provides a distributor comprising: an inside downcomer which has a first flow space; an outside downcomer which is disposed so as to surround at least some area of the inside downcomer, and has a second flow space partitioned from the first flow space of the inside downcomer; an outside cap which has a plurality of first slots and is mounted on the inside downcomer so as to enable a fluid that has passed through the first slots to flow to the first flow space; and an inside cap which has a plurality of second slots and is mounted on the outside downcomer so as to enable a fluid that has passed through the second slots to flow to the second flow space. 1. A distributor comprising an inside downcomer which has a first flow space;an outside downcomer which is disposed so as to surround at least some area of the inside downcomer and has a second flow space partitioned from the first flow space of the inside downcomer;an outside cap which has a plurality of first slots and is mounted on said inside downcomer so that a fluid passing through the first slots can flow into the first flow space; andan inside cap which has a plurality of second slots and is mounted on said outside downcomer so that a fluid passing through the second slots can flow into the second flow space.2. The distributor according to claim 1 , whereinthe inside cap is disposed inside the outside cap such that the fluid passing through the first slots passes through the second slots and is moved into the second flow space.3. The distributor according to claim 1 , whereinthe distributor is provided so that the inside downcomer has a first diameter and a first height, andthe outside downcomer has a second diameter larger than the first diameter and a second height lower than the first height.4. The distributor according to claim 1 , whereinthe inside ...

Production system for vapor-grown carbon nanofibers

In a production system for vapor-grown carbon nanofibers includes a static mixer and a micro mist nozzle for preventing un-uniform input material from forming impurities, an anti-adhering coating covering an inner wall of a vertical tubular reactor for preventing a catalyst, raw material and carbon fibers from adhering to the inner wall of the vertical tubular reactor, and a sedimentation device into which a dispersant and water are inputted to separate produced carbon fiber compositions from particulate impurities in water.

SUGAR ALCOHOL SPLIT INJECTION CONVERSION

A method of hydrotreating liquefied biomass feedstock with diesel feedstock to produce alkanes is demonstrated that prevents damage to the reactor catalyst, reduces coke production, and converts nearly all of the polyols to alkanes. In order to mitigate the potential coking issue and to moderate the temperature of the catalyst bed while maintaining high conversion for sugar alcohol to hydrocarbon via a hydrotreating process, a diesel feedstock is fed over the reactor catalyst with multiple injections of polyol feedstock along the reactor. 1. A system for producing renewable fuels , comprising:a) a reactor comprising a first end and a second end and containing a-hydrotreating catalyst;b) a fuel oil feedstock injector operably connected to the first end of the reactor and configured to inject a fuel oil feedstock into the reactor,c) a polyol feedstock injector operably connected at or near the first end of the reactor, and configured to inject a polyol feedstock into the reactord) a second polyol feedstock injectors operably connected to the reactor at a location that is more proximate to the reactor second end than the first polyol feedstock injector, each polyol feedstock injector configured to inject and mix the polyol feedstock with the fuel oil feedstock and the hydrotreating catalyst to generate alkanes.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heater to heat said system fuel oil feedstock to reaction temperature prior to entering said reactor via said fuel oil feedstock injector.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said polyol feedstock comprises a member of the group consisting of Glycol claim 1 , Glycerol claim 1 , Erythritol claim 1 , Threitol claim 1 , Arabitol claim 1 , Ribitol claim 1 , Xylitol claim 1 , Allitol claim 1 , Dulcitol claim 1 , Galactitol claim 1 , Iditol claim 1 , Mannitol claim 1 , Sorbitol claim 1 , Isomalt claim 1 , Lactitol claim 1 , Maltitol claim 1 , Trehalose and combinations thereof.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said fuel ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

The apparatus described herein comprises a first reaction chamber having an inlet for a hydrocarbon medium, particularly a gas having the composition CH, and an outlet. Means for decomposing the hydrocarbons into carbon particles and hydrogen by introducing heat are provided between the inlet and the outlet in the first reaction chamber. The apparatus also comprises a second reaction chamber having an elongated configuration and having a first inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end, wherein the first inlet of the second reaction chamber is connected with the outlet of the first reaction chamber, and wherein the second reaction chamber comprises a widening flow cross-section (measured perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the second reaction chamber) between the inlet and the outlet. In addition, at least one second inlet into the second reaction chamber is provided, wherein the second inlet can be connected to a source for COand/or HO. Preferably, the second inlet is connected with a source of CO, and therefore COis injected therewith during operation. A method for operating this apparatus is also described. The energy balance of a synthesis gas production can be improved with the apparatus and the method for operating compared with known methods. 121-. (canceled)2241-. (canceled)43. Apparatus according to claim 42 , wherein the apparatus has at least one third inlet into the second reaction chamber that is connectable with a source for HO-steam and/or CO.44. Apparatus according to claim 43 , wherein the second inlet is located in longitudinal direction of the second reaction chamber between the first inlet and the third inlet.45. Apparatus according to claim 42 , wherein the second reaction chamber has a flow cross-section at the outlet end which is at least 20% wider than at the inlet end.46. Apparatus according to claim 42 , wherein the second reaction chamber does not comprise a substantial decrease in flow cross-section between the inlet ...

Steady state high temperature reactor

A reactor comprising a thermal barrier surrounding a combustion zone. The reactor further comprises a cooling jacket inner wall and a binder disposed between the cooling jacket inner wall and the thermal barrier, and a cooling jacket outer wall, wherein the cooling jacket inner wall and the cooling jacket outer wall define a cooling channel. The reactor further comprises an outer reactor wall disposed over the cooling jacket outer wall, wherein the outer reactor wall is impermeable and is configured to contain high pressure gas within the reactor.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NANOPARTICLES FROM A LIQUID MIXTURE

A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow comprises the steps of feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature into the at least one reactor, adding at least one fuel having a temperature to the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture is above the autoignition temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture, introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture; autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the stabilized flame to form nanoparticles from the metal salt precursor, removing the formed nanoparticles. 1. A process for the production of nanoparticles from a liquid mixture comprising at least one precursor and at least one solvent in a reactor with continuous through-flow , comprising:{'sub': 'I', 'a) feeding at least one oxygen-containing gas inflow stream having a temperature Tinto the at least one reactor,'}{'sub': F', 'IM', 'IM', 'AIM, 'b) adding at least one fuel having a temperature Tto the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream, wherein the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas inflow stream form a homogeneous ignitable mixture having a temperature T, wherein the temperature of the homogeneous ignitable mixture Tis above the autoignition temperature Tof the homogeneous ignitable mixture,'}c) introducing at least one precursor-solvent mixture into the homogeneous ignitable mixture,d) autoignition of the ignitable mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel after an ignition delay time tip to form a stabilized flame and reacting the precursor-solvent mixture in the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for increasing yield of a chemical reaction , the method comprising:generating a liquid spray discharge using a pneumatic sprayer, wherein the liquid spray discharge is generated from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;collecting in a collector the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; andrecirculating the unreacted molecules and the reaction product through the pneumatic sprayer, in order to allow a plurality of the unreacted molecules in the solvent to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby increasing a yield of the chemical reaction.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein a voltage source is operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein collecting comprises condensing the liquid spray discharge ...

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT A REACTION BETWEEN TWO NON-MISCIBLE FLUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES

A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing preferably arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids, wherein the backmixed zone comprises at least one inlet and the plug-flow zone comprises an outlet and the backmixed zone comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the fluid of lower density, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the plug-flow zone and which comprises a first passage to the backmixed zone and a second passage to the plug-flow zone, a second internal element which delimits the backmixed zone from the plug-flow zone such that there is no direct fluid connection between the backmixed zone and the plug-flow zone, and backmixing-preventing third internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing. The reactor allows an optimal residence time distribution in the reaction of the two immiscible fluids of different density. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous reaction in the reactor. 114.-. (canceled)15. A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density , comprising:an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap,wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids,wherein the backmixed zone comprises ...

Reaction chamber for supercritical water oxidation reactor

Fuel mixed in water is combusted in a reactor having an internal operating pressure and temperature greater than 3200 psi and greater than 374° C., where the combustion of the fuel is exothermic. Air and fuel are pressurized for introduction into the reactor to a pressure greater than the internal operating pressure using energy generated from the combustion of the fuel, and the pressurized air and the pressurized fuel are injected into the reactor. Pressurized water from the reactor is injected into a drive water column that is partially filled with water to increase a pressure of the drive water column, and water at a temperature less than 100° C. is injected into the reactor to replace water from the reactor that is injected into the drive water column. Pressurized water from the drive water column is used to drive a hydroelectric drive system to produce electrical power.

OPTIMIZED INTRODUCTION OF THE STARTING MATERIALS FOR A PROCESS FOR PREPARING AROMATIC AMINES BY HYDROGENATION OF NITROAROMATICS

The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by hydrogenation of corresponding nitroaromatics by means of hydrogen, and also an apparatus suitable for this purpose. In particular, the invention relates to a process for preparing toluenediamine (TDA) by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene (DNT). 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a reactor,a driving jet nozzle at one end of the reactor, adapted for injecting a reaction mixture from a bottom region of the reactor via an external loop into the bottom region of the reactor,an inlet adapted for a nitroaromatic at one end of the reactor,an inlet adapted for hydrogen, anda measuring device adapted to detect partial or complete blocking of the inlet adapted for the nitroaromatic after improper contact between the inlet adapted for the nitroaromatic and a liquid phase in the reactor,wherein the apparatus is adapted such that, at a correct full height of the reactor, direct physical contact between the inlet adapted for the nitroaromatic and the liquid phase occurs neither in the reactor nor in a pumped circuit, either in an operating state or on shutting down, andwherein the apparatus is adapted to hydrogenate the nitroaromatic with the hydrogen in the reactor in the presence of a suspended catalyst in the liquid phase, thereby obtaining an aromatic amine.19. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein the reactor is vertical.20. The apparatus according to claim 18 , further comprising a central plug-in tube in a longitudinal direction of the reactor.21. The apparatus according to claim 18 , further comprising a heat exchanger in an interior of the reactor claim 18 , adapted to allow cooling water to flow and take up part of the heat of reaction.22. The apparatus according to claim 18 , adapted to introduce the hydrogen at a lower end of the reactor.23. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein the inlet adapted for the nitroaromatic is distinct from the driving jet nozzle.24. The apparatus ...

Jet loop reactor having nanofiltration

The invention relates to a device for the continuous, homogeneous-catalysis reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally an additional fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one reactor having an external liquid circulation driven by a pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation stage that preferably holds back the homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the invention is to specify a device that allows homogeneous-catalysis gas/liquid phase reactions, in particular hydroformylations, which operate with membrane separation of the catalyst to be performed economically at an industrially relevant scale. Said aim is achieved in that a jet loop reactor is provided as the reactor, and that the pump and the membrane separation stage are arranged in the same external liquid circuit.

PNEUMATICALLY AGITATED IONIC LIQUID ALKYLATION USING VAPORIZATION TO REMOVE REACTION HEAT

Systems and apparatus for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, such as alkylation, using vaporization to remove reaction heat from an ionic liquid reactor and to provide mixing therein, wherein hydrocarbon vapors are withdrawn from the ionic liquid reactor and the withdrawn hydrocarbon vapor is recovered by a hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquid reactor for recycling condensed hydrocarbons to the ionic liquid reactor. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation are also disclosed. 1. A system , comprising:an ionic liquid reactor configured for performing an ionic liquid catalyzed exothermic hydrocarbon conversion reaction, wherein the ionic liquid reactor comprises a hydrocarbon vapor outlet configured for withdrawing hydrocarbon vapor from the ionic liquid reactor;at least one ionic liquid injection nozzle disposed within the ionic liquid reactor, each said ionic liquid injection nozzle configured for injecting ionic liquid catalyst into the ionic liquid reactor;at least one hydrocarbon feed injection unit disposed within the ionic liquid reactor, each said hydrocarbon feed injection unit configured for injecting a hydrocarbon feed stream into the ionic liquid reactor;a hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon vapor outlet, wherein the hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit is configured for receiving hydrocarbon vapor withdrawn from the ionic liquid reactor and for condensing the withdrawn hydrocarbon vapor to provide a condensed hydrocarbon liquid stream; anda condensed hydrocarbon liquid conduit, in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit, configured for recycling the condensed hydrocarbon liquid stream to the ionic liquid reactor.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein:the ionic liquid reactor is substantially cylindrical,the ionic liquid reactor is oriented in an orientation selected from the group consisting of vertically oriented and horizontally ...

DEVICE FOR MIXING AND COOLING TWO REACTIVE LIQUIDS AND METHOD OF MAKING PEROXOMONOSULPHURIC ACID WITH THE DEVICE

A device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids, comprising a bundle type heat exchanger with parallel tubes, a head space open to one end of all tubes, a first inlet to the head space for introducing a first liquid and a second inlet to the head space with a multitude of nozzles for introducing a second liquid, the nozzles being located within the head space and oriented to direct the introduced liquid transverse to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle, is useful for making peroxomonosulphuric acid from 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid introduced into the first inlet of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide introduced into the second inlet of the device. 112-. (canceled)12. A device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids , comprising a bundle type heat exchanger , said heat exchanger comprising a multitude of parallel tubes arranged in a common enclosure , a head space open to one end of all tubes of the tube bundle , and a first inlet to the head space for introducing a first liquid , wherein the device comprises a second inlet to the head space with a multitude of nozzles for introducing a second liquid , said nozzles being located within the head space and oriented to direct the introduced liquid transverse to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle.13. The device of claim 12 , wherein said nozzles are oriented to direct the introduced liquid at an angle essentially perpendicular to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle.14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the first and the second inlet are coaxial with the tube bundle claim 12 , the first inlet is an outer tube connected to the head space and the second inlet is an inner tube arranged within the outer tube and protruding into the head space.15. The device of claim 12 , wherein the second inlet is a tube protruding into the head space claim 12 , the tube being closed at the end located within the head space claim 12 , and the nozzles are slot nozzles in the tube walls. ...

VORTEX WATER FLOW GENERATOR, WATER PLASMA GENERATOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR MOUNTED VEHICLE, AND DECOMPOSITION METHOD

In order to stabilize injection of water plasma, a vortex water flow generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference, a first middle partition and a second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion. The first middle partition and the second middle partition respectively have an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. An opening of the second middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than an opening of the first middle partition on the side of the negative electrode. 1. A vortex water flow generator , placed between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a water plasma generator , to form a vortex water flow for allowing arc discharge generated between the negative and positive electrodes to pass through , the vortex water flow generator comprising:a cylindrical portion configured to form the vortex water flow along an inner circumference;a one-end-side partition, the-other-end-side partition and a plurality of middle partitions, which are provided in the cylindrical portion;wherein the middle partitions protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion;wherein each of the middle partitions is configured to have an opening which is formed to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion, andwherein the opening of the middle partition on the side of the positive electrode is larger than the opening of the middle partition on the side of the negative electrode.2. The vortex water flow generator according to claim 1 , wherein the one-end-side partition is disposed in one end side of the cylindrical portion-facing the negative electrode claim 1 , and the-other-end-side partition is disposed in the other end side of the cylindrical portion claim 1 , andwherein each of the one-end-side ...

STERILIZING COMPONENT REMOVAL DEVICE, DISINFECTION DEVICE, DISINFECTED ENVIRONMENT MAINTAINING SYSTEM, AND STERILIZING COMPONENT REMOVAL METHOD

A sterilizing component removal device which reduces a sterilizing component sprayed in a working chamber having an outlet includes a sprayer which supplies, in an atomized manner, a liquid different from the sterilizing component into the working chamber. 1. A sterilizing component removal device which removes a sterilizing component sprayed in a working chamber having an outlet , the sterilizing component removal device comprisinga first sprayer which supplies, in an atomized manner, a liquid different from the sterilizing component into the working chamber.2. The sterilizing component removal device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first sprayer supplies, in the atomized manner, the liquid which includes a substance which promotes gasification of the sterilizing component which is liquefied, into the working chamber.3. The sterilizing component removal device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first sprayer supplies, in the atomized manner, the liquid which includes an active species which decomposes the sterilizing component, into the working chamber.4. The sterilizing component removal device according to claim 3 , further comprising:a liquid source for supplying the liquid to the first sprayer; anda plasma generator which generates plasma to generate the active species in the liquid stored in the liquid source.5. A disinfection device comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the sterilizing component removal device according to ,'}wherein the first sprayer further supplies, in the atomized manner, the sterilizing component into the working chamber.6. A disinfection device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the sterilizing component removal device according to ; and'}a second sprayer which supplies, in an atomized manner, the sterilizing component into the working chamber.7. A disinfected environment maintaining system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the sterilizing component removal ...

Method, a bubble generating nozzle, and an apparatus for generating micro-nano bubbles

A new method for generating micro-nano bubbles that uses water hammering, a bubble generating nozzle, and an apparatus for generating micro-nano bubbles are provided to construct a system. The system is for generating micro-nano bubbles in a large amount using only pure water, which does not include any nucleating agents, and for performing not only a clean washing and sterilization but also generation of uncontaminated micro-nano bubbles. The method defined in the present invention uses water hammering power produced by a mutual collision of jets of dissolved-gas-including solution squirted from two or more spouts. The bubble generating nozzle by the present invention has a configuration, comprising: a hollow cylinder having two or more small through-holes arrayed in the circumferential direction thereof and a micro-nano bubble discharge port provided on the both ends of the hollow cylinder, wherein the small through-holes are arranged so that all of their extension lines passing through respective center of the cross-section of each of the small through-holes intersect each other in the inside of the hollow of the cylinder. The apparatus for generating bubble by the present invention has such bubble generating nozzle and has a configuration that enables generation of micro-nano bubbles in a large amount.

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALKENYL HALOSILANES, AND REACTOR SUITED THEREFOR

Described is a method for producing alkenyl halosilanes by reacting alkenyl halide selected from the group comprising vinyl halide, vinylidene halide, and allyl halide with halosilane selected from the group comprising monohalosilane, dihalosilane, and trihalosilane in the gas phase in a reactor comprising a reaction tube () that has an inlet () at one end and an outlet () at the other end, said reactor further comprising an annular-gap nozzle () that is mounted on the inlet (), extends into the reaction tube (), and has a central supply duct () for one reactant () and a supply duct (), which surrounds the central supply duct (), for the other reactant (). In order to carry out said method, alkenyl halide is injected into the reaction tube () through the central supply duct (), halosilane is injected thereinto through the surrounding supply duct (), and both substances flow through the reaction tube () in the direction of the outlet (). The described method allows alkenyl halosilanes to be produced at a high yield and with great selectivity. The amount of soot formed is significantly lower than in conventional reators. The invention also relates to a reactor for carrying out gas-phase reactions, said reactor being characterized by at least the following elements: A) a reaction tube () that has B) an inlet () at one end, C) an outlet () at the other end, and D) an annular-gap nozzle () which includes a central supply duct () for one reactant () and a supply duct (), which surrounds the central supply duct (), for another reactant (), said nozzle being mounted on the inlet () and extending into the reaction tube (). 11234576582115613. Process for preparing alkenylhalosilanes by reacting alkenyl halide selected from the group of vinyl halide , vinylidene halide and allyl halide with halosilane selected from the group of mono- , di- and trihalosilane in the gas phase in a reactor comprising a reaction tube () equipped with an inlet () at one end of the tube and with an ...

MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF ALKOXYSILANE-BASED SPRAY FOAMS

Disclosed herein is a multicomponent system comprising at least two separate components A and B, component A containing an alkoxysilane-terminated prepolymer and component B containing a mixture comprising a component B1 containing water and a component B2 containing a polyol having at least two OH-groups and a molar mass from >62 to <500 g/mol, where the proportion of component B2 in component B is from >20% by weight to <80% by weight. Also disclosed herein is a multichamber pressurized can comprising a multicomponent system as disclosed herein, and to a shaped body obtainable by polymerizing the multicomponent system disclosed herein. 1. A multi-component system comprising at least two separate components A and B , wherein component A comprises an alkoxysilane-terminated pre-polymer and component B comprises a mixture comprising a component B1 comprising water , and a component B2 comprising a polyol having at least two OH-groups and a molar mass ≧62 and ≦500 g/mol , wherein the content of component B2 within component B is >20 wt % and ≦80 wt %.2. Multi-component system according to claim 1 , wherein component B1 has a pH-value ≧3.0 and ≦9.0 at 20° C.3. Multi-component system according to claim 1 , wherein component B1 comprises at least one buffer system.4. Multi-component system according to claim 3 , wherein the buffer system is based on at least one organic carboxylic acid and its conjugate base.5. Multi-component system according to claim 4 , wherein the buffer system comprises acetic acid claim 4 , succinic acid claim 4 , tartaric acid claim 4 , malic acid claim 4 , or citric acid claim 4 , or a combination thereof claim 4 , and the respective conjugate base thereof.6. Multi-component system according to claim 3 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system in the component B1 is from 0.001 to 2.0 mol/L.7. Multi-component system according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol of component B2 comprises at least three OH-groups.8. Multi-component system ...

Controlled Thin Film Vapor Generator for Liquid Volume Reduction

A reactor comprising a plurality of vessels, each having a heat exchange surface for processing a fluid as a thin film flow, the vessels arranged in a concentric manner; a plurality of annular spaces situated between the vessels; and a pathway for directing a heat exchange fluid from one vessel to an adjacent vessel for creating a temperature differential between the heat exchange surfaces and the fluid being processed. A system comprising a fluid source, a reactor, and a vapor outlet and a processed fluid outlet through generated vapor and processed fluid are directed out of the reactor, respectively. A method comprising providing a plurality of concentrically arranged surfaces in spaced relation, distributing a fluid to be processed against the surfaces in a controlled manner to form a substantially uniform thin film flow thereon, and evaporating at least a portion of the fluid being processed along the plurality of surfaces. 1. A reactor comprising:a plurality of vessels, each having at least one heat exchange surface along which a fluid being processed can flow as a thin film, the plurality of vessels being arranged in a concentric manner so as to provide increased surface area within a given footprint for processing the fluid;a plurality of annular spaces, each situated between adjacent vessels, for accommodating the fluid being processed and processing by-products thereof; anda pathway for directing a heat exchange fluid from one vessel to an adjacent vessel, the heat exchange fluid serving to create a temperature differential between the heat exchange surfaces of the vessels and the fluid being processed there along.2. A reactor as set forth in claim 1 , wherein an inner and outer surface of each inner vessel both serve as heat exchange surfaces for the fluid being processed.3. A reactor as set forth in claim 1 , wherein one or more of the heat exchange surfaces includes a profiled pattern to create additional surface area over which the fluid being processed ...

FLUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND PROCESS

Liquid treatment apparatus comprises at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow. The two chambers are separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber. The choke nozzle () comprises a converging section at its entrance (), a throat section (), a backward-facing step () immediately after the throat section (), and an exit section at its exit () wherein the exit section () diverges from the step (). Similarly constructed mixing nozzles () may be included in the apparatus. The apparatus is especially useful in processes requiring a gas to be entrained in a fluid so that the gas is in the form of very small bubbles that do not tend to coalesce and flash off such as in the dissolution of gold and other precious metals from ore in the removal of arsenic from an ore. 1. Fluid treatment apparatus comprising at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow , the two chambers being separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber , wherein the choke nozzle comprises a converging section at its entrance , a throat section , a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section , and an exit section at its exit which opens into the second chamber wherein the choke nozzle is configured to promote cavitation resulting from choked flow under normal operating conditions.2. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in in which the converging section claim 1 , the throat and the exit section are each of circular shape in cross-section and the exit section diverges.3. Fluid treatment apparatus as claimed in in which mixing nozzles are included in the apparatus for mixing fluids either before they enter a choke nozzle or after they leave a choke nozzle claim 1 , or both and wherein a mixing nozzle has a converging section at its entrance claim 1 , a throat section claim 1 , a ...