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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4384. Отображено 100.
05-01-2012 дата публикации

Uniform electrical field dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Номер: US20120000782A1
Автор: Kun-Liang Hong
Принадлежит: Kun-Liang Hong

A uniform electrical field dielectric barrier discharge reactor consists of an electrode unit, a dielectric catalyst container and an insulative housing. Each electrode plate of the electrode unit includes an insulative plane frame structure, and discharge needles evenly distributed on the insulative plane frame structure. The dielectric catalyst container is a hollow solid member internally coated with a metallic catalyst coating layer. The flow directing plate is made of a conducting substrate, having two opposite sides thereof covered by a metallic catalyst coating layer. The invention is practical for use in an air purifier, fluid sterilizer or waste water treatment equipment.

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02-02-2012 дата публикации

Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc

Номер: US20120024718A1
Автор: Todd Foret
Принадлежит: Foret Plasma Labs LLC

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

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05-04-2012 дата публикации

Carbon nanotube and method for producing same

Номер: US20120083408A1
Принадлежит: Dowa Holdings Co Ltd, Tohoku University NUC

There is provided a high-purity carbon nanotube, which can be produced with simple purification by causing graphite to be hardly contained in crude soot obtained immediately after being synthesized by arc-discharge, and a method for producing the same. Soot containing carbon nanotubes produced by arc-discharge using an anode which contains amorphous carbon as a main component is heated at a temperature of not lower than 350° C. to be burned and oxidized, immersed in an acid, heated at a temperature, which is not lower than the heating temperature in the previous burning and oxidation and which is not lower than 500° C., to be burned and oxidized, and immersed in an acid again.

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19-04-2012 дата публикации

Non-equilibrium gliding arc plasma system for co2 dissociation

Номер: US20120090985A1
Принадлежит: DREXEL UNIVERSITY

A reactor for dissociating carbon dioxide, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a reactor is provided that is configured to use non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge plasma. In another example, the reactor uses a vortex flow pattern. A diaphragm may be used at the output of the reactor to control the vortex flow pattern. In some examples, the reactor may be configured to have varying upper and lower chamber sizes.

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14-06-2012 дата публикации

Method for the production of silicon from silyl halides

Номер: US20120145533A1
Автор: Norbert Auner
Принадлежит: Spawnt Private SarL

The present invention relates to a method for the production of silicon from silyl halides. In a first step, the silyl halide is converted, with the generation of a plasma discharge, to a halogenated polysilane, which is subsequently decomposed to silicon, in a second step, with heating.

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05-07-2012 дата публикации

Photoreactor

Номер: US20120168300A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M 1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M 2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M 2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M 2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

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21-02-2013 дата публикации

In-line manufacture of carbon nanotubes

Номер: US20130045157A1
Принадлежит: Fastcap Systems Corp

Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are facilitated by methods and apparatus disclosed herein. Advantageously, the methods and apparatus make use of a single production unit, and therefore provide for uninterrupted progress in a fabrication process. Embodiments of control systems for a variety of CNT production apparatus are included.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Antenna placement in degenerate modal cavities of an electromagnetic energy transfer system

Номер: US20130048880A1
Принадлежит: Goji Ltd

Antenna placement in degenerate modal cavities of an electromagnetic energy transfer system, an apparatus and method for applying electromagnetic energy to an object are disclosed in a degenerate energy application zone via a source of electromagnetic energy. The apparatus may include at least one processor configured to regulate the source to apply electromagnetic energy at a predetermined frequency that excites a plurality of resonant modes in the degenerate energy application zone. The plurality of resonant modes are of the same transverse type.

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

Chemical synthesis comprising heat treatment by intermittent dielectric heating, combined with a recycling system

Номер: US20130102804A1
Принадлежит: Aldivia SAS

This invention relates to the design of a process by intermittent dielectric heating combined with a recycling system. This process consists in subjecting reagents to electromagnetic waves selected in the frequencies ranging between 300 GHz and 3 MHz intermittently using a recycling system. This process enables the treatment of oils that are hardly absorbent as well as great investment savings. This process enables operation on different scales, whether in laboratories, on a semi-industrial or industrial scale, without forfeiting the advantages of continuous dielectric heating.

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Methane conversion device

Номер: US20130192974A1
Автор: Ken Kuang, Lai Qi
Принадлежит: Torrey Hills Tech LLC

Provided herein are methane conversion devices comprising a filter means (e.g., one or more filters), a circulation means (e.g., one or more circulating pumps), a reaction means (e.g., one or more reactor assemblies), a control means (e.g., central process unit, thermo-controller, UV controller, and the like), an energy supply means (e.g., ultra-violet lamp, direct sunlight, heating assembly, and the like).

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Water treatment device and water treatment method

Номер: US20130193087A1
Принадлежит: Tokyo Electron Ltd

Provided is a water treatment device with which organic substances contained in raw water to be treated are decomposed to thereby alleviate the load to be imposed on a downstream filter and with which it is possible to avoid corrosion of the piping or the like. The water treatment device 12 includes a large-bore channel 22 , a small-bore channel 23 , and a pressure pump 24 which pressurize raw water 15 a to a given pressure, the raw water containing organic substances, and further includes a laser light source 25 and a condensing lens 26 which irradiates laser light 37 upon the pressurized raw water 15 a to heat the raw water to a given temperature, wherein the laser light 27 emitted from the laser light source 25 is condensed by the condensing lens 26 on a region 29 that is located in the small-bore channel 23 through which the pressurized raw water 15 a flows and that is separated from the wall of the channel, thereby heating the raw water 15 a present in this region 29 and yielding supercritical water or subcritical water to decompose the organic substances contained in the raw water 15 a.

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Method and system for production of silicon and devicies

Номер: US20130195746A1
Автор: Xi Chu
Принадлежит: Individual

In one embodiment of the invention, the silane and hydrogen (and inert gas) mixture is produced using catalytic gasification of silicon (or si-containing compounds including silicon alloys) with a hydrogen source such as hydrogen gas, atomic hydrogen and proton. By not separating silane from hydrogen and co-purifying all the gases (silane and hydrogen, inert gas) in the gas mixture simultaneously, the mixture is co-purified and then provide feed stock for downstream application without further diluting the silane gas. One aspect of the invention addresses the need for an improved production method, apparatus and composition for silane gas mixtures for large scale low cost manufacturing of high purity silicon and distributed on-site turnkey applications including but not limited to the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits, photovoltaic solar cells, LCD-flat panels and other electronic devices. Thus, various embodiments of the invention can greatly reduce the cost and simplify the process of manufacturing silicon.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Nanofluid coolant

Номер: US20130221267A1
Принадлежит: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS

Technologies are generally described for forming a nanofluid coolant and structures including a nanofluid coolant. In an example, a method of forming a nanofluid coolant may comprise combining a compound with an acid and with purified water to form a solution. The compound may include manganese. The method may further include heating the solution and, after heating the solution, cooling the solution effective to form at least one precipitate that includes manganese and oxygen. The method may further include filtering the at least one precipitate to form a powder that includes manganese oxide nanotubes. The method may further include functionalizing the nanotubes by irradiating them with UV radiation. The method may further include combining the functionalized manganese oxide nanotubes with a polar solvent to form the nanofluid coolant.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Silicon/germanium nanoparticle inks, laser pyrolysis reactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles and associated methods

Номер: US20130221286A1
Принадлежит: Nanogram Corp

Laser pyrolysis reactor designs and corresponding reactant inlet nozzles are described to provide desirable particle quenching that is particularly suitable for the synthesis of elemental silicon particles. In particular, the nozzles can have a design to encourage nucleation and quenching with inert gas based on a significant flow of inert gas surrounding the reactant precursor flow and with a large inert entrainment flow effectively surrounding the reactant precursor and quench gas flows. Improved silicon nanoparticle inks are described that has silicon nanoparticles without any surface modification with organic compounds. The silicon ink properties can be engineered for particular printing applications, such as inkjet printing, gravure printing or screen printing. Appropriate processing methods are described to provide flexibility for ink designs without surface modifying the silicon nanoparticles.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Ozone generating device

Номер: US20130224084A1
Принадлежит: EPISOLUTIONS CO Ltd

An ozone generating device includes three or more cooling channels each having a through-hole formed in a central region thereof and a coolant flow path formed therein. The cooling channels are arranged side by side such that the through-holes thereof overlap with one another. The ozone generating device further includes electric discharge units interposed between the cooling channels adjoining each other and configured to generate electric discharge when applied with a high voltage. Each of the electric discharge units has a central hole formed in alignment with the through-hole. The ozone generating device is configured such that, when the electric discharge units are applied with a high voltage with the cooling channels kept grounded, oxygen supplied to the electric discharge units is decomposed into ozone which in turn is discharged through an internal space defined by the through-hole and the central hole.

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

Loss profile analysis

Номер: US20130240757A1
Принадлежит: Individual

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying radio frequency (RF) energy to an object in an energy application zone. At least one processor may be configured to cause RF energy to be applied at a plurality of electromagnetic field patterns to the object in the energy application zone. The processor may be further configured to determine an amount of power dissipated in the energy application zone, for each of the plurality of field patterns. The processor may also be configured to determine a spatial distribution of energy absorption characteristics across at least a portion of the energy application zone based on the amounts of power dissipated when the plurality of field patterns are applied to the energy application zone.

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17-10-2013 дата публикации

Ultraviolet Pretreatment Device

Номер: US20130270996A1
Принадлежит: Beijing Titan Instruments Co Ltd

The Ultraviolet pretreatment device in the present invention relates to an interface technique in the field of coupling technology for the analysis of chemical element species. The objective is to provide an Ultraviolet pretreatment device with simple structure, enhanced UV illuminance, and high digestion efficiency. The Ultraviolet pretreatment device in the present invention comprises a low pressure Mercury lamp and a quartz tube, wherein, the low pressure Mercury lamp comprises a lamp tube, electrodes and a power source. The quartz tube is located within the lamp tube, the two ends of the quartz tube are fixedly and respectively joined with the tube wall of the lamp tube, the inner wall of the lamp tube and the outer wall of the quartz tube form a sealed gas chamber, and the electrodes are located in the gas chamber.

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17-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Номер: US20130273612A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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31-10-2013 дата публикации

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Номер: US20130288307A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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14-11-2013 дата публикации

Combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Номер: US20130302215A1
Автор: Hua-Ming Liu
Принадлежит: Individual

A combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor includes a rectangular or cylindrical electrically insulative housing and a plurality of reactor units arranged in a parallel or series manner in the housing in a rectangular or circular array. Each reactor unit includes a hollow cylindrical electrode and a rod electrode extending along the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical electrode and a DC working voltage 6 kv-500 kv applied to each reactor unit between the respective hollow cylindrical electrode and the respective rod electrode. The combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor is a modularized structure constructed subject to actual requirements, practical for decomposing waste lubricating oil, insulation oil, milling oil and smokes discharged from a kitchen, smoking room, motor vehicle or machine.

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28-11-2013 дата публикации

Nano-skeletal catalyst

Номер: US20130316896A1
Принадлежит: SDC Materials Inc

A method of producing a catalyst material with nano-scale structure, the method comprising: introducing a starting powder into a nano-powder production reactor, the starting powder comprising a catalyst material; the nano-powder production reactor nano-sizing the starting powder, thereby producing a nano-powder from the starting powder, the nano-powder comprising a plurality of nano-particles, each nano-particle comprising the catalyst material; and forming a catalyst precursor material from the nano-powder, wherein the catalyst precursor material is a densified bulk porous structure comprising the catalyst material, the catalyst material having a nano-scale structure.

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09-01-2014 дата публикации

Mask-Less Fabrication of Thin Film Batteries

Номер: US20140007418A1
Принадлежит: Applied Materials Inc

Thin film batteries (TFB) are fabricated by a process which eliminates and/or minimizes the use of shadow masks. A selective laser ablation process, where the laser patterning process removes a layer or stack of layers while leaving layer(s) below intact, is used to meet certain or all of the patterning requirements. For die patterning from the substrate side, where the laser beam passes through the substrate before reaching the deposited layers, a die patterning assistance layer, such as an amorphous silicon layer or a microcrystalline silicon layer, may be used to achieve thermal stress mismatch induced laser ablation, which greatly reduces the laser energy required to remove material.

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06-02-2014 дата публикации

Energizing Energy Converters By Stimulating Three-Body Association Radiation Reactions

Номер: US20140034116A1
Принадлежит: Tionesta Applied Research Corp

In some embodiments, energy is released by converting the bonding potential energy between two electropositive masses capable of forming a stable bond between them into the kinetic energy of an electron quasiparticle initially captured between them by the coulomb potential. The electron quasiparticles form transient bonds with delocalized ions and other reactants in or on a reaction particle where reaction rates and branches are controlled by the choice of electron quasiparticle effective mass. Methods and apparatus for stimulating and controlling such association reactions are shown and described. Thermionic and semiconductor methods and apparatus convert the electron quasiparticle energy directly into electricity. Other embodiments are disclosed.

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

Method and system for graphene formation

Номер: US20140044885A1
Автор: David A. Boyd

A method for forming graphene includes providing a substrate and subjecting the substrate to a reduced pressure environment. The method also includes providing a carrier gas and a carbon source and exposing at least a portion of the substrate to the carrier gas and the carbon source. The method further includes performing a surface treatment process on the at least a portion of the substrate and converting a portion of the carbon source to graphene disposed on the at least a portion of the substrate.

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20-02-2014 дата публикации

Enhanced photo-catalytic cells

Номер: US20140050611A1
Принадлежит: Puradigm LLC

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces.

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source

Номер: US20170000145A1
Автор: Todd Foret
Принадлежит: Foret Plasma Labs LLC

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

VORTEX WATER FLOW GENERATOR, WATER PLASMA GENERATOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR, DECOMPOSITION PROCESSOR MOUNTED VEHICLE, AND DECOMPOSITION METHOD

Номер: US20190001171A1
Принадлежит: HELIX CO., LTD.

A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings. 1. A vortex water flow generator placed between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of a water plasma generator that injects a water plasma , the water plasma becoming a jet stream by dissociating or ionizing water to form a vortex water flow having a cavity for passing are discharge generated between the negative and positive electrodes , the vortex water flow generator comprising:a cylindrical portion configured to form the vortex water flow along an inner circumference;a middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion;a one-end-side partition disposed in one end side of the cylindrical portion to face the negative electrode; andthe-other-end-side partition disposed in the other end side of the cylindrical portion,wherein each of the partitions has an opening in a position including a center axis line of the cylindrical portion, the openings having different opening shapes in size,the middle partition and the-other-end-side partition have surfaces at the negative electrode side, the surfaces being formed by ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

Conversion of Metal Carbonate into Metal Chloride

Номер: US20170001875A1
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A method for producing metal chloride MClx− includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride MClx−, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , the method comprising:providing phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as solid with the phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to produce metal chloride MCl,'}wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x indicates the valence of the metal cation.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding M as an additional reactant.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of:the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate, orphosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared in situ by reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subsequently reacting the metal chloride to produce metal M.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting the produced metal M at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 4 , to thereby form a metal circuit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosgene claim 1 , diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon monoxide is produced by a reaction of metal carbonate with the metal M and/or from an electrolysis of carbon dioxide.9. An apparatus for reacting metal carbonate as solid with phosgene claim 7 , diphosgene ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

Ozonized biochar: phosphorus sustainability and sand soilization

Номер: US20190002764A1
Автор: James Weifu Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

Surface-oxygenated biochar compositions and sonication-ozonization methods create advanced hydrophilic biochar materials having higher cation exchange capacity, optimized pH, improved wettability, and toxin free components. These sonicated and ozonized biochar compositions are used as filtration materials for clean water and air, as phosphorus solubilizing reagents to mix with phosphate rock materials to make a slow-releasing phosphate fertilizer, as biochar soil additives to help solubilize phosphorus and reduce phosphorus fertilizer additions required to achieve desired soil phosphorus activity, crop uptake, and yield goals, as sand soilization reagents by utilizing their liquid gel-forming activity in the spaces among sand particles to retain water and nutrients and hold the sand particles together, as plant growth stimulants by using the humic acids-like surface-oxygenated biochar substances at a proper ppm concentration and as carbon sequestration agents to help control climate change for energy and environmental sustainability on Earth.

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES

Номер: US20190006151A1
Принадлежит: FGV Cambridge Nanosystems Limited

Apparatus and method for plasma synthesis of carbon nanotubes couple a plasma nozzle to a reaction tube/chamber. A process gas comprising a carbon-containing species is supplied to the plasma nozzle. Radio frequency radiation is supplied to the process gas within the plasma nozzle, so as to sustain a plasma within the nozzle in use, and thereby cause cracking of the carbon-containing species. The plasma nozzle is arranged such that an afterglow of the plasma extends into the reaction tube/chamber. The cracked carbon-containing species also pass into the reaction tube/chamber. The cracked carbon-containing species recombine within the afterglow, so as to form carbon nanotubes in the presence of a catalyst. 1. Apparatus for plasma synthesis of carbon nanotubes , comprising:a plasma nozzle coupled to a reaction tube or chamber;means for supplying a process gas to the plasma nozzle, the process gas comprising a carbon-containing species;means for supplying radio frequency radiation to the process gas within the plasma nozzle, so as to sustain a plasma within the nozzle in use, and thereby cause cracking of the carbon-containing species; andmeans for providing a catalyst;wherein the plasma nozzle is arranged such that an afterglow of the plasma extends into the reaction tube/chamber, the cracked carbon-containing species also pass into the reaction tube/chamber, and the cracked carbon-containing species recombine within the afterglow, so as to form carbon nanotubes in the presence of the catalyst.246-. (canceled)47. A method of synthesising carbon nanotubes , the method comprising:coupling a plasma nozzle to a reaction tube or chamber;supplying a process gas to the plasma nozzle, the process gas comprising a carbon-containing species;supplying radio frequency radiation to the process gas within the plasma nozzle, so as to sustain a plasma within the nozzle, and thereby cause cracking of the carbon-containing species; andproviding a catalyst;wherein the plasma nozzle is ...

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08-01-2015 дата публикации

CONVECTION-FREE FLOW-TYPE REACTOR AND FLOW-TYPE SYNTHESIS METHOD

Номер: US20150008117A1
Принадлежит:

A convection-free flow-type reactor includes a reactor body. The reactor body includes a reaction chamber to house a fluid. An inlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow input of a reactant fluid. An outlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow output of a product fluid. An energy beam source device provides an energy beam to irradiate the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber. The disclosure further provides a convection-free flow-type synthesis method. 1. A convection-free flow-type reactor , comprising: a reaction chamber to house a fluid;', 'an inlet in communication with the reaction chamber to allow input of a reactant fluid; and', 'an outlet in communication with the reaction chamber to allow output of a product fluid; and, 'a reactor body, comprisingan energy beam source device providing an energy beam to irradiate the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor body is a tube.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the reactor body comprises an energy beam transmissible material claim 2 , and the energy beam irradiates the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber through the energy beam transmissible material.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the energy beam transmissible material comprises H claim 3 , Be claim 3 , C claim 3 , N claim 3 , O claim 3 , Al or combinations thereof.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor body comprises an energy beam resistant material and has a reactant loading space defining the reaction chamber.6. The reactor as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reactor body comprises:a first component having the reactant loading space; anda second component having a window corresponding to the reactant loading space, wherein an energy beam transmissible material is disposed between the first and second components.7. The reactor as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the energy beam transmissible material comprises H claim 6 ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CORE-SHELL CATALYST

Номер: US20200006781A1
Принадлежит: KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst , the apparatus comprising:a titanium reaction chamber in which a part of a chamber upper surface is made of a glass material, a lower surface is a working electrode, and the working electrode is joined to one of left and right surfaces of the titanium reaction chamber;a reaction solution which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot holder which is accommodated in the reaction chamber;a metal ingot capsule which is accommodated on the metal ingot holder;a reference electrode and a counter electrode which are supported in the reaction solution;a power source unit which applies voltage to the electrodes;a solution injecting unit which injects a mixture solution including a copper precursor and a platinum precursor into the reaction chamber;a laser light source which emits energy to the metal ingot;a display unit which measures and displays, in real time, a copper precursor content and a platinum precursor content in the reaction chamber, the type of reaction solution, applied voltage, an output of the emitted laser beam; anda particle diameter measuring device which measures a particle diameter of the metal nanoparticle manufactured in the reaction chamber.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the metal ingot capsule has a capsule shape having a hermetic structure in which the metal ...

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20-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONDITIONING ION EXCHANGE RESINS AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD

Номер: US20220020507A1
Принадлежит:

A method for conditioning of spent ion exchange resins from nuclear facilities comprises the steps of: mixing the spent ion exchange resins with water to form a reaction mixture; setting and controlling the pH of the reaction mixture in a range from 1.0 to 3.5, preferably in a range from 2.0 to 3.0; adding an oxidant to the reaction mixture, with the temperature of the reaction mixture maintained at 90 ° ° C. or less so that the spent ion exchange resin and the oxidant react with each other to form an aqueous reaction solution comprising the organic reaction products of the spent ion exchange resin; and electrochemically oxidizing the organic reaction products, wherein carbon dioxide is produced and a carbon-depleted aqueous reaction solution having a TOC (total organic carbon) value of less than 50 ppm is obtained. Furthermore, an apparatus for the conditioning of spent ion exchange resins from nuclear facilities is described. 1. A method for conditioning of spent ion exchange resins from nuclear facilities , comprising the steps of:mixing the spent ion exchange resins with water to form a reaction mixture;{'b': 3', '5, 'setting and monitoring the pH of the reaction mixture in a range from 1.0 to .;'}adding an oxidant to the reaction mixture, with the temperature of the reaction mixture maintained at 90° C. or less, so that the spent ion exchange resin and the oxidant react with each other to form an aqueous reaction solution comprising organic reaction products of the spent ion exchange resin; andelectrochemically oxidizing the organic reaction products in the reaction solution by means of a boron-doped diamond electrode, wherein carbon dioxide is produced and a carbon-depleted aqueous reaction solution having a TOC (total organic carbon) value of less than 50 ppm is obtained.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ion exchange resins contain organic complexing agents.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for processing liquids and conducting sonochemical reactions

Номер: US20170007976A1
Автор: Oleg Kozyuk
Принадлежит: Arisdyne Systems Inc

A method of processing a liquid including (a) passing a flow of the liquid through a local constriction into an outlet channel, the flow of liquid having a velocity of at least 1.4 m/s at the exit end of the outlet channel, the flow of liquid in the outlet channel containing cavitation bubbles, and (b) collapsing the cavitation bubbles by subjecting the cavitation bubbles to a water hammer hydraulic pulse pressure resulting from periodically rapidly closing the outlet channel. A device for practicing the method is also disclosed.

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR SYNGAS CLEANUP AND ENERGY RECOVERY IN GASIFIER SYSTEMS

Номер: US20170009162A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC.

A rotating heat regenerator is used to recover heat from the syngas at it exits the reactor vessel of a waste or biomass gasifier. In some embodiments, three or more streams are passed through the heat exchanger. One stream is the dirty syngas, which heats the rotating material. A second stream is a cold stream that is heated as it passes through the material. A third stream is a cleaning stream, which serves to remove particulates that are collected on the rotating material as the dirty syngas passes through it. This apparatus can also be used as an auto-heat exchanger, or it can exchange heat between separate flows in the gasifier process. The apparatus can also be used to reduce the heating requirement for the thermal residence chamber (TRC) used downstream from the gasification system 1. A sealing element for a movable device , said movable device being adjacent to a surface , the sealing element comprising:an expandable bladder, having a deflated state wherein a space exists between said movable device and said surface and an inflated state wherein said bladder contacts said movable device and said surface; anda first port through which a gas or fluid is passed to create said deflated and inflated states.2. The sealing element of claim 1 , further comprising a second port such that said gas or fluid enters through said first port and exits through said second port claim 1 , so as to maintain the temperature of said sealing element.3. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said bladder comprises steel.4. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said bladder comprises refractory metal.5. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said movable device is a rotating energy exchanger.6. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said movable device comprises a circular cross-section claim 1 , and said bladder surrounds a circumference of said circular cross-section of the moveable device.7. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein the first port is located on an outer ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

HYBRID FUEL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20170009165A1
Автор: Goerz, JR. David J.
Принадлежит:

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages. 1. A hybrid fuel prepared from a process that comprises:introducing a first reactant to a reactor, wherein the first reactant comprises one or more light gases;exposing the first reactant to non-thermal plasma under conditions sufficient to reform the first reactant to form syngas and to generate free radicals and energetic electrons;introducing a first liquid feed fuel to the reactor; andintimately contacting the reaction products from the exposure of the first reactant to non-thermal plasma with the first liquid feed fuel in the reactor to produce a modified liquid fuel.2. The hybrid fuel of claim 1 , wherein the first reactant further comprises a second liquid fuel feed.3. A hybrid fuel comprising:a first fuel product; anda second fuel product, whereinthe first fuel product comprises a biofuel emulsion; andthe second fuel product comprises a fuel prepared from one or more light gases combined with a liquid fuel feed; and whereinthe hybrid fuel comprises at least about 20% by weight of the first fuel product.4. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises about 20% by weight of the first fuel product and about 80% by weight of the second fuel product.5. The hybrid fuel of claim 3 , wherein the hybrid fuel comprises up to about 20% water.6. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is about −25° C. to about −35° C.7. The hybrid fuel of claim 4 , wherein the pour point of the hybrid fuel is ...

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08-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROPHORESIS GEL AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROPHORESIS GEL

Номер: US20150010867A1
Принадлежит: SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA

An electrophoresis gel, in which a good pH gradient or concentration gradient of a gel-forming monomer is formed, is produced. In addition, the production efficiency of an electrophoresis reaction tool is improved and the production processes are simplified. At least one of a first process to add a gel-forming monomer to a first solution containing an initiator to initiate polymerization of the gel-forming monomer by external energy in such a way that a pH gradient or concentration gradient of the gel-forming monomer is formed and a second process to initiate the polymerization of the above-described gel-forming monomer in the first solution, to which the above-described gel-forming monomer has been added, by using the above-described external energy is included. 1. A method for manufacturing an electrophoresis gel , characterized by including at least one of:adding a gel-forming monomer to a first solution containing an initiator to initiate polymerization of the gel-forming monomer by external energy in such a way that a pH gradient or concentration gradient of the gel-forming monomer is formed, as a first process; andinitiating the polymerization of the gel-forming monomer in the first solution, to which the gel-forming monomer has been added, by using the external energy, as a second process.2. The method for manufacturing an electrophoresis gel claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first process is performed on a base material to support an electrophoresis gel.3. The method for manufacturing an electrophoresis gel claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterized in that the gel-forming monomer is added by using an ink-jet device in the first process.4. The method for manufacturing an electrophoresis gel claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterized in that the external energy is light or heat.5. The method for manufacturing an electrophoresis gel claim 2 , according to claim 2 , characterized by further including claim 2 , before the first ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DECOLORING IONIC LIQUID

Номер: US20190009243A1

A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid. 1. A method of decoloring an ionic liquid , comprising:preparing a discolored ionic liquid from an ionic liquid; anddecoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ionic liquid includes at least one anion selected from the group consisting of Cl claim 2 , Br claim 2 , NO claim 2 , BF claim 2 , PF claim 2 , AlCl claim 2 , AlCl claim 2 , AcO claim 2 , CHCOO claim 2 , CFCOO claim 2 , CHSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , (CFSO)N claim 2 , (CFSO)C claim 2 , (CFCFSO)N claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CF7COO claim 2 , (CFSO)(CFCO)N claim 2 , CFN claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , PF claim 2 , CHNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , (CFSO)N claim 2 , and CHCH(OH)CO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decoloring of the discolored ionic liquid is performed by irradiating the discolored ionic liquid with the UV rays in a UV range corresponding to an absorption wavelength of a cation contained in the ionic liquid before discoloration.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the decoloring of the discolored ionic liquid is performed by irradiating the discolored ionic liquid with the UV rays in a UV range corresponding to an absorption wavelength of the cation contained in the ionic liquid ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

Continuous, Semicontinuous and Batch Methods for Treating Liquids and Manufacturing Certain Constituents (e.g., Nanoparticles) in Liquids, Apparatuses and Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle/Liquid Solution(s) and Colloids Resulting Therefrom

Номер: US20190009342A1
Принадлежит: Clene Nanomedicine, Inc.

This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) (e.g., colloids). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. Processing enhancers can be utilized alone or with a plasma. Semicontinuous and batch processes can also be utilized. The continuous processes cause at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including ions, micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, concentration, zeta potential and certain other novel properties present in a liquid. 1. A substantially continuous process for forming gold nanocrystals in at least one liquid comprising:flowing at least one liquid through at least one trough member, said at least one liquid having an upper surface and a flow direction, and said at least one flowing liquid further comprising at least one processing enhancer;providing at least one first electrode control device containing at least one first set of metallic-based electrodes comprising gold, said at least one first set of electrodes comprising ...

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

Energy Storage Transportation Method and Energy Carrier System

Номер: US20180009661A1

An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PLANT EXTRACTION

Номер: US20180010066A1
Автор: STANTCHEV GEORGE
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and a method for plant extraction are disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention comprises an extraction module, a separating module and a reservoir. The method essentially includes plant material preparing, decarboxylating, active components extracting and separating. By using liquid tetrafluoroethane as the solvent in the apparatus of the present invention, the active components of the plant material are efficiently extracted under low pressure extraction and high pressure extraction conditions. 1. An apparatus for plant extraction comprising:a reservoir storing a liquid tetrafluoroethane;an extraction module including an extractor and a filter, wherein the extractor is configured to contain a plant material and is connected to the reservoir with a first inlet pipe and the filter is disposed at a bottom of the extractor for filtering the plant material, wherein the plant material is soaked in the liquid tetrafluoroethane from the reservoir to extract active components of the plant material and form a solution with the active components;a separating module including a separator, a second heater and a first container, wherein the separator is connected to the bottom of the extractor with a second inlet pipe and connected to the reservoir with a second outlet pipe, the second heater is disposed around the separator to vaporize the liquid tetrafluoroethane of the solution to a gaseous tetrafluoroethane and the first container is connected at a bottom of the separator to receive the active components left in the separator; anda second outlet pump disposed on the second outlet pipe, wherein the gaseous tetrafluoroethane in the separator is conducted by the second outlet pipe to the second outlet pump, compressed into the liquid tetrafluoroethane and then conducted to the reservoir.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the extraction module further comprises a first heater disposed around the extractor.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 ...

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09-01-2020 дата публикации

Apparatus and Method for Generating Nitric Oxide in Controlled and Accurate Amounts

Номер: US20200010321A1
Принадлежит:

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse. 1a reaction chamber enclosing two electrodes separated by a gap,a gas inlet port for introducing a gas mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen into said reaction chamber,an electronic control circuit for delivering a pulsed DC electric discharge between the two said electrodes to generate nitric oxide;a magnetic field generator proximate to said gap between the electrodes; anda gas outlet port for delivering the gas mixture from said reaction chamber.. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/229,107, filed Dec. 21, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/887,246, filed Feb. 2, 2018, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/372,552, filed Dec. 8, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,896,337, issued Feb. 20, 2018), which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/347,479, filed Mar. 26, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,573,110, issued Feb. 21, 2017), which is a US National stage entry of International Application No. PCT/US2012/058564, which designated the United States and was filed on Oct. 3, 2012, published in English, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/542,400, filed on Oct. 3, 2011.This application is also a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/375,410, filed Apr. 4, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/887,246, filed Feb. 2, 2018, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/372,552, filed Dec. 8, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,896,337, issued Feb. 20, 2018), which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/347,479, filed Mar. 26, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,573,110, issued ...

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09-01-2020 дата публикации

Method of Manufacturing Graphene Using Photoreduction

Номер: US20200010324A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to a low temperature method of preparing graphene. The method comprises applying a graphene oxide to a substrate and treating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene. The present disclosure is also directed to graphene produced according to the aforementioned method. 1. A method for preparing graphene , the method comprising:applying a graphene oxide to a substrate, andtreating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is a UV light source.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is an Xe bulb.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is performed at a temperature of 175° C. or less5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at a temperature of 40° C. or less.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at ambient pressure.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted in the presence of air.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a metal substrate.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises copper.10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises nickel.11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises stainless steel.12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises iron claim 8 , gold claim 8 , aluminum claim 8 , silver claim 8 , platinum claim 8 , an alloy thereof claim 8 , etc.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is applied as a dispersion including water.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is a reduced graphene oxide.15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

ARRAY FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20190010662A1
Принадлежит:

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults. 1. A treatment operating unit , comprising:a plurality of enclosure systems, each enclosure system including one or more vaults, andwithin each vault, an irradiation device and a treatment conveyor.2. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure systems are arranged in rows.3. The operating unit of claim 2 , wherein the rows extend in a first direction claim 2 , and wherein each enclosure system comprises two or more vaults extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction.4. The operating unit of claim 3 , wherein the first and second vaults of each enclosure share a common wall.5. The operating unit of claim 4 , wherein each first vault is configured to accept untreated biomass from a storage facility claim 4 , and wherein the biomass material is treated in each vault utilizing the irradiation device and the treatment conveyor.6. The operating unit of claim 5 , wherein the first vault of each enclosure system further encloses equipment configured to transfer treated biomass from the first vault to the second vault of the enclosure system.7. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation device comprises an electron accelerator.8. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the treatment conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor.9. A method for producing treated materials claim 1 , the method comprising;partitioning a material into a plurality of material portions,conveying the material portions into a plurality of first vaults, each first vault accepting one of the material portions,treating the material portions in the vaults,conveying the material portions out of the ...

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09-01-2020 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING NATURAL GAS USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER IN AIR

Номер: US20200010771A1
Автор: YOON Kyung Byung
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air that includes an air-compressing member, a water collecting member, a water storing member, a carbon dioxide collecting member, a water electrolysis member, and a methanation reaction member. The water electrolysis member electrolyzes water separated from compressed air. The methanation reaction member generates a natural gas by reacting hydrogen from the electrolysis and carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide collecting member. A method of producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air includes supplying hydrogen electrolyzed from water separated from air and carbon dioxide collected from the dry air to a methanation reaction member to generate a natural gas. A natural gas-synthesizing equipment system includes an apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air. 1. An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air , comprising:an air-compressing member;a water collecting member for collecting and separating water from the compressed air supplied from the air-compressing member;a water storing member connected to the water collecting member and for storing the collected water;a carbon dioxide collecting member connected to the water collecting member and for collecting carbon dioxide from dry air supplied after the water collecting member collects water;a water electrolysis member for electrolyzing water supplied from the water storing member to generate oxygen and hydrogen;a methanation reaction member for generating a natural gas by methanation reaction of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen storing member connected to the water electrolysis member and carbon dioxide supplied from a carbon dioxide storing member connected to the carbon dioxide collecting member;a separation member having a means for separating the natural gas, carbon dioxide and water contained in a methanation reaction product supplied from the ...

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03-02-2022 дата публикации

Ultrasonic Horn With A Large High-Amplitude Output Surface

Номер: US20220032261A1
Автор: Peshkovsky Alexey S.
Принадлежит: Industrial Sonomechanics, LLC

Ultrasonic horns having improved longevity and simplified manufacturing approaches that can be more easily adapted to ultrasonic reactor chambers or batch processing containers. The ultrasonic horn designs increase the uniformity and intensity of acoustic energy radiated into a liquid medium and thus better correspond to the requirements of a particular sonochemical or sonomechanical process. The ultrasonic horns do not require a specific number of cylindrical sections and allow for various lengths and profiles of variable-diameter sections. The ultrasonic horns also reduce stress in the material of the ultrasonic horns and therefore extend longevity. 1. An ultrasonic horn , comprising:a first section that reduces in diameter from a first diameter to a second diameter; anda second section directly connected to and extending from the first section that increases in diameter from the second diameter to a third diameter.2. The ultrasonic horn of claim 1 , wherein the first section defines an input surface.3. The ultrasonic horn of claim 1 , wherein the second section defines an output surface.4. The ultrasonic horn of claim 1 , further comprising an entrance section defining an input surface claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the entrance section has the first diameter.5. The ultrasonic horn of claim 4 , wherein the entrance section is a cylinder having the first diameter.6. The ultrasonic horn of claim 4 , wherein the entrance section has a shape that varies between a fourth diameter and the first diameter.7. The ultrasonic horn of claim 1 , further comprising an exit section defining an output surface claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the exit section has the third diameter.8. The ultrasonic horn of claim 7 , wherein the exit section is a cylinder having the third diameter.9. The ultrasonic horn of claim 7 , wherein the exit section has a shape that varies between a fifth diameter and the third diameter.10. The ultrasonic horn of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EXCITATION OF RESONANCES IN MOLECULES

Номер: US20150017076A1
Принадлежит:

A method is described to excite molecules at their natural resonance frequencies with sufficient energy to break or form chemical bonds using electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency range. Liquid, solid, or gaseous materials are prepared and injected into a resonant structure where they are bombarded with electromagnetic energy in the RF or microwave range at resonant frequencies of the molecules of the materials. Alternatively, electromagnetic energy tuned to dielectric particles prepared from the materials may also be supplied to further enhance the reaction. 133-. (canceled)34. An apparatus for exciting a process medium with electromagnetic radiation comprising:a reaction structure containing a process or reaction volume; anda plurality of electromagnetic generators coupled to the reaction structure.35. The apparatus of claim 34 , further comprising at least one static electromagnetic generator coupled to the reaction structure.36. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the electromagnetic generators are tuned to frequencies in the range of radio frequencies and microwave frequencies.37. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the electromagnetic generators are coupled to the structure by either a waveguide or a coaxial cable.38. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the material to be processed is selected from the group consisting of: a liquid; a solid; a gas; and a combination of a liquid claim 34 , a solid and a gas.39. The apparatus of claim 38 , wherein the material to be processed is a liquid claim 38 , wherein the apparatus further comprises an atomizer for atomizing the liquid for injection into the resonant structure.40. The apparatus of claim 38 , wherein the material to be processed is a solid claim 38 , and wherein the apparatus further comprises a pulverizer for pulverizing the solid into small particles for injection into the resonant structure. This invention relates generally to processing or reaction of materials. ...

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

REGENERATIVE COOLING METHOD AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20180015438A1
Принадлежит: MONOLITH MATERIALS, INC.

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels. 1. A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber comprising , contacting the liner with or passing through the liner , at least one recycle gas to be used to create the plasma in the plasma chamber , to cool the plasma chamber liner and pre-heat the recycle gas , and returning the pre-heated recycle gas to the plasma chamber to create the plasma.2. The method of wherein the liner is graphite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cover is removed to remove any carbon deposits in the channels.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern.9. The method of claim 3 , including more than one channel.10. The method of claim 9 , ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR REVAPORIZING GAS HYDRATE PELLETS

Номер: US20160016135A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides an apparatus for regasifying gas hydrate pellets that includes: a cylinder; a piston coupled to an inside of the cylinder and configured to reciprocate up and down; a pellet providing part coupled to an one side of the cylinder in such a way that supply of gas hydrate pellets to the cylinder is adjusted by having one end thereof opened and closed by reciprocation of the piston; a pressure adjusting space having one end thereof coupled to a lower portion of the cylinder; a door formed in the pressure adjusting space and configured to define the pressure adjusting space; a transfer part having one end thereof coupled to the other end of the pressure adjusting space and configured to transfer the gas hydrate pellets; and a regasification part coupled to the other end of the transfer part and having heating water therein to allow regasification of the transferred gas hydrate pellets.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

MACHINE AND METHOD FOR ACTIVATED WATER

Номер: US20160016142A1
Автор: Rothschild Aaron
Принадлежит:

The present invention generally concerns a machine that creates and infuses charged air products into a flowing water system, where a plasma discharge is not in direct contact with the flowing water but is separated from the plasma by a void volume space. The resulting activated water may be used as an industrial wash, antibacterial wash, a medicinal drink, or can be used in agriculture, e.g. for irrigation of crops or for plant or seed treatment.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING Si-BASED NANO-PARTICLES USING PLASMA

Номер: US20160016143A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for manufacturing silicon-based nanoparticles such as Si—C composite and SiOx using plasmas. An apparatus for manufacturing silicon-based nanoparticles in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a reaction chamber for providing a reaction space; a plasma torch for generating plasma to decompose silicon (Si) precursors and produce Si particles, provided on an upper portion of the reaction chamber; a cooling part for cooling Si particles supplied into the reaction chamber, provided within the reaction chamber; and a carbon material supplying part for supplying carbonaceous materials or carbon precursors into the reaction chamber.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

Control of Feedstock During Gas Production

Номер: US20160016144A1
Автор: Santilli Ermanno
Принадлежит:

A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for passing of the feedstock through a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The system has a way to controlling the electric arc by, for example, a controller adjusting the position of the electrodes of the arc and/or voltage applied to those electrodes. The system collects the gas and during the production of the gas, the system measures at least one of a conductance of the feedstock and a viscosity of the feedstock and, based on this/these measurements, the system introduces a material into the pressure vessel such as fresh feedstock, a solvent, tap water, distilled water, etc.

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15-01-2015 дата публикации

CRYSTALLIZATION SUBSTRATE, CRYSTALLIZATION CONTAINER, CRYSTALLIZATION DEVICE, AND CRYSTAL PRODUCING METHOD

Номер: US20150017702A1
Автор: OKUTSU Tetsuo
Принадлежит:

A crystallization substrate of the present invention includes a noble metal vapor-deposited film having an absorbance in a 500 to 1,000 nm wavelength range and formed in all or part of one surface of the substrate. The noble metal vapor-deposited film has an average thickness of 0.1 to 60 nm. The noble metal vapor-deposited film is a continuous film with a pit formed by vapor deposition in part of the film and surrounded by the continuous film. 1. A biopolymer crystallization substrate comprising:a noble metal vapor-deposited film having an absorbance in a 500 to 1,000 nm wavelength range and formed in all or part of one surface of the substrate,wherein the noble metal vapor-deposited film has an average thickness of 0.1 to 60 nm, andwherein the noble metal vapor-deposited film is a continuous film with pits formed by vapor deposition in part of the film and surrounded by the continuous film.2. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbance of the noble metal vapor-deposited film at 600 nm wavelength is 0.08 to 0.5.3. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the pits have a depth that is more than a half of the average thickness of the noble metal vapor-deposited film.4. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the pits have a depth that exposes the substrate.5. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate with the noble metal vapor-deposited film formed on the substrate surface is a planar substrate claim 1 , or a planar substrate with one or more wells formed in at least part of the substrate.6. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is gold claim 1 , silver claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and/or an alloy of these.7. The biopolymer crystallization substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is gold.8. The biopolymer crystallization ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

Gas Production from an Oil Feedstock

Номер: US20160017247A1
Принадлежит:

A system for producing a gas includes a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock that is oil-based and at least one set of electrodes in which an electric arc is formed between the electrodes. The system includes a mechanism for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into a gas. The gas comprises from 50-60% hydrogen, from 9-16% ethane, from 8-12% carbon monoxide, from 5-12% ethylene, from 3-8% methane, from 2-3% other trace gases, and from 1-2% carbon dioxide (all % Vol/Vol). 1. A system for producing a gas , the system comprising:a pressure vessel containing in its interior a feedstock comprising oil and at least one set of electrodes;an electric arc formed between the electrodes;means for exposing the feedstock to a plasma of the electric arc thereby converting at least some of the feedstock into the gas;means for controlling the electric arc;means for collecting the gas; andmeans for replenishing the feedstock within the pressure vessel.2. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is vegetable oil.3. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is animal oil.4. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used vegetable oil.5. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used animal oil.6. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is petroleum-based oil.7. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used petroleum-based oil.8. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the oil is used motor oil.9. The system for producing the gas of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises:from 50-60% hydrogen by % Vol/Vol;from 9-16% ethane by % Vol/Vol;from 8-12% carbon monoxide by % Vol/Vol;from 5-12% ethylene by % Vol/Vol,from 3-8% methane by % Vol/Vol; andfrom 1-2% carbon dioxide by % Vol/Vol.10. A gas produced by passing exposing an oil to a plasma of an electric arc claim ...

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15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CROSSLINKING A SILICON CARBIDE FIBER PRECURSOR POLYMER

Номер: US20150018448A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure generally provides methods and apparatus for efficiently crosslinking silicon carbide fiber precursor polymers with electron beam radiation. The methods and apparatus utilize a platform containing silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer. The temperature of the platform is regulated while the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer is irradiated to thereby regulate the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer thereon. In this way, the temperature of the irradiated silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer is regulated via the platform both during and after it is subjected to radiation. At least one of the platform and the e-beam radiation mechanism may be translated with respect to the other to irradiate different portions of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer and, ultimately, the entirety of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer contained on the platform. 1. A method of crosslinking a silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer , comprising:exposing a first portion of silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer provided on a platform to e-beam radiation from an e-beam radiation mechanism;translating at least one of the platform and the e-beam radiation with respect to the other and exposing a second portion of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer to e-beam radiation; andregulating the temperature of the platform to thereby prevent the temperature of the first and second portions of the carbide fiber precursor polymer from reaching their softening point due to the e-beam radiation.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein regulating the temperature of the platform includes regulating the temperature of the platform while the first and second portions of the silicon carbide fiber precursor polymer are exposed to e-beam radiation and for a time period thereafter.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein regulating the temperature of the platform includes utilizing a heat transfer material to remove ...

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSING ENCLOSURES

Номер: US20180016745A1
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable. 1. A treatment facility comprising:a vault, having walls, ceiling, and a foundation; andwithin the vault, a material conveying system configured to convey biomass under an electron beam, wherein each of the walls comprises a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.2. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.3. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.4. The facility as in claim 1 , further comprising an electron irradiation device supported by the ceiling of the vault and disposed to irradiate biomass conveyed by the conveying system.5. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 5 Tons.6. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 10 tons.7. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs between about 5 and about 20 tons.8. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the foundation comprises a concrete slab.9. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.10. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports ceiling panels.11. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls claim 1 , ceiling and foundation are at least about 4 feet thick.12. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls claim 1 , ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

MULTI-STAGE SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20200016569A1
Принадлежит:

A method for converting hydrocarbon materials into a product includes receiving a hydrocarbon feedstock in a first reaction chamber, receiving a process gas in the first reaction chamber, and forming a first set of discharge conditions in the presence of energy from a microwave generator, in the first reaction chamber, to convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product for delivery to a second reaction chamber. The method also includes delivering the intermediate product to the second reaction chamber, forming a second set of discharge conditions, and converting the intermediate product into a final product in the second reaction chamber. 1. A method for converting hydrocarbon materials into a product , comprising:receiving, in a first chamber, a hydrocarbon feedstock;receiving, in the first reaction chamber, a process gas;delivering a first type of energy into the first reaction chamber to form a first set of process conditions that activates or ionizes the process gas and converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product;delivering the intermediate product and the activated and/or ionized process gas to a second reaction chamber;delivering a second type of energy into the second reaction chamber to form a second set of process conditions, wherein one of the first type of energy or the second type of energy comprises microwave energy and the other of the first type of energy or the second type of energy is a type of energy other than microwave energy; andusing, in the second reaction chamber in the presence of the second type of energy, the activated and/or ionized process gas to convert the intermediate product into a final product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the process gas comprises methane;the hydrocarbon feedstock comprises coal; converting the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product comprises converting the coal into a vaporized and/or aerosolized hydrocarbon; andconverting the intermediate product into the final ...

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

PURIFICATION AND DECOLORIZATION OF POLYMERS

Номер: US20190016860A1
Принадлежит:

Methods according to the present invention decolorize a polymer by mixing a solution of the polymer with a photocatalyst and exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light; by way of non-limiting example, the polymer may be a star polymer and the photocatalyst may be titanium dioxide. Methods according to the present invention also utilize a metal scavenger, in some embodiments a solid-phase metal scavenger, to remove a metal catalyst from a polymer solution; by way of non-limiting example, the metal catalyst may be a tin catalyst. The decolorization methods and the catalyst removal methods of the present invention may be practiced separately, sequentially in any order, or simultaneously. 1. A method for decolorization of a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a photocatalyst to the polymer composition, and(b) exposing the polymer composition to ultraviolet (UV) light to remove color from the polymer composition.2. A method for preparing a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a metal scavenger to the polymer composition to form a complex with a metal contaminant in the polymer composition;(b) separating the metal scavenger and metal contaminant complex from the polymer;(c) adding a photocatalyst to the polymer composition;(d) exposing the polymer composition to ultraviolet (UV) light to remove color from the polymer composition; and(e) separating the photocatalyst from the polymer composition.3. A method for preparing a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a metal scavenger to the polymer composition to form a complex with a metal contaminant in the polymer composition; and(b) separating the metal scavenger and metal contaminant complex from the polymer,wherein the metal scavenger is a metal scavenger chelating agent.4. A method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition , comprising:(a) treating a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a ...

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

Methods, Materials and Techniques for Precious Metal Recovery

Номер: US20190017145A1
Принадлежит:

Materials and methods for precious metal recovery are disclosed. Usable leaching solutions are preferably aqueous based and include appropriate materials in sufficient quantities to solubilize and stabilize precious metal. Such materials typically include oxidant material. Some or all of the oxidant material can be, in some instances, generated in-situ. The leaching solution is typically contacted with a substrate having a target precious metal, thereby solubilizing precious metal to form a stable, pregnant solution. The precious metal can then be recovered from the pregnant solution. In some instances, components of the leaching solution can be regenerated and reused in subsequent leaching. 1. A method for generating an aqueous-based leaching solution for precious metal , the method comprising:combining iodide salt material, carboxylic acid material, and water in an agitated tank, thereby producing a first mixture;passing the first mixture through an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell including conductive diamond electrodes;measuring an oxidation reduction potential of the first mixture exiting the electrochemical cell; andcontinuing to pass the first mixture through the electrochemical cell until the oxidation reduction potential is at least 540 mV SHE (standard hydrogen electrode).2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding iodate material to the agitated tank.3. The method according to claim 2 , the iodate material being one of sodium iodate and potassium iodate.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising:adding chlorite salt material to the agitated tank.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding chlorite salt material to the agitated tank.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding chloride salt material or bromide salt material to the agitated tank.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding boric acid material to the agitated tank.8. The method according to ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

LASER-COLORED SAPPHIRE MATERIAL

Номер: US20200017408A1
Принадлежит:

A colored sapphire material and methods for coloring sapphire material using lasers are disclosed. The method for coloring the sapphire material may include positioning the sapphire material over an opaque substrate material, exposing the opaque substrate material to a laser beam passing through the sapphire material to impact the substrate material, and inducing a chemical change in a portion of the sapphire material exposed to the laser beam. The method may also include creating a visible color in the portion of the sapphire material as a result of the chemical change. The colored sapphire material may include a first transparent portion, and a second, colored portion substantially surrounded by the first portion. The second, colored portion may have a chemical composition different than that of the first portion. 1. A sapphire component , comprising:a first portion; anda second portion integrally formed with the first portion and having a chemical composition that is distinct from the first portion, wherein:the second portion is optically contrasted with respect to the first portion.2. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein:the first portion is substantially transparent; andthe second portion is substantially opaque and defines a visible color distinct from a color of the first portion.3. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein the second portion has an oxygen content that is distinct from an oxygen content of the first portion.4. The sapphire component of claim 1 , wherein:the first portion defines a primary surface of the sapphire component; andthe first and second portions define a second surface of the sapphire component.5. The sapphire component of claim 4 , wherein the second portion extends from the secondary surface and towards the primary surface.6. The sapphire component of claim 5 , wherein a chemical composition of the second portion varies between the primary and secondary surfaces.7. An electronic device claim 5 , comprising:an exterior ...

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING REACTIVE GAS WITH GLOW DISCHARGES

Номер: US20170018410A1
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for generating a flow of reactive gas for decontaminating a material, surface or area, comprises a first electrode member comprising a first plurality of conductive surfaces and a second electrode member comprising a second plurality of conductive surfaces. The second electrode member is arranged in spaced relationship with the first electrode member to define a reactor channel. The conductive surfaces are exposed to the reactor channel so as to form air gaps between the first plurality of conductive surfaces and the second plurality of conductive surfaces. An air blower generates a flow of air through the reactor channel. An electric pulse generator repetitively generates voltage pulses between the first and second electrode members so as to produce glow discharges in the air gaps between the conductive surfaces of the first plurality and the conductive surfaces of the second plurality, the voltage pulses being generated at time intervals less than 1 millisecond and voltage pulse duration less than about 500 ns, the glow discharges being adapted to transform part of the flow of air into reactive gas. An output section delivers the reactive gas from the reactor channel to a sample or region to be decontaminated or treated. 1. An apparatus for generating a flow of reactive gas , comprising:a reactor channel for receiving an incoming flow of air,first and second electrode members made of an electrically conductive material, each of the first and second electrode members having at least one active surface exposed to the reactor channel, wherein the at least one active surface of the first electrode member and the at least one active surface of the second electrode member are arranged in spaced relationship to define an air gap there-between in the reactor channel,wherein the at least one active surface of the first electrode member is turned towards the second electrode member, so that an air gap is formed between each of the at least one active surface of ...

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

PLASMA EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING POWDER

Номер: US20180019105A1
Принадлежит:

A powder plasma processing apparatus is disclosed. The powder plasma processing apparatus is a powder plasma processing apparatus of a circular surface discharge plasma module, and the apparatus includes a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the circular surface discharge plasma module, an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer, and a plasma generating electrode disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the circular surface discharge plasma module rotates, an alternating voltage is applied to the plasma generating electrode and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plasma generating electrode, and a powder for plasma processing is processed by the plasma within the circular surface discharge plasma module. 17-. (canceled)8. A method of processing a powder using a powder surface processing apparatus of a rotary cylindrical surface discharge plasma module: a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module;', 'an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer; and', 'a plurality of plasma generating electrodes in the form of a bar which are disposed on the insulating layer at intervals,', 'wherein the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to rotate and the plate-like electrode layer, insulating layer, and plurality of plasma generating electrodes are configured to rotate with the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module, the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to apply an alternating voltage to the plurality of plasma generating electrodes and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plurality of plasma generating electrodes, and the cylindrical surface discharge plasma module is configured to position a powder on the plasma generating electrodes and treat the surface of the powder by the generated plasma,', 'wherein ...

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22-01-2015 дата публикации

MICROWAVE HEATER AND METHOD OF HEATING

Номер: US20150021316A1
Принадлежит:

A microwave heater and method of heating are provided. The microwave heater includes a non-resonant enclosure and a continuous helical antenna within the non-resonant enclosure. The continuous helical antenna is configured to receive therein a load to be heated by microwaves radiated from the continuous helical antenna. 140-. (canceled)41. A microwave heating system comprising:a non-resonant enclosure; anda single continuous helical antenna within the non-resonant enclosure, the continuous helical antenna configured to receive therein a load to be heated by microwaves radiated from the continuous helical antenna, the continuous helical antenna formed from a single coil element dimensioned to have a pitch, a radius, and an axial length based on the load to be heated, wherein the axial length of the continuous helical antenna is at least twice as large as a coil diameter of the continuous helical antenna, wherein the microwave heating system does not include any additional antennas for heating the load.42. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the continuous helical antenna comprises an open single ended antenna.43. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the continuous helical antenna comprises a closed loop single ended antenna.44. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the continuous helical antenna comprises an open balanced antenna.45. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the continuous helical antenna comprises a closed loop balanced antenna.46. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the continuous helical antenna comprises a resonant antenna.47. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the non-resonant enclosure has a cylindrical profile.48. A microwave heating system in accordance with wherein the non-resonant enclosure has a non-cylindrical profile.49. A microwave heating system in accordance with further comprising a coil forming the continuous helical antenna and ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING RADIONUCLIDE

Номер: US20160023182A1
Принадлежит:

A method for producing a radionuclide is provided that produces molybdenum trioxide 99 (Mo-99.O) and technetium oxide 99m (Tc-99m.O) by emitting an electron beam accelerated by an electron linear accelerator to a molybdenum trioxide 100 (Mo-100.O) powder sample, and which separates and purifies technetium oxide 99m from both the molybdenum trioxide 99 and the technetium oxide 99m by using a radionuclide separation/purification unit. The method for producing a radionuclide supplies temperature-regulated gas to the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample during an irradiation period during which the electron beam is emitted to the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample. 1. A method for producing a radionuclide that produces molybdenum trioxide 99 (Mo-99.O) and technetium oxide 99m (Tc-99m.O) by emitting an electron beam accelerated by an electron linear accelerator to a molybdenum trioxide 100 (Mo-100.O) powder sample , and which separates and purifies technetium oxide 99m from both the molybdenum trioxide 99 and the technetium oxide 99m by using a separation/purification unit , the method comprising:supplying temperature-regulated gas to the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample during an irradiation period during which the electron beam is emitted to the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample.2. The method for producing a radionuclide according to claim 1 , further comprising:vibrating the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample during the irradiation period.3. The method for producing a radionuclide according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas supplied to the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample during the irradiation period is a gas mixture of oxygen gas and noble gas.4. The method for producing a radionuclide according to claim 1 , further comprising:measuring a temperature of the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample during the irradiation period, andregulating a temperature of the gas so that the temperature of the molybdenum trioxide 100 powder sample is adjusted within a ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MICROORGANISMS

Номер: US20160023183A1
Автор: LEVIN Tamar
Принадлежит: ORTERON (T.O) LTD.

The present invention discloses a method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism. The aforementioned method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for administering modified plasma; (b) providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and (c) administering the generated modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said substrate hosting said at least one microorganism to provide said at least one biological effect to said at least one microorganism. The present invention further provides a system thereof. 1. A method for providing at least one biological effect in at least one microorganism , wherein said method comprises steps of: i. a non-thermal plasma (NTP) emitting source for emitting a NTP beam;', 'ii. a plasma coupling mechanism (PCM), said PCM comprises a plasma beam dish having at least one opening for the passage of said NTP beam; said plasma beam dish having a first surface and a second opposite surface; said first surface of said plasma beam dish is mounted with at least one coupling element selected from a group consisting of: 1. at least one ferroelectric element for providing a ferroelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 2. at least one ferromagnetic element for providing a ferromagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; 3. at least one piezoelectric element for providing a piezoelectric induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; and 4. at least one piezomagnetic element for providing a piezomagnetic induced field for coupling with said NTP beam; said system additionally comprises at least one reflecting element configured to focus said NTP beam thereby generating modified plasma beam;, 'a. providing a system for administering modified plasma, said system comprisesb. providing a substrate hosting said at least one microorganism; and,c. administering said modified plasma beam in a predetermined pulsed manner to said at least one microorganism hosted in ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Photocatalytic systems comprising graphene and associated methods

Номер: US20170021344A1
Автор: Lene Vestergaard Hau
Принадлежит: Harvard College

The present invention generally relates to photocatalytic systems comprising graphene and associated methods. Some embodiments are directed to systems comprising one or more layers of graphene having a first surface and a second, opposed surface. A light-absorbing complex may be associated with the first surface of the one or more graphene layers, and an electron donor complex may be associated with the light-absorbing complex. A catalytic complex may be associated with the first surface or the second surface of the one or more graphene layers. For example, the catalytic complex may catalyze the formation of hydrogen gas, NADH, and/or NADPH.

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

System and method for rehydrating powder and delivering the rehydrated powderto a reactor

Номер: US20180021772A1
Принадлежит: Spacepharma SA

A closed system for rehydrating powder and delivering the rehydrated powder to a reactor, may include a liquid reservoir for containing liquid; a syringe configured to contain powder to be rehydrated; a reactor; a controller for controlling operation of the syringe; and a conduit fluidically linking the liquid reservoir to a port of the syringe, fluidically linking the port to the reactor. The controller is configured to operate the syringe so as to draw liquid from the liquid reservoir into the syringe and rehydrate the powder, or to drive the rehydrated powder into the reactor.

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10-02-2022 дата публикации

Reactor for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20220040664A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns a reactor for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol comprising a support made from an electrically and thermally conductive material, forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel that passes through the support and also acting as the cathode of the reactor, at least one wire electrode forming an anode of the reactor, and extending within each longitudinal channel, and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of the longitudinal channel, each wire electrode optionally being covered with an electrically insulating layer along the part of the wire electrode extending within the longitudinal channel, a catalyst capable of catalysing a conversion reaction for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst being situated between the wire electrode and the wall or walls of each longitudinal channel. 11. A reactor () for conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol , comprising:{'b': 2', '2', '3', '2', '1, 'a support () made of electrically and thermally conductive material, said support () forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel () which passes through the support () and also acts as cathode of the reactor ()'}{'b': 4', '1', '4', '3', '3', '3', '4', '5', '4', '3, 'at least one wire electrode () forming an anode of the reactor (), each wire electrode () extending within each longitudinal channel (), along said longitudinal channel (), and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of said longitudinal channel (), each wire electrode () being optionally covered by an electrically insulating layer () along the part of the wire electrode () extending within said longitudinal channel (),'}{'b': 6', '6', '4', '3, 'a catalyst () adapted to catalyse a conversion reaction of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst () being ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Nanofluid coolant

Номер: US20170022405A1
Принадлежит: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS

Technologies are generally described for forming a nanofluid coolant and structures including a nanofluid coolant. In an example, a method of forming a nanofluid coolant may comprise combining a compound with an acid and with purified water to form a solution. The compound may include manganese. The method may further include heating the solution and, after heating the solution, cooling the solution effective to form at least one precipitate that includes manganese and oxygen. The method may further include filtering the at least one precipitate to form a powder that includes manganese oxide nanotubes. The method may further include functionalizing the nanotubes by irradiating them with UV radiation. The method may further include combining the functionalized manganese oxide nanotubes with a polar solvent to form the nanofluid coolant.

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Method of synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves

Номер: US20170022635A1
Принадлежит: UT Battelle LLC

A method for synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves is provided. The method includes providing a solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, adding sodium citrate and ammonium hydroxide to form a first mixture, adding a silica-based compound to the solution to form a second mixture, and sonicating the second mixture to synthesize a plurality of silica nanofibers having an average cross-sectional diameter of less than 70 nm and having a length on the order of at least several hundred microns. The method can be performed without heating or electrospinning, and instead includes less energy intensive strategies that can be scaled up to an industrial scale. The resulting nanofibers can achieve a decreased mean diameter over conventional fibers. The decreased diameter generally increases the tensile strength of the silica nanofibers, as defects and contaminations decrease with the decreasing diameter.

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

CARBON BLACK GENERATING SYSTEM

Номер: US20180022925A1
Принадлежит: MONOLITH MATERIALS, INC.

Apparatus and process for the continuous production of carbon black or carbon containing compounds. The process is performed by converting a carbon containing feedstock, including generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, accelerating the plasma gas through a nozzle, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area where feedstock is injected under conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, including intense rapid mixing between the plasma gas and feedstock occurs. There is no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma chamber, and the reaction zone does not immediately come into contact with any contact surfaces. The products of reaction are cooled, and the carbon black or carbon containing compounds are separated from the other reaction products. 1. An enclosed particle generating reactor comprising a plasma generating section containing one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes , connected to a reactor section containing hydrocarbon injectors , the interior dimension of the reactor section being reduced by at least 10% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes , and the hydrocarbon injectors being either at the point of maximum reactor size reduction or further downstream from the plasma generating electrodes.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 20% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 30% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interior dimension of the reactor section is reduced by at least 40% downstream from the plasma generating electrodes5. The reactor of claim 1 , additionally containing one or more of a heat exchanger connected to the reactor claim 1 , a filter connected to the heat exchanger claim 1 , a degas ...

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24-01-2019 дата публикации

PLASMA ABATEMENT OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HEAVY ATOMS

Номер: US20190022577A9
Принадлежит:

A plasma abatement process for abating effluent containing compounds from a processing chamber is described. A plasma abatement process takes gaseous foreline effluent from a processing chamber, such as a deposition chamber, and reacts the effluent within a plasma chamber placed in the foreline path. The plasma dissociates the compounds within the effluent, converting the effluent into more benign compounds. Abating reagents may assist in the abating of the compounds. The abatement process may be a volatizing or a condensing abatement process. Representative volatilizing abating reagents include, for example, CH, HO, H, NF, SF, F, HCl, HF, Cl, and HBr. Representative condensing abating reagents include, for example, H, HO, O, N, O, CO, CO, NH, NO, CH, and combinations thereof. 1. An apparatus for abating effluent from a processing chamber , comprising: a first plate having an outer edge and an inner edge;', 'a second plate parallel to the first plate, wherein the second plate has an outer edge and an inner edge;', 'an outer wall disposed between the outer edges of the first and second plates;', 'an electrode disposed between the inner edges of the first and second plates;', 'a first plurality of magnets disposed on the first plate; and', 'a second plurality of magnets disposed on the second plate; and, 'a plasma source coupled to a foreline of a deposition chamber, the plasma source comprising{'sub': 3', '4', '4', '3', '4', '6', '8', '4', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4, 'a reagent source positioned upstream of the plasma source, wherein the reagent source is coupled with the plasma source, and wherein the reagent source is configured to deliver an abating reagent to the plasma source, the abating reagent selected from the group comprising BCl, CCl, SiCl, NF, SF, SF, SF, a reducing compound, a halogenated etching compound, CH, H, F, HCl, HF, Cl, HBr, O, N, O, CO, CO, NH, NO, CH, and combinations thereof.'}2. An apparatus for abating effluent from a ...

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10-02-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING GASES

Номер: US20220041439A1
Принадлежит:

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system. 1. A method for processing a methane-containing inflow gas to produce outflow gas products , comprising directing the methane-containing inflow gas into a system comprising: a gas delivery subsystem , a plasma reaction chamber , a microwave subsystem , a vacuum subsystem , and an effluent separation and disposal subsystem; wherein the gas injector comprises an injector body comprising two or more separate gas feeds, a first gas feed conveying the methane-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber through a first set of one or more nozzles, and a second gas feed conveying a hydrogen-rich reactant gas into the plasma reaction chamber through a second set of one or more nozzles,', 'wherein the delivery conduit is in fluid communication with the gas injector, wherein the delivery conduit comprises a feed gas conveying circuit that delivers the methane-containing inflow gas into the gas injector, and', 'wherein the delivery conduit further comprises an auxiliary gas conveying circuit that delivers the hydrogen-rich reactant gas into the gas injector, each of the methane-containing inflow gas and the ...

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28-01-2021 дата публикации

Gas-to-liquid reactor and method of using

Номер: US20210023524A1
Принадлежит: Plasmerica LLC

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.

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28-01-2021 дата публикации

MICROWAVE HEATING METHOD, MICROWAVE HEATING APPARATUS, AND CHEMICAL REACTION METHOD

Номер: US20210023526A1

A microwave heating method using a microwave, including: controlling a frequency of the microwave, to form a single-mode standing wave; disposing an object to be heated in a magnetic field region where a strength of a magnetic field formed by the single-mode standing wave is uniform and maximum; and heating the object to be heated by magnetic heat generation by magnetic loss caused by an action of the magnetic field of the magnetic field region, and/or induction heating by an induced current generated in the object to be heated due to the magnetic field of the magnetic field region. 1. A microwave heating method using a microwave , including:controlling a frequency of the microwave, to form a single-mode standing wave;disposing an object to be heated in a magnetic field region where a strength of a magnetic field formed by the single-mode standing wave is uniform and maximum; andheating the object to be heated by magnetic heat generation by magnetic loss caused by an action of the magnetic field of the magnetic field region, and/or induction heating by an induced current generated in the object to be heated due to the magnetic field of the magnetic field region.2. The microwave heating method according to claim 1 , wherein the single-mode standing wave is TM(where n is an integer of 1 or more) mode or TE(where n is an integer of 1 or more) mode.3. The microwave heating method according to claim 1 , wherein the object to be heated is an electrode pattern disposed on a base and an electrical connection electrode of a device.4. The microwave heating method according to claim 3 , wherein the electrode pattern and the electrode connection electrode are heated claim 3 , to heat and melt solder disposed on the electrode pattern.5. The microwave heating method according to claim 3 , wherein a resonator configured to generate the single-mode standing wave is a cylindrical resonator or a rectangular tubular resonator claim 3 ,wherein the resonator configured to generate the ...

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02-02-2017 дата публикации

ENHANCED PHOTO-CATALYTIC CELLS

Номер: US20170028093A1
Автор: Tupman David E.
Принадлежит:

A photo-catalytic cell may produce bactericidal molecules in air by passing air across catalyst coated targets. Ultraviolet (UV) energy may be emitted from a source. A first portion of the UV energy from the source may be applied directly onto the targets. A second portion of the UV energy from the source may be reflected onto the targets. 1. An apparatus for ionizing air , the apparatus comprising: an inner side arranged to receive ultra-violet (“UV”) energy from a UV emitter,', 'an outer side that abuts a region where an airflow is unobstructed,', 'a plurality of passages extending continuously between the inner side and the outer side, and', 'a photo-catalytic coating on the plurality of passages, wherein the photo-catalytic coating comprises titanium dioxide;, 'a first target includinga first reflector configured to reflect UV energy from the UV emitter towards the photo-catalytic coating of the first target, wherein the first reflector is a specular UV reflector; and receive, through the inner side and at the photo-catalytic coating, UV energy from the UV emitter and UV energy from the first reflector, wherein incident angles of specularly reflected UV ray paths received from the first reflector are greater than incident angles of UV ray paths received directly from the UV emitter,', 'ionize air in response to the received UV energy, and', 'pass the airflow from the inner side and through the plurality of passages to carry the ionized air away from the outer side., 'wherein the first target is arranged to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a reflecting surface of the first reflector is electrically conductive.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first reflector comprises micro-polished stainless steel.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first reflector comprises a material that does not readily oxidize.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first reflector comprises a material having a UV reflectivity of about 90% or greater at UV wavelengths of ...

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02-02-2017 дата публикации

Unit for chlorine dioxide generation and chlorine dioxide generation device

Номер: US20170028371A1
Принадлежит: Taiko Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit that can release practically sufficient amount of chlorine dioxide for an extended period of time while being compact. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit, characterized in that said unit comprises an agent storage space portion and at least two light source portions, said light source portion is for generating light consisting of wavelengths substantially in the visible region, said agent storage space portion stores an agent comprising solid chlorite, and said agent storage space portion comprises one or more openings so that air could move in and out of said agent storage space portion, wherein chlorine dioxide gas is generated by irradiating said light generated from said light source portion onto said agent present inside said agent storage space portion.

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02-02-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR CONDUCTING SONOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PROCESSING LIQUIDS

Номер: US20170028375A1
Автор: Kozyuk Oleg
Принадлежит:

A device for processing a liquid via hydrodynamic cavitation, the device including a housing, a channel element and a rotor, the channel element defining a channel and having at least one discharge orifice extending from the channel perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel element. The rotor has a rotor channel and rotates about the portion of the channel element containing the discharge orifice, to periodically open and close the discharge orifice, thereby creating a water hammer hydraulic pulse in the channel. 1. A device for processing a liquid comprising a housing , a channel element and a rotor , the channel element being connected to the housing and extending at least partially within the housing , a distal portion of the channel element having a cylindrical external surface , the channel element having a first longitudinal axis , the channel element having at least one discharge orifice having a second longitudinal axis which extends through a point on the first longitudinal axis and is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis , the rotor being mounted on a shaft and being located within the housing , the rotor having a cylindrical internal surface facing the channel element cylindrical external surface , the rotor having at least one rotor channel having a third longitudinal axis which is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis , the rotor being rotatable about the distal portion of the channel element such that , as the rotor rotates , the rotor channel will periodically line up with the discharge orifice so that the discharge orifice is open , the channel element having at least one local constriction which defines an opening and which is located upstream from the discharge orifice.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the rotor is rotatable about the distal portion of the channel element such that claim 1 , as the rotor rotates claim 1 , the discharge orifice is periodically closed by being covered by the internal surface of the rotor.3 ...

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02-02-2017 дата публикации

DIAMOND ELECTRON EMITTER USING AMINO-TERMINATION

Номер: US20170028378A1
Принадлежит:

Methods for the photoreduction of molecules are provided, the methods comprising illuminating an amino-terminated diamond surface comprising amino groups covalently bound to the surface of diamond with light comprising a wavelength sufficient to excite an electronic transition defined by the energy band structure of the amino-terminated diamond, thereby inducing the emission of electrons from the amino-terminated diamond surface into a sample comprising molecules to be reduced, wherein the emitted electrons induce the reduction of the molecules to form a reduction product; and collecting the reduction product. 1. A method for the photoreduction of molecules , the method comprising:(a) illuminating an amino-terminated diamond surface comprising amino groups covalently bound to the surface of diamond with light comprising a wavelength sufficient to excite an electronic transition defined by the energy band structure of the amino-terminated diamond, thereby inducing the emission of electrons from the amino-terminated diamond surface into a sample comprising molecules to be reduced, wherein the emitted electrons induce the reduction of the molecules to form a reduction product; and(b) collecting the reduction product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino groups are directly covalently bound to the surface of diamond.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino groups are selected from the group consisting of primary amino groups claim 1 , secondary amino groups claim 1 , tertiary amino groups claim 1 , protonated primary amino groups claim 1 , protonated secondary amino groups claim 1 , protonated tertiary amino groups claim 1 , quaternary amino groups claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino groups are selected from —NRRgroups claim 1 , —NRRR groups claim 1 , and combinations thereof claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , Rand Rare independently selected from hydrogen claim 1 , alkyl and aryl groups.5. The method of claim 4 , ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

HIGH-THROUGHPUT PARTICLE PRODUCTION USING A PLASMA SYSTEM

Номер: US20160030910A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a nanoparticle production system and methods of using the system. The nanoparticle production system includes a plasma gun including a male electrode, a female electrodes and a working gas supply configured to deliver a working gas in a vortexing helical flow direction across a plasma generation region. The system also includes a continuous feed system, a quench chamber, a cooling conduit that includes a laminar flow disruptor, a system overpressure module, and a conditioning fluid purification and recirculation system. 1. A nanoparticle production system comprising:a plasma gun comprising a male electrode, a female electrodes and a working gas supply configured to deliver a working gas in a vortexing helical flow direction across a plasma generation region formed between the male electrode and the female electrode;a continuous feed systems configured to feed material into the plasma gun at a rate of at least 9 grams/minute;a quench chamber positioned after the plasma gun and including at least one reaction mixture input and at least one conditioning fluid input;a cooling conduit configured to conduct nanoparticles entrained in a conditioning fluid flow from the quench chamber to a collector, wherein the cooling conduit comprises a laminar flow disruptor;a system overpressure module that maintains a pressure in the system above a measured ambient pressure; anda conditioning fluid purification and recirculation system.2. The nanoparticle production system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous feed system comprises a reciprocating member to continually clear out a material feed supply channel during operation of the nanoparticle production system.3. The nanoparticle production system of claim 2 , wherein the reciprocating member reciprocates at a rate of at least 2 times per second.4. The nanoparticle production system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous feed system comprises a pulsing gas jet to continually clear out a material feed ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

Generator Device of Cold Plasma and Related Method for Producing Chemical Substances

Номер: US20160030912A1
Автор: Aldo Mango
Принадлежит: AMLIKA MERCANTILE PRIVATE Ltd

The present invention relates to a device for generating cold plasma to be used in the process chemical industry, in particular for producing chemical substances, above all acids such as for example nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The invention also relates to reactors and plants involving said cold plasma generator device and to corresponding chemical processes based thereupon. The device and the associated method of the present invention allow producing with high efficiency several chemical substances, in particular acids. The invention also keeps the several advantages of using the cold plasma technology, in particular the one of not requiring catalysts and/or high reaction temperatures.

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF IRRADIATING A MAGNETIC FLUID CONTAINING A SEMICONDUCTOR PIGMENT AND METAL MICROPARTICLES WITH MICROWAVES, THEREBY CREATINGMIXED-PHASE FLUID, AND AMPLIFYING THE SUPERFLUID STATE ENERGY BY MEANS OF THE QUANTUM TURBULENCE PHENOMENON.

Номер: US20160030913A1
Автор: KONO Buhei, KONO Kazuhito
Принадлежит:

A method of amplifying the energy of a superfluid by irradiating a paramagnetic body, diamagnetic body, ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metal microparticles with microwaves, thereby creating a superfluid phenomenon to generate superfluid energy, wherein a mixed phase electromagnetic fluid containing a semiconductor pigment is created and irradiated with microwaves, and when an external magnetic field is applied thereto, quantum chaos occurs, generating quantum turbulence phenomenon, thereby amplifying the energy of superfluid. Microparticles of an element, an oxide or a compound that creates a superfluid phenomenon in microwave band, are sorted from a diamagnetic or a paramagnetic material according to microwave frequency, and introduced into a mixed liquor containing a surfactant and a liquid characterized by containing an organic polyphenol. By activating the reaction of surface electrons, the mixed liquor is converted into a structure having a certain degree of magnetization. Superfluid energy is generated by ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic microparticles, metal microparticles, and carbon material at ambient temperature and ambient pressure, quantum chaos occurs in the mixed phase electromagnetic fluid with mixed phase semiconductor pigment, and the energy of the superfluid is amplified by quantum turbulence phenomenon. 1. An amplification method of superfluid energy of multiple phase magnetic fluid by quantum turbulence occurring quantum chaos and quantum soliton of Alfven waves under quantum effect of coherent Bose-Einstein condensation of electromagnetic waves or light interaction with multiple phase magnetic fluid comprising steps of:{'sub': 4', '7', '2', '3, 'inducion magnetoplasmon effect, using paramagnetic particles, component or oxidized particles of Titan, Vanadium, Platinum, Stannum, Tungsten, Aluminum, Zyrconia, Neodymium, Molybdenum and Paradium and Copper, Zinc, Silicon, Silver, Cadmium, Selenium, Stannum, Platinum, Stibium, Hydragyrum, Indium, ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Fluid Purification

Номер: US20160031733A1
Автор: Scheurer Greg
Принадлежит:

A fluid purification system (FPS) is provided and includes a fluid inlet, an injection manifold defining at least one manifold fluid flow path and at least one gas/fluid flow path. The injection manifold is configured to receive a fluid flowing into the fluid inlet such that the fluid flows through the manifold fluid flow path, wherein the injection manifold is configured to controllably divert at least a portion of the fluid to flow through the fluid/gas flow path and back into the manifold fluid flow path. The FPS further includes a singlet oxygen generator for generating singlet oxygen Ocommunicated with the injection manifold such that the singlet oxygen Ois controllably injectable into the gas/fluid flow path and a contact chamber, wherein the contact chamber is in flow communication with the manifold fluid flow path to receive the fluid flowing within the manifold fluid flow path. 1. A fluid purification system , comprising:a fluid inlet for receiving a fluid;an injection manifold defining at least one manifold fluid flow path and at least one gas/fluid flow path, wherein the at least one gas/fluid flow path is in flow communication with the at least one manifold fluid flow part, the injection manifold being configured to receive the fluid flowing into the fluid inlet such that the fluid flowing into the fluid inlet flows through the at least one manifold fluid flow path, wherein the injection manifold is further configured to controllably divert at least a portion of the fluid flowing through the at least one manifold fluid flow path to flow through the at least one fluid/gas flow path and back into the at least one manifold fluid flow path;{'sub': 1', '1, 'a singlet oxygen generator for generating singlet oxygen Ocommunicated with the injection manifold such that the singlet oxygen Ois controllably injectable into the at least one gas/fluid flow path;'}at least one contact chamber defining a contact chamber flow path, wherein the contact chamber is in flow ...

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31-01-2019 дата публикации

ENHANCED PHOTO-CATALYTIC CELLS

Номер: US20190030203A1
Принадлежит:

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces. 1 receive direct ultra-violet (“UV”) energy from a first UV emitter, and', 'reflect the direct UV energy from the first UV emitter to form reflected UV energy;, 'a first reflector arranged toa target including: receive direct UV energy from the first UV emitter, and', 'receive the reflected UV energy from the first reflector; and, 'a first face arranged toa second face arranged to receive direct UV energy from a second UV emitter; anda photo-catalytic coating on the first and second faces of the target.. An apparatus for ionizing air, the apparatus comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/284,743 filed on Oct. 4, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/065,041 filed on Oct. 28, 2013, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,122 on Oct. 4, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/225,812 filed on Sep. 6, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,980 on Nov. 19, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/115,546 filed on May 25, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,979 on Nov. 19, 2016, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/380,462 filed on Sep. 7, 2010, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.Not ApplicableNot ApplicableThe present invention generally relates to methods and apparatuses for producing an enhanced ionized cloud of bactericidal ...

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

A NOVEL CATALYTIC MULTI-REACTION ZONE REACTOR SYSTEM

Номер: US20200031681A1
Автор: Akay Galip
Принадлежит:

The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-). 1. A production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor , comprising:a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction and/or conversion into ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen with catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone,{'b': '1', 'b) realizing absorption in at least one secondary reaction zone by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone, wherein the secondary reaction zone is not separated from the primary reaction zone by discrete physical barriers.'}2. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperatures of each reaction zone are controlled by means of at least one heating/cooling coil.3. Production method according to claim 2 , wherein in said heating/cooling coil claim 2 , at least one of nitrogen claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , and ammonia is circulated.4. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , a temperature of the primary reaction zone is in a range from 100 and 300° C.5. Production method according to claim 4 , wherein in step (a) claim 4 , the temperature of the primary reaction zone is in a range from 200 and 250° C.6. Production method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (b) claim 1 , the ...

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04-02-2021 дата публикации

GAS-TO-GAS REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING

Номер: US20210032183A1
Автор: Manning Dennis Keith
Принадлежит:

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas. 1. A method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon , comprising:providing a first gas phase hydrocarbon; andsubjecting the first gas phase hydrocarbon to a plasma created by an electrostatic field, whereby a second gas phase hydrocarbon is obtained, wherein the second gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, ethylene, acetylene, propene, propyne, allene, isobutene, 2-butene, 2-methyl-butane, 2,2-dimethyl-butane, 2,3-dimethyl-butane, and 3-methyl-pentane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is an oscillating field.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 60 to 1000 Hz.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the field oscillates at a frequency from 300 to 600 Hz.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 1000 to 100 claim 1 ,000 volts.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic field is from 10 claim 1 ,000 to 50 claim 1 ,000 volts.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at ambient temperature.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 100 PSIG.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting to a plasma is conducted at atmospheric pressure.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas phase hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ...

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01-05-2014 дата публикации

Composite structure for an artificial photosynthesis reaction and integrated reaction device for artificial photosynthesis including same, and composite structure for a water splitting reaction and integrated reaction device for water splitting including same

Номер: US20140120000A1
Автор: Kyung Byung Yoon
Принадлежит: SOGANG UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION

The present disclosure relates to a novel composite structure for artificial photosynthesis reaction and an integrated reaction device for artificial photosynthesis including the same, and a novel composite structure for water splitting reaction and an integrated reaction device for water splitting including the same.

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

Photo-Catalyzing Fluid Mobilizing System And Method

Номер: US20160038625A1
Автор: Rolf Engelhard
Принадлежит: Individual

A photo-catalyzing fluid mobilizing system and method are disclosed. A chamber has a power source. A fluid mobilizer is mounted in the chamber and connected with the power source to mobilize a fluid through the chamber. The fluid mobilizer includes one or more fan blades that are coated with a photo catalyst. A UV light source is mounted in the chamber proximate the fluid mobilizer and connected with the power source to catalyze the photo catalyst coating the blades to purifier the fluid being mobilized thereover.

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS AND PETROLEUM CONTAINING MATERIALS

Номер: US20160038905A1
Автор: Medoff Marshall
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method comprising:processing a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material that has been exposed to irradiation by a plurality of charged particles performed under an oxidizing environment, to produce a product or intermediate;the irradiation providing a dose of greater than 10 Mrad to the cellulosic or lignocellulosic material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing environment comprises a fluid having been introduced into the path of the charged particles.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of air claim 2 , oxygen claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , nitrogen claim 2 , argon claim 2 , helium claim 2 , reactive gases claim 2 , and mixtures of these.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reactive gases comprises ozone and/or oxides of nitrogen.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid comprises hydrogen peroxide.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing environment comprises an aqueous alkaline solution claim 1 , the solution comprising one or more alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the oxidizing environment further comprises a reactive gas.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing environment provides for selective removal of lignin from lignocellulosic material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing environment comprises nascent oxygen.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation dose is provided at a dose rate of about 1 Mrad/s to about 10 Mrad/s.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic or lignocellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of: plant waste claim 1 , agricultural waste claim 1 , forestry waste claim ...

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: US20160038906A1
Автор: Medoff Marshall
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method comprising:(a) providing a dry biomass to a feedstock transport device;(b) inducing a localized vibration motion in the feedstock transport device so as to distribute the dry biomass; and,(c) after step (b), irradiating the dry biomass with an electron beam.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electron beam is provided by an electron beam irradiation device.3. The method of claim 2 , the electron beam irradiation device produces a scanning beam.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry biomass is mechanically processed prior to irradiation.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mechanical processing reduces the average length of fibers in the dry biomass.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mechanical processing comprises shearing.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry biomass is a particulate material.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry biomass is a fibrous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a starchy claim 1 , cellulosic or lignocellulosic material.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a total dose of electron beam radiation applied to the dry biomass is about 10 Mrad to 100 Mrad.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises double-passing the dry biomass through the electron beam.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry biomass is distributed on or in the feedstock transport device in a uniform thickness.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the uniform thickness is less than 0.5 inches.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the uniform thickness is from 1 to 2 inches.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiated biomass is further processed through a sonication device.16. ...

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE PLATELETS IN ARC PLASMA

Номер: US20160038907A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing graphene includes a discharge assembly and a substrate assembly. The discharge assembly includes a cathode and an anode, which in one embodiment are offset from each other. The anode produces a flux stream that is deposited onto a substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene. 1. A graphene producing device comprising: a substrate , a graphite cathode , a carbon anode , wherein said cathode and anode create an arc discharge producing a flux stream and are configured to deposit material from the flux stream on said substrate.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a collection device configured to remove the deposited material from said substrate.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said collection device comprises a brush.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein collection device removing the deposited material from said substrate simultaneous with the anode depositing material on said substrate.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the flux stream comprises a carbon vapor and the deposit on said substrate comprises graphene.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is heated by the flux stream.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said anode has a longitudinal axis and said cathode has a longitudinal axis claim 1 , and wherein the anode longitudinal axis is offset from the cathode longitudinal axis.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said substrate has a cylindrical shape with a central bore forming an interior surface claim 1 , said anode is received in the central bore claim 1 , and the flux stream deposits material on the interior surface of said substrate.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the anode is a rod that is at least partially concentrically arranged inside said cylindrical substrate whereby an inside diameter of said cylindrical substrate is greater than an outer diameter of said anode.10. The ...

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09-02-2017 дата публикации

RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSING ENCLOSURES

Номер: US20170036185A1
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable. 125-. (canceled)26. A treatment facility comprising:a vault, having walls, ceiling, and a foundation; andwithin the vault, a material conveying system configured to convey biomass under an electron beam, wherein each of the walls comprises a plurality of discrete concrete units.27. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.28. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the foundation comprises a concrete slab.29. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the vault is re-configurable.30. The facility as in claim 26 , further comprising an electron irradiation device supported by the ceiling of the vault and disposed to irradiate biomass conveyed by the conveying system.31. The facility as in claim 30 , wherein the irradiation device weighs between about 5 and about 20 tons.32. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein each concrete unit has a volume of between about 6 ftand 200 ft.33. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the walls comprise interlocking concrete blocks.34. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete claim 26 , high density concrete claim 26 , pre-tensioned concrete claim 26 , lead containing concrete claim 26 , rebar containing concrete and combinations thereof.35. The facility as in claim 26 , wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete concrete units.36. The facility as in claim 35 , wherein the concrete is selected from the group consisting of regular concrete claim 35 , high density ...

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09-02-2017 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: US20170036186A1
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

NITROUS ACID GENERATOR

Номер: US20160039675A1
Принадлежит:

A nitrous acid generator includes a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid; a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen; a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage therebetween, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide; a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; and a cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member. 1. A nitrous acid generator comprising:a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid;a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen;a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide;a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; anda cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member.2. The nitrous acid generator according to claim 1 , wherein the gas-liquid contact member ...

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING POLYCHLOROSILANES

Номер: US20160039681A1
Принадлежит: EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparation of polychlorosilanes from monomeric chlorosilanes, by subjecting the chlorosilanes to a thermal plasma. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are polyperchlorosilanes having 2 to 8 silicon atoms.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity hexachlorodisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity octachlorotrisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity decachlorotetrasilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity dodecachloropentasilane and a mixture thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polychlorosilanes prepared are selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity hexachlorodisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity octachlorotrisilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity decachlorotetrasilane and an ultrahigh-purity dodecachloropentasilane claim 1 , each of the group having a titanium content of below 10 ppm.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorosilanes are one or more selected from the group consisting of an ultrahigh-purity tetrachlorosilane claim 1 , an ultrahigh-purity trichlorosilane and an ultrahigh-purity dichlorosilane.6. The process according to being performed in an apparatus comprising a gas discharge reactor the gas discharge reactor comprising a first column and a second column.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein:the first column comprises a first column inlet for removal of the polychlorosilanes upstream of the gas discharge reactor;the second column comprises a second column inlet for removal of low boilers downstream of the gas discharge reactor;the second column comprises a column outlet comprising condenser for condensation of the low boilers; the condenser comprises a recycle line which feeds the low boilers to the first column or the gas discharge reactor.8. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the chlorosilane of the ...

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20180036706A1
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled. 1. A method of conveying a material under an electron beam , the method comprising:{'sup': '3', 'exposing a biomass material having a bulk density of less than 0.7 g/cmto an electron beam while conveying the biomass material on a conveyor,'}wherein the biomass material is treated with electron bombardment having energies of 0.5-10 MeV via the electron beam.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conveyer is a vibratory conveyor.3. The method of where the vibratory conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor trough conveying the biomass.4. The method of wherein vibratory conveyor trough comprises a first surface of the vibratory conveyor trough conveying the biomass claim 3 , and the method further comprises cooling a second surface of the vibratory conveyor trough claim 3 , wherein the first and second surfaces of the vibratory conveyor trough are in thermal communication.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total electron beam power has at least 50 kW of power.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vibratory conveyor is oscillated in a direction parallel to the direction of conveying and perpendicular to the scan horn of the electron beam.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vibratory conveyor comprises a metal claim 2 , alloys of ...

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR, PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

Номер: US20180036721A1
Принадлежит:

A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor according to the present disclosure includes: forming an oxide on a base material, the oxide containing at least one kind of transition metal; and preparing a photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide by subjecting the oxide to a treatment with a plasma of a nitrogen-containing gas which is generated at a frequency in a VHF range under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. 1. A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor , the method comprising treating an oxide containing at least one transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide ,whereinthe plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode, andthe gas is any one of:(i) a nitrogen gas;(ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas;(iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a visible light-responsive photocatalyst.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas is any one of:(ii) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas and a rare gas, andthe oxygen gas has a partial pressure of not more than 0.1%.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe transition metal is at least one selected from vanadium, niobium, and tantalum.5. The method according to claim 4 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a niobium-containing nitride or a niobium-containing oxynitride.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe plasma has a rotation temperature of 480 K to 1100 K.7. The ...

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11-02-2016 дата публикации

Techniques for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Номер: US20160040303A1
Принадлежит: International Business Machines Corp

Techniques for photocatalytic hydrogen generation are provided. In one aspect, a hydrogen producing cell is provided. The hydrogen producing cell includes an anode electrode; a photocatalytic material adjacent to the anode electrode; a solid electrolyte adjacent to a side of the photocatalytic material opposite the anode electrode; and a cathode electrode adjacent to a side of the solid electrolyte opposite the photocatalytic material. A solar hydrogen producing system including at least one solar concentrating assembly having the hydrogen producing cell, and a method for producing hydrogen using the hydrogen producing cell are also provided.

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL HYDROCARBON

Номер: US20180037823A1
Принадлежит: Bio Hitech Energy Co.

There is provided a fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus, including a water treatment tank configured to create activated water; a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics; a plurality of UV lamp; a water tank configured to receive activated water from the water treatment tank; an oil tank configured to contain original oil; a inline mixer configured to break down water and oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture; a emulsion tank; a reactor tank configured to produce new oil; a water-oil separator configured to divide new oil from remaining water; and a return conduit configured to supply new oil back to the oil tank. 1. A fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus , comprising:a water treatment tank configured to generate an activated water;a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics therein;a plurality of UV lamp configured to provide UV light to titanium oxide coated ceramics inside the plurality of quartz tubes;a water feeding pump configured to circulate water inside the water treatment tank to the plurality of quartz tubes;a water tank configured to receive the activated water from the water treatment tank;an oil tank configured to contain original oil;a inline mixer configured to break down the activated water and original oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture;a emulsion tank configured to contain the emulsified mixture;a reactor tank configured to receive the emulsified mixture and produce a new oil;a water-oil separator configured to divide the new oil from a remaining water; anda return conduit configured to supply the new oil back to the oil tank.2. The fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein the water treatment tank includes:a nano-bubble generator submerged in the water inside the water treatment tank to provide nano-bubble to the water;a first carbon dioxide generator configured to ...

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12-02-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

Номер: US20150041309A1
Автор: Spitzl Ralf
Принадлежит:

Method and device for the production of acetylene using plasma technology, wherein a gas containing at least one type of hydrocarbon is fed into a non-thermal plasma of a plasma source. 1. A process for the production of acetylene using plasma technology , wherein a gas containing at least one kind of hydrocarbon is passed into a non-thermal plasma of a plasma source comprising a reaction chamber , the microwave power being at least 3 kW.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the microwave power is 3 kW to 1 MW.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma source is excited with an excitation frequency which is in the range of 0.1-500 GHz.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in addition to the hydrocarbon-containing gas claim 1 , at least one process gas is added which contains elements selected from the group consisting of hydrogen claim 1 , argon claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , helium claim 1 , fluorine claim 1 , chlorine and neon claim 1 , or their chemical compounds claim 1 , and/or still liquid reactants are added claim 1 , and/or still solid materials are added claim 1 , wholly or partly comprised of catalyst materials claim 1 , and optionally the liquid or solid additives are separated again from the output gas stream claim 1 , optionally processed claim 1 , and then reintroduced into the inlet gas stream.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon proportion of the gas flowing from the reaction chamber which has not been converted to acetylene claim 1 , is separated from the residual gases and the acetylene and then reintroduced completely or partially into the reaction chamber.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein an excess of hydrogen in the H/C ratio of greater than 10/1prevails in the reaction chamber.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a pressure of 0.1 mbar to 1 bar claim 1 , is present in the reaction chamber during plasma catalysis.8. The process according to ...

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