Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Gas-Liquid Contactor

A contactor for reacting a flow of gas with a liquid, comprises a vessel, a first chamber in the vessel and a second chamber in the vessel, the first and second chambers being linked only by a porous wall, and means for directing ultrasonic noise into at least one of the first and second chambers.

Combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor

A combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor includes a rectangular or cylindrical electrically insulative housing and a plurality of reactor units arranged in a parallel or series manner in the housing in a rectangular or circular array. Each reactor unit includes a hollow cylindrical electrode and a rod electrode extending along the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical electrode and a DC working voltage 6 kv-500 kv applied to each reactor unit between the respective hollow cylindrical electrode and the respective rod electrode. The combination dielectric barrier discharge reactor is a modularized structure constructed subject to actual requirements, practical for decomposing waste lubricating oil, insulation oil, milling oil and smokes discharged from a kitchen, smoking room, motor vehicle or machine.

Fluid treatment apparatus

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: a reactor vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet and an outlet to allow fluid to flow through the chamber; a UV light source adapted to transmit light within the chamber; and a plurality of catalyst members comprising a catalytic outer surface, the catalyst members being freely contained within the chamber, wherein the apparatus is adapted to cause the catalyst members to move around within the chamber as fluid flows through the chamber.

Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

SYMMETRICAL CCC-NHC PINCER METAL COMPLEXES AND SYMMETRICAL BIMETALLIC COMPLEXES: BIO-ACTIVITY, AND APPLICATIONS TO ORGANIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND ENERGY-RELATED CATALYTIC METHODS

Provided herein are a symmetrical pincer metal and bimetallic complexes. The symmetrical pincer metal complex includes a structure according to Formula I: 2. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a positively charged ligand.3. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a negatively charged ligand.4. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is selected from the group consisting of monodentate claim 1 , bidentate claim 1 , and tridentate ligands.5. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is selected from the group consisting of halogen claim 1 , alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , biaryl claim 1 , substituted aryl claim 1 , aryloxy claim 1 , acetate claim 1 , trifluoroacetate claim 1 , and alkoxy.6. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein at least one L is a halogen.7. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 6 , wherein the alkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 6 , ethyl claim 6 , propyl claim 6 , butyl claim 6 , pentyl claim 6 , and hexyl.8. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 6 , wherein the substituted aryl is a fluoro substituted aryl.9. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl of R is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , pentyl claim 1 , and hexyl.10. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of a transitional metal claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , and Re.11. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Ni.13. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Pt.15. The symmetrical pincer metal complex of claim 10 , wherein M is Pd.18. The symmetrical ...

SIMULTANEOUS ON-SITE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES FROM AIR AND WATER IN A LOW POWER FLOWING LIQUID FILM PLASMA DISCHARGE FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE

A reactor system that includes a single reactor or a plurality of parallel reactors. A method that includes injecting a mixture including liquid water and a gas, into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region; propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor; dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products; producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products. 1. A method comprising:injecting a mixture comprising liquid water and a gas,into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region;propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor;dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products;producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products;dissolving the hydrogen peroxide and the nitrogen oxides into the flowing liquid film region; andrecovering at least a portion of the hydrogen peroxide and the nitrogen oxides from the electrically conductive outlet capillary.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen oxides and the hydrogen peroxide dissolved ...

PARTICLE INCLUDING ATOMIC-SCALE CHANNEL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND CATALYST INCLUDING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a particle including at least one atomic-scale channel formed on a surface of the particle or on a surface and inside of the particle; a catalyst including the particle, particularly a catalyst for efficient and selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added C fuel; and a method of preparing the particle. 1. A particle , comprising at least one atomic-scale channel ,the at least one atomic-scale channel being formed on a surface of the particle, or on a surface and inside of the particle.2. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein a width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is less than 1 nm.3. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein an inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle includes a reduced metal.4. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein a surface between the channels comprised in the particle includes the reduced metal.5. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is 7 Å or less.6. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is from 5 Å to 6 Å.7. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle is formed by a process including electrochemical lithiation of a metal compound-containing particle, followed by delithiation, andwherein the inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel includes the reduced metal formed by reduction of the metal compound during the lithiation.8. The particle of claim 7 ,wherein a dimension of the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is controlled by a cut-off voltage of the electrochemical lithiation of the metal compound-containing particle.9. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the reduced metal includes one or at least two metals selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ir, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, V, W, Zn, Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Mn, Fe, Tc, and Re.10. The ...

Methods and systems for carbon nanofiber production

A system for utilizing solar power to generate carbon nano-materials. A system for utilizing the carbon dioxide byproduct of a fossil fuel power generation process to drive an electrolysis reaction which produces carbon nano-materials, and methods of producing the same.

NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS APPARATUS

Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized. 1. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a suction stirring pump that suctions the liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade and stirs the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, thereby causing cavitation; anda plasma generation mechanism that generates plasma in air bubbles generated in the liquid by the cavitation,wherein elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized are contained in an electrode of the plasma generation mechanism.2. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the suction stirring pump includes a throttle flow passage through which the liquid having a flow speed applied thereto by being stirred by the rotary blade is passed.3. The nanoparticle synthesis apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the plasma generation mechanism is provided in a discharge pipe that is connected to the suction stirring pump and allows the liquid to be discharged therefrom.4. A nanoparticle synthesis apparatus that generates plasma by a plasma generation mechanism in a liquid claim 1 , thereby synthesizing nanoparticles in the liquid claim 1 , the nanoparticle synthesis apparatus comprising:a flow speed application mechanism that applies a flow speed to the liquid;an obstacle that is installed in a flow passage for the liquid having the flow speed applied thereto by the ...

CARBON DIOXIDE PHOTO-REACTOR

According to the inventive concept, a carbon dioxide photo-reactor includes a body having a closed interior space, provided with a photocatalytic material in the interior space, and that generates a reaction gas and a liquefied fluid from carbon dioxide through a photoconversion reaction, a gas injector that provides a passage, through which the carbon dioxide flows, a vapor injector that provides a passage, through which vapor flows, a gas discharger, through which the generated reaction gas is discharged, a liquid discharger, through which the generated liquefied fluid is discharged, and at least one elongate structure disposed to cross the interior space in a predetermined direction. 1. A carbon dioxide photo-reactor comprising:a body having a closed interior space, provided with a photocatalytic material in the interior space, and configured to generate a reaction gas and a liquefied fluid from carbon dioxide through a photoconversion reaction;a gas injector configured to provide a passage, through which the carbon dioxide flows;a vapor injector configured to provide a passage, through which vapor flows;a gas discharger, through which the generated reaction gas is discharged;a liquid discharger, through which the generated liquefied fluid is discharged; andat least one elongate structure disposed to cross the interior space in a predetermined direction.2. The carbon dioxide photo-reactor of claim 1 , wherein the body forms a hexahedral shape by coupling a plurality of transparent flat plates such that the plurality of transparent flat plates are separable from each other claim 1 , andwherein, among the plurality of transparent flat plates, a transparent flat plate, to which light is input from a light source, is formed of quartz.3. The carbon dioxide photo-reactor of claim 1 , wherein the body further includes:a ventilation plate disposed at a location that is spaced apart from a bottom surface by a predetermined distance, and through which the liquefied fluid ...

Apparatus and process for the controlled reduction of organic material via microwave radiation

A controllable, continuous-feed system and process for the reduction or depolymerization of organic materials using microwave energy in a reducing, substantially oxygen-reduced atmosphere. The microwave energy is generated by a plurality of magnetrons in a microwave tunnel. Gaseous products may be extracted from the microwave tunnel for recycling and/or analysis. A collector such as a liquid trap may be used to separately collect floating and sinking constituents of the solid products while preventing the escape of the reducing atmosphere from the system.

A Production Process for Silicon Carbide

Inside a furnace body with a vacuum environment or under the inert gas protection, the raw silicon material used to produce silicon carbide is melted or vaporized in a high temperature environment over 1300° C., and then the melted or vaporized raw silicon material will react with the carbonaceous gas or liquid to form silicon carbide. The present invention uses the carbonaceous gas with no metallic impurities, to replace petroleum coke, resin, asphalt, graphite, carbon fiber, coal, charcoal and some other carbon sources used in current production processes. When the carburizing reaction is in progress, the raw silicon material is melted or vaporized and the reaction takes place in the air. No container is required, so impurity contamination is lessened, and the produced silicon carbide has a fairly high purity. 1. A production process for silicon carbide comprising the steps of:melting or vaporizing raw silicon material used to produce silicon carbide in an environment at a high temperature over 1300° C., the melting or vaporizing step occurring in a furnace body, in a vacuum environment, or under inert gas protection, and having the melted or vaporized raw silicon material directly react with carbonaceous gas or liquid to form silicon carbide.2. The production process for silicon carbide as claimed in wherein the raw silicon material is silicon element.3. The production process for silicon carbide as claimed in wherein the raw silicon material is silicon element of purity higher than 99.99%.4. The production process for silicon carbide as claimed in wherein a place where the raw silicon material reacts with the carbonaceous gas and forms silicon carbide is inside an interior space of the furnace body.5. The production process for silicon carbide as claimed in wherein the raw silicon material is put into the furnace body and gets melted or vaporized claim 1 , and then the raw silicon material is sprayed into the carbonaceous gas claim 1 , reacting and forming ...

PLASMA REACTOR FOR LIQUID AND GAS

A system for performing treatment of a liquid by ionized gas comprises a laminar flow liquid gas plasma reactor. The plasma reactor includes electrodes, an upper and lower flow spreader, and a housing. The reactor uses gas to form a gas zone above the liquid where the gas is ionized directly above and in direct contact with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. 1. A laminar flow plasma reactor comprising:a housing including a reactor chamber internal to the housing; andan electric field generator including a dielectrically isolated first electrode and spaced apart second electrode configured to generate an electric field therebetween, the first electrode and a second electrode together producing an electrical field; anda upper flow spreader to supply a stream of gas to the reactor chamber, the upper flow spreader positioned within the reactor chamber concentrically with the first electrode; anda lower flow spreader to supply a stream of liquid to the reactor chamber, the lower flow spreader positioned within the reactor chamber concentrically with the first and second electrodes and the upper flow spreader, wherein the stream of liquid and the stream of gas flow adjacent one another radially outward from the center of the reactor chamber and pass through the electric field; anda gas source to supply a flow of gas to the reactor at an equal or higher pressure than the pressure in the reactor chamber.2. The laminar flow plasma reactor of claim 1 , further comprising an alignment rod extending through the lower flow spreader claim 1 , upper flow spreader and dielectric element.3. The laminar flow plasma reactor of and further comprising an alignment rod that is electrically conductive.4. The laminar flow plasma reactor of and further comprising an alignment rod with a means to convey gas from the reactor exterior to the interior.5. The laminar flow plasma reactor of further comprising a dielectric element roughly planar in shape and an ...

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLASMA-CATALYTIC ENHANCED WATER AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A water processing system is provided for providing plasma-catalytic enhanced water that contributes to improved yield and growth of plants. The system may include a plasma power supply configured to initiate the plasma and regulate the plasma discharge current of a plasma discharge, a plasma discharge reactor connected to the plasma power supply and configured to generate the plasma discharge, a pump connected to a water source and configured to deliver water to a nozzle configured to spray water into the plasma discharge, a compressor connected to a gas source and configured to deliver a gas for the plasma discharge, and collector to collect the water after the water has passed through the plasma discharge. Methods of making and applying the plasma-catalytic enhanced water are also provided. 2. The water processing system of claim 1 , wherein the water is selected from the group consisting of tap water claim 1 , spring water claim 1 , deionized claim 1 , and distilled water.3. The water processing system of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises oxygen and nitrogen.4. The water processing system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge reactor include at least two electrodes and the nozzle is configured to deliver the water between the at least two electrodes.5. The water processing system of claim 4 , wherein the at least two electrodes are made from a metal selected from the group consisting of gold claim 4 , titanium claim 4 , stainless steel claim 4 , silver claim 4 , and a refractory metal.6. The water processing system of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle is selected from the group consisting of a plain-orifice nozzle claim 1 , a shaped-orifice nozzle claim 1 , a surface impingement single-fluid nozzle claim 1 , a pressure-swirl single fluid spray nozzle claim 1 , a compound nozzle claim 1 , an internal-mix two-fluid nozzle claim 1 , and an external-mix two-fluid nozzle.7. The water processing system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma discharge includes a non-thermal ...

METHOD FOR REACTING FLOWING LIQUID AND GAS IN A PLASMA DISCHARGE REACTOR

The activation of the C—H bond using low temperature plasma with an inlet liquid stream such that value added products are formed effectively. An organic liquid (e.g., hexane which is immiscible with liquid water) is injected into a flowing gas (argon) stream followed by mixing with a liquid water stream. Thereafter, the mixture contacts a plasma region formed by a pulsed electric discharge. The plasma formed with the flowing liquid and gas between the two electrodes causes chemical reactions that generate various compounds. 132.-. (canceled)33. A reactor comprising:a body portion having one or more internal walls that define an internal cavity, at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary having an inlet capillary body extending between a fluid-receiving tip and a fluid-injecting tip, wherein the fluid-receiving tip is positioned outside the internal cavity, and wherein the fluid-injecting tip is positioned inside the internal cavity;at least one electrically-conductive outlet capillary having an outlet capillary body extending between a fluid-collecting tip and a fluid-ejecting tip, wherein the fluid-collecting tip is positioned inside the internal cavity, and wherein the fluid-ejecting tip is positioned outside the internal cavity; anda power source, supplying a voltage across the at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and the at least one electrically-conductive outlet capillary,wherein the fluid injecting tip is disposed relative to the fluid collecting tip to generate a flowing liquid film region on the one or more internal walls and a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region, when a fluid is injected into the internal cavity via the at least one electrically conductive inlet capillary;wherein the fluid injecting tip is disposed relative to the fluid collecting tip to propagate a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region between the at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and the at least one ...

Reactor for liquid and gas and method of use

A system and method for performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary uses of the plasma reactor include ionic injection, gas dissociation, liquid re-formation, and liquid dissociation. An alternative embodiment provides a system and method for infusion of gaseous particles into liquid by applying an electric field at power levels lower than the voltage required to form a plasma to gas adjacent to liquid.

Simultaneous on-site production of hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from air and water in a low power flowing liquid film plasma discharge for use in agriculture

A reactor system that includes a single reactor or a plurality of parallel reactors. A method that includes injecting a mixture including liquid water and a gas, into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region; propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor; dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products; producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products.

TREATMENT DEVICE, STERILIZATION DEVICE, STERILIZATION WATER, AND STERILIZATION METHOD

A treatment apparatus and a sterilization apparatus each include a liquid reservoir portion configured to store a treatment subject liquid, a plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and a bubble supply portion configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface and configured to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid. Thus, the plasma is generated on or above the liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and the bubble containing the generated plasma is generated and supplied into the treatment subject liquid. 1. A treatment apparatus comprising:a housing,a liquid reservoir portion formed in a lower portion of the housing, and configured to store a treatment subject liquid,a circulation flow path containing a liquid distribution portion formed on an upper portion of the housing, and circulating the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion into the liquid distribution portion,at least one plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion, anda plurality of bubble supply portions each including an aspirator being hung down from the liquid distribution portion toward the liquid reservoir portion and configured to return the treatment subject liquid in the liquid distribution portion to the liquid reservoir portion, each of the bubble supply portions configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface of the liquid reservoir portion and to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid,wherein each of the bubble supply portions is configured to introduce the plasma from the plasma generation portion through a venturi portion of the aspirator to generate the bubble.2. The treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment subject liquid is controlled to be ...

FLUORINATED CARBONATE DERIVATIVE PRODUCTION METHOD

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative in a safe and efficient manner. The method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative according to the present invention is characterized in comprising irradiating light on a composition containing a Chalogenated hydrocarbon having one or more kinds of halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a fluorine-containing compound having a nucleophilic functional group and a base in the presence of oxygen. 2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-1) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-1) claim 1 , the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-2) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-2) claim 1 , or the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-3) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-3):{'br': None, 'sup': 'F11', 'sub': '2', 'RCH-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-1)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'F12', 'sub': '2', '(R)CH-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-2)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'F13', 'sub': '3', '(R)C-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-3)'}{'br': None, 'sup': F11', 'F11, 'sub': 2', '2, 'RCH-A-C(═O)-A-CH—R\u2003\u2003(I-1)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 12', 'F12, 'sub': 2', '2, '(R)CH-A-C(═O)-A-CH(R)\u2003\u2003(I-2)'}{'br': None, 'sup': F13', 'F13, 'sub': 3', '3, '(R)C-A-C(═O)-A-C(R)\u2003\u2003(I-3)'}whereinA is O, S or NH,{'sup': 'F11', 'sub': 1-10', '6-14', '4-14', '2-24, 'Ris a Cfluoroalkyl group, a Cfluoroaryl group, a Cfluoroheteroaryl group or a Cfluoro(alkylpolyoxyalkylene) group,'}{'sup': F12', 'F12', 'F12, 'sub': 1-10', '1-10', '6-14', '6-14', '4-14', '4-14', '2-24', '2-24', '1-10', '6-14', '4-14', '2-24', '2-6, 'two Rare ...

Method for preparing 2,6-dichloropyridine through liquid phase photochlorination of pyridine

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 2,6-dichloropyridine with product purity greater than or equal to 99.0% by using trifluoromethyl chlorobenzene as a solvent for reaction between pyridine and chlorine gas. The preparation process comprises the following steps: enabling pyridine and chlorine gas to continuously experience chlorination reaction under irradiation of ultraviolet light by using pyridine and chlorine gas as starting materials and using trifluoromethyl chlorobenzene as a solvent, and cooling a chlorination reaction product and the solvent to obtain pyridine chlorination solution. Advantages: firstly, it pioneers the precedent of direct and high-selectivity preparation of 2,6-dichloropyridine through liquid phase photochlorination, and not only can the 2,6-dichloropyridine product with purity greater than or equal to 99.0% be obtained, but also industrial production is facilitated; and secondly, not only can the reuse of the separated solvent in the preparation process of the 2,6-dichloropyridine product with purity greater than or equal to 99.0% be realized, but also the purposes of low pollution, low energy consumption and low cost in the preparation process can be realized.

PHASES INTERFACE REACTOR AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING REACTION PRODUCT AND SECONDARY REACTION PRODUCT USING PHASES INTERFACE REACTION

A method for producing a reaction product employing a phases interface reaction that to efficiently bring about a reaction between a plasma-form substance (ozone, nitrogen plasma, etc.) and water or the like; a phases interface reactor; and a method for producing a secondary reaction product. The phases interface reactor that includes a reaction vessel, a plasma supply means for supplying a plasma-form substance into the reaction vessel, a water/aqueous solution supply means for supplying the reaction vessel, and an ultraviolet ray irradiation means for irradiating the plasma-form substance in the reaction vessel; said device causing the plasma-form substance and a solute contained in water or aqueous solution to react at the phases interface in a reaction vessel. Methods for producing a reaction product in which a phases interface reaction is provided, and also a secondary reaction product producing method for producing a secondary reaction product using the reaction product. 1. A method for producing a reaction product using a phases interface reaction , comprising:a plasma supply step of supplying a plasmatic substance into a reaction chamber;a water/aqueous solution supply step of supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction chamber; andan ultraviolet irradiation step of irradiating the plasmatic substance in the reaction chamber with ultraviolet light,the plasmatic substance and the water or a solute contained in the aqueous solution being reacted at a phases interface in the reaction chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe water/aqueous solution supply step is a nebulization step of generating a mist of water or a mist of aqueous solution in the reaction chamber, andthe ultraviolet irradiation step is a step of irradiating the plasmatic substance in the reaction chamber with ultraviolet light, with the humidity in the reaction chamber being less than 100%.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the humidity in the reaction chamber is 40% or more ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMULATING MEDICAL TREATMENT EFFLUENTS

A system and method for formulating a medical treatment effluent by performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary medical treatments include: immunization (immuno) therapy; wound treatment; cancer treatment; and disinfectant applications. 1. A system for formulating an effluent for medical treatment applications , which system includes:a plasma reactor forming a reactor chamber configured for housing a liquid and a gas adjacent to the liquid;first and second electrodes configured for connection to a power source and forming an electric field therebetween;said first and second electrodes configured for receiving voltage pulses from said power source for producing said electric field; andsaid system configured for directing said electric field into contact with said gas and liquid within said reaction chamber and transferring particles from said gas into said liquid for forming said medical treatment effluent comprising said liquid infused with dissolved gas.2. The system according to wherein said medical treatment effluent is configured for vaccinating patients.3. The system according to wherein said medical treatment effluent is configured for wound treatment consisting of one or more of: tissue closure; reepithelialization; and skin grafting.4. The system according to wherein said medical treatment effluent is configured for cancer treatment by injecting into patients' blood streams for blocking cancer cell growth at tumor sites.5. The system ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES IN COMPOSITIONS

Systems and methods configured to produce electrical discharges in compositions, such as those, for example, configured to produce electrical discharges in compositions that comprise mixtures of materials, such as a mixture of a material having a high dielectric constant and a material having a low dielectric constant (e.g., a composition of a liquid having a high dielectric constant and a liquid having a low dielectric constant, a composition of a solid having a high dielectric constant and a liquid having a low dielectric constant, and similar compositions), and further systems and methods configured to produce materials, such as through material modification and/or material synthesis, in part, resulting from producing electrical discharges in compositions. 1. A system for producing a voltage difference comprising:a container;an electrode configured to be at least partially disposed in the container and configured to be coupled to a power supply; and [ a first end having an opening; and', 'a second end configured to be coupled to a gas source; and', 'a bore extending through the second end and the first end;', 'where, if the first gas pipe is coupled to a gas source and the gas supply system is at least partially disposed in the container, gas from the gas source can be passed through the bore of the first gas pipe and into the container;, 'a first gas pipe comprising, a first end having an opening; and', 'a second end configured to be coupled to a gas source; and', 'a bore extending through the second end and the first end; and', 'where, if the second gas pipe is coupled to a gas source and the gas supply system is at least partially disposed in the container, gas from the gas source can be passed through the bore of the second gas pipe and into the container; and, 'a second gas pipe comprising], 'a gas supply system configured to be at least partially disposed in the container and configured to be coupled to a power supply, the gas supply system comprisingwhere ...

Method and generator for generation of Hydrogen Peroxide

A method and generator for generation of hydrogen peroxide which operate on the principle of conveying air-liquid or vapor flow through a corona discharge zone in air. Such devices can be used for disinfection of air and of various objects for industrial and home uses.

Flow Reactor Vessels and Reactor Systems

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

GLIDING ARC PLASMATRON REACTOR WITH REVERSE VORTEX FOR THE CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBON FUEL INTO SYNTHESIS GAS

A reactor for reforming a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a two stage process is disclosed in which a first reactor is coupled to a second stage reactor having a reaction volume greater than the first reactor. In the first reactor, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is partially reformed and thereafter is inputted into the second stage reactor for complete partial oxidation. The reaction product is at last partially synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, as well as other low hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, ethane, and acetylene. The low hydrocarbons can be reformed further in a solid oxide fuel cell. A portion of the gaseous, rotating contents of the second stage reactor may be input into the first reactor to help generate and sustain rotation within the first reactor. 1. A process for reforming , comprising:inputting a hydrocarbon fuel and a first oxidizing gas into a first stage reactor;partially reforming using non-thermal plasma the hydrocarbon fuel into partially reformed hydrocarbon fuel;inputting the partially reformed hydrocarbon fuel and a second oxidizing gas into a second stage reactor having a reverse vortex flow;completing the reforming process of at least a portion of the partially reformed hydrocarbon fuel in the second stage reactor to produce an outlet stream.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising directly coupling an outlet of the first stage reactor to an inlet of the second stage reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first oxidizing gas and the second oxidizing gas are both at least partially comprised of gaseous oxygen.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein a flow direction of the second oxidizing gas is tangential to a center axis of the second stage reactor to impart a rotating force within the second stage reactor to generate the reverse vortex flow.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reverse vortex flow is configured to provide for an ...

PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO METHANOL OR CARBON MONOXIDE USING CUPROUS OXIDE

Provided herein are methods of COreduction to methanol or CO using a CuO catalyst. 1. A method of converting COto methanol comprising{'sub': 2', '2, 'irradiating CO, water, and CuO having a (i i 0) facet to form methanol, wherein i is 1 to 12.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiating comprises exposure to ultraviolet to visible light.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the irradiating comprises exposure to light having one or more wavelengths from 200 to 650 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water is present as a liquid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water is present as water vapor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (i i 0) facet is a (110) facet.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the CuO having a (110) facet is octahedral claim 6 , truncated cubic claim 6 , or a mixture thereof.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the irradiating comprises exposure to ultraviolet to visible light.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the irradiating comprises exposure to light having one or more wavelengths from 200 to 650 nm.10. The method of claim 1 , where the method exhibits a quantum efficiency of at least 50%.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the quantum efficiency is at least 70%.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the COis continuously flowed through a suspension of the CuO in water during the irradiating.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CuO having a (i i 0) facet is prepared by a method comprising admixing copper acetate claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , glucose claim 1 , and a surfactant and heating the admixture to 60° C. for 30-90 minutes to form the CuO having a (i i 0) facet.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate.15. A method of converting COto CO comprising{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'irradiating CO, water, and MoSadsorbed onto CuO to form CO, wherein the CuO has a (i i 0) facet, and i is 1 to 12.'}16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the irradiating comprises exposure to ultraviolet to ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING ORGANIC MATTER AND SUBMERGED PLASMA DEVICE

An organic substance synthesis method according to an embodiment of the present invention is carried out using a submerged plasma device (), for example, and the method includes: forming a plasma through discharge in a gas including a carbon dioxide as in contact with water; and generating an organic substance including performic acid or diformyl peroxide in the water by contact between the plasma and the water. 1. An organic substance synthesis method using a submerged plasma device comprising:forming a plasma through discharge in a gas containing a carbon dioxide gas but no water in contact with water; andgenerating an organic substance including performic acid or diformyl peroxide in the water by contact between the plasma and the water, whereinthe submerged plasma device including:a first electrode;a solid dielectric layer in contact with the first electrode;a discharge chamber having an inner space accommodating the first electrode and the solid dielectric layer; anda second electrode formed by a metal and arranged so as to oppose the first electrode with the solid dielectric layer therebetween and so as to separate the inner space of the discharge chamber from water, the second electrode having a gas phase surface located on a side of the inner space and a liquid phase surface located on a side of the water, and the second electrode having a plurality of through holes connecting together the gas phase surface and the liquid phase surface, and whereinthe organic substance is generated in the water through discharge in the gas including the carbon dioxide gas while forming an interface between the carbon dioxide gas and the water inside each of the through holes of the second electrode.2. The organic substance synthesis method according to claim 1 , wherein the discharge is dielectric barrier discharge.3. The organic substance synthesis method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic substance includes performic acid.413-. (canceled)14. The organic substance ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD

A gas conversion apparatus () for converting a process gas to one or more other gases comprises: means () for introducing process gas into a liquid medium in a column (); and an ultrasonic energy generator () arranged to generate ultrasonic energy, the apparatus () being configured to launch ultrasonic energy generated by the generator () into the liquid medium such that process gas is exposed to ultrasonic energy, the apparatus () being arranged to allow collection of process gas that has been exposed to ultrasonic energy. The apparatus () also preferably comprises a microbubble generator () to generate microbubbles of the process gas for exposure to the ultrasonic energy. The ultrasonic energy generator () may be configured to generate ultrasonic energy as a consequence of a flow of a drive gas therethrough. 1. Gas conversion apparatus for converting one or more reactant chemical species comprised in a process gas to one or more product chemical species , the apparatus comprising:means for introducing process gas into a liquid medium; andan ultrasonic energy generator configured to generate ultrasonic energy,wherein the apparatus is configured to launch ultrasonic energy generated by the ultrasonic energy generator into the liquid medium such that process gas is exposed to ultrasonic energy so as to convert one or more of the reactant chemical species to one or more product chemical species, andwherein the apparatus is configured to allow collection of one or more of the product chemical species.2. (canceled)3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic energy generator comprises a whistle device configured to generate the ultrasonic energy when drive gas is driven through the device.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further configured to feed the drive gas into the liquid medium after driving the gas through the ultrasonic energy generator.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein process gas provides the drive gas.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: ...

Method of manufacturing dispersion liquid and manufacturing apparatus of dispersion liquid

A method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid includes preparing a mixed liquid which contains a first solvent, a second solvent having solubility which is equal to or less than 1% with respect to the first solvent, and a compound having a polymerizable functional group; and microcapsulating and dispersing the first solvent or the second solvent by performing liquid plasma treatment on the mixed liquid while applying ultrasonic waves to the mixed liquid by using an ultrasonic wave generating apparatus.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for increasing yield of a chemical reaction , the method comprising:generating a liquid spray discharge using a pneumatic sprayer, wherein the liquid spray discharge is generated from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;collecting in a collector the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; andrecirculating the unreacted molecules and the reaction product through the pneumatic sprayer, in order to allow a plurality of the unreacted molecules in the solvent to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby increasing a yield of the chemical reaction.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein a voltage source is operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein collecting comprises condensing the liquid spray discharge ...

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT A REACTION BETWEEN TWO NON-MISCIBLE FLUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES

A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing preferably arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids, wherein the backmixed zone comprises at least one inlet and the plug-flow zone comprises an outlet and the backmixed zone comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the fluid of lower density, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the plug-flow zone and which comprises a first passage to the backmixed zone and a second passage to the plug-flow zone, a second internal element which delimits the backmixed zone from the plug-flow zone such that there is no direct fluid connection between the backmixed zone and the plug-flow zone, and backmixing-preventing third internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing. The reactor allows an optimal residence time distribution in the reaction of the two immiscible fluids of different density. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous reaction in the reactor. 114.-. (canceled)15. A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density , comprising:an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap,wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids,wherein the backmixed zone comprises ...

Plasma reactor and method for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid

In a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, the deposition of C particles is to be reduced or completely prevented. In order to achieve this object, there is described a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid which comprises a reactor chamber enclosed by a reactor wall and having at least one hydrocarbon fluid inlet and at least one outlet, and in addition it comprises a plasma burner having at least two elongated electrodes which each have a base part that is fixed to the reactor wall and a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber and has a free end. The hydrocarbon fluid inlet opens out into the reactor chamber in such a manner that a hydrocarbon fluid flowing out therefrom flows in a space between the reactor wall and the electrodes along at least one electrode to the free end thereof. A high flow rate of the fluid is thereby achieved and the direction of flow of the incoming fluid is directed away from the hydrocarbon fluid inlet.

PLASMA REACTOR FOR LIQUID AND GAS AND METHOD OF USE

A system and method for performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary uses of the plasma reactor include ionic injection, gas dissociation, liquid re-formation, and liquid dissociation. 1. A plasma reactor comprising:a housing including an internal reaction chamber;a first electrode and a second electrode spaced a distance apart and each connected to a power source;said first and second electrodes configured for forming a primary electric field between one another;wherein said first electrode is dielectrically isolated by a dielectric element;wherein at least a portion of said primary electric field is positioned within said reaction chamber;a first inlet path to said reaction chamber configured for connection to a gas source and configured for supplying a stream of gas to said reaction chamber;a second inlet path to said reaction chamber configured for connection to a liquid source and configured for supplying a stream of liquid to said reaction chamber; andwherein said stream of liquid and said stream of gas are configured to flow adjacent one another within said reaction chamber and pass through said electric field to produce an effluent.2. The plasma reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising:a pre-ionization electrode connected to said power source dielectrically isolated from said first electrode and positioned outside said reaction chamber;said pre-ionization electrode and said second electrode configured for forming a pre- ...

APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING OF MATERIALS

System, apparatuses, and methods for processing feedstock have a decomposing stage for breaking down feedstock into liquid and gaseous products and a condensing stage for condensing gaseous products to a liquid condensate. A mixing stage can also be used to combine gaseous and liquid feedstock portions into a combined liquid feedstock to be fed to the decomposing stage. The decomposing stage can be one or more flux tanks having a field generator for creating an electromagnetic field through the flux tank configured to decompose feedstock inside. The condensing stage can have a catalyst tank, distillation tank, condensing pipes, or a combination thereof. The mixing stage can be a reformer device having pairs of plates, at least some of the plates are capable of rotating to generate a shear force that creates a cavitation effect to combine the gaseous and liquid feedstock portions. 1. A system for processing a decomposable feedstock , comprising:a flux tank configured to receive the feedstock within and having a field generator configured to generate an electromagnetic field within the flux tank at a target frequency range to decompose the feedstock to produce a gaseous product from the combined feedstock; anda condensing stage having one or more distillation tanks for receiving and condensing the gaseous product to a liquid product.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a mixing stage for combining a liquid portion and a gas portion to form the feedstock.3. The system of claim 3 , wherein the mixing stage comprises:a housing having a liquid inlet, gas inlet, and common outlet, and defining a mixing chamber having a driveshaft extending axially therethrough;one or more stationary plates mounted in the mixing chamber and generally perpendicular to the driveshaft, each stationary plate having at least a first circumferential array of a first plurality of teeth extending axially from the stationary plate in a first direction, first radial flow passages formed ...

Diphasic Gas/Liquid Plasma Reactor

The present invention relates to a microfluidic or millifluidic device () comprising: —a support () made at least partially of a dielectric material, the support () comprising a first inlet () adapted to be connected to a first reservoir containing gas, a second inlet () adapted to be connected to a second reservoir containing liquid, an outlet () adapted to be connected to a receiver container containing gas and/or liquid, and a main microchannel or millichannel () present in the dielectric material allowing the liquid and the gas to flow from the inlets towards the outlet, —one or several ground electrode(s) () embedded in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel (), and —one or several high-voltage electrode(s) () embedded fi in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel (), wherein the high-voltage electrode(s) () and the ground electrode(s) () are located on opposite sides of the main microchannel or millichannel () so as to be able to generate an electric field inside the main microchannel or millichannel (). The present invention relates also to a method for generating a plasma in a continuous manner using such a microfluidic or millifluidic device (). 1. A method for generating a plasma in a continuous manner using the microfluidic or millifluidic device comprising:a support made at least partially of a dielectric material, the support comprising a first inlet adapted to be connected to a first reservoir containing gas, a second inlet adapted to be connected to a second reservoir containing liquid, an outlet adapted to be connected to a receiver container containing gas and/or liquid, and a main microchannel or millichannel present in the dielectric material allowing the liquid and the gas to flow from the inlets towards the outlet,one or several ground electrode(s) embedded in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel, andone or several ...

Microwave-Based Recovery Of Hydrocarbons And Fossil Fuels

The present invention provides methods for decomposing and extracting compositions for the recovery of petroleum-based materials from composites comprising those petroleum-based materials, comprising subjecting the compositions and/or composites to microwave radiation, wherein the microwave radiation is in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention and for apparatuses used to perform the methods of the present invention. 1. An apparatus for extracting a petroleum-based material from a composite comprising petroleum-based material , comprising:a microwave radiation generator, wherein said generator is capable of applying microwave radiation characterized as having at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz; andat least one container to collect said extracted petroleum-based material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microwave radiation generator is capable of applying a microwave radiation frequency of between about 4.0 and about 12.0 GHz.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the microwave radiation generator is capable of applying a microwave radiation frequency of between about 7.9 and about 8.7 GHz.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microwave radiation generator is capable of applying a sweeping range of microwave radiation frequencies of between about 4.0 and about 12.0 GHz.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the range of frequencies of said radiation is in the C-Band frequency range.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the range of frequencies of said radiation is in the X-Band frequency range.7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the range of frequencies of said radiation is in the range of from about 5.8 GHz to about 7.0 GHz.8. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the frequency of said radiation is in the range of from about 7.9 GHz to about 8.7 GHz.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least ...

Reactant delivery apparatuses

An aerosol delivery apparatus is used to deliver an aerosol into a reaction chamber for chemical reaction to produce reaction products such as nanoparticles. A variety of improved aerosol delivery approaches provide for the production of more uniform reaction products. In preferred embodiments, a reaction chamber is used that has a cross section perpendicular to the flow of reactant having a dimension along a major axis greater than a dimension along a minor axis. The aerosol preferably is elongated along the major axis of the reaction chamber.

Apparatus and method

A gas conversion apparatus (100) for converting a process gas to one or more other gases comprises: means (105) for introducing process gas into a liquid medium in a column (125); and an ultrasonic energy generator (140) arranged to generate ultrasonic energy, the apparatus (100) being configured to launch ultrasonic energy generated by the generator (140) into the liquid medium such that process gas is exposed to ultrasonic energy, the apparatus (100) being arranged to allow collection of process gas that has been exposed to ultrasonic energy. The apparatus (100) also preferably comprises a microbubble generator (120) to generate microbubbles of the process gas for exposure to the ultrasonic energy. The ultrasonic energy generator (140) may be configured to generate ultrasonic energy as a consequence of a flow of a drive gas therethrough.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING A LIQUID WITH A GAS

Способ тепломассоэнергообмена и устройство для его осуществления

Изобретение относится к акустическим (например, ультразвуковым) способам интенсификации тепломассоэнергообмена жидких, газовых, газожидкостных смесей, взвесей и дисперсий. Способ включает акустическое резонансное возбуждение вихревых потоков продуктов с помощью сообщенных между собой вихревых труб путем частичного соприкосновения встречно-направленных поверхностно-наружных слоев двух и более вихревых потоков на глубину их энергоактивного деформационно-сдвигового взаимодействия, не разрушающего при этом дальнейшего взаимодействия в акустических режимах. Возбужденные потоки, объединенные в общей акустической камере, выводят обработанные звуком продукты на использование. Технический результат состоит в повышении эффективности и универсальности тепломассоэнергообмена. 2 и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 12 ил. ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (11) 2 268 772 (13) C1 (51) ÌÏÊ B01F 11/02 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004137176/15, 21.12.2004 (72) Àâòîð(û): Ìåäâåäåâ Àíàòîëèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (RU) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 21.12.2004 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.01.2006 Áþë. ¹ 03 2 2 6 8 7 7 2 îáðàáîòàííûå çâóêîì ïðîäóêòû íà èñïîëüçîâàíèå. Òåõíè÷åñêèé ðåçóëüòàò ñîñòîèò â ïîâûøåíèè ýôôåêòèâíîñòè è óíèâåðñàëüíîñòè òåïëîìàññîýíåðãîîáìåíà. 2 è 8 ç.ï. ô-ëû, 12 èë. R U (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ê àêóñòè÷åñêèì (íàïðèìåð, óëüòðàçâóêîâûì) ñïîñîáàì èíòåíñèôèêàöèè òåïëîìàññîýíåðãîîáìåíà æèäêèõ, ãàçîâûõ, ãàçîæèäêîñòíûõ ñìåñåé, âçâåñåé è äèñïåðñèé. Ñïîñîá âêëþ÷àåò àêóñòè÷åñêîå ðåçîíàíñíîå âîçáóæäåíèå âèõðåâûõ ïîòîêîâ ïðîäóêòîâ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñîîáùåííûõ ìåæäó ñîáîé âèõðåâûõ òðóá ïóòåì ÷àñòè÷íîãî ñîïðèêîñíîâåíè âñòðå÷íî-íàïðàâëåííûõ ïîâåðõíîñòíî-íàðóæíûõ ñëîåâ äâóõ è áîëåå âèõðåâûõ ïîòîêîâ íà ãëóáèíó èõ ýíåðãîàêòèâíîãî äåôîðìàöèîííî-ñäâèãîâîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâè , íå ðàçðóøàþùåãî ïðè ýòîì äàëüíåéøåãî âçàèìîäåéñòâè â àêóñòè÷åñêèõ ðåæèìàõ. Âîçáóæäåííûå ïîòîêè, îáúåäèíåííûå â îáùåé àêóñòè÷åñêîé êàìåðå, ...

Plasma reactor for conversion of gas to liquid fuel

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the method and device for conversion of gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon. The reactor based on the principle of non-thermal repeated pulse creeping discharge comprises a high-voltage source of energy designed to deliver pulse high-voltage potential; an inlet opening for gas; an inlet opening for liquid sorbent; an outlet opening for product; the first electrodes connected to the high-voltage source of energy; the second grounded electrodes; and a channel; at that the first electrodes are separated from the second ones by discharge area. EFFECT: invention allows reduction of energy costs at production of liquid products and increase in productive capacity of reactor systems. 53 cl, 3 tbl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 530 110 C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/08 (2006.01) C07C 27/10 (2006.01) C10G 15/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012131662/05, 29.01.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 29.01.2010 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОЭНЕРДЖИ, ЛЛС (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.03.2014 Бюл. № 7 R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 29.01.2010 (72) Автор(ы): Новосёлов Юрий Николаевич (RU), Суслов Алексей Иннокентьевич (RU), Кутенков Олег Петрович (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 10.10.2014 Бюл. № 28 20030136661 A1, 24.07.2003. RU 2227153 C1, 20.04.2004. US 20050255011 A1, 17.11.2005. RU 2184601 C1, 10.07.2002. RU 2249609 C1, 06.11.2003 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.08.2012 2 5 3 0 1 1 0 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2003011182 A1, 31.07.2003; . US (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 3 0 1 1 0 R U C 2 C 2 RU 2010/000032 (29.01.2010) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2011/093736 (04.08.2011) Адрес для переписки: 190000, Санкт-Петербург, ВОХ-1125, ПАТЕНТИКА (54) ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГАЗА В ЖИДКОЕ ТОПЛИВО (57) Реферат: Изобретение ...

Flow reactor vessels and reactor systems

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels. The most illustrative 10 drawing: FIG. 1.

Spray reactor of the vertical flow-through type, and use thereof.

Mist reactor of the vertical flow type, and use thereof

The present invention relates to a mist reactor (1) of the vertical flow type. The mist reactor (1) comprises a reactor chamber (2); atomization means (4) arranged in the top of the reactor chamber (2) for atomizing a liquid to form a mist in the reactor chamber (2); an inlet (6), which opens out into the bottom of the reactor chamber (2), for feeding a gas stream, which is to be brought into contact with the mist and is to be passed through the reactor chamber (2), to the reactor chamber (2); and an outlet (5), at the top of the reactor chamber (2), for the gas stream which has been passed through the reactor chamber (2). From the bottom upwards, the horizontal cross-sectional area of the reactor chamber (2) increases. In particular, the reactor chamber (2) is of conical shape, with an apex angle of at least 4° and/or at most 10°. Furthermore, the reactor may be provided with charging means (20) which are used to apply an electric charge of identical polarity to the mist and the walls of the reactor chamber (2). Further charging means (19) may be provided for applying an electric charge with a polarity opposite to that of the mist to a demister (10).

Reaction apparatus and method for producing particles

에어로졸 급송 장치(96)는 나노 입자와 같은 반응 생성물을 생성하는 화학 반응을 위해 반응 챔버(92) 내로 에어로졸을 급송하는데 사용된다. 여러 가지 개선된 에어로졸 급송 수단은 보다 균일한 반응 생성물을 생성하게 한다. 바람직한 실시예에서, 장축 방향 치수가 단축 방향 치수보다 크게 되도록 반응 물질의 유동에 대하여 수직인 단면을 갖는 반응 챔버가 사용된다. 에어로졸은 반응 챔버의 장축을 따라 신장되는 것이 바람직하다. Aerosol feeding device 96 is used to feed the aerosol into reaction chamber 92 for chemical reactions that produce reaction products such as nanoparticles. Several improved aerosol delivery means result in a more uniform reaction product. In a preferred embodiment, a reaction chamber is used having a cross section perpendicular to the flow of the reactant material such that the major axis dimension is larger than the minor axis dimension. The aerosol is preferably stretched along the long axis of the reaction chamber.

Device and method for plasma-chemical hydrocracking and installation equipped therewith

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to a device and method for plasma-chemical hydrocracking of high-boiling hydrocarbons. Device for plasma-chemical hydrocracking is described, comprising a reactor having a reactor vessel, a chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, a chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, the working chamber and the partition separating the chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons and the working chamber, and in the partition there are channels for the communication of the working chamber with the chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, plasma torch placed with the possibility of plasma flow feeding into the working chamber of the reactor, a tubular element to surround at least part of the longitudinal length of the plasma flow inside the reactor, the tubular element has an outer circumferential wall, an inner circumferential wall and a slit space between the two circumferential walls, connected to the supply of a hydrogen-containing medium, the inner circumferential wall has through channels for passage of the hydrogen-containing medium from the gap space to the plasma flow and thereby defines a mixing zone for mixing the plasma flow and the hydrogen-containing medium in the working chamber, the mixing zone together with the partition at least partially define the reaction zone inside the working chamber, which has a narrowing in the type of gas-dynamic nozzle, a supply for supplying liquid hydrocarbons into the unreacted hydrocarbons chamber limited by the partition, the partition on its side facing the reaction zone of the working chamber, forms a surface for spreading a layer of liquid hydrocarbons, the outlet for the resulting gaseous hydrocarbons, located in the chamber for the reacted hydrocarbons, the narrowing of the reaction zone of the working chamber is located in front of the outlet for the obtained gaseous hydrocarbons along the process stream, the outlet for unreacted liquid hydrocarbons, located in the chamber for ...

Method for synthesizing highly aligned aligned carbon nanotubes using organic liquid and apparatus for synthesizing the same

Method of initiation of chain reactions of dissociation and polycondensation of hydrocarbons and a device for its realization

FIELD: chemical industry; natural gas industry; petroleum industry; petrochemical industry and other industries. SUBSTANCE: the invention falls into chemical industry, natural gas industry, petroleum industry, petrochemical industry and other branches pertaining to processing of hydrocarbon raw material, in particular, with production of a condensate consisting of light hydrocarbon gases and with processing of high-viscosity petroleum and petroleum residue. Substance of the invention: the method provides for a thermal treatment of the raw materials and treatment of a surface of a layer or a stream of a feed stock in a gaseous medium containing hydrogen and-or gaseous alkanes at a heightened temperature and an atmospheric pressure by ionizing radiation of relativistic electrons with energy in the range from about 0.5 up to about 10.0 MeV, preferably, from about 0.5 up to about 2.5 MeV at a width of the layer or a stream of a feed stock equal to the depth of sorption of the electronic emission, defined by the ratio λ x ρ = 0.5 E - 0.1, where λ - the depth of sorption of the electronic emission, cm; ρ - a density of the raw material, g /cm 3 ; E - energy of electrons, MeV. Electrons irradiation is conducted onto the one side of the layer or from the two counter sides of the layer in the mode of a continuous irradiation or in a pulsed - periodic mode. The invention offers devices for realization of the method. The invention allows to increase output of the low-molecular hydrocarbons and to ensure a desirable productivity of the process. EFFECT: the invention ensures an increased output of the low-molecular hydrocarbons and a desirable productivity of the process. 20 cl, 8 ex, 5 dwg, 3 tbl ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2 252 069 (13) C2 B 01 J 19/08, C 10 G 15/10 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2003122425/15, 24.07.2003 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: ...

Reactant delivery apparatuses

에어로졸 급송 장치(96)는 나노 입자와 같은 반응 생성물을 생성하는 화학 반응을 위해 반응 챔버(92)내로 에어로졸을 급송하는데 사용된다. 여러 가지 개선된 에어로졸 급송 수단은 보다 균일한 반응 생성물을 생성하게 한다. 바람직한 실시예에서, 장축 방향 치수가 단축 방향 치수보다 크게 되도록 반응 물질의 유동에 대하여 수직인 단면을 갖는 반응 챔버가 사용된다. 에어로졸은 반응 챔버의 장축을 따라 신장되는 것이 바람직하다.

Organic compound production method and production apparatus

Simultaneous generation of electricity and chemicals using a renewable primary energy source

Presented are systems and methods to simultaneously produce and store energy in the form of chemical products such as hydrogen and other chemical products, thereby, reducing or eliminating the need to store energy in lithium-ion batteries. In various embodiments this is accomplished by converting energy from a renewable energy source to generate and accelerate an electron beam so as to generate electromagnetic radiation at frequencies equal to absorption frequencies of chemical reactants in order to produce the desired chemical products.

Methods and systems for carbon nanofiber production

A system for utilizing solar power to generate carbon nano-materials. A system for utilizing the carbon dioxide byproduct of a fossil fuel power generation process to drive an electrolysis reaction which produces carbon nano-materials, and methods of producing the same.

Process and apparatus for producing fine particle

미립자의 제조방법은, 미립자 제조용 재료를 열플라즈마염 내에 도입하고, 기상 상태의 혼합물로 하고, 이것을 급냉하여, 미립자를 생성한다. 이 방법에서는, 미립자 제조용 재료를, 바람직하게는 가연성 재료를 포함한, 분산매 또는 용매 중에 분산 또는 용해시켜 슬러리 콜로이드 용액 또는 용해 용액 등의 분산액체로 하고, 이 분산 액체를 액적화시키거나, 혹은 미립자 제조용 재료를, 캐리어 가스와 가연성 재료를 이용하여 분산시켜, 열플라즈마염 내에 도입한다. 미립자의 제조방법 및 장치에서는, 기상 상태의 혼합물을 급냉하는 데에 충분한 공급량의 기체를, 열플라즈마염의 꼬리부를 향해서 공급한다. 또한, 이 방법 및 장치에서는, 1차 미립자를 사이클론 내에 도입하여 냉각과 분급을 실시하고, 조대 입자가 제거된, 입자지름이 100nm 이하인 2차 미립자를 회수한다. In the method for producing the fine particles, the fine particle production material is introduced into the thermal plasma salt to form a mixture in a gaseous state, and the mixture is quenched to produce fine particles. In this method, the material for producing fine particles is preferably dispersed or dissolved in a dispersion medium or a solvent containing a combustible material to form a dispersion liquid such as a slurry colloidal solution or a dissolution solution, and the dispersion liquid is dropletized or fine particles are produced. The material is dispersed using a carrier gas and a combustible material, and introduced into the thermal plasma salt. In the manufacturing method and apparatus of microparticles | fine-particles, the gas of the supply amount sufficient to quench the mixture of a gaseous state is supplied toward the tail part of thermal plasma salt. In addition, in this method and apparatus, primary fine particles are introduced into a cyclone to perform cooling and classification to recover secondary fine particles having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less from which coarse particles are removed. 열플라즈마, 미립자, 제조방법, 제조장치 Thermal Plasma, Fine Particles, Manufacturing Method, Manufacturing Equipment

Reaction product production method using phase interface reaction, phase interface reaction device, and secondary reaction product production method

System for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source

A system for treating a substance using a storage vessel and two or more devices disposed in a top of the storage vessel. Each device has: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is supplied to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources.

Controlled chemical aerosol flow synthesis of nanometer-sized particles and other nanometer-sized products

A method and apparatus for producing nanometer-sized particles, the method including the steps of forming of mixture by mixing a first precursor reactant, a second precursor reactant, a surface-stabilizing surfactant, and a high boiling point liquid to form a mixture, forming a mist of droplets of the mixture, heating the droplets to cause a reaction between species of the first and second precursor reactants within the heated droplets, and collecting the nanometer-sized products.

Process and apparatus for producing fine particles

The present invention is directed to a process and apparatus wherein primary fine particles are introduced into a cyclone to be subjected to cooling and classification removing coarse particles having a particle size equal to or greater than the predetermined particle size by the classification, based on a predetermined particle size and secondary fine particles having a particle size of 100 nm or less which are left upon removal of coarse particles are recovered. The treatment for forming the primary fine particles is a treatment in which a material for producing the fine particles is dispersed and then introduced into a thermal plasma flame to evaporate the material for producing the fine particles to make a vapor-phase mixture. In the fine particle producing process and apparatus, a gas of an amount sufficient to quench the vapor-phase mixture is supplied toward a tail of the thermal plasma flame.

Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into synthesis gas

A method and system for producing synthesis gas in which a carbonaceous material and at least one oxygen carrier are introduced into a non-thermal plasma reactor at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 700° C. and a pressure in a range of about atmospheric to about 70 atmospheres and a non-thermal plasma discharge is generated within the non-thermal plasma reactor. The carbonaceous material and the oxygen carrier are exposed to the non-thermal plasma discharge, resulting in the formation of a synthesis gas in the non-thermal plasma reactor.

Plasma assisted conversion of carbonaceous materials into synthesis gas

A method and system for producing synthesis gas in which a carbonaceous material and at least one oxygen carrier are introduced into a non-thermal plasma reactor at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 700° C. and a pressure in a range of about atmospheric to about 70 atmospheres and a non-thermal plasma discharge is generated within the non-thermal plasma reactor. The carbonaceous material and the oxygen carrier are exposed to the non-thermal plasma discharge, resulting in the formation of a synthesis gas in the non-thermal plasma reactor.

Method and device for synthesizing high orientationally arranged carbon nano-tube by using organic liquid

本发明提供了一种使用有机液体来合成高度定向且整齐排列的碳纳米管的方法和设备，所述方法包括如下步骤：在一基底上沉积由金属元素组成的薄膜，将其上沉积有所述薄膜的基底(3)曝露于氢等离子体中，并且在有机液体(10)中将曾曝露于氢等离子体中的所述基底(3)加热至一预定温度。所述合成设备包括：一个安装在液体箱(1)外部的用于冷却液体箱(1)的水冷装置(2)；用于托住基底(3)的基底夹持器(5)，该夹持器带有用于使电流穿过基底(3)的电极(4)；包括多个水冷管(6)的冷凝装置(7)，其用于冷却和冷凝由有机液体通过蒸发形成的蒸气从而将该蒸气复原为液体，并将该液体返回到液体箱(1)中；一个带有基底夹持器(5)、冷凝装置(7)和用来引入N 2 气的阀(8)的盖板(9)，其中有机液体(10)通过盖板(9)紧紧地密封在液体箱(1)中。这一合成设备使得碳纳米管可大量地以低成本并且安全地合成。

METHOD FOR INITIATING CHAIN REACTIONS OF DISSOCIATION AND POLYCONDENSATION OF HYDROCARBONS AND DEVICES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2003 122 425 (13) A B 01 J 19/08, C 10 G 15/10 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2003122425/15, 24.07.2003 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.02.2005 Áþë. ¹ 4 (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÈÍÈÖÈÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÖÅÏÍÛÕ ÐÅÀÊÖÈÉ ÄÈÑÑÎÖÈÀÖÈÈ È ÏÎËÈÊÎÍÄÅÍÑÀÖÈÈ R U Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ñïîñîá èíèöèèðîâàíè öåïíûõ ðåàêöèé äèññîöèàöèè è ïîëèêîíäåíñàöèè óãëåâîäîðîäîâ, âêëþ÷àþùèé îáðàáîòêó èñõîäíîãî ñûðü , ñîäåðæàùåãî óãëåâîäîðîäû, èîíèçèðóþùèì èçëó÷åíèåì ýëåêòðîíàìè ïðè ïîâûøåííîé òåìïåðàòóðå è àòìîñôåðíîì äàâëåíèè, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî îñóùåñòâë þò îáðàáîòêó ïîâåðõíîñòè ñëî èñõîäíîãî ñûðü â ãàçîâîé ñðåäå, ñîäåðæàùåé âîäîðîä è/èëè ãàçîîáðàçíûå àëêàíû, ðåë òèâèñòñêèìè ýëåêòðîíàìè ñ ýíåðãèåé â äèàïàçîíå îò îêîëî 0,5 äî îêîëî 10,0 Ìý ïðè òîëùèíå îáðàáàòûâàåìîãî ñëî èñõîäíîãî ñûðü , ðàâíîé ãëóáèíå ïîãëîùåíè ýëåêòðîííîãî èçëó÷åíè , îïðåäåë åìîé èç ñîîòíîøåíè λ×ρ=0,5E-0,1, ãäå λ - ãëóáèíà ïîãëîùåíè ýëåêòðîííîãî èçëó÷åíè , ñì, 3 ρ - ïëîòíîñòü ñûðü , ã/ñì , Å - ýíåðãè ýëåêòðîíîâ, ÌýÂ. 2. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíî îáðàáîòêó îñóùåñòâë þò ðåë òèâèñòñêèìè ýëåêòðîíàìè ñ ýíåðãèåé â äèàïàçîíå îò îêîëî 0,5 äî îêîëî 2,5 ÌýÂ. 3. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1 èëè 2, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî îáðàáîòêó èîíèçèðóþùèì èçëó÷åíèåì îñóùåñòâë þò â ðåæèìå íåïðåðûâíîãî îáëó÷åíè . 4. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1 èëè 2, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî îáðàáîòêó èîíèçèðóþùèì èçëó÷åíèåì îñóùåñòâë þò â èìïóëüñíî-ïåðèîäè÷åñêîì ðåæèìå. 5. Ñïîñîá ïî ëþáîìó èç ï.ï.1-4, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî îáðàáîòêó ñëî èñõîäíîãî ñûðü îñóùåñòâë þò ñ äâóõ ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûõ ñòîðîí è ïðè ýòîì òîëùèíà ñëî ðàâíà ñóììå ãëóáèí ïîãëîùåíè ýëåêòðîííîãî èçëó÷åíè êàæäîé ñòîðîíîé ñëî . 6. Ñïîñîá ïî ëþáîìó èç ï.ï.1-5, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî ñëîé èñõîäíîãî ñûðü ôîðìèðóþò â ïîòîêå èñõîäíîãî ñûðü â îêðóæåíèè ãàçîâîé ñðåäû, ñîäåðæàùåé âîäîðîä Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU A 2 0 0 3 1 2 2 4 2 5 A ÓÃËÅÂÎÄÎÐÎÄÎÂ È ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÀ ÄËß ÅÃÎ ÎÑÓÙÅÑÒÂËÅÍÈß 2 0 0 3 1 2 2 4 2 5 (72) ...

Method for microwave conversion of methane-water mixture to synthesis gas

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemistry. The methane-water mixture is divided into two streams. One gas stream is fed into a water feeding apparatus, mixed with a water aerosol and then merged with the other stream and the mixture is fed the input of the centre electrode of a microwave plasmatron while controlling flow of the streams. A microwave plasma flame is formed in the jet of the methane-water mixture. EFFECT: invention simplifies the process. 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 513 622 C2 (51) МПК C01B 3/34 (2006.01) B01J 19/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012135387/05, 17.08.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 17.08.2012 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.02.2014 Бюл. № 6 (45) Опубликовано: 20.04.2014 Бюл. № 11 C1, 20.08.1998. SU 1531849 A3, 23.12.1989. RU 2318722 C2, 10.03.2008. RU 2075432 C1, 20.03.1997. RU 2182239 C2, 10.05.2002; . US 20030024806 A1, 06.02.2003 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Плазма-про" (RU) 2 5 1 3 6 2 2 R U (54) СПОСОБ МИКРОВОЛНОВЫЙ КОНВЕРСИИ МЕТАН-ВОДЯНОЙ СМЕСИ В СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области химии. микроволнового плазматрона, осуществляя Метан-водяную смесь разделяют на два потока. регулирование расхода потоков. В струе метанОдин поток газа направляют в устройство для водяной смеси формируют микроволновый подачи воды, смешивают с водным аэрозолем, плазменный факел. Изобретение позволяет затем соединяют с другим потоком и подают упростить процесс. 1 ил. смесь на вход в центральный электрод Стр.: 1 C 2 C 2 Адрес для переписки: 109156, Москва, ул. Генерала Кузнецова, 19, корп.1, кв.365, А.Е. Коломейцевой 2 5 1 3 6 2 2 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 80450 U1, 10.02.2009. RU 2117626 R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 17.08.2012 (72) Автор(ы): Коссый Игорь Антонович (RU), Анпилов Андрей Митрофанович (RU), ...

Foaming system for efficient plasma processing of heavy hydrocarbon

An apparatus for converting heavy hydrocarbons to light hydrocarbons includes an inlet capable of supplying a pre-foaming mixture comprising a hydrocarbon to be processed and a processing gas, wherein the processing gas is dissolved in the hydrocarbon to be processed; a foam generator configured to receive the pre-foaming mixture at a first pressure, compress the pre-foaming mixture to a second pressure that is higher than the first pressure by routing it through a nozzle; and generate a foam by allowing the pre-foaming mixture at the second pressure to expand in a chamber at a third pressure that is lower than the first or second pressures; a plasma reactor, wherein the plasma reactor is capable of receiving the foam and comprises at least one pair of spark gap electrodes capable of subjecting the foam to a plasma discharge to yield a processed mixture; and an outlet capable of receiving the processed mixture.

Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to provide reformate gas to both a fuel cell and an emission abatement device

A power system has a fuel reformer, an emission abatement device, and a fuel cell. The fuel reformer reforms hydrocarbon fuels so as to produce a reformate gas which is supplied to both the emission abatement device and the fuel cell. A method of operating a fuel reformer so as to generate and supply a reformate gas to both an emission abatement device and a fuel cell is also disclosed.

Rotating surface of revolution reactor with feed and collection mechanisms

A reactor including a rotatable disc ( 3 ) having a region ( 13 ) in an upper surface ( 5 ) thereof. Reactant ( 15 ) is supplied to the region ( 13 ) by way of a feed ( 4 ), the disc ( 3 ) is rotated at high speed, and the reactant ( 15 ) moves from the region ( 13 ) so as to form a film ( 17 ) on the surface ( 5 ). As the reactant ( 15 ) traverses the surface ( 5 ) of the disc ( 3 ), it undergoes chemical or physical processes before being thrown from the periphery of the disc ( 3 ) into collector means ( 7 ).

Method for producing chlorinated vinyl chloride resin and producing equipment

Photocatalytic reactor

A photocatalytic reactor (1) for carrying out a photocatalytic reaction on a liquid which is to be treated, the reactor comprising a reaction chamber (2) which comprises: (i) a foraminated member (10) which supports a plurality of mobile photocatalyst particles, the size and density of which is such that they tend to rest on the foraminated member (10) in use; and (ii) an aeration device (14, 16, 18) which causes gas bubbles to rise from the foraminated member and agitate the mobile photocatalyst particles. The reactor may be a flow - through reactor. The photocatalytic reactor can be applied to the remediation of waste water using titanium oxide.

Procedure for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and oxidant products uses electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma in a spiral reagent flow

The procedure consists of creating a reaction in a cylindrical chamber (100) between hydrocarbon and oxidant products in a spiral flow, using an electrical discharge to produce a non-thermic plasma, the discharge being selected so that the plasma is moved by the products to occupy the major part of the chamber. The discharge is produced by a high-tension generator fed by a low-tension current source and comprises a single or double resonance converter. The spiral flow of the products is created by a tangential injection of at least one of the reagents through one or more injectors that are preferably spaced at even intervals round the axis of the chamber, and possibly in groups. The reagents are introduced in the form of gases, either separately or pre-mixed.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SELECTIVELY ELIMINATING FUNCTIONALIZED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM A LIQUID MEDIUM

Plasma treatment within dielectric fluids

A dielectric liquid having entrained bubbles of gas or vapor is subjected to an electric field applied between spaced electrodes (112, 116) which generat es microdischarges (and thus plasma) within the bubbles, allowing modification of the properties of the dielectric liquid. The invention is particularly usefu l for treating hydrocarbon liquids such as gasolines and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which have extremely low dielectric constants. Generating microdischarges within bubbles in such fuels can create compounds useful for higher combustion efficiency and/or lower emissions in internal combustion engines. The invention may be directly implemented in an engine's fuel line upstream from the combustion chamber (e.g., immediately prior to a fuel injector), thereby allowing the invention to be usefully implemented for fue l treatment prior to combustion.

PLASMA-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBON MATERIALS

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DECOMPOSING HALOGEN ORGANIC COMPOUND AND INDUCTION PLASMA GENERATOR FOR USE THEREOF

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour décomposer un composé organique halogéné. Selon l'invention, il comprend un tube cylindrique 2, une tuyère d'alimentation en gaz 3, une torche de plasma à induction consistant en une bobine haute fréquence 4 enroulée sur le tube 2, une source 15 d'un gaz porteur, un premier récipient 10 qui contient le composé organique halogéné 12 en phase liquide et dans lequel est introduit le gaz porteur; un second récipient 11 qui contient de l'eau et dans lequel est introduit le gaz porteur et un passage 13 du gaz porteur qui mélange celui du premier récipient à celui du second récipient et force le mélange résultant dans la tuyère, le gaz porteur du premier récipient contenant le composé organique halogéné, celui du second récipient contenant de l'eau. L'invention s'applique notamment à la protection de l'environnement. The invention relates to a device for decomposing a halogenated organic compound. According to the invention, it comprises a cylindrical tube 2, a gas supply nozzle 3, an induction plasma torch consisting of a high frequency coil 4 wound on the tube 2, a source 15 of a carrier gas, a first container 10 which contains the halogenated organic compound 12 in liquid phase and into which the carrier gas is introduced; a second vessel 11 which contains water and into which the carrier gas is introduced and a carrier gas passage 13 which mixes that of the first vessel with that of the second vessel and forces the resulting mixture into the nozzle, the carrier gas of the first container containing the halogenated organic compound, that of the second container containing water. The invention applies in particular to the protection of the environment.

Flow tube used in ozone generators for disinfecting drinking water, and for cleaning fruit and vegetables comprises an outer tube, an inner tube arranged in the outer tube

Flow tube comprises an outer tube (12) with a water inlet (122) at one end and a water outlet (124) at the other end; an inner tube arranged in the outer tube so that a liquid can be fed into the intermediate chamber; and a valve (18) which allows gas to flow in one direction from the inner tube to the outer tube through holes. The inner tube consists of two conical tubes (14, 16). A narrow point is formed between the inner and outer tubes in the pipe system so that the path of the flow is at its narrowest at the holes. Independent claim is also included for: (a) air-cooled ozone forming tube; and (b) a flow dynamic ozone-producing structure. Preferred Features: The first conical tube (14) has a conical head and a base with the head orientated in the direction of the water inlet of the outer tube, and the second conical tube (16) has a diameter which decreases from one end to the other.

METHOD FOR MICROWAVE CONVERSION OF METHANE-WATER MIXTURE IN SYNTHESIS-GAS

Способ конверсии углеводородноводяной смеси в синтез-газ, характеризующийся тем, что рабочий газ или направляют в устройство для подачи воды, смешивают с водным аэрозолем и подают смесь на вход в центральный электрод микроволнового плазматрона, или рабочий газ разделяют на два потока, при этом один поток газа направляют в устройство для подачи воды, смешивают с водным аэрозолем, затем соединяют с другим потоком и подают смесь на вход в центральный электрод микроволнового плазматрона, осуществляя регулирование расхода потоков, при этом в струе углеводородноводяной смеси формируют микроволновый плазменный факел. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01B 3/00 (13) 2012 135 387 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012135387/05, 17.08.2012 (71) Заявитель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Плазма-про" (RU) Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 17.08.2012 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.02.2014 Бюл. № 6 A 2 0 1 2 1 3 5 3 8 7 R U Стр.: 1 A (57) Формула изобретения Способ конверсии углеводородноводяной смеси в синтез-газ, характеризующийся тем, что рабочий газ или направляют в устройство для подачи воды, смешивают с водным аэрозолем и подают смесь на вход в центральный электрод микроволнового плазматрона, или рабочий газ разделяют на два потока, при этом один поток газа направляют в устройство для подачи воды, смешивают с водным аэрозолем, затем соединяют с другим потоком и подают смесь на вход в центральный электрод микроволнового плазматрона, осуществляя регулирование расхода потоков, при этом в струе углеводородноводяной смеси формируют микроволновый плазменный факел. 2 0 1 2 1 3 5 3 8 7 (54) СПОСОБ МИКРОВОЛНОВОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ МЕТАН-ВОДЯНОЙ СМЕСИ В СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗ R U Адрес для переписки: 109156, Москва, ул. Генерала Кузнецова, 19, корп.1, кв.365, А.Е. Коломейцевой (72) Автор(ы): Коссый Игорь Антонович (RU), Анпилов Андрей Митрофанович (RU), Бархударов Эдуард Михайлович (RU), Грицинин Сергей ...

Process for separation of hydrogen and oxygen from a photocatalytic water-splitting process

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen. A process comprises injecting a flammability suppressor into a photocatalytic water-splitting reactor to form a suppressed feed source gas, introducing the suppressed feed source gas to a first membrane separation unit, and collecting a hydrogen product gas stream.

Method of manufacturing dispersion liquid and manufacturing apparatus of dispersion liquid

Decomposition of chemical species in a contaminated fluid

Disclosed herein is a method for decomposing chemical species in a contaminated fluid. The method comprises atomising a liquid stream and delivering atomised droplets into an upper portion of a reaction chamber having a pressurised atmosphere comprising a gaseous reactive species, the contaminated fluid being delivered into the reaction chamber with the liquid stream or with the gaseous reactive species; causing a vortex within the reaction chamber, whereby the atomised droplets spiral downwardly, with larger sized atomised droplets tending to move towards sidewalls of the reaction chamber; and collecting atomised droplets which land at a centre of a lower portion of the reaction chamber, the collected droplets providing a treated liquid comprising decomposed chemical species.

Reactor for gas-liquid two-phase high-pressure reaction by foaming medium

一种用发泡介质进行气/液两相高压反应的反应器，其包含由圆柱形的垂直取向的细长壳体、底部和顶盖形成的内部，其中所述内部被内件划分成反混区和限制反混区，其中反混区和限制反混区可被反应混合物依次穿过，其中反混区包含用于引入气体和液体的装置和气体出口，还包含选自搅拌器、射流喷嘴和气体注入装置的至少一个混合装置，且限制反混区包含反应产物出口；第一圆柱形内部件，其在内部在反应器的纵向上延伸并将限制反混区与反混区分界；布置在限制反混区中的无规则填料、规整填料或液体可渗透托盘形式的防反混的第二内部件；和上升管，其下端布置在反混区内且其上端通入限制反混区以使来自反混区的液体可经由上升管上升到限制反混区，其中进入限制反混区的流从下方进入。配置所述反应器以使高压反应空间得到最优利用并基本避免后处理步骤或安排在高压反应下游的后续反应被泡沫污染。本发明进一步涉及在所述反应器中进行连续气/液两相高压反应的方法。

Flow reactor vessels and reactor systems

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

Plasma treatment within dielectric fluids

A dielectric liquid having entrained bubbles of gas or vapor is subjected to an electric field applied between spaced electrodes (112, 116) which generates microdischarges (and thus plasma) within the bubbles, allowing modification of the properties of the dielectric liquid. The invention is particularly useful for treating hydrocarbon liquids such as gasolines and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which have extremely low dielectric constants. Generating microdischarges within bubbles in such fuels can create compounds useful for higher combustion efficiency and/or lower emissions in internal combustion engines. The invention may be directly implemented in an engine's fuel line upstream from the combustion chamber (e.g., immediately prior to a fuel injector), thereby allowing the invention to be usefully implemented for fuel treatment prior to combustion.

Hydrogen production

A process and apparatus are provided for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel by combining the fuel with a gas comprising both oxygen and steam, and passing the resulting mixture through a plasma generated by a microwave plasma generator between opposed electrodes. At least one of the electrodes defines a duct for outflow of gaseous material from the vicinity of the plasma, and the gas mixture emerging from the outflow duct contains hydrogen. The fuel undergoes partial oxidation and steam reforming, the reactions being initiated by the plasma rather than by a catalyst.

Plasma reactor for gas to liquid fuel conversion

A non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor includes a high-voltage power source configured to provide a pulsed high-voltage potential; a gas inlet; a liquid sorbent inlet; a product outlet; a plurality of first electrodes connected to the high-voltage power source; a plurality of second electrodes that are grounded; and a trough; the plurality of first electrodes being separated from the plurality of second electrodes by a discharge region.

Production method and production device for chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin

Plasma-catalytic conversion of carbonaceous matters

A catalytic process and device for conversion of liquid or gas carbonaceous matter (6) to a mixture containing hydrogen H2 and carbon monoxide CO is disclosed. The resulting mixture is accompanied by methane CH4 and ethylene C2H4 and the conversion is achieved by a partial oxidization of the carbonaceous matter with the elementary oxygen O2 content in a gas oxidant added to the carbonaceous matter. The carbonaceous matter and gas oxidant come into contact with a catalyst comprising dispersed nickel oxide supported by a refractory for which the melting point exceeds twelve hundred and fifty degrees centigrade. The partial oxidization takes place in a temperature range of between six hundred degrees centigrade and one thousand degrees centigrade.

Hydrogen generator and hydrogen generation method

水素化合物を含む液体を入れる容器と、前記液体中に気泡を発生させる気泡発生手段と、前記液体に電磁波を照射する電磁波発生装置と、水素回収手段を備え、液中にプラズマを発生させて水素化合物を分解し、発生した水素を回収する水素発生装置によって、液中で高エネルギーのプラズマを発生させて、反応速度とエネルギー効率が高い水素発生を行うことができる。 A container containing a liquid containing a hydrogen compound; a bubble generating means for generating bubbles in the liquid; an electromagnetic wave generating device for irradiating the liquid with electromagnetic waves; and a hydrogen recovery means for generating plasma in the liquid to generate hydrogen A hydrogen generator that decomposes the compound and collects the generated hydrogen can generate high-energy plasma in the liquid to generate hydrogen with high reaction rate and energy efficiency.

REACTIVE PHOTOCATALYTIC DISTILLATION.

Methods and apparatus for producing fullerenes in large quantities from liquid hydrocarbons

A method and apparatus for producing fullerenes, in large quantities at an economical cost, from liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons treated by a high energy source in a reactor devoid of oxygen are presented. The liquid hydrocarbons preferably selected from used hazardous materials such as used motor oils, oils, crude petroleum or petroleum cracking by-products, and the gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane and acetylene, are introduced into the oxygen deprived reactor and exposed to a high energy source which may be a plasma jet, a laser beam or a submerged electrical arc. Exposure to the high energy source causes the hydrocarbon atoms to disassociate, thereby converting the liquid and gaseous components into a vapor or cloud of mixed material. The vapor or cloud is then processed to enable the liberated carbon atoms to bind and recombine to form fullerenes. The cloud is then introduced into a condensation zone of said reactor to form a mixture of fullerenes, solid soot and residue gases. The fullerenes and solid soot are separated from said residue gases, then the fullerenes are separated from the solid soot. The end result of the technique is the extraction of a mixture of fullerenes C 60 , C 70 and higher fullerenes.

Carbon dioxide photoconversion reactor

According to the inventive concept, a carbon dioxide photo-reactor includes a body having a closed interior space, provided with a photocatalytic material in the interior space, and that generates a reaction gas and a liquefied fluid from carbon dioxide through a photoconversion reaction, a gas injector that provides a passage, through which the carbon dioxide flows, a vapor injector that provides a passage, through which vapor flows, a gas discharger, through which the generated reaction gas is discharged, a liquid discharger, through which the generated liquefied fluid is discharged, and at least one elongate structure disposed to cross the interior space in a predetermined direction.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONVERTING FOOD MATERIALS THAT CONTAIN CARBON IN MATERIALS CONTAINING CARBON THAT HAVE A DEFINED STRUCTURE.

Procedimiento para producir compuestos que contienen negro de carbono o carbono convirtiendo un material de alimentación que contiene carbono, que comprende las siguientes etapas: u generar un gas plasmático con energía eléctrica u guiar el gas plasmático a través de un tubo de Venturi, cuyo diámetro se estrecha en la dirección del flujo de gas plasmático, u guiar el gas plasmático a un área de reacción, en la que bajo las condiciones de flujo imperantes generadas por fuerzas aerodinámicas y electromagnéticas, no se produce una recirculación significativa de materiales de alimentación o productos hacia la zona generadora de plasma u inyectar el material de alimentación dentro del gas plasmático en el área de reacción, u recuperar los productos de reacción del área de reacción y u separar compuestos que contienen negro de carbono o carbono de los otros productos de reacción. Process for producing compounds containing carbon black or carbon by converting a carbon-containing feedstock, which comprises the following steps: either generating a plasma gas with electrical energy or guiding the plasma gas through a Venturi tube, whose diameter is narrow in the direction of the plasma gas flow, or guide the plasma gas to a reaction area, where under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, there is no significant recirculation of feed materials or products to the plasma generating zone or injecting the feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area, or recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

Uniform aerosol delivery for flow-based pyrolysis for inorganic material synthesis

Light-driven flow reactors are configured with an aerosol delivery apparatus that is designed to improve the reactive process with respect to forming uniform product compositions at higher rates. In particular, the reactant delivery system can deliver an aerosol having an average droplet size of no more than about 50 microns, and in some embodiments 20 microns, and with less than 1 droplet in 10,000 having a diameter greater than 5 times the average droplet size. In some embodiments, the edge of the aerosol generator can be placed within about 6 centimeters of the edge of the light beam passing through the reaction chamber. The average aerosol velocity can be no more than about 5 meters per second. In some embodiments, the aerosol generator can comprise a non-circular opening and a gas permeable structure that is used to generate a mist that is delivered from the apparatus as an aerosol.

Apparatus for reacting solution and reaction method

Plasma reformer with extended volume discharge

Plasma reformer having a high voltage electrode spaced apart from a grounded electrode creating a volume therebetween. At least one electrically floating electrode is disposed between the high voltage electrode and the grounded electrode and a fuel atomizer is disposed to inject a hydrocarbon fuel into the volume. Structure is provided for introducing air into the volume and a high voltage source establishes a high voltage between the high voltage electrode and grounded electrode to create a cascade arc in the volume. The electrically floating electrodes increase the arc length and the discharge volume to create a cascade arc having a combined extended length and increased contact time with an air-fuel mixture for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel.

Concentrated solar receiver and reactor systems comprising heat transfer fluid

Apparatus operable using concentrated solar radiation, the apparatus comprising a body having a cavity adapted to receive concentrated solar radiation, a heat energy absorber associated with the cavity to receive heat from concentrated solar radiation within the cavity, a chamber containing a body of matter, the chamber being in heat exchange relation with the heat energy absorber to receive heat therefrom for heating the body of matter, and an inlet means for introducing fluid into the chamber for contacting the contained body of matter. Also, a reactor system for contacting a reactant liquid with two gaseous reactants, the reactor system comprising two reactors interconnected for circulation of a reactant liquid therebetween, whereby the circulating reactant liquid is enabled to react with a gaseous reactant introduced into one reactor and to also react with a gaseous reactant introduced into the other reactor.

Method for producing carbon black or carbon-containing compound; a device for the realization of the method; carbon black produced by using the method

Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

Plasma reformer and internal combustion engine system having the same

A plasma reformer includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an insulating member, an atomizing device and a power supply. A discharge gap is defined between the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating member is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode to insulating the first electrode and the second electrode, and a vortex gas flow route is formed between the insulating member and the first electrode, the second electrode. The second electrode penetrates the insulating member. The atomizing device is arranged on the first electrode and/or the second electrode. The power supply is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode.

A kind of method that pyridine liquid phase Light chlorimation prepares 2,6- dichloropyridine

本发明涉及一种采用三氟甲基氯苯作为吡啶和氯气反应的溶剂，制备产品纯度≥99.0%的2,6‑二氯吡啶的方法，制备过程包括以下步骤：以吡啶和氯气为起始原料，以三氟甲基氯苯为溶剂，在紫外光的照射下使吡啶和氯气连续进行氯化反应，氯化反应产物和溶剂冷却得到的吡啶氯化液。优点：一是开创了2,6‑二氯吡啶由液相光氯化反应直接高选择性制备的先例，既得到纯度≥99.0%的2,6‑二氯吡啶产品，又易于工业化生产；二是不仅实现了纯度≥99.0%的2,6‑二氯吡啶产品制备过程中分离溶剂的回用，而且实现了制备过程中低污染、低能耗、低成本的目的。

Patent TWI379780B

Preparation method of silicon carbide

本发明提供了一种碳化硅的制备方法，属于于半导体制备技术领域。它解决了现有简单露天碳化硅制备设备大量生产纯度较低的碳化硅导致会对环境造成很大的污染和价格低廉的问题。本碳化硅的制备方法，在真空环境或者惰性气体保护下的炉体内，将生产碳化硅的硅原材料在超过1300℃的高温环境中熔解或者蒸发并将熔解或者蒸发的硅原材料与含有碳元素的气体或液体反应生成碳化硅。本发明采用不含金属杂质的含碳气体来代替现有制备方法中的石油焦、树脂、沥青、墨、碳纤维、石炭、木炭等碳素原料，在进行碳化反应时硅原材料为熔化或者蒸发气化的状态以及在空中进行反应，不需要载体，减少了杂质的混入，制备的碳化硅纯度较高。