APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING NITRIC OXIDE IN CONTROLLED AND ACCURATE AMOUNTS

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

METHOD USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS TO PRODUCE A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS OR FOSSIL COAL

CONVERSION METHOD FOR GAS STREAMS CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS

An apparatus and a method of using the apparatus are provided for converting a gas stream containing hydrocarbons to a reaction product containing effluent molecules having at least one carbon atom, having at least one interior surface and at least one exterior surface, a first electrode and a second electrode with the first and second electrodes being selectively movable in relation to each other and positioned within the housing so as to be spatially disposed a predetermined distance from each other, a plasma discharge generator between the first and second electrodes, gas stream introducer and a collector for collecting the reaction product effluent produced by the reaction of the gas stream containing hydrocarbons with the plasma discharge between the first and second electrodes.

Apparatus and method for generating nitric oxide in controlled and accurate amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

Reactor

Reactor 1A includes a reaction vessel 10 having an inlet 4 for a to-be-reformed gas 2 and an outlet 8 for a reformed gas 6,a pair of electrodes 12 for plasma generation, a power source 14 for applying a voltage to the pair of electrodes 12, and a catalyst for promoting a reforming reaction, wherein one of the pair of electrodes 12 is a linear electrode 32, the other of the pair of electrodes 12 is a honeycomb electrode 34 made of a conductive ceramics, and the catalyst is loaded on the partition walls of the honeycomb electrode 34, which reactor further includes shielding members 30A placed between the linear electrode 32 and the honeycomb electrode 34, which are protruded toward the gas-introducing end face side of the honeycomb electrode 34 and prevent the inflow of the to-be-reformed gas 2 passing through a zone other than a plasma-generating zone 42.

ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХСЯ В ОСАДКЕИЗ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ НЕФТИ, И/ИЛИ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ

FIELD: plasma waste treatment to remove toxic or hazardous organic compositions, namely oil, oil products, pesticides and herbicides appeared as a result of oil spills or wrong rejection/recycling thereof, from different materials, namely from ground and natural precipitations and to remove oil from residual material accumulated on oil tank bottom. SUBSTANCE: method involves continuously loading contaminated material into one end of static reactor and removing treated material from another end thereof; using plasma system to heat material to be treated; arranging plasma system for contaminated material heating in static reactor so that the system is located in static reactor end opposite to material filling end. Contaminated material is heated up to process temperature of 400-900°C and above temperature is maintained to evaporate hydrocarbon contaminants and to generate effluent gas. Hydrocarbon evaporation is followed by control of atmosphere inside static reactor to create reductive or neutral atmosphere for valuable substance extraction from contaminated material. Means, which provide effluent gas removal from static reactor, are provided in static reactor end used for continuous contaminated material loading in reactor. The effluent gas is accumulated in condensing means at static reactor outlet to provide continuous regenerated raw material removal from another end of static reactor. Equipment for hydrocarbon removal is also disclosed. EFFECT: increased completeness of contaminant removal, provision of continuous operation, increased performance and decreased amount of gas to be treated, minimized non-condensed gas (combustion products and volatile destruction products) to provide removal of evaporated hydrocarbons from reactor without combustion or decomposition thereof and possibility to remove condensed hydrocarbons from condensing means. 4 cl, 3 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 308 997 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ A62D 3/19 (2007.01) A62D 101/20 (2007.01) B09C 1 ...

ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХСЯ В ОСАДКЕ ИЗ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ НЕФТИ, И/ИЛИ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ

Lichtbogenreaktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nanopartikeln

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lichtbogenreaktor und ein damit durchführbares Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nanopartikeln. Der Reaktor weist einen Tiegel in einem gasdichten Gehäuse auf, das eine Trägergaszuführung und beabstandet einen Trägergasaustritt aufweist. Die Trägergaszuführung ist ein Trägergaseintritt und ist auf die Seite des Tiegels gerichtet, die der Tiegelöffnung gegenüberliegt, insbesondere ist die Trägergaszuführung unterhalb des Tiegels angeordnet und auf die der Tiegelöffnung gegenüberliegende Seite des Tiegels gerichtet. Der Trägergasaustritt ist oberhalb des Tiegels angeordnet und tritt oberhalb des Tiegels aus dem Gehäuse. Der Reaktor zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Trägergasaustritt von einer in einem Abstand oberhalb des Tiegels angeordnete Haube, die vom Tiegel getrennt ist, und einem Abgasrohr gebildet wird, das die Haube mit dem Trägergasaustritt des Gehäuses verbindet. Der Lichtbogenreaktor zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sein Gehäuse zumindest einen Einlass ...

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

The invention relates to a system that uses thermal (heat-generating) solar energy coupled with microwaves and plasma for producing mainly carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, domestic waste, sludge from waste water, fossil coal), wherein the obtained gaseous mixture yields, amongst others, hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffin), esters, and alcohols via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The invention comprises in a first step the roasting and pyrolysis of the carbonated compounds in order to produce char and dry coal on the one hand, and a mixture of superheated gases mainly containing CO2, steam, tars and non-condensable volatile materials; the method comprises in a second step, and from the pyrolyis products (char or coal, gas mixture), generating a syngas substantially containing a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, said mixture being used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis units. After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis products are separated ...

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

Carbon free dissociation of water and production of hydrogen related power.

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hy-drogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

METHOD USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS FOR PRODUCING A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM A BIOMASS OR FOSSIL COAL

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie thermique (calorifique) d'origine solaire couplée à des micro-ondes et des plasmas pour produire principalement du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 à partir de composés carbonés (biomasse, ordures ménagères, boues provenant des eaux usées, charbon fossile), le mélange gazeux obtenu permet entre autres de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters, alcools par une synthèse Fischer-Tropsch. L'invention permet dans une première étape la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de composés carbonés, afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables; dans une deuxième étape, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz), le procédé permet de produire un syngaz,composé principalement d'un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et de dihydrogène ...

Device and method for producing hydrogen and oxygen

Ozonolyse of organic compounds

Device for generating hydrogen by fuel reforming using electric discharge generating plasma, comprises first cylindrical element within which reactive mixture flows, second element forming electrode tip, and continuous current generator

Dispositif et procédé de génération d'hydrogène par reformage de carburant assisté par au moins une décharge électrique générant un plasma, comprenant un premier élément cylindrique 1 à l'intérieur duquel peut s'écouler un mélange réactif, un deuxième élément 2 formant une électrode en pointe 6 disposée selon l'axe du premier élément 1, un générateur 8 de courant continu capable d'établir une différence de potentiel entre lesdits premier et deuxième éléments. Le premier élément cylindrique 1 comprend au moins une zone conductrice capable de définir avec le deuxième élément 2 une zone propice à l'établissement d'une décharge électrique, et le dispositif comprend des moyens pour faire varier continuellement la distance entre la zone conductrice du premier élément cylindrique 1 et le deuxième élément 2, de façon à faire varier la longueur des décharges électriques en fonction du débit du mélange réactif et/ou de la nature du carburant.

PLASMA PROCESS FOR REMOVING HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN SLUDGE

The present invention relates to a plasma process and equipment for eliminating toxic or hazardous organic compounds from different materials. The process and equipment can also be used to remove the hydrocarbons contained in the sludge formed at the bottom of petroleum storage tanks. The plasma process utilizes a plasma system for providing enough energy to the contaminated soil or sludge for the hydrocarbons to volatilize, keeping the temperature of the process between 400 and 900 °C. The volatilized compounds after leaving the plasma reactor are collected in condensers, where the hydrocarbons can be recovered, in the form of a liquid hydrocarbon (oil). The contaminated material is continuously fed into the reactor from end, while the clean material is removed from the other end of the reactor. The atmosphere inside the plasma reactor is maintained neutral or reducing in order to prevent the oxidation of the hydrocarbons.

Apparatus and method for generating nitric oxide in controlled and accurate amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to a device and a method of hydrogen and oxygen production and may be used in chemical industry and power engineering. The device comprises (a) a cathode unit, including a cathode electrode 3 and a nozzle 24 of the electrode, a surrounding cathode electrode 3, besides, the nozzle 24 of the electrode has the first wall 28 and the second wall 29, which form the first duct 13 and the second duct 11; and (b) at least one anode unit, comprising an anode electrode 2 and an electrode nozzle, which surrounds the anode electrode 2 and forms at least one duct. Power is supplied to the cathode electrode 3 in order to develop electric current between the cathode electrode 3 and at least one anode electrode 2 to generate an electric retaining field 5 induced by magnetic field. The flow of inert gas is supplied via the first duct 13 into the electric retaining field 5 in order to create plasma around a tip 14 of the cathode electrode 3. The flow of the vapour steam is sent via the second duct 11 into the electric retaining field 5 and plasma around the tip 14 of the cathode electrode 3 for the purpose to produce elementary hydrogen 19 and oxygen 20. EFFECT: device and method make it possible to reduce costs in production of oxygen and hydrogen and to use produced gases for generation of power, thus preventing consumption of any fossil fuels accompanied with discharge of carbon-bearing substances. 15 cl, 9 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 436 729 (13) C2 (51) МПК C01B 13/02 (2006.01) C01B 3/02 (2006.01) C25B 1/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010104010/05, 07.07.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 07.07.2008 (72) Автор(ы): ЭВАНС Джон У. (US), КОЙЛ Эдвард Л. (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВАКО, ЭлЭлСи. (US) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 06.07.2007 US 60/929,643 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.08.2011 ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА И ВОДОРОДА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ ИЛИ ИСКОПАЕМОГО УГЛЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, МИКРОВОЛН И ПЛАЗМЫ

... 1. Процесс газификации углеродосодержащих соединений для производства синтетического газа, содержащего, главным образом, СО и Н2, отличающийся тем, что содержит ! A) первый этап пиролиза соединений с преобразованием в древесный уголь и пиролизный газ в солнечном микроволновом реакторе, вызванный нагревом соединений, содержащихся в указанном солнечном микроволновом реакторе, под действием синергетической тепловой энергии, образующейся одновременно в результате нагрева стенок реактора благодаря, концентрации солнечного излучения на поверхности указанных стенок вследствие собирания или отражения и в результате действия микроволн, подаваемых непосредственно внутрь реактора и соединений, и ! B) второй этап преобразования древесного угля и пиролизного газа, поступающего из солнечного микроволнового реактора, главным образом, в СО и Н2 посредством химических окислительно-восстановительных реакций, протекающих в циклонном реакторе, причем указанный циклонный реактор обеспечивает формирование газовой ...

БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА

... 1. Устройство для получения водорода и кислорода, включающее: ! (а) узел катода, включающий катодный электрод и патрубок электрода, окружающий катодный электрод, причем патрубок электрода имеет первую стенку и вторую стенку, образующие первый проток и второй проток; и ! (b) по меньшей мере, один узел анода, включающий анодный электрод и патрубок электрода, окружающий анодный электрод и образующий, по меньшей мере, один проток. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, в котором катодный электрод включает цилиндрическую основную часть и коническую носовую часть с проводящим наконечником. ! 3. Устройство по п.2, в котором цилиндрическая основная часть и коническая носовая часть изготовлены из одного из высокотемпературных керамических материалов или изолированных металлов, а наконечник изготовлен из вольфрама. ! 4. Устройство по п.1, дополнительно включающее средство внутреннего охлаждения катодного электрода и анодного электрода с использованием жидкого хладагента. ! 5. Устройство по п.4, в котором хладагент ...

COMPACT PLASMA FUEL SHIFTING EQUIPMENT WITH LOW ENERGY LEVEL

PROCEDURE USING SOLAR POWER, MICROWAVES AND PLASMATA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LIQUID FUEL AND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM A BIOMASS OR FROM FOSSIL COAL

PROCESS USING THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COUPLEE HAS PLASMAS TO PRODUCE a LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGENE FROM BIOMASS OR OF FOSSIL COAL (PROCESS P-SL AND P-SH)

A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves; and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with superimposed or nested cyclone units, heated directly by microwaves. A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using a synergistic combination of thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation concentrated, by convergence or reflection, onto the wall surfaces and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves directed into the reactor interior and (I); and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with at least two superimposed or nested cyclone units, in which (i) a gaseous vortex entrains and oxidizes particles of (III) utilizing combustion of (IV) or an additional gas, (ii) heated gas (or gaseous mixture) is injected into the cyclone components and (iii) gas present in the reactor is heated by microwaves directed into the reactor.

Gasifying carbon compounds, e.g. biomass, to produce synthesis gas for conversion into fuels, by pyrolysis in solar-microwave reactor followed by conversion in cyclone reactor

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie calorifique d'origine solaire couplée à des plasmas pour produire du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 ou des alcools à partir de biomasse et ou de charbon fossile, afin de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters et du dihydrogène (H2). L'invention décrit un procédé et des réacteurs combinant des fours solaires, divers procédés de production de plasma (à initiation électrique, optique ou par micro-ondes), des unités de gazéification de char ou de charbon fossile. L'invention permet d'une part la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de matière première (biomasse ou charbon fossile), afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables ; d'autre part, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz surchauffés), le procédé ...

MICRO REACTION FIELD FORMATION DEVICE USING ELECTROSPRAY AND CHEMICAL REACTION CONTROL METHOD

... [Problem] To reduce a mixing volume between multiple liquid samples, thereby improving mixing speed and efficiency. [Solution] A liquid mixing method for reducing a mixing volume between multiple liquid samples to the minimum is based on electrostatic interaction between electrically charged liquid droplets generated by an electrospray method (electrostatic atomization method). Positive and negative electric potentials are supplied to two or more facing spray nozzles, and a liquid sample is supplied at a constant flow velocity, such that positively charged and negatively charged small liquid droplets (< 10μm) are sprayed from the respective nozzles, wherein electrostatic interaction between liquid droplets having opposite electric charges causes the liquid droplets to collide and be fused with one another, whereby minimization of the mixing volume and maximization of mixing speed (efficiency) can be achieved. This makes it possible to control the progress of a continuous or chain chemical ...

CATALYST WITH DISCHARGE ELECTRODE OR CARRIER

L'invention concerne un catalyseur à électrode de décharge pouvant être utilisé efficacement dans un procédé de décomposition efficace, par décharge à plasma, de substances toxiques telles que la dioxine de gaz d'échappement ; ou un support de catalyseur. Le catalyseur à électrode de décharge ou le support présente un motif en pointillé d'électrode, une électrode linéaire pouvant présenter une intersection avec elle-même, ou une électrode du type barre située sur au moins une face du catalyseur ou du support en plaque ou en feuille. Le catalyseur ou le support en plaque ou en feuille peut être fait de tissu, de carton ou de papier. L'électrode est de préférence formée au moins sur une face du catalyseur ou du support en plaque ou en feuille par impression de pâte conductrice contenant un métal tel que l'argent, par frittage de poudre métallique, par dépôt de métal en phase vapeur ou par pulvérisation cathodique de métal. La pâte conductrice peut être pâteuse. L'électrode est de préférence ...

Plasma process and appropriate equipment for the removal of hydrocarbons contained in the sludge from the petroleum storage tanks and/or the treatment of residues containing hydrocarbons

The present invention relates to a plasma process and appropriate equipment well adapted for eliminating toxic or hazardous organic compounds, such as petroleum, oils, pesticides, herbicides and various hydrocarbons, orginitated from petrochemical spills or inappropriate discard/handling, from different materials, such assail, sludges; the process and appropriate equipment can also be used to remove the hydrocarbons contained in the sludge formed at the bottom of petroleum storage tanks. The plasma process, with the appropriate equipment, object of the invention, has the following advantages as compared to the other processes used to treat similar materials: removal of the contaminants to less than 0.1% in weight of the soil or sludge; continuous operation; possibility of recovering the contaminants when desired; high energy efficiency of the process; and insignificant amount of gases to be treated. The plasma process utilizes a plasma system for providing enough energy to the contaminated ...

Process for breaking chemical bonds

A process and reactor for chemical conversion is taught. The process allows the selective breaking of chemical bonds in a molecule by use of fast rise alternating current or fast rise pulsed direct current, each fast rise portion being selected to have a suitable voltage and frequency to break a selected chemical bond in a molecule. The reactor for carrying out such a process includes a chamber for containing the molecule and a generator for generating and applying the selected fast rise current.

БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА

FIELD: energy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrogen power engineering. Device comprises a hollow cylinder, in which the nearest end hole of the cylinder is closed by cover, and far end hole of the cylinder is open, one powerful energy source, functionally connected with hollow cylinder and capable to generate high-power field with temperature between 20,000 and 40,000 °F inside high-energy field inside the hollow cylinder, means to feed in high-power field inside the hollow cylinder of steam. High-power field, generated by powerful energy source, passes through the hollow cylinder together with gaseous hydrogen generated in the hollow cylinder, and discharged through outlet hole at the far end of the hollow cylinder. EFFECT: higher efficiency and efficiency of production of hydrogen. 5 cl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01B 3/04 (13) 2 600 372 C2 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2011134388/05, 16.08.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 07.07.2008 (72) Автор(ы): ЭВАНС Джон У. (US), КОЙЛ Эдвард Л. (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВАКО, ЭлЭлСи. (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 06.07.2007 US 60/929,643 Номер и дата приоритета первоначальной заявки, из которой данная заявка выделена: 2010104010 06.07.2007 2 6 0 0 3 7 2 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2291228 C2, 10.01.2007. В.И. ИВАНОВСКИЙ, Технический углерод. Процессы и аппараты, Омск, 2004, стр.56-59. RU 2237044 С1, 27.09.2004. ЕА 002240 В1, 28.02.2002. RU 43879 U1, 10.02.2005. RU 2232829 С1, 20.07.2004. RU 2175027 С2, 20.10.2001. RU 2258097 С1, 10.08.2005. US 5082544 A, 21.01.1992. Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, строение 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" (54) БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к водородной высокоэнергетическое поле во ...

Device for plasmachemical treatment of water in a medium of electric non-self-maintained glow discharge

Carbon free dissociation of water and production of hydrogen related power

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

LOW POWER COMPACT PLASMA FUEL CONVERTER

The plasma fuel converter includes an electrically conductive structure for forming a first electrode and a second electrode is disposed to create a gap with respect to the first electrode in a reaction chamber. A fuel-air mixture is introduced into the gap and the power supply is connected to the first and second electrodes to provide voltage in the range of approximately 100 volts to 40 kilovolts and current in the range of approximately 10 milliamperes to 1 ampere to generate a glow discharge to reform the fuel. The high voltage low current plasmatron of the invention is low cost, has long electrode life, utilizes a simple power supply and control and eliminates the need for an air compressor.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING NITRIC OXIDE IN CONTROLLED AND ACCURATE AMOUNTS

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

METHOD FOR MONITORING AT LEAST ONE BUBBLE OF GAS GENERATED IN A LOCALIZED MANNER

L'invention concerne un procédé de contrôle d'au moins une bulle de gaz produite de manière localisée dans un milieu (3') autorisant le déplacement de ladite au moins une bulle de gaz, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à générer au moins une salve d'ultrasons en direction de ladite au moins une bulle de gaz, ladite au moins une salve étant émise sur une durée de salve recouvrant au moins partiellement une durée sur laquelle du gaz est effectivement produit.

FLUIDIZED BED CATALYTIC REACTOR HAVING A PLASMA GENERATION AREA

METHOD FOR MONITORING AT LEAST ONE GAS BUBBLE PRODUCED IN A LOCALIZED MANNER

L'invention concerne un procédé de contrôle d'au moins une bulle de gaz produite de manière localisée dans un milieu (3') autorisant le déplacement de ladite au moins une bulle de gaz, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à générer au moins une salve d'ultrasons en direction de ladite au moins une bulle de gaz, ladite au moins une salve étant émise sur une durée de salve recouvrant au moins partiellement une durée sur laquelle du gaz est effectivement produit. The invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one gas bubble produced locally in a medium (3 ') allowing the movement of said at least one gas bubble, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in generating at least one burst of ultrasound in the direction of said at least one gas bubble, said at least one burst being emitted over a burst duration at least partially covering a duration over which gas is actually produced.

device and method for producing hydrogen and oxygen

HIGH EFFICIENCY GLOW DISCHARGE GASEOUS PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCTION AND OTHER CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF GASES

A high efficiency plasma processing system for use in the generation of large quantities of gases, particularly hydrogen peroxide or ozone, for chemical commercial and industrial applications is based upon a homogeneous electrical glow discharge. In addition to the homogenous discharge, the high efficiency of ozone or other chemical production is achieved by exciting the discharge with high voltage pulses which have a voltage rate-of-rise in excess of 500 V/ns and incorporating an internal gas circulation system which maintains the temperature of the process gas to a level where the thermal decomposition of ozone, for example, is significantly reduced. A homogeneous and stable atmospheric glow discharge is developed by preionizing the discharge region with ultra-violet radiation, for example, immediately before the application of the main high voltage pulse across the electrodes of the discharge cell.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CHEMICAL CONVERSION

A process and reactor for chemical conversion is taught. The process allows the selective breaking of chemical bonds in a molecule by use of fast rise alternating current or fast rise pulsed direct current, each fast rise portion being selected to have a suitable voltage and frequency to break a selected chemical bond in a molecule. The reactor for carrying out such a process includes a chamber for containing the molecule and a generator for generating and applying the selected fast rise current.

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse. 1a reaction chamber enclosing two electrodes separated by a gap,a gas inlet port for introducing a gas mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen into said reaction chamber,an electronic control circuit for delivering a pulsed DC electric discharge between the two said electrodes to generate nitric oxide;a magnetic field generator proximate to said gap between the electrodes; anda gas outlet port for delivering the gas mixture from said reaction chamber.. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/229,107, filed Dec. 21, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/887,246, filed Feb. 2, 2018, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/372,552, filed Dec. 8, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,896,337, issued Feb. 20, 2018), which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/347,479, filed Mar. 26, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,573,110, issued Feb. 21, 2017), which is a US National stage entry of International Application No. PCT/US2012/058564, which designated the United States and was filed on Oct. 3, 2012, published in English, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/542,400, filed on Oct. 3, 2011.This application is also a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/375,410, filed Apr. 4, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/887,246, filed Feb. 2, 2018, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/372,552, filed Dec. 8, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,896,337, issued Feb. 20, 2018), which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/347,479, filed Mar. 26, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,573,110, issued ...

Substance modifying device and air conditioner

A substance modifying device for modifying a substance in order to reduce a bioinvasive reaction of the substance having a nanostructure, characterized by comprising plasma discharging means for discharging plasma, wherein a substance having a nanostructure is made to contact an active species which is generated through plasma discharge using the plasma discharging means and is diffused from between positive and negative electrodes of the plasma discharging means, and thus, the nanostructure of the substance is eliminated.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА И ВОДОРОДА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ ИЛИ ИСКОПАЕМОГО УГЛЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, МИКРОВОЛН И ПЛАЗМЫ

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to system exploiting solar energy along with microwaves and plasma for producing, mainly, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) from carbon compounds (biomass, domestic wastes, effluents, fossil coal). At first step, carbon compounds are subjected to drying and pyrolysis to obtain dry charcoal or coal and mix of superheated gases bearing, mainly, CO 2 , steam, pitch and noncondensable volatile matters. At second step, pyrolysis products are used to produce synthetic gas containing, mainly, mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to be used at Fischer-Tropsh synthesis plants. Then, synthesis products are separated at distillation column after heating in solar ovens or combined solar-microwave ovens. Electric power required for plasma production is generated by solar cells, windmills, electric generators operating on hydrocarbon gas not processed after distillation, and systems of power reuse at all stages of proposed process. EFFECT: production of fluid fuel, ethers and alcohols. 11 cl, 14 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 481 152 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010118427/05, 14.11.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 14.11.2008 (73) Патентообладатель(и): УГОЛИН Николас (FR) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 16.11.2007 FR 0708031 25.01.2008 FR 08/00384 (72) Автор(ы): УГОЛИН Николас (FR) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.12.2011 Бюл. № 36 2 4 8 1 1 5 2 (45) Опубликовано: 10.05.2013 Бюл. № 13 2 4 8 1 1 5 2 R U (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 16.06.2010 C 2 C 2 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 4488935 A, 18.12.1984. WO 2006/048224 A2, 11.05.2006. WO 2004/041974 A1, 21.05.2004. US 6113865 A, 05.09.2000. US 5647877 A, 15.07.1997. US 4229184 A, 21.10.1980. RU 2283289 C2, 10.09.2006. (86) Заявка PCT: FR 2008/001606 ( ...

БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА

... 1. Устройство для получения водорода, включающее:(а) полый цилиндр с ближним и дальним торцами, в котором ближнее торцевое отверстие цилиндра закрыто крышкой, а дальнее торцевое отверстие цилиндра открыто;(b) по меньшей мере, один мощный энергетический источник, функционально соединенный с полым цилиндром и способный генерировать высокоэнергетическое поле во внутреннем пространстве полого цилиндра;(с) средство подачи в высокоэнергетическое поле во внутреннем пространстве полого цилиндра водяного пара.2. Устройство по п.1, дополнительно включающее рубашку охлаждения, окружающую полый цилиндр.3. Устройство по п.1, в котором средство подачи в полый цилиндр пара включает испаритель воды.4. Устройство по п.1, в котором мощный энергетический источник подобран из группы, в которую входят лазер, высокочастотный радиоволновой излучатель, микроволновый генератор и мощный электромагнит.5. Устройство по п.4, в котором полый цилиндр изготовлен из материала, подобранного из группы, в которую входят изолированная ...

Plasma generating electrode, its manufacturing method, and plasma reactor

A plasma generating electrode 1 includes at least two plate-shaped unit electrodes 2 each of which faces each other and is capable of generating plasma upon application of a voltage between the unit electrodes 2, at least one of the unit electrodes 2 each of which faces each other including a plate-shaped ceramic dielectric 3 having a plurality of grooves 5 and/or a plurality of recesses 6 formed in at least one surface, and a conductive film 4 disposed inside the ceramic dielectric 3, the plasma generating electrode 1 capable of generating high-density plasma at edges 9 formed by a surface 21 of the ceramic dielectric 3 and side surfaces 22 of the grooves 5 and/or the recesses 6 upon application of a voltage between the unit electrodes 2, the high-density plasma having a density higher than that of plasma generated between the unit electrodes 2 in an area other than the vicinity of the edges 9.

REACTOR

A reactor includes a reaction vessel having an inlet for to-be-reformed gas and an outlet for reformed gas, a pair of electrodes for plasma generation, disposed in the internal space of the reactor vessel so as to face each other, a power source for applying a voltage to the pair of electrodes, and a catalyst for promoting the reforming reaction of to-be-reformed gas, wherein one of the pair of electrodes is a linear electrode, the other of the pair of electrodes is a honeycomb electrode made of a conductive ceramics, the catalyst is loaded on the partition walls of the honeycomb electrode, and the ratio of the maximum outer diameter d1 of each cell-opening end face of the honeycomb electrode to the length L1 of the honeycomb electrode in the cell-extending direction is in a range of 0.50 to 1.2.

Device for implementing a gasification process of a substrate containing carbon to produce a syngas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprises a solar microwave reactor for pyrolysis/torrefaction, and a cyclonic reactor

METHOD USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS FOR PRODUCING A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM A BIOMASS OR FOSSIL COAL

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse. 18-. (canceled)9. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide comprising:(i) a plasma chamber;(ii) a pair of electrodes located in the plasma chamber and separated by a gap;(iii) a controller in communication with the electrodes to generate an electric arc discharge across the gap;wherein the electric arc discharge across the gap determines a concentration of nitric oxide generated.10. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising an inlet to provide a reactant gas comprising nitrogen and oxygen to the plasma chamber and an outlet to provide a product gas comprising nitric oxide.11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the plasma chamber arranged between the inlet and the outlet.12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured to control at least one of a frequency of the electric arc discharge and/or a duration of the electric arc discharge independent of the frequency.13. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the product gas containing nitric oxide is generated using a flow of the reactant gas through the plasma chamber.14. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising a flow device to provide flow of the reactant gas through the reaction chamber.15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the flow device is selected from the group consisting of: a flow sensor measuring gas flow from an external regulated source to produce the known gas flow claim 14 , a pump system operating to produce the known gas flow without flow sensing claim 14 , a control valve claim 14 , and a pump system with a flow sensor system providing feedback control of the pump system to produce the known gas flow.16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the flow ...

KOMPAKTES PLASMA- BRENNSTOFFUMSETZGERÄT MIT NIEDRIGEM ENERGIEPEGEL

Improvements relating to oxygenated organic compounds

Oxygenated organic compounds are prepared by reacting an organic compound (as hereinafter defined) in the liquid state with a reactive oxygen-containing gas continuously produced by the influence of a continuous silent electric discharge on a feed gas containing free oxygen, the discharge being produced by electrodes forming parts of an ozone generator, the feed gas and the organic compound being continuously introduced into the generator in countercurrent flow, the organic compound always being present in sufficient quantity to react with the reactive gas as rapidly as the latter is formed, and continuously withdrawing the oxygenated compound produced. The organic compounds which may be oxygenated are unsaturated aliphatic mono- and poly-carboxylic acids such as acrylic, crotonic, hexadecenoic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic and ricininoleic acids; esters of such acids, e.g. maleic esters; unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde and ...

Conversion method for gas streams containing hydrocarbons

Process and apparatus for chemical conversion

PLASMA PROCESS AND APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN THE SLUDGE FROM PETROLEUM STORAGE TANKS AND/OR THE TREATMENT OF RESIDUES CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS

The present invention relates to a plasma process and equipment for eliminating toxic or hazardous organic compounds from different materials. The process and equipment can also be used to remove the hydrocarbons contained in the sludge formed at the bottom of petroleum storage tanks. The plasma process utilizes a plasma system for providing enough energy to the contaminated soil or sludge for the hydrocarbons to volatilize, keeping the temperature of the process between 400 and 900 ~C. The volatilized compounds after leaving the plasma reactor are collected in condensers, where the hydrocarbons can be recovered, in the form of a liquid hydrocarbon (oil). The contaminated material is continuously fed into the reactor from end, while the clean material is removed from the other end of the reactor. The atmosphere inside the plasma reactor is maintained neutral or reducing in order to prevent the oxidation of the hydrocarbons.

CARBON FREE DISSOCIATION OF WATER AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN RELATED_POWER

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hy-drogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

FLUIDIZED BED CATALYTIC REACTOR COMPRISING A PLASMA GENERATOR AREAL

Un réacteur catalytique à lit fluidisé (10) comprend une enceinte (12) ayant des conduites d'entrée et de sortie de gaz (18, 20), un lit catalytique fluidisé (24) logé dans l'enceinte (12), et un dispositif de génération de plasma par décharge à barrière diélectrique (26) logé dans le lit catalytique (24). Le dispositif de génération de plasma (26) comporte un élément diélectrique (28) dans le lit catalytique (24) et comprenant une première et une seconde faces opposées, et une première et une seconde électrodes (30, 40) montées de manière asymétrique respectivement sur la première et la seconde faces l'élément diélectrique (28). Au moins l'une des première et seconde électrodes (30, 40) comprend un tube apte à être connecté à un circuit de circulation de fluide.

Procedure for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and oxidant products uses electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma in a spiral reagent flow

The procedure consists of creating a reaction in a cylindrical chamber (100) between hydrocarbon and oxidant products in a spiral flow, using an electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma, the discharge being selected so that the plasma is moved by the products to occupy the major part of the chamber. The discharge is produced by a high-tension generator fed by a low-tension current source and comprises a single or double resonance converter. The spiral flow of the products is created by a tangential injection of at least one of the reagents through one or more injectors that are preferably spaced at even intervals round the axis of the chamber, and possibly in groups. The reagents are introduced in the form of gases, either separately or pre-mixed.

CATALYST WITH DISCHARGE ELECTRODE OR CARRIER

A catalyst with a discharge electrode effectively applicable to a method for efficiently decomposing harmful substances such as dioxin in exhaust by plasma discharge, or a carrier for catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst with a discharge electrode or the carrier has a dotted pattern of electrode, a linear electrode which may intersect itself, or a bar-like electrode at least on one side of the plate-like or sheet-like catalyst or the carrier. The plate-like or sheet-like catalyst or carrier may be a cloth, board, or paper catalyst or carrier. The electrode is preferably formed at least on one side of the plate- like or sheet-like catalyst or carrier by printing conductive printing ink containing a metal such as silver, sintering a metal powder, vapor-depositing a metal, or sputtering a metal. The conductive ink may be pasty. A preferable shape of the electrode is comb-teeth.

CONVERSION METHOD FOR GAS STREAMS CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS

An apparatus and a method of using the apparatus are provided for converting a gas stream containing hydrocarbons to a reaction product containing effluent molecules having at least one carbon atom, having at least one interior surface and at least one exterior surface, a first electrode and a second electrode with the first and second electrodes being selectively movable in relation to each other and positioned within the housing so as to be spatially disposed a predetermined distance from each other, a plasma discharge generator between the first and second electrodes, gas stream introducer and a collector for collecting the reaction product effluent produced by the reaction of the gas stream containing hydrocarbons with the plasma discharge between the first and second electrodes.

PROCESS USING THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COUPLEE HAS PLASMAS TO PRODUCE a LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGENE FROM BIOMASS OR OF FOSSIL COAL (PROCESS P-SL AND PS)

A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves; and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with superimposed or nested cyclone units, heated directly by microwaves. A method for gasifying carbon compounds (I) to produce synthesis gas (II) involves: (A) pyrolyzing (I) to give carbon (III) and gas (IV) in a solar-microwave reactor (1), using a synergistic combination of thermal energy from (i) heating of the reactor wall (1a) by solar radiation concentrated, by convergence or reflection, onto the wall surfaces and (ii) 1-300 GHz microwaves directed into the reactor interior and (I); and (B) converting (III) and (IV) into (II) by oxidoreductive reactions in a cyclone reactor, with at least two superimposed or nested cyclone units, in which (i) a gaseous vortex entrains and oxidizes particles of (III) utilizing combustion of (IV) or an additional gas, (ii) heated gas (or gaseous mixture) is injected into the cyclone components and (iii) gas present in the reactor is heated by microwaves directed into the reactor.

ELEMENTS OF DEVICES FOR a PROCESS USING THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COUPLEE HAS PLASMAS TO PRODUCE a LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGENE FROM BIOMASS OR OF FOSSIL COAL

DEPOSITION OF NANOSCALE METALS, SEMIMETALS AND COMPOUNDS OF SAID METALS AND/OR SEMIMETALS ON THE BOUNDARY SURFACE BETWEEN A LOW TEMPERATURE DISCHARGE AND AN IONIC LIQUID

The invention relates to methods for producing particles comprising metals, semiconductors, metallic compounds or semiconductor compounds with diameters in the nanometer range. According to said methods, an electrochemically reducible precursor substance is dissolved in an ionic liquid, and is either reduced by free electrons in a plasma phase or is reacted with particles from the plasma phase. The particles obtained by the inventive method can be used, for example, as additives for polymers for coating medical instruments or as electrochemical catalysts. The particles can optionally be bound to or onto a substrate.

ELECTRIC ARC APPARATUS FOR MAKING FULLERENES

A high temperature, electric arc reactor chamber between a consumable carbon anode and a cooled cathode produces atomized carbon ejected from the chamber in gaseous velocity visible streams in which single wall nanohorns form as the gaseous carbon cools away from the chamber. To achieve a pressurized atomized carbon atmosphere in the reactor chamber between the anode and cathode and to achieve an arc over the entire electrode areal surfaces, the anode and cathode have matching surfaces maintained with a constant gap across the surfaces. By design, the gap is very small, resulting in the white-hot anode that is consumed at a high anode feed rate. A non-air gas envelopes the reactor chamber and surrounding regions, which isolates the reactor chamber and jet streams from surrounding air. The gas also carries the formed nanohorns into a reduced ("vacuum") that collects and sorts nanhorns by size.

BIOINVASIVE REACTION REDUCING METHOD

PLASMA GENERATING ELECTRODE, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND PLASMA REACTOR

A plasma generating electrode 1 includes at least two plate-shaped unit electrodes 2 each of which faces each other and is capable of generating plasma upon application of a voltage between the unit electrodes 2, at least one of the unit electrodes 2 each of which faces each other including a plate-shaped ceramic dielectric 3 having a plurality of grooves 5 and/or a plurality of recesses 6 formed in at least one surface, and a conductive film 4 disposed inside the ceramic dielectric 3, the plasma generating electrode 1 capable of generating high-density plasma at edges 9 formed by a surface 21 of the ceramic dielectric 3 and side surfaces 22 of the grooves 5 and/or the recesses 6 upon application of a voltage between the unit electrodes 2, the high-density plasma having a density higher than that of plasma generated between the unit electrodes 2 in an area other than the vicinity of the edges 9.

LOW POWER COMPACT PLASMA FUEL CONVERTER

The plasma fuel converter includes an electrically conductive structure for forming a first electrode and a second electrode is disposed to create a gap with respect to the first electrode in a reaction chamber. A fuel-air mixture is introduced into the gap and the power supply is connected to the first and second electrodes to provide voltage in the range of approximately 100 volts to 40 kilovolts and current in the range of approximately 10 milliamperes to 1 ampere to generate a glow discharge to reform the fuel. The high voltage low current plasmatron of the invention is low cost, has long electrode life, utilizes a simple power supply and control and eliminates the need for an air compressor.

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Oxydation von organischen Verbindungen mit einem ozonhaltigen Gasgemisch

Lichtbogenreaktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nanopartikeln

Lichtbogenreaktor zur Herstellung von Nanopartikeln aus einer Rohstoffschmelze mit einem Gehäuse (1), in dem ein mit einer Anode (4) verbundener Tiegel (3) und eine vom Tiegel (3) beabstandete Kathode (6) angeordnet sind, mit einer unterhalb des Tiegels (3) in das Gehäuse (1) eintretenden Trägergaszuführung (2) und einem oberhalb des Tiegels (3) aus dem Gehäuse (1) austretenden Trägergasaustritt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Abstand oberhalb des Tiegels (3) eine vom Tiegel (3) getrennte Haube (7) innerhalb des Gehäuses (1) angeordnet ist, deren endständiger Querschnitt zumindest die Öffnung (5) des Tiegels (3) überspannt, dass die Haube (7) mittels eines Abgasrohrs (8) mit dem Trägergasaustritt verbunden ist und dass das Gehäuse (1) zumindest einen auf einen Zwischenraum zwischen Tiegel (3) und Haube (7) gerichteten Einlass für Kühlgas (19) aufweist. Arc reactor for the production of nanoparticles from a raw material melt with a housing (1) in which a crucible (3) connected to an anode (4) and a cathode (6) spaced from the crucible (3) are arranged, with a housing (1) below the crucible ( 3) into the housing (1) entering carrier gas supply (2) and a carrier gas outlet exiting from the housing (1) above the crucible (3), characterized in that at a distance above the crucible (3) a separate from the crucible (3) Hood (7) is arranged within the housing (1), the end cross-section of which spans at least the opening (5) of the crucible (3), that the hood (7) is connected to the carrier gas outlet by means of an exhaust pipe (8) and that the housing (1) has at least one inlet for cooling gas (19) directed towards an intermediate space between crucible (3) and hood (7).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BULK QUANTITIES OF NANO-SIZED MATERIALS BY ELECTROTHERMAL GUN SYNTHESIS

A process for synthesizing nanosized powders utilizes a hybrid exploding wire device containing a solid metal wire fuse in the bore of a tube that is open at each end. The ends of the fuse are connected to electrodes on the ends of the tube. The electrodes are designed to erode to maintain a heavy metal plasma. The bore may comprise a corresponding ceramic to be produced, and a microcrystalline powder of a corresponding ceramic may be retained within the bore. An electrical discharge vaporizes and ionizes the fuse. The tube confines the radial expansion of the plasma such that the plasma exits from both ends of the tube where it reacts with a suitable gas to form nanoscale particles. In addition, the plasma gas ablates and vaporizes a portion of the bore wall to contribute to the nanoceramic synthesis. Other alternatives include replacing the fuse with a thin conductive sheath or a consumable metal insert.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

An apparatus for production of synthesis gas with high capacity is described, which is especially achieved by rapid conversion and long uninterrupted operation. The apparatus has the following: a reactor (1) with a reactor chamber (2) having at least one first inlet (5) in conjunction with a source for hydrocarbon fluid and at least one outlet (15); also a plasma burner (7) with a burner section (11) designed to generate a plasma; and at least one second inlet (6) in conjunction with a source for CO2 or H2O. The reactor chamber (2) defines a flow path from the first inlet (5) to the outlet (15), wherein the burner section (11), with regard to the flow path, is arranged between the first inlet (5) for hydrocarbon fluid and the second inlet (6) for CO2 or H2O; and wherein the second inlet (6), with regard to the flow path, is arranged such that it is at a point where between 90% and 95% of the hydrocarbon fluid has been thermally broken down. Also described is a process for operating an apparatus ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING NITRIC OXIDE IN CONTROLLED AND ACCURATE AMOUNTS

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

The invention relates to a system that uses thermal (heat-generating) solar energy coupled with microwaves and plasma for producing mainly carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, domestic waste, sludge from waste water, fossil coal), wherein the obtained gaseous mixture yields, amongst others, hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffin), esters, and alcohols via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The invention comprises in a first step the roasting and pyrolysis of the carbonated compounds in order to produce char and dry coal on the one hand, and a mixture of superheated gases mainly containing CO2, steam, tars and non-condensable volatile materials; the method comprises in a second step, and from the pyrolyis products (char or coal, gas mixture), generating a syngas substantially containing a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, said mixture being used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis units. After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis products are separated ...

Substance modifying device and air conditioner

A substance modifying device for modifying a substance in order to reduce a bioinvasive reaction of the substance having a nanostructure, characterized by comprising plasma discharging means for discharging plasma, wherein a substance having a nanostructure is made to contact an active species which is generated through plasma discharge using the plasma discharging means and is diffused from between positive and negative electrodes of the plasma discharging means, and thus, the nanostructure of the substance is eliminated.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Erzeugung von Stickstoffmonoxid

Carbon free dissociation of water and production of hydrogen related power

High efficiency glow discharge gaseous processing system for hydrogen peroxide production and other chemical processing of gases

PROCESS USING SOLAR ENERGY, MICROWAVES AND PLASMAS TO PRODUCE A LIQUID FUEL AND HYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS OR COAL

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie thermique (calorifique) d'origine solaire couplée à des micro-ondes et des plasmas pour produire principalement du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 à partir de composés carbonés (biomasse, ordures ménagères, boues provenant des eaux usées, charbon fossile), le mélange gazeux obtenu permet entre autres de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters, alcools par une synthèse Fischer-Tropsch. L'invention permet dans une première étape la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de composés carbonés, afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables; dans une deuxième étape, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz), le procédé permet de produire un syngaz,composé principalement d'un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et de dihydrogène ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING NITRIC OXIDE IN CONTROLLED AND ACCURATE AMOUNTS

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

PROCESS USING THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COUPLEE HAS PLASMAS TO PRODUCE a LIQUID FUEL AND DIHYDROGENE FROM BIOMASS OR OF FOSSIL COAL (PROCESS P-SL AND P-SH)

Cette invention consiste en un système permettant d'utiliser l'énergie calorifique d'origine solaire couplée à des plasmas pour produire du monoxyde de carbone (CO), du dihydrogène H2 ou des alcools à partir de biomasse et ou de charbon fossile, afin de produire des carburants de types hydrocarbures (oléfines paraffines), esters et du dihydrogène (H2).L'invention décrit un procédé et des réacteurs combinant des fours solaires, divers procédés de production de plasma (à initiation électrique, optique ou par micro-ondes), des unités de gazéification de char ou de charbon fossile. L'invention permet d'une part la torréfaction et la pyrolyse de matière première (biomasse ou charbon fossile), afin de produire d'une part, du char ou du charbon sec et un mélange de gaz surchauffés contenant principalement du CO2, de la vapeur eau, des goudrons et des matières volatiles incondensables ; d'autre part, à partir des produits de la pyrolyse (char ou charbon, mélange de gaz surchauffés), le procédé permet de produire un syngas ,composé principalement d'un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et de dihydrogène, mélange qui sera utilisé dans des unités de synthèse Fischer-Tropsch. Les produits de la synthèse seront séparés par une colonne de distillation après chauffage dans des fours solaires ou des fours mixtes (solaire / micro-ondes). L'énergie électrique nécessaire à la production du plasma sera produite grâce à des panneaux solaires, des éoliennes, des groupes électrogènes fonctionnant à partir de gaz d'hydrocarbures non valorisables après distillation, et des systèmes de récupération de l'énergie thermique sur l'ensemble du procédé. This invention is a system for using solar energy heat coupled with plasmas to produce carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen dihydrogen H2 or alcohols from biomass and / or fossil coal, in order to produce hydrocarbons (olefins paraffins), esters and dihydrogen (H2) fuels .The invention describes a process ...

CARBON FREE DISSOCIATION OF WATER AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN RELATED POWER

물을 수소 원소 및 산소 원소로 해리하기 위한 플라즈마 필드를 생성하는 장치가 제공된다. 수소 원소는 전력을 생산하는데 직접 이용될 수 있거나, 또는 에너지원 혹은 상품으로서 저장될 수 있다. 본 발명의 장치는 현장에서 수소 원소를 생산하기 위한 현장 소스로서 제공될 수 있다. 또한, 이러한 장치는 네트 포지티브 에너지 출력을 만들 수 있다.

Plasmareaktor und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Plasmareaktors

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Plasmareaktor zur Zersetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen vorzusehen, der einen stabilen Betrieb über einen längeren Zeitraum gestattet. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Plasmareaktor zum Aufspalten eines Kohlenwasserstofffluids, der eine Reaktorkammer aufweist, die von einer Reaktorwand umschlossen ist und wenigstens einen Kohlenwasserstoffeinlass und einen Auslass aufweist. Ein Plasmabrenner mit wenigstens zwei Elektroden, die an einem ersten Ende einen Basisteil aufweisen, ist an der Reaktorwand befestigt. Die Elektroden weisen an einem zweiten Ende einen Brennerteil auf, der in die Reaktorkammer ragt, und eine Plasmazone ist zwischen den Brennerteilen von benachbarten Elektroden definiert. In einem Bereich zwischen der Plasmazone und dem Auslass mündet der Kohlenwasserstoffeinlass in die Reaktorkammer, und der Kohlenwasserstoffeinlass ist zur Plasmazone so ausgerichtet, dass daraus ausströmendes Kohlenwasserstofffluid zur Plasmazone hin geleitet ...

Hydrogen and elemental carbon production from natural gas and other hydrocarbons

PLASMA GENERATING ELECTRODE, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND PLASMA REACTOR

A plasma generating electrode (1) having two or more plate-shaped unit electrodes (2) opposed to each other and adapted to generate a plasma when a voltage is applied between the unit electrodes (2). At least one of the unit electrodes (2) includes a plate-shaped ceramic dielectric body (3) where at least one of the surfaces has grooves (5) and/or recesses and a conductive film (4) provided inside the ceramic dielectric body (3). When a voltage is applied between the unit electrodes (2), at edge potions (9) formed by the surface of the ceramic dielectric body (3) and the side surfaces of the grooves (5) and/or recesses, a plasma having a density higher than that of the plasma generated between the unit electrodes except for the edge portions (9) and its vicinities can be generated.

Method for controlling at least one gas bubble produced in a localised manner

The invention concerns a method for controlling at least one gas bubble produced in a localised manner in a medium (3′) allowing the movement of said at least one gas bubble, characterised in that it comprises a step consisting of generating at least one ultrasound burst towards said at least one gas bubble, said at least one burst being emitted for a burst duration at least partially covering a duration during which said gas is effectively being produced.

Reactor for reforming reactions

A reactor 1A includes a reaction vessel 10 having an inlet 4 for to-be-reformed gas 2 and an outlet 8 for reformed gas 6, a pair of electrodes 12 for plasma generation, disposed in the internal space of the reactor vessel 10 so as to face each other, a power source 14 for applying a voltage to the pair of electrodes 12, and a catalyst for promoting the reforming reaction of to-be-reformed gas 2, wherein one of the pair of electrodes 12 is a linear electrode 32, the other of the pair of electrodes 12 is a honeycomb electrode 34A made of a conductive ceramics, the catalyst is loaded on the partition walls of the honeycomb electrode 34A, and the ratio of the maximum outer diameter d1 of each cell-opening end face of the honeycomb electrode 34A to the length L1 of the honeycomb electrode 34A in the cell-extending direction is in a range of 0.50 to 1.2.

水を単体ガスに使用箇所で安価かつカーボンフリーに解離して水素関連発電を行う装置

Elektrochemisches Verfahren zur Abscheidung von nanoskaligen Metallen, Halbmetallen und Verbindungen dieser Metalle und/oder Halbmetalle an der Grenzfläche zwischen einer Niedertempereturentladung und einer ionischen Flüssigkeit

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschreibt Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln, umfassend Metalle, Halbleiter, Metallverbindungen oder Halbleiterverbindungen mit Durchmessern im Nanometerbereich. Hierzu wird eine elektrochemisch reduzierbare Vorläufersubstanz in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit gelöst und in einer Plasmaphase entweder durch freie Elektronen reduziert oder mit Teilchen aus der Plasmaphase zur Reaktion gebracht. Die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhältlichen Partikel können beispielsweise als Additive für Polymere zur Beschichtung medizinischer Instrumente oder als elektrochemische Katalysatoren verwendet werden. Optional können die Partikel an oder auf einem Substrat gebunden werden.

COMPOUND ANNULAR NON-THERMAL PLASMA REACTOR CORE

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume.

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Synthesegas

Eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas mit hoher Kapazität wird beschrieben, die insbesondere durch schnelle Umwandlung und langen unterbrechungsfreien Betrieb erreicht wird. Die Vorrichtung weist Folgendes auf: einen Reaktor (1) mit einer Reaktorkammer (2) auf, die wenigstens einen ersten Einlass (5) in Verbindung mit einer Quelle für Kohlenwasserstoff-Fluid und wenigstens einen Auslass (15) aufweist; weiter einen Plasmabrenner (7) mit einen Brennerteil (11), der zum Erzeugen eines Plasmas ausgebildet ist; und wenigstens einen zweiten Einlass (6) in Verbindung mit einer Quelle für CO2 oder H2O. Die Reaktorkammer (2) definiert einen Strömungsweg vom ersten Einlass (5) zum Auslass (15), wobei der Brennerteil (11) bezüglich des Strömungswegs zwischen dem ersten Einlass (5) für Kohlenwasserstoff-Fluid und dem zweiten Einlass (6) für CO2 oder H2O angeordnet ist; und wobei der zweite Einlass (6) bezüglich des Strömungswegs so angeordnet ist, dass er sich an einem Ort befindet, an dem ...

DEVICE FOR PLASMACHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER IN A MEDIUM OF ELECTRIC NON-SELF-MAINTAINED GLOW DISCHARGE

Device for plasma-chemical treatment of fluid in a medium of an electrical glow discharge, comprising a reaction chamber (1), at least two annular electrodes (internal 31, and external 30) arranged coaxially with a clearance for initiation of the glow discharge, means (14) for simultaneously applying an electric potential to the electrodes (31, 30) which comprises a source of an operating impulse voltage and ionization impulse voltage having a split connection with each of the electrodes (31, 30), a cooling jacket (7) placed on the outer side of the reaction chamber (1), means (6) for feeding the water into the reaction chamber (1), and means (4) for vacuum development inside the reaction chamber (1).

COMPOUND ANNULAR NON-THERMAL PLASMA REACTOR CORE

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume. 1. A non-thermal plasma reactor system comprising:an outer member;a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve defining a central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being dimensionally smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume between the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve and the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary, the inner surface boundary being coaxial with the outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume;dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; andat least a first electrode extending within the sleeve volume and at least a second electrode coupled to the inner member sleeve, the first and second electrodes configured to exert electrical ...

GAS REFORMING DEVICE

A gas reforming device that efficiently generates reform gas is provided. The gas reforming device includes: a flow passage forming body which a flow passage through which process gas flows is formed; a cathode provided on a cross section of the flow passage; an anode that is provided apart from the cathode, and includes a bar-like portion; and a pulse power supply that applies a pulse voltage to between the cathode and the first anode. The cathode includes: an opening array body that has at least a surface thereof made of an insulator, and has a planar structure in which openings through which the process gas passes are arrayed; and a grounding electrode provided on a peripheral portion of the flow passage. A tip end of the bar-like portion of the anode is located in an inside of the flow passage of the process gas, and is spaced apart from the opening array body in a direction parallel to a direction where the process gas flows. The grounding electrode is provided at a position of contacting ...

Plasma process and appropriate equipment for the removal of hydrocarbons contained in the sludge from petroleum storage tanks and/or the treatment of residues containing hydrocarbons

CARBON FREE DISSOCIATION OF WATER AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN RELATED POWER

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output. COPYRIGHT KIPO & WIPO 2010 ...

LOW POWER COMPACT PLASMA FUEL CONVERTER

The plasma fuel converter includes an electrically conductive structure for forming a first electrode and a second electrode is disposed to create a gap with respect to the first electrode in a reaction chamber. A fuel-air mixture is introduced into the gap and the power supply is connected to the first and second electrodes to provide voltage in the range of approximately 100 volts to 40 kilovolts and current in the range of approximately 10 milliamperes to 1 ampere to generate a glow discharge to reform the fuel. The high voltage low current plasmatron of the invention is low cost, has long electrode life, utilizes a simple power supply and control and eliminates the need for an air compressor.

Apparatus for method of treating exhaust gas

An exhaust gas treating apparatus 1 includes: a case body 2 and a plasma producing means 3 capable of producing plasma inside the case body 2 and treats the substances to be treated contained in the exhaust gas by the plasma producing means 3. The plasma producing means 3 has one or more each of a pulse electrode 4 and a ground electrode 5 that are oppositely disposed in the case body 2 and has a pulse power source 6 capable of feeding a pulse current to the pulse electrode 4 by switching frequency and/or voltage for different values at predetermined time intervals. The substances to be treated contained in the exhaust gas can selectively be treated by switching frequency and/or voltage value for different values at predetermined time intervals so that plasma of a kind adequate for the substances to be treated contained in an exhaust gas is produced between the pulse electrode 4 and the ground electrode 5.

High voltage electrostatic field for treatment of flowing liquids

The present invention comprises an insertion type electrode adapted to operate at modulated high voltages by use of a thin layer polyer as a dielectric.

PLASMA REACTOR AND METHOD FOR DECOMPOSING A HYDROCARBON FLUID

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse. 1. (canceled)2. A nitric oxide generation system , comprising:a plasma chamber including two electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing nitric oxide using a flow of a reactant gas through the plasma chamber;a controller configured to regulate the amount of nitric oxide generated in the product gas by the two electrodes in the plasma chamber using one or more parameters as input to a control algorithm, at least one of the one or more parameters being related to the flow rate of the reactant gas into the plasma chamber;in input for connection to an external a pressurized reactant gas source to provide reactant gas to the plasma chamber;a control valve positioned between the reactant gas source and the plasma chamber and configured to provide a flow of the reactant gas from the reactant gas source based on a measurement associated with a medical gas into which the product gas flows; and{'sub': '2', 'a filter configured to remove NOfrom the product gas generated by the plasma chamber,'}wherein the concentration of NO in the combined product gas and medical gas is a target value.3. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 2 , wherein the measurement associated with the medical gas is the flow rate of the medical gas such that the air flow of the reactant gas through the plasma chamber is proportional to the flow rate of the medical gas.4. A nitric oxide generation system claim 2 , comprising:a plasma chamber including two electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing nitric oxide using a flow of a reactant gas through the plasma chamber;a controller configured to regulate the amount of nitric oxide generated in the ...

DECONTAMINATION AND STERILIZATION DEVICE WITH FLEXIBLE ENCLOSING COVER USING PLASMA AND REACTIVE GAS

A device for removing toxic or harmful materials from an inside sealed by a sealed-type flexible enclosing cover, wherein the contaminated surface of the subject of decontamination is covered with the enclosing cover and a reactive gas is introduced thereto, and particularly to a decontamination and sterilization device, wherein a plasma generator is fixed to a enclosing cover and a plasma gas containing an active radical generated from the plasma generator is introduced to the inside sealed by the enclosing cover together with a reactive gas having a hydroxyl group such as hydrogen peroxide (HO), water (HO), or an alcohol (CHOH) to thus increase the production of a reactive radical, whereby the plasma and the reactive gas are intensively applied to the inside sealed by the enclosing cover, thus increasing the contact with contaminants and realizing more efficient decontamination. 1. A decontamination and sterilization device , comprising:an enclosing cover composed of a non-conductive flexible material and configured to cover and seal a portion of a surface of a subject of decontamination contaminated with a chemical weapon or a biological weapon, without coming into contact with the surface of the subject of decontamination; andreactive decontamination gas generators spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance on the enclosing cover and configured such that a plasma gas and a reactive gas for producing an active radical are simultaneously or independently sprayed to an inside sealed by the enclosing cover via a spray outlet,wherein each of the reactive decontamination gas generators includes an electrode structure configured such that a metal tube-type internal electrode, which receives external air via a first inflow path formed at one end thereof to generate plasma, is housed in an external electrode.2. The decontamination and sterilization device of claim 1 , wherein the internal electrode communicates with a second inflow path through which the ...

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse. 18-. (canceled)9. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide comprising:(i) a reaction chamber;(ii) an inlet to provide a flow of reactant gas comprising nitrogen and oxygen to the reaction chamber;(iii) a pair of electrodes located in the reaction chamber and separated by a gap;(iv) a flow meter for measuring a gas flow from an external regulated source to determine the flow of the reactant gas through the reaction chamber;(v) an electronic control circuit in communication with the flow meter and the electrodes to generate an electric arc discharge across the gap, wherein the electronic control circuit is configured to control a pulse frequency of the electric arc discharge and a pulse duration of the electric arc discharge independent of the frequency; and wherein the electric arc discharge across the gap determines a concentration of nitric oxide generated in the reactant gas to produce a product gas comprising nitric oxide; and(vi) an outlet for the product gas comprising nitric oxide.10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the electronic control circuit is configured to provide a constant current during the electric discharge.11. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising a gas pump.12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the flow meter is positioned between the inlet and the reaction chamber.13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the flow meter is configured to provide the flow of the reactant gas based on a measurement associated with a medical gas into which the product gas flows.14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the measurement associated with the medical gas is a flow rate of the medical gas such that the flow of the reactant gas ...

Multi-mode reactor for non-thermal plasma ion direct injection

A plasma reactor comprises a housing, a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, a first electric field generator, and an effluent outlet. The housing includes an axial aligned passageway and an internal reactor chamber coupled with the passageway. The first fluid inlet receives and delivers a first fluid to the reactor chamber. The second fluid inlet receives and delivers a second fluid to the reactor chamber. The first electric field generator is positioned in the reactor chamber and includes a first electrode and a spaced apart second electrode. The first electric field generator generates a first electric field, wherein the first fluid passes through the first electric field creating a plasma which is injected into the second fluid while the second fluid is flowing through the passageway to create an effluent. The effluent outlet receives the effluent from the reactor chamber and delivers it to a destination.

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

Plasma reactor and method for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid

In a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, the deposition of C particles is to be reduced or completely prevented. In order to achieve this object, there is described a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid which comprises a reactor chamber enclosed by a reactor wall and having at least one hydrocarbon fluid inlet and at least one outlet, and in addition it comprises a plasma burner having at least two elongated electrodes which each have a base part that is fixed to the reactor wall and a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber and has a free end. The hydrocarbon fluid inlet opens out into the reactor chamber in such a manner that a hydrocarbon fluid flowing out therefrom flows in a space between the reactor wall and the electrodes along at least one electrode to the free end thereof. A high flow rate of the fluid is thereby achieved and the direction of flow of the incoming fluid is directed away from the hydrocarbon fluid inlet.

A plasma reactor

A plasma reactor for enriching water with nitrogen compounds. The plasma reactor includes a water container ( 8 ); a plasma head ( 3 ) connected with a microwave generator ( 1 ) by a waveguide ( 2 ); a quartz tube ( 5 ) having a first end situated within the plasma head ( 3 ) and a second end that protrudes into the water container ( 8 ); a gas circulator ( 9 ) configured to introduce gas into the first end of the quartz tube ( 5 ) so that the introduced gas comes out through the second end of the quartz tube ( 5 ); a discharge generating rod ( 4 ) configured to he inserted into the plasma head ( 3 ) within the quartz tube ( 5 ) to generate a discharge in the quartz tube ( 5 ) and to be moved out of the head ( 3 ) after the discharge has been generated.

Plasma reactor and method of operating a plasma reactor

The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a plasma reactor for decomposition of hydrocarbons which allows stable operation over a prolonged time period. This problem is solved by a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, which comprises a reactor chamber surrounded by a reactor wall and further comprises at least one hydrocarbon inlet and an outlet. A plasma torch having at least two electrodes, which comprise a base part at a first end, is fixed to the reactor wall. At a second end, the electrodes comprise a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber, and a plasma zone is defined between the burner parts of adjacent electrodes. In a region between the plasma zone and the outlet, the hydrocarbon inlet opens into the reactor chamber, and the hydrocarbon inlet is oriented toward the plasma zone such that hydrocarbon fluid flowing therefrom is directed towards the plasma zone. In the plasma reactor disclosed herein, primarily small C particles are formed which prevent fouling or overgrowing of the reactor chamber. Furthermore some large and heavy C particles, which may statistically be formed, penetrate the plasma cloud and can attach specifically to the electrodes.

Gas reforming device

Disclosed is a gas reforming device which efficiently produces reformed gas. The gas reforming device is equipped with a flow channel-forming body whereby a flow channel is formed in which a process gas flows, a cathode provided in the cross section of the flow channel, an anode, provided separated from the cathode and equipped with a rod-shaped part, and a pulsed power supply which applies a pulsed voltage between the cathode and anode. The cathode has an aperture array, at least the surface of which is composed of an insulator and which has a planar structure in which are arranged apertures through which the process gas flows, and a grounding electrode provided at the peripheral part of the flow channel. The tip of the rod-shaped part of the anode is inside the process gas flow channel and is separated from the aperture array in a direction parallel to the direction of flow of the process gas. The grounding electrode is provided in a location such that it contacts the end of an ion sheath layer which spreads across the surface of the aperture array due to the application of pulsed voltage between the cathode and anode.

Plasma reactor and method of operating a plasma reactor

The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a plasma reactor for decomposition of hydrocarbons which allows stable operation over a prolonged period. This problem is solved by a plasma reactor (1) for cracking a hydrocarbon fluid which comprises a reactor chamber (2) which is surrounded by a reactor wall (3, 3a, 3b) and comprises at least one hydrocarbon inlet (5) and an outlet (15). A plasma burner (7) having at least two electrodes which comprise at a first end a base part (9) is fixed to the reactor wall. The electrodes comprise at a second end a burner part (11) which projects into the reactor chamber and a plasma zone (13) is defined between the burner parts of adjacent electrodes. In a region between the plasma zone and the outlet the hydrocarbon inlet opens into the reactor chamber and the hydrocarbon inlet is aligned with respect to the plasma zone such that hydrocarbon fluid issuing therefrom is conducted towards the plasma zone. In the plasma reactor disclosed herein primarily small C particles are formed which prevent fouling/closing-up of the reactor chamber. Furthermore some large and heavy C particles which may statistically be formed penetrate the plasma cloud and can attach to the electrodes in targeted fashion.

Spray reactor of the vertical flow-through type, and use thereof.

Mist reactor of the vertical flow type, and use thereof

The present invention relates to a mist reactor (1) of the vertical flow type. The mist reactor (1) comprises a reactor chamber (2); atomization means (4) arranged in the top of the reactor chamber (2) for atomizing a liquid to form a mist in the reactor chamber (2); an inlet (6), which opens out into the bottom of the reactor chamber (2), for feeding a gas stream, which is to be brought into contact with the mist and is to be passed through the reactor chamber (2), to the reactor chamber (2); and an outlet (5), at the top of the reactor chamber (2), for the gas stream which has been passed through the reactor chamber (2). From the bottom upwards, the horizontal cross-sectional area of the reactor chamber (2) increases. In particular, the reactor chamber (2) is of conical shape, with an apex angle of at least 4° and/or at most 10°. Furthermore, the reactor may be provided with charging means (20) which are used to apply an electric charge of identical polarity to the mist and the walls of the reactor chamber (2). Further charging means (19) may be provided for applying an electric charge with a polarity opposite to that of the mist to a demister (10).

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas to produce a liquid fuel and hydrogen from biomass or fossil coal

본 발명은 탄소화 화합물(바이오매스, 가정의 쓰레기, 폐수로부터의 슬러지, 화석 석탄)로부터 주로 일산화탄소(CO) 및 이수소(H2)를 생성하는 데 마이크로파 및 플라즈마와 함께 태양열 에너지를 사용하는 시스템에 관한 것으로, 여기서 얻어지는 가스 혼합물은 특히 피셔-트롭쉬 합성에 의하여 탄화수소 연료(올레핀, 파라핀), 에스테르 및 알콜을 생성시킨다. 본 발명은 제1 단계에서 탄소화 화합물을 건조 및 열분해하여 목탄 및 건조 석탄 그리고 CO2, 증기, 타르 및 비응축성 휘발성 물질을 함유하는 과열된 가스 혼합물을 생성하는 것을 포함하고, 제2 단계에서 열분해 생성물(목탄 또는 석탄, 가스 혼합물)로부터 피셔-트롭쉬 합성 유닛에 사용되는 실질적으로 일산화탄소 및 이수소의 혼합물을 함유하는 합성 가스를 발생시키는 것을 포함한다. 피셔-트롭쉬 단계 후, 합성 생성물은 혼합로(태양/마이크로파)의 태양로에서의 가열 후 증류 칼럼에 의하여 분리된다. 플라즈마의 생성에 필요한 열에너지는 태양 전지, 풍력 터빈, 증류 후 재생될 수 없는 탄화수소 가스에 대해서 작동하는 발전기 및 전체 방법을 통해 열에너지를 회수하기 위한 시스템에 의하여 생성된다. The present invention relates to a system for using solar energy together with microwaves and plasmas to produce mainly carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, household waste, sludge from wastewater, fossil coal) , Wherein the resulting gas mixture produces hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffins), esters and alcohols, in particular by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The present invention comprises drying and pyrolyzing a carbonized compound in a first step to produce an overheated gas mixture containing charcoal and dry coal and CO2, steam, tar and non-condensable volatiles, wherein in the second step the pyrolysis product And a synthesis gas containing substantially carbon monoxide and a mixture of these hydrogels to be used in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit from carbon monoxide (charcoal or coal, gas mixture). After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis product is separated by a distillation column after heating in a mixing furnace (solar / microwave) sunroof. The thermal energy required to generate the plasma is generated by a solar cell, a wind turbine, a generator operating on hydrocarbon gas that can not be regenerated after distillation, and a system for collecting thermal energy through the entire process.

Method and apparatus for synthesizing methane gas from carbon dioxide and hydrogen

본 발명은 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 이산화탄소와 수소를 이용한 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 관한 것으로, 보다 구체적으로는 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 촉매-유전체장벽방전(DBD) 플라즈마를 이용하여 이산화탄소(CO 2 )와 수소(H 2 )만으로 합성천연가스인 메탄(CH 4 , Methane)가스를 합성하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 의하면, 상온 및 상압 조건하에서 촉매-유전체장벽방전(DBD) 플라즈마를 이용하여 이산화탄소(CO 2 )와 수소(H 2 )만으로 합성천연가스인 메탄(CH 4 , Methane)가스를 합성할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 메탄가스 합성방법 및 합성장치에 의하면, 메탄가스 합성 공정을 수행하기 위한 별도의 가열 장비 및 가압장비를 사용하지 않아 제조비용이 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 공정 수행 상의 위험성이 없어 부가가치가 높은 장점이 있다.

Plasma process for removing hydrocarbons from sludge in petroleum storage cylinder and adaptative apparatus

本发明涉及一种等离子体方法以及适宜装置,其可有效地用来从不同物料如土壤、淤浆中除去有毒或有害有机化合物,诸如石油、原油、杀虫剂、除草剂以及各种烃类,所述化合物源自石油化学品泄露或不当丢弃/处理;所述方法以及适宜装置也可用来除去在石油储罐底部形成的淤浆中所含的烃类。与其他方法用来处理类似物料相比,本发明的目的等离子体方法,以及适宜装置具有以下优点:污染物除去低至土壤或淤浆的0.1%重量;连续操作;在需要时回收污染物的能力;工艺的能量效率高;以及非显著量的须处理气体。所述等离子体方法采用等离子体系统以向污染的土壤或淤浆提供足够的能量使烃类挥发,保持所述操作温度为400－900℃。离开等离子体反应器的所述挥发化合物被收集于冷凝器中,其中所述烃类可以液体烃(油)的形式被回收。所述污染物料由一端部连续地给入反应器,同时所述清洁物料由反应器的另一端部排出。在所述等离子体反应器中的气氛保持为中性或还原态,以防止烃类氧化。所述装置包括一给料系统、静态反应器、旋转反应器、用于传输反应器中废料的旋转螺杆、等离子体系统、排出挥发化合物的管子、设于等离子体反应器中的冷凝器、反应器上的清洁物料排出口以及收集所述清洁物料的储槽。

Device for producing hydrogen

本发明提供了一种用于制造氢的装置，包括：（a）具有近端和远端的中空圆筒，其中，所述圆筒的近端处的口部由盖所覆盖，所述圆筒的远端处的口部敞开；（b）至少一个高能供应源，所述高能供应源以可操作方式连接至所述中空圆筒，并且能够在所述中空圆筒的内部产生高能场；（c）用于将水蒸气供应至位于所述高能场内的所述中空圆筒的内部的装置。

Plasma process for removing hydrocarbons contained in sludge

The present invention relates to a plasma process and equipment for eliminating toxic or hazardous organic compounds from different materials. The process and equipment can also be used to remove the hydrocarbons contained in the sludge formed at the bottom of petroleum storage tanks. The plasma process utilizes a plasma system for providing enough energy to the contaminated soil or sludge for the hydrocarbons to volatilize, keeping the temperature of the process between 400 and 900 °C. The volatilized compounds after leaving the plasma reactor are collected in condensers, where the hydrocarbons can be recovered, in the form of a liquid hydrocarbon (oil). The contaminated material is continuously fed into the reactor from end, while the clean material is removed from the other end of the reactor. The atmosphere inside the plasma reactor is maintained neutral or reducing in order to prevent the oxidation of the hydrocarbons.

Fluidized bed catalytic reactor comprising a surface plasma generator

Apparatus and process for production of synthesis gas

An apparatus for production of synthesis gas with high capacity is described, which is especially achieved by rapid conversion and long uninterrupted operation. The apparatus has the following: a reactor (1) with a reactor chamber (2) having at least one first inlet (5) in conjunction with a source for hydrocarbon fluid and at least one outlet (15); also a plasma burner (7) with a burner section (11) designed to generate a plasma; and at least one second inlet (6) in conjunction with a source for CO 2 or H 2 O. The reactor chamber (2) defines a flow path from the first inlet (5) to the outlet (15), wherein the burner section (11), with regard to the flow path, is arranged between the first inlet (5) for hydrocarbon fluid and the second inlet (6) for CO 2 or H 2 O; and wherein the second inlet (6), with regard to the flow path, is arranged such that it is at a point where between 90% and 95% of the hydrocarbon fluid has been thermally broken down. Also described is a process for operating an apparatus for production of synthesis gas.

Patent TWI379780B

Plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, method of operating the same and plant for production of synthetic hydrocarbon

在分解烴流體用的電漿反應器中，將減少或完全防止C顆粒的沉積。為了實現此目標，描述一種分解烴流體用的電漿反應器，其包括：反應器腔室，其由反應器壁封閉且具有至少一個烴流體入口以及至少一個出口；以及電漿燃燒器，具有至少兩個細長電極，其各自具有固定至所述反應器壁的底座部分以及突出至所述反應器腔室中且具有自由末端的燃燒器部分。所述烴流體入口展開至所述反應器腔室中以使得自所述烴流體入口流出的烴流體沿著至少一個電極在所述反應器壁與所述電極之間的空間中流動至所述燃燒器部分的所述自由末端。所述流體的高流率藉此得以實現，且進入的流體的流動方向被引導遠離所述烴流體入口。

Catalyst with discharge electrode or carrier

An object of the invention is to provide a catalyst or catalyst carrier having a discharge electrode and effectively usable in a method of efficiently decomposing dioxins arid like harmful substances in exhaust gases by plasma discharge. The invention provides a catalyst or carrier having a discharge electrode and comprising a catalyst or carrier in the form of a plate or sheet, the electrode being provided on at least one surface of the catalyst or carrier plate or sheet and being in the form of dots, or a line or bar which may intersect itself. The catalyst or carrier plate or sheet includes a catalyst or carrier in the form of a cloth, board, paper or the like. Preferably, the electrode is one formed by applying an electrically conductive printing ink containing silver or like metal to at least one surface of the catalyst or carrier plate or sheet by printing, sintering a metal powder on the surface, or vapor-depositing or sputtering a metal onto the surface. The conductive ink may be a paste. Preferably the electrode is in the form of comb teeth.

Method of hydrogenation of fatty acid glycerides

Bioinvasive reaction reducing method, substance modifying device, and air conditioner

A discharge device 20 in a substance modifying device is provided with a positive electrode in linear or needle form (discharge ends 21b of discharge electrode 21) and a negative electrode in plane form (opposite electrode 22). Thus, substances having a nanostructure are made to contact an active species generated through streamer discharge, which is discharge between the positive electrode (discharge ends 21b) and the negative electrode (opposite electrode 22), where discharge between certain points of the positive electrode (discharge ends 21b) and a number of points on the negative electrode (opposite electrode 22) occurs stably and approximately simultaneously, and is diffused from between the positive and negative electrodes, so that the nanostructure is eliminated. The nanostructure is eliminated in this manner, and thus, the bioinvasive response due to the nanostructure of substances is reduced.

Procedure for the reduction of bioinvasive reactions

Procedimiento de reducción de reacción bioinvasiva para reducir una reacción bioinvasiva de una sustancia quetiene nanoestructura, caracterizándose el procedimiento porque la sustancia es una sustancia coadyuvante, en laque la sustancia coadyuvante se lleva a establecer contacto con una especie activa que es generada mediantedescarga de plasma y es difundida desde una zona comprendida entre el electrodo positivo y el electrodo negativo, yde este modo se reduce la irregularidad formada por la nanoestructura en la estructura fina a nanoescala en lasustancia coadyuvante y la nanoestructura es eliminada de manera que se reduce la reacción bioinvasiva de lasustancia. Bioinvasive reaction reduction procedure to reduce a bioinvasive reaction of a substance that has nanostructure, the procedure being characterized in that the substance is an adjuvant substance, in which the adjuvant substance is brought into contact with an active species that is generated by plasma discharge and is diffused from an area between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and in this way the irregularity formed by the nanostructure in the fine nanoscale structure in the adjuvant substance is reduced and the nanostructure is eliminated so that the bioinvasive reaction of the substance is reduced.

Apparatus and method of treating exhaust gas

An exhaust gas treating apparatus (1) has a case body (2) and plasma producing means (3) that is capable of producing plasma inside the case body (2) and treats substances contained in an exhaust gas by the plasma. The plasma producing means (3) has one or more each of a pulse electrode (4) and a ground electrode (5) that are opposedly arranged in the case body (2) and has a pulse power source (6) capable of feeding a pulse current to the pulse electrode (4) while switching frequency and/or voltage for different values at predetermined time intervals. Frequency and/or voltage is switched for different values at predetermined time intervals, so that plasma of a kind adequate for substances contained in an exhaust gas is produced between the pulse electrode (4) and the ground electrode (5). As a result, the substances to be treated in the exhaust gas can be selectively treated.

Method and apparatus for producing bulk quantities of nano-sized materials by electrothermal gun synthesis

A process for synthesizing nanosized powders utilizes a hybrid exploding wire device containing a solid metal wire fuse in the bore of a tube that is open at each end. The ends of the fuse are connected to electrodes on the ends of the tube. The electrodes are designed to erode to maintain a heavy metal plasma. The bore may comprise a corresponding ceramic to be produced, and a microcrystalline powder of a corresponding ceramic may be retained within the bore. An electrical discharge vaporizes and ionizes the fuse. The tube confines the radial expansion of the plasma such that the plasma exits from both ends of the tube where it reacts with a suitable gas to form nanoscale particles. In addition, the plasma gas ablates and vaporizes a portion of the bore wall to contribute to the nanoceramic synthesis. Other alternatives include replacing the fuse with a thin conductive sheath or a consumable metal insert.

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

Method and apparatus for producing bulk quantities of nano-sized materials by electrothermal gun synthesis

A process for synthesizing nanosized powders utilizes a hybrid exploding wire device containing a solid metal wire fuse in the bore of a tube that is open at each end. The ends of the fuse are connected to electrodes on the ends of the tube. The electrodes are designed to erode to maintain a heavy metal plasma. The bore may comprise a corresponding ceramic to be produced, and a microcrystalline powder of a corresponding ceramic may be retained within the bore. An electrical discharge vaporizes and ionizes the fuse. The tube confines the radial expansion of the plasma such that the plasma exits from both ends of the tube where it reacts with a suitable gas to form nanoscale particles. In addition, the plasma gas ablates and vaporizes a portion of the bore wall to contribute to the nanoceramic synthesis. Other alternatives include replacing the fuse with a thin conductive sheath or a consumable metal insert.

Fast-quench reactor for hydrogen and elemental carbon production from natural gas and other hydrocarbons

A fast-quench reactor for production of diatomic hydrogen and unsaturated carbons is provided. During the fast quench in the downstream diverging section of the nozzle, such as in a free expansion chamber, the unsaturated hydrocarbons are further decomposed by reheating the reactor gases. More diatomic hydrogen is produced, along with elemental carbon. Other gas may be added at different stages in the process to form a desired end product and prevent back reactions. The product is a substantially clean-burning hydrogen fuel that leaves no greenhouse gas emissions, and elemental carbon that may be used in powder form as a commodity for several processes.

Method and Apparatus for a Low Cost and Carbon Free Point of Use Dissociation of Water into Elemental Gases and Production of Hydrogen Related Power

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

Method and apparatus for hydrogen-related power generation by dissociating water into a single gas at an inexpensive and carbon-free location

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

By producing corona discharge in liquid capacity come the method and apparatus for the treatment of liquid

描述了一种通过在液体容积(6)中产生电晕放电(12)来处理液体(5)的方法。在此，对位于液体容积(6)中的电极设备(2)施加高压脉冲(8)。高压脉冲(8)的脉冲上升时间处于直至40纳秒的范围内，并且高压脉冲(8)的脉冲持续时间处于50至400纳秒的范围内。

Method and device for synthesizing methane gas using carbon dioxide and hydrogen at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure

The present invention relates to a method and device for synthesizing a methane gas using carbon dioxide and hydrogen at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure and, more specifically, to a method for synthesizing methane (CH 4 ), which is a synthetic natural gas, only by means of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) by using a catalyst-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The method and device for synthesizing a methane gas according to the present invention have effects capable of synthesizing a methane gas (CH 4 ), which is a synthetic natural gas, only by means of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) by using a catalyst-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the synthesizing method and device for a methane gas according to the present invention has the advantages of not only low production costs due to not using separate heating equipment and pressurizing equipment for performing a methane gas synthesizing process, but also high added value due to not involving danger when performing a process.

Gas reformer

Method using solar energy, microwaves and plasmas for producing a liquid fuel and hydrogen from a biomass or fossil coal

Hydrogen and elemental carbon production from natural gas and other hydrocarbons

Diatomic hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced as reactor gases in a fast quench reactor. During the fast quench, the unsaturated hydrocarbons are further decomposed by reheating the reactor gases. More diatomic hydrogen is produced, along with elemental carbon. Other gas may be added at different stages in the process to form a desired end product and prevent back reactions. The product is a substantially clean-burning hydrogen fuel that leaves no greenhouse gas emissions, and elemental carbon that may be used in powder form as a commodity for several processes.

Bioinvasive Reaction Reducing Method, Substance Modifying Device, and Air Conditioner

A discharge device in a substance modifying device is provided with a positive electrode in linear or needle form and a negative electrode in plane form. Thus, substances having a nanostructure are made to contact an active species generated through streamer discharge, which is discharge between the positive and negative electrodes, where discharge between certain points of the positive electrode and a number of points on the negative electrode occurs stably and approximately simultaneously, and is diffused from between the positive and negative electrodes, so that the nanostructure is eliminated. The nanostructure is eliminated in this manner, and thus, the bioinvasive response due to the nanostructure of substances is reduced.

Process and apparatus for chemical conversion

A process and reactor for chemical conversion is taught. The process allows the selective breaking of chemical bonds in a molecule by use of fast rise alternating current or fast rise pulsed direct current, each fast rise portion being selected to have a suitable voltage and frequency to break a selected chemical bond in a molecule. The reactor for carrying out such a process includes a chamber for containing the molecule and a generator for generating and applying the selected fast rise current.

Method and apparatus for producing bulk quantities of nano-sized materials by electrothermal gun synthesis

A process for synthesizing nanosized powders utilizes a hybrid exploding wire device containing a solid metal wire fuse in the bore of a tube that is open at each end. The ends of the fuse are connected to electrodes on the ends of the tube. The electrodes are designed to erode to maintain a heavy metal plasma. The bore may comprise a corresponding ceramic to be produced, and a microcrystalline powder of a corresponding ceramic may be retained within the bore. An electrical discharge vaporizes and ionizes the fuse. The tube confines the radial expansion of the plasma such that the plasma exits from both ends of the tube where it reacts with a suitable gas to form nanoscale particles. In addition, the plasma gas ablates and vaporizes a portion of the bore wall to contribute to the nanoceramic synthesis. Other alternatives include replacing the fuse with a thin conductive sheath or a consumable metal insert.

A device for ionization of a fluid

The invention relates to a device for ionization of a fluid, wherein the device (202) comprises an elongated container (4) adapted for conveying the fluid in a gaseous state, a fluid ionizing arrangement for ionizing the fluid, a first fluid flow directing unit (106, 206) arranged in the container, wherein the first fluid flow directing unit comprises at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel (108) having an outlet circumferentially displaced relative to an inlet for turning a first part of an incoming fluid flow, and a central fluid flow guide channel (114) with an extension substantially in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the elongated container for guiding a second part of the incoming fluid flow substantially in the longitudinal direction of the elongated container.

Apparatus and method for generating nitric oxide in controlled and accurate amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

A device for ionization of a fluid

The invention relates to a device for ionization of a fluid, wherein the device (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702) comprises an elongated container (4, 104) adapted for conveying the fluid in a gaseous state, a fluid ionizing arrangement (18, 28) for ionizing the fluid, at least one fluid flow directing unit (106, 206) arranged in the container, wherein the at least fluid flow directing unit comprises at least one peripheral fluid flow guide channel (108, 118, 120) having an outlet (110) circumferentially displaced relative to an inlet (108) for turning a first part of an incoming fluid flow, and a central fluid flow guide channel (114) with an extension substantially in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the elongated container for guiding a second part of the incoming fluid flow substantially in the longitudinal direction of the elongated container.

Apparatus and method for producing ammonia

A plasma-bubble reactor and a method for producing ammonia (NH 3 ) using said reactor are disclosed. The reactor comprises a vessel configured to hold a liquid, and a plasma generating means, in association with the vessel, configured to receive an input feed comprising dinitrogen (N 2 ) gas and generate a plasma from the N 2 gas to produce an activated N2 gas encapsulated within a plurality of bubbles formed in the liquid, wherein the activated N 2 gas reacts with water (H 2 O) at a plasma-liquid interface formed between the bubbles and the surrounding liquid to produce ammonia (NH 3 ).

Aparato y método para generar óxido nítrico en cantidades controladas y precisas

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung eines alkohol-synthesegases

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Synthesegases, aufweisend ein Reaktorbehältnis (1), einen Plasmaerzeuger (2) und einen Sauerstoffseparator (3), wobei das Reaktorbehältnis (1) ausgebildet ist als ein Blasensäulenreaktor, dieser aufweisend eine Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Zuleitung (11), einen Reaktionsraum (12) der ausgebildet ist zu einer Aufnahme einer Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension, eine Begasungsvorrichtung (13) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Zuführung und dispersen Verteilung eines Prozessgases in der Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension unter Erzeugung einer 3-Phasen-Dispersion, diese aufweisend eine feste Phase aufweisend das Organiksubstrat, eine flüssige Phase aufweisend das Wasser und eine gasförmige Phase aufweisend das Prozessgas, mittels Erzeugung einer Blasensäule (4), eine Entnahmeleitung (14) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Entnahme des Syn-thesegases oder eines Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts, wobei der Plasmaerzeuger (2) in der Blasensäule (4) angeordnet ist, dieser aufweisend Plasmaelektroden (21), wobei diese als Anoden (22) und Kathoden (23) vorliegen, wobei die Plasmaelektroden (21) ausgebildet sind zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas unter Entstehung des Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts und wobei der Sauerstoffseparator (3) ausgebildet ist zu einer Abtrennung von Sauerstoff aus dem Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukt unter Erhalt des Synthesegases.Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Syn-thesegases.

A method for ionization of a fluid

The invention relates to a method for ionization of a fluid, wherein the fluid is conveyed inside of an elongated container (4, 404) in a gaseous state, wherein an inner surface of a wall (10) of the elongated fluid container has a circular shape in a cross section transverse to a longitudinal direction of the container, wherein an inner diameter of the container (4, 404) is in a range of 10-50 mm, wherein a first pair (18) of electrodes (20, 22) are arranged in the container opposite each other and at a distance from each other in a transverse direction of the elongated container, wherein the method comprises the steps of supplying a voltage to each electrode in the first pair of electrodes in a range of 2 to 15 kV, especially in a range of 5 to 10 kV, and preferably around 7,5 kV so that electric discharges take place from the electrodes for ionization of the fluid, supplying the fluid with a flow rate in a range of 5-80 litre/min to an inlet of the container for deflecting at least a part (334) of the electric discharges downstream in a fluid flow direction and providing a magnetic field (311) in the vicinity of the first pair (18) of electrodes for affecting a structure of the discharges for supporting the ionization of the fluid.

Kompaktes plasma- brennstoffumsetzgerät mit niedrigem energiepegel

Un sistema y proceso continuo basado en descarga de arco no sumergido con atmósfera controlada para la producción de material nanométrico

Un sistema con arco eléctrico con atmósfera controlada, que opera un forma continua para la producción de material nanométrico, el cual comprende los siguientes componentes: (a) una sección de alimentación, compuesta por equipos de soldar, electrodos precursores y alimentadores de gases; (b) una sección de descarga y reacción, donde se efectúa la reacción de arco eléctrico, la cual que está compuesta por una cámara de reacción de acero inoxidable y de forma longitudinal para favorecer el desplazamiento de las partículas; y (c) un sistema de aceleración de carga superficial (ASC); y (d) una sección de acumulación y relajación, donde se completa el proceso de nucleación y crecimiento de las nanoestructuras, y que está compuesta por una cámara acondicionada en los costados de cavidades provistas de guantes y de un conector de cuarzo. Además se resguarda el proceso para obtener material nanométrico a partir del sistema con arco eléctrico,

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Synthesegases

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Synthesegases, aufweisend ein Reaktorbehältnis (1), einen Plasmaerzeuger (2) und einen Sauerstoffseparator (3), wobei das Reaktorbehältnis (1) ausgebildet ist als ein Blasensäulenreaktor, dieser aufweisend eine Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Zuleitung (11), einen Reaktionsraum (12) der ausgebildet ist zu einer Aufnahme einer Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension, eine Begasungsvorrichtung (13) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Zuführung und dispersen Verteilung eines Prozessgases in der Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension unter Erzeugung einer 3-Phasen-Dispersion, diese aufweisend eine feste Phase aufweisend das Organiksubstrat, eine flüssige Phase aufweisend das Wasser und eine gasförmige Phase aufweisend das Prozessgas, mittels Erzeugung einer Blasensäule (4), eine Entnahmeleitung (14) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Entnahme des Syn-thesegases oder eines Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts, wobei der Plasmaerzeuger (2) in der Blasensäule (4) angeordnet ist, dieser aufweisend Plasmaelektroden (21), wobei diese als Anoden (22) und Kathoden (23) vorliegen, wobei die Plasmaelektroden (21) ausgebildet sind zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas unter Entstehung des Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts und wobei der Sauerstoffseparator (3) ausgebildet ist zu einer Abtrennung von Sauerstoff aus dem Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukt unter Erhalt des Synthesegases.Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Synthesegases.

プラズマリアクタ

窒素化合物で水を富化するためのプラズマリアクタであって、水容器と、導波路によりマイクロ波生成器と接続されたプラズマヘッドと、上記プラズマヘッド内に位置する第１端部と、上記水容器へと突出した第２端部とを有する石英管と、ガスを上記石英管の上記第１端部へと導入するように構成され、これにより、導入された上記ガスが上記石英管の第２端部を通じて出て来るガスサーキュレータと、上記石英管において放電を生成するために上記石英管内で上記プラズマヘッドへと挿入され、上記放電が生成された後に上記プラズマヘッドの外へ移動させられるように構成される放電生成ロッドとを備え、上記石英管の上記第２端部は、出口を含み、富化用の水が上記水容器に提供されると少なくとも上記出口が水に沈むように位置決めされ、上記放電は、上記導波路を通じて上記マイクロ波生成器から供給されるマイクロ波場内の上記石英管においてもたらされ、これにより、上記石英管を通過した上記ガスが、プラズマ放電においてイオン化され、上記出口は複数の穴を含み、これにより、上記ガスは、上記石英管の上記第２端部を離れる場合、気泡の形態で放出される、プラズマリアクタ。

Plasma generating electrode, its manufacturing method, and plasma reactor

A plasma generating electrode (1) having two or more plate-shaped unit electrodes (2) opposed to each other and adapted to generate a plasma when a voltage is applied between the unit electrodes (2). At least one of the unit electrodes (2) includes a plate-shaped ceramic dielectric body (3) where at least one of the surfaces has grooves (5) and/or recesses and a conductive film (4) provided inside the ceramic dielectric body (3). When a voltage is applied between the unit electrodes (2), at edge potions (9) formed by the surface of the ceramic dielectric body (3) and the side surfaces of the grooves (5) and/or recesses, a plasma having a density higher than that of the plasma generated between the unit electrodes except for the edge portions (9) and its vicinities can be generated.

Verfahren unter verwendung von sonnenenergie, mikrowellen und plasmata zur herstellung eines flüssigbrennstoffs und zur gewinnung von wasserstoff aus einer biomasse oder aus fossiler kohle

Process and apparatus for chemical conversion

A process and reactor for chemical conversion is taught. The process allows the selective breaking of chemical bonds in a molecule by use of fast rise alternating current or fast rise pulsed direct current, each fast rise portion being selected to have a suitable voltage and frequency to break a selected chemical bond in a molecule. The reactor (500) for carrying out such a process includes a chamber (514) for containing the molecule and a generator for generating and applying the selected fast rise current.

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung eines alkohol-synthesegases

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Synthesegases, aufweisend ein Reaktorbehältnis (1), einen Plasmaerzeuger (2) und einen Sauerstoffseparator (3), wobei das Reaktorbehältnis (1) ausgebildet ist als ein Blasensäulenreaktor, dieser aufweisend eine Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Zuleitung (11), einen Reaktionsraum (12) der ausgebildet ist zu einer Aufnahme einer Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension, eine Begasungsvorrichtung (13) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Zuführung und dispersen Verteilung eines Prozessgases in der Organiksubstrat-Wasser-Suspension unter Erzeugung einer 3-Phasen-Dispersion, diese aufweisend eine feste Phase aufweisend das Organiksubstrat, eine flüssige Phase aufweisend das Wasser und eine gasförmige Phase aufweisend das Prozessgas, mittels Erzeugung einer Blasensäule (4), eine Entnahmeleitung (14) die ausgebildet ist zu einer Entnahme des Syn-thesegases oder eines Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts, wobei der Plasmaerzeuger (2) in der Blasensäule (4) angeordnet ist, dieser aufweisend Plasmaelektroden (21), wobei diese als Anoden (22) und Kathoden (23) vorliegen, wobei die Plasmaelektroden (21) ausgebildet sind zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas unter Entstehung des Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukts und wobei der Sauerstoffseparator (3) ausgebildet ist zu einer Abtrennung von Sauerstoff aus dem Synthesegas-Zwischenprodukt unter Erhalt des Synthesegases.Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Alkohol-Syn-thesegases.

Compound annular non-thermal plasma reactor core

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume.

Durchflusszelle zur behandlung von flüssigkeiten

A plasma reactor

A plasma reactor for enriching water with nitrogen compounds comprising: a water container (8); a plasma head (3) connected with a microwave generator (1) by a waveguide (2); a quartz tube (5) having a first end situated within the plasma head (3) and a second end that protrudes into the water container (8); wherein the second end of the quartz tube (5) has an outlet (7) and is positioned so that upon providing water for enriching to the water container (8), at least the outlet (7) is submersed in water; a gas circulator (9) configured to introduce gas into the first end of the quartz tube (5) so that the introduced gas comes out through the second end of the quartz tube (5); a discharge generating rod (4) configured to be inserted into the plasma head (3) within the quartz tube (5) to generate a discharge in the quartz tube (5) and to be moved out of the head (3) after the discharge has been generated; wherein the discharge is effected in the quartz tube (5) in a microwave field supplied through the waveguide (2) from the microwave generator (1), so that the gas passing through the quartz tube (5) is ionized in a plasma discharge; and wherein the outlet (7) comprises plurality of holes so that when the gas leaves the second end of the quartz tube (5) it is released in form of gas bubbles.

Compound annular non-thermal plasma reactor core

Compound annular non-thermal plasma reactor core

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume.

Celda de flujo para el tratamiento de líquidos

La invención se refiere a una celda de flujo que comprende una pieza tubular que se extiende a lo largo de un eje longitudinal y en la que se dispone coaxialmente un primer electrodo. La pieza tubular está formada por un primer tramo tubular y un segundo tramo tubular y un segundo electrodo dispuesto entre el primer y el segundo tramo tubular. Dicho electrodo tiene una circunferencia cerrada de manera que su cara interior constituye parte de la pieza tubular. (Traducción automática con Google Translate, sin valor legal)

Flow cell for the treatment of liquids

The invention relates to a flow cell comprising a tubular piece that extends along a longitudinal axis and in which a first electrode is coaxially arranged. The tubular piece is formed by a first tubular section and a second tubular section and a second electrode arranged between the first and the second tubular section. Said electrode has a closed circumference so that its inner face constitutes part of the tubular piece.

复合环形非热等离子体反应器芯

一种非热等离子体反应器系统，其具有：外构件；设置在所述外构件内的非热等离子体内构件套筒，所述非热等离子体内构件套筒具有中央芯容积，所述非热等离子体内构件套筒小于所述外构件以在所述非热等离子体内构件套筒与所述外构件之间限定环形容积，所述非热等离子体内构件套筒具有内表面边界和外表面边界，以在所述内表面边界与所述外表面边界之间限定套筒容积，所述内表面边界和所述外表面边界是可渗透的、并且构造成允许气流在所述环形容积与所述中央芯容积之间；设置在所述套筒容积内的介电材料；以及在所述套筒容积内延伸的至少一个电极和耦合到所述内套筒构件的另一电极，从而产生非热等离子体，当气流在所述环形容积与所述中央芯容积之间流动时，所述非热等离子体接触所述气流。

一种利用高压脉冲制氢的装置

本发明公开了一种利用高压脉冲制氢的装置，属于制氢设备技术领域，包括反应箱、放电柱、放电板、控制组件、供应组件，其中反应箱与集气设备连通，反应箱上设有用于盛装反应用液体的反应腔；放电柱设置于反应腔内，反应腔内的液体淹没放电柱；放电板设置于反应腔内、且包围放电柱，反应腔内的液体淹没放电板，放电板与地面连接；控制组件设置于反应箱上、且同时与反应箱和放电柱电连接；供应组件与反应箱连通。本发明提供的一种利用高压脉冲制氢的装置解决现在技术所存在的制氢能耗大、温度要求高、需要催化剂参与、产气流量小、产气效率低的问题。本发明作用效果显著，适于广泛推广。

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

Atmospheric plasma reactor for the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon

The present invention addresses to a plasma reactor for the thermal and/or plasmatic decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules aiming at the production of carbon nanotubes on a large scale, as well as amorphous carbon of superior quality in terms of purity. Because it is operated at pressures close to the atmospheric pressure and can operate in a continuous flow regime, said reactor has a superior capacity for the production of carbon nanotubes. The hydrocarbon pyrolysis by means of thermal plasma or the heat derived therefrom produces carbonaceous material that presents a higher purity content than those obtained by the methods most used in the production of solid carbon, which are based, generally, on the burning of part of the load hydrocarbon.

用于大规模碳纳米管生产和无定形碳生产的大气等离子体反应器

本发明涉及一种用于碳氢化合物分子的热分解和/或等离子体分解的等离子体反应器，其旨在大规模地生产碳纳米管以及生产纯度优质的无定形碳。由于该反应器在接近大气压的压力下操作，并且可以以连续流动状态操作，因此所述反应器具有用于碳纳米管的生产的优异能力。借助于热等离子体或由此得到的热量的碳氢化合物热解产生纯度含量比由固体碳生产中最常用的方法所获得的碳质材料更高的碳质材料，这些最常用的方法通常基于部分负载碳氢化合物的燃烧。

用于大规模碳纳米管生产和无定形碳生产的大气等离子体反应器

本发明涉及一种用于碳氢化合物分子的热分解和/或等离子体分解的等离子体反应器，其旨在大规模地生产碳纳米管以及生产纯度优质的无定形碳。由于该反应器在接近大气压的压力下操作，并且可以以连续流动状态操作，因此所述反应器具有用于碳纳米管的生产的优异能力。借助于热等离子体或由此得到的热量的碳氢化合物热解产生纯度含量比由固体碳生产中最常用的方法所获得的碳质材料更高的碳质材料，这些最常用的方法通常基于部分负载碳氢化合物的燃烧。

カーボンナノチューブの大量生産及びアモルファスカーボンの生産のための大気圧プラズマ反応器

本発明は、カーボンナノチューブの大量生産、及び純度の点で優れた品質のアモルファスカーボンの生産を目的とした、炭化水素分子の熱分解及び／又はプラズマ分解のためのプラズマ反応器に関する。このプラズマ反応器は大気圧に近い圧力で操作され、連続流様式で動作できるため、上記反応器は、カーボンナノチューブの製造のための優れた能力を有する。熱プラズマ又はそれに由来する熱による炭化水素の熱分解は、投入物炭化水素の一部の燃焼に一般に基づく固体炭素の製造において最も使用される方法によって得られるものよりも高い純度含有量を提示する炭素質材料をもたらす。【選択図】図３