ELEKTROMAGNETISCH ASSISTIERTE CHEMISCHE BEHANDLUNG

FLUIDIZED BEDS

Improvement with the mode of introduction of gas reagents within a solid matter mass.

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLYOLEFIN JUNKS FOR HYDROCARBONS AND PLANT FOR EXECUTION THIS PROCEDURE

Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions

REACTING GAS AND NON-GAS IN VORTEX SEPARATOR

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING A FLUIDISED BED IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS.

METHOD PERFECTED FOR CATALYSER SUPPLY, A FEEDER OF CATALYSER AND THE USE OF THEM IN A POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

Storing and transporting energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

Process and apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal polyphosphates

The disclosure relates to a process for making alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates. To this end, the disclosure provides for an alkali metal phosphate solution or suspension to be forced through at least one nozzle and for them to be sprayed inside a spray tower through a flame zone produced by a one or more burners arranged in annular fashion. More particularly, the disclosure provides for fine particulate alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates, to be additionally introduced into the spray tower from above and for them to be regularly distributed across the spray region(s) of the nozzle(s) with formation of agglomerated products. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process. The apparatus is comprised of a cylindrical spray tower (1) having a tapered lower end (3) and being closed by means of a cover (2); a spray means (6) being passed centrally through the cover (2); a plurality of burners (11) and ...

Реактор для обработки жидких сред с твердой фазой

Изобретение относится к химическому машиностроению, в частности к реактору для обработки жидких сред, и позволяет повысить производительность Реактор со держит корпус с патрубками для пота ч и исходных компонентов, привод перемети вающее устройство и закрепленные на днище изогнутые по форме днища дугообразные перегородки, вогнутые поверхности которых расположены навстречу направлению вращо ния перемешивающего устройства 4 ил ...

VERFAHREN ZUR ERHOEHUNG DER GESCHWINDIGKEIT DER CHEMISCHEN REAKTION ZWISCHEN FLUESSIGEN UND FESTEN REAKTANTEN UNTER ANWENDUNG EINER ZENTRIFUGALKRAFT

PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

A method for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for performing the method

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ASSISTED CHEMICAL PROCESSING

A window allows the introduction of radiation energy into an annular processing chamber (44) filled with a material to be processed. The chamber is formed from coaxial cylinder members (30,32) rapidly rotating relative to one another. The chamber (44) can be thin enough so that it is short compared to the penetration depth of the radiation through the material, providing even exposure of the material to the radiation. Also, eddies created in the material by the relative rotation enhances the even exposure. When the material inside the annular processing chamber (44) is opaque, resulting in an insignificant penetration depth, the eddies still insure that the material is evenly exposed to the irradiation.

STORING AND TRANSPORTING ENERGY IN PUMPABLE HYDROGEN STORAGE FLUID

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

Apparatus and Method for Separation, Recovery, and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste and the Like

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING AND the MAINTENANCE Of a BED FLUIDIZE IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS

PROCESS FOR HIGH SHEAR GAS-LIQUID REACTIONS

A reactor produces a gas-in-liquid emulsion for providing increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the gas for improved reaction of the gas with the liquid, or more rapid solution or reaction of a difficulty soluble or immiscible gas in or with a liquid. The reactor is suitable for a continuous or batch type process. Rotor and stator cylindrical members are mounted for rotation relative to one another and have opposing surfaces spaced to form an annular processing passage. The gap distance between the opposing surfaces and the relative rotation rate of the cylindrical members are such as to form a gas-in-liquid emulsion of the gas in the liquid. The liquid and gas pass through the processing passage, changing into the gas-in-liquid emulsion.

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons

A process for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon, said process comprising partially oxidising in a reaction zone, a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is capable of supporting oxidation of the hydrocarbon, wherein prior to said partial oxidation, said mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing gas is passed through a heat exchanger. Preferably the heat exchanger is a compact heat exchanger. Prior to passage through the heat exchanger a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas may be passed through a baffle zone which comprises a housing containing at least one baffle plate. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process for the production of an olefin such as ethylene by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons.

Многосекционная колонна для массообмена

Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Gasen und Daempfen mit festen koernigen bis pulverfoermigen oder fluessigen Mitteln

PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CHEMICAL TREATMENT ASSISTED

Catalyst delivery method and catalyst feeder

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

A process for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon, said process comprising partially oxidising in a reaction zone, a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst whic his capable of supporting oxidation of the hydrocarbon, wherein prior to said partial oxidation, said mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing gas is passed through a heat exchanger. Preferably the heat exchanger is a compact heat exchanger. Prior to passage through the heat exchanger a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas may be passed through a baffle zone which comprises a housing containing at least one baffle plate. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process for the production of an olefin such as ethylene by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ASSISTED CHEMICAL PROCESSING

A window allows the introduction of radiation energy into an annular processing chamber (44) filled with a material to be processed. The chamber is formed from coaxial cylinder members (30,32) rapidly rotating relative to one another. The chamber (44) can be thin enough so that it is short compared to the penetration depth of the radiation through the material, providing even exposure of the material to the radiation. Also, eddies created in the material by the relative rotation enhances the even exposure. When the material inside the annular processing chamber (44) is opaque, resulting in an insignificant penetration depth, the eddies still insure that the material is evenly exposed to the irradiation.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING AND the MAINTENANCE Of a BED FLUIDIZE IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID REACTANTS USING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Improvement with the mode of introduction of gas reagents within a solid matter mass

A method for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for carrying thereof

Process and apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal polyphosphates

POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURE IN A FILLING, PULSATING COLUMN.

Procedure and rotary barrel for introducing gaseous reagents into a mass from firm materials

FLUIDIZED BED LEVEL MEASUREMENT

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ALKALI METAL POLYPHOSPHATES

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ALKALI METAL POLYPHOSPHATES The disclosure relates to a process for making alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates, To this end,the disclosure provides for an alkali metal phosphate solution or suspension to be forced through at least one nozzle and for them to be sprayed inside a spray tower through a flame zone produced by a one or more burners arranged in annular fashion. More particularly, the disclosure provides for fine particulate alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates, to be additionally introduced into the spray tower from above and for them to be regularly distributed across the spray region(s) of the nozzle(s) with formation of agglomerated products. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process. The apparatus is comprised of a cylindrical spray tower (1) having a tapered lower end (3) and being closed by means of a cover (2); a spray means (6) being passed centrally ...

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

A process for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon, said process comprising partially oxidising in a reaction zone, a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst whic his capable of supporting oxidation of the hydrocarbon, wherein prior to said partial oxidation, said mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing gas is passed through a heat exchanger. Preferably the heat exchanger is a compact heat exchanger. Prior to passage through the heat exchanger a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas may be passed through a baffle zone which comprises a housing containing at least one baffle plate. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process for the production of an olefin such as ethylene by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons.

PROCESS AND DEVICE PERFECTED FOR THE PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF A LAYER OF TURBILHONANTE IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS

Process for making alkali metal polyphosphates

The disclosure relates to a process for making alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates. To this end, the disclosure provides for an alkali metal phosphate solution or suspension to be forced through at least one nozzle and for them to be sprayed inside a spray tower through a flame zone produced by a one or more burners arranged in annular fashion. More particularly, the disclosure provides for fine particulate alkali metal polyphosphates, especially alkali metal triphosphates, to be additionally introduced into the spray tower from above and for them to be regularly distributed across the spray region(s) of the nozzle(s) with formation of agglomerated products. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process. The apparatus is comprised of a cylindrical spray tower (1) having a tapered lower end (3) and being closed by means of a cover (2); a spray means (6) being passed centrally through the cover (2); a plurality of burners (11) and ...

VERFAHREN ZUR KATALYTISCHEN OXYDATION VON KOHLENWASSERSTOFFEN

ELEKTROMAGNETISCH ASSISTIERTE CHEMISCHE BEHANDLUNG

Verfahren zum Einleiten gasfoermiger Reagenzien in eine Masse aus festen Materialien

Electromagnetic wave assisted chemical processing

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons

Storing and transporting energy

A method for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for performing the method

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING A FLUIDIZED BED IN A HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM

Thin invention relates to a process for producing and maintaining a fluidized bed in a heterogeneous system and to an apparatus for carrying out the same. This process essentially comprises feeding the heterogeneous system in a column between at least two bases arranged over one another, opposed to one another and inclined in relation to the horizontal, said column forming a turbulent compartment in which the heterogeneous system is stirred in a turbulent movement because of the gravity and in which the heavier phase concentrates above the lower base, especially in its lower area, and from there flows into the space below the lower base while the lighter phase concentrates below the upper base, especially in its upper area, and from there flows into the space above the upper base or is conducted out of the column, the disperse phase thus being conducted through the column either in the direction from top to bottom when having a density greater than that of the continuous phase, or in the ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING A FLUIDIZED BED IN A HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ALKALI METAL POLYPHOSPHATES

Preparation of alkaline metal terephthalates

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОЛЛОИДНО-СТАБИЛЬНЫХ СУБМИКРОННЫХ И НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ БОРА СО СРЕДНИМ РАЗМЕРОМ МЕНЕЕ 200 НАНОМЕТРОВ

Изобретение относится к области получения субмикронных и наноразмерных частиц. Раскрыт способ получения коллоидно-стабильных субмикронных и наноразмерных частиц бора размером менее 200 нм, включающий измельчение порошка бора в планетарной мельнице в жидкостной среде, разбавление полученной суспензии и импульсную лазерную фрагментацию полученного раствора, в котором после упомянутой фрагментации полученный раствор центрифугируют, по меньшей мере, дважды, после чего полученный раствор подвергают воздействию ультразвуковых колебаний в течение 1-15 минут. Изобретение позволяет получить субмикронные и наноразмерные частицы бора со средним размером менее 200 нм, обладающие высокой коллоидной стабильностью. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 2 пр.

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID REACTANTS USING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

... 1411324 Ferric chloride CONTINENTAL CAN CO Inc 17 July 1973 [24 Oct 1972] 34053/73 Heading C1A [Also in Division B1] Used electrolyte comprising FeCl 3 and HCl is regenerated to FeCl 2 by introducing the electrolyte via 17 on to a rotating disc 31 which flings it onto a layer of iron particles 32 held by centrifugal force on perforated basket 19, the electrolyte passing through the iron particles and the wall of the basket and being drawn off at 35, fresh iron particles being supplied via conduit 24 and rotating disc 31, the perforations 30 being smaller than the iron particles.

PROCESS FOR REACTING NONGASEOUS MATERIAL WITH A GASEOUS REACTANT

STORING AND TRANSPORTING ENERGY

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID REACTANTS USING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Storing and transporting energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

CATALYST DELIVERY METHOD AND CATALYST FEEDER

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Alkaliterephthalaten

VERFAHREN ZUR UMWANDLUNG VON POLYOLEFIN-ALTMATERIALIEN ZU KOHLENWASSERSTOFFEN UND ANLAGE ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DIESES VERFAHREN

PROCESS FOR REACTING NONGASEOUS MATERIAL WITH A GASEOUS REACTANT

Apparatus and method for preparation for separation, recovery, and recycling of municipal solid waste and the like

Apparatus and method for separation, recovery, and recycling municipal solid waste and the like by introducing solid waste materials into a pressure vessel having a rotatable section. The vessel is disposed for subjecting the waste material to heat and pressure while simultaneously applying an extruding action to the solid waste material. The extruding action is achieved by a rotatable extruder mechanism carried in the pressure vessel and rotated in response to the rotating section thereof. The rotation forces the processed solid waste material through a pair of constricted areas before the waste material is expelled from the pressure vessel by rotation of the extruder mechanism.

MANUFACTURE AND APPARATUS FOR ALKALI POLYPHOSPHATE

Catalyst delivery method and catalyst feeder

CATALYST DELIVERY METHOD AND CATALYST FEEDER

The present invention relates to an improved catalyst delivery method for introducing a supported bulky ligand metallocene-type catalyst system to a reactor for polymerizing one or more olefin(s). In particular, the invention provides for a method of introducing a supported metallocene-type catalyst system into a polymerization reactor by and in the presence of a carrier solution of an antistatic agent and a liquid diluent. Also, the invention is directed toward a catalyst feeder for use in a polymerization process.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATION, RECOVERY, AND RECYCLING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND THE LIKE

Apparatus and method for separation, recovery, and recycling municipal solid waste and the like by introducing solid waste materials into a rotatable pressure vessel, rotating, pressurizing, and heating the pressure vessel and thus the waste material while simultaneously applying an extruding action to the solid waste material. The extruding action is achieved by a rotatable extruder mechanism carried in the pressure vessel which forces the processed solid waste material through a constricted area adjacent the exit of the pressure vessel.

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons

CATALYST DELIVERY METHOD AND CATALYST FEEDER

The present invention relates to an improved catalyst delivery method for introducing a supported bulky ligand metallocene-type catalyst system to a reactor for polymerizing one or more olefin(s). In particular, the invention provides for a method of introducing a supported metallocene-type catalyst system into a polymerization reactor by and in the presence of a carrier solution of an antistatic agent and a liquid diluent. Also, the invention is directed toward a catalyst feeder for use in a polymerization process.

A METHOD FOR TRANSFORMATION OF POLYOLEFIN WASTES INTO HYDROCARBONS AND A PLANT FOR CARRYING THEREOF

A method for transformation of polyolefin wastes into hydrocarbons, wherein a broken raw polyolefin material is subjected to a progressive heating with a catalyst in a closed reactor, and a product, after condensation is subjected to a distillation, characterized in that the disintegrated polyolefin raw material is subjected in a reactor to the progressive heating to the temperature below 600.degree.C together with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of cements, heavy metal resinates and mixtures thereof, where a catalyst is used in amount below 30% b.w., calculating on a weight of the polyolefin raw material.

FLUIDIZED BED LEVEL MEASUREMENT

FLUIDIZED BED LEVEL MEASUREMENT A system for determining the level of a fluidized bed using a minimum number of pressure sensors is disclosed. A pressure sensor is positioned at the base of the bed, at approximately eight feet above the distributor plate, and at one or more intermediate locations therebetween. The measurements from the foregoing sensors are selectively processed through the use of function blocks arranged in a specific logic arrangement to produce an output signal representative of the depth of the fluidized bed.

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID REACTANTS USING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

PROCESS FOR REACTING NONGASEOUS MATERIAL WITH A GASEOUS REACTANT

This invention relates to a new and novel method and apparatus for reacting nongaseous material with a gaseous reactant comprising introducing a first stream containing a nongaseous material into a reaction zone; simultaneously introducing a second stream containing a gaseous reactant into the reaction zone such that the gaseous reactant immediately contacts and reacts with the first stream thereby producing a gaseous product; forming a spiralling vortex within the reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including the gaseous product, from the nongaseous material; forming and removing a third stream from the reaction zone containing the gaseous product which is substantially free of the nongaseous material before a major portion of the gaseous product can react with the nongaseous material; and forming and removing a fourth stream containing the nongaseous material from the reaction zone. The method may be performed in an apparatus comprising a reactor structure having a ...

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID REACTANTS USING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions

A reactor produces a gas-in-liquid emulsion for providing increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the gas for improved reaction of the gas with the liquid, or more rapid solution or reaction of a difficulty to dissolve or immiscible gas in or with a liquid. The reactor is suitable for a continuous or batch type process. Rotor and stator cylindrical members are mounted for relative rotation one to the other and have opposing surfaces spaced to form an annular processing passage. The gap distance between the opposing surfaces and the relative rotation rate of the cylindrical members are such as to cause formation of a gas-in-liquid emulsion of the gas in the liquid, as the liquid and gas pass through the processing passage.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALKALI METAL POLYPHOSPHATES

Bed materials for fluidised bed reaction methods and fluidised bed reaction methods

A particle for a fluidised bed reaction method, comprising a bed material, preferably chamotte, and a catalyst, preferably a mixture of nickel, chromium with/without zinc oxide. The bed material and the catalyst preferably makes up 100 wt% of the particle or 98% with the remainder being unavoidable impurities. The particle, which may be refractory, stable up to at least 1100°C and with a Mohs hardness of at least 6, may have a particle size of 100 microns to 2 mm. The catalyst within the particle can be 250 microns or lower, measured using a MalvernTM Mastersizer 3000. The particle can comprise 1-50 wt% of catalyst. Also described is a method of forming the particle, comprising mixing the bed material and a catalyst and then calcining the mixture. The calcination temperature may be 1200-1675°C and can occur from 4-6 hours or as flash calcination from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. The product, which can be a plurality of particles, can be ground and/or sieved. A method of oxidising fuel, by either ...

Storing and transporting energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

A METHOD FOR TRANSFORMATION OF POLYOLEFINE WASTES INTO HYDROCARBONS AND A PLANT FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD

A subject of the invention is a method for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for carrying thereof. According to the method disintegrated polyolefine raw material is subjected in a reactor to the progressive heating to the temperature below 600 ~C together with a catalyst chosen from a group comprising cements, heavy metal silicates and calophonates and mixtures thereof, where a catalyst is used in amount below 30 % b.w., preferably in amount of 5-10 % b.w., calculating on a weight of the polyolefine raw material. A plant for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons, comprises a reactor in a shape of vertical tank provided with a heating system in a form of a combustion chamber (8) surrounding a tank from below and the said chamber (8) is heated with at least one burner (9), supplied with reaction products, and in the combustion chamber, symmetrically distributed on a tank circumference, preferably in some rows, heating pipes (10) are located ...

MIXING DEVICE FOR FLUIDS

POLYMERISATIONSVERFAHREN IN EINER GEFUELLTEN, PULSIERENDEN KOLONNE.

Bed materials for fluidised bed reaction methods and fluidised bed reaction methods

Process for the production of olefins

Improvements in Apparatus for Mixing Materials.

... 1,175,384. Mixing apparatus; chemical contact apparatus. POTASSE & ENGRAIS CHIMIQUES SOC. ANON. 22 March, 1967 [25 March, 1966], No. 13502/67. Headings B1C and B1F. [Also in Division F4] In a method and apparatus for treating divided solid material with a reactive gas the wall of a rotary drum is divided into longitudinal strips to which the gas is fed in succession under the solid materials by a conventional rotary distributor as the drum revolves. The inner wall of each strip 1a, 1b, 1c is covered by a flexible overlapping membrane 6 of metal foil or plastics material secured at its leading edge, so acting as a valve for the admission to the drum of gas from an orifice 3 and preventing escape of the solids. In another arrangement, the membranes are secured on all four edges and have slits acting as valves, (see Figures 4 and 6, not shown). The apparatus may be used for treatment with ammonia in fertilizer manufacture, granulation and drying.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING AND the MAINTENANCE Of a BED FLUIDIZE IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS

Método aperfeiçoado para fornecimento de catalisador, um alimentador de catalisador e o uso deles em um processo de polimerização

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF POUR L'OBTENTION ET LE MAINTIEN D'UN LIT FLUIDISE DANS DES SYSTEMES HETEROGENES

Storing and transporting energy

Among other things, hydrogen is released from water at a first location using energy from a first energy source; the released hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride slurry; and the metal hydride slurry is transported to a second location remote from the first location.

METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION

WORKING METHOD AND INSTITUTION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHEMICAL REAKTIES BETWEEN FLUID AND FIXED SUBSTANCE

FLUIDIZED BED LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons

Process for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon comprising partially oxidizing in a reaction zone, a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is capable of supporting oxidation of the hydrocarbon. Prior to the partial oxidation, the mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing gas is passed through a heat exchanger which provides a pressure drop which acts to even the velocity profile and ensure that the reactants flow uniformly over the catalyst.

KATALYSATORZUGABEVERFAHREN UND KATALYSATORZUGABEVORRICHTUNG

Electromagnetic wave assisted chemical processing

Método e instalação para a transformação de resìduos de poliolefina em hidrocarbonetos

Устройство усовершенствованной микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с нисходящим потоком и фиксированным слоем для производства нефтепродуктов

Полезная модель относится к устройству усовершенствованной микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с нисходящим потоком и фиксированным слоем для производства нефтепродуктов. Устройство включает в себя реактор с фиксированным слоем и генератор микроповерхностей, при этом генератор микроповерхностей расположен над реактором с фиксированным слоем для преобразования энергии давления водорода и/или кинетической энергии нефтепродукта во время реакции в поверхностную энергию пузырька и передачи поверхностной энергии пузырьку водорода, так что пузырек водорода дробится на микропузырьки и микропузырьки смешиваются с нефтепродуктом в процессе реакции для образования газожидкостной эмульсии; реактор с фиксированным слоем используется в качестве места протекания реакции гидрирования для образования стабильной усовершенствованной газожидкостной системы для реакции с фиксированным слоем, когда газожидкостная эмульсия поступает в реактор с фиксированным слоем; резервуар для разделения газа и жидкости соединен с реактором с фиксированным слоем для отделения газа от жидкости в смеси, являющейся результатом реакции в реакторе с фиксированным слоем. Устройство микроповерхностной реакции гидрирования с фиксированным слоем имеет преимущества низкого потребления энергии, низкого рабочего давления, большой площади межфазной границы массопереноса газ-жидкость, высокой видимой скорости реакции и высокой эффективности использования газа. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 205 181 U1 (51) МПК B01J 8/02 (2006.01) C10G 45/08 (2006.01) C10G 45/22 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 8/02 (2021.02); C10G 45/08 (2021.02); C10G 45/22 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020129865, 06.06.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 29.06.2021 15.03.2019 CN 201910196596.X (45) Опубликовано: 29.06.2021 Бюл. № 19 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 10.09.2020 (73) ...

Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing

Systems and apparatus for mixing, cooling, and distributing multiphase fluid mixtures within a reactor, wherein reactor internal apparatus of the present invention provides not only improved fluid mixing and distribution to each underlying catalyst bed surface, but also offers other advantages including: decreased mixing tray height; easier maintenance, assembly and disassembly; and decreased amounts of fabrication material. In an embodiment, fluid may be evenly distributed to a catalyst bed from a fluid distribution unit comprising a nozzle tray including a plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzles include at least one liquid inlet disposed tangentially to an inner surface of the nozzle.

Process for preparing aromatics from methane

The present invention relates to a process for carrying out endothermic, heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in which the reaction of the starting materials is carried out in the presence of a mixture of inert heat transfer particles and catalyst particles, where the catalyst particles are regenerated in a nonoxidative atmosphere at regular intervals and the heat of reaction required is introduced by separating off the inert heat transfer particles, heating the heat transfer particles in a heating zone and recirculating the heated heat transfer particles to the reaction zone. The process of the invention is particularly suitable for the nonoxidative dehydroaromatization of C 1 -C 4 -aliphatics in the presence of zeolite-comprising catalysts.

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

Methods and Apparatus for Enhanced Gas Distribution

Methods and apparatus for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor. Such methods and apparatus can more evenly distribute the gas throughout the reaction zone. Spargers for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor can be employed in systems and methods for carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound, such as para-xylene.

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

Hydrogenation Process for Fluorocarbons

Disclosed is a process and apparatus for the catalytic hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins to fluorocarbons where the reaction is carried out in a multi-tube shell and tube reactor. Reactions involving hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins are typically exothermic. In commercial processes where a fluoro-olefin C n H 2n-x F x to C n H 2n-x2 F x is hydrogenated (e.g., hexafluoropropylene to 236ea, 1225ye to 245eb, and the like), inadequate management or control of heat removal may induce excess hydrogenation, decomposition and hot spots resulting in reduced yields and potential safety issues. In the hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins, it is therefore necessary to control the reaction temperature as precisely as practical to overcome challenges associated with heat management and safety.

Process

The present invention provides a continuous process for the epoxidation of an olefinic compound with an oxidant, which process comprises reaction of an olefinic compound with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst in an apparatus that comprises a reactive distillation column, which column comprises (i) a reactive section, which comprises the catalyst (ii) a rectifying section situated above the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of reagents and/or by-products from products (ix) a stripping section situated below the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of product from reagents and/or by-products (x) a vessel situated below the stripping section and adapted to provide a source of heat for the column and in which initial vaporisation of one or more of the reagents can occur, wherein the temperature in the reactive section (i) is a temperature at which the reaction between the olefinic compound and the oxidant takes place and the temperature in the stripping section (iii) is higher than the temperature in the rectifying section (ii).

Artificial cell constructs for cellular manipulation

The present invention contemplates induction of immunological tolerance thereby providing permanent allogcaft acceptance. This method obviates the need for a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressive agents which can increase the risk of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immunological tolerance is thought to be mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes (T reg cells) with immunosuppressive capabilities. A therapeutically relevant platform comprising artificial constructs are contemplated comprising numerous soluble and surface bound T reg cell stimulating factors that may induce tolerance following allograft transplantation. Such artificial constructs, being the size of a cell, have surface bound monoclonal antibodies specific to regulatory T-cell surface moieties and encapsulated soluble regulatory T-cell modulating factors.

Fabrication of pillared graphene

A method of fabricating pillared graphene assembles alternate layers of graphene sheets and fullerenes to form a stable protostructure. Energy is added to the protostructure to break the carbon-carbon bonds at the fullerene-to-graphene attachment points of the protostructure and allow the bonds to reorganize and reform into a stable lower energy unitary pillared graphene nanostructure in which open nanotubes are conjoined between graphene sheets. The attachment points may be functionalized using tether molecules to aid in attachment, and add chemical energy to the system. The arrangement and attachment spacing of the fullerenes may be determined using spacer molecules or an electric potential.

Shaped catalyst units

A catalyst unit suitable for loading into a tube in a reactor includes a plurality of catalyst particles incorporated within a removable solid matrix, said unit in the form of an elongate body in which the particles are packed together such that the volume shrinkage upon removal of the removable matrix is ≦20%. The catalyst particles preferably comprise one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe and Co in oxidic or reduced form. The units are particularly suitable for loading catalyst into tubes in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Apparatus for producing trichlorosilane and method for producing trichlorosilane

An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane in which metallurgical grade silicon powder supplied to a reactor is reacted with hydrogen chloride gas while being fluidized by the hydrogen chloride gas, thereby discharging trichlorosilane generated by the reaction from the reactor, includes: a plurality of gas flow controlling members which are installed along a vertical direction in an annular shape R from an inner peripheral wall of the reactor in an internal space of the reactor; and a heat transfer tube which is installed along the vertical direction in the annular space R and through which a heating medium passes.

Mixing calciner

An object of this invention is to provide a mixing calciner that can separate and recover CO 2 gas in a high concentration, which is generated when a to-be-calcined cement material is mixed with a superheated calcined portion and calcined, by employing a fluidized-bed type or a spouted-bed type. The invention provides a mixing calciner ( 12 ) which mixes the calcined cement material with the superheated calcined portion to cause a calcination reaction, wherein the mixing calciner is the fluidized-bed type or the spouted-bed type, and is provided with a plurality of feed lines ( 25 ) for feeding the to-be-calcined cement material. In addition, this invention provides a mixing calciner which easily fluidizes or spouts a cement material even when a heat medium has a particle diameter larger than that of the cement material, and can separate and recover CO 2 gas generated in a cement-manufacturing facility in a high concentration.

Method and arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive materials to fixed-bed reactors

The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system comprising means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor system comprising a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor. Also a method is provided for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system wherein said fixed-bed reactor system comprises means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor.

Hydrogen Generator and Method of Operating It

A hydrogen generator working by hydrolysis of the metal borohydride is described comprising a reaction chamber ( 7 ) which in its bottom part has a liquid collecting area ( 30 ) and leads by short and non-complex connecting components to a conduit end ( 38 ) through which the exhaust products ( 31 ) of the reaction are discharged into the environment, generally the atmosphere and thereby saving weight and volume. By using given high pressures and temperatures for the reaction, the danger of crystallization of exhaust products is prevented.

Dispersed Bubble Reactor For Enhanced Gas-Liquid-Solids Contact And Mass Transfer

An apparatus to promote gas-liquid contact and facilitate enhanced mass transfer. The dispersed bubble reactor (DBR) operates in the dispersed bubble flow regime to selectively absorb gas phase constituents into the liquid phase. The dispersion is achieved by shearing the large inlet gas bubbles into fine bubbles with circulating liquid and additional pumped liquid solvent when necessary. The DBR is capable of handling precipitates that may form during absorption or fine catalysts that may be necessary to promote liquid phase reactions. The DBR can be configured with multistage counter current flow sections by inserting concentric cylindrical sections into the riser to facilitate annular flow. While the DBR can absorb CO 2 in liquid solvents that may lead to precipitates at high loadings, it is equally capable of handling many different types of chemical processes involving solids (precipitates/catalysts) along with gas and liquid phases.

Fluid treatment system with bulk material beds operated in parallel and method for operating such a system

A fluid treatment system having bulk beds. The fluid to be treated essentially streams from the bottom up through a bulk bed, while the bulk material migrates through the bulk beds in countercurrent to the fluid essentially from the top down. This is accomplished by removing partial quantities of bulk material at the lower end of the bulk bed, and delivering partial quantities of the bulk material to the bulk bed at the top. At least one charging wagon provided with optionally sealable bulk material outlets is able to traverse a charging channel between a charging position and several partial bulk bed release positions above the bulk beds. Provided below the bulk material outlets and the bulk material valve of the charging wagon are bulk material through pipes, the bulk material outlet mouths of which end on bulk material cones of an underlying bulk bed.

Apparatus for venting a catalyst cooler

The apparatus herein provide a catalyst cooler with a vent that communicates fluidizing gas to a lower chamber of a regenerator. Air that is used as fluidizing gas can then be consumed in the regenerator without promoting after burn in the upper chamber.

Device for unloading catalyst from a reactor vessel

A device and method for automatic unloading of particles from the vertical tubes of a chemical reactor automatically feeds a fish tape into the bottom of the vertical tube to contact and dislodge the particles and automatically retracts the fish tape to allow the particles to fall out of the tube.

Split Flow Contactor

Systems and methods for contacting a liquid, gas, and/or a multi-phase mixture with particulate solids. The system can include a body having a first head and a second head disposed thereon. Two or more discrete fixed beds can be disposed across a cross-section of the body. One or more unobstructed fluid flow paths can bypass each fixed bed, and one or more baffles can be disposed between the fixed beds.

Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor

A system to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised gasification reactor includes a low pressure storage vessel fluidly connected to the inlet of a bulk materials pump, a first part of a transport conduit directly connecting the outlet of the bulk materials pump to an inlet of a diverter valve, a second part of the transport conduit connecting an outlet of the diverter valve to a burner as present in a reactor vessel, wherein said diverter valve is provided with a second outlet connecting a recycle conduit with the low pressure storage vessel and which diverter valve is adjustable to either fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the burner or alternatively fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the low pressure storage vessel.

Method and Installation for the Manufacture of Carbon Nanotubes

Method for the manufacture of carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of at least one gaseous hydrocarbon ( 14 ) in the presence of a solid catalyst in a reactor ( 4 ) into which the catalyst is introduced via an inlet lock chamber ( 17 ) flushed by an inert gas ( 21, 22, 25, 26 ) and from which the carbon nanotubes are withdrawn via an outlet lock chamber ( 37 ) which is flushed with a flow of inert gas ( 39, 40 ).

Method and apparatus for catalytic and thermochemical reactions

The invention relates to a hybrid reverse flow catalytic apparatus having two reaction zones: a homogeneous reaction zone in porous ceramic and a heterogeneous reaction zone with catalyst, arranged in two different catalyst beds. A first catalytic bed located in a central region of the reactor is provided with a low activity catalyst and a second catalyst bed located in a peripheral region of the reactor is provided with a high activity catalyst. The provision of two catalyst beds containing different catalysts reduces the effect of radial temperature gradients in the reactor and improves the overall efficiency of the reactor. The invention also relates to method of performing catalytic and thermochemical reactions in said apparatus.

Vessel For Containing Catalyst In A Tubular Reactor

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a radial tube reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: an annular container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a perforated inner wall defining a tube, a perforated outer wall, a top surface closing the annular container and a bottom surface closing the annular container; a surface closing the bottom of said tube formed by the inner wall of the annular container; a skirt extending upwardly from the perforated outer wall of the annular container from a position at or near the bottom surface of said container to a position below the location of a seal; and a seal located at or near the top surface and extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond an outer surface of the skirt.

Method of Producing Gaseous Products Using a Downflow Reactor

Reactor systems and methods are provided for the catalytic conversion of liquid feedstocks to synthesis gases and other noncondensable gaseous products. The reactor systems include a heat exchange reactor configured to allow the liquid feedstock and gas product to flow concurrently in a downflow direction. The reactor systems and methods are particularly useful for producing hydrogen and light hydrocarbons from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons using aqueous phase reforming. The generated gases may find used as a fuel source for energy generation via PEM fuel cells, solid-oxide fuel cells, internal combustion engines, or gas turbine gensets, or used in other chemical processes to produce additional products. The gaseous products may also be collected for later use or distribution.

Method for carrying out sequential reactions using a heating medium heated by means of induction

A method for performing at least two successive chemical reactions to produce a target compound from at least one first, and at least one second and/or a further reactant, comprising a first reaction and a further reaction in a reaction medium, the reaction medium in contact with a solid heating medium heated by electromagnetic induction and which is located inside the reactor and surrounded by the reaction medium, and the heating medium being heated by electromagnetic induction with the aid of an inductor, an intermediate compound being formed in a first reaction, from which the target compound forms in a further reaction, and at least one reactant, not present in the reactor before the first reaction, being added between the first and the further reaction, and the target compound being separated from the heating medium.

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

Apparatus and method for hydroconversion

An apparatus is disclosed for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbon feedstock with a hydrogen gas at elevated temperature and pressure with the use of a catalyst. The apparatus is a reactor vessel with a grid plate distributor for improved gas liquid distribution. The distributor comprises a grid plate and a bubble cap assembly with a plurality of tubular risers extending through the grid plate. Each tubular riser has an upper section above the grid plate and a lower section below the grid plate, the lower section terminated with an open bottom end for ingress of the hydrogen gas and hydrocarbon feedstock, the upper section having a closed top terminated with a housing cap. Each tubular riser has at least a vertical slot and a least a side hole sufficiently sized such that in operation, the liquid level in the zone below the grid plate is above the vertical slot and below the side hole opening.

Solids processing valve

A dome valve selectively dispenses a silicon product from a chamber of a vessel. The dome valve comprises a valve body defining a pass-through channel in communication with the chamber of the vessel to allow the silicon product to exit the vessel. The dome valve also comprising a valve seat defining an opening through which the silicon product enters the pass-through channel. The dome valve further comprising a domed body having a semi-hemispherical configuration. The domed body has a sealing surface. The domed body is rotatable between a closed position and an open position for allowing the selective dispensing of the silicon product from the vessel.

Dual riser catalytic cracking process for making middle distillate and lower olefins

A dual riser catalytic cracking process for preferentially making middle distillate and lower olefins. The system and process provide for the processing of multiple hydrocarbon feedstocks so as to selectively produce middle distillate boiling range product and lower olefins. The system and process uses two riser reactors, a single vessel for separating the cracked product and cracking catalyst received from both riser reactors, and a regenerator for regenerating coked or spent cracking catalyst.

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

Process for increasing the efficiency of heat removal from a fischer-tropsch slurry reactor

The present invention is directed to a cooling system for removing heat from a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor. The cooling system including a downcomer disposed within the F-T reactor to deliver a coolant downward through the F-T reactor at a predetermined velocity. The downcomer and the pressure of the introduced coolant cooperate to increase the coolant velocity, thereby maintaining the coolant in the substantially liquid phase in the downcomer. The cooling system further includes a plenum connected to the downcomer, wherein the coolant remains in the substantially liquid phase. Additionally, the cooling system includes at least one riser extending upward from the plenum, wherein a portion of the coolant vaporizes to provide a boiling heat transfer surface on the at least one riser.

Olefin Hydration Process with an Integrated Membrane Reactor

An olefin hydration process and reactor are provided, wherein an integrated membrane selectively removes alcohol product from the reactor, thereby allowing for increased yields.

Reactor, toner production method, and toner

A reactor, which heats a slurry raw material including a solid component, including a reaction tube, wherein the slurry raw material is continuously fed from an end of the reaction tube relative to the central axial direction of the reaction tube so as to be flown toward another end of the reaction tube to be heated; and plural perforated plates arranged in the reaction tube so as to separate the inside of the reaction tube into plural compartments. The reactor satisfies the relations (½)·D′≦D<D′, and 0.2≦S/D′≦5.0, wherein D represents the diameter of each of the perforated plates, D′ represents the inner diameter of the reaction tube, and S represents the interval between any two adjacent perforated plates in the central axial direction of the reaction tube.

Method Of Operating A Fluid Bed Reactor

Method of operating a three-phase slurry reactor includes feeding at a low level at least one gaseous reactant into a vertically extending slurry body of solid particles suspended in a suspension liquid, the slurry body being contained in at least two vertically extending shafts housed within a common reactor shell, each shaft being divided into a plurality of vertically extending channels at least some of which are in slurry flow communication and the slurry body being present in at least some of the channels. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react as it passes upwardly through the slurry body present in at least some of the channels of the shafts, thereby to form a non-gaseous and/or a gaseous product. Gaseous product, if present, and/or unreacted gaseous reactant is allowed to disengage from the slurry body in a head space above the slurry body.

Apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanostructure and method for manufacturing carbon nanostructure

An apparatus for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure and a method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure that can achieve an increase in length and shape stabilization of the carbon nanostructure can be obtained. A manufacturing apparatus for a carbon nanostructure includes a catalyst member on which a carbon nanostructure is grown, a source gas supply unit and a source gas supply pipe, a coil, and a heater. The source gas supply unit and the source gas supply pipe supply the catalyst member with carbon for forming the carbon nanotube. The coil applies a gradient magnetic field (e.g., a cusped magnetic field indicated by magnetic flux line whose magnetic field strength gradually increases from one surface of the catalyst member to the other surface opposite to the one surface. The heater heats the catalyst member.

Device for facilitating a chemical reaction

A device 10 for facilitating a chemical reaction includes an upper member 12 having a predetermined configuration, a lower member 14 having a predetermined configuration, and a dissolvable member 16 disposed between and ultimately enclosed by said upper and lower members 12 and 14 such that upper and lower chambers 18 and 20 are formed having substantially equal volumes. The upper chamber 18 ultimately receives a dry sodium chlorite 30 and the lower chamber 20 ultimately receives a dry acid mixture 32, whereupon, the upper and lower members 12 and 14 are joined, thereby sealing the upper and lower chambers 18 and 20 and enabling the joined upper and lower members 12 and 14 to be disposed in water such that said lower member 14 engages the water first. The joined upper and lower members 12 and 14 ultimately swell with absorbed water until all water has been absorbed. The device 10 further includes a holder member 22 for receiving a predetermined quantity of water and the joined upper and lower members 12 and 14, whereby the upper and lower member 12 and 14 configurations cooperate to allow a predetermined quantity of water to engage the dry sodium chlorite 30 and the dry acid mixture 32 to ultimately form slurries to dissolve the dissolvable member 16 to allow the slurries to engage and ultimately react to generate chlorine dioxide gas that ultimately passes through the upper and lower members 12 and 14 and into a space to be disinfected and/or deodorized.

Methanol Carbonylation System with Multiple Absorber Feed Options

A methanol carbonylation system 10 includes an absorber tower 75 adapted for receiving a vent gas stream and removing methyl iodide therefrom with a scrubber solvent, the absorber tower being coupled to first and second scrubber solvent sources 16, 56 which are capable of supplying different first and second scrubber solvents. A switching system including valves 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 alternatively provides first or second scrubber solvents to the absorber tower and returns the used solvent and sorbed material to the carbonylation system to accommodate different operating modes.

Systems for producing silane

Methods and systems for producing silane that use electrolysis to regenerate reactive components therein are disclosed. The methods and systems may be substantially closed-loop with respect to halogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal and/or hydrogen.

Hydrogen/syngas generator

The present invention relates to a compact, concentric auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator for production of hydrogen/syngas without any external heating. Further, the auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator of the present invention involves combination of reactions such as partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry reforming, auto thermal reforming, dry autothermal reforming, water gas shift, preferential oxidation or methanation that takes place without external heating, for converting air, steam and fuel into a reformate mainly containing CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O which is subsequently converted to hydrogen/syngas as a feed for fuel cell or syngas applications.

Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst

A process and apparatus for mixing streams of regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves passing a catalyst stream into and out of a chamber in a lower section of a riser. The chamber fosters mixing of the catalyst streams to reduce their temperature differential before contacting hydrocarbon feed.

Method, system and apparatus for controlling particle size in a fluidized bed reactor

A method, system, and apparatus for controlling the average particle size and the particle size distribution during a fluidized bed process in a fluidized bed reactor. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a method, system, and apparatus for controlling the average silicon particle size and the silicon particle size distribution during the production of high purity silicon.

Systems and methods for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel and fcc units including the systems

A system for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel includes a particulate material distributor for introducing the particulate material into the particulate vessel. The particulate material distributor includes a declined header that defines a plurality of orifices that are spaced along a length of the declined header for accommodating flow of particulate material from the declined header. The system also includes a vessel level controller for controlling a level of the particulate material in the particulate vessel. The vessel level controller controls flow of the particulate material through one or more of the orifices in the declined header through adjustment of the level of particulate material in the particulate vessel between the plurality of orifices in the declined header. A FCC unit including the system is also provided, along with a method for distributing particulate material into a particulate vessel using the system.

Multiple burn zones with independent circulation loops

A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Reaction device for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas

Disclosed is a reaction device for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, in which hydrocarbons, olefins, oxygenates, etc., are produced over a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by using synthesis gas, so that catalyst particles can easily be from a slurry which is discharged to the outside. That is, the present invention provides a reaction device for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, in which an internal filter system for separating particles enlarged due to a agglomeration phenomenon of a catalyst is installed inside the reactor, and an separating device is separately disposed outside, such that it is possible to recirculate only particles having a size appropriate for performing F-T synthesis in the slurry phase, and additionally, it is possible to effectively discharge and process a catalyst aggregated due to a combination of fine catalyst particles, the catalyst chipped off during the operation, etc., liquid hydrocarbon, resulting water, etc., in the slurry phase reactor.

Chemical reactor with plate type heat exchange unit

An isothermal chemical reactor ( 1 ) is described comprising a plate ( 30 ) heat exchange unit ( 12 ), immersed in a catalytic bed ( 7 ) and destined to heat or cool the reagents in order to maintain the reaction temperature in a predetermined range; said plates ( 30 ) are formed by two flat walls ( 31, 32 ) and longitudinal spacers ( 33 ), with obtainment of parallel channels ( 34 ) for the circulation of a heat exchange fluid.

Heat exchanger reformer

A catalytic reformer assembly includes a heated medium flow path for a first medium and a reforming flow path for a second medium. A catalyst substrate is located within the reforming flow path and supports a catalyst. A heat exchanger is disposed within the heated medium flow path for transferring heat from the heated medium flow path to the catalyst substrate.

Method and system for production of silicon and devicies

In one embodiment of the invention, the silane and hydrogen (and inert gas) mixture is produced using catalytic gasification of silicon (or si-containing compounds including silicon alloys) with a hydrogen source such as hydrogen gas, atomic hydrogen and proton. By not separating silane from hydrogen and co-purifying all the gases (silane and hydrogen, inert gas) in the gas mixture simultaneously, the mixture is co-purified and then provide feed stock for downstream application without further diluting the silane gas. One aspect of the invention addresses the need for an improved production method, apparatus and composition for silane gas mixtures for large scale low cost manufacturing of high purity silicon and distributed on-site turnkey applications including but not limited to the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits, photovoltaic solar cells, LCD-flat panels and other electronic devices. Thus, various embodiments of the invention can greatly reduce the cost and simplify the process of manufacturing silicon.

Compact fischer tropsch system with integrated primary and secondary bed temperature control

A Fischer Tropsch (“FT”) reactor includes at least one FT tube. The FT tube may include a catalyst that is designed to catalyze an FT reaction, thereby creating a hydrocarbon from syngas. The FT reactor also includes a primary cooling fluid flow path that extends in a direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal length of the FT tube. A secondary cooling fluid flow path extends in a direction that is different than the direction of the primary cooling fluid flow path.

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Installation and method for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product

A method and apparatus for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product uses a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue. An air box below the distribution plate supplies combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. A heat exchanging section receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between flue gases and ambient air. The heat exchanging section is connected to the air box for supplying the heated ambient air to the air box for use as combustion air. A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles and is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range.

Tube bundle reactor having a structured packing

A tubular reactor for carrying out a catalytically supported, homogeneous chemical reaction in the gas phase at an elevated temperature and a subsequent cooling, wherein the reactor is arranged upright, and therefore the tubes extend vertically and the as flows downward through the tubes. The tubes are filled with a catalyst bed in the upper part thereof extending in the reaction zone of the reactor and are filled with a structured packing in the lower part, the cooling zone of the reactor.

Shell-and-tube reactor for carrying out catalytic gas phase reactions

A tube bundle reactor for carrying out catalytic gas phase reactions, particularly methanation reactions, has a bundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes through which reaction gas flows and around which heat carrier flows during operation. In the region of the catalyst filling, the reaction tubes run through at least two heat carrier zones which are separated from one another, the first of which heat carrier zones extends over the starting region of the catalyst filling. The reaction tubes each have a first reaction tube portion with a first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling and, downstream thereof in flow direction of the reaction gas, at least a second reaction tube portion with a second hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling that is greater than the first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling.

Process and apparatus for distributing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst

A process and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking feeds catalyst to a chamber of a riser. The catalyst exits the chamber and passes through a plenum and into a reaction zone through a plurality of tubes which distribute the catalyst uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. A hydrocarbon feed is fed to the plenum. The hydrocarbon feed passes from the plenum into the reaction zone through a plate comprising a multiplicity of openings which distribute the hydrocarbon feed uniformly over a cross section of the reaction zone of the riser. The feed is contacted with the catalyst in a reaction zone of the riser.

Apparatus for Retaining Solid Material in a Radial Flow Reactor and Method of Making

An apparatus for use in radial flow reactors is presented. The apparatus includes a first partition and a second partition with support members coupled therebetween. The first partition include a first opening and a second opening to allow the passage of fluid therethrough. A baffle extends into a flow channel formed by adjacent support members to obstruct an upper or lower portion of the first opening to interrupt a portion of the fluid flow therethrough.

Process and apparatus for distributing hydrocarbon feed to a catalyst stream

A process and apparatus described is for distributing hydrocarbon feed to catalyst in a riser. Hydrocarbon feed is delivered to a plenum in the riser. Nozzles from the plenum inject feed into the riser to contact the catalyst. Streams of regenerated catalyst and carbonized catalyst may be passed to the riser and mixed around an insert in a lower section of a riser. The plenum may be located in the riser.

Sulfur recovery unit and sulfur recovery method

A sulfur recovery unit comprising: a reaction furnace configured to carry out a high-temperature Claus reaction between hydrogen-sulfide-containing gas and oxygen-containing gas introduced to the reaction furnace; a sulfur condenser configured to cool reaction gas discharged from the reaction furnace and condense sulfur contained in the reaction gas; and a pipe that connects the reaction furnace to the sulfur condenser, wherein the reaction furnace is fixed to the ground; and the sulfur condenser and the pipe are arranged so as to be able to move relative to the reaction furnace.

Process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons

A process comprising feeding bromine into a first reactor; feeding low molecular weight alkanes into the first reactor; and withdrawing alkyl bromides from the first reactor wherein the bromine and low molecular weight alkanes are fed through an apparatus that rapidly mixes the bromine and low molecular weight alkanes. A process is disclosed further comprising reacting the alkyl bromides to form aromatic hydrocarbons.

Catalyst loading system

A reformer tube processing and filling system is provided for ensuring uniformity of reformer tube flow rates and reactivity. The disclosed invention provides a system for detecting and removing tube obstructions, as well as an automated process for verifying the flow rate for each tube and identifying tubes with abnormal flow rates to remove a source of human error and conserve labor costs. An automated tube filling system provides a calibrated fill mechanism coordinated with a calibrated loading rope withdrawal mechanism to ensure loading consistency. A lack of vibrating parts ensures a low dust count, and what little dust is present is removed via a built-in vacuum outlet in the loader.

Regenerative Gas Generator

Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed that overcome the deficiencies of traditional steam engines and internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, a system is disclosed for generating reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system comprises a first chamber including a reactor to decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water vapor. The system further comprises a second chamber including a reactor to catalytically combust a mixture of the generated oxygen and a fuel to generate reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system further comprises a passageway to receive reaction products exiting the second chamber and to channel the reaction products to come into contact with external surfaces of the first and second chambers to thereby transfer heat to the first and second chambers, and an outlet to allow the reaction products to exit the system.

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

Fluid treatment apparatus

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: a reactor vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet and an outlet to allow fluid to flow through the chamber; a UV light source adapted to transmit light within the chamber; and a plurality of catalyst members comprising a catalytic outer surface, the catalyst members being freely contained within the chamber, wherein the apparatus is adapted to cause the catalyst members to move around within the chamber as fluid flows through the chamber.

Internal cyclone for fluidized bed reactor

A fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction column having a fluid portion; a gas inflow means for flowing a gas upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column; a particle feed means for feeding particles to the fluid portion of the reaction column; a cyclone capable of separating particles from the gas flowing upwardly from the fluid portion of the reaction column, the cyclone being located within the reaction column and being in communication with the gas flowing upwardly, wherein the cyclone comprises a cyclone body having an inlet, a gas outlet, and a particle drop port; and a particle discharge pipe having an upper part connected to the particle drop port of the cyclone body, and a lower part, wherein the particle discharge pipe is located substantially outside of the reaction column.

Flexible reactor assembly for polymerization of olefins

The invention relates to a reactor assembly for the production of polymers including a fluidized bed reactor ( 1 ) comprising a bottom zone ( 5 ), a middle zone ( 6 ) and an upper zone ( 7 ), an inlet ( 8 ) for the fluidization gas located in the bottom zone ( 5 ), an outlet ( 9 ) for the fluidization gas located in the upper zone ( 7 ); the outlet ( 9 ) for the fluidization gas being coupled with the fluidized bed reactor ( 1 ) via inlet ( 8 ); the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the bottom zone ( 5 ) being monotonically increasing with respect to the flow direction of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor; the middle zone ( 6 ) having an essentially constant equivalent cross-sectional diameter with respect to the flow direction of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor; the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the upper zone ( 7 ) being monotonically decreasing with respect to the flow direction of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor; wherein that the ratio of the height of the fluidized bed reactor to the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the middle zone of the fluidized bed reactor is from 2 to 10; and wherein there is an unobstructed passageway in the direction of flow of the fluidization gas through the fluidized bed reactor from the bottom zone ( 5 ) to the upper zone ( 7 ).

Reactive solid/heat-transport gas reactor including a helical duct in which the solid and the gas flow in opposite directions

A solid/heat-transport and reactive gas reactor, including: a helical duct including an inlet and an outlet, the helical duct defining a helical bottom track on which a solid reagent can slide from the inlet to the outlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for bringing the solid reagent to the inlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for causing a heat-transport gas to flow in the helical duct, from the outlet to the inlet of the helical duct; a reservoir of solid reagent under the outlet of the helical duct; and a conveyor for conveying the reagent from a low point of the reservoir to the bringing mechanism.

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

Bi-Modal Radial Flow Reactor

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

BAYONET CATALYTIC REACTOR

A bayonet reactor including a catalytic reactor in the form of an annular structured packing is provided with increased surface area for the transfer of heat between annulus gas and return gas, an increased coefficient of heat transfer between the annulus and return gases, and a reduced overall pressure drop relative to conventional reactors. The reactors of the present technology can enable intensified catalytic processing. 1. A bayonet catalytic reactor comprising:an outer tube having an open first end and a closed second end;an inner tube disposed at least partially within the outer tube, the inner tube having an open first end and an open second end; anda catalytic reactor comprising a structured packing disposed within an annulus defined by an inner diameter of the outer tube and an outer diameter of the inner tube,wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.45 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.2. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.63 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.3. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.77 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.4. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a second catalytic reactor disposed within the inner tube proximate the second end of the inner tube.5. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 4 , wherein the second catalytic reactor is a structured reactor comprising a honeycomb catalytic reactor.6. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 4 , wherein the second catalytic reactor extends from the second end of the inner tube toward the first end of the inner tube to a distance less than 50% of the distance from the second end of the inner tube to the first end of the inner tube.7. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the bayonet catalytic reactor is a steam reforming reactor.8. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , ...

GUARD BED SYSTEM AND PROCESS

The invention provides a reaction system for the production of ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene glycol. The system having a guard bed system upstream of a catalytic EO reactor. The guard bed system having a feed line supplying a gaseous feed to be treated and an effluent line configured to remove the treated gaseous feed. The guard bed system has two or more guard bed vessels arranged in series in sequential order, each having an inlet, a bed of guard bed material and an outlet. The inlet of each guard bed vessel is attached by means of valves to both the feed line and the outlet of the guard bed vessel preceding it in sequential order. The outlet of each guard bed vessel is attached by means of valves to both the effluent line and to the inlet of the guard bed vessel following it in sequential order. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the guard bed material is a silver on alumina-based material or a palladium/gold based material claim 1 , preferably supported on silica.3. A process as claimed in claim 2 , whereinthe guard bed material is a silver on alumina-based material and the guard bed vessels are operated at a temperature of at least 100° C. and at most 145° C.; orthe guard bed material is a palladium/gold based material, preferably supported on silica, and the guard bed vessels are operated at a temperature of at least 65° C. and at most 95° C.4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the iodide-containing impurities formed in the EO absorber include vinyl iodide and alkyl iodides such as ethyl and methyl iodide.5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each bed of guard bed material is a radial fixed bed.6. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction system further comprises a carbon dioxide absorber and the guard bed system is also upstream of the carbon dioxide absorber claim 1 , which is upstream of the catalytic EO reactor.7. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein two or more guard bed systems operated by this process are ...

Microdroplet/bubble-producing device

The invention provides a microdroplet- or bubble-producing device that does not require separate through-holes for different liquid droplet/air bubble-producing flow channels. The droplet-producing flow channels are configured in a three-dimensional manner unlike in a conventional device where they are configured in a two-dimensional plane, and therefore the flow channels can be provided in a more high-density configuration than the prior art. In the microdroplet/bubble-producing device comprising slit(s) and the row of the plurality of microflow channels, the slit(s) is/are a continuous phase supply slit, a dispersion phase supply slit and a discharge slit, the plurality of microflow channels are configured so that the ends of the slit(s) and the two supply ports on both sides or the supply port and discharge port on either side are mutually connected, and at the sites of connection between the microflow channels and the slit(s), the dispersion phase undergoes shear with the continuous phase flow as the driving force, producing droplets or air bubbles of the dispersion phase, which are recovered from the discharge port.

Filtration tray for catalytic chemical reactor

A particle separation system for a catalytic chemical reactor.

HEAT AND HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE

A burner combustion chamber (), a burner () for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber () a reformer catalyst () to which burner combustion gas is fed, and a heat exchange part () for heating the air fed to the burner () are provided. A switching device () able to switch an air flow route for introducing the outside air to the burner () between a high temperature air flow route () for introducing the outside air flowing within the heat exchange part () and heated at the heat exchange part() to the burner () and a low temperature air flow route () for feeding the outside air, which does not flow within the heat exchange part () and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air heated at the heat exchange part (), to the burner () is provided. 1. A heat and hydrogen generation device comprising a housing , a burner combustion chamber formed in the housing , a burner having a fuel injection port and an air feed port for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber , a fuel feed device for feeding fuel to the fuel injection port , an air feed device for feeding air to the air feed port , and a reformer catalyst arranged in the housing and to which a burner combustion gas generated in the burner combustion chamber is fed , the air feed device being provided with a heat exchange part for heating air fed to the air feed port by the burner combustion gas , heat and hydrogen being generated by performing the burner combustion , wherein said air feed device is provided with a switching device able to switch an air flow route for introducing an outside air to said air feed port between a high temperature air flow route for introducing the outside air flowing within said heat exchange part and heated at said heat exchange part to said air feed port and a low temperature air flow route for feeding the outside air , which does not flow within said heat exchange part , and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air ...

Fluid Solids Contacting Device

A fluid solids contacting device comprising a vessel; one or more grid structures comprising two or more levels, wherein each level comprises a plurality of grid assembly sections; a base formed from structural members used to support the multi-tiered structure; and three or more chairs attached to an inside surface of the vessel and spaced apart to support the base; and wherein the base is supported by the chairs is provided. 1. A fluid solids contacting device comprising:a vessel;a grid structure comprising one or more grid levels, wherein each grid level comprises a plurality of grid assembly sections;a base formed from structural members and on which the grid structure is supported; andthree or more chairs attached to an inside surface of the vessel and spaced apart to support the base; andwherein the base is supported by the chairs.2. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 1 , wherein the base is formed from I-beams and has a central portion which is a closed geometric shape and three or more arms attached at one end to the central portion claim 1 , wherein the arms are spaced substantially at substantially equal distances around a perimeter of the central portion.3. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 1 , wherein each grid assembly section comprises a bottom platform claim 1 , a frame structure extending upward from two opposing sides of the bottom platform claim 1 , wherein each frame structure comprises an optional diagonal support and an optional top guide section configured to accept a bottom platform of a grid assembly section.4. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 3 , wherein the central portion of the base is circular.5. The fluid solids contacting device according to claim 3 , wherein the bottom platform comprises one or more of the group consisting of subway grating claim 3 , chevrons a packing structures or other structure that obstructs an open area.6. The fluid solids contacting device according to ...

REACTION DEVICE FOR PREPARING LIGHT OLEFINS FROM METHANOL AND/OR DIMETHYL ETHER

A reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether, and more specifically relates to a reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether, which mainly comprises a dense phase fluidized bed reactor (), a cyclone separator (), a stripper (), a lift pipe (), a dense phase fluidized bed regenerator (), a cyclone separator (), a stripper (), and a lift pipe (), wherein the dense phase fluidized bed reactor () is separated into n (n≧2) secondary reaction zones by a material flow controller (), and the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator () is separated into m (m≧2) secondary regeneration zones by the material flow controller (). 1. A reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether comprising a dense phase fluidized bed reactor , a cyclone separator , a stripper , a lift pipe , a dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , a cyclone separator , a stripper , and a lift pipe; wherein a feeding line for reactor is connected to the bottom of the dense phase fluidized bed reactor; a part of the stripper is in the dense phase fluidized bed reactor , and the remaining part thereof is below the dense phase fluidized bed reactor; the bottom of the lift pipe is connected to the bottom of the stripper , and the top of the lift pipe is connected to the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; a feeding line for regenerator is connected to the bottom of the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; a part of the stripper is in the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , and the remaining part thereof is below the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; the bottom of the lift pipe is connected to the bottom of the stripper , and the top of the lift pipe is connected to the dense phase fluidized bed reactor , wherein a material flow controller is provided in the dense phase fluidized bed reactor and/or the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , and the dense phase fluidized bed reactor is separated into ...

Enclosure of an FCC Unit Comprising an Inner Support Device Rigidly Connected to Cyclones

The invention relates to an enclosure () of a fluid catalytic cracking unit in which an inner space is defined by a side wall () having a longitudinal axis extending substantially in the direction of gravity, said enclosure being provided with a plurality of mechanical separation cyclones () located inside the inner space. The enclosure () comprises a supporting device () attached only to the cyclones () by: an annular peripheral support element () extending along the side wall () in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X), separated from the side wall by a predetermined clearance; and a plurality of beams () extending in the same plane as the peripheral support element (), the beams being rigidly connected to the peripheral support element and to at least one mechanical separation cyclone by one end or by an attachment part distant from the ends thereof. 116.-. (canceled)17. A chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit comprising a lateral wall which delimits an internal volume having a longitudinal axis extending substantially in the direction of gravity , said chamber being provided with a plurality of mechanical separation cyclones situated inside said internal volume , characterized in that said chamber comprises , inside said internal volume , a support device secured only to the mechanical separation cyclones and comprising:a peripheral support element extending along the lateral wall in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X), distant from the lateral wall by a predetermined clearance in the plane of the support element,a plurality of beams extending in the same plane as the peripheral support element, the beams being secured to the peripheral support element and to at least one mechanical separation cyclone by an end or by a fixing part distant from its ends.18. The chamber as claimed in claim 17 , characterized in that the support device comprises other beams extending in the same plane as the peripheral support element and chosen ...

REACTOR AND METHOD FOR MAXIMIZING METHANOL YIELD BY USING CATALYST LAYERS

The invention relates to a reactor for the catalytic production of methanol, in which at least two catalyst layers are arranged. The first catalyst layer is arranged upstream and the second catalyst layer is arranged downstream. The activity of the first catalyst layer is higher than the activity of the second catalyst layer. 1. Reactor for the catalytic production of methanol , comprising at least two catalyst layers for the production of methanol arranged in the reactor , wherein the first catalyst layer is arranged upstream and the second catalyst layer is arranged downstream , and wherein the activity of the first catalyst layer for the production of methanol is higher than the activity of the second catalyst layer.2. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layers are arranged directly adjacent to each other.3. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layers are arranged in a single packed bed filling.4. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two catalyst layers have an essentially identical layer thickness.5. Reactor according to claim 1 , wherein further catalyst layers for the production of methanol claim 1 , are arranged in the reactor claim 1 , wherein the further catalyst layers are each arranged downstream of the second catalyst layer claim 1 , and wherein the activity of the further catalyst layers for the production of methanol successively increases towards the downstream end of the reactor.6. Reactor according to claim 4 , wherein further catalyst layers for the production of methanol claim 4 , are arranged in the reactor claim 4 , wherein the further catalyst layers are each arranged downstream of the second catalyst layer claim 4 , and wherein the activity of the further catalyst layers for the production of methanol successively increases towards the downstream end of the reactor.7. Reactor according to claim 5 , wherein the layer thickness of the first catalyst layer is smaller than the layer thickness of the ...

Catalytic oxidation method and method for producing conjugated diene

An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.

Mixing tee assembly and process

A mixing tee assembly suitable for phosphate acid attack reaction is described. The mixing tee assembly comprises an outer pipe having a mixing end and a tee end, wherein a tee structure is formed near the tee end to connect with additional piping; an inner pipe comprising a nozzle end connected to a nozzle and a open end; wherein the inner pipe is lined with a corrosion-resistant material on its inside surface; wherein when the inner pipe is assembled within the outer pipe, the nozzle extends beyond the mixing end of the outer pipe by at least ⅓ of the inside diameter of the outer pipe.

Method and device for the heat treatment of granular solids

A method for the heat treatment of granular solids includes initially introducing solids into a first reactor configured as a flash reactor or fluidized bed reactor where they are brought into contact with hot gases at temperatures in the range 500° C. to 1500° C. Next, the solids are passed through a residence time reactor in which they are fluidized. The residence time reactor is configured in a manner such that it has various regions which are separated from one another, from which the solid can be withdrawn in a manner such that it is provided with a variety of residence times in the residence time reactor. 1. A method for the heat treatment of granular solids , wherein the solids are initially introduced into a first reactor configured as a flash reactor or fluidized bed reactor where they are brought into contact with hot gases at temperatures in the range 500° C. to 1500° C. , and wherein the solids are then guided through a residence time reactor in which they are fluidized , wherein the residence time reactor is configured in a manner such that it is provided with various mutually separated regions from which the solid is separately removed in a manner such that it has a residence time in the residence time reactor which is of a variable duration , wherein removal from the various regions of the residence time reactor is carried out in a manner such that not all of the regions are fluidized , wherein the fluidized regions are fluidically connected in succession , whereby specific downstream regions are no longer fluidized and therefore actively removed.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein solid is actively removed from at least one region.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluidized bed reactor is provided with a circulating fluidized bed.4. The method as claimed claim 1 , wherein the air is used as the fluidizing gas in the residence time reactor.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the residence time in the first reactor ...

TANTALUM CHLORIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TANTALUM CHLORIDE

The tantalum chloride according to the present invention contains TaCl, and has a total content of tantalum subchlorides of 1% by mass or less. 1. A tantalum chloride , the tantalum chloride containing TaCl , and having a total content of tantalum subchlorides of 1% by mass or less.2. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the total content of the tantalum subchlorides is 0.1% by mass or less.3. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the tantalum chloride has a total content of Ta and Cl of 99.999% by mass or more.4. The tantalum chloride according to claim 3 , wherein the total content of Ta and Cl is 99.9999% by mass or more.5. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the tantalum chloride has a total content of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , U claim 1 , and Th as impurities of 1 ppm by mass or less.6. A method for producing a tantalum chloride by heating a tantalum raw material in a chlorine atmosphere to chlorinate the tantalum raw material claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:using a tantalum chlorinating apparatus, filling a raw material reaction tube of the tantalum chlorinating apparatus with the tantalum raw material to form a packed bed of the tantalum raw material, and feeding a chlorine gas to the raw material reaction tube to provide the raw material reaction tube with a chlorine atmosphere; andsetting a reaction temperature of the tantalum raw material during heating to a temperature of 200° C. to 700° C., and setting a flow rate of the chlorine gas fed to the raw material reaction tube during heating of the tantalum raw material to 0.05 cm/s to 0.82 cm/s.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the chlorine gas is allowed to flow in a same direction as a filling direction of the tantalum raw material in the raw material reaction tube.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein ...

Steam methane reformer system and method of performing a steam methane reforming process

An apparatus includes a furnace having at least one bayonet reforming tube. The furnace is adapted to receive a gas including a hydrocarbon and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide via the bayonet reforming tube, heat and catalytically react the gas to form syngas at a first temperature, cool the syngas to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and eject the syngas from the tube. The furnace has a first effluent stream including flue gas and a second effluent stream including syngas. The apparatus also includes a first heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the first effluent stream to a first heat load including one of air, water, and steam, and a second heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the second effluent stream to a second heat load.

Conversion of Metal Carbonate into Metal Chloride

A method for producing metal chloride MClx− includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride MClx−, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , the method comprising:providing phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as solid with the phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to produce metal chloride MCl,'}wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x indicates the valence of the metal cation.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding M as an additional reactant.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of:the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate, orphosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared in situ by reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subsequently reacting the metal chloride to produce metal M.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting the produced metal M at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 4 , to thereby form a metal circuit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosgene claim 1 , diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon monoxide is produced by a reaction of metal carbonate with the metal M and/or from an electrolysis of carbon dioxide.9. An apparatus for reacting metal carbonate as solid with phosgene claim 7 , diphosgene ...

Method for producing carbonates

In an embodiment, a method of producing a carbonate comprises reacting carbon monoxide and chlorine in a phosgene reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first product comprising phosgene; wherein carbon tetrachloride is present in the first product in an amount of 0 to 10 ppm by volume based on the total volume of phosgene; and reacting a monohydroxy compound with the phosgene to produce the carbonate; wherein the phosgene reactor comprises a tube, a shell, and a space located between the tube and the shell; wherein the tube comprises one or more of a mini-tube section and a second tube section; a first concentric tube concentrically located in the shell; a twisted tube; an internal scaffold; and an external scaffold.

PILOT PLANT FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING HYDROGEN GENERATION USING SINGLE-COLUMN PACKED BED AND HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD

A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed and hydrogen generation method. The plant has a feeding system, reaction system, tail gas treatment and analysis system, and auxiliary system. The reaction system has a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, oxygen carrier layer and supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom. The feeding system has a delivery pipe, metering pump, mass flow controller and fuel mixer. The tail gas treatment and analysis system has a cooler, gas-liquid separator, mass flow meter, gas analyzer and tail gas pipe. The packed bed reactor is subjected to fuel reduction, purge, steam oxidation, purge, air combustion and purge stages successively under control of the feeding system. The pilot plant enables evaluation for oxygen carriers and identification for technological difficulties and can generate high-purity hydrogen without using complex gas purification devices. 1. A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed , wherein the plant comprises a feeding system , a reaction system and an tail gas treatment and analysis system;wherein the feeding system comprises at least one raw material delivery pipe, at least one raw material mass flow controller and a fuel mixer, wherein at least one outlet of the raw material mass flow controller is connected with an inlet of the fuel mixer, and other remaining outlets of the raw material mass flow controller are connected with an inlet of the reaction system;the reaction system is composed of a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, an oxygen carrier layer and a supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom, and the packed bed reactor is continuously subjected to fuel reduction, first purge, steam oxidation, second purge, air combustion and third purge stages successively under the control of the feeding system; andthe tail gas treatment and analysis ...

CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE PREPARATION METHOD, CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE PREPARED BY MEANS OF SAME, AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING SAME

The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanostructures using a fluidized bed reactor. According to the method, some of the as-produced carbon nanostructures remain uncollected and are used as fluidic materials to improve the fluidity in the reactor. The method enables the production of carbon nanostructures in a continuous process. In addition, the fluidity of the catalyst and the fluidic materials in the reactor is optimized, making the production of carbon nanostructures efficient. 1. A method for producing carbon nanostructures , comprising allowing a catalyst and reactant gases comprising a carbon source to flow in a fluidized bed reactor to synthesize carbon nanostructures wherein some of the carbon nanostructures remain uncollected and are used as fluidic materials in the fluidized bed reactor and wherein the residual rate of the fluidic materials is from 0.4 to 0.7 , as calculated by Equation 1:{'br': None, 'Residual rate of carbon nanostructures=Volume of remaining carbon nanostructures/(Volume of initially remaining carbon nanostructures+Volume of as-produced carbon nanostructures)\u2003\u2003[Equation 1]'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual rate of carbon nanostructures is determined from the difference in pressure between the bottom and top of the reactor.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual rate y and the conversion x of the carbon source satisfy the relation given by Equation 2:{'br': None, 'i': 'y=px+q', '[Equation 2]'}where p is a constant from 0.4 to 0.7 and q is a constant from 15 to 30.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst supplied to the reactor satisfies the relation given by Equation 3:{'br': None, 'i': b', 'a+b, 'Catalyst supply rate=/()≦0.1\u2003\u2003[Equation 3]'}where a is the weight (g) of the carbon nanostructures remaining in the fluidized bed reactor and b is the weight (g) of the catalyst supplied.5. The method according to claim 1 , ...

Hydrogen gas generating system and method with buffer tank

A hydrogen gas generating system that heats a liquid reactant such as water, then channeling the resultant heated reactant to a reaction chamber containing a solid hydride. The chemical reaction between the heated liquid reactant and solid hydride forming hydrogen gas. This hydrogen gas is then filtered and regulated before being stored in a buffer tank. Hydrogen gas from the buffer tank can then be supplied to a fuel cell to produce electricity as and when needed, such as when a battery goes below a predetermined level. The pressure of the buffer tank is measured and used to ascertain when the hydrogen gas generation should start and stop. A pressure and temperature of the reaction chamber is measured as a safety precaution, whereby the reaction will be stopped if the pressure and temperature exceeds predetermined values.

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of wherein no steam or oxygen injection is needed.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) ...

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of configured to use no process water and no oxygen.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. The reactor of comprising one or more internal ...

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR USING SILICA PARTICLES IN FLUID BED REACTOR

The present disclosure relates to fluid bed processes that utilize silica particles as a fluidization aid. The process comprises reacting one or more reactants in a reactor comprising a fluid bed to form a product. The fluid bed comprises a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst and an inert additive composition comprising silica particles from 0.5 wt % to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The silica particles are discrete, inert particles that are mixed with the catalyst in the fluid bed. 1. A process comprising:reacting one or more reactants in a reactor comprising a fluid bed to form a product;wherein the fluid bed comprises a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst and an inert additive composition comprising from 0.5 wt % to 30 wt % of silica particles, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition,wherein the silica particles have an equivalent median particle diameter ranging from 10 microns to 500 microns.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of antimony claim 1 , uranium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , oxides thereof claim 1 , or salts thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has an equivalent median diameter ranging from 1 microns to 125 microns.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a real density ranging from 1.8 g/cmto 2.8 g/cm claim 1 , and wherein the difference between the density of the silica particles and the catalyst is less than 75%.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a surface area less than 50 m/g claim 1 , and wherein the silica particles have a hardness ranging from 500 to 720 as measured by ASTM E384 (2018).6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a sphericity ranging from 60% to 99.9%7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition further comprises alumina ...

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN MONOMERS IN A REACTOR

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed. 18400511. A system for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene , the system comprising a reactor () , a compressor () , a cooling unit () and an external pipe () for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer ,{'b': '40', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (),'}wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream,{'b': '10', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (),'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator () for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase,'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase,wherein the first outlet for the ...

A CVI DENSIFICATION INSTALLATION INCLUDING A HIGH CAPACITY PREHEATING ZONE

A thermochemical treatment installation includes a reaction chamber, at least one gas inlet, and a gas preheater chamber situated between the gas inlet and the reaction chamber. The preheater chamber has a plurality of perforated distribution trays held spaced apart one above another. The preheater chamber also includes, between at least the facing distribution trays, a plurality of walls defining flow paths for a gas stream between said trays. 1. A thermochemical treatment installation comprising a reaction chamber , at least one gas inlet , and a gas preheater chamber situated between the gas inlet and the reaction chamber said preheater chamber having a plurality of perforated distribution trays held spaced apart one above another , wherein the preheater chamber also includes , between at least two facing distribution trays , a plurality of walls defining flow paths for a gas stream between said trays , each wall extending vertically between said at least two facing distribution trays.2. An installation according to claim 1 , wherein the distribution trays are disk-shaped and wherein at least some of the walls extend between said trays in a radial direction.3. An installation according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the walls present an undulating shape.4. An installation according to claim 1 , wherein the walls present thermal conductivity that is greater in a direction parallel to the distribution trays than in a direction perpendicular to said perforated trays.5. An installation according to claim 4 , wherein the walls are made of composite material having fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix claim 4 , and wherein the reinforcing fibers extend for the most part in a direction parallel to the distribution trays.6. An installation according to claim 4 , wherein the walls are made of graphite.7. An installation according to claim 2 , wherein the number of walls is greater in the vicinity of the peripheries of the distribution trays than in the centers ...

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMALLY MODIFIED STARCH

Process for the production of thermally modified starch comprising the steps of mixing starch in powder form having a specific moisture content with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder; feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air; discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier; supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into a turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a specific temperature; converting said dried powder into a thermally inhibited starch; and discharging said thermally inhibited starch from said turbo-reactor; it is also disclosed a thermally inhibited starch obtained from the aforementioned process with enhanced physical chemical properties. 1. A process for continuous modification of starch , comprising the steps of:a) mixing starch in powder form having a moisture content between 9% and 25% with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder;b) feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air, said flow of hot air having a temperature between 100° C. and 160° C.;c) discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier, said dried powder having a moisture content between 2% and 4%;d) providing a turbo-reactor comprising a cylindrical tubular body having at least one inlet opening for the introduction of said continuous flow of dried powder and at least one discharge opening, a heating jacket for bringing the temperature of said tubular body to a predetermined temperature and a rotor, disposed in the cylindrical tubular body and comprising a shaft provided with elements projecting radially from it;e) supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into said turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a temperature between 150° C. and 250° C. by means of said heating jacket and ...

FCC YIELD SELECTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH CONTAINMENT RISER TERMINATION SYSTEMS

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor. 1. The process for increasing hydrocarbon yield and decreasing coke production in an FCC reactor having a separation unit and at least one chamber window , wherein the bottom of the separation unit is spaced apart from a bed of fluidized catalyst , comprising the step of locating the bed of fluidized catalyst level in the FCC reactor such that the bed of fluidized catalyst is directly above the at least one chamber windows of the separation unit.2. The process of wherein the catalyst bed level falls within the range of 125 IWC to 170 IWC.3. The process of wherein the catalyst bed density is 32.8 lbs/ftat an operating level of 125 IWC at an elevation of 164 ft.4. The process of wherein the catalyst bed density is 36.9 lbs/ftat an operating level of 140 IWC at an elevation of 164 ft.5. The process of wherein the catalyst bed density is 41 lbs/ftat an operating level of 150 IWC at an elevation of 164 ft.6. The process of wherein the catalyst bed density is 45.1 lbs/ftat an operating level of 170 IWC at an elevation of 164 ft.7. The process of wherein the distance between the bottom of the separation unit and the top of the catalyst bed is maximized to prevent fluidized catalyst from entering the bottom of the separator unit.8. The process of wherein fluidized catalyst is prevented from entering the separation unit by means of a baffle member positioned between the bottom of the separation unit and the top of the fluidized bed.9. The process of wherein hydrocarbon gases evacuate from the fluidized bed after residence in the catalyst through at least one vent tube which carry the clean hydrocarbon gases directly to the top region of the separator unit.10. A process for increasing hydrocarbon yield and decreasing coke production in an FCC reactor having a separation unit ...

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESSES AND APPARATUS

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include a conventional riser reactor in combination with a mixed flow (e.g., including both counter-current and co-current catalyst flows) fluidized bed reactor designed for maximizing light olefins production. The effluents from the riser reactor and mixed flow reactor are processed in a catalyst disengagement vessel, and the catalysts used in each reactor may be regenerated in a common catalyst regeneration vessel. Further, integration of the two-reactor scheme with a catalyst cooler provides a refinery the flexibility of switching the operation between the two-reactor flow scheme, a catalyst cooler only flow scheme, or using both simultaneously. 1. A system for processing hydrocarbons , comprising:a riser reactor configured to contact a mixture of first particles and second particles with a hydrocarbon feedstock to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock and to recover a riser reactor effluent comprising mixed hydrocarbons and the mixture of the first and second particles, wherein the first particle has a smaller average particle size and/or is less dense than the second particle, and wherein the first particle and second particle may independently be catalytic or non-catalytic particles; an overhead product line for recovering from the reactor a reactor effluent comprising first particles, a first portion of the second particles, and hydrocarbons;', 'a bottoms product line for recovering from the reactor a second stream comprising a second portion of the second particles;, 'a reactor configured to contact a mixture comprising the first particles and the second particles with a second hydrocarbon feedstock to convert at least a portion of the second hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the reactor is fluidly connected toa particle separator configured to separate second particles from the reactor effluent, and to ...

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Distributive Production of a Low Sulfur Heavy Marine Fuel Oil

A multi-stage process for the distributive production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that is distributed in a Reaction System composed of multiple reaction vessels. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the distributive process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions. 1. A process for the distributive production of a Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: mixing a quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions in a Reaction System to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the liquid components of the Process Mixture from the bulk gaseous components of the Process Mixture; subsequently separating any residual gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components from the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; wherein the Reaction System comprises two or more reactor vessels wherein said reactor vessels are configured in a matrix of at least 2 reactors by 2 reactors.2. The process of wherein the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has: a maximum of kinematic ...

RECIRCULATING INERT GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS USED WITH GLOVEBOXES, GLOVEBOXES INCORPORATING THE SAME AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

An apparatus that may entirely be contained in a glovebox for the removal of at least one contaminant from an inert atmosphere. The apparatus includes a body, a media in the body for the removal of at least one of the contaminants from the inert atmosphere flowing through the media, a fan for causing the inert atmosphere to flow through the media and body, and a motor for driving the fan. The apparatus may be provided in combination with a glovebox. A method of purification of the inert atmosphere using such an apparatus is also provided. 1. An apparatus for the removal of at least one contaminant from an inert atmosphere , the apparatus comprising:a body;a media in the body for the removal of at least one of said contaminant from said inert atmosphere flowing through said media;a fan for causing said inert atmosphere to flow through said body and media; anda motor for driving said fan.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said at least one contaminant is selected from the group consisting essentially of moisture claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , solvent claim 1 , nitrogen and combinations thereof.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the media is selected from the group of media consisting essentially of molecular sieve claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , silica gel desiccants claim 1 , copper catalysts and combinations thereof.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inert atmosphere is an atmosphere selected from the group consisting essentially of nitrogen claim 1 , argon claim 1 , neon claim 1 , helium claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and air combined with either of the aforementioned atmospheres.5. A glovebox with a purification apparatus combination comprising:a glovebox having an interior space; a body,', 'a media in the body for the removal of at least one contaminant from said inert atmosphere flowing through said media and body,', 'a fan for causing the inert atmosphere to flow through said media, and', 'a motor for ...

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

Fluidized Bed Reactor Adapted For The Production Of Biphased Systems

A fluidized bed reactor designed for in situ gas phase impregnation. The reactor comprises a tube with an upstream zone and a downstream zone, the upstream zone and the downstream zone being separated by a separation filter. A method for a controlled-deposition of a sublimated precursor onto a fluidized solid support. The method is remarkable in that it is carried out in situ within the tube of the fluidized bed reactor in accordance with the fluidized bed reactor. 120-. (canceled)21. A fluidized bed reactor , said fluidized bed reactor comprising:a gas inlet and a gas outlet being located downstream from the gas inlet;a tube inserted between the gas inlet and the gas outlet; anda heating part connected to the tube,wherein the tube comprises an upstream zone and a downstream zone, the upstream zone and the downstream zone being separated by a separation filter.22. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the tube is made of material which is resistant to temperature of at least up to 1000° C. and is transparent.23. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the tube is made of quartz.24. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the upstream zone is delimited by the separation filter and by a first porous filter claim 21 , and the downstream zone is delimited by the separation filter and by a second porous filter.25. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 24 , wherein the tube is inserted between the gas inlet and the gas outlet with respectively a first seal and a second seal.26. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the first porous filter is adjacent to the first seal and the second porous filter is adjacent to the second seal.27. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the heating part is at least one of a heating cable claim 21 , a heating jacket and a thermal activation source.28. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 21 , wherein at least one vibrator is ...