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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 885. Отображено 198.
26-11-2020 дата публикации

УСТАНОВКА И СПОСОБ СУШКИ И ТВЕРДОФАЗНОЙ ПОЛИКОНДЕНСАЦИИ ПОЛИМЕРНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Номер: RU2737290C2

Изобретение относится к установке для сушки и твердофазной поликонденсации влагосодержащего полимерного материала в гранулированной форме. Техническим результатом является повышение равномерности сушки полимерного материала в гранулированной форме и его твердофазную поликонденсацию за очень короткое время и с высокой тепловой эффективностью. Технический результат достигается установкой для сушки и твердофазной поликонденсации влагосодержащего полимерного материала в гранулированной форме, которая содержит трубопровод, подающий материал, подлежащий обработке, в продольном направлении, зону обработки для обработки полимерного материала, расположенную вдоль трубопровода, нагнетающие устройства для нагнетания инертного газа в трубопровод и излучающие устройства для излучения переменного электромагнитного поля радиочастотного диапазона, для тепловой обработки полимерного материала, для его сушки и обновления. Причем излучающие устройства содержат совокупность аппликаторов, расположенных в соответствии ...

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28-05-2019 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГИДРАТОВ В ТЕКУЧИХ СРЕДАХ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ГАЗ ИЛИ ГАЗОВЫЙ КОНДЕНСАТ

Номер: RU2689612C2
Принадлежит: ЭНИ С.п.А. (IT)

Изобретение относится к способу предотвращения образования гидратов в текучих средах, содержащих газы или газовые конденсаты. Способ включает воздействие на указанные текучие среды электромагнитными волнами в пределах видимой и инфракрасной области спектра, заключенной в диапазоне λ от 500 нм или более до менее 1 мм (от более 300 ГГц до 600 ТГц или менее), для предотвращения образования кристаллических связей, ответственных за образование указанных гидратов. Эффективность способа основана на использовании электромагнитного излучения в пределах четко определенного диапазона частот без необходимости применения химических добавок. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 4 ил.

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27-05-2020 дата публикации

Номер: RU2018138147A3
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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30-04-2020 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 5-(БРОММЕТИЛ)-1-БЕНЗОТИОФЕНА

Номер: RU2018138147A
Принадлежит:

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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Equipment protecting enclosures

Номер: AP2015008339A0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: AP2015008336A0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: AP2015008337A0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: AP0201508336A0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: AP0201508337A0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: AP0201508337D0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Equipment protecting enclosures

Номер: AP0201508339D0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: AP0201508336D0
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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Equipment protecting enclosures

Номер: AP0201508339A0
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11-02-2016 дата публикации

Reverse-phase polymerisation process

Номер: AU2014298551A1
Принадлежит:

A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises, providing in a vessel (1) a volume (2) of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point (3) and at least one monomer feed point (4), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices (5) into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point subjecting the aqueous monomer beads to polymerisation conditions to initiate polymerisation to form polymerising beads, wherein the polymerising beads have formed polymer beads when ...

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13-04-2017 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: AU2013329217B2
Принадлежит: Wrays

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. Provided herein is an apparatus for producing a treated biomass material, that includes an ionizing radiation source.

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08-11-2012 дата публикации

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Номер: AU2011216261B2
Принадлежит:

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

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11-07-2013 дата публикации

Devices and methods for curing nail gels

Номер: AU2012207052A1
Принадлежит:

... [0056] Novel nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are disclosed. Novel shields for nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are also disclosed. The devices and shields are useful for curing nail gels and more particularly where light emitting diode "LED" equipped devices are used to cure UV-VIS curable nail gel resins. 00 o) O 0O o 16 FIG. 6 20 ...

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20-10-2018 дата публикации

FUEL REFORMER FOR VEHICLE

Номер: CA0003002043A1
Автор: INAMI, NORIO, INAMI NORIO
Принадлежит:

Provided is a fuel reformer for a vehicle. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a fuel tank in which fuel of the internal combustion engine is stored, and a fuel supply device configured to supply the fuel in the fuel tank to the internal combustion engine. The fuel reformer includes an irradiator configured to emit light from an irradiation portion. The irradiation portion is disposed at a position where the fuel stored in the fuel tank is irradiated with the light without the light passing through a gas phase region in the fuel tank.

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23-11-2017 дата публикации

RECOVERY OF A METAL FROM OXIDIZED ORES AND PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SULPHIDE ORES AND OTHER COMPOSITIONS OF VALUABLE ORE

Номер: CA0003012503A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for separating and recovering at least one metal from a source of primary and secondary sulphurated minerals and/or oxidised minerals, comprising determining and altering the dielectric constant values of the mineral source.

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05-10-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 5-(BROMOMETHYL)-1-BENZOTHIOPHENE

Номер: CA0003018486A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for industrially producing 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene. The production method according to the present invention comprises: (1) a step for introducing 5-methyl-1-benzothiophene, a brominating agent, and a solvent into a reactor; (2) a step for emitting light having a wavelength range of 200-780 nm inside the reactor; and (3) a step for recovering 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene from the reactor.

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31-08-2021 дата публикации

PLANT AND METHOD FOR DRYING AND SOLID STATE POLYCONDENSING OF POLYMERIC MATERIAL

Номер: CA2978682C
Принадлежит: OFFICINE DI CARTIGLIANO SPA

A plant (1) for drying and solid state polycondensing a moisture-containing polymeric material (M) in granular form, comprising a conduit (2) for feeding the material to be treated in a longitudinal direction (L), at least one treatment zone (7) for treating the polymeric material, means (6) for blowing an inert gas into the conduit, radiating means (8) for emitting an alternating electromagnetic field in the radio-frequency band and comprising a plurality of applicators (9) located in correspondence of said treatment zone and external to the conduit in longitudinally offset positions; said applicators are connected to the terminals of an electromagnetic wave generator (10) and comprise pairs of opposed radiating elements (11, 11') which are adapted to generate an alternating electromagnetic field in the conduit; the pairs of radiating elements defining magnetic dipoles with opposite polarities along the conduit. Further claimed is a method of drying and solid state polycondensing a polymeric ...

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11-10-2012 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON PROCESSING BY USING RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Номер: CA0002831452A1
Принадлежит:

An aspect of at least one embodiment of the present invention is a device for cracking heavy hydrocarbons. A linear applicator is positioned within heavy oil containing aromatic molecules. A radio frequency electrical current source is electrically connected to the applicator at a first connection point and a second connection point to create a closed electrical loop. The radio frequency source is configured to apply a signal to the applicator that is sufficient to create a magnetic field and an electric field relative to the axis of the linear applicator. The device also includes a chamber positioned around the applicator generally between the first connection point and the second connection point to concentrate the magnetic field within a region surrounding the applicator and containing the heavy hydrocarbons.

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29-06-2018 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

Номер: EA0201890376A2
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-10-2018 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

Номер: EA0201890376A3
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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29-01-2016 дата публикации

MATERIALS

Номер: EA0201590395A1
Автор:
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29-07-2015 дата публикации

Electronic ink capsule-making apparatus and method

Номер: CN103246122B
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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14-06-2018 дата публикации

의료 장치 포장 필름으로부터의 ClO2 가스의 방출

Номер: KR1020180064372A
Принадлежит:

... 다층 의료 포장 필름이 제1 층 및 이산화염소-생성 층을 포함한다. 이산화염소-생성 층이 중합체 조성물 및 복수 개의 클로라이트 이온을 포함한다. 이산화염소-생성 층은 에너지-활성화 촉매가 실질적으로 없고 산-방출 화합물이 실질적으로 없다. 그러나, 필름은 자외선 및 수분에 노출될 때 이산화염소를 생성할 수 있다.

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06-12-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Номер: US20180346329A1
Принадлежит: SABIC Global Technologies B.V.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

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18-12-2018 дата публикации

Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

Номер: US0010155706B2

The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes.

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31-10-2017 дата публикации

Loss profile analysis

Номер: US0009807823B2
Принадлежит: GOJI LIMITED, GOJI LTD

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying radio frequency (RF) energy to an object in an energy application zone. At least one processor may be configured to cause RF energy to be applied at a plurality of electromagnetic field patterns to the object in the energy application zone. The processor may be further configured to determine an amount of power dissipated in the energy application zone, for each of the plurality of field patterns. The processor may also be configured to determine a spatial distribution of energy absorption characteristics across at least a portion of the energy application zone based on the amounts of power dissipated when the plurality of field patterns are applied to the energy application zone.

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13-10-2015 дата публикации

Photocatalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols: a green synthesis approach

Номер: US0009156763B1

A photocatalyst comprising silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) is used for selective and exhaustive conversion of alcohols into their corresponding carbonyl compounds; namely, benzyl alcohol, 4-methoxy benzyl alcohol and/or cinnamyl alcohol with >99% yield. The reactions were carried out in double distilled water at room temperature and pressure under sunlight-type excitation. Oxidation of alcohols is selective and Ag3PO4 may be active for a variety of other essential oxidation reactions.

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22-05-2018 дата публикации

Photocatalyst for water splitting comprising gallium selenide and photoelectrode for water splitting comprising the same

Номер: US0009975115B2

Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an Ag—Ga selenide, or both thereof.

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22-08-2019 дата публикации

THREE-PART NANO-CATALYST AND USE THEREOF FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS

Номер: US20190255517A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a nanocatalyst-type nanoscale composition including a nanoparticle semiconductor, plasmonic metal nanoparticles and an organic photosensitiser of the carbo-mer type. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a nano-catalyst. Also disclosed is use of the nanocatalyst for photoelectrolysis, in particular, for the photoelectrolysis of water, as well as to a power source including the nanocatalyst.

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25-10-2018 дата публикации

БЛОК ДЛЯ ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЯ ДИОКСИДА ХЛОРА И ГЕНЕРАТОР ДИОКСИДА ХЛОРА

Номер: RU2670839C2

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Блок генерирования диоксида хлора содержит секцию с объемом для хранения агента и по меньшей мере две части с источником излучения. Часть с источником излучения предназначена для генерирования излучения с длинами волн в видимой области спектра. В секции с объемом для хранения агента находится агент, содержащий твердый хлорит. Твердый хлорит содержит пористое вещество, несущее хлорит, и металлический или неметаллический катализатор в соотношении 1:0,04-0,8. В секции с объемом хранения агента имеется одно или большее число отверстий для того, чтобы воздух мог входить и выходить из секции с объемом для хранения агента. Газообразный диоксид хлора генерируется за счет облучения видимым светом агента, находящегося в секции с объемом для хранения агента. Предложенное изобретение обеспечивает блок генерирования диоксида хлора, который может выделять достаточное количество диоксида хлора в течение продолжительного периода времени при ...

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26-09-2017 дата публикации

СПОСОБ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ С ОБРАЩЕННОЙ ФАЗОЙ

Номер: RU2631654C2
Принадлежит: БАСФ СЕ (DE)

Изобретение относится к способу получения полимеров полимеризацией с обращенной фазой. Способ суспензионной полимеризации с обращенной фазой для получения полимерного бисера включает образование водных мономерных капель, содержащих водный раствор растворимого в воде этиленненасыщенного мономера или смеси мономеров, и полимеризацию мономера или смеси мономеров с образованием полимерного бисера, одновременно суспендированного в неводной жидкости и отделение полимерного бисера. Условия полимеризации включают воздействие на водные мономерные капли ультрафиолетовым светом по меньшей мере из одного источника ультрафиолетового света. Интенсивность ультрафиолетового света находится в интервале 30-1000 мВт/см, температура в начале реакции находится ниже 30°С. Описано также устройство для способа суспензионной полимеризации и растворимый или набухаемый в воде полимерный бисер. Технический результат – предоставление способа получения растворимого в воде или набухаемого в воде полимерного бисера, в ...

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10-05-2015 дата публикации

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЛН РАДИОЧАСТОТНОГО ДИАПАЗОНА

Номер: RU2013145287A
Принадлежит:

... 1. Способ обогащения тяжелой нефти, включающий:размещение аппликатора (14) в тяжелых углеводородах, содержащих молекулы (18) ароматических соединений, при этом аппликатор содержит первую точку соединения на первом конце и вторую точку соединения на втором противолежащем конце;соединение источника (12) электрического тока радиочастотного (RF) диапазона с аппликатором (14) в первой и второй точках (13, 15), при этом указанный источник (12) тока RF содержит:передатчик (22), выполненный для передачи RF электрического тока;трансформатор (24), содержащий первичный контур (26) и вторичный контур (28), причем передатчик (22) электрически соединен с первичным контуром (26), при этом вторичный контур (28) электрически соединен с аппликатором (14) в первой и второй точке (13, 15) соединения, и первичный контур (26) выполнен с возможностью регулировки относительно вторичного контура (28) для изменения нагрузочного сопротивления, воспринимаемого передатчиком (22); инастроечный конденсатор (29), электрически ...

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10-01-2015 дата публикации

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ РАДИОЧАСТОТНОЙ МОДИФИКАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО РЕСУРСА

Номер: RU2013129247A
Принадлежит:

... 1. Устройство для радиочастотной модификации углеводородного ресурса, включающее:первый тракт модификации углеводородного ресурса, включающий множество каскадов первого аппликатора радиочастотной мощности, включенных последовательно друг за другом, при этом каждый каскад первого аппликатора радиочастотной мощности конфигурирован так, чтобы подавать радиочастотную мощность для модификации проходящего по нему углеводородного ресурса; ивторой тракт модификации углеводородного ресурса, включающий по меньшей мере один каскад второго аппликатора радиочастотной мощности, включенный параллельно с по меньшей мере одним из упомянутых каскадов первого аппликатора радиочастотной мощности, при этом упомянутый каскад второго аппликатора радиочастотной мощности конфигурирован так, чтобы подавать радиочастотную мощность для модификации проходящего по нему углеводородного ресурса.2. Устройство по п.1, в котором каждый последовательный каскад из упомянутого множества каскадов первого аппликатора радиочастотной ...

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14-07-2016 дата публикации

Photochemical reaction system

Номер: AU2013349016B2
Принадлежит:

This photochemical reaction system is provided with: a CO ...

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17-09-2009 дата публикации

PLASMONIC ASSISTED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

Номер: CA0002965964A1
Принадлежит:

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of the plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUNCTIONALIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND FUNCTIONALIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE THEREBY PRODUCED

Номер: CA0002956661A1
Принадлежит:

A method for producing functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose, the method comprising the steps of providing cellulose, mixing said cellulose with a peroxide, thereby producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture, and/or exposing the reaction mixture to UV radiation is provided. Functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose produced by this method is also provided.

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21-10-2010 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EXCITATION OF RESONANCES IN MOLECULES

Номер: CA0002761850A1
Принадлежит:

A method is described to excite molecules at their natural resonance frequencies with sufficient energy to break or form chemical bonds using electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency range. Liquid, solid, or gaseous materials are prepared and injected into a resonant structure where they are bombarded with electromagnetic energy in the RF or microwave range at resonant frequencies of the molecules of the materials. Alternatively, electromagnetic energy tuned to dielectric particles prepared from the materials may also be supplied to further enhance the reaction.

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18-08-2011 дата публикации

REACTORS FOR CONDUCTING THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES WITH SOLAR HEAT INPUT, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: CA0002788433A1
Принадлежит:

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

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07-11-2015 дата публикации

NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR APPLIED PHOTOCATALYSIS

Номер: CA0002890789A1
Принадлежит:

A nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface is described. A process for preparing the nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface, which hydroxides and oxygen vacancies can participate in chemical reactions, which composition is prepared by a method selected from the group of methods comprising: i) controlled thermally induced dehydroxylation of nanostructured metal hydroxide precursors; ii) thermochemical reaction of said nanostructured metal oxide with hydrogen gas; iii) vacuum thermal treatment of said nanostructured metal oxide; and iv) aliovalent doping with a lower oxidation state metal. A photocatalyst comprising a nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising an optimal loading of hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface, which hydroxides and/or oxygen ...

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: UA0000119031C2
Принадлежит:

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29-06-2018 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROTECTING EQUIPMENT

Номер: EA0201890348A2
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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28-02-2019 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF BIOMASS

Номер: EA0201892104A1
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-05-2016 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC DISULFIDES REACTION THEIR MIXTURE BY DISTILLATION

Номер: EA0201590436A1
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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29-01-2016 дата публикации

CASINGS FOR PROTECTING EQUIPMENT

Номер: EA0201590394A1
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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29-01-2016 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF BIOMASS

Номер: EA0201590393A1
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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31-10-2018 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROTECTING EQUIPMENT

Номер: EA0201890348A3
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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06-05-2015 дата публикации

Photocatalyst comprising gold-palladium alloy, method for preparation, photolysis system

Номер: CN104602808A
Принадлежит:

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19-04-2019 дата публикации

Polymerization of hydrocarbons

Номер: CN0109651535A
Принадлежит:

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07-03-2014 дата публикации

DSO OF REACTIVE DISTILLATION

Номер: FR0002994974A1
Автор: FREMY GEORGES
Принадлежит:

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation de disulfures de dialkyle symétriques ou dissymétriques en engageant au moins un mélange de disulfures de dialkyle symétriques et/ou dissymétriques dans une réaction catalytique basique et/ou photochimique, avec extraction conjointe, de préférence en continu du ou des disulfure(s) symétrique(s) et/ou dissymétrique(s) que l'on souhaite obtenir. Le procédé de l'invention est particulièrement adapté à la préparation de disulfure de diméthyle ou de disulfure de diéthyle à partir d'un mélange de disulfures de dialkyle symétriques et/ou dissymétriques.

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING EFFLUENTS IN A BED OF MICROBEADS BY COLD PLASMA AND PHOTOCATALYSIS

Номер: WO2013079858A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for treating effluents (2) circulating between the inlet (4) and the outlet (5) of a reactor (1), consisting in subjecting the effluents to a cold plasma treatment and to the action of a photocatalyzing agent under UV radiation with a view to the production of oxidizing species for the treatment of the effluents. According to the invention, the process consists in subjecting the effluents simultaneously to a cold plasma treatment and to the action of a photocatalyzing agent under UV radiation, the cold plasma treatment being carried out in an integrated and localized manner within a bed of porous microbeads (9) placed inside the reactor (1) and that carry the photocatalyzing agent making it possible to ensure the generation of oxidizing species, and also their diffusion within the bed.

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18-03-2014 дата публикации

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Номер: US0008673220B2

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A representative system includes a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

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25-10-2018 дата публикации

FUEL REFORMER FOR VEHICLE

Номер: US20180306145A1
Принадлежит: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha

Provided is a fuel reformer for a vehicle. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a fuel tank in which fuel of the internal combustion engine is stored, and a fuel supply device configured to supply the fuel in the fuel tank to the internal combustion engine. The fuel reformer includes an irradiator configured to emit light from an irradiation portion. The irradiation portion is disposed at a position where the fuel stored in the fuel tank is irradiated with the light without the light passing through a gas phase region in the fuel tank.

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31-03-2016 дата публикации

SMALL REACTOR AND REACTION DEVICE

Номер: US20160089652A1
Принадлежит: DEXERIALS CORPORATION

A small reactor, which contains an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains: a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein; a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; and a discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel, wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve. 1. A small reactor , comprising:an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains:a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein;a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; anda discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel,wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve.2. The small reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is composed of a first inorganic transparent substrate in a surface of which a groove to be the reaction channel is formed claim 1 , and a second inorganic transparent substrate provided to the side of the surface of the first inorganic transparent substrate where the groove is formed claim 1 , where the first inorganic transparent substrate and the second inorganic transparent substrate are joined with joint surfaces formed at surfaces thereof claim 1 , andwherein the first inorganic transparent substrate and the second inorganic transparent substrate are chemically bonded and integrated to form the inorganic transparent substrate after joined at the joint surfaces.3. The small reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is a glass substrate.4. The small ...

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24-11-2016 дата публикации

LIGHT-SWITCHABLE CATALYST FOR THE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM para-FORMALDEHYDE

Номер: US20160340186A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from formaldehyde, the method comprising obtaining an aqueous mixture having a basic pH and comprising formaldehyde, an iron containing photocatalyst, and a base, and subjecting the aqueous mixture to light to produce hydrogen (H2) gas from the formaldehyde.

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28-01-2019 дата публикации

Номер: RU2016138402A3
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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29-11-2018 дата публикации

БЛОК ДЛЯ ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЯ ДИОКСИДА ХЛОРА И ГЕНЕРАТОР ДИОКСИДА ХЛОРА

Номер: RU2670839C9

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Блок генерирования диоксида хлора содержит секцию с объемом для хранения агента и по меньшей мере две части с источником излучения. Часть с источником излучения предназначена для генерирования излучения с длинами волн в видимой области спектра. В секции с объемом для хранения агента находится агент, содержащий твердый хлорит. Твердый хлорит содержит пористое вещество, несущее хлорит, и металлический или неметаллический катализатор в соотношении 1:0,04-0,8. В секции с объемом хранения агента имеется одно или большее число отверстий для того, чтобы воздух мог входить и выходить из секции с объемом для хранения агента. Газообразный диоксид хлора генерируется за счет облучения видимым светом агента, находящегося в секции с объемом для хранения агента. Предложенное изобретение обеспечивает блок генерирования диоксида хлора, который может выделять достаточное количество диоксида хлора в течение продолжительного периода времени при ...

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08-08-2019 дата публикации

Номер: RU2017130711A3
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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01-07-2021 дата публикации

Plant and method for drying and solid state polycondensing of polymeric material

Номер: AU2016231798B2
Принадлежит:

A plant (1) for drying and solid state polycondensing a moisture-containing polymeric material (M) in granular form, comprising a conduit (2) for feeding the material to be treated in a longitudinal direction (L), at least one treatment zone (7) for treating the polymeric material, means (6) for blowing an inert gas into the conduit, radiating means (8) for emitting an alternating electromagnetic field in the radio-frequency band and comprising a plurality of applicators (9) located in correspondence of said treatment zone and external to the conduit in longitudinally offset positions; said applicators are connected to the terminals of an electromagnetic wave generator (10) and comprise pairs of opposed radiating elements (11, 11') which are adapted to generate an alternating electromagnetic field in the conduit; the pairs of radiating elements defining magnetic dipoles with opposite polarities along the conduit. Further claimed is a method of drying and solid state polycondensing a polymeric ...

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24-09-2020 дата публикации

Method for producing 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene

Номер: AU2017239816B9
Принадлежит: Griffith Hack

Provided is a method for industrially producing 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene. The production method according to the present invention comprises: (1) a step for introducing 5-methyl-1-benzothiophene, a brominating agent, and a solvent into a reactor; (2) a step for emitting light having a wavelength range of 200-780 nm inside the reactor; and (3) a step for recovering 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene from the reactor.

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22-09-2016 дата публикации

PLANT AND METHOD FOR DRYING AND SOLID STATE POLYCONDENSING OF POLYMERIC MATERIAL

Номер: CA0002978682A1
Принадлежит:

A plant (1) for drying and solid state polycondensing a moisture-containing polymeric material (M) in granular form, comprising a conduit (2) for feeding the material to be treated in a longitudinal direction (L), at least one treatment zone (7) for treating the polymeric material, means (6) for blowing an inert gas into the conduit, radiating means (8) for emitting an alternating electromagnetic field in the radio-frequency band and comprising a plurality of applicators (9) located in correspondence of said treatment zone and external to the conduit in longitudinally offset positions; said applicators are connected to the terminals of an electromagnetic wave generator (10) and comprise pairs of opposed radiating elements (11, 11') which are adapted to generate an alternating electromagnetic field in the conduit; the pairs of radiating elements defining magnetic dipoles with opposite polarities along the conduit. Further claimed is a method of drying and solid state polycondensing a polymeric ...

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01-06-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING REACTION PRODUCT IN WHICH PHASES INTERFACE REACTION IS EMPLOYED, PHASES INTERFACE REACTOR, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SECONDARY REACTION PRODUCT

Номер: CA2953475C

Abstract There is provided a method for producing a reaction product including ammonia using a phases interface reaction. The method comprises a plasma supply step of supplying a plasmatic substance produced by supplying nitrogen gas into a plasma generator into a reaction chamber; a water/aqueous solution supply step of supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction chamber; and an ultraviolet irradiation step of irradiating the plasmatic substance in the reaction chamber with ultraviolet light. The plasmatic substance and the water or a solute contained in the aqueous solution are reacted at a phases interface in the reaction chamber. The water/aqueous solution supply step is nebulized for generating a mist of water/aqueous solution. The ultraviolet irradiates the plasmatic substance, with the humidity in the reaction chamber being less than 100%. The nebulization step is accomplished by heating the water or the aqueous solution in the reaction chamber. Date Recue/Date Received ...

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08-09-2015 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON PROCESSING BY USING RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Номер: CA0002831452C
Принадлежит: HARRIS CORPORATION, HARRIS CORP

An aspect of at least one embodiment of the present invention is a device for cracking heavy hydrocarbons. A linear applicator is positioned within heavy oil containing aromatic molecules. A radio frequency electrical current source is electrically connected to the applicator at a first connection point and a second connection point to create a closed electrical loop. The radio frequency source is configured to apply a signal to the applicator that is sufficient to create a magnetic field and an electric field relative to the axis of the linear applicator. The device also includes a chamber positioned around the applicator generally between the first connection point and the second connection point to concentrate the magnetic field within a region surrounding the applicator and containing the heavy hydrocarbons.

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18-08-2011 дата публикации

FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLIES HAVING ACOUSTICAL FORCE MODIFIERS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE

Номер: CA0002839894A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to fuel injectors that provide efficient injection, ignition and combustion of various types of fuels. One example of such an injector can include a sensor that detects one or more conditions in the combustion chamber. The injector can also include an acoustical force generator or modifier that is responsive to the sensor and can be configured to (a) induce vibrations in the fuel in the injector body and/or in the combustion chamber, (b) induce vibrations in air in the combustion chamber, (c) induce vibrations in a valve driver or other injector component to actuate a flow valve, and/or (d) control patterning of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.

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28-08-2018 дата публикации

Processing the biomass

Номер: CN0104684637B
Автор:
Принадлежит:

Подробнее
01-10-2015 дата публикации

연료 처리 장치

Номер: KR1020150109432A
Принадлежит:

... 연소 이전에 연료를 처리하는 장치는 처리되어야 할 연료용 채널(3), 상기 채널(3)을 통과하는 연료와 접촉하도록 상기 채널(3) 내에 위치해 있는 광 촉매(5), 상기 광 촉매(5)를 조사(照射)하는 전자기 방사선 소스 수단(7) 및 상기 연료에 노출되는 자기장을 제공하는 자기장 소스 수단(4)을 포함한다. 상기 장치는 기관으로 하여금 전력을 향상하게 할 뿐만 아니라 낮은 회전 속도에서도 큰 토크를 발생하게 할 수 있다.

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01-08-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF BIOMASS SUBSTRATES

Номер: BR112014031781A2
Принадлежит:

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05-08-2015 дата публикации

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR CURING NAIL GELS

Номер: AR0000094426A1
Автор: DANNY LEE HAILE
Принадлежит:

Se describen dispositivos y métodos para el curado de gel para uñas. También se describen pantallas protectoras para dispositivos para el curado de gel de uñas y métodos para su utilización. Los dispositivos y pantallas protectoras son útiles para curar geles para uñas y, más particularmente, cuando los dispositivos equipados con LED, diodo emisor de luz, se utilizan para curar resinas en gel para uñas curables por UV-VIS.

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16-08-2015 дата публикации

Apparatus of preparing super absorbent polymer and preparation method of super absorbent polymer using the same

Номер: TW0201531503A
Принадлежит:

Provided are an apparatus of preparing a super absorbent polymer and a preparation method of the super absorbent polymer using the apparatus. The apparatus includes a belt formed between two or more rotary shafts and capable of traveling in a predetermined direction by rotation of the rotary shafts, a feeding unit feeding a monomer composition to the belt, and a cover formed to surround at least a portion of the belt and allowing the belt to penetrate from one side to the other side of the cover. Here, the belt includes a horizontal bottom surface and side edges provided at opposite ends of the belt at an angle of 30 to 70 DEG with respect to the bottom surface, and the cover includes heat injection holes formed on opposite sides corresponding to the side edges and horizontally supplying heat.

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31-03-2015 дата публикации

Apparatus for delivering electromagnetic energy into a solution

Номер: US0008992848B2
Принадлежит: DARRAGH AUSTIN, DARRAGH DAVID

The present invention relates to a delivery apparatus for delivering electromagnetic energy into a solution. The delivery apparatus comprises a coil means arranged within an outer housing for delivering a magnetic field into the solution, a voltage assembly means coupled to the coil means for delivering an electric field into the solution, and connection means for delivering an electromagnetic signal to the coil from electromagnetic signal generation circuitry contained within the housing. The arrangement of the present invention confers significant physical stability on the delivery apparatus and ensures that heat generated by heat generating components of the apparatus is conducted away from the electromagnetic signal generation circuitry so that the apparatus can be operated continuously.

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21-04-2020 дата публикации

Fuel reformer for vehicle

Номер: US0010626829B2

Provided is a fuel reformer for a vehicle. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a fuel tank in which fuel of the internal combustion engine is stored, and a fuel supply device configured to supply the fuel in the fuel tank to the internal combustion engine. The fuel reformer includes an irradiator configured to emit light from an irradiation portion. The irradiation portion is disposed at a position where the fuel stored in the fuel tank is irradiated with the light without the light passing through a gas phase region in the fuel tank.

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21-06-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING CURED LIGHT-CURING RESIN COMPOSITION

Номер: US20180171036A1
Принадлежит:

A technology for curing a photocurable resin composition by ultraviolet ray/infrared ray hybrid irradiation is provided. An infrared ray irradiation is applied at least one of before or after the application of ultraviolet ray irradiation to a photocurable resin composition, from which volatile components have been removed by a heating process, to have the photocurable resin composition cured. 19-. (canceled)10. An apparatus for curing a photocurable resin composition , comprising:transporting means for transporting a photocurable resin composition including at least one photo polymerization initiator, along a predetermined path;driving means for driving the transporting means at an arbitrarily set transport velocity;heating means for removing volatile components from the photocurable resin composition;an infrared ray irradiation device positioned above the transport path downstream of the heating means for applying infrared ray having a wavelength between 1 and 6 microns to the photocurable resin composition in order to increase a decomposition efficiency of said at least one photo polymerization initiator; andan ultraviolet ray irradiation device positioned above the transport path and downstream of the infrared ray irradiation device for applying ultraviolet ray to the photocurable resin composition for a predetermined period of time.1116-. (canceled)17. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the predetermined period of time is an ultraviolet ray irradiation time shorter than an irradiation time which is necessary for the photocurable resin composition to reach a predetermined degree of curing by an infrared ray irradiation of said infrared ray irradiation device alone claim 10 , thereby producing a degree of curing equal to or above the predetermined degree of curing.18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the ultraviolet ray irradiation device applies the ultraviolet ray to the photocurable resin composition within 14 seconds after the application of the infrared ...

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29-09-2015 дата публикации

Compositions comprising fibrous polypeptides and polysaccharides

Номер: US0009145463B2

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed.

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16-08-2018 дата публикации

Recovery of a metal from primary and secondary sulphurated minerals and oxidised minerals, and other compositions of valuable minerals

Номер: AU2016407547A1
Принадлежит: WRAYS PTY LTD

The invention relates to a method for separating and recovering at least one metal from a source of primary and secondary sulphurated minerals and/or oxidised minerals, comprising determining and altering the dielectric constant values of the mineral source.

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27-02-2020 дата публикации

POLYMERIZATION APPARATUS

Номер: CA3108456A1
Принадлежит:

A polymerization apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a photoirradiator and a polymerization vessel. The photoirradiator comprises a first housing and a light source assembly. The first housing comprises a light source chamber defined by cylindrical side walls, a ceiling, and a floor comprising a light-transmissive window. The light source assembly comprises a substrate having a light-emitting surface on which a plurality of light-emitting diodes are disposed in a prescribed pattern and a heat-dissipating surface to which a heat sink is joined, and the light source assembly is disposed within the light source chamber so that the light-emitting surface faces the light-transmissive window. The polymerization vessel comprises a polymerization cup and a second housing. The polymerization cup has a frustoconical or substantially frustoconical shape that opens upward and increases in diameter upward, and is capable of containing a target material therein. The ...

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26-02-2019 дата публикации

REVERSE-PHASE POLYMERISATION PROCESS

Номер: CA0002919320C
Принадлежит: BASF SE

There is disclosed a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads. In another of its aspects, the invention relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtained by the process or employing the apparatus.

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02-07-2015 дата публикации

CHLORINE DIOXIDE GENERATION UNIT AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE GENERATOR

Номер: CA0002934167A1
Принадлежит:

... [Problem] To provide a unit for chlorine dioxide generation that is compact and can emit a practically sufficient quantity of chlorine dioxide over a long period of time. [Solution] Provided is a unit for chlorine dioxide generation that is characterized in that: said unit is provided with an agent accommodating portion and at least two light source units; the light source units serve to generate light consisting substantially of visible wavelengths; the agent accommodating portion accommodates an agent that includes a solid chlorite; the agent accommodating portion is provided with one or more openings so that air can move inside and outside the agent accommodating portion; and chlorine dioxide gas is generated when the agent inside the agent accommodating portion is irradiated by the light generated by the light source units.

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28-08-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUNCTIONALIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND FUNCTIONALIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE THEREBY PRODUCED

Номер: CA0002956661C
Принадлежит: ANOMERA INC., ANOMERA INC

A method for producing functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose, the method comprising the steps of providing cellulose, mixing said cellulose with a peroxide, thereby producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture, and/or exposing the reaction mixture to UV radiation is provided. Functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose produced by this method is also provided.

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17-04-2014 дата публикации

EQUIPMENT PROTECTING ENCLOSURES

Номер: CA0002885977A1
Принадлежит: MARKS & CLERK

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.

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13-09-2016 дата публикации

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR CURING NAIL GELS

Номер: CA0002783833C
Принадлежит: HAILE, DANNY LEE, HAILE DANNY LEE

Novel nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are disclosed. Novel shields for nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are also disclosed. The devices and shields are useful for curing nail gels and more particularly where light emitting diode "LED" equipped devices are used to cure UV-VIS curable nail gel resins.

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19-01-2018 дата публикации

Near-infrared light-emitting semiconductor single-layer carbon nanotube

Номер: CN0107614427A
Принадлежит:

Подробнее
14-01-2015 дата публикации

CONVECTION-FREE FLOW-TYPE REACTOR AND FLOW-TYPE SYNTHESIS METHOD

Номер: CN104275137A
Принадлежит:

The invention discloses a convection-free flow-type reactor and flow-type synthesis method. A convection-free flow-type reactor includes a reactor body. The reactor body includes a reaction chamber to house a fluid. An inlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow input of a reactant fluid. An outlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow output of a product fluid. An energy beam source device provides an energy beam to irradiate the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber. The disclosure further provides a convection-free flow-type synthesis method.

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05-03-2020 дата публикации

HALOGENATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Номер: KR0102085067B1
Автор:
Принадлежит:

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15-03-2012 дата публикации

Process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

Номер: US20120065437A1
Принадлежит: Honeywell International Inc

The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes.

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04-10-2012 дата публикации

Hydrocarbon cracking antenna

Номер: US20120247945A1
Принадлежит: HARRIS CORP

An aspect of at least one embodiment of the present invention is a device for cracking heavy hydrocarbons. A linear applicator is positioned within heavy oil containing aromatic molecules. A radio frequency electrical current source is electrically connected to the applicator at a first connection point and a second connection point to create a closed electrical loop. The radio frequency source is configured to apply a signal to the applicator that is sufficient to create a magnetic field and an electric field relative to the axis of the linear applicator. The device also includes a chamber positioned around the applicator generally between the first connection point and the second connection point to concentrate the magnetic field within a region surrounding the applicator and containing the heavy hydrocarbons.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Antenna placement in degenerate modal cavities of an electromagnetic energy transfer system

Номер: US20130048880A1
Принадлежит: Goji Ltd

Antenna placement in degenerate modal cavities of an electromagnetic energy transfer system, an apparatus and method for applying electromagnetic energy to an object are disclosed in a degenerate energy application zone via a source of electromagnetic energy. The apparatus may include at least one processor configured to regulate the source to apply electromagnetic energy at a predetermined frequency that excites a plurality of resonant modes in the degenerate energy application zone. The plurality of resonant modes are of the same transverse type.

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29-08-2013 дата публикации

Nanofluid coolant

Номер: US20130221267A1
Принадлежит: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS

Technologies are generally described for forming a nanofluid coolant and structures including a nanofluid coolant. In an example, a method of forming a nanofluid coolant may comprise combining a compound with an acid and with purified water to form a solution. The compound may include manganese. The method may further include heating the solution and, after heating the solution, cooling the solution effective to form at least one precipitate that includes manganese and oxygen. The method may further include filtering the at least one precipitate to form a powder that includes manganese oxide nanotubes. The method may further include functionalizing the nanotubes by irradiating them with UV radiation. The method may further include combining the functionalized manganese oxide nanotubes with a polar solvent to form the nanofluid coolant.

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

Loss profile analysis

Номер: US20130240757A1
Принадлежит: Individual

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying radio frequency (RF) energy to an object in an energy application zone. At least one processor may be configured to cause RF energy to be applied at a plurality of electromagnetic field patterns to the object in the energy application zone. The processor may be further configured to determine an amount of power dissipated in the energy application zone, for each of the plurality of field patterns. The processor may also be configured to determine a spatial distribution of energy absorption characteristics across at least a portion of the energy application zone based on the amounts of power dissipated when the plurality of field patterns are applied to the energy application zone.

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08-01-2015 дата публикации

CONVECTION-FREE FLOW-TYPE REACTOR AND FLOW-TYPE SYNTHESIS METHOD

Номер: US20150008117A1
Принадлежит:

A convection-free flow-type reactor includes a reactor body. The reactor body includes a reaction chamber to house a fluid. An inlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow input of a reactant fluid. An outlet is in communication with the reaction chamber to allow output of a product fluid. An energy beam source device provides an energy beam to irradiate the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber. The disclosure further provides a convection-free flow-type synthesis method. 1. A convection-free flow-type reactor , comprising: a reaction chamber to house a fluid;', 'an inlet in communication with the reaction chamber to allow input of a reactant fluid; and', 'an outlet in communication with the reaction chamber to allow output of a product fluid; and, 'a reactor body, comprisingan energy beam source device providing an energy beam to irradiate the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor body is a tube.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the reactor body comprises an energy beam transmissible material claim 2 , and the energy beam irradiates the reactant fluid in the reaction chamber through the energy beam transmissible material.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the energy beam transmissible material comprises H claim 3 , Be claim 3 , C claim 3 , N claim 3 , O claim 3 , Al or combinations thereof.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor body comprises an energy beam resistant material and has a reactant loading space defining the reaction chamber.6. The reactor as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reactor body comprises:a first component having the reactant loading space; anda second component having a window corresponding to the reactant loading space, wherein an energy beam transmissible material is disposed between the first and second components.7. The reactor as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the energy beam transmissible material comprises H claim 6 ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO IDENTIFY SHORT CIRCUITING CURRENT AND OPEN CIRCUITS IN A SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT MATRIX

Номер: US20190008007A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for operating a lighting array is disclosed. In one example, the system and method detect the presence or absence of short circuiting current flow through a light emitting device and provide an indication of the same. The system and method may also increase or decrease current flow through the lighting array to compensate for reduced lighting output or to reduce the possibility of lighting array degradation. 1. A system for operating light emitting devices , comprising:an array of solid state lighting devices;a circuit controlling electric current flow through the array of solid state lighting devices; anda controller including executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory to provide an indication of a presence of short circuiting current in a solid state device included in the array of solid state lighting devices responsive to a voltage of the circuit controlling electric current flow through the array of solid state lighting devices.2. The system of claim 1 , where the indication is writing a variable to EEPROM memory.3. The system of claim 1 , where the voltage is a voltage applied to a first row of solid state lighting devices in the array of solid state lighting devices.4. The system of claim 1 , where the voltage is a voltage applied to a variable resistor in the circuit controlling electric current flow through the array of solid state lighting devices.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a driver that supplies a voltage to the array of solid state lighting devices.6. The system of claim 5 , where the voltage is responsive to a voltage applied to a variable resistor.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising additional instructions to increase current flow through the array of solid state lighting devices in response to the voltage in the circuit controlling electric current flow through the array of solid state lighting devices.8. The system of claim 7 , where the circuit controlling electric current flow through ...

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14-01-2016 дата публикации

Halogenation Of Hydrocarbons

Номер: US20160008786A1
Принадлежит: RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

The present disclosure relates to a process for the halogenation of hydrocarbon. In accordance with the process of the present disclosure a hydrocarbon and a halogen is introduced in a reaction vessel. Light having wavelength in the range of 390 to 780 nm is then passed into the reaction vessel for a time period of 2 to 12 hrs. to obtain a halogenated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon is agitated before or after the introduction of the halogen in to the reaction vessel. 1. A process for halogenation of a hydrocarbon; said process comprising the following steps:i. introducing the hydrocarbon in a reaction vessel in the form of a slurry or a solution ;ii. introducing a halogen in the reaction vessel; andiii. passing light of wavelength in the range of 390 to780 nm emitted by a plurality of solid state light emitting devices, into the reaction vessel for a predetermined time period to obtain a halogenated hydrocarbon,wherein, the hydrocarbon is agitated before or after the method step of introducing the halogen in to the reaction vessel; andwherein, said process is carried out in an inert atmosphere.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is agitated with the help of a rotating stirrer at speeds ranging from 200 to 850 rpm for a time period of 5 to 60 minutes.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light is passed into the reaction vessel for a time period of 2 to 12 hrs.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid state devices are placed outside the reaction vessel at a distance of 0.2 to 12 cm from the exterior wall of the reaction vessel claim 1 , preferably at a distance of 0.5 to 4 cm.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of passing light from a bank of solid state light emitting devices includes guiding the beam of light to a reaction zone of the reaction vessel in which the process is taking place.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprises the step of heating the hydrocarbon at a ...

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DECOLORING IONIC LIQUID

Номер: US20190009243A1

A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid. 1. A method of decoloring an ionic liquid , comprising:preparing a discolored ionic liquid from an ionic liquid; anddecoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ionic liquid includes at least one anion selected from the group consisting of Cl claim 2 , Br claim 2 , NO claim 2 , BF claim 2 , PF claim 2 , AlCl claim 2 , AlCl claim 2 , AcO claim 2 , CHCOO claim 2 , CFCOO claim 2 , CHSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , (CFSO)N claim 2 , (CFSO)C claim 2 , (CFCFSO)N claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CF7COO claim 2 , (CFSO)(CFCO)N claim 2 , CFN claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , CFSO claim 2 , PF claim 2 , CHNOS claim 2 , CFNOS claim 2 , (CFSO)N claim 2 , and CHCH(OH)CO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decoloring of the discolored ionic liquid is performed by irradiating the discolored ionic liquid with the UV rays in a UV range corresponding to an absorption wavelength of a cation contained in the ionic liquid before discoloration.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the decoloring of the discolored ionic liquid is performed by irradiating the discolored ionic liquid with the UV rays in a UV range corresponding to an absorption wavelength of the cation contained in the ionic liquid ...

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PLANT EXTRACTION

Номер: US20180010066A1
Автор: STANTCHEV GEORGE
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and a method for plant extraction are disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention comprises an extraction module, a separating module and a reservoir. The method essentially includes plant material preparing, decarboxylating, active components extracting and separating. By using liquid tetrafluoroethane as the solvent in the apparatus of the present invention, the active components of the plant material are efficiently extracted under low pressure extraction and high pressure extraction conditions. 1. An apparatus for plant extraction comprising:a reservoir storing a liquid tetrafluoroethane;an extraction module including an extractor and a filter, wherein the extractor is configured to contain a plant material and is connected to the reservoir with a first inlet pipe and the filter is disposed at a bottom of the extractor for filtering the plant material, wherein the plant material is soaked in the liquid tetrafluoroethane from the reservoir to extract active components of the plant material and form a solution with the active components;a separating module including a separator, a second heater and a first container, wherein the separator is connected to the bottom of the extractor with a second inlet pipe and connected to the reservoir with a second outlet pipe, the second heater is disposed around the separator to vaporize the liquid tetrafluoroethane of the solution to a gaseous tetrafluoroethane and the first container is connected at a bottom of the separator to receive the active components left in the separator; anda second outlet pump disposed on the second outlet pipe, wherein the gaseous tetrafluoroethane in the separator is conducted by the second outlet pipe to the second outlet pump, compressed into the liquid tetrafluoroethane and then conducted to the reservoir.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the extraction module further comprises a first heater disposed around the extractor.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 ...

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11-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR RECOVERING AND/OR RECYCLING A BITUMINOUS PRODUCT

Номер: US20180010305A1
Принадлежит:

The invention concerns a method () for recovering and/or recycling a bituminous product by means of pulsed power, the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated, involving the following steps: —supplying () a reactor () inside which at least two electrodes () extend with the bituminous product and a liquid medium of which at least one liquid component has Hansen solubility parameters δη, δρ and δd such that the bitumen is at least partially soluble in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble, —generating () a series of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes () in the reactor () so as to produce, as a result of the power, the frequency and the switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shock wave and at least ultraviolet radiation, in such a way as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the reconstitution of the bitumen. 1100. A method () for recycling a bituminous product by pulsed power , the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated , wherein the method comprises:{'b': 101', '11', '13, 'supplying () a reactor () inside which extend at least two electrodes () with the bituminous product and a liquid medium whereof at least one liquid component exhibits Hansen solubility parameters δh, δp and δd such that the bitumen exhibits at least partial solubility in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble,'}{'b': 102', '13', '11, 'generating () a succession of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes () in the reactor () so as to produce, based on the power, frequency and switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shockwave and ultraviolet radiation so as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the bitumen from reconstituting.'}2100. ...

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09-01-2020 дата публикации

Method of Manufacturing Graphene Using Photoreduction

Номер: US20200010324A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is directed to a low temperature method of preparing graphene. The method comprises applying a graphene oxide to a substrate and treating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene. The present disclosure is also directed to graphene produced according to the aforementioned method. 1. A method for preparing graphene , the method comprising:applying a graphene oxide to a substrate, andtreating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is a UV light source.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is an Xe bulb.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is performed at a temperature of 175° C. or less5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at a temperature of 40° C. or less.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at ambient pressure.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted in the presence of air.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a metal substrate.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises copper.10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises nickel.11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises stainless steel.12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises iron claim 8 , gold claim 8 , aluminum claim 8 , silver claim 8 , platinum claim 8 , an alloy thereof claim 8 , etc.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is applied as a dispersion including water.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is a reduced graphene oxide.15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene ...

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15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EXCITATION OF RESONANCES IN MOLECULES

Номер: US20150017076A1
Принадлежит:

A method is described to excite molecules at their natural resonance frequencies with sufficient energy to break or form chemical bonds using electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency range. Liquid, solid, or gaseous materials are prepared and injected into a resonant structure where they are bombarded with electromagnetic energy in the RF or microwave range at resonant frequencies of the molecules of the materials. Alternatively, electromagnetic energy tuned to dielectric particles prepared from the materials may also be supplied to further enhance the reaction. 133-. (canceled)34. An apparatus for exciting a process medium with electromagnetic radiation comprising:a reaction structure containing a process or reaction volume; anda plurality of electromagnetic generators coupled to the reaction structure.35. The apparatus of claim 34 , further comprising at least one static electromagnetic generator coupled to the reaction structure.36. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the electromagnetic generators are tuned to frequencies in the range of radio frequencies and microwave frequencies.37. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the electromagnetic generators are coupled to the structure by either a waveguide or a coaxial cable.38. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the material to be processed is selected from the group consisting of: a liquid; a solid; a gas; and a combination of a liquid claim 34 , a solid and a gas.39. The apparatus of claim 38 , wherein the material to be processed is a liquid claim 38 , wherein the apparatus further comprises an atomizer for atomizing the liquid for injection into the resonant structure.40. The apparatus of claim 38 , wherein the material to be processed is a solid claim 38 , and wherein the apparatus further comprises a pulverizer for pulverizing the solid into small particles for injection into the resonant structure. This invention relates generally to processing or reaction of materials. ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

FLOW REACTOR FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

Номер: US20200016568A1
Принадлежит:

A flow reactor has a fluidic module with a first major outer surface. The module contains a fluid passage and has a transmittance through the first major outer surface to the fluid passage of at least 20% over a range of wavelengths. The reactor has an illumination module comprising one or more radiation sources, which can emit within the range, positioned within an enclosure. The enclosure has a back wall and a side wall and an opening opposite the back wall. An edge of the side wall surrounds the opening. The illumination module is positioned such that the opening of the illumination module faces the first major outer surface of the fluidic module. The side wall comprises a telescoping portion such that a distance from the back wall of the enclosure to the edge of the side wall is adjustable. 110. A flow reactor () , the reactor comprising:{'b': 20', '20', '22', '24', '22', '24', '26', '20', '28', '22', '28, 'i': a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a, 'at least a first fluidic module (), the first fluidic module () having a planar form with first and second major outer surfaces (, ) of essentially planar form, on opposite sides of the module, the first and second major outer surfaces (, ) surrounded and connected by an edge surface () of the module and separated by a thickness (t) of the module, the first fluidic module () having therein one or more fluid passages () for flowing a process fluid, the first fluidic module having a transmittance through the first major outer surface () to at least one of the one or more fluid passages () of at least 20% over a range of wavelengths;'}{'b': 40', '40', '42', '44', '44', '46', '48', '46', '44', '46', '44', '50', '46', '52', '48', '46', '50', '52', '40', '50', '40', '22', '20, 'i': a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a, 'at least a first illumination module (), the first illumination module () comprising one or more radiation sources ...

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

PURIFICATION AND DECOLORIZATION OF POLYMERS

Номер: US20190016860A1
Принадлежит:

Methods according to the present invention decolorize a polymer by mixing a solution of the polymer with a photocatalyst and exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light; by way of non-limiting example, the polymer may be a star polymer and the photocatalyst may be titanium dioxide. Methods according to the present invention also utilize a metal scavenger, in some embodiments a solid-phase metal scavenger, to remove a metal catalyst from a polymer solution; by way of non-limiting example, the metal catalyst may be a tin catalyst. The decolorization methods and the catalyst removal methods of the present invention may be practiced separately, sequentially in any order, or simultaneously. 1. A method for decolorization of a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a photocatalyst to the polymer composition, and(b) exposing the polymer composition to ultraviolet (UV) light to remove color from the polymer composition.2. A method for preparing a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a metal scavenger to the polymer composition to form a complex with a metal contaminant in the polymer composition;(b) separating the metal scavenger and metal contaminant complex from the polymer;(c) adding a photocatalyst to the polymer composition;(d) exposing the polymer composition to ultraviolet (UV) light to remove color from the polymer composition; and(e) separating the photocatalyst from the polymer composition.3. A method for preparing a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent , comprising:(a) adding a metal scavenger to the polymer composition to form a complex with a metal contaminant in the polymer composition; and(b) separating the metal scavenger and metal contaminant complex from the polymer,wherein the metal scavenger is a metal scavenger chelating agent.4. A method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition , comprising:(a) treating a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Photocatalytic systems comprising graphene and associated methods

Номер: US20170021344A1
Автор: Lene Vestergaard Hau
Принадлежит: Harvard College

The present invention generally relates to photocatalytic systems comprising graphene and associated methods. Some embodiments are directed to systems comprising one or more layers of graphene having a first surface and a second, opposed surface. A light-absorbing complex may be associated with the first surface of the one or more graphene layers, and an electron donor complex may be associated with the light-absorbing complex. A catalytic complex may be associated with the first surface or the second surface of the one or more graphene layers. For example, the catalytic complex may catalyze the formation of hydrogen gas, NADH, and/or NADPH.

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Nanofluid coolant

Номер: US20170022405A1
Принадлежит: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS

Technologies are generally described for forming a nanofluid coolant and structures including a nanofluid coolant. In an example, a method of forming a nanofluid coolant may comprise combining a compound with an acid and with purified water to form a solution. The compound may include manganese. The method may further include heating the solution and, after heating the solution, cooling the solution effective to form at least one precipitate that includes manganese and oxygen. The method may further include filtering the at least one precipitate to form a powder that includes manganese oxide nanotubes. The method may further include functionalizing the nanotubes by irradiating them with UV radiation. The method may further include combining the functionalized manganese oxide nanotubes with a polar solvent to form the nanofluid coolant.

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28-01-2021 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

Номер: US20210023525A1
Принадлежит: Analytical Sales & Services, Inc.

Apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction through the application of light, including a light source providing illumination at a selected wavelength, a lens material adapted to be in physical contact with the light source, when in use, and a receptacle for holding a reaction vial in which the chemical reaction takes place, the receptacle adapted to position a portion of the reaction vial in physical contact with the lens material when in use, wherein the lens material has a refractive index that facilitates the transmission of the illumination from the light source to the reaction vial. Alternatively, the receptacle and vial may be replaced by a reaction plate in which reaction wells are formed. 1. Apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction through the application of light , comprising:a. a light source providing illumination at a selected wavelength;b. a lens material adapted to be in physical contact with said light source, when in use; andc. a receptacle for holding a reaction vial in which said chemical reaction takes place, said receptacle adapted to position a portion of said reaction vial in physical contact with said lens material when in use;d. wherein said lens material has a refractive index that facilitates the transmission of said illumination from said light source to said reaction vial.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said light source is a surface mounted LED having a base and a generally spherical dome from which the illumination emanates.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said lens material is configured on a first side with a generally spherical indentation claim 2 , said generally spherical dome of said LED contacts said lens material in said indentation when in use claim 2 , and said lens material is adapted to contact said reaction vial on a second side of said lens material generally opposite said first side.4. The apparatus of wherein said generally spherical indentation is large enough to cover enough of said base so that ...

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02-02-2017 дата публикации

Unit for chlorine dioxide generation and chlorine dioxide generation device

Номер: US20170028371A1
Принадлежит: Taiko Pharmaceutical Co Ltd

The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit that can release practically sufficient amount of chlorine dioxide for an extended period of time while being compact. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide generation unit, characterized in that said unit comprises an agent storage space portion and at least two light source portions, said light source portion is for generating light consisting of wavelengths substantially in the visible region, said agent storage space portion stores an agent comprising solid chlorite, and said agent storage space portion comprises one or more openings so that air could move in and out of said agent storage space portion, wherein chlorine dioxide gas is generated by irradiating said light generated from said light source portion onto said agent present inside said agent storage space portion.

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR, PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

Номер: US20180036721A1
Принадлежит:

A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor according to the present disclosure includes: forming an oxide on a base material, the oxide containing at least one kind of transition metal; and preparing a photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide by subjecting the oxide to a treatment with a plasma of a nitrogen-containing gas which is generated at a frequency in a VHF range under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. 1. A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor , the method comprising treating an oxide containing at least one transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide ,whereinthe plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode, andthe gas is any one of:(i) a nitrogen gas;(ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas;(iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a visible light-responsive photocatalyst.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas is any one of:(ii) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas and a rare gas, andthe oxygen gas has a partial pressure of not more than 0.1%.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe transition metal is at least one selected from vanadium, niobium, and tantalum.5. The method according to claim 4 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a niobium-containing nitride or a niobium-containing oxynitride.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe plasma has a rotation temperature of 480 K to 1100 K.7. The ...

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL HYDROCARBON

Номер: US20180037823A1
Принадлежит: Bio Hitech Energy Co.

There is provided a fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus, including a water treatment tank configured to create activated water; a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics; a plurality of UV lamp; a water tank configured to receive activated water from the water treatment tank; an oil tank configured to contain original oil; a inline mixer configured to break down water and oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture; a emulsion tank; a reactor tank configured to produce new oil; a water-oil separator configured to divide new oil from remaining water; and a return conduit configured to supply new oil back to the oil tank. 1. A fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus , comprising:a water treatment tank configured to generate an activated water;a plurality of quartz tubes configured to contain titanium oxide coated ceramics therein;a plurality of UV lamp configured to provide UV light to titanium oxide coated ceramics inside the plurality of quartz tubes;a water feeding pump configured to circulate water inside the water treatment tank to the plurality of quartz tubes;a water tank configured to receive the activated water from the water treatment tank;an oil tank configured to contain original oil;a inline mixer configured to break down the activated water and original oil into very small clusters and mix together to form an emulsified mixture;a emulsion tank configured to contain the emulsified mixture;a reactor tank configured to receive the emulsified mixture and produce a new oil;a water-oil separator configured to divide the new oil from a remaining water; anda return conduit configured to supply the new oil back to the oil tank.2. The fuel hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein the water treatment tank includes:a nano-bubble generator submerged in the water inside the water treatment tank to provide nano-bubble to the water;a first carbon dioxide generator configured to ...

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12-02-2015 дата публикации

THERMOCHEMICAL REACTOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20150044123A1
Принадлежит:

Thermochemical reactor systems that may be used to produce a fuel, and methods of using the thermochemical reactor systems, utilizing a reactive cylindrical element, an optional energy transfer cylindrical element, an inlet gas management system, and an outlet gas management system. 1. A thermochemical reactor system comprising:a carrier having a longitudinal axis and configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis,wherein the carrier defines an opening through at least a portion thereof along the longitudinal axis;a reactive element, wherein the carrier comprises the reactive element;an energy transfer element disposed within at least a portion of the opening of the reactive element in a coaxial configuration, wherein the energy transfer element rotates within the opening of the reactive cylindrical element in a direction opposite to the rotation of the carrier;an inlet gas management system to provide at least an oxidizing compound to the reactive cylindrical element; andan outlet gas management system to receive at least a fuel compound from the reactive cylindrical element.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the carrier and the energy transfer element are cylindrical.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactive element comprises a metal oxide.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system is configured such that simultaneously (i) at least a first region of the carrier is exposed to radiant energy under conditions sufficient to reduce at least a first portion of the reactive element claim 3 , and (ii) at least a second portion of the reactive element in at least a second region of the carrier claim 3 , spatially separated from the first region of the carrier claim 3 , is contacted with an oxidizing compound under conditions sufficient to chemically oxidize the second portion of the reactive element.5. A thermochemical reactor system for production of a fuel comprising:a carrier having a longitudinal axis and configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis, ...

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15-02-2018 дата публикации

Plant and method for drying and solid state polycondensing of polymeric material

Номер: US20180043579A1
Автор: Antonio Polato
Принадлежит: OFFICINE DI CARTIGLIANO SPA

A plant for drying and solid state polycondensing a granular moisture-containing polymeric material includes a conduit feeding material to be treated longitudinally, a treatment zone located along the conduit, a blower of an inert gas into the conduit, and a radiating device emitting an alternating electromagnetic field in the radio-frequency band to dry and upgrade the material. The radiating device includes applicators, located at the treatment zone and external to the conduit in longitudinally offset positions, which are connected to the terminals of an electromagnetic wave generator and include pairs of opposed radiating elements that generate an alternating electromagnetic field in the conduit, with field lines at least partially parallel to the direction of feed of the material, and that define magnetic dipoles with opposite polarities along the conduit. A method of drying and solid state polycondensing a polymeric material in granular form obtained by polycondensation using the plant.

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08-05-2014 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

Номер: US20140125052A1
Автор: Roy Edward McAlister
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies LLC

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

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25-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE INFRARED-LIGHT-INDUCED YIELD OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY MEANS OF VIBRATION EXCITATION

Номер: US20160051963A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for the infrared-light-induced yield optimization of chemical reactions, wherein an energy input into at least one starting material that is subjected to a chemical reaction takes place by means of infrared light pulses having a mean wavelength in the range of 2000 to 100000 nm. The chemical reaction here is a reaction in which a product, the molecular formula of which does not correspond to the molecular formula of the starting material, is formed and wherein the yield optimization for the most part is not based on a thermal heating of the starting material. The invention is characterized in that the infrared light pulses have a fixed wavelength and in that the energy input into the starting material takes place by means of vibration excitation by a one-photon process. 1131. Method for the infrared-light-induced yield optimization of chemical reactions , wherein an energy input into at least one starting material () that is subjected to a chemical reaction takes place by means of infrared light pulses having a mean wavelength ranging from 2000 to 100000 nm , wherein the chemical reaction is a reaction in which a product () , the molecular formula of which does not correspond to the molecular formula of the starting material () , is formed and wherein the yield optimization for the most part is not based on a thermal heating of the starting material ,characterized{'b': '1', 'in that the infrared light pulses have a fixed wavelength and the energy input into the starting material () takes place by means of vibration excitation by a one-photon process.'}213. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that by the vibration excitation of the starting material () the yield of a desired product () is increased and/or the yield of an undesired product is decreased.33. Method according to or claim 1 , characterized in that in a given time interval at least 10% more of a desired product () are obtained due to the yield optimization than ...

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15-02-2018 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FORMING AND USING SILVER METAL

Номер: US20180049321A1
Принадлежит:

A method is used to provide electrically-conductive silver metal from a photosensitive thin film or photosensitive thin film pattern on a substrate using a non-hydroxylic-solvent soluble silver complex represented by the following formula (I): 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein after photochemically converting the reducible silver ions to electrically-conductive silver metal in the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern claim 1 , the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern has a resistivity of less than 1000 ohms/□.3. The method of claim 1 , whereinafter photochemically converting the reducible silver ions to electrically-conductive silver metal, contacting the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern with water or an aqueous or non-aqueous salt solution, andoptionally, drying the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern.4. The method of claim 1 , whereinafter photochemically converting the reducible silver ions to electrically-conductive silver metal, contacting the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern with water or an aqueous or non-aqueous non-salt solution, andoptionally, drying the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern.5. The method of claim 1 , whereinafter photochemically converting the reducible silver ions to electrically-conductive silver metal, contacting the electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film or electrically-conductive silver metal-containing thin film pattern with water or an aqueous or non-aqueous salt solution, ...

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26-02-2015 дата публикации

FLOW-THROUGH CAVITATION-ASSISTED RAPID MODIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL

Номер: US20150053545A1
Принадлежит:

A device and method are provided for manipulating petroleum, non-conventional oil and other viscous complex fluids made of hydrocarbons that comprise enforcement of fluid in a multi-stage flow-through hydrodynamic cavitational reactor, subjecting said fluids to a controlled cavitation and continuing the application of such cavitation for a period of time sufficient for obtaining desired changes in physical properties and/or chemical composition and generating the upgraded products. The method includes alteration of chemical bonds, induction of interactions of components, changes in composition, heterogeneity and rheological characteristics in order to facilitate handling, improve yields of distillate fuels and optimize other properties. 1. A process for modification of crude oil , comprising the steps of:combining crude oil with water and a catalyst to create a fluidic crude oil;pumping the fluidic crude oil through a flowpath in a multi-stage, flow-through, hydrodynamic cavitation device;generating localized zones of reduced fluid pressure in the fluidic crude oil as it is pumped through the flowpath;creating cavitational features in the localized zones of reduced fluid pressure;collapsing the cavitational features to expose components of the fluidic crude oil to sudden, localized increases in temperature and pressure; andinducing chemical reactions between components in the fluidic crude oil to promote molecular rearrangement of the components and modify rheological parameters of the fluidic crude oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluidic crude oil is pumped at a controlled inlet pressure approximating ambient pressure.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowpath has a series of chambers with varying diameters and static elements to create sudden reductions in fluid pressure.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cavitational features comprise cavitation bubbles containing vapors of volatile components in the fluidic crude oil.5. The process of ...

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23-02-2017 дата публикации

Radical generator and method for generating ammonia radicals

Номер: US20170050164A1
Автор: Karl Leeser
Принадлежит: Lam Research Corp

A generator for processing gases to be delivered to a process chamber used to process a substrate includes a housing that encloses an internal volume. An ultraviolet (UV) bulb is disposed within the internal volume of the housing. The UV bulb has a bulb diameter that fits within the internal major dimension of the housing. A first region, which surrounds the UV bulb, channels a first gas around the UV bulb to cool the UV bulb. A second region, which surrounds the first region, channels a second gas between an input to and an output from the housing. The second region is oriented relative to the UV bulb such that UV energy therefrom interacts with the second gas as this gas flows through the second region. The interaction of the UV energy with the second gas results in the generation of a gas mix that is supplied from the output of the housing into the process chamber, where at least one component of the gas mix is to be used in processing of the semiconductor substrate.

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23-02-2017 дата публикации

Ammonia Radical Generator

Номер: US20170050165A1
Автор: Leeser Karl, Sabri Mohamed
Принадлежит:

An apparatus includes a base having first and second inlets. Inner and outer cylinders are disposed on the base, with the outer cylinder being concentric with the inner cylinder. An inner surface of the inner cylinder defines an internal volume. An outer surface of the inner cylinder and an inner surface of the outer cylinder define a chamber space. An ultraviolet lamp is disposed within the internal volume. A top cover is positioned over the inner and outer cylinders and in a sealing relationship with the cylinders. The top cover has a first passageway in flow communication with the chamber space, and a second passageway in flow communication with the internal volume. The first inlet is in flow communication with the chamber space and the second inlet is in flow communication with the internal volume. A system including a process chamber and an ammonia radical generator also is described. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a base having a first inlet and a second inlet;an inner cylinder disposed on the base, the inner cylinder being comprised of a first quartz material, and an inner surface of the inner cylinder defining an internal volume;an outer cylinder disposed on the base, the outer cylinder being comprised of a second quartz material, the outer cylinder being concentric with the inner cylinder, and an outer surface of the inner cylinder and an inner surface of the outer cylinder defining a chamber space;an ultraviolet (UV) lamp disposed within the internal volume; anda top cover positioned over the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and in a sealing relationship with each of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the top cover having a first passageway in flow communication with the chamber space, and the top cover having a second passageway in flow communication with the internal volume, wherein the first passageway is not in flow communication with the second passageway, andwherein the first inlet of the base is in flow communication with the chamber ...

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23-02-2017 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR HALOGENATION OF POLYMER

Номер: US20170051081A1
Принадлежит: RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED

An apparatus for halogenation of a polymer is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor, at least one light source, a stirrer and a heater. The reactor contains a slurry of the polymer. The light source is disposed outside of the reactor at a distance ranging from 0.5 centimeter to 2 centimeters for facilitating irradiance of the slurry. The light source radiates a light of wavelength in the range of 250 nm to 355 nm. The stirrer is adapted to agitate the slurry. The heater is adapted to heat the slurry of the polymer. The blades on the stirrer and light source are arranged in such a way that slurry is maintained in uniform motion and reacted homogeneously to achieve desired conversion efficiently. 1. An apparatus for halogenation of a polymer , said apparatus comprising:a reactor for receiving polymer slurry for halogenation of said polymer;at least one light source disposed outside of said reactor at a distance ranging from 0.5 centimetre to 2 centimetres for facilitating irradiation into said slurry; anda stirrer adapted to agitate said slurry.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the walls of said reactor are made of quartz.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one light source is disposed at a distance of 1 centimetre from said reactor.4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one light source is a ultra-violet light source.5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein at least one light source radiates alight of wavelength in the range of 250 nm to 355 nm.6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said stirrer has a plurality of blades.7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 , wherein each of said blades has a blade angle of 30-60 degrees claim 6 , preferably 45 degrees.8. The apparatus as claimed in further comprising a heater adapted to heat the slurry of polymer with at least one temperature sensing element for sensing the temperature of said slurry.9. A process for halogenating a polymer using ...

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10-03-2022 дата публикации

Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Microbial Control Methods and Devices

Номер: US20220072176A1
Автор: LEE James D.
Принадлежит: Synexis LLC

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for microbial control of an environment , the method comprising:(a) exposing a metal or metal oxide comprising titanium oxide to ultraviolet light above 187 nanometers (nm) and less than 405 nm in the presence of a flow of ambient air to form a non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas;(b) directing said non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas into said environment to prepare an environment comprising non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas and an ozone concentration of less than 0.1 parts-per-million (ppm);wherein said microbial control is reduction of a virus, bacterium, or fungus, in said environment.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said metal or metal oxide comprises the anatase form of titanium oxide.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said ultraviolet light is less than 380 nm.19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said microbial control comprises microbial reduction of viruses claim 16 , bacteria claim 16 , or fungi claim 16 , on surfaces in said environment.20. The method of claim 16 , wherein said microbial control is for a period of at least 2 hours.21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said ultraviolet light is provided by one or more Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs).22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas is present in said environment at a concentration between 0.005 ppm to 0.1 ppm.23. The method according to claim 16 , ...

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10-03-2022 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE PHOTO-REACTOR

Номер: US20220072501A1
Принадлежит:

According to the inventive concept, a carbon dioxide photo-reactor includes a body having a closed interior space, provided with a photocatalytic material in the interior space, and that generates a reaction gas and a liquefied fluid from carbon dioxide through a photoconversion reaction, a gas injector that provides a passage, through which the carbon dioxide flows, a vapor injector that provides a passage, through which vapor flows, a gas discharger, through which the generated reaction gas is discharged, a liquid discharger, through which the generated liquefied fluid is discharged, and at least one elongate structure disposed to cross the interior space in a predetermined direction. 1. A carbon dioxide photo-reactor comprising:a body having a closed interior space, provided with a photocatalytic material in the interior space, and configured to generate a reaction gas and a liquefied fluid from carbon dioxide through a photoconversion reaction;a gas injector configured to provide a passage, through which the carbon dioxide flows;a vapor injector configured to provide a passage, through which vapor flows;a gas discharger, through which the generated reaction gas is discharged;a liquid discharger, through which the generated liquefied fluid is discharged; andat least one elongate structure disposed to cross the interior space in a predetermined direction.2. The carbon dioxide photo-reactor of claim 1 , wherein the body forms a hexahedral shape by coupling a plurality of transparent flat plates such that the plurality of transparent flat plates are separable from each other claim 1 , andwherein, among the plurality of transparent flat plates, a transparent flat plate, to which light is input from a light source, is formed of quartz.3. The carbon dioxide photo-reactor of claim 1 , wherein the body further includes:a ventilation plate disposed at a location that is spaced apart from a bottom surface by a predetermined distance, and through which the liquefied fluid ...

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04-03-2021 дата публикации

Process for Preparing Fluorobenzene Derivatives and Benzoic Acid Hypofluorite Derivatives

Номер: US20210061737A1
Принадлежит: Fujian Yongjing Technology Co., Ltd

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, and the elemental fluorine (F) is preferably present in a high concentration, for example, in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume, and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene derivative starting from benzoic acid derivative by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas, wherein the elemental fluorine (F) is preferably present in a high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of a benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative by direct fluorination of benzoic acid derivative. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinated benzene derivative, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications. 1. A process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene derivative , preferably monofluorobenzene derivative , wherein the process comprises the steps of:a) provision of a liquid medium comprising benzoic acid derivative as starting compound;{'sub': '2', 'b) provision of a fluorination gas comprising or consisting of elemental fluorine (F), preferably wherein the fluorine is present in the fluorination gas in a high concentration of at least substantially more than, in particular very much more than 15% by volume (vol.-%), preferably equal to or more than 20% by volume (vol.-%);'}{'sub': '2', 'c) provision of a first reactor or reactor system, resistant to elemental fluorine (F) and hydrogen fluoride (HF);'}{'sub': '2', 'd) in a step of direct fluorination, passing the fluorination gas of b), in a reactor or reactor system of c), through the liquid medium of a) comprising the benzoic acid derivative as starting compound, and thereby reacting the benzoic acid derivative ...

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28-02-2019 дата публикации

Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Microbial Control Methods and Devices

Номер: US20190060500A1
Автор: LEE James D.
Принадлежит: Synexis LLC

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air. 115-. (canceled)16. A method microbial control comprising:a) generating Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG);b) directing said PHPG into an environment to achieve a final concentration of at least 0.005 parts-per-million (ppm); andc) maintaining said PHPG at a concentration of at least 0.005 ppm to control said microbes.17. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said PHPG is between 0.02 ppm and 0.05 ppm18. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said PHPG is up to 0.10 ppm.19. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said PHPG comprises less than 0.1 ppm ozone.20. The method of microbial control of claim 19 , wherein said PHPG comprises less than 0.015 ppm ozone.21. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said microbe is a bacterium.22Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium DifficileGeobacillus stearothermophilus.. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said bacterium is claim 16 , or23. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said microbe is a fungus.24Aspergillus niger.. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said fungus is25. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said microbe is a virus.26. The method of microbial control of claim 25 , wherein said virus is a norovirus.27. The method of microbial control of claim 16 , wherein said environment is an occupied area.28. The method of microbial control of claim ...

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

Structure Modifying Apparatus

Номер: US20160067669A1
Принадлежит: Procter and Gamble Co

An apparatus for activating a chemistry disposed upon a target structure includes a handle having an axis of orientation; a structure contacting element attached to the handle a radiant energy source having an emissive outlet adjacent to the structure contacting element wherein a vector associated with the application of the apparatus to a structure intersects and is normal to the axis of orientation and passes through the structure contacting surface.

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08-03-2018 дата публикации

NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR APPLIED PHOTOCATALYSIS

Номер: US20180065856A1
Принадлежит:

A nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface is described. A process for preparing the nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface, which hydroxides and oxygen vacancies can participate in chemical reactions, which composition is prepared by a method selected from the group of methods comprising: i) controlled thermally induced dehydroxylation of nanostructured metal hydroxide precursors; ii) thermochemical reaction of said nanostructured metal oxide with hydrogen gas; iii) vacuum thermal treatment of said nanostructured metal oxide; and iv) aliovalent doping with a lower oxidation state metal. A photocatalyst comprising a nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising an optimal loading of hydroxides or oxygen vacancies or both hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on its surface, which hydroxides and/or oxygen vacancies can participate in chemical or physical reactions. 1. A nanostructured metal oxide composition comprising both hydroxide groups and oxygen vacancies on its surface.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said nanostructured metal oxide composition has an average particle size of from about 1000 nm to about 1 nm.3. The nanostructured metal oxide composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group of metals consisting of a main group claim 1 , a transition group and a rare earth group metal.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said nanostructured metal oxide composition adsorbs carbon dioxide physically or chemically or both physically and chemically.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein said nanostructured metal oxide composition has an electronic configuration that provides long-lived photo-generated electron and hole-pairs claim 4 , increasing the opportunity for charge transfer between the composition and ...

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05-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: US20200070120A1
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. 1. A method comprising:depositing a biomass material, in particulate form, on a trough of a vibratory conveyor;vibrating the vibratory conveyor and cooling the biomass material, while conveying the biomass material; andexposing the biomass material on the vibratory conveyor to ionizing radiation in the form of at least one electron beam through at least one corresponding opening in the conveyor cover.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling the biomass material comprises cooling the trough.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the biomass prior to exposing the biomass to the ionizing radiation.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting is selected from the group consisting of shearing claim 3 , chopping claim 3 , grinding claim 3 , hammermilling and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 3 , and more than 80% of the particles have at least one dimension that is less than about 0.25 inches.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 3 , and no more than 5% of the particles are less than 0.03 inches in their greatest dimension.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is irradiated with 10 to 200 Mrad of radiation.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is exposed to more than one dose of radiation utilizing multiple accelerating heads to expose the biomass to a plurality of scanning electron beams while the biomass is being conveyed on the vibratory conveyor claim 1 , each scanning electron beam being delivered through a corresponding opening in the cover.9. The method of claim 1 ...

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05-03-2020 дата публикации

Process for Preparing Bromotrichloromethane

Номер: US20200071246A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprising 111-. (canceled)12. A process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprisinga) providing a solution of bromine in chloroform; andb) radiation of the resulting solution with light in the range of 350 to 550 nm, wherein said solution of bromine in chloroform is not radiated with radiation of a wavelength below 350 nm.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the irradiation source is a light-emitting diode.14. The process of claim 12 , wherein wavelength of the radiation is in the range of 380 to 550 nm.15. The process of claim 12 , wherein light is monochromatic.16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the process is carried out in the absence of oxygen.17. The process of claim 12 , wherein said process is carried out in the absence of alcohols.18. The process of claim 12 , wherein the irradiation source does not emit radiation below 350 nm.19. The process of claim 12 , wherein reaction temperature is from −20° C. to 60° C.20. The process of claim 12 , wherein reaction pressure is in the range of 0.1-20 bar.21. The process of claim 12 , wherein content of bromine in the solution of bromine in chloroform in step a) is from 0.1 to 10% by weight.22. The process of claim 12 , wherein bromine is generated in situ. The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprisingPreferably, the present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprisingBromotrichloromethane is widely used, e.g. for chain transfer within radical polymerization of acrylate polymers (A. Matsumoto, K. Mizuta, Macromolecules 27 (1994) 5863) as bromination reagent for hydrocarbons (D. H. R. Barton, S. D. Bévière, W. Chavasiri, Tetrahedron 50 (1994) 31; T. Takahashi, K. Aoyagi and D. Y. Kondakov, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1994) 747; Earl S. Huyser J. Am. Chem. Soc., 82 (1960) 391) or in Corey-Fuchs- and Appel-reactions (S. G. Newman, C. S. Bryan, D. Perez, M. ...

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26-03-2015 дата публикации

Geometry enhancement of nanoscale energy deposition by x-rays

Номер: US20150083579A1
Автор: Ting Guo
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

A principle is established to show that nanoscale energy deposition in water by X-rays can be greatly enhanced via the geometry of nanostructures. The calculated results show that enhancement over background water can reach over 60 times for a single nanoshell made of gold. Other geometries and nanostructures are investigated, and it is found that a shell of gold nanoparticles can generate similar enhancement. The concepts of composition, matrix, and satellite effects are established and studied, all of which can further increase the enhancement of the effect of X-rays.

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23-03-2017 дата публикации

Method for recovering cyanide from a barren solution

Номер: US20170081202A1

A process is disclosed for recovering cyanide used to leach gold or silver from ore. In the course of leaching gold or silver from ore, a barren solution is generated. A portion of the barren solution containing sodium cyanide is recycled to the cyanidation process while blowdown from the barren solution is subjected to pre-treatment, UV photodissociation and pH adjustment. Ultimately, a volatile hydrocyanic acid is formed and is absorbed into a sodium hydroxide solution through the employment of a gas-filled membrane. This forms sodium cyanide that can be recycled and used in the cyanidation process to leach gold or silver from ore.

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

MICROENCAPSULATED THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20200079993A1
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA

A variety of particles forming microencapsulated thermochromic materials are provided. The particles can include a thermochromic core and a metal oxide shell encapsulating the thermochromic core. The thermochromic core can include one or both of an organic thermochromic material and an inorganic salt thermochromic material. In some aspects, the particles include a dye selected from a crystal violet lactone dye, a fluoran dye, and a combination thereof. In still further aspects, the particles include a color developer selected from a hydroxybenzoate, a 4, 4′-dihydroxydiphenyl propane, a hydroxycoumarin derivative, a lauryl gallate, and a combination thereof. In some aspects, the metal oxide shell is a TiOshell. The particles can be used in cements and paints and for a variety of building materials. Methods of making the particles and building materials and methods of use, for example, for removing a volatile organic carbon from a building material, are also provided. 1. A particle comprising:a thermochromic core comprising one or both of an organic thermochromic material and an inorganic salt thermochromic material; anda metal oxide shell encapsulating the thermochromic core.2. The particle according to claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic core comprises an organic thermochromic material; (i) a dye selected from the group consisting of a crystal violet lactone dye, a fluoran dye, and a combination thereof;', '(ii) a color developer selected from the group consisting of a hydroxybenzoate, a 4, 4′-dihydroxydiphenyl propane, a hydroxycoumarin derivative, a lauryl gallate, and a combination thereof; and', '(iii) a solvent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, a phenol, an ester, and a mixture thereof; and, 'wherein the organic thermochromic material comprises'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein the metal oxide shell comprises TiO.'}3. The particle according to claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic core comprises an organic thermochromic material.4. The particle according to ...

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02-04-2015 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON RESOURCE PROCESSING DEVICE INCLUDING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATOR AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20150090635A1
Принадлежит:

A hydrocarbon resource processing device may include a radio frequency (RF) source and an RF applicator coupled to the RF source. The RF applicator may include a base member being electrically conductive, and first and second elongate members being electrically conductive and having proximal ends coupled to the base member and extending outwardly therefrom in a generally parallel spaced apart relation. The first and second elongate members may have distal ends configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therebetween. In another embodiment, the RF applicator may include an enclosure being electrically conductive and having a passageway therethrough to accommodate a flow of the hydrocarbon resource and a divider being electrically conductive and positioned within the enclosure. 123-. (canceled)24. An apparatus for processing a hydrocarbon resource comprising:a radio frequency (RF) source; and an electrically conductive enclosure having a passageway therethrough to accommodate a flow of the hydrocarbon resource, and', 'an electrically conductive divider positioned within said electrically conductive enclosure., 'an RF applicator coupled to said RF source and comprising'}25. The apparatus according to wherein said RF source and said RF applicator are configured to perform at least one of heating claim 24 , dehydrating claim 24 , cracking and hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon resource.26. The apparatus according to wherein said electrically conductive divider has an elongate shape with opposing ends coupled to adjacent portions of said electrically conductive enclosure and with opposing sides spaced inwardly from adjacent portions of said electrically conductive enclosure.27. The apparatus according to wherein said electrically conductive divider has a convex shape.28. The apparatus according to further comprising:an auxiliary RF radiating element within said electrically conductive enclosure; andan auxiliary RF source coupled to said auxiliary RF radiating element and ...

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29-03-2018 дата публикации

COMBINATION OF ISOLATED INDIVIDUAL ENHANCEMENTS OF X-RAY RADIATION EFFECT BY NANOMATERIALS

Номер: US20180085731A1
Автор: GUO Ting

The present disclosure relates to methods of combining chemical enhancement and physical enhancement to produce a combined synergistic total enhancement, and more specifically to methods of irradiating samples containing nanomaterials capable of producing chemical or physical enhancement to produce combined synergistic total enhancement. 1. A method of enhancing a chemical reaction , the method comprising: (1) a first population of nanomaterials comprising (i) an active metal surface, and (ii) a diameter in the range of 1 nm to 10 nm;', '(2) a second population of nanomaterials comprising a diameter in the range of 10 nm to 1,000 nm;', '(3) one or more chemical reactants; and,, 'a) providing a sample comprisingb) irradiating the sample with irradiation energy for a period of time sufficient for the one or more chemical reactants to undergo a chemical reaction to yield one or more products, wherein the chemical reaction occurs at a reaction rate that is increased as compared to a corresponding control sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises water.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first population of nanomaterials comprises nanoparticles.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise gold (Au).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second population of nanomaterials comprise a ligand comprising tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) or PEG.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first population of nanomaterials is present in the sample at a concentration in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight percent first population of nanomaterials in the sample.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first population of nanomaterials comprise a diameter in the range of 1 nm to 5 nm.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first population of nanomaterials are present about 1 nm to about 10 nm away from the one or more chemical reactants.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second population of nanomaterials comprises ...

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19-06-2014 дата публикации

Devices and methods for curing nail gels

Номер: US20140166901A1
Автор: Danny Lee Haile
Принадлежит: NAIL ALLIANCE LLC

Novel nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are disclosed. Novel shields for nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are also disclosed. The devices and shields are useful for curing nail gels and more particularly where light emitting diode “LED” equipped devices are used to cure UV-VIS curable nail gel resins.

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31-03-2016 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYTIC FILTER FOR DEGRADING MIXED GAS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20160089660A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a photocatalytic filter, the surface of which has enhanced adsorption performance so that mixed gases including a gas that reacts later in a competitive reaction can be degraded from the initial stage of a photocatalytic reaction, and to a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes: dispersing carbon dioxide (TiO) nanopowder as a photocatalyst and one or more metal compounds in water to prepare a photocatalytic dispersion; coating a support with the photocatalytic dispersion; drying the coated support; and sintering the dried support. The photocatalytic filter includes a support, and a photocatalyst and one or more metal compounds, which are coated on the support. 1. A method of manufacturing a photocatalytic filter , the method including:{'sub': '2', 'providing a photocatalytic dispersion by dispersing titanium dioxide (TiO) nanopowders and metal compounds in water;'}coating a support with the photocatalytic dispersion;drying the coated support; andsintering the dried support.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal compounds include a tungsten (W) compound including atom H.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tungsten (W) compound includes HWO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal compounds include a tungsten (W) compound including HWO claim 1 , WO claim 1 , WCl claim 1 , or CaWO.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal compounds include an iron (Fe) compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the iron (Fe) compound includes Fe compound.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the iron compound includes FeCl claim 5 , FeCl claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , or Fe(NO).8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal compounds include the tungsten (W) compound having a molar ratio between 0.0032 and 0.0064 moles per mole of titanium dioxide.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the iron (Fe) compound has a molar ratio between 0.005 and 0.05 moles per mole of titanium dioxide.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating the support ...

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02-04-2015 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING FIBROUS POLYPEPTIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES

Номер: US20150094452A1
Принадлежит:

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed. 1. A composite comprising resilin and cellulose , wherein said cellulose is in the form of whiskers.2. A composite comprising a fibrous polypeptide and cellulose , said fibrous polypeptide comprising a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain , the composite being non-immobilized , wherein said cellulose is in the form of whiskers.3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said resilin comprises a cellulose binding domain.4. The composite of claim 2 , wherein said fibrous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of mussel byssus protein claim 2 , resilin claim 2 , silkworm silk protein claim 2 , spider silk protein claim 2 , collagen claim 2 , elastin and fragments thereof.5. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising an additional polypeptide being selected from the group consisting of mussel byssus protein claim 1 , silkworm silk protein claim 1 , spider silk protein claim 1 , collagen claim 1 , elastin and fragments thereof.6. The composite of being crosslinked.7. The composite of being non-crosslinked.8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said resilin comprises at least two repeating units of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45.9. A method of generating the composite of claim 1 , the method comprising contacting resilin with cellulose whiskers claim 1 , thereby generating the isolated composite of .10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising crosslinking said composite following said contacting so as to form dityrosine bonds in said resilin.11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising coating said composite with an additional fibrous polypeptide claim 10 , said coating being effected following said crosslinking the composite.12. The method claim 9 , further comprising binding said ...

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19-03-2020 дата публикации

Modified Supported Chromium Catalysts and Ethylene-Based Polymers Produced Therefrom

Номер: US20200086307A1
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

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19-03-2020 дата публикации

Light Treatment of Chromium Catalysts and Related Catalyst Preparation Systems and Polymerization Processes

Номер: US20200087430A1
Принадлежит:

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index. 1. A method for reducing a chromium catalyst for olefin polymerization , the method comprising:irradiating a reductant comprising a C—H bond and a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium in the hexavalent oxidation state with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum to reduce at least a portion of the supported chromium catalyst to form a reduced chromium catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the reductant comprises ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, tetrafluoroethane, cyclohexane, adamantane, decalin, benzene, toluene, or any combination thereof; andthe supported chromium catalyst comprises a solid oxide selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, silica-coated alumina, aluminum phosphate, aluminophosphate, heteropolytungstate, titania, zirconia, magnesia, boria, zinc oxide, silica-titania, silica-zirconia, alumina-titania, alumina-zirconia, zinc-aluminate, alumina-boria, silica-boria, aluminophosphate-silica, titania-zirconia, or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supported chromium catalyst comprises chromium/silica claim 1 , chromium/silica-titania claim 1 , chromium/silica-titania-magnesia claim 1 , chromium/silica-alumina claim 1 , chromium/silica-coated alumina claim 1 , chromium/aluminophosphate claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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07-04-2016 дата публикации

OAT FRACTIONS WITH ENHANCED AVENANTHRAMIDE CONCENTRATION AND METHODS OF MAKING

Номер: US20160095335A1
Принадлежит:

Exemplary embodiments provide oat fractions, and methods of producing the oat fractions, of the species that has a concentration of total Avenanthramides that is from about 2 to about 25 wt. %, and up to about 30 wt. % or more, higher than the concentration before treatment with infrared energy. The higher concentration is achieved without treatment with enzymes or exposure to fungal agents to increase the concentration of total Avenanthramides. Instead, the enhanced concentration of Avenanthramides is achieved through exposure to infrared energy for a selected period of time. 1Avena Sativa. An oat fraction of the species comprising a concentration of Avenanthramides higher than occurs naturally in said species , wherein the oat fraction is untreated with enzymes or fungal agents to increase the concentration of Avenanthramides , and wherein the oat fraction was treated by exposure to infrared energy.2. The oat fraction of claim 1 , wherein the oat fraction comprises oat flour.3. The oat fraction of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of total Avenanthramides in the oat flour is increased claim 2 , relative to oat flour untreated for Avenanthramides enhancement claim 2 , by from about 5 to about 25 wt. %.4. The oat fraction of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of total Avenanthramides in the oat flour is increased claim 2 , relative to oat flour untreated for Avenanthramides enhancement claim 2 , by greater than about 15 wt. %.5. The oat fraction of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of total Avenanthramides in the oat flour is increased claim 2 , relative to oat flour untreated for Avenanthramides enhancement claim 2 , by from about 10 to about 20 wt. %.6. The oat fraction of claim 1 , wherein the oat fraction comprises oat trichomes.7. The oat fraction of claim 6 , wherein the concentration of total Avenanthramides in the oat trichomes is increased claim 6 , relative to oat trichomes untreated for Avenanthramides enhancement claim 6 , by from about 5 to about ...

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28-03-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR POLYMERIZING DENTAL POLYMERIZATION COMPOSITE RESIN, AND LIGHT IRRADIATING DEVICE

Номер: US20190091000A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for polymerizing and curing a dental polymerization composite resin using a light irradiating device, said light irradiating device comprising at least one blue LED with an emission peak at a wavelength between 430 nm and 490 nm and at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED with an emission peak between 350 nm and 420 nm, the at least one blue LED is first operated without the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED, and the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED is operated later, wherein the power of the at least one blue LED and the power of the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED are controlled in a programmed manner based on time, and the light irradiated from the at least one blue LED and the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED of the light irradiating device is irradiated onto the dental polymerization composite resin, wherein the dental polymerization composite resin is thereby polymerized and cured. 1. A method for polymerizing and curing a dental polymerization composite resin using a light irradiating device , said light irradiating device comprising at least one blue LED with an emission peak at a wavelength between 430 nm and 490 nm and at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED with an emission peak between 350 nm and 420 nm , the method comprising:first operating the at least one blue LED without the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED, and operating the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED later, wherein a power of the at least one blue LED and a power of the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED are controlled in a programmed manner based on time, and irradiating light irradiated from the at least one blue LED and the at least one ultraviolet or near-UV LED of the light irradiating device onto the dental polymerization composite resin, wherein the dental polymerization composite resin is thereby polymerized and cured.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the programmed controller produces a ...

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07-04-2016 дата публикации

REUSABLE SPRAY BOTTLE WITH INTEGRATED DISPENSER

Номер: US20160097132A1
Принадлежит: Microlin, LLC

An apparatus for cleaning and/or disinfecting surfaces and objects includes a spray bottle that is refillable with an aqueous solution, the spray bottle including a nozzle and a container. The apparatus further includes a conduit in communication with the nozzle and an interior of the container, an actuator for pumping the aqueous solution from the interior of the container to outside the spray bottle through the nozzle, an ultraviolet light source in communication with the conduit configured to at least partially radiate the aqueous solution in the conduit, a power source in communication with the ultraviolet light source, and an actuator in electrical communication with the power source, the actuator configured to provide power to the ultraviolet light source upon actuation of the actuator. 1. An apparatus for cleaning and/or disinfecting surfaces and objects , the apparatus comprising:a spray bottle that is refillable with an aqueous solution, the spray bottle comprising a nozzle and a container;a conduit in communication with the nozzle and an interior of the container;an actuator for pumping the aqueous solution from the interior of the container to outside the spray bottle through the nozzle;an ultraviolet light source in communication with the conduit configured to at least partially radiate the aqueous solution in the conduit;a power source in communication with the ultraviolet light source; andan actuator in electrical communication with the power source, the actuator configured to provide power to the ultraviolet light source upon actuation of the actuator.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises at least one of a sodium percarbonate claim 1 , a sodium perborate claim 1 , and a hydrogen peroxide.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyzer claim 1 , wherein the spray bottle is configured to pass the solution through the electrolyzer to at least partially electrolyze the soluble material to produce a ...

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13-04-2017 дата публикации

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR CURING NAIL GELS

Номер: US20170100704A1
Автор: Haile Danny Lee
Принадлежит:

Novel nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are disclosed. Novel shields for nail gel curing devices and methods of their use are also disclosed. The devices and shields are useful for curing nail gels and more particularly where light emitting diode “LED” equipped devices are used to cure UV-VIS curable nail gel resins. 1. A nail gel curing device , comprising: ["said irradiation chamber being suitable for curing five nails of a user's hand or foot;", 'said dome comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes for curing nails positioned in the irradiation chamber; and', 'said space being sufficient to accommodate electronic or electric circuitry to operate the plurality of light emitting diodes in the curing device; a shield slidably attached to the device;', "said shield being capable of reducing the opening's size by sliding from an open to a more closed position, said closing diminishing a user's secondary exposure to UV light exiting the confines of the device; and", 'electronic or electric circuitry to operate the plurality of light emitting diodes in the curing device., 'an outer housing, a base, a dome and a detachable tray, said housing, base, dome and tray defining an irradiation chamber, an opening to said chamber for inserting a hand or foot of a user, and a space between the dome and housing,'}2. A nail gel curing device according to claim 1 , wherein plurality of light emitting diodes are substantially uniformly disposed about the top and sides of the dome.3. A nail gel curing device according to claim 1 , wherein each light emitting diode provides from about 2 to about 5 watts of power.4. A nail gel curing device according to claim 1 , wherein the combined light emitting diode wattage is in a range of from about 20 to about 40 watts.5. A nail gel curing device according to claim 3 , wherein the combined light emitting diode wattage is from about 30 to about 36 watts.6. A nail gel curing device according to claim 1 , wherein the light ...

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

RECOVERY OF A METAL FROM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SULPHURATED MINERALS AND OXIDIZED MINERALS, AND OTHER COMPOSITIONS OF VALUABLE MINERALS

Номер: US20190100846A1
Принадлежит: Quantum Matrix SPA

A method to separate and recover at least one metal from a source of oxidized and/or primary and secondary sulfide ores by determining and modifying the values of the dielectric constant of the minerals source. 1. A method to separate and recover at least one metal from a source of oxidized and/or primary and secondary sulfide ores , the method comprising the following stages:i. providing in a reactor a source of oxidized and/or primary and secondary sulfide ores, where said ores source has a controlled granulometry;ii. determining the value of the dielectric constant of the ores source by electromagnetic, chemical, physical and/or mineralogical characterization;iii. providing an acid leaching composition A with a dielectric constant of at least 2% to 10% greater than the dielectric constant of the ore source;iv. modifying the value of the dielectric constant of the ores source by incorporating to the reactor an aqueous acid composition B having a dielectric constant of at least 2% to 10% greater than the dielectric constant of the ore source;v. contacting the ores source with the acid leaching composition A under controlled conditions of pressure and temperature in the reactor in order to form a mixture between the leaching composition A and the source of ores, where said reactor forms part of a system comprising a generating set and radio frequency amplifier, allowing to providing radio frequency to the mixture,vi. submitting the mixture to stirring and recirculation of the leaching composition A through the system;vii. providing the mixture with a supply oxygen and ozone through an oxygen concentrator and ozonizer, where said supply has been previously submitted to treatment with ultraviolet light generated by an UV unit;viii. allowing the dissolution of the metal and the migration of said metal to the leaching composition in order to provide a composition comprising the solubilized metal (PLS);ix. through an electrochemical separation technique, extracting the ...

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21-04-2016 дата публикации

Modular refining reactor and refining methods

Номер: US20160107953A1
Принадлежит: Lytoil Inc

Methods and apparatus for refining feedstocks, such as crude or synthetic oil, and like feedstocks, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a reactor for refining a feedstock includes: a chamber having an inner volume to hold a liquid feedstock, a feedstock inlet port, a process gas inlet port, and an outlet port; a gas diffuser housed within the chamber and coupled to the process gas inlet port; and a radical generator coupled in fluid communication with the inner volume via the gas diffuser. In some embodiments, a method for refining feedstock includes: providing liquid feedstock to an inner volume of a reactor; flowing a radicalized process gas from a radical generator into the inner volume and into contact with the feedstock via a gas diffuser to fractionate the feedstock and produce one or more fractions of product in a vaporous mixture; and collecting a desired product from the vaporous mixture.

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23-04-2015 дата публикации

Method and Device for Generating Hydrogen Plasma Field

Номер: US20150111974A1
Автор: Oikawa Taneaki
Принадлежит:

A method for generating a hydrogen plasma field include a step for preparing ionized hydrogen water in which hydrogenated hydrogen with ion binding properties or ortho hydrogen molecules have been dissolved. The method also includes a step for irradiating the resulting solution with vacuum ultraviolet light. The vacuum ultraviolet light preferably includes waves with a wavelength of 193 nm. Applying this method for generating a hydrogen plasma field to an oil emulsification step enables an emulsified oil to be better refined and converted to atomized particles through exposure to sunlight. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for generating a hydrogen plasma field , the method comprising;preparing ionized hydrogen water that contains ortho-hydrogen molecules that are dissolved in the ionized hydrogen water; andradiating vacuum ultraviolet rays into the ionized hydrogen water.13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein claim 12 , prior to radiating the vacuum ultraviolet rays claim 12 , the method further comprises radiating ultrasonic waves or microwaves.14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the vacuum ultraviolet rays contain a wavelength of 193 nm.15. A method for emulsification comprising emulsifying oil by a hydrogen plasma field that is generated by the method for generating a hydrogen plasma field according .16. The method for emulsification according to claim 15 , further comprising injecting oil into the ionized hydrogen water.17. A method for generating a hydrogen plasma field claim 15 , the method comprising;preparing ionized hydrogen water that contains ionically bonded hydrogen that is dissolved therein; andradiating vacuum ultraviolet rays into the ionized hydrogen water.18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein claim 17 , prior to radiating the vacuum ultraviolet rays claim 17 , the method further comprises radiating ultrasonic waves or microwaves.19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the vacuum ultraviolet rays contain a wavelength ...

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09-06-2022 дата публикации

MULTI-REFLECTOR PHOTOREACTOR FOR CONTROLLED IRRADIATION OF FLUID

Номер: US20220176336A1
Принадлежит:

A UV reactor comprises a main chamber extending in a generally longitudinal direction. The main chamber may comprise a UV-LED and a reflective wall located at opposing longitudinal ends of the main chamber. Fluid enters main chamber through a fluid inlet and exits main chamber through a fluid outlet. The fluid inlet may be located at the reflective wall end of the main chamber. The fluid outlet may be located at the UV-LED end of the main chamber. 1. A fluid treatment apparatus comprising:a main chamber defined by a body, the main chamber extending in a longitudinal direction; a reflector cone comprising a reflective surface that defines a reflector cone concavity; and', 'a radiation source located in the reflector cone concavity;', 'the reflective surface of the reflector cone shaped to direct radiation from the radiation source into the main chamber in a direction having at least a component oriented in the longitudinal direction; and, 'a radiation emitter located at a first longitudinal end of the main chamber, the radiation emitter further comprisinga wall shaped to define a plurality of openings in fluid communication with the main chamber, the plurality of openings providing an inlet for conducting fluid into the main chamber; andan outlet for conducting fluid out of the main chamber,wherein the plurality of openings are at least one of shaped and located to provide non-uniform flow of fluid into the main chamber.2. A fluid treatment apparatus according to wherein the wall is located at a second longitudinal end of the main chamber claim 1 , the second longitudinal end opposed to the first longitudinal end.3. A fluid treatment apparatus according to wherein the wall comprises a reflective surface facing the main chamber.4. A fluid treatment apparatus according wherein the reflective surface of the wall has a transverse surface area that is greater than a transverse cross-section of the main chamber at the first longitudinal end of the main chamber.5. A fluid ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20160121295A1
Принадлежит:

A photocatalytic reaction system by collecting sunlight, the system including: a light collector, a light conduction device, and a photoreactor. A transparent protective cover is disposed on the top of a housing of the light collector. A light-collecting convex lens group is disposed beneath the protective cover in the transmission direction of the sunlight. The housing of the light collector is provided with a solar radiation measuring device. An azimuthal main shaft and the pitch main shaft are separately provided with the servo motors and are rotatable in relation to each other by tracking the sunlight under the drive of the separate servo motors. The sunlight collected by the light-collecting convex lens group is converged into a convergent light when passing through the light conduction device and the convergent light is directed to the photoreactor. The photoreactor functions to transmit full-spectrum rays of sunlight. 1. A photocatalytic reaction system , comprising:a light collector, the light collector comprising: a housing, a protective cover, a light-collecting convex lens group, a solar radiation measuring device, a two-degree-of-freedom bracket, a base, servo motors, and a data collection control box; the two-degree-of-freedom bracket comprising a pitch main shaft and an azimuthal main shafta light conduction device; anda photoreactor, the photoreactor comprising: a light transmitting cylinder, a sealing cover, a reaction gas inlet, reaction gas outlets, a reaction solution inlet, a reaction solution outlet, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor;whereinthe protective cover is transparent and disposed on a top of the housing of the light collector; the light-collecting convex lens group is formed by at least one lens arranged in multiple layers, and the light-collecting convex lens group is disposed beneath the protective cover in a transmission direction of the sunlight; the housing of the light collector is provided with the solar radiation ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

HYBRID REFORMING SYSTEM USING CARBON DIOXIDE PLASMA AND CATALYST

Номер: US20160121296A1
Принадлежит: KOREA BASIC SCIENCE INSTITUTE

The present invention provides a hybrid reforming system for producing syngas through a reforming reaction between carbon dioxide plasma and a hydrocarbon material, the system comprising: a carbon dioxide feeder () which feeds carbon dioxide; a hydrocarbon material feeder () which feeds the hydrocarbon material; a plasma reformer () which respectively receives carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbon material from the carbon dioxide feeder () and the hydrocarbon material feeder (), and produces primary syngas through a reforming reaction while producing the carbon dioxide plasma using electromagnetic waves; a wet carbon-refining device () which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the plasma reformer () and filters and refines carbon contained in the primary syngas; and a catalyst dry-reformer () which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the wet carbon-refining device () and produces secondary syngas by making the refined syngas undergo a catalyst dry-reforming reaction. 1. A hybrid reforming system for producing syngas through a reforming reaction between carbon dioxide plasma and a hydrocarbon material , the system comprising:{'b': '110', 'a carbon dioxide feeder () which feeds carbon dioxide;'}{'b': '120', 'a hydrocarbon material feeder () which feeds the hydrocarbon material;'}{'b': 200', '110', '120, 'a plasma reformer () which respectively receives carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbon material from the carbon dioxide feeder () and the hydrocarbon material feeder (), and produces primary syngas through a reforming reaction while producing the carbon dioxide plasma using electromagnetic waves;'}{'b': 130', '200, 'a wet carbon-refining device () which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the plasma reformer () and filters and refines carbon contained in the primary syngas; and'}{'b': 140', '130, 'a catalyst dry-reformer () which is arranged at a gas exhaust end of the wet carbon-refining device () and produces secondary syngas by making the refined syngas undergo a ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

REFLECTIVE COMPOSITION

Номер: US20160122553A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a UV light reflective composition comprising a light transmissive matrix comprising a silicone resin, and UV light reflective particles comprising boron nitride, the particles being dispersed in the transmissive matrix. The light reflective particles of the UV light reflective composition has an average particle size within the range of from 0.2 to 0.7 μm. An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a highly light reflective composition, especially in the UV range. 1. A UV light reflective composition comprising:a light transmissive matrix comprising a polysiloxane or a polysiloxane derivative, andUV light reflective particles comprising boron nitride, said particles being dispersed in the light transmissive matrix,wherein the light reflective particles have an average particle size within the range of from 0.2 to 0.7 μm.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the light reflective particles have an average particle size of less than or equal to 0.6 μm.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a content of boron nitride of less than or equal to 30% by weight.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a content of boron nitride of less than or equal to 20% by weight.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a content of boron nitride of less than or equal to 8% by weight.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a content of boron nitride within the range of 1 to less than 9% by weight.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprising light reflective particles comprising a reflective metal oxide.8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the reflective metal oxide is aluminum oxide and/or yttrium oxide.9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the transmissive matrix comprises a silicone resin.10. A UV light emitting arrangement comprising:a light ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

TREATMENT FOR REDUCING THE TOXICITY OF 3D-PRINTED PARTS

Номер: US20170120523A1

A method of reducing the toxicity of a 3D-printed part is provided. The method includes exposing the part to ultraviolet light sufficient to reduce the toxicity of the part. The toxicity of the ultraviolet light-treated part can be based on a comparison with the toxicity of a similarly prepared part not exposed to ultraviolet light. 1. A method of reducing the toxicity of a 3D-printed article , comprisingexposing the article to ultraviolet light sufficient for the toxicity of the article to be reduced as compared to that of a similarly prepared article not exposed to ultraviolet light.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is printed by an extrusion deposition process or a photopolymerization process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is printed with a photocurable liquid resin.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the resin comprises one or more acrylic monomers.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is printed with a thermoplastic polymer.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polymer is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of about 350 nm to about 400 nm.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article maintains its integrity and/or appearance following the exposing of the article to ultraviolet light.9. A method of preparing a 3D-printed article having reduced toxicity claim 1 , comprisingobtaining a 3D-printed article; andexposing the article to ultraviolet light sufficient for the toxicity of the article to be reduced as compared to that of a similarly obtained article not exposed to ultraviolet light.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the article is printed by an extrusion deposition process or a photopolymerization process.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the article is printed with a photocurable liquid resin.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the resin comprises one or more acrylic monomers.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the article is printed with a ...

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04-05-2017 дата публикации

PLASMONIC ASSISTED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

Номер: US20170121472A1
Принадлежит:

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent. 1. (canceled)2. A system for producing a change in a medium to be treated , comprising:an energy source capable of producing an initiation energy comprising one or more of x-rays, gamma rays, or an electron beam;a container holding the medium to be treated;an energy modulation agent surrounded by an encapsulation, disposed inside or in a vicinity of the medium to be treated, and separated physically from the medium to be treated by the encapsulation; andsaid energy modulation agent comprising a photon emitter which emits at least one of ultraviolet and visible light upon interaction with said initiation energy, wherein said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light stimulates a chemical or biological process in the medium.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the energy modulation agent comprises at least one of a sulfide claim 2 , a telluride claim 2 , a selenide and an oxide semiconductor.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light stimulates claim 2 , for said chemical or biological process claim 2 , a change in an organism activity of the medium.5. The system of claim 2 , wherein said container comprises at least one of an aluminum container claim 2 , a quartz container claim 2 , a glass container claim 2 , a plastic container or a combination thereof.6. The system of claim 2 , wherein said encapsulation comprises at ...

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 5-(BROMOMETHYL)-1-BENZOTHIOPHENE

Номер: US20190119242A1
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.

Provided is a method for industrially producing 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene. The production method according to the present invention comprises: (1) a step for introducing 5-methyl-1-benzothiophene, a brominating agent, and a solvent into a reactor; (2) a step for emitting light having a wavelength range of 200-780 nm inside the reactor; and (3) a step for recovering 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene from the reactor. 1. A method for producing 5-bromomethyl-1-benzothiophene , comprising:(1) introducing 5-methyl-1-benzothiophene, a brominating agent and a solvent into a reactor;(2) irradiating the interior of the reactor with light having a wavelength range of 200 to 780 nm; and(3) recovering 5-bromomethyl-1-benzothiophene from the reactor,whereinthe reactor is a flow-type photochemical reactor, andthe solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of esters and halogenated hydrocarbons.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the brominating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of bromine claim 1 , N-bromocaprolactam claim 1 , N-bromosuccinimide claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-dibromo-5 claim 1 ,5-dimethylhydantoin claim 1 , a bromine-pyridine complex and copper(II) bromide.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the brominating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of N-bromosuccinimide and 1 claim 1 ,3-dibromo-5 claim 1 ,5-dimethylhydantoin.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the brominating agent is 1 claim 1 ,3-dibromo-5 claim 1 ,5-dimethylhydantoin.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from esters.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is least one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a reaction temperature is from 5 to 70° C. The present invention relates to a method for producing 5-bromomethyl-1-benzothiophene which is useful as a production intermediate for ...

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11-05-2017 дата публикации

Photochemical hydrogenation of heavy fractions of hydrocarbon streams

Номер: US20170128907A1

The present invention describes a photochemical hydrogenation process for heavy fractions of hydrocarbon streams where the aromatic and polyaromatic compounds present in that fraction selectively react in the presence of an alkoxide, when subjected to electromagnetic irradiation.

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01-09-2022 дата публикации

Solar Concentrator Reactor for High Temperature Thermochemical Processes

Номер: US20220274077A1
Принадлежит: Blueshift, LLC dba Outward Technologies

A solar concentrator reactor system and method of use for high temperature thermochemical processes. In one embodiment, the solar concentrator reactor system produces a thermochemical reaction of irradiated particles within an enclosed vessel volume of a solar concentrator reactor. In one aspect, the solar concentrator reactor system uses a solar concentrator to irradiate particles of a particle stream within an enclosed vessel volume of a solar concentrator reactor. The thermochemical reaction yields a chemical change of the feedstock and/or phase transition of the feedstock such as the production of a molten reacted material from a solid particulate feed. In one embodiment, the particles are a lunar regolith and the thermochemical reaction yields oxygen. 1. A solar concentrator reactor system comprising: a gas inlet inputting a first gas stream to the enclosed vessel volume, the first gas stream comprising a first gas;', 'a gas outlet outputting a second gas stream from the enclosed vessel volume, the second gas comprising a second gas;', 'a solar concentrator directing solar energy to a defined irradiating location within the enclosed vessel volume;', 'a particle feed delivering a set of particles of a particle stream to the defined irradiating location;', 'a controller operating to control the solar concentrator to direct solar energy to the defined irradiating location; and', 'a slag processor comprising a slag extrusion nozzle and a slag outlet; wherein:, 'a solar concentrator reactor having an enclosed vessel volume and comprisingthe solar energy directed by the solar concentrator to the defined irradiating location irradiates the particles of the particle stream to produce a thermochemical reaction of the particles, the thermochemical reaction yielding the second gas and yielding a reacted material;the reacted material is extruded from the slag extrusion nozzle; andthe second gas is emitted from the gas outlet.2. The solar concentrator reactor system of ...

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23-04-2020 дата публикации

FLUORINATED CARBONATE DERIVATIVE PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20200122114A1
Автор: TSUDA Akihiko
Принадлежит:

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative in a safe and efficient manner. The method for producing a fluorinated carbonate derivative according to the present invention is characterized in comprising irradiating light on a composition containing a Chalogenated hydrocarbon having one or more kinds of halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, a fluorine-containing compound having a nucleophilic functional group and a base in the presence of oxygen. 2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-1) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-1) claim 1 , the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-2) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-2) claim 1 , or the fluorine-containing compound is a compound represented by formula (i-3) and the fluorinated carbonate derivative is a fluorinated carbonate derivative represented by formula (I-3):{'br': None, 'sup': 'F11', 'sub': '2', 'RCH-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-1)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'F12', 'sub': '2', '(R)CH-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-2)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'F13', 'sub': '3', '(R)C-A-H\u2003\u2003(i-3)'}{'br': None, 'sup': F11', 'F11, 'sub': 2', '2, 'RCH-A-C(═O)-A-CH—R\u2003\u2003(I-1)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 12', 'F12, 'sub': 2', '2, '(R)CH-A-C(═O)-A-CH(R)\u2003\u2003(I-2)'}{'br': None, 'sup': F13', 'F13, 'sub': 3', '3, '(R)C-A-C(═O)-A-C(R)\u2003\u2003(I-3)'}whereinA is O, S or NH,{'sup': 'F11', 'sub': 1-10', '6-14', '4-14', '2-24, 'Ris a Cfluoroalkyl group, a Cfluoroaryl group, a Cfluoroheteroaryl group or a Cfluoro(alkylpolyoxyalkylene) group,'}{'sup': F12', 'F12', 'F12, 'sub': 1-10', '1-10', '6-14', '6-14', '4-14', '4-14', '2-24', '2-24', '1-10', '6-14', '4-14', '2-24', '2-6, 'two Rare ...

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19-05-2016 дата публикации

DEVICE, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ADVANCED OXIDATION PRODUCTS

Номер: US20160136609A1
Принадлежит: RGF Environmental Group, Inc.

The present invention relates generally to an advanced oxidation process for providing advanced oxidation products to an environment. More particularly, the present invention provides a device, system, and method utilizing an advanced oxidation process to react with and neutralize compounds in an environment, including microbes, odor causing chemicals, and other organic and inorganic chemicals. The device, system, and method of the present invention employ a wick structure to collect and concentrate water vapor, so that the water vapor may subsequently be used to generate advanced oxidation products. 1. An apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products comprising:a wick structure comprising a porous base material and having an interior surface and an exterior surface;at least one high frequency ultrasonic emitter targeted to the interior surface of the wick structure;a light source; anda chamber wherein the formation of advanced oxidation products occurs disposed adjacent to the interior surface of the wick structure.2. The apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products of claim 1 , further comprising a gas inlet configured to flow gas along at least one of the interior surface and the exterior surface of the wick structure.3. The apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products of claim 2 , wherein the gas is air.4. The apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products of claim 1 , wherein ultra-sonic energy produced by the ultrasonic emitter is targeted to the interior surface of the wick structure by one or more digital reflectors.5. The apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products of claim 4 , wherein the one or more digital reflectors are planar or conical in structure.6. The apparatus for generating advanced oxidation products of claim 4 , wherein the digital reflectors comprise a plurality of planar convex reflectors that are configured to reflect and disperse the ultrasonic energy onto targeted points or surfaces of the interior ...

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03-06-2021 дата публикации

Method for producing functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose and functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose thereby produced

Номер: US20210163630A1
Принадлежит: Anomera Inc

A method for producing functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose, the method comprising the steps of providing cellulose, mixing said cellulose with a peroxide, thereby producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture, and/or exposing the reaction mixture to UV radiation is provided. Functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose produced by this method is also provided.

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11-05-2017 дата публикации

Electrode Material for an Electrochemical Storage System, Method for the Production of an Electrode Material and Elctrochemical Energy Storage System

Номер: US20170133687A1
Автор: HINTENNACH Andreas
Принадлежит: DAIMLER AG

An electrode material for an electrochemical storage system is disclosed. The electrode material being formed from a composite material, where the composite material includes at least one electrically conductive matrix and an active material. The electrically conductive matrix includes nanoscale, tubular structures made from silicon. A method for the production of an electrode material and an electrochemical energy storage system is also disclosed. 18.-. (canceled)9. An electrode material for an electrochemical storage system , comprising:a composite material, wherein the composite material comprises an electrically conductive matrix and an active material;wherein the electrically conductive matrix comprises nanoscale, tubular structures made from silicon.10. The electrode material according to claim 9 , wherein the active material is bound in a chemically soluble manner to the nanoscale claim 9 , tubular structures.11. The electrode material according to claim 9 , wherein the composite material is a coating material for an anode.12. The electrode material according to claim 9 , wherein the electrically conductive matrix comprises a porous and mechanically flexible carbon structure.13. A method for production of an electrode material according to claim 9 , comprising the steps of:a) filling a first vessel with a predetermined amount of trichlorosilane;b) arranging a section of a silicon wafer in a second vessel;c) connecting the first vessel and the second vessel with a pipe and sealing the pipe with a drop;d) irradiating the trichlorosilane with electromagnetic radio-frequency radiation; ande) removing a reaction product which is deposited on the section of the silicon wafer.14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the trichlorosilane is irradiated with continuously emitted electromagnetic radio-frequency radiation.15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein dimensions of the nanoscale claim 13 , tubular structures are dependent on a radiation power ...

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07-08-2014 дата публикации

BIOOPTICAL AND BIOFUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS AND METHODS OF POLYLACTIC ACID FILMS

Номер: US20140219881A1
Автор: Riebel Michael J.
Принадлежит: Green Bubble Technologies LLC

High surface energy materials with low refractive index and UV transparency wherein multilayers of similar or dissimilar materials are thermally fused together to form various functional optical requirements are provided. In some embodiments, a photocatalytic biopolymer structure comprising of a UV transparent biopolymer in integrating fused nanophotocatalytic minerals such as Tio2 used for various applications is provided. Many embodiments are based on the integration of nanophotocatalytic minerals fused to a biopolymer structure in which the biopolymer structure is UV transparent (UVT) and allows UV light to be transmitted through the biopolymer structure activating the nanophotocatalytic fused layer. 1. An ultraviolet transparent (UVT) biopolymer photocatalytic structure comprising:a UVT biopolymer layer;a nanophotocatalytic layer in contact with the UVT biopolymer layer; anda fixed UV source positioned such that light in a uv spectra from the UV source reaches the UV transparent biopolymer layer;wherein the UV spectra can be transmitted though the UVT biopolymer structure to activate the nanophotocatatlytic layer.2. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UV source is a fluorescent bulb.3. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UV source is a UV light emitting diode.4. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UV source is direct sunlight.5. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UVT biopolymer layer comprises modified acrylics.6. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UVT biopolymer layer comprises polylactic acid.7. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , wherein the UVT biopolymer layer comprises fluoropolymers.8. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic structure of claim 1 , further comprising a filler in one of the UVT biopolymer layer or the nanophotocatalytic layer.9. The UVT biopolymer photocatalytic ...

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07-08-2014 дата публикации

Plasmonic assisted systems and methods for interior energy-activation from an exterior source

Номер: US20140222117A1
Принадлежит: Duke University, Immunolight LLC

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

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09-05-2019 дата публикации

On-demand hydrogen generator and method for generating hydrogen on-demand

Номер: US20190135620A1
Автор: Xiliang Nie
Принадлежит: Individual

An on-demand hydrogen generator and method therefor is presented herein. In particular, the present invention utilizes the photocatalytic activity of one or more photocatalysts dispersed throughout an amount of water to generate hydrogen, such as hydrogen gas (H 2 ), on-demand. Specifically, a reservoir with an amount of water or other fluid is included. A plurality of photocatalysts (such as, but in no way limited to titanium dioxide) is dispersed substantially throughout the water. An initiator, such as a light wave or UV wave generator, is structured to emit energy upon the photocatalysts dispersed throughout the water. Photocatalysis, caused by the initiator, water and photocatalysts, causes the water to split into hydrogen (h2) and oxygen. The hydrogen can then be obtained, on-demand, via one or more electrodes and used in many different application and environments, including, but not limited to various internal combustion engines for vehicles, generators, power stations, batteries, etc.

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28-05-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CHLORINATED VINYL CHLORIDE-BASED RESIN

Номер: US20150148445A1
Принадлежит: KANEKA CORPORATION

According to a method of the present invention for producing a CPVC resin, the method includes the steps of: introducing chlorine into a slurry of a PVC resin in a first tank; transferring, from the first tank to a second tank, the slurry into which chlorine has been introduced; and irradiating, with UV light, the slurry in the second tank. This method improves an amount of chlorine dissolved into the slurry of the PVC resin and consequently, improves production efficiency of the CPVC resin. 1. A method for producing a chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin , the method comprising the steps of:introducing chlorine into a slurry of a vinyl chloride-based resin in a first tank;transferring, from the first tank to a second tank, the slurry into which chlorine has been introduced; andirradiating, with UV light, the slurry in the second tank.2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein pressure is applied inside the first tank.3. The method as set forth in claim 2 , wherein a pressure inside the first tank is in a range of 0.02 MPa to 2 MPa.4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising the step of circulating the slurry having been irradiated with UV light in the second tank to the first tank.5. The method as set forth in claim 4 , further comprising the step of introducing chlorine into the slurry taken out from the second tank.6. The method as set forth in claim 4 , further comprising the step of introducing the slurry to a gas phase part or a part in the vicinity of a gas-liquid phase boundary in the first tank when the slurry is circulated from the second tank to the first tank.7. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the step of irradiating the slurry with UV light claim 1 , at least one kind of light source selected from the group consisting of a UV LED claim 1 , an organic EL claim 1 , an inorganic EL and a UV laser is used for irradiation.8. An apparatus for producing a chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin claim 1 , the ...

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18-05-2017 дата публикации

EQUIPMENT PROTECTING ENCLOSURES

Номер: US20170140845A1
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas. 1. A method of protecting material processing equipment , the method comprising;conveying a biomass material under an electron beam on a conveyor; andenclosing motor components in an equipment enclosure that does not surround the conveyor; andpurging the enclosure with a gas that has been filtered to remove ozone.2. The method of wherein the gas comprises air.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exchanging the gas in the equipment enclosure at an exchange rate of less than once every 10 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conveyor is disposed within a vault.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the vault also contains irradiating equipment.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is provided from within the enclosure.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further includes moving the equipment enclosure to access the motor components.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the equipment enclosure is configured to be movable.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the equipment enclosure includes lead.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposure of the motor components to radiation is reduced by at least 10% as compared to the radiation exposure that would occur without the equipment enclosure.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the exposure of the motor components to ionizing radiation is reduced by at least 20% as compared to the radiation exposure that would occur without the equipment enclosure.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the exposure of the motor components to ...

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09-05-2019 дата публикации

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Номер: US20190139660A1
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. 1. A method comprising:depositing a controlled stream of a biomass material, in particulate form, on a trough of a vibratory conveyor having a cover, using a spreader, the biomass material covering only a portion of a width of the trough;vibrating the vibratory conveyor, while conveying the biomass material a distance such that the biomass material spreads out to cover substantially the entire width of the trough; and thenexposing the biomass material on the vibratory conveyor to ionizing radiation in the form of a scanning electron beam through an opening in the conveyor cover.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the biomass prior to exposing the biomass to the ionizing radiation.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting is selected from the group consisting of shearing claim 2 , chopping claim 2 , grinding claim 2 , hammermilling and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 2 , and more than 80% of the particles have at least one dimension that is less than about 0.25 inches.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein comminuting produces a biomass material with particles claim 2 , and no more than 5% of the particles are less than 0.03 inches in their greatest dimension.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is irradiated with 10 to 200 Mrad of radiation.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is exposed to more than one dose of radiation.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomass is exposed to a plurality of scanning electron beams while being conveyed on the vibratory conveyor.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass ...

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25-05-2017 дата публикации

PHASES INTERFACE REACTOR AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING REACTION PRODUCT AND SECONDARY REACTION PRODUCT USING PHASES INTERFACE REACTION

Номер: US20170144891A1
Автор: HARUYAMA Tetsuya
Принадлежит:

A method for producing a reaction product employing a phases interface reaction that to efficiently bring about a reaction between a plasma-form substance (ozone, nitrogen plasma, etc.) and water or the like; a phases interface reactor; and a method for producing a secondary reaction product. The phases interface reactor that includes a reaction vessel, a plasma supply means for supplying a plasma-form substance into the reaction vessel, a water/aqueous solution supply means for supplying the reaction vessel, and an ultraviolet ray irradiation means for irradiating the plasma-form substance in the reaction vessel; said device causing the plasma-form substance and a solute contained in water or aqueous solution to react at the phases interface in a reaction vessel. Methods for producing a reaction product in which a phases interface reaction is provided, and also a secondary reaction product producing method for producing a secondary reaction product using the reaction product. 1. A method for producing a reaction product using a phases interface reaction , comprising:a plasma supply step of supplying a plasmatic substance into a reaction chamber;a water/aqueous solution supply step of supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction chamber; andan ultraviolet irradiation step of irradiating the plasmatic substance in the reaction chamber with ultraviolet light,the plasmatic substance and the water or a solute contained in the aqueous solution being reacted at a phases interface in the reaction chamber.2. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe water/aqueous solution supply step is a nebulization step of generating a mist of water or a mist of aqueous solution in the reaction chamber, andthe ultraviolet irradiation step is a step of irradiating the plasmatic substance in the reaction chamber with ultraviolet light, with the humidity in the reaction chamber being less than 100%.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the humidity in the reaction chamber is 40% or more ...

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14-08-2014 дата публикации

Photoreactor and Process for Preparing MIP Nanoparticles

Номер: US20140228472A1
Принадлежит: Cranfield University

Soluble or colloidal nanoparticles of molecularly imprinted polymer are produced reliably and consistently in a photoreactor with a reaction vessel () containing a solid phase () bearing immobilised template. Parameters such as temperature, fluid flows and irradiation time are controlled by a computer (). 1. A process for producing nanoparticles of molecularly imprinted polymers comprising:(i) immobilising a template species on a solid support to provide a supported template material;(ii) locating the supported template material in a reaction vessel having one or more flow inlets, one or more flow outlets, a cooler/heater adapted to affect the temperature of the vessel's contents, and a radiation source adapted to irradiate the vessel's interior;(iii) passing a polymerisable composition into the vessel through one or more of said flow inlets;(iv) causing the radiation source to irradiate the vessel's interior to effect controlled polymerisation of the polymerisable composition, while using the cooler/heater to control the temperature thereof;(v) ceasing irradiation at a stage when polymerisation has generated nanoparticles with molecular weights in the range 500-1,000,000 Da, at least some of the nanoparticles being bound to the immobilised template;(vi) passing solvent through the vessel via one or more of said inlets and one or more of said outlets to wash out unreacted components of the polymerisable composition and unbound polymers; and(vii) passing solvent through the vessel via one or more of said inlets and one or more of said outlets under conditions such that at least some of said bound nanoparticles are separated from the immobilised template and passed out of the vessel to a collection vessel, said conditions comprising one or more of increased temperature produced by the cooler/heater, and use of a solvent composition that is able to disrupt binding of nanoparticles to template.2. A process of wherein step (vii) comprises a first step (a) in which ...

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07-05-2020 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PLANT EXTRACTION

Номер: US20200140780A1
Автор: STANTCHEV GEORGE
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and a method for plant extraction are disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention comprises an extraction module, a separating module and a reservoir. The method essentially includes plant material preparing, decarboxylating, active components extracting and separating. By using liquid tetrafluoroethane as the solvent in the apparatus of the present invention, the active components of the plant material are efficiently extracted under low pressure extraction and high pressure extraction conditions. 1. A method for plant extraction comprising:preparing a plant material by grinding or cutting to a predetermined size; decarboxylating the plant material;extracting active components from the plant material by soaking the plant material in a liquid tetrafluoroethane to dissolve the active components and form a solution with the active components;separating the active components from the solution by vaporize the liquid tetrafluoroethane to a gaseous tetrafluoroethane; andliquefying the gaseous tetrafluoroethane to the liquid tetrafluoroethane for recycling.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of decarboxylating the plant material is selectively performed in one of a heating decarboxylation process claim 1 , an ionic flow decarboxylation process or an enzymatic decarboxylation process.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the step of decarboxylating the plant material is enhanced by applying an electromagnetic field to the plant material.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of decarboxylating the plant material is performed before the plant material is introduced in an extractor.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of decarboxylating the plant material is performed after the plant material is introduced in an extractor and before the step of soaking the plant material in the liquid tetrafluoroethane.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of decarboxylating the plant material is ...

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09-06-2016 дата публикации

REVERSE-PHASE POLYMERISATION PROCESS

Номер: US20160159955A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises, providing in a vessel () a volume () of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point () and at least one monomer feed point (), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices () into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point subjecting the aqueous monomer beads to polymerisation conditions to initiate polymerisation to form polymerising beads, wherein the polymerising beads have formed polymer beads when they reach the polymer bead discharge point, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point and recovering water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus. 1. A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid , and recovering polymer beads , in which the process comprises:providing in a vessel a volume of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point and at least one ...

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22-09-2022 дата публикации

Mantle peridotite based-activated carbon nanosheet:catalyst for cathode oxygen reduction of seawater to generate hydrogen (H) when exposed to sunlight using the photocatalytic water splitting

Номер: US20220298012A1
Принадлежит:

The mantle peridotite based-activated carbon nanosheet is a catalyst for cathode oxygen reduction of seawater to generate hydrogen when exposed to sunlight (photocatalytic water splitting). The catalyst is placed in the top surface of seawater and when exposed to sunlight begins to generate hydrogen (H). The catalyst mantle peridotite based-activated carbon nanosheet and the sunlight combine generate electricity, mix with seawater splits the seawater significantly generates hydrogen (H) from the seawater. The hydrogen is collected and stored in the cathode. From the cathode the collected gas is transferred to the hydrogen storage tank. 1. The present invention discloses an abundant source of hydrogen(H) that uses the photocatalytic water splitting with a catalyst for cathode oxygen reduction of seawater to generate hydrogen when exposed to sunlight.2. Mantle peridotite based-activated carbon nanosheet is the catalyst for the photocatalytic water splitting.3. The invention claims the technical and structural made up of the cathode tube storage that is equipped with Watlow's PM Plus temperature controller with remote control for easy temperature set-up. The PM Plus temperature connectivity uses the E-Z link mobile app for remote access. This invention relates to hydrogen (H) production using mantle peridotite based-activated carbon nanosheet as catalyst for cathode oxygen reduction of seawater to generate hydrogen(H) when exposed to sunlight using the photocatalytic water splitting.It is the goal of this invention to eventually move us toward a future powered by renewable energy that is truly clean, or toward a clean-energy future requires a zero emission fuel source that is low cost, efficient and abundant source of hydrogen(H) from seawater.As stated in “Hydrogen Storage in Nanotubes and Nanostructures” by George E. FroudakisTo produce hydrogen(H) to be usable as fuel, a catalyst is needed for hydrogen generation. Sunlight is an abundant resource. When exposed to ...

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14-05-2020 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FORMING ARYL CARBON-NITROGEN BONDS USING LIGHT AND PHOTOREACTORS USEFUL FOR CONDUCTING SUCH REACTIONS

Номер: US20200147581A1

The disclosure relates to a dual catalytic method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a dual catalytic solution comprising a Ni(II) salt catalyst, a photocatalyst, and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiment, the photocatalyst may be [Ru(bpy)]Clor an organic phenoxazine. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. 1. A dual catalytic method for forming an aryl carbon-nitrogen bond , the method comprising:contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a dual catalytic solution comprising a Ni(II) salt catalyst, a photocatalyst, and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; andexposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction conditions sufficient to form the aryl carbon-nitrogen bond.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactions conditions comprise holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80° C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% reaction yield is obtained.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least about 80% reaction yield is obtained.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl halide is selected from the group consisting of an aryl bromide claim 1 , an aryl chloride claim 1 , and an aryl iodide.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the aryl halide is selected from the group consisting of bromobenzene; 4-bromobenzotrifluoride; 3-bromobenzotrifluoride; 1-bromo-3 claim 4 ,5-difluorobenzene; 4-bromobenzofluoride; 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene; 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene; 4-bromobenzamide; 1-bromo-4-methylbenzene; 1-bromo-4-methoxybenzene; 1- ...

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24-06-2021 дата публикации

Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Microbial Control Methods and Devices

Номер: US20210187143A1
Автор: LEE James D.
Принадлежит: Synexis LLC

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for microbial control of an environment , the method comprising:(a) exposing a metal or metal oxide to ultraviolet light between 187 and 250 nanometers in the presence of a flow of ambient air to form a non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas;(b) directing said non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas into said environment to prepare an environment comprising non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas and an ozone concentration of less than 0.1 parts-per-million (ppm);wherein said microbial control is reduction of a virus, bacterium, or fungus, in said environment.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said microbial control comprises microbial reduction on surfaces in said environment.18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said microbial control is for a period of at least 2 hours.19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said ultraviolet light is provided by one or more Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LED's).20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas is present in said environment at a concentration between 0.005 ppm to 0.10 ppm.21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said ozone concentration in said environment is less than 0.015 ppm.22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said ozone concentration in said environment is below the level of detection.23. A method for microbial control of an environment claim 16 , the method comprising:a. exposing a metal or metal ...

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15-06-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE

Номер: US20170166500A1
Принадлежит:

The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes. 135-. (canceled)36. A composition comprising:2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (244bb) in an amount greater than 95 wt. %; andless than 500 ppm of any halogenated hydrocarbon impurity.37. The composition of claim 36 , comprising 2-chloro-1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,2 tetrafluoropropane (244bb) in an amount greater than 97 wt. %.38. The composition of claim 36 , comprising 2-chloro-1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,2-tetrafluoropropane (244bb) in an amount greater than 99 wt. %.39. The composition of claim 36 , comprising 2-chloro-1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,2-tetrafluoropropane (244bb) in an amount greater than 99.5 wt. %.41. The composition of claim 36 , wherein said impurity is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,2 claim 36 ,2-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245cb) claim 36 , 1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,2-tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254eb) claim 36 , 1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,1 claim 36 ,3-tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254fb) claim 36 , 3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243z1) claim 36 , 2 claim 36 ,3-dichloro-3 claim 36 ,3-difluoropropene (HCFO-1232xf) claim 36 , 2-chloro-3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) claim 36 , 1-chloro-3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) claim 36 , 1 claim 36 ,2-dichloro-3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1223xd) claim 36 , chlorotetrafluoropropenes (HCFO-1224 isomers) claim 36 , 1 claim 36 ,2 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye (cis and trans isomers)) claim 36 , 1 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze (cis and trans isomers)) claim 36 , 3 claim 36 ,3 claim 36 ,3-trifluoropropyne claim ...

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21-05-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS RELATING TO PHOTOCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING

Номер: US20200156041A1
Принадлежит:

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions. 1. A method comprising:engineering a Fermi level of non-polar surfaces of a nanowire to a predetermined value though doping with a predetermined dopant to yield a predetermined surface band bending; wherein the predetermined band bending reduces at least one of a hole depletion and an electron accumulation at a near-surface region of the nanowire.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined surface band bending removes an energy barrier at the non-polar surfaces of the plurality of nanowires allowing oxidation and reduction reactions to occur concurrently on the plurality of nanowires.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound semiconductor is an indium gallium nitride alloy claim 1 , the predetermined dopant is magnesium claim 1 , and the predetermined surface band bending is flat or slightly downward.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound semiconductor is an indium gallium nitride alloy claim 1 , the ...

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30-05-2019 дата публикации

POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20190161578A1
Автор: Pravica Michael
Принадлежит:

Compositions including one or more polymers are provided. Exemplary polymers include polymeric carbon monoxides. The compositions can be prepared by subjecting a source material to x-rays, optionally at increased pressures. The compositions can be used in a variety of applications, such as fuels, optics, and electronics. 1. A method of creating a polymer comprising the steps of:loading a source material into an apparatus;sealing the apparatus;optionally pressurizing the apparatus to a selected pressure; andirradiating the source material in the apparatus with x-rays for an irradiation time, wherein the polymer is created from the source material2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material comprises an oxalate salt.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material comprises oxalate salts and substances that react in the presence of x-rays.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material is a combination of oxalate salts and substances that do not react in the presence of x-rays.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material is a combination of oxalate salts claim 1 , substances that react in the presence of x-rays claim 1 , and substances that do not react in the presence of x-rays.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the substance that reacts in the presence of x-rays comprises KBF.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the substance that does not react in the presence of x-rays comprises BaCO.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxalate salt comprises a cation which is chosen from the group consisting of magnesium claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , barium claim 2 , calcium claim 2 , and strontium.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is a diamond anvil cell or a high volume press.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said selected pressure is in the range of about 0.5 GPa to about 7 GPa.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said x-rays have an irradiation energy in the range of about 7 keV to about 15 keV.12. The method of claim 1 , ...

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25-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING CYCLOALKANONE OXIME

Номер: US20150175531A1
Принадлежит:

A method of producing a cycloalkanone oxime by a photochemical reaction of a cycloalkane with a photo nitrosating agent in a liquid by light irradiation includes irradiating the liquid with a light source configured to emit light satisfying conditions that, in an emission energy distribution with respect to wavelength of light, a wavelength providing a maximum value of emission energy is 550 nm to 700 nm and a continuous wavelength range including the wavelength providing the maximum value and outputting energy of or over 5% of the maximum value is equal to or less than 150 nm, wherein a ratio ηE/V of a light irradiation energy ηE out of electric power E input into the light source to a reaction volume V which is a volume of a space for the photochemical reaction of the cycloalkane with the photo nitrosating agent is equal to or greater than 5.5 w/L. 14-. (canceled)5. A method of producing a cycloalkanone oxime by a photochemical reaction of a cycloalkane with a photo nitrosating agent in a liquid by light irradiation comprising:irradiating the liquid with a light source configured to emit light satisfying conditions that, in an emission energy distribution with respect to wavelength of light, a wavelength providing a maximum value of emission energy is 550 nm to 700 nm and a continuous wavelength range including the wavelength providing the maximum value and outputting energy of or over 5% of the maximum value is equal to or less than 150 nm, whereina ratio ηE/V of a light irradiation energy ηE out of electric power E input into the light source to a reaction volume V which is a volume of a space for the photochemical reaction of the cycloalkane with the photo nitrosating agent is equal to or greater than 5.5 w/L.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the light source is a light emitting diode.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the wavelength providing the maximum value of emission energy is 600 nm to 650 nm.8. The method according to claim 5 , ...

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01-07-2021 дата публикации

Carbon Dioxide Reduction Device

Номер: US20210197166A1
Принадлежит:

Improvement in the efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction reaction is achieved. A gas supply unit having a plurality of pores is established in a lower portion of a reduction chamber, and carbon dioxide is supplied as bubbles into an aqueous solution. This can elevate a concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the aqueous solution without stirring the aqueous solution using a stirring bar, and render the concentration uniform in the aqueous solution. Therefore, the efficiency of reduction reaction of carbon dioxide in a reduction electrode can be improved. 1. A carbon dioxide reduction device which causes reduction reaction in a reduction electrode by applying current to between an oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode , the carbon dioxide reduction device comprising:an oxidation chamber for dipping and disposing the oxidation electrode in an aqueous solution;a reduction chamber for dipping and disposing the reduction electrode in an aqueous solution;a proton exchange membrane disposed between the oxidation chamber and the reduction chamber; anda gas supply unit disposed in a lower portion of the reduction chamber and having a plurality of pores for supplying carbon dioxide as bubbles into the aqueous solution.2. The carbon dioxide reduction device according to claim 1 , whereina surface having the plurality of pores of the gas supply unit is disposed to face upward in the reduction chamber; andthe reduction electrode is disposed such that a reaction surface faces the surface having the plurality of pores.3. The carbon dioxide reduction device according to claim 1 , comprising a power source which applies current to between the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode.4. The carbon dioxide reduction device according to claim 1 , whereinthe oxidation electrode causes oxidation reaction by exerting a catalytic function through light irradiation; andthe carbon dioxide reduction device comprises a light source which irradiates a reaction surface of ...

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11-09-2014 дата публикации

Compositions comprising fibrous polypeptides and polysaccharides

Номер: US20140256641A1

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed.

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29-09-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS FOR DRIVING THE GENERATION OF PRODUCTS USING QUANTUM VACUUM FLUCTUATIONS

Номер: US20220311360A1
Автор: Moddel Garret

Described herein are systems incorporating a Casimir cavity, such as an optical Casimir cavity or a plasmon Casimir cavity. The Casimir cavity modifies the zero-point energy density therein as compared to outside of the Casimir cavity. The Casimir cavities are paired in the disclosed systems with product generating devices and the difference in zero-point energy densities is used to directly drive the generation of products, such as chemical reaction products or emitted light. 1. A system comprising:a device; anda zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure adjoining the device, the zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure providing an asymmetry with respect to the device that drives a flow of energy through the device.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure is a first zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure claim 1 , the system further comprising:a second zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure adjoining the device, the device positioned between the first zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure and the second zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure, and wherein the first zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure and the second zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure have different geometries or comprise different materials.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the zero-point-energy-density-modifying structure comprises a Casimir cavity.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the Casimir cavity is an optical Casimir cavity.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein a cavity layer of the Casimir cavity comprises a solid claim 3 , a liquid claim 3 , a liquid crystal claim 3 , or a conducting medium.6. The system of claim 3 , wherein the Casimir cavity is a plasmon Casimir cavity.7. The system of claim 3 , wherein a cavity layer of the Casimir cavity comprises a multilayer conductor stack.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the device is a product generating device.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein ...

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22-06-2017 дата публикации

PLASMONIC ASSISTED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

Номер: US20170173350A1
Принадлежит:

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent. 1. A method for producing a change in a medium , comprising:(1) placing inside the medium an activatable agent,(2) placing inside the medium a photon emitter which is capable of emitting therefrom at least one of ultraviolet and visible light into the medium to be treated;(2) emitting from said photon emitter said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light at one or more positions inside the medium to be to be treated; and(3) inducing from the light emitted into the medium a photoreactive change inside the medium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said activatable agent is capable of producing a pharmacological claim 1 , cellular claim 1 , chemical claim 1 , electrical claim 1 , or mechanical effect in a medium.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a down converter excited by x-ray or a high energy source.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises an up converter excited by an infrared source.5. Method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a plasmonics agent for enhancing an intensity of the light emitted into the medium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a light needle emitting said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a fiber optic emitting said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light.8. The ...

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02-07-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

Номер: US20150182934A1
Автор: Bourke, JR. Frederic A.
Принадлежит: Immunolight, LLC.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent. 1. A method for curing an adhesive , comprising:disposing in contact with an object an adhesive composition comprising 1) an uncured radiation-curable medium, 2) an energy modulation agent, and 3) a photo-activated photoinitiator, wherein the energy modulation agent is resistant to chemical interaction with the uncured radiation-curable medium;applying energy from at least one of x-rays, gamma rays, or an electron beam into the composition, wherein the energy interacts with the energy modulation agent and internally generates light inside the uncured radiation-curable medium; andactivating the photoinitiator in the radiation-curable medium with the internally generated light and thereby curing the radiation-curable medium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive composition in said disposing step comprises a chemically inert energy modulation agent.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disposing comprises disposing a polymer coated energy modulation agent as the chemically inert energy modulation agent.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disposing comprises disposing a silica coated energy modulation agent as the chemically inert energy modulation agent.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disposing comprises disposing a zeolite-encased energy modulation agent as the chemically inert energy modulation agent.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disposing comprises disposing at least one of a telluride claim 2 , a selenide claim 2 , and an oxide semiconductor as the chemically inert energy ...

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02-07-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE

Номер: US20150183697A1
Принадлежит:

The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes. 135-. (canceled)36. A method for removing one or more impurities from a composition containing 2-chloro-1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoropropane comprising:subjecting said composition to photochlorination; andobtaining substantially pure 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane.37. The method of wherein said photochlorination comprises reacting the impurities with chlorine (Cl) in the presence of electromagnetic radiation.38. The method of wherein the electromagnetic radiation is in the ultraviolet light spectrum.39. The method of wherein the photochlorination is carried out in the gas phase or the liquid phase.40. The method of wherein at least a portion of the photochlorination is carried out at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 50° C.41. The method of wherein the obtaining step comprises extraction.42. The method of wherein said extraction comprises distillation using one or more distillation columns.43. The method of wherein at least a portion of the distillation is performed at a pressure selected from the group consisting of atmospheric pressure claim 42 , super-atmospheric pressure and under vacuum.44. The method of wherein the pressure is less than about 300 psig.45. The method of wherein at least a portion of the distillation is conducted at a temperature from about −10° C. to about 90° C.46. The method of wherein the extraction comprises liquid-liquid extraction.47. A method for removing one or more impurities from a 2-chloro-1 claim 41 ,1 claim 41 ,1 claim 41 ,2-tetrafluoropropane feed comprising:subjecting said 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane feed to a purification process comprising hydrogenation process to produce a substantially pure 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane feed.48. The ...

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28-06-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF HYDRATES IN FLUIDS CONTAINING GAS OR GAS CONDENSATE

Номер: US20180178185A1
Принадлежит: ENI S.P.A.

Process for preventing the formation of hydrates in fluids containing gas or gas condensate, which comprises subjecting said fluids to electromagnetic waves operating in the visible and infrared spectrum region, comprised in the λ band from equal to greater than 500 nm to less than 1 mm (from greater than 300 GHz to less than or equal to 600 THz), reducing or preventing the formation of hydrates. 1. A process for preventing the formation of hydrates in a fluid comprising a gas or a gas condensate , the process comprising subjecting a fluid comprising a gas or a gas condensate to electromagnetic waves , thereby preventing the formation of crystalline bonds responsible for the formation of hydrates , wherein the electromagnetic waves operate within the visible and infrared spectrum region included in the λ band from 500 nm or higher to lower than 1 mm.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic waves are within the λ band from 700 nm to 0.1 mm.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic waves are within the λ band from 700 nm to 6 μm.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprising a gas or a gas condensate further comprises a chemical hydrate-inhibitor additive.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the chemical hydrate-inhibitor additive is a thermodynamic and/or kinetic inhibitor and/or an anti-agglomerant agent.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic waves are emitted by one or more irradiation stations which comprise an electromagnetic source electrically fed by an umbilical system.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the one or more irradiation stations are positioned:along a pipeline transporting and/or treating the fluid comprising a gas or a gas condensate;in a sealine or a riser of an off-shore plant used for transporting gases/gas condensates;upstream and downstream of a choke valve;in any point of a liquefaction or compression plant of methane for ...

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09-07-2015 дата публикации

NANOSTRUCTURES HAVING CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS PHASES

Номер: US20150190785A1
Автор: Chen Xiaobo, Mao Samuel S.

The present invention includes a nanostructure, a method of making thereof, and a method of photocatalysis. In one embodiment, the nanostructure includes a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase in contact with the crystalline phase. Each of the crystalline and amorphous phases has at least one dimension on a nanometer scale. In another embodiment, the nanostructure includes a nanoparticle comprising a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase. The amorphous phase is in a selected amount. In another embodiment, the nanostructure includes crystalline titanium dioxide and amorphous titanium dioxide in contact with the crystalline titanium dioxide. Each of the crystalline and amorphous titanium dioxide has at least one dimension on a nanometer scale. 1. A method of making a nanostructure comprising:{'sub': '2', 'providing a titanium dioxide (TiO) crystalline core; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'changing a portion of the TiOcrystalline core to a TiOamorphous outer most shell in contact with and completely surrounding the crystalline core, wherein the TiOamorphous outer most shell further comprises a hydrogen dopant and has a composition different than the TiOcrystalline core.'}2. The method of further comprising synthesizing the TiOcrystalline core.3. The method of wherein synthesizing the TiOcrystalline core comprises:providing a precursor; and{'sub': '2', 'processing the precursor to produce the TiOcrystalline core.'}4. The method of wherein the precursor is selected from the group consisting of a gas claim 3 , a liquid claim 3 , a solution claim 3 , a gel claim 3 , and a solid.5. The method of wherein processing the precursor comprises a technique selected from the group consisting of a solution chemistry technique claim 3 , a sol-gel technique claim 3 , a hydrothermal technique claim 3 , a solvothermal technique claim 3 , a thermal technique claim 3 , an electrochemistry technique claim 3 , a chemical vapor deposition technique claim 3 , and a physical vapor ...

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16-07-2015 дата публикации

X-RAY TARGETED BOND OR COMPOUND DESTRUCTION

Номер: US20150196777A1
Автор: Pravica, SR. Michael G.

This document provides methods, systems, and devices for inducing a decomposition reaction by directing x-rays towards a location including a particular compound. The x-rays can have an irradiation energy that corresponds to a bond distance of a bond in the particular compound in order to break that bond and induce a decomposition of that particular compound. In some cases, the particular compound is a hazardous substance or part of a hazardous substance. In some cases, the particular compound is delivered to a desired location in an organism and x-rays induce a decomposition reaction that creates a therapeutic substance (e.g., a toxin that kills cancer cells) in the location of the organism. In some cases, the particular compound decomposes to produce a reactant in a reactor apparatus (e.g., fuel cell or semiconductor fabricator). 1. A method of destroying a hazardous substance comprising:a. identifying a location that potentially comprises a hazardous substance, said hazardous substance comprising at least one bond having a bond distance; andb. directing x-rays towards said location, the x-rays having an irradiation energy that corresponds to said bond distance in order to induce a decomposition of said hazardous substance by breaking said at least one bond.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said x-rays have an irradiation energy of at least 7 keV.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said x-rays have an irradiation energy of between 7 keV and 80 keV.4. The method of claim 1 , said x-rays have an irradiation energy that is equal to hc/λ claim 1 , wherein h is the Planck constant claim 1 , c is the speed of light claim 1 , and 2λ is the bond distance or some integral multiple thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said directing of x-rays towards said location does not heat the location by more than 50° C.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said directing of x-rays towards said location does not heat the location by more than 5° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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16-07-2015 дата публикации

CHALCOGENIDE GLASS-CERAMICS WITH PHOTOELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF

Номер: US20150196898A1
Принадлежит:

Chalcogenide glass-ceramic having, for example, the following composition GeSe—SbSe—CuI, this glass-ceramic comprising at least one crystalline phase, characterised in that the crystallisation rate and the dimensions of the crystals in the crystalline phase are such that the crystals are substantially in contact with each other in such a way that this crystalline phase has an electrical conductivity greater than or equal to 10s·cmwhich increases under lighting due to the creation of charge carriers within the crystalline phase. 2. Glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , characterised in that the composition thereof is of the type GeSe—SbSe—CuI claim 1 , SnSe—SbSe—CuI claim 1 , PbSe—SbSe—CuI claim 1 , GeSe—AsSe—CuI claim 1 , GeSe—InSe—CuI claim 1 , GeSe—BiSe—CuI claim 1 , GeTe—SbSe—CuI claim 1 , GeSe—SbSe—CuCl or GeSe—SbSe—CuBr.413. Glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , characterised in that the composition thereof is free from one or a plurality of the following elements: Ga claim 1 , S claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , and La.6. Glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , characterised in that the crystalline phase is p type claim 1 , n type or p and n type.7. Glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , characterised in that the crystallisation rate of the crystalline phase is greater than 50% claim 1 , preferably greater than 70% claim 1 , and more preferentially greater than or equal to 80% claim 1 , in volume.9. Method according to claim 8 , characterised in that it comprises one or a plurality of the following additional steps:i) selective chemical etching of the glass-ceramic with a view to increasing the specific surface area thereof; andii) grinding of the glass-ceramic to increase the specific surface area thereof.10. Method according to claim 8 , characterised in that the duration of the heat treatment is between 1 and 10 hours and preferably between 3 and 6 hours claim 8 , and/or the temperature of the heat treatment is ...

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16-07-2015 дата публикации

PHOTOCATALYST FOR WATER SPLITTING COMPRISING GALLIUM SELENIDE AND PHOTOELECTRODE FOR WATER SPLITTING COMPRISING THE SAME

Номер: US20150196901A1
Принадлежит:

Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an Ag—Ga selenide, or both thereof. 18-. (canceled)9. A method of splitting water , comprising using a photocatalyst , comprising:a Ga selenide, an Ag—Ga selenide, or both thereof,{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein said Ga selenide is selected from the group consisting of GaSe, GaSeand a combination thereof.'}10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said Ga selenide is GaSe.11. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said Ag—Ga selenide is selected from the group consisting of AgGaSe claim 9 , AgGaSeand a combination thereof.12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said Ag—Ga selenide is AgGaSe.13. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said Ga selenide is GaSeand said Ag—Ga selenide is AgGaSe.14. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said photocatalyst further comprises at least one of Rh and Pt supported thereon.15. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said photocatalyst comprises both a Ga selenide and an Ag—Ga selenide.16. A method of splitting water claim 9 , comprising using a photoelectrode comprising a substrate claim 9 , an electrically conductive layer formed on said substrate claim 9 , and a photocatalyst layer formed on said electrically conductive layer and consisting of a photocatalyst claim 9 , wherein said photocatalyst comprises a Ga selenide claim 9 , an Ag—Ga selenide claim 9 , or bother thereof claim 9 , wherein said Ga selenide is selected from the group consisting of GaSe claim 9 , GaSeand a combination thereof. The present invention relates to a photocatalyst for water splitting, more specifically, a photocatalyst for water splitting using energy such as sunlight to produce hydrogen, and a photoelectrode for water splitting comprising the same.Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a ...

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30-07-2015 дата публикации

PREPARATION OF SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL DISULPHIDES BY REACTIVE DISTILLATION OF MIXTURES OF DISULPHIDES

Номер: US20150210638A1
Автор: Fremy Georges
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of symmetrical or asymmetrical dialkyl disulphides by involving at least one mixture of symmetrical and/or asymmetrical dialkyl disulphides in a basic and/or photochemical catalytic reaction, with joint extraction, preferably continuously, of the symmetrical and/or asymmetrical disulphide(s) which it is desired to obtain. 1. A process for preparing symmetrical or asymmetrical dialkyl disulphides , the process comprising at least the following stages:{'sub': 'n', 'claim-text': R and R′, which are identical or different, represent, each independently of one another, a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and optionally one or more unsaturations in the form of double and/or triple bond(s); and', 'n represents 2,, 'a) introducing, into a reactor, at least one mixture of at least two organic disulphides of general formula (1): R—S—R′, in whichb) carrying out a basic and/or photochemical catalytic reaction, during which the organic disulphides of formula (1) are converted, by reproportionation and by disproportionation, into a mixture of symmetrical and/or asymmetrical dialkyl disulphides,c) extracting the symmetrical and/or asymmetrical dialkyl disulphide(s) desired.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a basic catalyst is used in stage b) which is a homogeneous or heterogeneous and supported or non-supported catalyst.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the basic catalyst is selected from the group consisting of amines claim 2 , alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides claim 2 , metal oxides claim 2 , anion-exchange resins and mixtures thereof.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the basic catalyst is a catalyst on a solid support impregnated with at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide or with a metal oxide claim 2 , the solid support being selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 2 , silica claim 2 , zeolites claim ...

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29-07-2021 дата публикации

SOLAR RECEIVER-REACTOR

Номер: US20210229988A1
Принадлежит: SYNHELION SA

The invention relates to a method for producing syngas by means of solar radiation, in which the reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided in the same for solar radiation by means of the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas, wherein the sunlight is guided through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as a reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material, and wherein a gas that absorbs the black-body radiation of the absorber is guided through the absorption chamber and the absorption chamber is configured so that the back radiation of the absorber through the aperture is essentially absorbed by the gas. Radiation losses caused by back radiation of the black-body radiation exiting the optical aperture are thus avoided in accordance with the invention. The heat of the back radiation, however, can be utilized directly in the heat-transporting fluid and is available for a flexible usage. The receiver-reactor has a simple design and is suitable as a low-cost receiver-reactor. 1. A method for producing syngas using solar radiation , in which a reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided therein for solar radiation using the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature (T) for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature (T) for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas , comprising:guiding sunlight through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as the reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material; andguiding a gas that absorbs black-body radiation of the absorber through the absorption chamber, wherein an absorption area is configured so that 80% or more of the black-body radiation of the absorber present on a path to the aperture is absorbed.2. The method for ...

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