УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКЦИЙ, ТРЕБУЮЩИХ ПО КРАЙНЕЙ МЕРЕ ДЛЯ ЗАПУСКА ПОДВОДА ТЕПЛА

FIELD: methods of performing chemical reactions. SUBSTANCE: device includes axially elongated reactor 1 having square or rectangular section; at one end, reactor has at least one unit loading at least one reagent and at opposite end, it has at least one unit for removal of effluents. Reactor has many heat exchange device 3 is first zone (on side of first end) which are practically parallel relative to one another and are arranged in practically parallel layers which are perpendicular relative to reactor axis forming clearances or passages between these devices and/or layers formed by them for circulation of reagent or reagents and/or effluents. Heat exchanger devices 3 are adaptable for heat exchange in passages due to successive transversal sections which are independent and practically perpendicular to reactor axis. At least several heat exchange devices 3 include tube formed by at least one envelope which is loaded with gas or gaseous mixture for heat exchange and provided with at least one device for removal of gas or gaseous mixture subjected to heat exchange with reagent or reagents and/or effluents circulating on the outside of heat exchange device 3. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 16 cl, 4 dwg 6594$ гс ПЧ ГЭ РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) ВИ "” 2 137 539. 13) СЛ 5 МК В 04 4 19/24, С 07 С 2/76 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 95101388/25, 01.02.1995 (30) Приоритет: 02.02.94 (30) Приоритет: 02.02.1994 ЕК 9401243 (46) Дата публикации: 20.09.1999 (56) Ссылки: ЕР 0539270 А, 15.10.92. ЕР 0289391 АЛ, 02.11.88. ЕР 0323281 АД, 05.07.89. 4$ ДЭТЗУГГА, . 21.11.90. ЗЧ 1806003 АЗ, 30.03.93. $4 1821237 А, 15.06.93. $0 1012968 А, 23.04.83. (98) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул.Ильинка 5/2, Союзпатент, Томской Е.В. (71) Заявитель: Энститю Франсэ дю Петроль (ЕК), Газ де Франс (ЕК) (72) Изобретатель: Кристиан Бюссон (ЕК), Анри Дельом (ЕК), Лор Голлион (ЕК), Жан Пьер Кассань (ЕК) (73) Патентообладатель: ...

Способ получения капролактама

Process for the preparation of omega -lactams (in particular caprolactam) with improved yields, by reaction of cycloaliphatic derivatives having the general formula: <IMAGE> wherein n=3-13 with nitrosating agents in the presence of dehydrating agents, characterized by the fact that the reaction is carried out a low temperature which is constant between stages, and in all the zones of a stage and with particular concentrations of the dehydrating agent.

ÜBERKRITISCHE MIZELLENTRENNUNG IN DER FLÜSSIG-UMKEHRPHASE.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYOLEFINEN IN EINEM AUTOCLAVREAKTOR

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG EINES WÄSSRIGEN MEDIUMS

KOMBINIERFAEHIGER KASKADEN-REAKTIONSBEHAELTER FUER DEN WECHSELWEISEN EINSATZ ALS OFFENER ODER GESCHLOSSENER BEHAELTER BEI MEHRSTUFIGEN, KONTINUIERLICH, GEGEBENENFALLS STARK EXOTHERM ABLAUFENDEN CHEMISCHEN UMSETZUNGEN

ADSORBENT SYSTEM FOR SUBSTITUTION OF THE WATER GAUGE IN A POLYESTER PROCEDURE

VORRICHTUNG ZUM VERARBEITEN VON FLIESSFAEHIGEN MEDIEN, INSBESONDERE ZUR FERMENTATION VON MIKROORGANISMEN

REACTION OF CARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN WITH METAL-ORGANIC REAGENTS

KONTINUERLICHES CATALYTIC SOLID/CGAS REACTION PROCEDURE IN NOT KONVENTIONNELLEM ENVIRONMENT, YOUR REACTOR AS WELL AS USE DESSEM

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING FLUID MEDIA, IN PARTICULAR TO THE FERMENTATION OF MICROORGANISMS

SUPERCRITICAL ONE MIZELLENTRENNUNG IN THE LIQUID REVERSAL PHASE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MINIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTIVE ONES OF OTHER IMPURITIES.

SYNTHESIS PROCEDURE FOR SOLID ZIEGLERKATALYSATOREN OR FOR CELEBRATIONS CONNECTIONS OF SUCH CATALYSTS OF MEANS OF ONLY ONE TILTABLE ONE, POLYFUNKTIONALEN OF REACTOR AND A MAGNET-PROPELLED ROTATION AGITATOR TO THE USE WITHIN SUCH A REACTOR.

MULTI-STEP PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE IMPURITY CONTENT IN AN EXHAUST GAS STREAM.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF REACTION PRODUCTS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN EXHAUST GASES.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE STEERED REACTION IN A REACTION MATRIX

PROCEDURE FOR CONTROLLING A BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION HEATING CHEMICAL REACTION

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PHASESEPARATE SYNTHESIS

PROCEDURE FOR SUPERVISING AND CONTROLLING A BY MICROWAVES HEATING OF CHEMICAL PROCESS

INSTRUMENT FOR MICROWAVE-SUPPORTED CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS MISTAKE WITH STATIONARY VOTE

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE FROM ETHANE

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ETHYLENE POLYMERISATION REACTOR

Gaseous fuel CPOX reformers and methods of CPOX reforming

A gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen- rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of a CPOX reaction zone of a CPOX reactor unit can include a hydrogen barrier. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters, and a source of gaseous reformable fuel.

Method and apparatus for controlled reaction in a reaction matrix

MULTI-STAGE PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AN EFFLUENT USING AN AMMONIUM SALT

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FATTY ACID ESTERS AND FUELS COMPRISING FATTY ACID ESTER

A process for producing a fatty acid ester with a high yield from an oil or fat and an alcohol which comprises reacting an oil or fat with an alcohol in the presence of a solid base catalyst under conditions in which at least one of the oil or fat and the alcohol is in a supercritical state at a temperature exceeding 260.degree.C.

CONTROLLED VOLUME VESSEL FROM MICROWAVE ASSISTED CHEMICAL PROCESSES

A system for carrying out microwave assisted chemical reactions is disclosed. The system includes a source of microwave radiation (11); a cavity (12) in communication with the source (11), an attenuator (13) in communication with the cavity (12) for providing access to the cavity while preventing microwaves from escaping through the attenuator (13), and a vessel (16) positioned in the cavity (12) and the attenuator (13) and extending externally of the attenuator for holding materials in the cavity while microwaves from the source are applied thereto. The vessel (16) includes a reaction chamber (23) and a venting portion (22). The chamber (23) portion is positioned entirely within the cavity (12), and the venting portion (22) extends from the cavity (12) and through the attenuator (13) and externally of the attenuator and has a gas passage (24) for permitting gases to flow to or from the reaction portion from gas sources external to the cavity, the attenuator, and the vessel.

MULTI-STAGE PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AN EFFLUENT USING AN AMMONIUM SALT

MULTI STAGE PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AN EFFLUENT USING AN AMMONIUM SALT A process is presented for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel. The process comprises injecting a first treatment agent into the effluent at a first temperature zone and injecting a second treatment agent into the effluent at a second temperature zone, wherein the first and second treatment agents are injected under conditions effective to reduce the effluent pollution index. At least one of the treatment agents comprises an ammonium salt of an organic: acid having a carbon to nitrogen ratio of greater than 1:1.

PROCESS FOR NITROGEN OXIDES REDUCTION AND MINIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER POLLUTANTS

PROCESS FOR NITROGEN OXIDES REDUCTION AND MINIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER POLLUTANTS A process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in an effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel while minimizing the production of other pollutants is presented. The process comprises introducing (most commonly by injecting) a nitrogen oxides reducing treatment agent into an effluent according to a nitrogen oxides reducing treatment regimen under conditions such that the treatment agent is operating on the high temperature or right side of its nitrogen oxides reduction versus effluent temperature curve, especially on the high temperature or right side of the curve plateau.

ADSORBER SYSTEM TO REPLACE WATER COLUMN IN A POLYESTER PROCESS

The present invention provides a process for recovering a dihydroxy compound from a fluid stream that results from the preparation of a polyester by use of an adsorption system to selectively recover the dihydroxy compound.

LOW COST POLYESTER PROCESS USING A PIPE REACTOR

The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions. The pipe reactor processes and apparatus of the present invention are built and operated at a much lower cost than conventional polyester processes.

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH MANIFOLD FOR MANAGEMENT OF A FLOW OF GASEOUS REACTION MEDIUM THERETO

A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

SYNTHESIS PROCESS FOR ZIEGLER CATALYTIC SOLIDS OR SOLID COMPONENTS FROM SUCH CATALYTIC SOLIDS CARRIED OUT INSIDE OF A MULTI PURPOSE PIVOTING REACTOR, AND ENTRAINING STIRRING ROD USABLE IN SUCH A REACTOR, AMONG OTHER

Procédé de synthèse de solides catalytiques de type Ziegler ou de composantes solides de tels solides catalytiques en opérant dans un réacteur pivotant polyfonctionnel unique, et agitateur à entraînement magnétique utilisable, entre autres, dans un tel réacteur. Procédé de synthèse de solides catalytiques de type Ziegler ou de composantes solides de métal de transition de tels solides catalytiques, dans lequel on prépare une suspension de ces solides ou composantes dans un milieu liquide inerte, puis on filtre, lave et sèche la suspension pour aboutir à un produit pulvérulent constituant ledit solide catalytique ou ladite composante. On opère dans un réacteur pivotant polyfonctionnel unique, qui comporte un espace (7) de réaction et un espace (6) de filtration, lesdits espaces étant agencés de telle sorte que l'on passe de l'un à l'autre par pivotement de 180.degree. du réacteur. La suspension est produite dans l'espace de réaction, lorsque celui-ci est en position d'espace inférieur, tandis ...

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR OXIDIZING A HYDROCARBON TO FORM AN ACID

Methods and devices for controlling the reaction of a hydrocarbon to an acid by making phase-related adjustments are disclosed. In order to improve reaction rate and reactivity of the oxidation, a single phase at the operating temperature is attained and maintained by adjusting one or more of gaseous oxidant flow rate, pressure in the reaction zone, temperature in the reaction zone, feed rate of hydrocarbon, feed rate of solvent, feed rate of water if water is being fed, feed rate of the catalyst and other parameters. Methods and devices are also disclosed, wherein a hydrocarbon is reacted at a steady state with a gaseous oxidant to form an acid in a liquid mixture. The amount of water is maintained between a maximum level of water, over which maximum level the substantially single liquid phase is transformed to two liquid phases, and a minimum level under which catalyst precipitates. Further, methods are disclosed, wherein the temperature of the mixture is lowered to a point at which solid ...

Zylinder an doppeltwirkenden vertikalen Zweitaktdieselmaschinen mit Schlitzspülung und geteilter Laufbüchse.

Rohrofen für die Durchführung von Gasreaktionen in keramischen Rohren

Zick-Zack-Nähmaschine mit Zierstich-Automatik

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Umesterung von Dicarbonsäurealkylestern mit Diolen, insbesondere zur Umesterung von Dimethylterephthalat mit Äthylenglykol, und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung von chemischen Reaktionen in viskosen Flüssigkeiten

Verfahren zur Durchführung katalytischer Gasreaktionen

Procédé de préparation du diuranate d'ammonium et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé

Procédé d'oxydation d'hydrocarbures

Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un corps et sa purification par sublimation

Procédé de préparation de dihalogénures d'oléfines normalement gazeuses et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR ANALYSE UND REGELUNG BIOCHEMISCHER PROZESSE.

Combinable cascade reaction vessel for optional use as an open or closed vessel for multi-step chemical reactions proceeding continuously

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING FROM FLOWING DUENNFLUESSIGEN TO VERY VISCOUS MEDIA, IN PARTICULAR FOR A FERMENTATION OF MICROORGANISMS.

DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF METHANE AND METHOD, USING SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

Electrochemical reactor cell for reacting oxygen-consuming gas with oxygen-containing gas

Method and apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanostructure, and carbon nanostructure assembly

There is provided a method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure with reduced occurrence of a bend and the like. The method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure according to the present invention includes the steps of: preparing a base body formed of a catalyst member including a catalyst and a separation member that are in contact with or integral with each other (preparation step); oxidizing at least a part of a contact portion or integral portion of the catalyst member and the separation member (oxidation step); bringing a carbon-containing source gas into contact with the catalyst member and/or the separation member (CNT growth step); and growing a carbon nanostructure (CNT growth step). In the CNT growth step, the carbon nanostructure is grown in a separation interface region between the catalyst member and the separation member, by heating the base body while separating the separation member from the catalyst member.

INSTALLATION OF BATCH PROCESSING HAS USES MULTIPLE OF LOW CAPACITY.

Improvements brought to the processes for the implementation of catalytic reactions between gas

Tetra-allyl-oxy-ethane prodn - by acetylisation of glyoxal with allyl alcohol in acid medium with azeotropic removal of water

Plasma chemical arc reactor esp. for olefin and hydrogen prodn. - has revolving arc to generate reaction uniformly across gas stream

Laboratory appts. for studying steam cracking - with inductively heated helical tube reactor, has turbulent flow, reducing wall effects

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROL OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES

Automatic control of chemical reactions - particularly continuous high pressure polymerisation of ethylene

PROCESS OF TREATMENT OF WASTE PER ADDITION Of a QUANTITY Of AT LEAST a REACTIFALCALIN AND DEVICE FOR SA IMPLEMENTED

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR HANDLING HOT GASES

Installation for the discontinuous production of polyethylene terephthalate

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CATALYST SOLIDS ZIEGLER OR SOLID COMPONENTS OF SUCH SOLIDS CATALYTIC REACTOR OPERATING IN A SINGLE PIVOTING POLYFUNCTIONAL.

CONTROL OF EMULSION POLYMERSIATION PROCESS

기체 연료 촉매 부분산화 개질 장치 및 촉매 부분산화 개질 방법

... 본 발명의 기체 연료 촉매 부분 산화(CPOX) 개질장치는 복수의 또는 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들의 어레이를 포함할 수 있다. 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하며, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고, CPOX 촉매가 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 섹션에 배치되거나 그 구조를 포함하여 구성된다. 상기 촉매-포함 벽 구조 및 이에 의해 둘러싸인 개구형 기체 플로우 통로는 기상 CPOX 반응구역을 구획하고, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응 혼합물을 그 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소-풍부 리포메이트를 그 외부로 확산하는 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. CPOX 반응기 유닛의 CPOX 반응구역의 적어도 외부 표면은 수소 배리어를 포함할 수 있다. 상기 기체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 하나 이상의 점화기와, 기체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다.

Reaction it is few in the commencement at the time of heating embodiment chemical reaction requiring device for

ADSORBER SYSTEM TO REPLACE WATER COLUMN IN A POLYESTER PROCESS

vaso de conversão térmica usado em um processo para amidificação de acetona cianidrina

REATOR TUBULAR,METODO DE UTILIZACAO DE UM REATOR TUBULAR,E PROCESSO PARA A REALIZACAO CONTINUA DE UMA REACAO HETEROGENEA

METHANE CONVERSION APPARATUS AND PROCESS USING A SUPERSONIC FLOW REACTOR

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ULTRASONIC TREATMENT OF A LIQUID

The present invention is an apparatus (100) and method for ultrasonically treating a liquid to generate a product. The apparatus is capable of treating a continuously-flowing, or intermittently-flowing, liquid along a line segment (106) coincident with the flow path (100) of the liquid. The apparatus (100) has one or more ultrasonic transducers (104) positioned asymmetrically about the line segment (106). The ultrasonic field encompasses the line segment (106) and the ultrasonic energy may be concentrated along the line segment (106). Lysing treatments have been successfully achieved with efficiencies of greater than 99 % using ultrasound at MHz frequencies without erosion or heating problems and without the need for chemical or mechanical pretreatment, or contrast agents. The present invention overcomes drawbacks of current ultrasonic treatments beyond lysing and opens up new sonochemical and sonophysical processing opportunities.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE FROM ETHANE

An apparatus and system for the dehydrogenation of ethane to produce ethylene and hydrogen through the use of a catalytic ceramic membrane, which is materially more permeable to hydrogen and less permeable to ethane and ethylene, the catalytic ceramic membrane being in a cylindrical form which has been treated to have a metallic catalyst or suitable metal, deposited on the surface adjacent to the reaction zone. The catalytic ceramic membrane tube (39) is enclosed within an alloy tube (40) of suitable composition to permit heating to the temperature range of 300° to 650 °C. The annulus (41) surrounding the ceramic membrane tube may be filled with a pelleted catalyst (62), thus causing the dehydrogenation reaction to take place within this annular zone, but which will be accelerated by the permeation of hydrogen out of the zone through the ceramic catalytic membrane. The reactor is connected to a recovery system which permits separation of pure ethylene and unconverted ethane, and an additional ...

Polyester process using a pipe reactor

The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions.

Metallized graphite heater for a high-pressure high-temperature reaction vessel

This invention presents a high-pressure high-temperature reaction vessel having a metallized graphite heater for improved performance. The metallized heater consists of a graphite tube comprising a refractory metal. Metallization of the graphite heater is accomplished either by coating the graphite tube with a refractory metal, by intermixing a refractory metal in the graphite, or by positioning a refractory metal sheet or cylinder adjacent the graphite heater. The refractory metal constrains the graphite heater, adds toughness to the heater, shields the heater from outside contamination, and provides an electrical contact for a thermocouple.

Reaction chamber with controlled radiant energy heating and distributed reactant flow

A reaction chamber for a controlled reaction on a reaction surface of a sample provides for controlled distribution of radiant energy over the reaction surface to offset radiant heat loss of the sample, and establishes uniform distribution of reactant flow on the sample. A lamp housing supplies radiant energy over the sample, which absorbs at least a component of the radiant energy. A support member which supports the sample within the reaction chamber is formed of a material which is essentially transparent to the radiant energy so that it does not behave as a susceptor. An array of lamps, is mounted with the reaction chamber so that direct radiant energy is transmitted through a window to the reaction surface of the sample. A reflecting surface on the housing includes a lamp seat for each lamp in the array with an individually specified position, curvature and tilt with respect to the reaction surface. A source of reactant gas is coupled through a gas port to the reaction chamber between ...

Continuous polymerization process in emulsion

An improved process for the continuous polymerization, in aqueous emulsion, of vinyl and/or vinylidene monomers is provided, the improvement comprising carrying out the polymerization in a series of reactors arranged in cascade and feeding the reaction mixture from the reactor at the lowest level to the reactor at the highest level.

Methods of Polyolefin Solids Recovery

Methods for separating gaseous components, such as unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent, from polyolefin solids are provided. The methods include flowing a first stream including polyolefin solids and gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent through a portion of a gas-solid separation vessel having a volume sufficient so that polyolefin solids present in the first stream have an increased residence time within the gas-solid separation vessel to separate gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent from the polyolefin solids to produce a second stream including polyolefin solids substantially free of gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent and a third stream including the gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent. Systems for carrying out such methods are also provided.

SATELLITE-SHAPED FLEXIBLE PLASMA GENERATOR

A linear flexible plasma generator having a function of cooling and temperature control. More efficient power control is possible, since a temperature of an electrode itself can be controlled in a state when plasma is discharged. In addition, since a temperature of the electrode surface can be decreased, use for the purposes of sterilization, neutralization, treatment, beauty treatment, and so on is possible.

REACTION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENTS

GAS GENERATION SYSTEM

A gas generator system is provided wherein supply sources (1, 2) for halogenated gases, including pure molecular halogens, are connected into a gas reaction chamber (3), or chamber system, to enable generation of a predetermined gas for localised use in a subsequent process. The reaction chamber has a valved outlet (C) for direct supply of the generated gas to a single or multiple chamber processing tool or process chamber (4). Thus it is possible, for example, to provide for the localised generation of reactive process gases.

UV APPARATUS FOR FLUID TREATMENT

A water sterilisation system comprises an electrostatic water treatment apparatus (10) having its outer duct (13) connected to an ultraviolet treatment apparatus (11). The outlet duct (14) of the ultraviolet water treatment apparatus (11) is connected to an apparatus (12) which aerates the treated water with ozone gas. The electrostatic field of the apparatus (10) varies along the axis of the flow duct, so as to increase the speed at which dissolved minerals precipitate out of solution. The ultraviolet treatment apparatus (11) has a slotted helical guide vane, which creates a turbulent flow of water and ensures that large clumps of microorganisms are broken up. The ozone gas is generated in an apparatus (15) by exposing water vapour and air to shortwave UV radiation.

Reactor apparatus for preparing a polymeric material

A polycondensation reactor (20) for processing low viscosity polyester or another polymer into relatively highly viscosity polymer comprises a substantially cylindrical horizontal reactor vessel (22) with a polymer inlet (36) and a polymer outlet (40) adjacent its opposite ends and a vapor exhaust opening (44) in the upper side of the vessel at its outlet end. A polymer agitator (32) is rotated axially within the chamber and includes plural alternating annular overflow (56,256) and underflow baffles (58,258) and multiple perforated film-forming screens (60,560,660) disposed therebetween in parallel spaced relation to one another. The overflow baffles are in peripheral polymer-sealing relation to the vessel while the underflow baffles have multiple underflow recesses (82) in their outer peripheries, whereby the baffles define a tortuous polymer flow path alternately through their respective polymer overflow and underflow openings to control residence time, distribution and viscosity growth ...

WASTE TREATMENT BY ADDING AT LEAST AN ALKALINE REAGENT

The invention concerns a method for treating waste (D) by adding an amount of at least an alkaline reagent (R) comprising steps which consist in: continuously supplying the waste to be treated into a mixer (1); continuously adding to the treated waste a measured amount of at least an alkaline reagent; closely and continuously mixing for a specific time interval the waste and the alkaline reagent; and simultaneously transporting the resulting mixture through the mixer; then extracting said mixture from the mixer. The invention is characterised in that during the mixing step, the waste and the alkaline reagent are successively mixed at a first speed (V1), during a first retention time (t1), and at a second speed (V2) not greater then the first speed (V1), during a second retention time (12) longer than the time (t1).

REACTOR APPARATUS AND TREATMENT FOR FLUID MATERIAL

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactor apparatus and a method for treating fluid material in which temperature is measured in the representative conditions in the tubular reactors. SOLUTION: The reactor apparatus comprises both a tubular reactor equipped with a temperature measuring unit and a tubular reactor unequipped with the temperature measuring unit. The tubular reactors are set up so that the mass of solid particles to be introduced is directly proportional to the free cross-sectional area of the respective tubular reactors and flow resistance or pressure drop in the tubular reactors, and accordingly average rectilinear velocity are identical when gas flow rate being proportional to the free cross-sectional area is conducted. Concretely, the above- mentioned pressure drop is adjusted by fines fraction of the solid particles in accordance with the following formula. mfines=mtot(Pm-PI)/(P2-P1) (in formula, mfines denotes mass of fines fraction. mtot denotes total mass of solid ...

СПОСОБ ВВЕДЕНИЯ КОМПОНЕНТА ПРОЦЕССА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНОГО ПОЛИЭФИРА В РЕАКЦИОННУЮ СМЕСЬ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к способам промышленного получения сложных полиэфиров с использованием контура рециркуляции. Техническая задача: разработка компактного и экономически эффективного способа введения твердых реагентов-предшественников сложных полиэфиров в реакционную смесь. Предложен способ введения компонента в текучую среду реакции и/или текучую среду процесса, включающий стадии: (а) создания контура рециркуляции, содержащего втекающий поток и вытекающий поток, где втекающий поток сообщается через текучую среду с текучей средой реакции; (b) рециркуляции, по меньшей мере, части текучей среды реакции со стадии (a) через контур рециркуляции, где текучая среда реакции, протекающая через контур рециркуляции, представляет собой рециркуляционную текучую среду; (с) уменьшения давления рециркуляционной текучей среды со стадии (b) при помощи, по меньшей мере, одного устройства для уменьшения давления, по меньшей мере, в одной точке контура рециркуляции; и (d) подачи компонента в контур рециркуляции ...

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ НЕПОСРЕДСТВЕННОГО ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ГЕКСАФТОРИДА УРАНА В ОКСИД УРАНА

Изобретение относится к способам превращения гексафторида урана в оксид и устройствам для осуществления способа. В реактор (12), снабженный средствами подвода UF6, водяного пара и азота, выполненными в виде инжектора с тремя концентричными соплами, падают реагенты. Полученный порошок UOF2 пропускают в корпус (68) трубчатой печи, снабженной средствами нагревания (82), корпус помещен в теплоизолирующую конструкцию (70). Противотоком подают водяной пар и водород. Регулируют количество тепла, обеспечивая по ходу движения порошка по меньшей мере пять зон температуры. Температура газов во входной зоне 570-700o. Рост температуры до максимального значения 730-800o в третьей зоне или за ней. Постепенный спад температуры до последней зоны, в которой температура достаточна для восстановления высших оксидов до UO2. Результат изобретения: получение продукта постоянного состава и высокого качества. 2 с. и 4 з.п.ф-лы, 8 ил.

VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN VON CYANSÄUREESTERHARZEN MIT UNGEWÖHNLICHER ZUSAMMENSETZUNG

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DIREKTEN UMSETZUNG VON URANHEXAFLUORID IN URANOXID

Reaktorvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Polymeren

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls verschaeumten Polyurethanen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonester Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonester

Verfahren zur Herstellung von fluessigen Phenolaldehyd-kondensationsprodukten

Reactor system

An apparatus comprising at least one reactor 13, at least one linear piston pump arranged to inject a feedstock into the reactor, a beam or plate 2 and a linear actuator for moving the beam wherein the linear piston pump which comprises a tube 15, a piston and an arm coupled to the piston, and the beam is coupled to the arm and configured to linearly drive the piston. The apparatus may include multiple reactors and piston pumps. The piston pumps or syringe pumps may have a volume of between 500ml and 1l. The reactor may include a heating jacket 26, product gas collection port and mixing paddle 16. The linear actuator may comprise a rotary motor and device for converting rotary motion into linear motion. The feedstock may be wastewater such as sewage or food waste.

Cracker apparatus and components having inert contact-surfaces

Components for a cracker apparatus are provided wherein the surface(s) that will contact the gaseous crackable substance(s) are suitably inert. These surfaces may at least partly comprise quartz, pyrolytic boron nitride, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and graphite. The cracker apparatus is suitable for dissociating substances such as arsenic, sulphur and phosphorus (especially P4 into P2 or a mixture of P2 and P1) and comprises: a feedstock vessel (1) for providing gaseous crackable substances); dispenser means (5) for receiving said gaseous crackable substance(s) from said feedstock vessel; and cracker means (30) for receiving dispensed gaseous crackable substances from said dispenser means. ...

Reactor system

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF URANIUM TETRAFLUORIDE

POLYMERISATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS

The present invention relates to a polymerisation device for the production of melts of thermoplastic polymers in which the heat of the discharged product can be recovered and used for preheating of the usable raw materials. In addition, the present invention relates to a corresponding method for the production of thermoplastic polymers. 1. A polymerisation device , comprisinga) at least one polymerisation reactor of a one- or multistep configuration,b) at least one mixing container connected in front of the at least one polymerisation reactor, andc) at least one pipeline which connects an outlet of the at least one mixing container to an inlet of the at least one polymerisation reactor,wherein the at least one polymerisation reactor the at least one mixing container and the at least one pipeline respectively comprise at least one heat exchanger element, the at least one heat exchanger element of the at least one polymerisation reactor, the at least one heat exchanger element of the pipeline and the at least one heat exchanger element of the mixing container being able to be flowed through by a heat exchanger fluid and being connected in series.2. The polymerisation device according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger element of the pipeline is produced by a double-walled pipe construction of the pipeline.3. The polymerisation device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing container has a jacket which represents the heat exchanger element.4. The polymerisation device according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger fluid is guided in a circulation claim 1 , by the heat exchanger element of the mixing container being connected via a pipeline to the heat exchanger element of the polymerisation reactor.5. The polymerisation device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing container has at least one inlet which is supplied by a pipeline which has at least one heat exchanger element.6. The polymerisation device according to claim 5 , wherein the heat exchanger ...

Gas purification device

A gas purification device includes: a converter packed with a catalyst for hydrolyzing both carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen cyanide; an upstream heat exchanger for heat exchange between a gas to be introduced into the converter and a cooling fluid for cooling the gas; a reaction-temperature estimation member for estimating a reaction temperature inside the converter; and a flow-rate adjustment member for adjusting a flow rate of the cooling fluid flowing into the upstream heat exchanger based on an estimated value of the reaction-temperature estimation member to control the reaction temperature.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE MATERIAL USE OF HYDROGEN

A system for the material use of hydrogen includes a transfer-hydrogenation facility with a transfer-hydrogenation unit for the hydrogenation of a material for hydrogenation and a hydrogen-provision device for the provision of hydrogen for the transfer-hydrogenation facility, where, via the hydrogen-provision device, hydrogen in bound form is provided for the transfer-hydrogenation facility, and the hydrogen-provision device includes a loading unit for the loading of a carrier medium with hydrogen. 1. A system for a material use of hydrogen comprising:a transfer-hydrogenation facility comprising a transfer-hydrogenation unit for hydrogenation of a material for hydrogenation;a hydrogen-provision device for provision of hydrogen for the transfer-hydrogenation facility, wherein, by means of the hydrogen-provision device, hydrogen is provided in bound form for the transfer-hydrogenation facility, and the hydrogen-provision device comprises a loading unit for loading a carrier medium with hydrogen.2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein a catalyst is provided in the transfer-hydrogenation unit in order to promote the hydrogenation by contacting the material for hydrogenation with the hydrogen provided in bound form.3. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the transfer-hydrogenation unit comprises a stirring device claim 2 , wherein the catalyst is present as a suspension of a finely distributed claim 2 , solid catalyst in a mixture of liquid carrier medium and material for hydrogenation.4. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-provision device comprises a carrier-medium storage unit for storage of loaded carrier medium.5. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-provision device comprises a hydrogen-generating unit for generating hydrogen.6. A system according to claim 1 , further comprising:a separating device connected with the transfer-hydrogenation facility for separation of a mixture of at least partially unloaded carrier medium and ...

Radiosynthesiser Add-On Device

The present invention relates to an automated radiosynthesis device adapted for the addition of multiple additional components. The automated radiosynthesis device of the invention enables a wider range of radiochemical synthetic processes to be carried out in an automated fashion. 1. An automated radiosynthesis device comprising:(i) a plurality of connectors for removably attaching a disposable kit;(ii) a plurality of actuators to selectively control moving parts of said disposable kit;(iii) a control unit for directing the selective control of the moving parts of said disposable kit by said plurality of actuators;(iv) a reaction vessel heating well;(v) an inert gas conduit;(vi) a vacuum conduit;(vii) a radioisotope conduit;(viii) means to fix add-on devices onto the radiosynthesis device at various locations.2. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of connectors is selected from the group comprising fasteners and fluidic connectors.3. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 2 , wherein said fluidic connectors are selected from the group comprising push-on type connectors claim 2 , luer slip connectors or luer screw connectors.4. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said disposable kit is suitable for the synthesis of a radiotracer compound.5. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 4 , wherein said radiotracer compound is a positron-emission tomography (PET) tracer.6. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 5 , wherein said radiotracer compound is an F-labelled PET tracer.7. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said disposable kit is a single-use cassette.8. The automated radiosynthesis device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of actuators is selected from the group comprising rotatable arms for stopcocks of valves claim 1 , linear actuators claim 1 , arms that press onto reagent vials and pinch ...

CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION DEVICE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER COMPOSITION, AND INJECTION VALVE

A continuous polymerization apparatus uses at least a first reactor and a second reactor (). Each of the reactors () comprises a supply port () and an effluent port (). The supply port () of the first reactor () is connected to supply sources () of a raw material monomer and a polymerization initiator, and the effluent port () thereof is connected to the supply port () of the second reactor () by a connection line (). The connection line () is combined with a replenishing line () through an injection valve () at a combining part. The injection valve () comprises, in a full closure state thereof, a clearance that may cause a fluid comprising at least the raw material monomer to flow from the replenishing line () to the connection line (). 1. A continuous polymerization apparatus at least comprisinga first reactor and a second reactor, whereineach of the reactors comprises a supply port and an effluent port, whereinthe supply port of the first reactor is connected to supply sources of a raw material monomer and a polymerization initiator, whereinthe effluent port of the first reactor is connected to the supply port of the second reactor by a connection line, whereinthe connection line is combined with a replenishing line through an injection valve at a combining part located between the effluent port of the first reactor and the supply port of the second reactor, and whereinthe injection valve in a full closure state thereof comprises a clearance capable of causing a fluid comprising at least the raw material monomer to flow from the replenishing line to the connection line.2. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe injection valve comprises:a plug;a body comprising a space that accommodates the plug; anda shaft that supports and operates the plug in the space, and whereinin the full closure state, the clearance is formed between an inner wall face of the body and a surface of the plug.3. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , ...

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A system configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar is provided. The system has a housing a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation, and a control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen. 1. A device configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar , the device comprising:a housing having at least a flight disposed therein, the housing having a steam inlet and a vacuum inlet;a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation; anda control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data;wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one pressure sensor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one temperature sensor claim 1 , wherein the at least one temperature sensor is a thermocouple and is further configured to output a signal to the control system if the pH is outside of a predetermined range.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a pH meter configured to calculate the hydrogen-ion activity of the products in the housing claim 1 , and further configured to output a signal to ...

Gas Collection Apparatus

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

Coke Mitigation In Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k−1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv). 1. A method of optimizing a pyrolysis reaction comprising the steps of:(a) measuring an absolute upstream temperature T1 in a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a parallel tube assembly having an inlet manifold, a plurality of radiant tubes, and an adiabatic restriction in at least one tube of the plurality of radiant tubes, wherein the upstream temperature is measured at a location that is upstream of the adiabatic restriction;(b) measuring an absolute temperature T2 downstream of the adiabatic restriction;(c) measuring an absolute upstream pressure at a location that is upstream of the adiabatic restriction to provide an upstream pressure P1; {'br': None, 'i': P', 'P', 'T', 'T, 'sup': '(k/k-1)', '2=1×(2/1)'}, '(d) determining an absolute downstream pressure P2 using the formula'}wherein k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv); and (i) adjusting cracking intensity of the pyrolysis reactor;', '(ii) adjusting feed and fuel control valves to distribute coking rate in the parallel tube assembly ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE RAPID DISCOVERY AND DESIGN OF POLYMERIZATIONS

A reactor system includes at least one reactant provided to perform a reaction. The system includes one or more sensors configured to detect sensor data regarding the reaction. The system includes processing circuitry configured to receive the sensor data from the one or more sensors, apply one or more machine learning models to the sensor data to generate a measurement regarding at least one of the reaction or an activity of at least one catalyst used to perform the reaction, and control at least one of a temperature of the reactor, a flow rate of the at least one reactant, or a concentration of the at least one reactant responsive to the measurement. 1. A system , comprising: 'at least one reactant provided to perform a reaction;', 'a reactor, comprisingone or more sensors configured to detect sensor data regarding the reaction; and receive the sensor data from the one or more sensors;', 'apply one or more machine learning models to the sensor data to generate a measurement regarding at least one of the reaction or an activity of at least one catalyst used to perform the reaction; and', 'control at least one of a temperature of the reactor, a flow rate of the at least one reactant, or a concentration of the at least one reactant responsive to the measurement., 'processing circuitry configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the at least one of the temperature of the reactor claim 1 , the flow rate of the at least one reactant claim 1 , or the concentration of the at least one reactant to increase the measurement to be greater than a threshold measurement.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor data comprises at least one of molecular weight claim 1 , polydispersity claim 1 , cross-linking claim 1 , temperature of the reaction claim 1 , or flow rate of the reaction.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor data comprises at least one of dynamic light scattering data detected by a dynamic light ...

System and Method for Hydrothermal Upgrading of Fatty Acid Feedstock

A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max)1. A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes. 1. A system for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including hydrocarbons , comprising:a fluid flow path configured to convey the process stream continuously therethrough in a downstream direction, the flow path including a reactor;the reactor configured to receive the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C.;the reactor including one or more process flow tubes defining an aggregated interior cross-sectional dimension in a plane extending transversely to the downstream direction therethrough, the one or more flow tubes having a combined length of at least about 4 times the aggregated interior cross-sectional dimension;the reactor configured to apply heat to the process stream flowing therethrough, to progressively heat the process stream from the inlet temperature at an upstream portion of the reactor, to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 425° C. at a downstream portion of the reactor;the reactor configured to maintain the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that the process stream remains a ...

Reactor for Hydrothermal Growth of Structured Materials

Design, fabrication, and usage of a reactor are presented for synthesis of structured materials from a liquid-phase precursor by heating. The structured materials are particles, membranes or films of micro-porous molecular sieve crystals such as zeolite and meso-porous materials. The precursor solution and structured materials in the reactor are uniformly heated by a planar heater with characteristic heat transfer dimension in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm. A planar heater having width and length at least three times of the characteristic heat transfer dimension provides at least one surface of uniform temperature distribution for heating purposes. Heating is conducted over a temperature range of 20 to 300° C. The planar heater can be heated by electrical power of by thermal fluid.

THERMAL CONVERSION VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel () is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises: 1200. A thermal conversion vessel () for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM) , α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM) , 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylic acid (MAA) , into a mixture comprising 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) , wherein said vessel comprises:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '206', '206', '206', '1', '1', '1, 'i': a', 'b', 'i', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'at least three compartments (C, C, C, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (, , . . . ) separating said compartments into at least three communicating parts (C, C, C, . . . Ci) by a passage provided between the bottom of the vessel and said inner wall,'}said compartments having a space above said inner wall, for separating a gas phase from a liquid phase during thermal conversion,{'b': 204', '204', '204, 'i': a', 'b', 'i, 'said compartments being connected to an outlet valve (, , . . . ).'}2123205205205204204204abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel according to wherein said vessel comprises at least three compartments (C claim 1 , C claim 1 , C claim 1 , . . . Ci) separated from each other by an overflow wall ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , ) claim 1 , over which the hydrolysis mixture to be converted flows to pass from one compartment to the other claim 1 , each compartment being connected to an outlet valve ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . ).3205205205206206206abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel of claim 2 , wherein the height (h) of either overflow walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 , . . . claim 2 , ) or inner walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GENERATING A REDUCING AGENT GAS FROM A LIQUID OR SOLID REDUCING AGENT

A device for generating a reducing agent gas from a solid or liquid reducing agent, where the reducing agent gas is preferably suited for nitrogen oxide reduction in an exhaust gas of a combustion engine, the device including a reactor with an inner volume and an inlet for a reducing agent solution and an outlet for the reducing agent gas. The device further including a heating system disposed at least partially in the inner volume and a heating control unit for controlling the heating system, wherein the inner volume includes first and second heating zones each including at least one heating element and controlled independently of each other by the heating control unit. 1. A device for generating a reducing agent gas from a solid or liquid reducing agent comprising:at least one reactor with an inner volume and an inlet for a reducing agent solution and an outlet for a reducing agent gas;a heating system disposed at least partially in the reactor and comprising at least one heating element; the inner volume comprises a first and a second heating zone where the first and the second heating zone each comprise at least one heating element and where the first and second heating zones are controllable independently of each other by the heating control unit; and', 'the reactor comprises a mixing unit in the inner volume., 'a heating control unit for controlling the heating system; wherein at least one of2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the inner volume comprises at least three heating zones claim 1 , wherein each heating zone comprises at least one heating element.3. The device according to wherein the heating zones each comprise at least two heating elements claim 1 , wherein each heating element is controllable independently.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein each heating zone comprises a direct or indirect temperature sensor.5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the heating element or the heating elements comprise a heating rod or heating ...

Liquid fuel cpox reformers and methods of cpox reforming

A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

THERMAL CONVERSION VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel () is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises:—at least one compartment (C C C . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall () separating said compartment into two communicating parts (CC) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,—said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion,—said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions. 1200. A thermal conversion vessel () for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM) , α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM) , 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylic acid (MAA) , into a mixture comprising 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) , wherein said vessel comprises:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '206', '206', '206', '1', '1, 'i': a,', 'b,', 'i', 'a,', 'b, 'at least two compartments (C, C, C, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (. . . ) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (CC) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,'}said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating a gas phase from a liquid phase during thermal conversion,{'b': 204', '204', '204, 'i': a,', 'b,', 'i, 'said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (. . . ).'}2123205205205204204204a,b,ia,b,i. The thermal conversion vessel according to claim 1 , wherein said vessel comprises at least three compartments (C claim 1 , C claim 1 , C claim 1 , . . . Ci) separated from each other by an ...

CATALYTIC REACTORS COMPRISING DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSORS

A catalytic reactor is provided comprising a plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reaction; a plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels; adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate (, ), and a distributed temperature sensor such as an optical fibre cable (). The distributed temperature sensor may be located within the divider plate, or within one or 10 more of the flow channels. 1. A catalytic reactor comprisinga plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reactiona plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels;adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate; anda distributed temperature sensor provided within the divider plate and/or within one or more first flow channels and/or one or more second flow channels.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the distributed temperature sensor is a fibre optic cable.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable follows a tortuous path through the divider plates in order to provide temperature data for all of the adjacent first and second flow channels.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein a fibre optic cable is provided in each divider plate.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable is provided within one or more first flow channels.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable is provided within one or more second flow channels.7. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first flow channels include a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and the second channels carry a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , in use.8. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first flow channels include a steam methane reforming catalyst and the second channels further include a combustion catalyst.9. A plant for ...

DEVICE FOR RAPIDLY PREPARING BETA-Si3N4 BY GAS-SOLID REACTION, AND METHOD THEREOF

A device for rapidly preparing β-Si3N4 by gas-solid reaction and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of recycling and reuse of waste fine silicon powder. The bottom of a stock bin communicates with a first opening and closing passage, a first connection passage, and the top of a first transitional bin; the bottom of the first transitional bin communicates with the first opening and closing passage, a second connection passage, and the top of a reaction bin; the bottom of the reaction bin communicates with a second opening and closing passage, the first connection passage, and the top of a second transitional bin; the bottom of the second transitional bin communicates with the top of a conveying passage through the first opening and closing passage; a material outlet of the conveying bin communicates with the collection bin. 11234561782279331084457568111217911131410. A device for rapidly preparing β-SiNby gas-solid reaction , comprising a stock bin () , a first transitional bin () , a reaction bin () , a second transitional bin () , a conveying bin () , and a collection bin () , wherein the bottom of the stock bin () communicates with a first opening and closing passage () , a first connection passage () , and the top of the first transitional bin () in sequence; the bottom of the first transitional bin () communicates with the first opening and closing passage () , a second connection passage () , and the top of the reaction bin () in sequence; the bottom of the reaction bin () communicates with a second opening and closing passage () , the first connection passage () , and the top of the second transitional bin () in sequence; the bottom of the second transitional bin () communicates with the top of the conveying bin () through the first opening and closing passage (); a material outlet of the conveying bin () communicates with the collection bin (); the first connection passage () is a hollow pipeline and is provided with a pressure gauge () , a ...

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone. 118-. (canceled)19. A method of reforming a liquid reformable fuel , the method comprising:introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a conduit for routing fluids toward an inlet of a reformer;heating a stream of the oxygen-containing gas with at least one of a first source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit and a second source of heat disposed in the conduit comprising heat of exotherm from the liquid fuel reformer and/or a hydrogen reformate-consuming device external to the liquid fuel reformer to provide a stream of heated oxygen-containing gas;introducing into the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas through or proximate to a vaporizer a liquid reformable fuel to provide a heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture; andreforming the heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.20. The method of claim 19 , comprising:heating the stream of the oxygen-containing gas and/or the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas with a third source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit downstream from the first and second sources of heat and upstream from the vaporizer.21. The method of claim 20 , comprising:discontinuing heating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the first source of heat; andheating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the second and third sources of heat.22. The method of comprising adjusting the heat supplied by the second source and/or third source of heat.23. The method of claim 19 , comprising heating the liquid reformable fuel using the second source of heat and/or the third source of heat claim 19 , when present claim 19 , prior to introducing the liquid ...

UNIFIED COOLING FOR MULTIPLE POLYOLEFIN POLYMERIZATION REACTORS

A system and method for startup of a polyolefin reactor temperature control system having a first reactor temperature control path, a second reactor temperature control path, and a shared temperature control path. In some embodiments, during startup the second reactor temperature control path is configured to allow the temperature of a second reactor to rise due to the heat of the exothermic polymerization reaction occurring within reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature. In other embodiments, during startup a first reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a cooler, and a second reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a heater, to raise the temperature of the second reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature. 1. A method of controlling reactor temperature during startup conditions , comprising:splitting a first control feed system into at least (1) a first heat exchanger zone feed stream through a first heat exchanger zone to produce a first heat exchanger zone output stream and (2) a first heat exchanger zone bypass stream;combining the first heat exchanger zone output stream and the first heat exchanger zone bypass stream to give a first treated stream having a first treated stream temperature;recycling a first return stream comprising the first treated stream after the first treated stream has exchanged energy with a first polyolefin reactor;splitting a second control feed stream into at least (1) a second heat exchanger zone feed stream through a second heat exchanger zone to produce a second heat exchanger zone output stream and (2) a second heat exchanger zone bypass stream;combining the second heat exchanger zone output stream and the second heat exchanger zone bypass stream to give a second treated stream having a second treated stream temperature;recycling a second return stream comprising the second treated stream after the second ...

Dual Mobile Phase Apparatus and Method

An apparatus and system for contacting a mobile elongate solid phase, e.g. a ribbon with a flowing fluid phase, and a method for using the same in, for example solid phase synthesis. A particular apparatus comprises (i) a conduit which is of circular or non-circular transverse cross section and which defines a lumen to contain both the flowing fluid phase and the mobile elongate solid phase; (ii) fluid phase ports in communication with the lumen to allow the fluid phase to enter the lumen, flow through it and exit it; and (iii) solid phase ports in communication with the lumen to allow the mobile solid phase to enter the lumen, move through it and exit it, the apparatus being adapted to prevent fluid egress from its interior through the solid phase ports. 1. A system for carrying out a heterogeneous process , the system comprising:a treatment apparatus configured to contain a flowing liquid phase and a longitudinally moving elongate solid phase in mutual contact;one or more controllable elements;a sensor arranged to detect a parameter of the solid phase and/or a sensor arranged to detect a parameter of the liquid phase;a processor adapted to be in signal communication with the sensor or sensors and with the controllable elements and programmed to control the controllable elements responsive to one or more parameters determined by the sensor or sensors.2. A system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more controllable elements includes a fluid metering device for providing a controlled fluid phase flow to the treatment apparatus.3. A system of claim 2 , wherein the fluid metering device is a controllable pump.4. A system of claim 2 , wherein the fluid metering device is a controllable valve.5. A system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more controllable elements includes a drive device for moving the solid phase through the treatment apparatus.6. A system of claim 5 , wherein the drive device is a motor.7. A system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more controllable elements ...

Reactor System

An apparatus is described which includes at least one reactor, at least one linear piston pump, the or each piston pump including a tube, a piston and an arm coupled to the piston, the or each piston pump arranged to inject feedstock to a respective reactor, a beam or plate coupled to the arm(s) of the piston pump(s) configured to linearly drive the piston(s) and a linear actuator for driving the beam or plate. The piston pump has a volume of at least 50 milliliters and an output port having a diameter of at least 5 mm. 1. An apparatus comprising:at least one reactor;at least one linear piston pump, the or each piston pump including a tube, a piston and an arm coupled to the piston, the or each piston pump arranged to inject feedstock to a respective reactor, the piston pump having a volume of at least 50 milliliters and an output port having a diameter of at least 5 mm;a beam or plate coupled to the arm(s) of the piston pump(s) configured to linearly drive the piston(s); anda linear actuator for driving the beam or plate.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising at least two reactors and at least two piston pumps claim 1 , wherein the beam or plate is configured to linearly drive the pistons at the same time.3. An apparatus comprising:at least one chemical or biochemical reactor;at least one linear piston pump, the or each piston pump including a tube having a closed end, an orifice in the closed end of the tube, a piston and an arm coupled to the piston which is arranged to move along an axis of travel, the or each piston pump arranged to inject feedstock to a respective reactor, the piston pump having a volume of at least 50 milliliters and an output port having a diameter of at least 5 mm;a beam or plate coupled to the arm(s) of the piston pump(s) configured to linearly drive the piston(s); anda linear actuator for driving the beam or plate.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , comprising an array of at least two reactors and an array of at least two ...

SYSTEMS FOR AMMONIATED QUENCHING OF A HYDROPROCESSING REACTION

The disclosure provided herein describes systems for rapidly quenching an over-temperature hydroprocessing reaction utilizing a pressurized quenching agent that is rapidly released into the hydroprocessing reactor. Optimally, the quenching agent blocks acidic catalytic sites of the hydroprocessing catalyst to competitively inhibit exothermic reaction rate. Exemplary quench agents include ammonia or a chemical that is converted to ammonia under hydroprocessing conditions. 1. A system for quenching a catalytic hydroprocessing reaction , comprising:a) a hydroprocessing reactor comprising a reaction zone and containing a hydroprocessing catalyst comprising at least one acidic catalytic active site, wherein the hydroprocessing reactor is operable to be maintained at a temperature and pressure that facilitates hydroprocessing reactions, wherein the hydroprocessing reactor is further operable to facilitate contact between the acidic catalytic sites of the hydroprocessing catalyst and a feedstock derived from at least one of petroleum or biomass to produce a reactor effluent;b) a vessel operably connected to the hydroprocessing reactor via a conduit comprising a valve, wherein the vessel is operable to contain a quenching agent that is operable to bind the at least one acidic catalytic active site, wherein the valve is operable to release the quenching agent into the conduit and the conduit is operable to convey the quenching agent to the hydroprocessing reactor reaction zone.c) at least one temperature sensor operably connected to the hydroprocessing reactor that is operable to send an electrical signal indicating the temperature condition within the reaction zone;d) a control panel that is operable to receive and interpret the electrical signal from the at least one temperature sensor, and further operable to signal the first valve to operate to release the quenching agent when the electrical signal from the temperature sensor indicates a temperature condition that ...

Baffling tube box, continuous flow reactor, continuous flow reaction system and control system

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical pharmaceutical equipment, in particular to a baffling tube box, a continuous flow reactor, a continuous flow reaction system and a control system. The continuous flow reactor comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a shell pass inlet and a shell pass outlet which are communicated with an inner cavity of the shell, tube plates and communication devices are connected to upper and lower ends of the shell, a reaction tube bank is arranged in the shell and includes a plurality of reaction tubes, upper and lower ends of each reaction tube are fixedly connected to the tube plates in a penetrating manner, and all the reaction tubes are sequentially communicated in series through the communication devices. On one hand, compared with traditional reactors of the same size, the reaction flow is greatly extended, so that a large Reynolds number is obtained under a low flow velocity of reactants, and the turbulent flow effect is greatly improved; and continuous mixing can still be achieved during a continuous flow reaction, so that the condition in each reaction stage can be detected in real time, and installation and assembly are simplified.

Reactor for Hydrothermal Growth of Structured Materials

Design, fabrication, and usage of a reactor are presented for synthesis of structured materials from a liquid-phase precursor by heating. The structured materials are particles, membranes or films of micro-porous molecular sieve crystals such as zeolite and meso-porous materials. The precursor solution and structured materials in the reactor are uniformly heated by a planar heater with characteristic heat transfer dimension in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm. A planar heater having width and length at least three times of the characteristic heat transfer dimension provides at least one surface of uniform temperature distribution for heating purposes. Heating is conducted over a temperature range of 20 to 300° C. The planar heater can be heated by electrical power of by thermal fluid. 1. A porous structured material made by a hydrothermal growth reactor , the hydrothermal growth reactor comprising:a plate-shaped reactor vessel configured to contain a solution comprising a precursor and a structured material within a slot having an aperture in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm, the reactor vessel having a plate width and length at least three times an aperture size of the slot;at least one major surface heating area of the reactor vessel capable of heating the solution inside contained in the slot in the reactor vessel at a heating rate to minimize a temperature variance inside a reactor growth zone; andat least one removable cover for transporting the structured material out of the reactor vessel,wherein the reactor is configured for synthesis of the porous structured material in a solution by heating at a temperature less than 300° C.2. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises micro-porous or meso-porous particles.3. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises molecular sieve.4. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises a ...

Method for the Production of Polyether Carbonate Polyols and Device Therefor

The present invention relates to a method for producing polyether carbonate polyols by addition of one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide to one or more H-functional starter substances in the presence of at least one DMC catalyst, in which the reaction is conducted in a main reactor () and a tubular reactor () connected as a post reactor downstream thereof, wherein the method is characterized in that at the outlet () of the tubular reactor () a temperature is set that is at least 10° C. above the temperature in the inside of the main reactor (). The invention further relates to a device for carrying out said method. 1. A process for preparing polyether carbonate polyols by adding one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide onto one or more H-functional starter substances in the presence of at least one DMC catalyst , wherein the reaction is conducted in a main reactor and in a tubular reactor , wherein the tubular reactor is positioned downstream of the main reactor as a postreactor , wherein a reaction product flows from the main reactor into the tubular reactor , and wherein a temperature at the exit of the tubular reactor is set at least 10° C. above the temperature within the main reactor.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a temperature at the exit of the tubular reactor is set at 10° C. to 40° C. above the temperature within the main reactor.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the temperature at the exit of the tubular reactor is a function of a % by weight of unreacted alkylene oxide claim 1 , based on the total weight of reaction mixture claim 1 , measured at the entrance to the tubular reactor claim 1 , and wherein the temperature at the exit of the tubular reactor is set at 2.5° C. to 12° C. per % by weight of unreacted alkylene oxide measured at the entrance to the tubular reactor above the temperature within the main reactor.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the temperature at the exit of the tubular reactor ...

SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle. 1. A system for microwave assisted solid phase peptide synthesis comprising:a microwave source positioned to direct microwave radiation into a microwave cavity;a microwave transparent reaction vessel in said cavity; anda vacuum source connected to said reaction vessel.2. A method according to further comprising a trap between said reaction vessel and said vacuum Source.3. A method according to wherein said cavity can support a single mode of microwave radiation at the microwave frequencies produced by said microwave source.4. A method according to where wherein said reaction vessel comprises:a (glass) frit for draining liquids from said reaction vessel; anda spray head for delivery of reagents to said reaction vessel.5. A system according to further comprising a fiber optic temperature probe positioned to read the temperature of said reaction vessel in said cavity (for controlling the microwave power delivered to said reaction vessel).6. A system according to that incorporates nitrogen pressure to transfer all reagents and to provide an inert environment during peptide synthesis.7. A system according to further comprising a nitrogen source in communication with said reaction vessel to bubble the contents of said reaction vessel for mixing ...

SYSTEM FOR GENERATING FUEL MATERIALS USING FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYSTS AND PLASMA SOURCES

In a first processing chamber, a feedstock may be combined with plasma from, for example, three plasma torches to form a first fluid mixture. Each torch may have a working gas including water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The first fluid mixture may be cooled and may contact a first heat exchange device. The output fluid from the first heat exchange device may be separated into one or more components. A syngas may be derived from the one or more components and have a ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen of about 1:2. The syngas may be transferred to a catalyst bed to be converted into one or more fluid fuels. 1. A system for synthesizing a fuel fluid , the system comprising:a first processing chamber;one or more controllable plasma sources, each of the one or more controllable plasma sources configured to deliver a plasma discharge into the first processing chamber;one or more controllable sources of working fluids, each of the one or more controllable sources of working fluids configured to deliver an amount of a working fluid to a corresponding controllable plasma source;a first heat exchange device in fluid communication with the first processing chamber;a coolant addition device in fluid communication with the first processing chamber and the first heat exchange device;a gas separator configured to receive a second fluid mixture from an output port of the first heat exchange device and to separate the second fluid mixture into one or more components;one or more gas holding containers to store the one or more components of the second fluid mixture;a catalyst bed configured to receive a portion of the one or more components of the second fluid mixture and to convert the portion of the one or more components into a fuel fluid;one or more sensors configured to sense at least one process control variable associated with one or more of the first processing chamber, the one or more controllable plasma sources, the one or more of the plurality of controllable ...

REACTOR FOR SOLID AMMONIUM SALT, A METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE REACTOR, AND NOX EMISSION PURIFICATION SYSTEM USING SOLID AMMONIUM SALT AND SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION

In a reactor for solid ammonium salt, a method of controlling the reactor, and a NOx emission purification system using solid ammonium salt and selective catalytic reduction, the reactor includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber has an exhaust and a first heating element. Solid ammonium salt is in the first chamber. The second chamber has a second heating element and is formed at a side of the first chamber. The first chamber is connected with the second chamber. Solid ammonium salt is in the second chamber. An amount of the solid ammonium salt in the second chamber is more than that in the first chamber, so that the first chamber is heated and cooled faster than the second chamber. 1. A reactor for solid ammonium salt , the reactor comprising: a first chamber having an exhaust and a first heating element , solid ammonium salt being in the first chamber; anda second chamber having a second heating element and formed at a side of the first chamber, the first chamber being connected with the second chamber, solid ammonium salt being in the second chamber,wherein an amount of the solid ammonium salt in the second chamber is more than that in the first chamber, so that the first chamber is heated and cooled faster than the second chamber.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a connecting portion connecting the first chamber with the second chamber has a pressure valve claim 1 , and the pressure valve is automatically open when the pressure of the second chamber is higher than that of the first chamber.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a blocking layer is formed between the first and second chambers for insulation.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the first heating element is an electric heater claim 1 , and the second heating element is one or a combination of an electric heater claim 1 , an exhaust gas and an engine cooling water.5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a heat transferring element having an expanded shape claim 1 , a porous shape or ...

SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle. 1. A method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis in which the improvement comprises:adding the deprotecting composition in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle; andwithout any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle.2. A method according to further comprising adding the next successive acid to the mixture of the coupling solution claim 1 , the growing peptide chain following the step of adding the deprotection composition.3. A method according to comprising adding an organic base as the deprotecting composition.4. A method according to comprising adding an organic base selected from the group consisting of piperidine claim 3 , pyrrolidone claim 3 , and 4-methyl piperidine.5. A method according to comprising adding the organic base neat.6. A method according to comprising adding an organic base is a liquid added neat to the coupling solution mixture in a ratio of between about 1:20 and 1:3 based upon the volume of the coupling solution.7. A method according to comprising adding an organic base selected from ...

System and Method for Separating Lipid Based Products from Biomass

Methods and systems for the production and isolation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from a lipid source are described. The method includes extracting a lipid from a lipid source and transesterifying the lipid into a FAME. The method may also include fractionating the FAME from the system. A method of selectively transesterifying a lipid into a FAME is also described.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE AND FACILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

The present invention relates to a process for producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, comprising the steps: i) providing a stream A comprising at least one chlorinated compound selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene; and ii) in an adiabatic reactor comprising a fixed bed composed of an inlet and an outlet, bringing said stream A into contact, in the presence or absence of a catalyst, with HF in order to produce a stream B comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, characterized in that the temperature at the inlet of the fixed bed of said adiabatic reactor is between 300° C. and 400° C. and the longitudinal temperature difference between the inlet of the fixed bed and the outlet of the fixed bed of said reactor is less than 20° C. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for producing 2-chloro-3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropene , comprising the steps:i. providing a stream A comprising at least one chlorinated compound selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene; andii. in an adiabatic reactor comprising a fixed bed composed of an inlet and an outlet, bringing said stream A into contact, in the presence or absence of a catalyst, with HF in order to produce a stream B comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene,wherein the temperature at the inlet of the fixed bed of said adiabatic reactor is between 300° C. and 400° C. and a longitudinal temperature difference between the inlet of the fixed bed and the outlet of the fixed bed of said reactor is less than 20° C.12. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the temperature at the inlet of the fixed bed of said reactor is between 340° C. and 380° C. and the longitudinal temperature difference between the inlet of the fixed bed of said reactor and the outlet of the fixed bed of said reactor is ...

Skid-Mounted Depressurizing System

A skid-mounted depressurizing system includes a main process module, a mechanical control system, a thermodynamic balance system and an intelligent control system. The main process module includes multiple main process pipelines, each of the multiple main process pipelines is provided with a pressure reducing valve set. During depressurization, process medium enters at least one of the multiple main process pipelines, the mechanical control system outputs a torque according to the control instruction of the intelligent control system to control each valve of the multiple main process pipelines to perform an action switch and an opening degree adjustment, the thermodynamic balance system is configured to provide the medium of different properties to the multiple main process pipelines according to the control instruction of the intelligent control system to control temperature, pressure, cleanliness degree and/or sealing degree of the main process module. 1. A skid-mounted depressurizing system , comprising a main process module , a mechanical control system , a thermodynamic balance system and an intelligent control system , wherein the main process module comprises a plurality of main process pipelines , each of the plurality of the main process pipelines is provided with a pressure reducing valve set; and during depressurization , a process medium is configured to enter at least one of the plurality of the main process pipelines , the intelligent control system is configured to send control instructions to the mechanical control system and the thermodynamic balance system , the mechanical control system is configured to output a torque according to the control instructions of the intelligent control system to control opening and closing and opening degree adjustment of each valve of the plurality of the main process pipelines , and the thermodynamic balance system is configured to provide the medium of different properties to the plurality of the main process ...

REACTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PROCESS POLYMERS

The present invention consists in a reactor, a system and a method to process products such as polymers, where the reactor is formed by a vertical structure made up by a concentric ferrous inner tank and an external tank opened by the lower end, between which a jacket is arranged, where said reactor comprises: an upper lid; at least an inlet for material; an overhead valve in the at least inlet duct for material; at least one chimney; a stirring unit comprising a vertical axis connected to: a plurality of main blades fixed to it in a perpendicular way; a set of secondary blades perpendicularly joint to a sub-axis connected in angle to said vertical axis; a structure of lower blades; a discharge element comprising an opening and closing valve connected to a tray; and an air inlet located in one of the faces of the external tank. 134.-. (canceled)35. A reactor for the processing of such products inside of it as polymers , which consists of a vertical structure made up by a concentric ferrous inner tank and an external tank each having an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section opened by the lower end , a jacket being arranged between said inner tank and said external tank , wherein said reactor comprises:an upper lid;at least one inlet for material;an overhead valve in the at least inlet duct for material;at least one chimney; a plurality of main blades perpendicularly fixed to a first section of the vertical axis and aligned with at least the cylindrical upper section;', 'a set of secondary blades perpendicularly joint to a sub-axis connected in angle to a second section of said vertical axis, said second section being at a lower position than the first section of the vertical axis and aligned with the conical lower section;', 'a structure of lower blades connected to a lower support located at the lower end of the vertical axis and fixed to the walls of the inner tank in the conical lower section;, 'a stirring unit comprising a vertical axis connected ...

AMMONIA SYNTHESIS FOR FERTILIZER PRODUCTION

A method for synthesizing ammonia for agricultural fertilizers employs water (H2O) as the source of hydrogen (H2) in ammonia (NH3) synthesis, and gathers carbon monoxide (CO) as a limiting reagent for combining in a WGS (Water-Gas-Shift) reaction for producing hydrogen. The WGS reaction employs CO with the water to produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and H2, consuming undesirable CO from other industrial applications. A by-product of the process includes generating 1.5 mole of CO2 for each mole of ammonia synthesized. An intermediate step consumes 3 moles of hydrogen for each mole of Nitrogen (N2). The use of methane gas is avoided as the process employs CO and the WGS reaction as an exclusive source of H2 without introducing methane (CH4). A downstream synthesis of ammonia can be done through a fuel cell to produce electricity for the ammonia synthesis for further sustainability. 1. A method for synthesizing ammonia , comprising:receiving carbon monoxide (CO) from an industrial process;{'sub': '2', 'providing the received carbon monoxide to a hydrogen separator for reacting the carbon monoxide with water from a water source for producing hydrogen (H);'}combining the hydrogen with nitrogen from a nitrogen reactor for synthesizing ammonia, the hydrogen generated exclusively from the water provided to the hydrogen separator.2. The method of wherein the hydrogen separator is a catalyzed membrane reactor having a palladium membrane claim 1 , further comprising passing the hydrogen through the palladium membrane.3. The method of wherein combining the hydrogen further comprises combining the hydrogen with nitrogen in an ammonia reactor at a 3:1 molar ratio claim 2 , heating and pressurizing the combined hydrogen and nitrogen for passing resulting ammonia (NH) through a membrane for separating ammonia claim 2 , and recirculating the hydrogen and nitrogen for additional passes claim 2 , each pass yielding separated ammonia.4. The method of wherein the CO is reacted with the water ...

HYDROLYSIS VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel () is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system () on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S to S) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions. 120021421213201202203. A vessel () for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) by sulfuric acid (HSO) to produce an hydrolysis mixture comprising α-sulfatoisobistyramide (SIBAM) , said vessel comprising an agitation system () for homogenizing the mixture , wherein said vessel comprises at least one cooling system () on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages along its vertical wall , preferably three stages , each stage (S to S) comprising a ACH feeding inlet ( , , ).2204. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein said vessel comprises a bottom inlet () for feeding the vessel with sulfuric acid by the bottom.3212. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling system () comprises vertical tubes bundle claim 1 , set up in the peripheral internal annular area of the vessel claim 1 , said tubes extending on the height of the vessel and being traversed by a cooling water stream.4222212223. The vessel according to claim 3 , wherein staid vessel comprises on its top surface claim 3 , at least one water feeding duct () for feeding the tubes bundle of the cooling system () and at least one collecting duct () to recover water exiting tubes bundle.5222223. The vessel according to claim 3 , ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THERMALLY DEMANUFACTURING TIRES AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS

An apparatus and process for thermally de-manufacturing tires and other materials. The apparatus is a retort chamber with various zones in which tires are combusted to provide energy for the thermal depolymerization reaction, depolymerization takes place, and products leave the retort chamber. In one embodiment, the process reacts water with iron present in steel-belted tires to produce hydrogen, which helps to break sulfur-sulfur bonds in vulcanized materials. The water also helps control the temperature of the reaction, which allows for control over the types and relative amounts of the various depolymerization products. 1. A retort chamber comprising:a) a top,b) a bottom,c) a heater at or near the bottom of the retort chamber capable of heating the bottom to a temperature between about 900 and 1300° C.,d) two or more inlet ports located at or near the bottom of the retort chamber,e) one or more outlet ports located at or near the top of the retort chamber,f) temperature monitors at or near the top and bottom of the retort chamber,g) a temperature monitor located at a position between about 30 and about 70% of the distance between the top and the bottom of the retort chamber, andh) a vacuum line or aspirator located in the upper third of the retort chamber.2. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein the heater is a burner placed on a carriage claim 1 , which carriage is adapted to allow the burner to move along the bottom of the retort chamber.3. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the retort chamber comprises a plurality of registers claim 1 , which registers are spaced so as to provide substantially equal pressure along the entire bottom of the retort claim 1 , wherein substantially equal means that the pressure along the bottom of the retort chamber does not vary by more than 20%.4. The retort chamber of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the inlet ports is adapted to receive a supply of water to be introduced into the retort chamber.5. The ...

System for generating superheated steam using hydrogen peroxide

The invention relates to a system for generating superheated steam using hydrogen peroxide, formed by: a container for storing hydrogen peroxide, which stores a solution of peroxide that is used during the reaction to generate superheated steam; a hydrogen peroxide discharge pump connected to a first connecting duct, said discharge pump being used to pump the hydrogen peroxide solution to a reaction container via a second connecting duct; and a steam generating reaction container or reactor, in which the reaction takes place and the superheated steam is generated, said reaction container or reactor receiving the hydrogen peroxide solution in order for the reaction to take place and the superheated steam to be generated and subsequently conveyed through a nozzle and an outlet duct towards installations that are to undergo cleaning and/or stimulation.

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer () includes a fuel vaporizer () which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater (), operable in the start-up mode of the reformer (), and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone. 1. A liquid fuel reformer system for the production of hydrogen-rich reformate , the liquid fuel reformer system comprising:a liquid fuel reformer comprising a reformer inlet;a conduit comprising an oxygen-containing gas inlet, a liquid reformable fuel inlet located downstream from the oxygen-containing gas inlet, and a gaseous reaction mixture outlet located downstream from the liquid reformable fuel inlet, wherein the conduit provides fluid communication among the oxygen-containing gas inlet, the liquid reformable fuel inlet and the gaseous reaction mixture outlet, and the gaseous reaction mixture outlet is in fluid communication with the reformer inlet;a first source of heat comprising an electric heater, the first source of heat being disposed in the conduit at a location downstream from the oxygen-containing gas inlet and upstream from the liquid reformable fuel inlet;a second source of heat comprising heat of exotherm from the liquid fuel reformer and/or a hydrogen reformate-consuming device external to the liquid fuel reformer, the second source of heat in thermal communication with the conduit and at a location downstream from the first source of heat upstream from the liquid reformable fuel inlet; anda vaporizer, the vaporizer being disposed in the conduit at a location downstream from the liquid reformable fuel inlet, or defining the liquid reformable fuel inlet.2. The liquid fuel reformer system of comprising:a third source of heat comprising an electric heater, the third source of heat being disposed in the conduit at a location downstream from the first and second sources of heat and upstream from the liquid reformable fuel inlet;3. The ...

SPRAYING DEVICE FOR QUICKLY FORMING GAS HYDRATES

A spraying device for quickly forming gas hydrates, includes a stable gas supply system, a saturated solution preparation system, a gas-liquid mixed sprayer, a temperature control system and a data collecting and processing system. Pressure atomization is achieved at a high atomization speed and the atomized fog drops are uniformly distributed within a scale range of 5-10 microns to form a gas-in-water contact mode, so as to effectively increase a gas-water contact superficial area and significantly shorten the induction time of forming the gas hydrates. The device achieves gas-liquid intensive mixing in a gas-liquid mixing cavity in a spray manner and consumes no energy, thereby reducing the total energy consumption of forming the gas hydrates and improving the energy consumption efficiency of forming the gas hydrates. The spraying device applies to thermodynamics and kinetics experiments of quick and continuous hydrate method gas separation and rapid formation of the gas hydrates. 1. A spraying device for quickly forming gas hydrates , comprising:a stable gas supply system;a saturated solution preparation system;a gas-liquid mixed sprayer;a temperature control system; anda data collecting and processing system, which are connected by at least one of pipelines and circuits,wherein the stable gas supply system provides a gas for the saturated solution preparation system and the gas-liquid mixed sprayer, the stable gas supply system including:a test gas cylinder;{'sub': '2', 'a COgas cylinder;'}a pressure reducing valve; anda booster pump,wherein the saturated solution preparation system provides a saturated solution for the gas-liquid mixed sprayer, the saturated solution preparation system including:a solution tank; anda booster pump,wherein an interior of the gas-liquid mixed includes:a high speed fluid cavity;a gas-liquid mixing cavity communicating with the high speed fluid cavity; andan atomizer arranged in the gas-liquid mixing cavity,wherein the test gas ...

Reformer with perovskite as structural component thereof

A reformer includes at least one reformer reactor unit ( 300 ) having a space-confining wall with external ( 307 ) and internal surfaces ( 306 ), at least a section of the wall and space confined thereby defining a reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an inlet end ( 301 ) and associated inlet ( 302 ) for admission of flow of gaseous reforming reactant to the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an outlet end ( 303 ) and associated outlet ( 304 ) for outflow of hydrogen-rich reformate produced in the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), at least that section of the wall ( 305 ) corresponding to the reforming reaction zone comprising perovskite as a structural component thereof such wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous reforming reactant to diffuse therein and hydrogen-rich reformate to diffuse therefrom.

DETECTING AND CORRECTING PROBLEMS IN LIQUID LIFTING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure. 1. A system comprising:a reactor;a heater;a heat exchanger;a regenerator;a separator;one or more sensors associated with the heat exchanger; one or more processors of the data collection platform;', 'a communication interface of the data collection platform; and', receive, from the one or more sensors associated with the heat exchanger, sensor data comprising operation information associated with the heat exchanger;', 'correlate the sensor data from the one or more sensors with metadata comprising time data, the time data corresponding to the operation information associated with the heat exchanger; and', 'transmit the sensor data; and, 'memory storing executable instructions that, when executed, cause the data collection platform to], 'a data collection platform comprising one or more processors of the data analysis platform;', 'a communication interface of the data analysis platform; and', receive, from the data collection platform, the sensor data comprising ...

AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure. 1. A system comprising:a reactor;a heater;an air-cooled heat exchanger;a regenerator;a separator;one or more sensors associated with the air-cooled heat exchanger; one or more processors of the data collection platform;', 'a communication interface of the data collection platform; and', receive, from the one or more sensors associated with the air-cooled heat exchanger, sensor data comprising operation information associated with the air-cooled heat exchanger;', 'correlate the sensor data from the one or more sensors with metadata comprising time data, the time data corresponding to the operation information associated with the air-cooled heat exchanger; and', 'transmit the sensor data; and, 'memory storing executable instructions that, when executed, cause the data collection platform to], 'a data collection platform comprising one or more processors of the data analysis platform;', 'a communication interface of the data analysis platform; and', receive, from the ...

UNIFIED COOLING FOR MULTIPLE POLYOLEFIN POLYMERIZATION REACTORS

A system and method for startup of a polyolefin reactor temperature control system having a first reactor temperature control path, a second reactor temperature control path, and a shared temperature control path. In some embodiments, during startup the second reactor temperature control path is configured to allow the temperature of a second reactor to rise due to the heat of the exothermic polymerization reaction occurring within reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature. In other embodiments, during startup a first reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a cooler, and a second reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a heater, to raise the temperature of the second reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature. 1. A method of controlling reactor temperature during startup conditions , comprising:splitting a first control feed system into at least (1) a first heat exchanger zone feed stream through a first heat exchanger zone to produce a first heat exchanger zone output stream and (2) a first heat exchanger zone bypass stream;combining the first heat exchanger zone output stream and the first heat exchanger zone bypass stream to give a first treated stream having a first treated stream temperature;recycling a first return stream comprising the first treated stream after the first treated stream has exchanged energy with a first polyolefin reactor;splitting a second control feed stream into at least (1) a second heat exchanger zone feed stream through a second heat exchanger zone to produce a second heat exchanger zone output stream and (2) a second heat exchanger zone bypass stream;combining the second heat exchanger zone output stream and the second heat exchanger zone bypass stream to give a second treated stream having a second treated stream temperature;recycling a second return stream comprising the second treated stream after the second ...

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongated tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces. The wall encloses an unobstructed gaseous flow passageway. At least a portion of the wall has CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the CPOX reactor unit. 1. A reformer for the gaseous phase catalytic partial oxidation of a gaseous CPOX reaction mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a gaseous and/or vaporized liquid CPOX fuel reaction mixture to provide a hydrogen gas product , the reformer comprising:a generally U-shaped open conduit configured to convey a gaseous CPOX reaction mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a gaseous and/or vaporized liquid CPOX fuel to an inlet of at least one elongate tubular gaseous phase CPOX reactor unit, the reactor unit having a gas permeable wall with an internal surface and an external surface defining a wall thickness therebetween and having at least one CPOX catalyst disposed (i) on at least a portion of an internal surface of the CPOX reactor unit and/or (ii) within the wall thickness thereof, the CPOX-containing portion of the CPOX reactor unit defining a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the CPOX reaction zone adapted to emit a heat of exotherm during a CPOX reaction therein;the U-shaped open conduit comprising a ...

Apparatus and method for thermally demanufacturing tires and other waste products

An apparatus and process for thermally de-manufacturing tires and other materials. The apparatus is a retort chamber with various zones in which tires are combusted to provide energy for the thermal depolymerization reaction, depolymerization takes place, and products leave the retort chamber. In one embodiment, the process reacts water with iron present in steel-belted tires to produce hydrogen, which helps to break sulfur-sulfur bonds in vulcanized materials. The water also helps control the temperature of the reaction, which allows for control over the types and relative amounts of the various depolymerization products.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF INDIGO CARMINE

The present invention relates to an improved process for preparation of Indigo carmine of Formula (I), in high purity, more than 99.5%. 2. The process according to step-(a) where in the reaction carried out in solvent is alcohol solvent selected from group is methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , tert-butanol preferably tert-butanol.3. The process according to claim 1 , step-(a) claim 1 , wherein the reaction carried out in peroxide compound is define as hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , cumene hydrogen peroxide in cumene preferably cumene hydrogen peroxide in cumene.4. The process according to claim 1 , step-(a) claim 1 , wherein the reaction carryout temperature range 80° C. to 120° C. and most preferably temperature range 95° C.−100° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , step-(a) claim 1 , wherein the reaction carryout in presence of catalyst is Molybledenumhexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)).6. The process according to step-(b) claim 1 , where in the reaction is carried temperature range 50° C. to 90° C. and most preferably temperature range 75° C.−85° C.7. The process according to step-(b) claim 1 , wherein the reaction carryout in solvent is organic solvent selected form group is acetic acid preferably acetic acid.8. The process according to step-(b) claim 1 , wherein the extraction/purification solvent in ester solvent is selected form group is methyl acetate claim 1 , ethyl acetate claim 1 , preferably ethyl acetate.9. The process according to step-(c) claim 1 , wherein reaction carried out in aqueous phase claim 1 , using the water only.10. The process according to step-(c) claim 1 , wherein the where in the reaction is carried temperature range 20° C. to 40° C. and most preferably temperature range 25° C.-30° C.11. The process according to step-(c) claim 1 , wherein sodium source compound is define as sodium metal claim 1 , sodium hydride claim 1 , sodium hydroxide preferable sodium hydroxide.12. The process according to step-(c) ...

CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER COMPOSITION

A continuous polymerization apparatus uses at least a first reactor and a second reactor (). Each of the reactors () includes at least one supply port (and ), an effluent port (), and a temperature detecting means (T, T), each of which detects the temperature in the reactor. The supply port () of the first reactor () is connected to supply sources () of a raw material monomer and a polymerization initiator, and the effluent port () is connected to the first supply port () of the second reactor () through a connection line (). The second supply port () of the second reactor () is connected to a replenishing line () that supplies a new raw material monomer to the second reactor. 1. A continuous polymerization apparatus comprisingat least a first reactor and a second reactor, whereineach of the reactors comprises at least one supply port, an effluent port, and a temperature detecting means that detects a temperature in the reactor, whereinthe supply port of the first reactor is connected to supply sources of a raw material monomer and a polymerization initiator, whereinthe effluent port of the first reactor is connected to a first supply port of the second reactor by a connection line, and whereina second supply port of the second reactor is connected to a replenishing line that supplies a new raw material monomer to the second reactor.2. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe replenishing line is connected to a supply source of a new raw material monomer, and whereinat least one of the supply source and the replenishing line comprises a temperature regulating means.3. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe connection line comprises a cooling means.4. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe connection line comprises a mixing means between the effluent port of the first reactor and a first supply port of the second reactor.5. The continuous polymerization apparatus of claim 1 , whereineach of the ...

CEMENTITIOUS BLEND AND CONCRETE MIX COMPOSITIONS RESISTANT TO HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ALKALINE CONDITIONS

A cementitious blend composition and a concrete mix composition preferable for making concrete resistant to high temperatures and alkaline conditions, particularly for making durable concrete for constructing an alumina digester tank in an aluminum smelter. The cementitious blend composition includes at least one hydraulic cement, silica fume (SF), and natural pozzolan (NP), wherein a weight percent ratio of at least one hydraulic cement: SF:NP in the cementitious blend composition lies in the range of (24-63): (5-44): (32-40) with the sum of the weight percentages of the at least one hydraulic cement, the SF, and the NP not exceeding 100%. The concrete mix composition comprises water and the cementitious blend composition, wherein a weight ratio of the water the cementitious blend composition is 0.2-0.5, and wherein the concrete mix composition has a content of the cementitious blend composition of 400-550 kg/m. 1. A cementitious blend composition , comprising:at least one hydraulic cement, silica fume (SF), and natural pozzolan (NP), wherein a weight percent ratio of at least one hydraulic cement: SF:NP in the cementitious blend composition lies in the range of (24-63): (5-44): (32-40) with the sum of the weight percentages of the at least one hydraulic cement, the SF, and the NP not exceeding 100%.2. The cementitious blend composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydraulic cement is at least one selected from the group consisting of a Portland cement claim 1 , a calcium aluminate cement claim 1 , a white cement claim 1 , a high-alumina cement claim 1 , a magnesium silicate cement claim 1 , a magnesium oxychloride cement claim 1 , and an oil well cement3. The cementitious blend composition of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan (NP) is at least one selected from the group consisting of metakaolin claim 1 , calcined shale claim 1 , calcined clay claim 1 , volcanic glass claim 1 , zeolitic trass or tuffs claim 1 , rice husk ash claim 1 , Diatomaceous ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM AN ALKALI METAL AND HYDROGEN DIOXIDE

A method for creating hydrogen gas comprising; providing a first quantity of hydrogen dioxide to a preparation chamber. heating a quantity of the hydrogen dioxide within a first sealed pressurized chamber, wherein the hydrogen dioxide enters a gaseous state, directing, the gaseous hydrogen dioxide into a reaction chamber, initiating a reaction between the hydrogen dioxide and a quantity of alkali fragments within a reaction chamber to produce hydrogen and an alkali hydroxide, separating the hydrogen gas from the alkali hydroxide, and recovering the hydrogen gas. 1. An apparatus for generating hydrogen gas comprising:a preparation chamber having a liquid hydrogen dioxide inlet, a heating element distal to an interior cavity of the preparation chamber, and a first end of a vapor hydrogen dioxide outlet;a mechanical pump secured to a second end of the vapor hydrogen dioxide outlet and a first end of a vapor hydrogen dioxide inlet;a disbursement member secured to a second end of the vapor hydrogen dioxide inlet; anda reaction chamber having a reaction container positioned distal to the disbursement member, and the reaction container having a byproduct outlet, and a hydrogen exhaust outlet positioned distal to the reaction container.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , an insulation element covering substantially the preparation chamber.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heating element is located within the interior cavity of the preparation chamber.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , a deareation system in fluid flow communication with the vapor hydrogen dioxide outlet.5. A method for creating hydrogen gas comprising:providing a first quantity of hydrogen dioxide to a preparation chamber;heating a quantity of the hydrogen dioxide within a first sealed pressurized chamber of the preparation chamber, wherein the first quantity of hydrogen dioxide transitions into a gaseous state;directing, the gaseous hydrogen dioxide ...

MULTI-TUBULAR CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH IGNITER FOR INITIATION OF GAS PHASE EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. 19-. (canceled)10. A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within a multi-tubular chemical reactor to produce desired product(s) , the method comprising:introducing gaseous reactants into an inlet of a gaseous flow passageway of a plurality of reactor units, each reactor unit of the plurality comprising an elongate tube having a wall with an internal surface, an external surface, and a wall interior between the internal and external surfaces, at least a portion of the wall interior adapted to function as a gas phase reaction zone, the interior surface of the wall enclosing the gaseous flow passageway having the inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the interior surface of the wall adapted to permit gas flowing through the passageway to enter the wall interior at the gas phase reaction zone;flowing at least a portion of the gaseous reactants into the as phase reaction zones of the plurality of reactor units;initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the gas phase reaction zone of at least one of the reactor units, thereby commencing the production of desired product(s) and exothermic heat; andtransferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the at least one reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units, thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within the at least one adjacent reactor unit until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units.11. The method of wherein the initiating of the exothermic reaction in the at least one reactor unit comprises heating the at least one reactor unit with at least one igniter claim 10 , the igniter comprising a radiant heat-producing ...

Plasma reactor and method of operating a plasma reactor

The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a plasma reactor for decomposition of hydrocarbons which allows stable operation over a prolonged time period. This problem is solved by a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, which comprises a reactor chamber surrounded by a reactor wall and further comprises at least one hydrocarbon inlet and an outlet. A plasma torch having at least two electrodes, which comprise a base part at a first end, is fixed to the reactor wall. At a second end, the electrodes comprise a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber, and a plasma zone is defined between the burner parts of adjacent electrodes. In a region between the plasma zone and the outlet, the hydrocarbon inlet opens into the reactor chamber, and the hydrocarbon inlet is oriented toward the plasma zone such that hydrocarbon fluid flowing therefrom is directed towards the plasma zone. In the plasma reactor disclosed herein, primarily small C particles are formed which prevent fouling or overgrowing of the reactor chamber. Furthermore some large and heavy C particles, which may statistically be formed, penetrate the plasma cloud and can attach specifically to the electrodes.

Method for producing polylactic acid

A method for producing a polylactic acid, comprising the steps of carrying out a ring-opening polymerization of lactide to give polylactic acid, adding a compound capable of inactivating a catalyst for ring-opening polymerization of the lactide at the completion of the reaction, and removing unchanged lactide from the polylactic acid product by reducing pressure and/or allowing an inert gas to pass; and a method for forming fiber or film directly from the polylactic acid produced by the invention.

Continuous process and device for the manufacture of a vinyl chloride polymer in aqueous suspension

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The process described is carried out in at least two reaction zones, plug flow of the polymerization mixture being maintained in all the reaction zones. In the first reaction zone, polymerization is carried to a conversion of not more than 10 % and, in the course thereof, the polymerization mixture is agitated suffi-ciently to establish the desired particle size morphology, preferably at a stirring energy per unit volume of 0.1 to 5 kWm-3. Particularly in the second reaction zone, the formation of polymer incrustations on the surfaces coming into contact with the polymerization mixture is prevented, preferably by ensuring that the polymerization mixture comes exclusively into contact with smooth, non-metallic surfaces. The device preferably comprises three reac-tors, all of which have a length/diameter ratio of at least 4, the first reactor standing in a vertical position and the other two reactors being in an approximately horizontal position. This makes it possible to manu-facture, over a long period, vinyl chloride polymers at good space-time yields and with a constant and good pattern of properties and a narrow particle size distri-bution.

Reaction control by regulating internal condensation inside a reactor

Methods and apparatuses for controlling exothermic reactions involving a first reactant contained in a liquid and a second reactant in a gas to form a reaction product by atomizing the liquid in an environment of a gas and removing heat of reaction by condensing vapors of the liquid in a reaction chamber. Preferably, the condensation takes place on a simultaneously atomized second liquid of lower temperature than the atomized liquid containing the first reactant. The compositions of the two liquids are preferably similar. This invention provides waste minimization and considerable environmental improvement.

Reaction control by regulating internal condensation inside a reactor

Methods and apparatuses for controlling exothermic reactions involving a first reactant contained in a liquid and a second reactant in a gas to form a reaction product by atomizing the liquid in an environment of a gas and removing heat of reaction by condensing vapors of the liquid in a reaction chamber. Preferably, the condensation takes place on a simultaneously atomized second liquid of lower temperature than the atomized liquid containing the first reactant. The compositions of the two liquids are preferably similar. This invention provides waste minimization and considerable environmental improvement.

成膜装置及び成膜方法

(57)【要約】 【課題】 超臨界状態の流体又は液体に成膜原料を混合 した原料流体を用いて薄膜を成膜する成膜装置及び成膜 方法を提供する。 【解決手段】 本発明に係る成膜装置は、形成目的とす る金属酸化物構成元素からなる縮重合体とアルコールと 超臨界状態の流体又は液体の二酸化炭素とを混合した原 料流体を供給して薄膜形成する装置である。この成膜装 置は、基板３を保持する基板ホルダー２と、この基板ホ ルダーを収容する成膜チャンバー１と、上記原料流体を 基板表面に供給する供給機構と、上記基板ホルダー２に 保持された基板３を加熱するランプヒータ４と、を具備 するものである。これにより、超臨界状態の流体又は液 体に成膜原料を混合した原料流体を用いて薄膜を成膜す ることができる。

Automated method for terminating an olefin polymerization reaction under emergency conditions

The present invention relates to a method for terminating an olefin polymerization reaction conducted in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst in a polymerization reactor under emergency conditions by automatically introducing a killing agent into the polymerization reactor the stop the polymerization reaction at a monitored increase of the polymerization temperature and/or pressure and automatically stopping the polymerization reaction at a monitored pressure drop in the vessel containing the killing agent. This method will feed the CO into the reactor independently of manual interaction e.g changing of empty CO bottles .

A PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF W-LACTAMS CONTAINING 5 TO 14 CARBON ATOMS

Process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor

An improved process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor having several reaction zones operated at a pressure of 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of 100 to 300 °C is disclosed. During operation, temperatures are measured continuously inside the autoclave reactor at specific points distributed along the reactor length, each of said measured temperatures is compared with a corresponding preset temperature and the detected deviation between each pair of preset and measured temperatures is used in regulating the amount of monomer and initiator fed into the autoclave through several feed inlets distributed along the reactor length, in order to minimize the temperature deviations and thus obtain an improved control of the polymerization process.

CONTROL OF CONTINUOUS BULK POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURES

Apparatus and method for ultrasonic treatment of a liquid

The present invention is an apparatus and method for ultrasonically treating a liquid to generate a product. The apparatus is capable of treating a continuously-flowing, or intermittently-flowing, liquid along a line segment coincident with the flow path of the liquid. The apparatus has one or more ultrasonic transducers positioned asymmetrically about the line segment. The ultrasonic field encompasses the line segment and the ultrasonic energy may be concentrated along the line segment. Lysing treatments have been successfully achieved with efficiencies of greater than 99% using ultrasound at MHz frequencies without erosion or heating problems and without the need for chemical or mechanical pretreatment, or contrast agents. The present invention overcomes drawbacks of current ultrasonic treatments beyond lysing and opens up new sonochemical and sonophysical processing opportunities.

Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av olefinpolymerer i en autoklavrektor

Polymerization method and apparatus

Polymerization of a monomer, either alone or present in major proportion with one or more comonomers present in minor proportion, is accomplished by controlling the major monomer feed rate in response to a signal representative of the production rate of the polymerization process, unless the major monomer concentration within the reaction zone exceeds a preselected high limit causing the major monomer feed rate to be controlled in response to the concentration of the major monomer within the reaction zone. The flow of recycle diluent to the reaction zone is controlled in response to the concentration of major monomer within the reaction zone unless the solids concentration within the reaction zone exceeds a preselected high limit, in which case the flow of recycle diluent to the reaction zone is controlled in response to the concentration of solids within the reaction zone. Under ordinary operating conditions, when the preselected maximums have not been exceeded, the flow of major monomer to the reaction zone is controlled in response to the polymer production rate and the flow of recycle diluent to the reaction zone is controlled in response to the concentration of major monomer within the reaction zone.

ビニル化合物重合体の製造方法

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Process for producing a vinyl polymer

In a a process for producing an intended polymer by polymerizing at least one vinyl compound, an improvement which comprises calculating the concentration of the unreacted vinyl compound in the reactor, the composition of the polymer formed, and the amount thereof from the amount of heat calculated from the heat balance of the reactor, the amounts of raw materials fed to the reactor, the reactivity ratio of the vinyl compounds and the heat of polymerization per unit amount of each of the vinyl compounds, and regulating the amounts of raw materials to be fed into the reactor in such a way that the values- thus calculated agree respectively with the predetermined target values of the polymer composition and the amount of polymer formed.

Control system for ethylene polymerization reactor

A control apparatus for a tubular polymerization reactor having a feed line for a raw material to be polymerized, a cooling circuit for cooling the reactor with a flow of coolant and exit line for a product polymerization, comprises a quality sensor for sensing the actual quality of the product in the exit line, a quality controller for receiving a desired product quality set point and comparing it with the actual quality of the product to generate a desired temperature value for the reactor, temperature sensors for determining the maximum temperature of the reactor and a temperature controller for controlling the amount of coolant supplied to the reactor by the cooling circuit. The temperature controller compares the maximum temperature of the reactor with a desired temperature value therefor corresponding to the desired quantity to control the cooling circuit accordingly. A production rate controller is also provided which controls the rate of production by regulating the amount of raw material flow to the reactor as a function of the concentration of raw material in the exit line from the reactor. The amount of catalyst supplied to the feed line is regulated as a function of raw material concentration of the feed line or flow of raw material in the feed line. The control apparatus also optimizes the process by maximizing reactor temperature, catalyst flow rate, coolant flow rate, reactor exit temperature and maximum polymerization in the reactor.

A regulation method for regulating the temperature in a reactor utilized in the polymerization of olefins

A regulating method for regulating the temperature in a reactor utilized in the polymerization of olefines

The invention relates to a regulating method for regulating the temperature in a reactor (10) utilized in the polymerization of olefines. In the method, a cooling medium is led to a cooling sleeve (11) of the reactor (10) along an inlet flow line (12) and the heated cooling medium is removed from the cooling sleeve (11) along a return flow line (14). In the method, the temperature of the reactor (10) is measured by means of at least one temperature measuring device (15,16 and 17). A temperature regulating device (18) of the reactor (10) controls a regulating device (21) for the cooling-medium inlet-flow temperature, which device regulates the cooling-medium inlet-flow temperature by controlling valves (25,26 and 27) in branch lines (22,23 and 24) positioned in the inlet flow line (12) such that the desired temperature is achieved in the flow line (12). The first branch line (22) is formed by a branch line provided with a cooling heat exchanger (28) and the second branch line (23) is formed by a branch line provided with a heating heat exchanger (29) and the third branch line (24) is formed by a by-pass flow line.

Process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor

An improved process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor having several reaction zones operated at a pressure of 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of 100 to 300 °C is disclosed. During operation, temperatures are measured continuously inside the autoclave reactor at specific points distributed along the reactor length, each of said measured temperatures is compared with a corresponding preset temperature and the detected deviation between each pair of preset and measured temperatures is used in regulating the amount of monomer and initiator fed into the autoclave through several feed inlets distributed along the reactor length, in order to minimize the temperature deviations and thus obtain an improved control of the polymerization process.

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CATALYTIC SOLIDS OF THE ZIEGLER TYPE OR SOLID COMPONENTS OF SUCH CATALYTIC SOLIDS BY OPERATING IN A SINGLE POLYFUNCTIONAL PIVOTING REACTOR.

Process for the production of polyolefins

Process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor

An improved process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor having several reaction zones operated at a pressure of 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of 100 to 300° C. is disclosed. Dunng operation, temperatures are measured continuously inside the autoclave reactor at specific points distributed along the reactor length, each of said measured temperatures is compared with a corresponding preset temperature and the detected deviation between each pair of preset and measured temperatures is used in regulating the amount of monomer and initiator fed into the autoclave through several feed inlets distributed along the reactor length, in order to minimize the temperature deviations and thus obtain an improved control of the polymerization process.

Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av olefinpolymerer i en autoklavrektor

Regleringsfoerfarande foer reglering av temperatur i en reaktor anvaend vid polymerisering av olefiner

Air-cooled heat exchangers

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

Detecting and correcting problems in liquid lifting in heat exchangers

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

Unified cooling for multiple polyolefin polymerization reactors

A system and method for startup of a polyolefin reactor temperature control system having a first reactor temperature control path, a second reactor temperature control path, and a shared temperature control path. In some embodiments, during startup the second reactor temperature control path is configured to allow the temperature of a second reactor to rise due to the heat of the exothermic polymerization reaction occurring within the reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature. In other embodiments, during startup a first reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a cooler, and a second reactor temperature control path is configured to include a heat exchanger used as a heater, to raise the temperature of the second reactor until reaching a predetermined setpoint temperature.

Process for the production of vinyl polymers

Process for bulk polymerisation or solution polymerisation of vinyl monomers in an essentially back-mixing reaction apparatus designed as a forced-circulation reactor, at a temperature between 80 and 200 DEG C, characterised in that a forced-circulation reactor section, which holds at least 50% of the circulating mixture, is designed as a shell-and-tube reactor (1) and the individual tubes of the reactor are sized so as to provide the following process conditions: - the temperature difference between the axis of an individual tube and the coolant, measured in each case in the same section of the reactor, is no more than 16.5 K, or the temperature difference between the coolant entry and the reaction mixture exit (with parallel flow) is no more than approximately 20 K, - the residence time is from 5 to 20 times the circulation time, - the final viscosity of the reaction mixture is less than 750 Pas and apparatus for carrying out the process. <IMAGE>

METHOD FOR PRODUCING IMPACT POLYSTYRENE

Regulation method for regulating the temperature in a reactor utilized in the polymerization of olefines

The invention relates to a regulation method for regulating the temperature in a reactor (10) utilized in the polymerization of olefines. A circulating gas is led to the reactor (10) along a circulating-gas flow line (11) and the circulating gas is cooled by leading part of the circulating gas flowing along a circulating-gas flow line along a by-pass flow line (22) through a cooler (23). A regulating device (21) for the circulating-gas inlet-flow temperature controls the amount of the circulating-gas by-pass flow along a circulating-gas by-pass flow line (22) through the cooler (23) such that the sum of the openings of a valve (24) in the circulating-gas flow line (11) and a valve (25) in the circulating-gas by-pass flow line (22) is maintained essentially constant in the range of 90-120%. <IMAGE>

过氧化二异丙苯缩合反应的生产设备和生产方法

一种过氧化二异丙苯缩合反应的生产设备，其包括缩合反应釜,苄醇计量槽中预定量的苄醇、预定量的催化剂、氧化液计量槽中预定量的氧化液依次投料到缩合反应釜中进行缩合反应，在缩合反应期间，如果控制系统判断出满足启动一级温度联锁控制的条件则关闭缩合反应釜循环热水阀并开启缩合反应釜循环冷却水阀，并且果控制系统判断出满足启动二级温度联锁控制的条件，则开启缩合加水阀，关闭缩合反应釜循环热水阀并且开启缩合反应釜循环冷却水阀。一种过氧化二异丙苯缩合反应的生产方法，包括在缩合反应期间执行一级温度联锁控制和二级温度联锁控制的步骤。由于在缩合反应期间采用一级和二级温度联锁控制，因而确保了缩合反应按工序安全可靠地生产。

Methods of polyolefin solids recovery

Methods for separating gaseous components, such as unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent, from polyolefin solids are provided. The methods include flowing a first stream including polyolefin solids and gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent through a portion of a gas-solid separation vessel having a volume sufficient so that polyolefin solids present in the first stream have an increased residence time within the gas-solid separation vessel to separate gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent from the polyolefin solids to produce a second stream including polyolefin solids substantially free of gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent and a third stream including the gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent. Systems for carrying out such methods are also provided.

System and method for hydrothermal upgrading of fatty acid feedstock

A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max)1. A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes.

System and method for controlling and optimizing the hydrothermal upgrading of heavy crude oil and bitumen

A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max) 1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max) 1 . A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes.

Kontinuierliches Polymerisationsverfahren und Vorrichtung dafür

微波反应装置及其应用

本发明涉及催化剂制备技术领域，公开了一种微波反应装置及其应用。该微波反应装置包括：反应腔体(1)和微波反应器(2)，所述微波反应器(2)包括微波发生器(21)和微波辐射器(22)，所述微波辐射器(22)与所述微波发生器(21)连接，用于将所述微波发生器(21)产生的微波进行辐射，所述微波辐射器(22)设置在所述反应腔体(1)的内部，且所述微波辐射器(22)上具有缝隙，使得所述微波辐射器通过缝隙漏波作用于所述反应腔体。本发明提供的微波反应装置具有辐射均匀、全向，微波辐射范围广且能够耐受高温高压等优点。

Plasma reactor and method of operating a plasma reactor

The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a plasma reactor for decomposition of hydrocarbons which allows stable operation over a prolonged period. This problem is solved by a plasma reactor (1) for cracking a hydrocarbon fluid which comprises a reactor chamber (2) which is surrounded by a reactor wall (3, 3a, 3b) and comprises at least one hydrocarbon inlet (5) and an outlet (15). A plasma burner (7) having at least two electrodes which comprise at a first end a base part (9) is fixed to the reactor wall. The electrodes comprise at a second end a burner part (11) which projects into the reactor chamber and a plasma zone (13) is defined between the burner parts of adjacent electrodes. In a region between the plasma zone and the outlet the hydrocarbon inlet opens into the reactor chamber and the hydrocarbon inlet is aligned with respect to the plasma zone such that hydrocarbon fluid issuing therefrom is conducted towards the plasma zone. In the plasma reactor disclosed herein primarily small C particles are formed which prevent fouling/closing-up of the reactor chamber. Furthermore some large and heavy C particles which may statistically be formed penetrate the plasma cloud and can attach to the electrodes in targeted fashion.

Patent JPS5947681B2

Low cost polyester process using a pipe reactor

Polyester process using a pipe reactor

The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF OLIGOMERIC ALKYLENE TEREPHTHALATES

用于丙酮合氰化氢的酰胺化方法中的水解容器

本发明涉及在丙酮合氰化氢(ACH)的酰胺化步骤期间，在用于生产甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的工业方法中使用的水解容器(200)。水解容器(200)用于采用硫酸水解丙酮合氰化氢以产生包含α-硫酸根合异丁酰胺(SIBAM)的混合物。其包括在其内部环形周边区域上的至少一个冷却系统(212、244)，并且其沿其垂直壁被划分为至少两级，优选三级，每级(S1至S3)包括ACH进料入口(201、202、203)。这样的容器允许控制混合物的均匀性和温度两者，并由此在非常安全的条件下获得水解反应的高收率。

Supervision of chemical reactions

Chemical reactions can be supervised by using temperature sensors to monitor the wall temperature of the reaction vessel in which these reactions take place. According to the invention these temperature sensors are inserted with an exact fit into openings that are made in the wall from outside so that 30 to 70% of the original wall thickness remains intact.

Methods of polyolefin solids recovery

Methods for separating gaseous components, such as unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent, from polyolefin solids are provided. The methods include flowing a first stream including polyolefin solids and gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent through a portion of a gas-solid separation vessel having a volume sufficient so that polyolefin solids present in the first stream have an increased residence time within the gas-solid separation vessel to separate gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent from the polyolefin solids to produce a second stream including polyolefin solids substantially free of gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent and a third stream including the gaseous unreacted hydrocarbon monomer and/or solvent. Systems for carrying out such methods are also provided.

Polymerization process controller

A batch polymerization process controller using inferential sensing to determine the integral reaction heat which in turn is used to indicate the degree of polymerization of the reaction mixture batch. The system uses a reaction temperature compared with a desired temperature, and the result is used as a feedback to monitor and control the process. One version of the process controller also uses a feedforward signal which is an integral reaction heat indication from a process model. In another version of the process controller, the integral reaction heat is compared with a desired integral reaction heat, and result is used as another feedback to monitor and control the process. Heat production and reaction temperature profiles may be used, along with the thermokinetic equations to determine the polymerization process and reactor models which are utilized by the process controller to optimize the polymerization process in terms of efficient use of cooling water and desired polymerization of each mixture batch.

Method of controlling polymerization temperature

Disclosed herein is a method for controlling the polymerization temperature in a polymerization apparatus equipped with a cooling system in which steam, which has occurred in the presence of a volatile liquid medium in a reaction system, is condensed in a reflux condenser and the resulting noncondensable gas and condensate are then returned to the reaction system, thereby removing the polymerization heat. A portion of the noncondensable gas is recirculated to the cooling system. The flow rate of the noncondensable gas to be recirculated and the flow rate of a cooling medium to be introduced into the reflux condenser are controlled in accordance with the temperature of the reaction system.

Continuous polymerization apparatus, polymer composition production method and injection valve

一种节能型反应釜热量控制装置及其使用方法

本发明公开一种节能型反应釜热量控制装置及其使用方法，装置包括第一加热炉，所述第一加热炉一侧设有第二加热炉，第一加热炉与第二加热炉均固定在加热炉架上，第一加热炉与第二加热炉结构相同，第一加热炉与第二加热炉一侧共同设有热循环机构，热循环机构一侧设有反应釜，反应釜上端设有反应釜盖，反应釜下端设有出液机构，反应釜一侧设有气缸，反应釜上还设有伺服电机架，反应釜盖通过伺服电机架与气缸的输出端连接，气缸控制应釜盖打开/关闭。本发明便于使用，利用不同的加热方式提高反应釜的加热效率，有利于提高反应釜的热反应效率，热量利用率高，能够重复进行加热，热量循环，压力检测准确，安全性高。