Multiple burn zones with independent circulation loops

A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Regenerative Gas Generator

Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed that overcome the deficiencies of traditional steam engines and internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, a system is disclosed for generating reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system comprises a first chamber including a reactor to decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water vapor. The system further comprises a second chamber including a reactor to catalytically combust a mixture of the generated oxygen and a fuel to generate reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system further comprises a passageway to receive reaction products exiting the second chamber and to channel the reaction products to come into contact with external surfaces of the first and second chambers to thereby transfer heat to the first and second chambers, and an outlet to allow the reaction products to exit the system.

Catalytic oxidation method and method for producing conjugated diene

An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.

ONLINE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE USING A CATALYST BED

A method of producing an organic peroxide includes introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture. The method further includes circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide and measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture. Further, the method includes removing at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value. 1. A method of producing an organic peroxide comprising:introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture;circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide;measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture; andremoving at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and water.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the peroxide solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of hydrogen peroxide based on a total weight of the peroxide solution.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solution comprises water and an organic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic solution comprises 10 to 50 wt % of the organic acid based on a total weight of the organic solution.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed catalyst bed comprises an acid resin.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set value is between 50 and 2000 ppm of the organic peroxide.10. A system for online production of an organic peroxide comprising:a mixing tank;a peroxide supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank and configured to supply a peroxide solution to the mixing tank;an organic supply in fluid communication with the mixing tank ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF A CHEMICAL SPECIES DURING A TIME-DEPENDENT PROCESS

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:introducing, in a reactor, one or more chemical species to be monitored during a time-dependent process;detecting, using one or more detectors, one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species over a time interval;receiving, from the one or more detectors, a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during the time interval;fitting, using a process controller, the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point; andmaking, by the process controller, one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the one or more process decisions comprise any one of terminating of the time-dependent process claim 32 , recovering the reactor contents claim 32 , proceeding to a subsequent reaction or processing stage in the same or a different reactor.34. The method of claim 32 , further comprising fitting ...

Process of Removing Heat

The present invention provides an improved process for removing heat from an exothermic reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a process wherein heat can be removed from multiple reaction trains using a common coolant system.

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING DIMETHYL ETHER

The invention relates to an improved process and system for the synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from a feedstock comprising Hand CO, wherein x=1-2. The process according to the invention comprises (a) subjecting the gaseous mixture comprising synthesis gas originating from step (c) to DME synthesis by contacting it with a catalyst capable of converting synthesis gas to DME to obtain a gaseous mixture comprising DME; (b) subjecting a gaseous mixture comprising the gaseous mixture originating from step (a) to a separation-enhanced reverse water gas shift reaction; and (c) subjecting the gaseous mixture originating from step (b) to DME/synthesis gas separation to obtain DME and a gaseous mixture comprising synthesis gas, which is recycled to step (a). Herein, the feedstock is introduced in step (a) or step (b) and the molar ratio of Hto COin the gaseous mixture which is subjected to step (b) is at least (x+0.8). Also a system for performing the reaction according to the invention is disclosed. 116-. (canceled)18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 17 , wherein x is 1.5-2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (b).19. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 17 , wherein x is 1.9-2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (b).20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 19 , wherein x is 1-1.5 and the feedstock is introduced in step (a).21. The process according to claim 20 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 20 , wherein x is 1-1.2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (a).22. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the molar ratio of Hto COin the feedstock is in the range of (x+1) to (x+10).23. The process according to claim 17 , wherein step (a) and/or step (b) is performed in a separation-enhanced DME synthesis (SEDMES) reaction zone.24. The process according to claim 23 , wherein the SEDMES reaction zone is sorption-enhanced and comprises ...

PRODUCING C5 OLEFINS FROM STEAM CRACKER C5 FEEDS

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described. 1. A process for producing C5 olefins from a C5 feed , comprising linear C5 olefins , branched C5 olefins , C5 dienes , including cyclopentadiene , and one or more C5 paraffins , the process comprising:feeding the C5 feed, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen to a fixed bed selective hydrogenation unit to selectively hydrogenate the C5 dienes, including cyclopentadiene, producing a partially hydrogenated stream comprising linear C5 olefins, branched C5 olefins, and remaining C5 dienes;feeding the partially hydrogenated stream to a catalytic distillation reactor system, wherein the partially hydrogenated stream is introduced below a first catalyst zone; separating the C5 olefins from the saturated hydrocarbon diluent; and', 'selectively hydrogenating at least a portion of the remaining C5 dienes to form additional linear C5 olefins and branched C5 olefins; and, 'concurrently in the catalytic distillation reactor systemrecovering linear ...

MINIMIZING COKE FORMATION IN A REACTOR STRIPPER

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods for catalyst regeneration. In particular, the presently disclosed subject matter provides for an integrated fluidized bed reactor and catalyst regeneration system to minimize hydrocarbon accumulation. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed subject matter provides for a fluidized bed reactor unit including a catalyst riser having a partially perforated surface in close proximity to a reactor stripper. 1. A catalyst reaction and regenerator system , comprising:a fluidized bed reactor comprising: 'a reactor stripper in close proximity to the partially perforated surface of the catalyst riser; and', 'a catalyst riser having a partially perforated surface; and'}a catalyst regenerator having at least two transfer lines to the fluidized bed reactor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein one of the transfer lines connects the catalyst riser to the catalyst regenerator.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein one of the two transfer lines connects the reactor stripper and the catalyst regenerator.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perforated surface of the catalyst riser does not allow more than about 5% to about 10% of a catalyst to flow inside the catalyst riser from the reactor stripper.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the partially perforated surface of the catalyst riser minimizes coke formation.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a second reactor.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the second reactor is connected to the fluidized bed reactor by a transfer line.8. A method of regenerating catalyst claim 6 , comprising: generating a chemical product in the presence of a catalyst in the catalyst riser;', 'separating the chemical product from the catalyst in the catalyst riser;', 'feeding the catalyst from the catalyst riser to the reactor stripper;', 'transferring the catalyst from the reactor stripper to a catalyst regenerator through a transfer line; and, 'feeding a ...

Process of Removing Heat

The present invention provides an improved process for removing heat from an exothermic reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a process wherein heat can be removed from multiple reaction trains using a common coolant system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of starting up an exothermic reaction comprising:(a) providing at least two separate reaction trains each comprising at least one reactor;(b) providing a common coolant circulation system which comprises a single common reservoir comprising a coolant which is fed into each reaction train;(c) starting circulation of the coolant to each reaction train;(d) increasing the pressure the reactors to a desired reaction pressure;(e) feeding a reactant feedstream into each reaction train;(f) increasing the temperature of the single common reservoir while adjusting the GHSV of the reactant feedstreams through each reaction train to obtain the desired extent of exothermic reaction.2226-. (canceled)27. A method of starting up an exothermic reaction in a start-up reactor comprised in a reaction train , said method comprisinga) providing multiple reaction trains each comprising at least one reactor;b) providing a common coolant circulation system which comprises a single common reservoir comprising a first coolant which is fed into each reaction train except the reaction train comprising the start-up reactor in which the exothermic reaction is to be started up;c) providing a second coolant circulation system associated with a second coolant reservoir comprising a second coolant which is fed into the reaction train comprising the start-up reactor;d) increasing the pressure in the start-up reactor to a desired reaction pressure;e) feeding a reactant feedstream into the reaction train comprising the start-up reactor;f) running the process until the operating conditions of the start-up reactor are such that the coolant exiting the start-up reactor may be reintroduced to the common coolant circulation system; andg) ...

PROCESS OF REMOVING HEAT

The present invention provides an improved process for removing heat from an exothermic reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a process wherein heat can be removed from multiple reaction trains using a common coolant system. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A method of isolating a reaction train from an exothermic reaction process circuit which comprises multiple reaction trains to which a first coolant is fed from a common first coolant reservoir and wherein each reaction train comprises a reactor to which a reactant substream is fed , comprising:performing the exothermic reaction in the reactor to produce reaction products and first coolant to which heat has been transferred;providing a second coolant circulation system associated with a second coolant reservoir;redirecting the first coolant to which heat has been transferred from the reaction train to be isolated to the second coolant reservoir; and thenstopping the feed of the first coolant to the reaction train to be isolated while simultaneously initiating the feed of the second coolant from the second coolant reservoir to the reaction train to be isolated.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the first coolant and the second coolant are the same.24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the first coolant and the second coolant are different.25. A method of reintroducing a reaction train which has been isolated from an exothermic reaction process circuit which comprises multiple reaction trains to which a first coolant is fed from a common coolant reservoir claim 22 , wherein each reaction train comprises a reactor to which a reactant substream is fed and wherein:an exothermic reaction is performed in the reactor of each ...

Processes and Apparatus for Bimodal Slurry Polymerization

Processes and apparatus for preparing bimodal polymers are provided. In some embodiments, processes include introducing a monomer, a first diluent, a catalyst, hydrogen, at a first hydrogen concentration, and optional comonomer, to a first loop reactor to produce, under polymerization conditions, a first slurry of polymer solids. Processes may also include continuously discharging the first slurry of polymer solids from the loop reactor as a first polymerization effluent to a first flash tank; separating the first polymerization effluent in the first flash tank to provide a first concentrated polymer slurry with significantly lower hydrogen concentration; and transferring the first concentrated polymer slurry from the flash tank to a re-slurry mixer. Processes may further include introducing a re-slurry mixer diluent to the first concentrated polymer slurry to form a second concentrated polymer slurry in the re-slurry mixer that can be pumped to a second slurry loop reactor.

Inherently safe odh operation

In the operation of an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) process, it is desirable to remove oxygen in the product stream for a number of reasons, including to reduce oxidation of the product. This may be achieved by having several pre-reactors upstream of the main reactor having a catalyst system containing labile oxygen. The feed passes through one or more reactors saturated with labile oxygen. When the labile oxygen is consumed through a valve system, the pre-reactor accepts product from the main reactor and complexes reactive oxygen in the product stream until the catalyst system is saturated with labile oxygen. Then the reactor becomes a pre-reactor and another pre-reactor becomes a scavenger.

EFFICIENT IN-SITU CATALYST SULFIDING METHODS AND SYSTEMS

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process. 1. A system for sulfiding a metal catalyst , comprising: a sulfur product inlet and outlet,', 'a sulfur product measurement device,', 'a sulfur product pressurization device having a variably controllable output,', 'a controller in electrical communication with at least the measurement device and pressurization device, and', 'a first communication device configured to transmit information between the module and an external site;, 'a mobile sulfur supply module comprising'} an inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen sulfide concentration detection device located between the inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen gas concentration detection device located between the inlet and the outlet,', 'and', 'a second communication device configured to transmit information between the hydrogen sulfide detection device and the external site and between the hydrogen gas detection device and the external site., 'a mobile detection module comprising'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a laptop computer.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a website on the Internet.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a pump.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pump comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a compressor.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the compressor comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur product measurement device comprises a multi-parameter fluid measurement device.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the fluid measurement device is configured to determine ...

METHODS OF MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE MELT INDEX OF A POLYOLEFIN PRODUCT DURING PRODUCTION

Methods for producing polyolefin polymers may use a predictive melt index regression to estimate the melt index of the polyolefin during production based on the composition of the gas phase and, optionally, the concentration of catalyst in the reactor or reactor operating conditions. Such predictive melt index regression may include multiple terms to account for concentration of ICA in the reactor, optionally concentration of hydrogen in the reactor, optionally concentration of comonomer in the reactor, optionally the catalyst composition, and optionally reactor operating conditions. One or more terms may independently be represented by a smoothing function that incorporates a time constant. 1. A method comprising:providing a predictive melt index regression derived at least in part on data from a previous production run of a first polyolefin having a first melt index formed by reacting an olefin monomer with a catalyst system in the presence of an induced condensing agent (ICA) and optionally hydrogen, wherein the predictive melt index regression is based on an effect of a concentration of the ICA in the reactor and optionally an effect of a concentration of hydrogen in the reactor on the melt index of the first polyolefin, and wherein a smoothing function using a time constant represents the concentration of the ICA in the predictive melt index regression;contacting in a fluidized bed gas phase reactor the olefin monomer with the catalyst system in the presence of an ICA and optionally hydrogen to produce a second polyolefin having a second melt index;monitoring a reactor ICA concentration and optionally a reactor hydrogen concentration;calculating a predicted melt index for the second polyolefin using the predictive melt index regression based on a change to the reactor ICA concentration; andadjusting the reactor ICA concentration based on the predicted melt index to maintain the second melt index within or move the second melt index to within a melt index ...

Polymerization Catalyst Delivery

A process is described for introducing a catalyst into a polymerization zone by detecting one or a combination of (i) a change in a concentration of the catalyst in a catalyst feed stream upstream of the polymerization zone, (ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, and (iii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone, adjusting a first catalyst flow rate of the catalyst in the catalyst feed stream to a second catalyst flow rate based on the one or a combination of (i), (ii), and (iii), and introducing the catalyst into the polymerization zone downstream of a location in the catalyst feed stream where the step of adjusting is performed. A catalyst injection system for carrying out such a process is also provided. 117.-. (canceled)18. A process for introducing a catalyst system comprising one or more catalyst system components into a polymerization zone , the process comprising:detecting one or a combination selected from the group consisting of:i) a change in a concentration of at least one of the one or more catalyst system components, wherein the one or more catalyst system components comprise a catalyst, a co-catalyst, an activator, a diluent, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of the least one of the one or more catalyst system components is measured in a feed stream for the at least one of the one or more catalyst components upstream of the polymerization zone,ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, andiii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone;adjusting a flow rate of at least one of the one or more catalyst system components in the feed stream from a first flow rate to a second flow rate, at a location in the feed stream for the at least one of the one or more catalyst system components, based on the one or the combination selected from the group consisting of i), ii), and iii); andintroducing the one or more catalyst system ...

Use of Turbidimeter for Measurement of Solid Catalyst System Component in a Reactor Feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream. 1. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system , comprising:(a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system; and(b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream comprises using a calibration curve with known solid component concentration values as a function of measured turbidity.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream further comprises subtracting a background signal from the measured turbidity of the reactor feed stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream comprises passing at least a portion of the feed stream through a turbidimeter claim ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING YIELDS OF HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM ALCOHOLS

Systems and methods are provided that permit temperature control of a catalyst bed for conversion of alcohols to fuel hydrocarbons by modulating the water content of the alcohol feed stream provided to the catalyst bed. Heat generated by exothermic reactions in the catalyst bed can be utilized to pre-heat the alcohol feed stream. In some embodiments a secondary catalyst bed is provided for the conversion of light hydrocarbons found in the initial hydrocarbon product to fuel hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. 135.-. (canceled)36. A method for controlling temperature in a catalyst bed comprising:providing a catalyst bed configured to process alcohol to a fuel hydrocarbon mixture;providing a first flow of a first stream comprising the alcohol;directing a second flow of a second stream comprising water into the first stream to produce a third stream, wherein the third stream is directed to the catalyst bed; andmodulating the first flow or the second flow to modulate water content of the third stream to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired temperature range.37. The method of claim 36 , further comprising the step of generating temperature data characterizing temperature of the catalyst bed.38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising the steps of:providing the temperature data to a controller;within the controller, using an algorithm to determine a flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow necessary to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired range; andtransmitting an instruction from the controller to a flow control device to modulate flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow.39. The method of claim 36 , wherein a mean temperature within the desired temperature range is from 200° C. to 600° C. claim 36 , and wherein the mean temperature is surrounded by a temperature range selected from the group consisting of ±20° C. claim 36 , ±30° C. claim 36 , ±40° C. claim 36 , ±50° C. ...

AUTOTHERMAL AMMONIA CRACKING PROCESS

Process for the production of a product gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen from ammonia comprising the steps of non-catalytic partial oxidation of ammonia with an oxygen containing gas to a process gas containing nitrogen, water, amounts of nitrogen oxides and residual amounts of ammonia; cracking of at least a part of the residual amounts of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen in the process gas by contact with a nickel containing catalyst and simultaneously reducing the amounts of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water by reaction with a part of the hydrogen formed during cracking of the process gas by contact of the process gas with the nickel containing catalyst; and withdrawing the hydrogen and nitrogen containing product gas. 1. Process for the production of a product gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen from ammonia comprising the steps of non-catalytic partial oxidation of ammonia with an oxygen containing gas to a process gas containing nitrogen , water , amounts of nitrogen oxides and residual amounts of ammonia;cracking of at least a part of the residual amounts of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen in the process gas by contact with a nickel containing catalyst and simultaneously reducing the amounts of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water by reaction with a part of the hydrogen formed during cracking of the process gas by contact of the process gas with the nickel containing catalyst; andwithdrawing the hydrogen and nitrogen containing product gas.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amounts of nitrogen oxides generated in the non-catalytic partial oxidation step are reduced by more than 80% claim 1 , and up to 100% as limited by thermodynamic equilibrium claim 1 , through reaction of the nitrogen oxides with hydrogen by contact with the nickel containing catalyst.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-catalytic partial oxidation of ammonia is performed by burning the ammonia in gaseous form in a burner with under -stoichiometric amounts of oxygen ...

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system for generating hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms (C hydrocarbons) , comprising:a methane source that provides methane;an oxidant source that provides an oxidant;{'sub': '2+', 'a reaction unit in fluid communication with said methane source and said oxidant source, said reaction unit comprising a catalyst bed that includes at least one oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst, wherein said OCM catalyst facilitates an OCM reaction using said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source to generate said C hydrocarbons, and wherein said catalyst bed has an inlet zone that is contacted by a bulk gas mixture formed upon entry of said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source into said reaction unit; and'} (a) maintain a thermal profile across said catalyst bed during said OCM reaction, which thermal profile is characterized by (i) a temperature of said inlet zone being less than about 550° C., and (ii) a maximum temperature within said catalyst bed being greater than about 800° C.;', '(b) maintain a pressure within said reaction unit greater than about 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig); and', {'sub': '2+', '(c) maintain said OCM reaction within said catalyst bed at a methane conversion of at least about 6% and a C hydrocarbon ...

AMMOXIDATION REACTOR CONTROL

A process is provided for control of an ammoxidation reactor. More specifically, the process includes controlling an amount of oxygen added to the reactor, steam temperature and linear velocity to minimize reactor temperature deviations. 1. An ammoxidation process comprising:introducing a flow of a reactant stream into an ammoxidation reactor, wherein the reactant stream includes ammonia, an oxygen containing gas, a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutene, isobutylene and mixtures thereof; andproviding steam to coils disposed in the ammoxidation reactor to provide a reactor operating temperature of about 350° C. to about 480° C.,wherein an amount of the oxygen added to the reactor and the steam temperature are controlled to maintain a superficial reactor linear velocity.2. The process of wherein the superficial reactor linear velocity is maintained between about 0.5 m/s to about 1.5 m/s.3. The process of wherein the superficial reactor linear velocity is maintained between about 0.7 m/s to about 1.0 m/s.4. The process of wherein the superficial reactor linear velocity is maintained between about 0.75 m/s to about 0.80 m/s.5. The process of wherein reactor temperature deviations are maintained at about 10° C. or less during changes in a heat transfer area of the coils.6. The process of wherein the steam is superheated steam and the coils are superheat coils.7. The process of wherein the superheated steam is provided with a temperature of about 355° C. to about 400° C.8. The process of wherein a reactor top pressure is maintained at about 3.8 psig to about 5.0 psig.9. The process of wherein a total available superheat coil area per reactor cross sectional area (ft/ft) is about 1 to about 7.10. The process of wherein the superheat coil area (ft) per heat removed by the superheat coils (Kcal) per metric ton of acrylonitrile produced is about 275 claim 9 ,000 to about 475 claim 9 ,000.11. The process of wherein the reactant stream ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF A CHEMICAL SPECIES DURING A TIME-DEPENDENT PROCESS

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:introducing, in a reactor, one or more chemical species to be monitored during a time-dependent process;detecting, using one or more detectors, one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species over a time interval;receiving, from the one or more detectors, a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during the time interval;fitting, using a process controller, the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point; andmaking, by the process controller, one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point;wherein the continuous stream of data comprises one or more of UV absorption, visible absorption, infra-red absorption, Raman scattering, fluorescence, reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, Mie scattering, and evaporative light scattering.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ...

Process for pretreatment of vegetable oils by heterogeneous catalysis of the esterification of fatty acids

The invention relates to a continuous process for pretreatment of an oil feedstock comprising at most 20% by weight of free fatty acids by esterification of free fatty acids in which a vertical liquid/liquid contactor containing an esterification catalyst in solid form is supplied in counter-current by an alcohol feedstock comprising at least 20% by weight of an alcohol and said oil feedstock, with said contactor being operated at a temperature of between 25 and 120° C., with said contactor performing the contact in liquid-liquid counter-current between a heavy phase and a light phase, with said heavy phase being able to be either an oil-rich phase or an alcohol-rich phase.

Efficient in-situ catalyst sulfiding methods and systems

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process.

Gas decomposition reactor feedback control using raman spectrometry

A gas decomposition reactor for the decomposition of a gas into a mixture of solid and gaseous by-products is disclosed. The gas decomposition reactor includes a reactor vessel, a Raman spectrometer, and a processor. The reactor vessel has an inlet for receiving inlet gas and an exhaust outlet for releasing exhaust gas. The Raman spectrometer is connected with the exhaust outlet for determining a chemical conversion within the reactor chamber and generating a corresponding signal. The processor is connected with the Raman spectrometer to receive the signal from the Raman spectrometer. The processor is capable of comparing the signal with a set of values and calculating differences between the signal and the set of values. The processor is connected with the inlet to regulate a flow of the inlet gas.

Process, reactor and system for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils

A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils includes the step of contacting a hydrocarbon oil feedstock with a catalytic cracking catalyst in a reactor having one or more fast fluidized reaction zones for reaction. At least one of the fast fluidized reaction zones of the reactor is a full dense-phase reaction zone, and the axial solid fraction ε of the catalyst is controlled within a range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 throughout the full dense-phase reaction zone. When used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils, particularly heavy feedstock oils, the process, reactor and system show a high contact efficiency between oil and catalyst, a selectivity of the catalytic reaction, an effectively reduced yield of dry gas and coke, and an improved yield of high value-added products such as ethylene and propylene. 1. A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils , comprising the step of contacting a hydrocarbon oil feedstock , particularly a heavy feedstock oil , with a catalytic cracking catalyst for reaction in a reactor comprising one or more fast fluidized reaction zones , wherein at least one of the fast fluidized reaction zones of the reactor is a full dense-phase reaction zone , and the axial solid fraction ε of the catalyst is controlled within a range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 throughout the full dense-phase reaction zone.2. The process according to claim 1 , which is used for the production of light olefins from heavy feedstock oils claim 1 , and further comprises the steps of:i) contacting the heavy feedstock oil, such as an inferior heavy oil, with the catalytic cracking catalyst in the full dense-phase reaction zone of the reactor for reaction under conditions effective to produce light olefins, wherein the axial solid fraction ε of the catalyst is controlled within a range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 throughout the full dense-phase reaction zone of the reactor;ii) separating the reaction effluent from the reactor to obtain a reaction ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYST ACTIVATION PROCEDURE

A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst activation system including separation apparatus configured for separating a product gas comprising primarily hydrogen from a gas stream comprising hydrogen, an activation reactor fluidly connected with the separation apparatus via an activation gas inlet line whereby the product gas may be introduced into the activation reactor, and a circulation loop fluidly connecting a gas outlet of the activation reactor with the activation gas inlet line or with another gas inlet of the activation reactor and fluidly connecting the activation reactor with one or more apparatus configured for removal of HO. A method of activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is also provided. 1. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst , the system comprising:separation apparatus configured for separating a product gas comprising primarily hydrogen from a gas stream comprising hydrogen and at least one component selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide and water vapor;an activation reactor fluidly connected with the separation apparatus via an activation gas inlet line whereby the product gas may be introduced into the activation reactor;a circulation loop fluidly connecting a gas outlet of the activation reactor with the activation gas inlet line or with another gas inlet of the activation reactor and fluidly connecting the activation reactor with one or more apparatus configured for removal of H2O;a measurement device to measure the concentration of the at least one component of carbon monoxide or water vapor in the circulation loop;wherein the circulation loop is configured to maintain the circulation as a closed loop system until the measured concentration of the at least one component is below a desired concentration of either for carbon monoxide in a range of less than about 10 ppmv to less than about 0.1 ppmv or for water vapor a water concentration of less than about 100 ppmv.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the product gas comprises ...

Fluidized bed reactor and method for producing granular polysilicon

Granular polysilicon is produced in a fluidized-bed reactor by fluidizing silicon particles by means of a gas flow in a fluidized bed heated to a temperature of 850-1100° C., adding a silicon-containing reaction gas by means of a nozzle and depositing of silicon on the silicon particles, wherein, in at least 56% of an axially symmetric region around a nozzle opening of the nozzle, the reaction gas concentration is greater than 75% of the maximum concentration of the reaction gas (10 to 50 mol %), the fluidized-bed temperature is greater than 95% of the fluidized-bed temperature outside the axially symmetric region (850-1100° C.) and the solids concentration is greater than 85% of the solids concentration at the edge of the fluidized bed (55 to 90% by volume).

NOVEL METHODS AND RELATED TOOLS FOR CBD CONVERSION TO THC

The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9.

Fuel processor component for a propylene glycol fuel processor and propylene glycol fuel processor

The invention relates to a fuel processor component for a propylene glycol fuel processor, comprising at least one housing (G) having at least two inlets (E 1 , E 2 ) and two outlets (A 1 , A 2 ), wherein there is a multitude of first plates (P 1 ) having a first side (S 1 ) and a second side (S 2 ) and second plates (P 2 ) having a third side (S 3 ) and a fourth side (S 4 ) arranged as a stack in the housing (G), wherein the stacked first and second plates (P 1 , P 2 ) form at least first cavities (H 1 ) and second cavities (H 2 ), wherein the first inlet (E 1 ) has fluid connection to the first outlet (A 1 ) via first cavities (H 1 ) and the second inlet (E 2 ) has fluid connection to the second outlet (A 2 ) via second cavities (H 2 ). The invention further relates to a propylene glycol fuel processor.

METHODS OF MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE MELT INDEX OF A POLYOLEFIN PRODUCT DURING PRODUCTION

Methods for producing polyolefin polymers may use a predictive melt index regression to estimate the melt index of the polyolefin during production based on the composition of the gas phase and, optionally, the concentration of catalyst in the reactor or reactor operating conditions. Such predictive melt index regression may include multiple terms to account for concentration of ICA in the reactor, optionally concentration of hydrogen in the reactor, optionally concentration of comonomer in the reactor, optionally the catalyst composition, and optionally reactor operating conditions. One or more terms may independently be represented by a smoothing function that incorporates a time constant. 124.-. (canceled)25. A method comprising:contacting in a fluidized bed gas phase reactor an olefin monomer with a catalyst system in the presence of an induced condensing agent (ICA) and optionally hydrogen to produce a polyolefin having a melt index;monitoring a reactor ICA concentration, optionally a reactor hydrogen concentration, and the melt index of the polyolefin;calculating a predictive melt index regression based on an effect of the concentration of the ICA in the reactor and optionally an effect of the hydrogen in the reactor on the melt index of the polyolefin, wherein at least one term of the predictive melt index regression associated with the concentration of the ICA or the concentration of the hydrogen is independently represented by a smoothing function that incorporates a time constant;calculating a predicted melt index using the predictive melt index regression based on a change in the reactor ICA concentration; andadjusting the reactor ICA concentration based on the predicted melt flow index to maintain the melt index within or move the melt index to within a melt index threshold range.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein terms of the predictive melt index regression associated with the concentration of the ICA and the concentration of the hydrogen are each ...

METHODS AND RELATED TOOLS FOR CBD CONVERSION TO THC

The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9. 2. The material-efficient method of claim 1 , wherein the THC produced in the accelerated conversion environment is produced with enhanced conversion efficiency of the CBD with greater than 75% efficiency.3. The material-efficient method of claim 1 , wherein the THC produced in the accelerated conversion environment is greater than 80% pure.4. The material-efficient method of claim 1 , wherein the THC produced in the accelerated conversion environment is 500 g or greater.6. A tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) production device comprising:a vessel for containing acidicly enriched solid support particles; anda plurality of CBD-activated acidicly enriched solid support particles positioned inside the vessel, wherein THC is produced from the CBD-activated acidicly enriched solid support particleswherein the THC is produced at an enhanced rate.7. The THC production device of claim 6 , wherein the heating source is a heating jacket.8. The THC production device of claim 6 , further comprising a means for extraction of the THC from the acidicly enriched solid support particles in the vessel.9. The THC production device of claim 6 , wherein 500 g or greater of THC may be produced in a single use of the device.10. The THC production device of claim 6 , wherein the THC is produced with enhanced conversion efficiency of the CBD with greater than 75% efficiency.11. The THC production device of claim ...

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system for generating hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms (C hydrocarbons) , comprising:a methane source that provides methane;an oxidant source that provides an oxidant;{'sub': '2+', 'a reaction unit in fluid communication with said methane source and said oxidant source, said reaction unit comprising a catalyst bed that includes at least one oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst, wherein said OCM catalyst facilitates an OCM reaction using said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source to generate said C hydrocarbons, and wherein said catalyst bed has an inlet zone that is contacted by a bulk gas mixture formed upon entry of said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source into said reaction unit; and'}a control unit operably coupled to said reaction unit, wherein said control unit is programmed to:(a) maintain a thermal profile across said catalyst bed during said OCM reaction, which thermal profile is characterized by (i) a temperature of said inlet zone being less than about 600° C., and (ii) a maximum temperature within said catalyst bed being greater than about 800° C.;(b) maintain a pressure within said reaction unit greater than about 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig); and{'sub': '2+', '(c) maintain said OCM reaction within ...

SELECTIVE DIMERIZATION AND ETHERIFICATION OF ISOBUTYLENE VIA CATALYTIC DISTILLATION

A process for the selective dimerization and etherification of isoolefins, including feeding a mixed C4 stream and an oxygenate stream to a first fixed bed reactor containing a first catalyst, producing a first reactor effluent comprising dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates. Feeding the first reactor effluent directly to a second fixed bed reactor containing a second catalyst, producing a second reactor effluent containing dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates. Feeding the second reactor effluent to a catalytic distillation reactor system containing a third catalyst. Concurrently in the catalyst distillation reactor system reacting unreacted C4s in the presence of the third catalyst to form additional dimers of the isoolefin and/or ethers, and separating the dimers of the isoolefins from unreacted oxygenates and unreacted C4s. 1. A process for the selective dimerization and etherification of isoolefins , the process comprising:feeding a mixed C4 stream, comprising isoolefins, and an oxygenate stream to a first fixed bed reactor containing a first catalyst, producing a first reactor effluent comprising dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates;feeding the first reactor effluent directly to a second fixed bed reactor containing a second catalyst, producing a second reactor effluent comprising dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates;feeding the second reactor effluent to a catalytic distillation reactor system containing a third catalyst; reacting unreacted C4s in the presence of the third catalyst to form additional dimers of the isoolefin and/or ethers, and', 'separating the dimers of the isoolefins from unreacted oxygenates and unreacted C4s, producing a bottoms stream comprising the dimers of the isoolefins, any produced trimers of the isoolefins, and heavy oxygenates, and an overhead stream comprising unreacted light oxygenates and C4s., 'concurrently in the ...

Material processing system and method

The present invention presents a system for and method of processing a particulate material, for example carbonaceous materials, food products or minerals, to produce a processed material having more desirable properties. The method comprises the steps of: introducing the particulate material into a chamber; providing a flow of fluid into said chamber for entraining the particulate material via inlets at a lower end of the chamber; and providing an exhaust of fluid out of the chamber via an outlet at an upper end of the chamber. The chamber comprises a processing zone having a substantially circular transverse cross-section, the fluid flow being introduced into the processing zone at a non-perpendicular angle with respect to a tangent of the substantially circular transverse cross-section of the processing zone to establish a fluid flow following a substantially helical path in the processing chamber. Said processing zone is provided in a central region of said chamber. Individual particulate material during processing in the processing zone is entrained by the fluid flow exceeding the terminal velocity of the particulate material, exits the processing zone in a radially outward direction, circulates to a base of the chamber and then returns to the processing zone in a repeated cycle. Individual particulate material can increase in mass or aggregate to form a mass of particulate material with larger mass during processing until its terminal velocity exceeds the fluid flow and thereby exits the processing zone by descending through an opening at the base of the chamber under gravity. A toroidal bed reactor is also provided.

EFFICIENT IN-SITU CATALYST SULFIDING METHODS AND SYSTEMS

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process. 1. A system for sulfiding a metal catalyst , comprising: a sulfur product inlet and outlet,', 'a sulfur product measurement device,', 'a sulfur product pressurization device having a variably controllable output,', 'a controller in electrical communication with at least the measurement device and pressurization device, and', 'a first communication device configured to transmit information between the module and an external site;, 'a mobile sulfur supply module comprising'} an inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen sulfide concentration detection device located between the inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen gas concentration detection device located between the inlet and the outlet,', 'and', 'a second communication device configured to transmit information between the hydrogen sulfide detection device and the external site and between the hydrogen gas detection device and the external site., 'a mobile detection module comprising'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a laptop computer.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a website on the Internet.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a pump.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pump comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a compressor.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the compressor comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur product measurement device comprises a multi-parameter fluid measurement device.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the fluid measurement device is configured to determine ...

High-severity fluidized catalytic cracking systems and processes having partial catalyst recycle

Methods for operating a system having two downflow high-severity FCC units for producing products from a hydrocarbon feed includes introducing the hydrocarbon feed to a feed separator and separating it into a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction. The greater boiling point fraction is passed to the first FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a first catalyst at 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a first cracking reaction product and a spent first catalyst. The lesser boiling point fraction is passed to the second FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a second catalyst at 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a second cracking reaction product and a spent second catalyst. At least a portion of the spent first catalyst or the spent second catalyst is passed back to the first FCC unit, the second FCC unit or both.

METHODS OF CHANGING POLYOLEFIN PRODUCTION RATE WITH THE COMPOSITION OF THE INDUCED CONDENSING AGENTS

Polyolefin polymerization performed by contacting in a reactor an olefin monomer and optionally a comonomer with a catalyst system in the presence of induced condensing agents (ICA) and optionally hydrogen. The ICA may include two or more ICA components where the composition of the ICA (i.e., the concentration of each ICA component) may affect the polyolefin production rate. Changes to the relative concentration of the two or more ICA components may be according to ICA equivalency factors that allow for increasing the polyolefin production rate while maintain a sticking temperature, increasing polyolefin production rate while increasing the dew point approach temperature of the ICA, or a combination thereof. 1. A method comprising:contacting in a fluidized bed gas phase reactor an olefin monomer with a catalyst system in the presence of an induced condensing agent (ICA) and optionally hydrogen to produce a polyolefin having a sticking temperature, wherein the ICA comprises a first ICA component and a second ICA component;operating the fluidized bed gas phase reactor at an operating temperature lower than the sticking temperature of the polyolefin;withdrawing a gas phase composition comprising at least some of the olefin, at least some of the ICA, and optionally at least some hydrogen;condensing a portion of the ICA from the gas phase composition yielding a condensed ICA;recycling at least a portion of the condensed ICA and at least a portion of the gas phase composition to the fluidized bed gas phase reactor; andchanging a mole percent of total reactor gas for each of the first and the second ICA components according to a first ICA to second ICA equivalency factor whereby one mole of the second ICA component is substituted with a predetermined number of moles of the first ICA component so as to cause a dew point approach temperature of the ICA to increase, wherein the dew point approach temperature is an operating temperature of the reactor minus a dew point of the ...

WIRELESS MONITORING AND PROFILING OF REACTOR CONDITIONS USING PLURALITY OF SENSOR-ENABLED RFID TAGS AND MULTIPLE TRANSCEIVERS

Disclosed is a system and method for wirelessly monitoring 5 process conditions within a reactor vessel. A plurality of sensor-enabled radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are disposed at unspecified or random locations throughout a catalyst bed of a vessel and are used to measure various conditions within the vessel. The sensor-enabled RFID tags are encoded with individual identification codes and are wirelessly linked to multiple 10 transceivers. The use of multiple transceivers allows for the application of triangulation methods to identify the location of each of the sensor-enabled RFID tags in threedimensional space and for the interrogation of each sensor-enabled RFID tag to receive responsive transponder signals that carry information representative of the sensed condition within the reactor. 1. A system for wirelessly monitoring and profiling process conditions within a reactor vessel , wherein said system comprises:said reactor vessel that defines a reaction zone, wherein within said reaction zone is a catalyst bed, comprising catalyst particles;a plurality of sensor-enabled RFID tags disposed within said catalyst bed;a first RFID transceiver antenna wirelessly linked to each said sensor-enabled RFID tag of said plurality and that is capable of transmitting a first interrogation signal and receiving a first RFID transponder signal that is transmitted responsive to said first interrogation signal;a second RFID transceiver antenna wirelessly linked to each said sensor-enabled RFID tag of said plurality and that is capable of transmitting a second interrogation signal and receiving a second RFID transponder signal that is transmitted responsive to said second interrogation signal; anda third RFID transceiver antenna wirelessly linked to each said sensor-enabled RFID tag of said plurality and that is capable of transmitting a third interrogation signal and receiving a third RFID transponder signal that is transmitted responsive to said third interrogation ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING DIMETHYL ETHER

The invention relates to an improved process and system for the synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from a feedstock comprising Hand CO, wherein x=1-2. The process according to the invention comprises (a) subjecting the gaseous mixture comprising synthesis gas originating from step (c) to DME synthesis by contacting it with a catalyst capable of converting synthesis gas to DME to obtain a gaseous mixture comprising DME; (b) subjecting a gaseous mixture comprising the gaseous mixture originating from step (a) to a separation-enhanced reverse water gas shift reaction; and (c) subjecting the gaseous mixture originating from step (b) to DME/synthesis gas separation to obtain DME and a gaseous mixture comprising synthesis gas, which is recycled to step (a). Herein, the feedstock is introduced in step (a) or step (b) and the molar ratio of Hto COin the gaseous mixture which is subjected to step (b) is at least (x+0.8). Also a system for performing the reaction according to the invention is disclosed. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 1 , wherein x is 1.5-2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (b).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 1 , wherein x is 1.9-2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (b).4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 3 , wherein x is 1-1.5 and the feedstock is introduced in step (a).5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the feedstock comprises CO claim 4 , wherein x is 1-1.2 and the feedstock is introduced in step (a).6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of Hto COin the feedstock is in the range of (x+1) to (x+10).7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) and/or step (b) is performed in a separation-enhanced DME synthesis (SEDMES) reaction zone.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the SEDMES reaction zone is sorption-enhanced and comprises a catalyst system which contains ...

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention is directed toward polymerizing alpha-olefins either alone or in combination with one or more other alpha-olefins utilizing a bulky ligand transition metal catalyst in a gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention relates to methods for determining stable operating zones for gas fluidized bed polymerization and to a process for gas phase polymerization. In particular, a method of determining a stable operating zone of a gas fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode which comprises observing fluidized bulk density changes in the reactor associated with changes in the composition of the fluidizing medium; and increasing the cooling capacity of the recycle stream by changing the composition without exceeding the level at which a reduction in the fluidized bulk density becomes irreversible.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention is directed toward polymerizing alpha-olefins either alone or in combination with one or more other alpha-olefins utilizing a bully ligand transition metal catalyst in a gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode.

Methods of changing polyolefin production rate with the composition of the induced condensing agents

Polyolefin polymerization performed by contacting in a reactor an olefin monomer and optionally a comonomer with a catalyst system in the presence of induced condensing agents (ICA) and optionally hydrogen. The ICA may include two or more ICA components where the composition of the ICA (i.e ., the concentration of each ICA component) may affect the polyolefin production rate. Changes to the relative concentration of the two or more ICA components may be according to ICA equivalency factors that allow for increasing the polyolefin production rate while maintain a sticking temperature, increasing polyolefin production rate while increasing the dew point approach temperature of the ICA, or a combination thereof.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention is directed toward polymerizing alpha-olefins either alone or in combination with one or more other alpha-olefins utilizing a bulky ligand transition metal catalyst in a gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode.

Systems and methods for detecting impurities in reactor systems

The present invention is directed to various methods and systems for detecting at least one impurity in a bulk fluid. In certain embodiments, the methods are performed in conjunction with a polymerization reactor system such as a gas-phase reactor system.

Methods of monitoring and controlling the melt index of a polyolefin product during production

Methods for producing polyolefin polymers may use a predictive melt index regression to estimate the melt index of the polyolefin during production based on the composition of the gas phase and, optionally, the concentration of catalyst in the reactor or reactor operating conditions. Such predictive melt index regression may include multiple terms to account for concentration of ICA in the reactor, optionally concentration of hydrogen in the reactor, optionally concentration of comonomer in the reactor, optionally the catalyst composition, and optionally reactor operating conditions. One or more terms may independently be represented by a smoothing function that incorporates a time constant.

Fluidized bed reactor

A fluid bed reactor system and process employing a silyl chromate catalyst therein wherein the reactor system comprises a vertical reactor having a fluidizing medium permeable distribution plate towards the base thereof, a fluidizing medium supply line to supply fluidizing medium to the base of the reactor, a catalyst injection means to supply particulate catalyst to the side of the reactor, a polymer product recovery means to recover polymer product from the reactor and beneath the distribution plate, a fluidizing medium recycle line to recycle the fluidizing medium from and to the reactor, and a heat exchanger in the recycle line to remove heat of reaction from the recycled fluidizing medium.

Methods of changing polyolefin production rate with the composition of the induced condensing agents

Polyolefin polymerization performed by contacting in a reactor an olefin monomer and optionally a comonomer with a catalyst system in the presence of induced condensing agents (ICA) and optionally hydrogen. The ICA may include two or more ICA components where the composition of the ICA (i.e., the concentration of each ICA component) may affect the polyolefin production rate. Changes to the relative concentration of the two or more ICA components may be according to ICA equivalency factors that allow for increasing the polyolefin production rate while maintain a sticking temperature, increasing polyolefin production rate while increasing the dew point approach temperature of the ICA, or a combination thereof.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

Monomer polymerization process in fluidized bed.

Method of gas-phase polymerization in fluidized layer

FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of determination of stable working range of gaseous polymerization in fluidized layer and this process is carried out by condensation variant. Method involves observation for changes in volume density reactor of fluidized material that are associated with alternations of fluidized medium composition. Increase of cooling capability of recirculating flow by change of composition without level excess when decrease of fluidized material volume density becomes irreversible. Indices of safety process carrying out at weak failure risk at high output of reactor and/or elimination of limits of device output due to reactor output are found. EFFECT: improved method of process. 8 cl, 5 dwg, 4 tbl, 3 ex ДУбО0ОсСЬс ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) ВИ "” 2 120 947 ' (51) МПК 13) СЛ С 08 Е 2/34, 10/00, В 01 3 8/24 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 95122569/04, 26.04.1993 (46) Дата публикации: 27.10.1998 (56) Ссылки: 4$ 4588790А, 1986. Ц$ 4543399А, 1985. 4$ 493314ЭА, 1990. ЕР 024194/ГА, 1987. ЗИ 1473713 АЛ, 1989. 50 1650562 АЛ, 1991. (86) Заявка РСТ: 0$ 9303946 (26.04.93) (71) Заявитель: Эксон Кемикэл Пейтентс Инк. (1$) (72) Изобретатель: Марк Луис Дечеллис (ЦЗ), Джон Роберт Гриффин (1$) (73) Патентообладатель: Эксон Кемикэл Пейтентс Инк. (15) (54) СПОСОБ ГАЗОФАЗНОЙ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ В ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННОМ СЛОЕ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способу определения стабильного рабочего диапазона газовой полимеризации В псевдоожиженном слое, проводимому с помощью конденсационного варианта. При его осуществлении предусмотрены наблюдение за изменениями в реакторе объемной плотности псевдоожиженного материала, связанными с изменениями состава псевдоожижающей среды, и повышение охлаждающей способности рециркулирующего потока изменением состава без превышения уровня, при которой уменьшение объемной ПЛОТНОСТИ псевдоожиженного материала становится необратимым. ...

Fluidized bed polymerization

Fluidized bed reactor process for the polymerization of one or more olefin monomers, wherein the reactor comprises a reaction zone which is confined at the underside by a gas distribution plate and at the top side by a virtual end surface, in which, under operating conditions, a fluidized bed is maintained between the underside and the top side, which reactor is provided with a gas inlet which terminates in the reactor below the gas distribution in which the reaction zone is divided into two or more compartments by one or more substantially vertical partition walls extending from a point located above the gas distribution plate to a point located below the end surface.

在生产期间监测和控制聚烯烃产物的熔融指数的方法

生产聚烯烃聚合物的方法可使用预测性熔融指数回归估计生产期间的聚烯烃的熔融指数，其基于气相的组成，并且任选地基于反应器中的催化剂的浓度或反应器操作条件。此类预测性熔融指数回归可包括多个项以考虑所述反应器中的ICA的浓度、任选地所述反应器中的氢气的浓度、任选地所述反应器中的共聚单体的浓度、任选地催化剂组成和任选地反应器操作条件。一或多个项可独立地由并入时间常量的平滑函数表示。

Method for optimising the supply of catalyst slurry to a polymerization reactor

The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the supply of a catalyst slurry during a polymerization process for preparing a polyolefin in a polymerization reactor (1), whereby said slurry consists of solid catalyst particles suspended in a hydrocarbon diluent and is characterised by a ratio of solid catalyst particles/diluent, whereby the catalyst slurry is fed to the reactor through at least two parallel catalyst feeding conduits (4, 104) which are intermittently operative in the polymerisation process, said method comprising the steps of : - determining an effective initial ratio solid catalyst particles/diluent for the polymerization process; - determining the actual ratio solid catalyst particles/diluent in a first operative feeding conduit (4); - calculating the difference between actual and initial ratio and in the event that said difference is more than a specified threshold, shutting down the first catalyst feeding conduit (4) and activating a second catalyst feeding conduit (104). The catalyst slurry is periodically supplied to the reactor. The invention also relates to polyolefin production processes and polyolefin producing units.

Methods of changing polyolefin production conditions to mitigate small gels in a polyolefin article

The number of small gels that form in polyolefin thin films may be reduced by altering certain production parameters of the polyolefin. In some instances, the number of small gels may be influenced by the melt index of the polyolefin. However, in many instances, melt index is a critical part of the polyolefin product specification and, therefore, is not manipulated. Two parameters that may be manipulated to mitigate small gel count while maintaining the melt index are polyolefin residence time in the reactor and ICA concentration in the reactor.

Catalyst slurry feeding assembly for a polymerization reactor

A catalyst slurry for a polymerization reactor can be prepared in a mixing tank and the catalyst slurry fed to one or more storage tanks. The storage tanks can include agitators so that the catalyst slurry is maintained at an essentially homogeneous solids-to-liquid ratio. From the storage tank(s), the catalyst slurry can be pumped to the polymerization reactor along a fluid passage having a flow meter. The flow of the catalyst slurry can be continuous and/or adjusted based on a measured parameter. The catalyst slurry may be continuously and reliably fed to the polymerization reactor.

Catalyst slurry feeding assembly for a polymerization reactor

A catalyst slurry for a polymerization reactor can be prepared in a mixing tank and the catalyst slurry fed to one or more storage tanks. The storage tanks can include agitators so that the catalyst slurry is maintained at an essentially homogeneous solids-to-liquid ratio. From the storage tank(s), the catalyst slurry can be pumped to the polymerization reactor along a fluid passage having a flow meter. The flow of the catalyst slurry can be continuous and/or adjusted based on a measured parameter. The catalyst slurry may be continuously and reliability fed to the polymerization reactor.

Methods of monitoring a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system in a reactor feed stream using a turbidimeter

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream (12, 12a) in a polymer production system, such as a loop slurry process (100), comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream (12, 12a) with a turbidimeter (103), wherein the reactor feed stream (12, 12a) comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream (12, 12a) into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream (12, 12a). Another method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

Polymerization catalyst delivery

A process is described for introducing a catalyst into a polymerization zone by detecting one or a combination of (i) a change in a concentration of the catalyst in a catalyst feed stream upstream of the polymerization zone, (ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, and (iii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone, adjusting a first catalyst flow rate of the catalyst in the catalyst feed stream to a second catalyst flow rate based on the one or a combination of (i), (ii), and (iii), and introducing the catalyst into the polymerization zone downstream of a location in the catalyst feed stream where the step of adjusting is performed. A catalyst injection system for carrying out such a process is also provided.

Use of turbidimeter for measurement of solid catalyst system component in a reactor feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

Use of turbidimeter for measurement of solid catalyst system component in a reactor feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

Use of turbidimeter for measurement of solid catalyst system component in a reactor feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

Use of turbidimeter for measurement of solid catalyst system component in a reactor feed

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

聚合催化剂递送

本公开描述了一种通过以下将催化剂引入聚合区的工艺：检测以下中的一种或组合：(i)聚合区上游的催化剂进料流中催化剂浓度的变化，(ii)聚合区中单体浓度的变化，以及(iii)聚合区的聚合物生产速率的变化；基于(i)、(ii)和(iii)中的一种或其组合将催化剂进料流中催化剂的第一催化剂流动速率调节至第二催化剂流动速率；并将催化剂引入到处于催化剂进料流中进行调节步骤的位置下游的聚合区中。还提供了一种用于实施此类工艺的催化剂注入系统。

Polymerization catalyst delivery

A process is described for introducing a catalyst into a polymerization zone by detecting one or a combination of (i) a change in a concentration of the catalyst in a catalyst feed stream upstream of the polymerization zone, (ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, and (iii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone, adjusting a first catalyst flow rate of the catalyst in the catalyst feed stream to a second catalyst flow rate based on the one or a combination of (i), (ii), and (iii), and introducing the catalyst into the polymerization zone downstream of a location in the catalyst feed stream where the step of adjusting is performed. A catalyst injection system for carrying out such a process is also provided.

聚合催化剂递送

本公开描述了一种通过以下将催化剂引入聚合区的工艺：检测以下中的一种或组合：(i)聚合区上游的催化剂进料流中催化剂浓度的变化，(ii)聚合区中单体浓度的变化，以及(iii)聚合区的聚合物生产速率的变化；基于(i)、(ii)和(iii)中的一种或其组合将催化剂进料流中催化剂的第一催化剂流动速率调节至第二催化剂流动速率；并将催化剂引入到处于催化剂进料流中进行调节步骤的位置下游的聚合区中。还提供了一种用于实施此类工艺的催化剂注入系统。

Polymerization catalyst delivery

A catalyst injection system is described for carrying out a process for introducing a catalyst into a polymerization zone by detecting one or a combination of (i) a change in a concentration of the catalyst in a catalyst feed stream upstream of the polymerization zone, (ii) a change in a concentration of monomer in the polymerization zone, and (iii) a change in a polymer production rate of the polymerization zone, adjusting a first catalyst flow rate of the catalyst in the catalyst feed stream to a second catalyst flow rate based on the one or a combination of (i), (ii), and (iii), and introducing the catalyst into the polymerization zone downstream of a location in the catalyst feed stream where the step of adjusting is performed.

Reaction process control

A reaction process constraint override control method for optimizing production rates, the method includes automatically and continuously controlling catalyst feed rate to a reactor to control a reaction in response to available heat transfer and at least one additional process constraint. A reaction process constraint override control system for optimizing production rates, the system includes a reactor, a catalyst feeder that is structured to feed catalyst to the reactor, a heat transfer apparatus that is structured to transfer heat associated with the reactor, a heat transfer availability sensor that is structured to determine available heat transfer in the heat transfer apparatus, and at least one controller that is structure to automatically and continuously control the catalyst feeder in response to available heat transfer and at least one additional process constraint.

Fluidised bed polymerisation

Fluidised bed reactor process for the polymerisation of one or more olefin monomers, wherein the reactor comprises a reaction zone (4) which is confined at the underside by a gas distribution plate (2) and at the top side by a virtual end surface, in which, under operating conditions, a fluidised bed is maintained between the underside and the top side, which reactor is provided with a gas inlet (3) which terminates in the reactor below the gas distribution (2) in which the reaction zone is divided into two or more compartments by one or more substantially vertical partition walls (6) extending from a point located above the gas distribution plate (2) to a point located below the end surface.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention is directed toward polymerizing alpha-olefins either alone or in combination with one or more other alpha-olefins utilizing a bulky ligand transition metal catalyst in a gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention is directed toward polymerizing alpha-olefins either alone or in combination with one or more other alpha-olefins utilizing a bulky ligand transition metal catalyst in a gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The present invention relates to a gas fluidized bed polymerization process comprising passing a gaseous stream comprising olefin-type monomer through a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a catalyst under reactive conditions to produce polymeric product and a stream comprising unreacted monomer gases, compressing and cooling said stream, mixing said stream with feed components and returning a gas and liquid phase to said reactor. The process further comprises cooling said stream such that the liquid phase is greater than 15 % by weight of the total weight of the returned stream and the stream composition is such that the ratio of fluidized bulk density to settled bulk density is over 0.59.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention relates to methods for determining stable operating zones for gas fluidized bed polymerization and to a process for gas phase polymerization. In particular, a method of determining a stable operating zone of a gas fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode which comprises observing fluidized bulk density changes in the reactor associated with changes in the composition of the fluidizing medium; and increasing the cooling capacity of the recycle stream by changing the composition without exceeding the level at which a reduction in the fluidized bulk density becomes irreversible.

A method for determining stable operating conditions for fluidized bed polymerization.

Process for polymerizing monomers in fludized beds

본 발명은 기체 유동상 중합공정에서 안정한 작동 구역을 결정하는 방법 및 기상 중합법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 유동화 매질의 조성 변화에 수반되는 반응기 내의 유동화된 벌크 밀도 변화를 관측하고; 또한 유동화된 벌크 밀도의 감소가 비가역적으로 되는 수준을 초과하지 않으면서 조성을 변화시켜 재순환 스트림을 냉각 용량을 증가시키는 것을 포함하는, 응축 모드로 작동되는 기체 유동상 중합 반응기의 안정한 작동 구역을 결정하는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for determining a stable operating zone in a gas fluidized bed polymerization process and a gas phase polymerization method. In particular, observe the fluidized bulk density change in the reactor accompanied by the change in composition of the fluidization medium; It is also possible to determine a stable operating zone of a gas fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensation mode, which includes increasing the cooling capacity of the recycle stream by changing the composition without reducing the fluidized bulk density beyond the irreversible level. It is about a method.

在流化床中使单体聚合的方法

本发明涉及使用大配体过渡金属催化剂，在按冷凝方式操作的气相流化床聚合反应器中使α－烯烃或α－烯烃与一种或多种其他α－烯烃聚合。

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

The invention relates to methods for determining stable operating zones for gas fluidized bed polymerization and to a process for gas phase polymerization. In particular, a method of determining a stable operating zone of a gas fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode which comprises observing fluidized bulk density changes in the reactor associated with changes in the composition of the fluidizing medium; and increasing the cooling capacity of the recycle stream by changing the composition without exceeding the level at which a reduction in the fluidized bulk density becomes irreversible.

METHOD FOR POLYMERIZING MONOMERS IN FLOOR BEDS

Menetelmä monomeerien polymeroimiseksi liejukerroksissa

Fremgangsmate ved polymerisasjon i fluidisert sjikt

Processo para a polimerizacao de monomeros em leitos fluidos

The process of polymerizing MONOMERS in the layers of matter

الملخص: هذا الاختراع موجه نحو بلمرة أو بلمرة مشتركة لمركبات ألفا-أولفين alpha-olefins لوحدها أو في توليفة مع مركبات ألفا-أولفين alpha-olefins أخرى بوجود حفاز متالوسيني metallocene في مفاعل غازي الطور يشتمل على طبقة مسالة ووسط إسالة fluidizing بحيث يشتمل وسط الإسالة الداخل إلى المفاعل طورا غازيا وطورا سائلا.، Abstract: This invention is directed towards the polymerization or co-polymerization of alpha-olefins alone or in combination with other alpha-olefins in the presence of a metallocene catalyst in a gas phase reactor comprising a liquefied layer and a fluidizing medium comprising the inlet liquefaction medium. To the reactor a gas phase and a liquid phase.

Method for Polymerizing Monomers in Fluidized Beds

본 발명은 응축된 방식으로 작동하는 유동층 반응기중에서, 단량체를 부피가 큰 리간드 전이 금속 화합물을 사용하여 알파-올레핀을 단독으로 중합시키거나 하나 이상의 알파-올레핀과 조합하여 중합시키는 방법에 관한 것이다. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for polymerizing an alpha-olefin alone or in combination with one or more alpha-olefins in a fluidized bed reactor operating in a condensed manner using bulky ligand transition metal compounds.

Processo para polimerizacao de monomeros em leito fluidizado.

Process for increasing reactor productivity in polymer production in a fluid bed reactor

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized bed

유동층중에서 단량체를 중합시키기 위한 방법(process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds)

본 발명은 응축된 방식으로 작동하는 유동층 반응기중에서, 단량체를 부피가 큰 리간드 전이 금속 화합물을 사용하여 알파-올레핀을 단독으로 중합시키거나 하나 이상의 알파-올레핀과 조합하여 중합시키는 방법에 관한 것이다.

Fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av monomerer i fluidiserte sjikt

Method for polymerizing monomers in sludge layers

Process for Polymerizing Monomers in Fluidized Beds

The invention relates to methods for determining stable operating zones for gas fluidized bed polymerization and to a process for gas phase polymerization. In particular, a method of determining a stable operating zone of a gas fluidized bed polymerization reactor operating in condensed mode which comprises observing fluidized bulk density changes in the reactor associated with changes in the composition of the fluidizing medium; and increasing the cooling capacity of the recycle stream by changing the composition without exceeding the level at which a reduction in the fluidized bulk density becomes irreversible.

유동상에서 단량체를 중합시키는 방법(process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds)

본 발명은 기체 유동상 중합공정에서 안정한 작동 구역을 결정하는 방법 및 기상 중합법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 유동화 매질의 조성 변화에 수반되는 반응기 내의 유동화된 벌크 밀도 변화를 관측하고; 또한 유동화된 벌크 밀도의 감소가 비가역적으로 되는 수준을 초과하지 않으면서 조성을 변화시켜 재순환 스트림을 냉각 용량을 중가시카는 것을 포함하는, 응축 모드로 작동되는 기체 유동상 중합 반응기의 안정한 작동 구역을 결정하는 방법에 관한 것이다.

Fremgangsmåte for ökning av reaktorproduktiviteten ved polymerproduksjon ien fluidisertsjiktreaktor

Verfahren zur polymerisation von monomeren in fliessbetten

METHOD FOR POLYMERIZING MONOMERS IN FLUID BEDS

Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds

유동층 중합방법

본 발명은 하나 이상의 올레핀 단량체의 중합화하는 유체층 반응기에 관한 것으로서, 상기 반응기는 하면에 기체 분배판(2)으로 한정되고, 상부면에는 가상 말단면으로 한정되는 반응영역(4)을 포함하고, 작업조건하에서 상기 유체층은 하면과 상부면사이에 위치하며, 상기 반응기에서 기체 분배판(2) 아래에서 종결되는 기체 유입구(3)를 구비하며, 상기 반응영역은 기체 분배판(2)위에 위치한 지점에서 말단면 아래에 위치하는 지점으로 연결된 하나 이상의 실질적으로 수직인 칸막이벽에 의해서 두개 이상의 구역으로 나누어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.

Method of controlling gas flow rate in gas phase polymerization apparatus and gas phase polymerization apparatus

Fluidised bed reactor.