ЕМКОСТЬ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ И (ИЛИ ) ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЯ И (ИЛИ) ДЕГАЗАЦИИ ПОРОШКОВОГО ПОЛИМЕРА

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a container for storing or moving or degassing a powdered polymer. The powdered polymer container includes a bin, having a main vertical cylinder and a hopper in the lower part of the cylinder, such that the powdered polymer occupies the entire volume of the hopper and part of the volume of the cylinder, a powdered polymer inlet pipe of the bin, which is connected to the bin at a level higher than the powdered polymer, in the upper part of the bin, and a powdered polymer outlet pipe of the hopper connected to the hopper in its lower part. The powdered polymer outlet pipe of the hopper is also connected to the bin at a point higher than the powdered polymer for recuperating part of the powdered polymer into the bin. EFFECT: invention provides easy operation of the container. 16 cl, 2 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (11) (13) 2 545 275 C2 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012134511/05, 24.12.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 24.12.2010 (72) Автор(ы): Жан-Луи ШАМАЙУ (FR), Кевин Питер РАМСЕЙ (GB) 13.01.2010 EP 10150650.9 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.02.2014 Бюл. № 5 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ИНЕОС КОММЕРШИАЛ СЕРВИСИЗ ЮК ЛИМИТЕД (GB) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (45) Опубликовано: 27.03.2015 Бюл. № 9 A, 18.11.1997. RU 2141373 C1, 20.11.1999. RU 2031906 C1, 27.03.1995. EA 7457 B1, 27.10.2006. US 5478922 A, 27.02.2004 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 13.08.2012 2 5 4 5 2 7 5 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5292863 A, 08.03.1994. US 5688910 2 5 4 5 2 7 5 R U EP 2010/070727 (24.12.2010) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2011/085937 (21.07.2011) Адрес для переписки: 105082, Москва, Спартаковский пер., д. 2, стр. 1, секция 1, этаж 3, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ" (54) ЕМКОСТЬ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ И (ИЛИ ) ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЯ И (ИЛИ) ...

РАСШИРЯЕМОЕ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Группа изобретений относится к расширяемому центральному устройству для реактора, реактору и способу установки расширяемого центрального устройства в реакторе. Расширяемое центральное устройство содержит расширяющуюся трубу, центральную опору внутри расширяющейся трубы и три или более пружинных элементов, прикрепленных к центральной опоре и проходящих дугообразно наружу к расширяющейся трубе. При этом расширяющаяся труба образована из задних концов пружинных элементов, проходящих по спирали вокруг друг друга и перекрывающих друг друга, и является отдельной по отношению к пружинным элементам, а пружинные элементы прижимаются снаружи к расширяющейся трубе, и расширяющаяся труба содержит лист, намотанный множество раз для формирования окружной периферии трубы. Реактор содержит наружную трубу, расширяющуюся трубу внутри наружной трубы, расширяемый носитель катализатора, занимающий кольцевое пространство между расширяющейся трубой и наружной трубой, и три или более изогнутых упругих пружинных ...

МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫЙ ТРУБЧАТЫЙ РЕАКТОР С ВНУТРЕННИМ ЛОТКОМ

Изобретение относится к реакторам поликонденсации, которые используются для получения сложных полиэфиров в расплаве. Реактор включает горизонтально вытянутый сегмент, содержащий вытянутый трубчатый элемент и лоток, расположенный внутри трубчатого элемента, причем лоток простирается вдоль половины длины трубчатого элемента и разделяет его внутреннюю область на верхнюю и нижнюю камеры, сегмент реактора определяет проход внутреннего течения возле одного конца сегмента реактора для обеспечения проточного сообщения между верхней и нижней камерами. Способ включает осуществление химической реакции в реакционной среде в реакторе, где реакционная среда протекает в одном направлении по лотку и, в общем, в противоположном направлении по дну трубчатого элемента и где реакционная среда включает сырье для поликонденсации, содержащее ПЭТ, имеющий среднюю длину цепи в диапазоне от 5 до 50. Изобретение обеспечивает высокоэффективное производство полиэфира и позволяет снизить производственные затраты. 2 ...

РЕАКТОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО С ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫМ НАГРЕВАНИЕМ И РАЗДЕЛЕНИЕМ ФАЗ

Группа изобретений относится к способу и устройству для этерификации и поликонденсации применяемых для производства сложных полиэфиров из расплавленной фазы. Способ получения сложного полиэфира включает нагревание первоначальной реакционной среды, протекающей в верхнем направлении через теплообменник, чтобы получить нагретую реакционную среду, и выведение паров из нагретой реакционной среды в вытянутый в горизонтальном направлении разделительный резервуар, чтобы получить преимущественно жидкий продукт. При этом по меньшей мере часть паров, являющихся побочным продуктом химической реакции, выводится в теплообменнике и/или в разделительном резервуаре. Разделительный резервуар имеет отношение длины к диаметру (L:D) в интервале от 1,25:1 до 8:1 и непосредственным образом соединен с теплообменником. Реакторное устройство для этерификации и поликонденсации содержит вертикальный теплообменник и горизонтально-расположенный разделительный резервуар. Теплообменник имеет впускное отверстие и выпускное ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ДЕПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

... 1. Способ регенерации мономерных сложных эфиров замещенной или незамещенной акриловой кислоты, мономерного стирола и/или мономерных производных стирола из содержащего соответствующие структурные единицы полимерного материала, причем осуществляют контакт полимерного материала с теплоносителем в обогреваемом реакторе (1; 51), теплоноситель и полимерный материал в реакторе (1; 51) приводят в движение и образующийся в реакторе (1; 51), содержащий мономер газ выводят из реактора (1; 51), причем теплоноситель состоит из множества сферических частиц (67), прежде всего обладающих диаметром от 0,075 до 0,25 мм. 2. Способ по п.1, причем полимерный материал содержит акриловые соединения и средняя температура частиц (67) теплоносителя в реакторе (1; 51) составляет от 250 до 600°С. 3. Способ по п.1, причем реактор (1; 51) имеет электрообогрев. 4. Способ по одному из пп.1-3, причем сферические частицы (67) выполнены из материала, не участвующего в протекающих при регенерации мономера реакциях. 5. Способ ...

СЕПАРАТОР С ВСТРОЕННЫМИ РАЗРЫВНЫМИ МЕМБРАНАМИ ДЛЯ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ КОМПОНЕНТОВ РЕАКЦИОННОЙ СМЕСИ, ПОЛУЧЕННОЙ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ПОД ВЫСОКИМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ ЭТИЛЕННЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYOLEFINEN IN EINEM AUTOCLAVREAKTOR

VERFAHREN ZUM WIEDERHERSTELLEN DER FUNKTIONALITÄT VON STARK KORRODIERTER AUSRÜSTUNG EINER HARNSTOFF-FABRIKATIONSANLAGE

Brennstoffpatrone mit Reaktionskammer

Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst die Schritte: Einleiten eines Eduktgases, welches C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst, in einen Reaktor; Kontaktieren des Eduktgases mit einem Katalysator, wobei ein Produktgas erhalten wird, welches aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, Wasserstoff und nicht umgesetzte C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst; Abtrennen der aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe von dem Produktgas, wobei ein Abgas erhalten wird, welches Wasserstoff und nicht umgesetzte C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst. Das Kontaktieren des Eduktgases mit einem Katalysator geschieht in einem Reaktor, welcher zumindest teilweise elektrisch beheizt wird und zumindest ein Teil des Abgases wird vorzugsweise in einer Verbrennungsmaschine eines Generators unter Erzeugung elektrischer Energie verbrannt. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin einen Reaktor zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und ein System zur gekoppelten Herstellung von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen ...

HYDROGENIERUNG VON LANGKETTIGEN OLEFINISCHEN OELEN MIT EINEM RANEY-KATALYSATOR.

REAKTOR ZUR OXIDATION VON ALKYLAROMATEN MIT SAUERSTOFFHALTIGEN GASEN IN FLUESSIGER PHASE

Polymerization reactor comprises an externally heated container with connections for the product to be polymerized, and a rotating shaft with annular plates which interact with separating walls

Polymerization reactor comprises an externally heated container (1) with connections (2, 3) for the product to be polymerized, and a rotating shaft (4) with annular plates (5) which interact with separating walls (6) delimited by openings (7) arranged above the shaft. The upper edges of the separating walls are dimensioned in a first section of the reaction path with increasing height from a first separating wall (6') extending up to the shaft to form a first falling cascade (I) and a second rising cascade (II).

ETHYLENE POLYMERISATION

... 1276917 Polymerizing ethylene EASTMAN KODAK CO 25 Sept 1969 [26 Sept 1968] 47268/69 Heading C3P Polyethylene is prepared by polymerizing at pressures of at least 1100 atmospheres an ethylene feed-stock containing 0À15 to 0À40 weight per cent n-heptane and 0À15 to 0À40 volume per cent of impurities,in a reactorhaving top, middle and bottom reaction zones, (a) the feedstock being introduced at 20 to 90‹ C. into the upper portion of the top zone and polymerized at 150‹ to 175‹ C. using diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate as initiator, (b) the reaction mixture being passed to the middle zone and polymerized at 175‹ to 210‹ C. using a peroxide initiator with a halflife of 0À05 to 4 sees. at 175‹ to 210‹ C., and (c) the reaction mixture being passed to the bottom zone and polymerized at 200‹ to 285‹ C. using di-t.-butyl peroxide as initiator. All zones of the reactor may have stirring means. The initiator used in the middle zone may be t.-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t.-butyl peroxycrotonate, decanoyl ...

FORMING SOLUTIONS

Device for inducing nucleation

Described is a device for inducing crystal nucleation in a crystalliser. The device comprises a vessel for fluid and a surface abrader, wherein the surface abrader is configured to abrade a surface within the vessel to induce crystal nucleation. The friction of the abrader against the surface within the vessel creates nano-sized particulates which induce crystal nucleation. Crystal growth can then take place in the crystalliser. Also described is a crystallisation apparatus comprising the device and a crystallisation process using the device or similar. The device is significantly cheaper and more reliable than known ultrasound devices and facilitates the separation of crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The device also enables the avoidance of the use of seeding as a source of secondary nucleation.

PROCESSING DIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OIL

PROCESSING DIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OIL

PROCESSING DIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OIL

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYESTERS AND BUT APTITUDE BULL'S EYE/TARGET REACTOR

POLYMERIZATION AUTOCLAVE

POLYMERISATIONSAUTOKLAV

RADIAL MIXING APPARATUSES FOR BENT ROTATION REACTORS

PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF POLYESTER PARTICLES AND PROCEDURE FOR THE MULTI-LEVEL FIXED PHASE POLYCONDENSATION OF POLYESTER PARTICLES

PROCEDURE AND SYSTEMS FOR THE DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATION

FLUIDIZED BED DEVICE MODULE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF A FIRST MODULE AGAINST A SECOND MODULE IN FLUIDIZED BED DEVICES

REACTOR WITH TWO OR SEVERAL FROM EACH OTHER SEPARATIONS REACTION AREAS

PROCEDURE FOR THE VERESTERUNG WITH A HEAT EXCHANGER

REACTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF C2BIS C8OLEFINEN FROM ONE OXYGENAT, WATER VAPOUR AND ONE OR MORE HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING MATERIAL FLOW

PROCEDURE FOR THE MULTI-LEVEL FIXED PHASE POLYCONDENSATION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

DRUCKBEHALTER FUR OF ALKALI METALS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE

FORMING SOLUTIONS

Procedure for the execution of material and/or heat exchange procedures between gases and liquids

DÜNNSCHICHTBEHANDLUNGSAPPARAT

The invention relates to a thin film treatment apparatus (8) comprising a rotor (16) having at least one cylindrical section (26), at least one wiping blade (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41) being arranged on said cylindrical section, said wiping blade comprising at least two teeth (42, 43, 44, 42', 43', 44'), said teeth being spaced apart from each other, thereby forming a gap, which is characterized in that the average ratio V between the length L of one tooth (41) and the length G of the gap being located adjacent to the tooth is more than 2:1, respectively.

PROCEDURE FOR THE LEACHING OF CELEBRATIONS COMPONENTS FROM MUD

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT OF HEAVY METALS ABSTENTION GROUND MATERIAL

OXIDATION REACTOR IN THE FLÜSSIGPHASE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE MATERIALVERARBEITUNG

AUTOCLAVE WITH SEVERAL ZONES

DEVICE FOR LEACHING OUT SOLIDS FROM MUD

Reactors, reactor assemblies, and production processes

Treatment of ruminant exhalations

An apparatus comprising a device suitable for retention in a nasal passage of a ruminant, the device is arranged to pass a ruminant exhalation. The device includes a first structure configured to oxidize methane gas in the ruminant exhalation and to pass products of the oxidized methane gas toward a nasal passage exit.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION

An apparatus for carrying out wet chemical reactions under pressure

HYDROGENATION OF TRIGLYCERIDE VEGETABLE OILS IN PRESENCE OF RANEY CATALYST AND NICKEL ALLOY

CONDENSATION REDUCTION IN FLUID MAXING

Method and apparatus are disclosed for mixing fluid streams of different compositions (19) (22) to minimize fluid condensation inside a mixing vessel (10) where the objective is to produce an all-vapor mixture product (34).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UPGRADING BITUMINOUS MATERIAL

The present invention consists of an improved method and apparatus to upgrade bitumen in various forms which comprises four main components; namely, a fractionator equipped with a condenser, a heavy gas oil catalytic treater, a catalyst regenerator/gasifier and a gas cleanup assembly. In operation, the bitumen in liquid form is fed to the fractionator for initial separation of fractions with the bulk of the bitumen leaving the bottom of the fractionator in the form of a heavy gas oil which is pumped to the catalytic treater and sprayed on a hot catalyst to crack the heavy gas oil (an endothermic reaction) to release lighter hydrocarbons in the form of H2 rich volatile matter while depositing carbon on the catalyst. The volatile matter from the treater is directed to the fractionator where the condensable fractions are separated from the non-condensable H2 rich gas, a valuable primary gas. The carbon containing catalyst from the treater is recycled to the regenerator/ gasifier, and the catalyst ...

RADIAL FLOW REACTOR WITH MOVABLE SUPPORTS

A radial flow reactor vessel is disclosed for use in gas purification, separation or reaction processes and most suitably used in prepurification processes. The reactor has internal baskets for confining a bed of active material. The baskets are rigidly supported at both the top and bottom ends of the reactor and have walls that are axially flexible and radially rigid. The vessel has multiple movable support columns designed to facilitate pre-stressing of the baskets to offset axial compressive loads induced from thermal cycling.

HIGH PRESSURE STRIPPERS FOR USE IN UREA PLANTS

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper comprises a shell, a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell, and a heating fluid distributor for homogenizing the flow of a heating fluid near a heating fluid inlet. The heating fluid distributor comprises an edge wall and a heating fluid distribution plate which is disposed parallel to the lateral cross sections. Related systems, methods, and uses are also provided.

VAPOR PHASE REACTOR OFF-GAS RECYCLE SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE VAPOR STATE POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERS

An essentially total reactor off-gas recycle process essentially isobaric in nature is herein disclosed for use in polymerizations wherein a polymerizable monomer or a mixture thereof is polymerized in a vapor state polymerization process using a stirred-bed, quench-cooled, horizontal reactor.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DECOMPOSING CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS ALUMINUM NITRITE SOLUTIONS

OIL SAND PROCESSING APPARATUS AND CONTROL SYSTEM

An apparatus for processing oil sand to produce a liquid stream comprising water and bitumen and a solid stream comprising solid particles, and a method and control system for controlling the apparatus. The apparatus includes a drum having first and second ends, a conditioning zone adjacent the first end, a compressing zone adjacent the second end and a processing zone therebetween. A rotatable spiral trough, having lifting members therein, extends through each zone for imparting a spiral rolling motion to the oil sand. An oil sand inlet communicates with the conditioning zone, while a water inlet communicates with the processing zone. A liquid stream outlet is located at the first end of the drum, while a solid stream outlet is located adjacent the second end. Preferably, the spiral trough has a width through the compressing zone less than through the processing zone and a height through at least a portion of the compressing zone greater than through the processing and conditioning zones ...

OIL SAND PROCESSING APPARATUS CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD

A control system for an oil sand processing apparatus and a method for controlling the apparatus. The apparatus includes a rotatable drum, an oil sand feed mechanism, a drive mechanism for rotating the drum, a first drum support and a second drum support. The control system includes a first drum load sensor associated with the first drum support for sensing a first drum load, a second drum load sensor associated with the second drum support for sensing a second drum load and an oil sand feedrate sensor associated with the oil sand feed mechanism for sensing a feedrate of the oil sand feed mechanism. A controller is provided for controlling a rotation speed of the drum and a feedrate of the oil sand feed mechanism in response to input data from the first drum load sensor, the second drum load sensor and the oil sand feedrate sensor.

FUEL CARTRIDGE AND REACTION CHAMBER

A fuel cartridge in accordance with one of the present inventions includes a fuel reservoir (102), a reaction chamber (104), and a passive structure (128, 130) adapted to resist fluid flow from the fuel reservoir (102) to the reaction chamber (104). A reaction chamber in accordance with one of the present inventions includes an external housing (178), defining a first reactant inlet (179), a liquid outlet (181) and a gas outlet (194), and a substantially gas permeable/substantially liquid impermeable structure (182) that separates the first reactant inlet (179) and the liquid outlet (181) from the gas outlet (194).

OXIDATION PROCESS

A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme.

OIL SAND PROCESSING APPARATUS

An apparatus for processing oil sand to produce a liquid stream comprising water and bitumen and a solid stream comprising solid particles. The apparatus includes a drum having first and second ends, a conditioning zone adjacent the first end, a compressing zone adjacent the second end and a processing zone therebetween. A rotatable spiral trough, having lifting members therein, extends through each zone for imparting a spiral rolling motion to the oil sand. An oil sand inlet communicates with the conditioning zone, while a water inlet communicates with the processing zone. A liquid stream outlet is located at the first end of the drum, while a solid stream outlet is located adjacent the second end. Preferably, the height of the spiral trough through at least a portion of the compressing zone is greater than the height of the spiral trough through both the processing zone and the conditioning zone.

METHOD

This invention relates to a method for the production of particulate carbon products in a reactor vessel wherein gas flow between a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port suspends a bed of catalyst-containing particulate material in said vessel and wherein the product is discharged from said vessel by falling from the bed.

PROCESSING DIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OIL

There is disclosed a system and method for processing diesel fuel from petroleum-based waste oil on a small scale compared to conventional methods for re-refining waste oil to a valuable product. In an embodiment, the method comprises dehydrating waste oil to remove water from the waste oil, and operating a vertical cylindrical reactor to induce pyrolysis of the dehydrated waste oil and convert it into a hydrocarbon vapour phase. The hydrocarbon vapour derived from pyrolysis is condensed and distilled using a distillation tower to produce diesel fuel, heavy liquid hydrocarbon, light liquid hydrocarbon and light hydrocarbon vapour. A filtering step cleans the processed diesel fuel to obtain a clean diesel fuel product.

RADIAL MIXING DEVICES FOR ROTATING INCLINED REACTORS

Disclosed in this specification is the design for an internal mixing devi ce which increases the plug flow like behaviour of the rotating inclined rea ctor.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATING EXHAUST GASES

The present invention, in some embodiments, provides catalyst modules and/or catalytic reactors having increased effective catalyst cross-sectional areas. In some embodiments, a catalyst module comprises a fluid stream inlet side comprising a plurality of first catalyst bodies and a plurality of first ducts and a fluid stream outlet side comprising a plurality of second catalyst bodies and a plurality of second ducts, wherein the first ducts are a fluid stream inlet to the second catalyst bodies and the second ducts are a fluid stream outlet for the first catalyst bodies.

POLYMERIZATION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING VINYL CHLORIDE TYPE POLYMER BY USING THE SAME

A polymerization apparatus used, particularly, in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, comprising a polymerization vessel (1) having a substantially cylindrical inner space, said inner space of said polymerization vessel being provided with a plurality of baffles (5) comprising vertically extending pipes, and serpentine pipelines (6) each of which is placed between two adjacent baffles and is extended in a serpentine fashion along the polymerization vessel inner wall from the lower part to the upper part of the polymerization vessel, and a refrigerant being passed through said baffles and said serpentine pipelines. High-cooling performance can be obtained, a high-speed reaction in a large-sized polymerization vessel becomes possible, and a stable polymerization reaction can be carried out. A high-quality and uniform polymer that has few fish eyes and has a high bulk specific gravity can be obtained.

PRESSURE-TIGHT VESSEL FOR CYCLIC THERMAL HANDLING

A pressure-tight vessel subjected to severe thermal cycling through a temperature range including temperatures up to in excess of approximately 700.degree.F. Unlike conventional pressure-tight vessels that are constructed of plates arranged horizontally, the vessel is built of plates that are greater than sixteen feet high. As a result, there are no circumferential seams in a critical area of the cylindrical section of the vessel, providing superior durability.

Autoklav mit Rührwerk.

Anlage mit liegendem Autoklav.

Dispositif pour la mise en contact intime d'une poudre et d'un gaz.

Druckanlage für Einrichtungen zur Harnstoff-Synthese

Einrichtung zur Drucksynthese von Harnstoff

Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Lösungsviskosität von Polyamiden

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Melamin

Verfahren zur Durchführung von Prozessen unter hohem Druck und bei grossem zeitlichem und/oder örtlichem Temperaturgradient sowie Autoklav zur Ausübung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Druck belastbaren Gefässen

Pulsed plate column for mass transfer/heat exchange

Countercurrent mass transfer is effected in column between liquid and gas streams, the column having a number of sieve trays and having pulsed feed.

Procédé de préparation en masse de résines polymères et copolymères à base de chlorure de vinyle et de hautes densités

Process for the continuous polymerisation of lactams

REACTOR FOR THE CONTINUOUS EXECUTION OF POLYMERIZATIONS IN VERY VISCOUS MEDIA.

POLYMERIZATION AUTOCLAVE.

IMPROVED METHOD FOR UREA SYNTHESIS AND DEVICE FOR ITS REALIZATION

SYSTEM OF EXTRACTING CATALYST, DEVICE FOR REACTION OF SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCARBONS, REACTION SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCARBONS AND METHOD OF EXTRACTING CATALYST

otparnoe device and method of isolating by means of stripping water steam with application of this device

METHOD, DEVICE AND DEVICE APPLICATION FOR PREPARING POLYMER

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИЭТИЛЕНТЕРЕФТАЛАТА И МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫЙ ТРУБЧАТЫЙ РЕАКТОР С ВНУТРЕННИМ ЛОТКОМ ДЛЯ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Многоуровневый трубчатый реактор, способный облегчать химическую реакцию в реакционной среде, протекающей через него. Данный трубчатый реактор может включать горизонтально вытянутый сегмент реактора, содержащий лоток, который разделяет внутренний объем сегмента реактора на верхнюю и нижнюю камеры. Реакционная среда может протекать через верхнюю и нижнюю камеры, в основном, в противоположных направлениях.

РАДИАЛЬНЫЕ ПЕРЕМЕШИВАЮЩИЕ УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ ВРАЩАЮЩИХСЯ НАКЛОННЫХ РЕАКТОРОВ

В описании раскрыта конструкция внутреннего перемешивающего устройства, которое улучшает постоянное распределение потока по сечению для вращающегося наклонного реактора.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОЛИМЕРА СЛОЖНОГО ПОЛИЭФИРА, СПОСОБ ПОЛИКОНДЕНСАЦИИ И РЕАКТОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Реакторное устройство способно функционировать таким образом, что оно способствует химической реакции в реакционной среде, протекающей через него. Реакторное устройство содержит теплообменник для нагрева реакционной среды и разделительный резервуар для удаления пара из нагретой реакционной среды.

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ СЛОЖНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРОВ В ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗЕ

Способ непрерывной полимеризации сложного полиэфира в твердой фазе с целью увеличения молекулярной массы, оцениваемой по увеличению характеристической вязкости IV сложного полиэфира, где предусмотрено применение, по меньшей мере, реактора (15), указанный реактор (15) является цилиндрическим, вращающимся вокруг своей центральной оси (S), по существу горизонтальным, слегка наклоненным так, чтобы обеспечить полимеризацию гранул сложного полиэфира, проходящих через указанный реактор под действием силы тяжести благодаря наклону и вращению указанного реактора (15), внутри указанного реактора создается поток продувочного газа, имеющий то же самое или противоположное направление по отношению к потоку гранул сложного полиэфира.

СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

... 1. Способ обработки материалов, включающий пропускание обрабатываемого материала по проточному тракту через кольцевой технологический канал между двумя близко расположенными гладкими поверхностями соответствующих цилиндрических элементов устройства, по меньшей мере один из которых вращается относительно другого, причем материал образует пограничные слои у обеих поверхностей, радиальное расстояние между двумя указанными поверхностями не превышает радиальные толщины двух пограничных слоев, расположенных вплотную друг к другу, и чистота обработки поверхностей такова, что в технологическом канале предотвращено образование вихрей Тейлора. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором цилиндрические элементы устройства вращаются относительно друг друга вокруг соответствующих продольных осей, совпадающих друг с другом, так что радиальное расстояние между указанными поверхностями по окружности является постоянным. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором элементы устройства приводят в движение с созданием между их рабочими поверхностями ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ПОЛИЭФИРОВ И ДИСКОВЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ЭТОГО СПОСОБА

Предметом изобретения являются способ и устройство для производства сложных полиэфиров, таких как полиэтилентерафталат, полипропилентерафталат и полибутилентерафталат, исходя из предконденсатов, у которых пары с аэрозольно распределенными компонентами предконденсата направляются через реактор для поликонденсации, в котором компоненты предконденсата осаждаются на стенке реактора и в камере выпуска продукта этого реактора в устройстве для осаждения, причем эти конденсаты направляют на неперемешанный выпускной зумпф и верхние слои этого зумпфа непрерывно рециркулируют в перемешиваемую зону реактора и тем самым подвергают обратному перемешиванию и последующей поликонденсации.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PREPARING CERAMIC POWDERS

Reactor used for pre-polymerizing polyamide and copolymer of polyamide

Urea Synthesis Reactor And Process

The reaction chamber of the chemical reactor, and therefore the structure of the chemical reactor

Method for controlling recombination or reverse reaction of product and by-product in dissociation reaction

Method and system for methanol production

The invention provides an apparatus and method for producing methanol. The method comprises: making the heated hydrocarbon containing gas and oxygen containing gas react in a reactor for provide product flow containing methanol; transmitting the heat in from the product flow to the hydrocarbon containing gas to heat it; removing the methanol and CO2 gas from the product flow, mixing the unprocessed hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon containing gas for retreating in the reactor; infusing the side product of the reaction into the earth to improve the output of hydrocarbon well.

Airlift reactor having spiral porous sieve plate

Furnace of synthesis to high pressure for exothermic gas reactions

MULTISTAGE PROCESS AND CATALYTIC ENGINE HAVE LOW THICKNESS WITH INTERNAL ECHANGEURTHERMIQUE, AND ITS USE

Method and apparatus for catalytic and thermochemical reactions

The invention relates to a hybrid reverse flow catalytic apparatus having two reaction zones: a homogeneous reaction zone in porous ceramic and a heterogeneous reaction zone with catalyst, arranged in two different catalyst beds. A first catalytic bed located in a central region of the reactor is provided with a low activity catalyst and a second catalyst bed located in a peripheral region of the reactor is provided with a high activity catalyst. The provision of two catalyst beds containing different catalysts reduces the effect of radial temperature gradients in the reactor and improves the overall efficiency of the reactor. The invention also relates to method of performing catalytic and thermochemical reactions in said apparatus.

Reactor, toner production method, and toner

A reactor, which heats a slurry raw material including a solid component, including a reaction tube, wherein the slurry raw material is continuously fed from an end of the reaction tube relative to the central axial direction of the reaction tube so as to be flown toward another end of the reaction tube to be heated; and plural perforated plates arranged in the reaction tube so as to separate the inside of the reaction tube into plural compartments. The reactor satisfies the relations (½)·D′≦D<D′, and 0.2≦S/D′≦5.0, wherein D represents the diameter of each of the perforated plates, D′ represents the inner diameter of the reaction tube, and S represents the interval between any two adjacent perforated plates in the central axial direction of the reaction tube.

Fluid treatment apparatus

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: a reactor vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet and an outlet to allow fluid to flow through the chamber; a UV light source adapted to transmit light within the chamber; and a plurality of catalyst members comprising a catalytic outer surface, the catalyst members being freely contained within the chamber, wherein the apparatus is adapted to cause the catalyst members to move around within the chamber as fluid flows through the chamber.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTICLES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PARTICLES USING THE SAME

Apparatus for manufacturing particles has at least one reactor and a method for manufacturing particles using the same. A first reactor has a hollow main body extending in the lengthwise direction, first and second raw material inlets formed at the one side end of the main body, a reactant outlet formed at the other side end of the main body, and a mixer formed inside the main body to mix materials fed from the first and second raw material inlets. A second reactor of the apparatus connected to one side of the first reactor has a non-revolving hollow cylinder extending in the lengthwise direction, a revolving body extending in the lengthwise direction, a driver portion, a reactant inlet formed on the outer circumference at one side end of the cylinder and connected to the reactant outlet of the first reactor. 16-. (canceled)7. Apparatus for manufacturing particles , comprising:at least one first reactor comprising a hollow main body extending in a lengthwise direction, first and second raw material inlets formed at a first side end of the hollow main body to open into the hollow main body, a reactant outlet formed at a second side end of the hollow main body to open into the hollow main body, and a mixer formed inside of the hollow main body to mix materials fed from the first and second raw material inlets;a second reactor, connected to one side of said at least one first reactor, comprises a non-revolving hollow cylinder extending in a lengthwise direction, a revolving body extending in a lengthwise direction and configured in the second reactor to separate from an inner wall of the non-revolving hollow cylinder, a driver portion connected to one side end of the revolving body to rotate the revolving body, a reactant inlet formed on an outer circumference at a first side end of the non-revolving hollow cylinder in a lengthwise direction of the non-revolving hollow cylinder to open into the non-revolving hollow cylinder and connected to the reactant outlet of said ...

Method for producing carbonates

In an embodiment, a method of producing a carbonate comprises reacting carbon monoxide and chlorine in a phosgene reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first product comprising phosgene; wherein carbon tetrachloride is present in the first product in an amount of 0 to 10 ppm by volume based on the total volume of phosgene; and reacting a monohydroxy compound with the phosgene to produce the carbonate; wherein the phosgene reactor comprises a tube, a shell, and a space located between the tube and the shell; wherein the tube comprises one or more of a mini-tube section and a second tube section; a first concentric tube concentrically located in the shell; a twisted tube; an internal scaffold; and an external scaffold.

Combined apparatus for the synthesis of urea

Combined apparatus ( 1 ) for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, comprising an internal wall ( 3 ) which delimits two coaxial zones ( 4 ) inside the apparatus, operating respectively as reaction ( 4 ) and condensation ( 5 ) zones, and optionally also comprising a stripping zone and/or a scrubber integrated in the same apparatus.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING FLOW IN RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

A scallop, center pipe, and outer basket for use in a radial flow reactor are provided. Each of the scallop, the center pipe, and the outer basket is formed of an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end, and a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof. A diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow radially out through the plurality of openings on the scallop or outer basket, or to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly into the center pipe through the plurality of openings. A system utilizing the center pipe together with either the scallop or the outer basket is also provided. 1. A scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising:an elongated conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end and a rounded distribution side;a plurality of openings formed in the elongated conduit through a thickness thereof,wherein a diameter of the plurality of openings progressively increases or decreases from the top end to the opposing bottom end of the elongated conduit so as to allow a feedstock to flow uniformly out of the scallop through the plurality of openings; anda profile wire scallop overlay positioned on the rounded distribution side of the elongated conduit to prevent catalyst particles from flowing into the scallop.2. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings are generally circular claim 1 , square claim 1 , rectangular claim 1 , triangular claim 1 , oval claim 1 , or oblong in shape.3. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit is formed of stainless steel.4. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the elongated conduit has a back side and with the rounded distribution side forms a “D”-shaped cross section.5. (canceled)6. The scallop of claim 4 , wherein the radial flow reactor includes a reactor vessel claim 4 , and the back side of the elongated ...

Reactor for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

The present invention concerns a reactor for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol comprising a support made from an electrically and thermally conductive material, forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel that passes through the support and also acting as the cathode of the reactor, at least one wire electrode forming an anode of the reactor, and extending within each longitudinal channel, and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of the longitudinal channel, each wire electrode optionally being covered with an electrically insulating layer along the part of the wire electrode extending within the longitudinal channel, a catalyst capable of catalysing a conversion reaction for the conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst being situated between the wire electrode and the wall or walls of each longitudinal channel. 11. A reactor () for conversion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol , comprising:{'b': 2', '2', '3', '2', '1, 'a support () made of electrically and thermally conductive material, said support () forming the wall or walls of at least one longitudinal channel () which passes through the support () and also acts as cathode of the reactor ()'}{'b': 4', '1', '4', '3', '3', '3', '4', '5', '4', '3, 'at least one wire electrode () forming an anode of the reactor (), each wire electrode () extending within each longitudinal channel (), along said longitudinal channel (), and being arranged at a distance from the wall or walls of said longitudinal channel (), each wire electrode () being optionally covered by an electrically insulating layer () along the part of the wire electrode () extending within said longitudinal channel (),'}{'b': 6', '6', '4', '3, 'a catalyst () adapted to catalyse a conversion reaction of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into hydrocarbon and/or alcohol, the catalyst () being ...

REACTOR

A polymerization device that includes: a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed; a stirring blade that stirs the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel; a plurality of heat transfer pipes that transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and that remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; and a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes. 1. A reactor comprising:a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed;a stirring blade configured to stir the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel;a plurality of heat transfer pipes configured to transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and to remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; anda baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes; whereinthe plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a circumferential shape around the stirring blade, include heat transfer pipes whose lower ends are arranged in a position higher than a bottom face of the reaction vessel, and restrict an amount of the polymerization solution circulated from an inner side to a vessel wall side of the reaction vessel, at a depth at which the heat transfer pipes are arranged, andthe baffle changes a flow direction of the polymerization solution that has flowed between the vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes arranged in the circumferential shape, and generates a flow of the polymerization solution to an inward direction of the reaction vessel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , whereina plurality of the ...

DEVICE FOR CONDUCTING SONOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PROCESSING LIQUIDS

A device for processing a liquid via hydrodynamic cavitation, the device including a housing, a channel element and a rotor, the channel element defining a channel and having at least one discharge orifice extending from the channel perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel element. The rotor has a rotor channel and rotates about the portion of the channel element containing the discharge orifice, to periodically open and close the discharge orifice, thereby creating a water hammer hydraulic pulse in the channel. 1. A device for processing a liquid comprising a housing , a channel element and a rotor , the channel element being connected to the housing and extending at least partially within the housing , a distal portion of the channel element having a cylindrical external surface , the channel element having a first longitudinal axis , the channel element having at least one discharge orifice having a second longitudinal axis which extends through a point on the first longitudinal axis and is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis , the rotor being mounted on a shaft and being located within the housing , the rotor having a cylindrical internal surface facing the channel element cylindrical external surface , the rotor having at least one rotor channel having a third longitudinal axis which is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis , the rotor being rotatable about the distal portion of the channel element such that , as the rotor rotates , the rotor channel will periodically line up with the discharge orifice so that the discharge orifice is open , the channel element having at least one local constriction which defines an opening and which is located upstream from the discharge orifice.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the rotor is rotatable about the distal portion of the channel element such that claim 1 , as the rotor rotates claim 1 , the discharge orifice is periodically closed by being covered by the internal surface of the rotor.3 ...

Reactor with baffle configuration

A reactor includes a shell defining an interior, a plurality of baffles positioned in the interior of the reactor, and a fluid pathway defined between the plurality of baffles and extending between an inlet and an outlet. In some embodiments, the reactor has a degree of mixing of less than 0.2.

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SYNTHESIZING MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES FROM HIGH MOLECULAR POLYMERIC WASTES

This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for synthesizing multiwall carbon nanotubes from high molecular polymeric wastes. The process comprises using induction heating in combination with catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with an array of catalytic materials to synthesize high value carbon nanotubes with better yield and purity from high molecular polymeric wastes. 1. A process for synthesizing multiwall carbon nanotubes comprising:depolymerizing high molecular polymeric wastes to obtain a carbon-containing feedstock;pre-treating an array of catalytic materials consisting of 304 type stainless steel with an acid to reduce chromium content in the array of catalytic materials to less than 12%;introducing a reducing gas into a catalytic reactor containing the array of catalytic materials;heating the array of catalytic materials in the catalytic reactor by induction heating in the presence of the reducing gas to activate active sites on surfaces of the array of catalytic materials;feeding the carbon-containing feedstock into the catalytic reactor containing the array of catalytic materials, wherein the array of catalytic materials is arranged in a horizontally stacked manner having a space between any two adjacent catalytic materials sufficient to allow multiwall carbon nanotubes to grow and deposit on surfaces of the catalytic materials;heating the array of catalytic materials in the presence of the carbon-containing feedstock by induction heating to form multiwall carbon nanotubes on the surfaces of the catalytic materials; andremoving the multiwall carbon nanotubes from the surfaces of the array of catalytic materials.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step of depolymerizing the long chain polymeric carbon sources comprises heating the long chain polymeric carbon sources at a temperature between 400° C. and 480° C. in an inert atmosphere.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the long chain polymeric carbon sources are ...

REACTOR

A polymerization device that includes: a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed; a stirring blade that stirs the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel; a plurality of heat transfer pipes that transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and that remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; and a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes. 1. A manufacturing method for a reaction product comprising:housing a polymerization solution in a reaction vessel in which a polymerization reaction is performed;stirring the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel using a stirring blade;transferring heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and to remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction using a plurality of heat transfer pipes; whereinthe plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a circumferential shape around the stirring blade, include a heat transfer pipe whose lower end is arranged in a position higher than a bottom face of the reaction vessel, and restrict an amount of the polymerization solution circulated from an inner side to a vessel wall side of the reaction vessel, at a depth at which the heat transfer pipes are arranged,the method further comprising changing a flow direction of the polymerization solution that has flowed between the vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes arranged in the circumferential shape using a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes, thereby generating a flow of the polymerization solution to an inward direction of the reaction vessel, and whereinthe ...

A Process for Producing Surface-Postcrosslinked Water-Absorbent Polymer Particles by Polymerizing Droplets of a Monomer Solution

The present invention relates to a process for producing surface-postcrosslinked water-absorbent polymer particles comprising polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution, wherein water-absorbent polymer particles having an average particle diameter from 420 to 700 μm, an amount of water-absorbent polymer particles having a particle size of less than 300 μm of less than 5% by weight and an amount of water-absorbent polymer particles having a particle size of more than 800 μm of less than 5% by weight are coated with at least one surface-postcrosslinker and thermal surface-postcrosslinked. 1. A process for producing surface-postcrosslinked water-absorbent polymer particles comprising polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution , comprisinga) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears an acid group and may be at least partly neutralized,b) optionally one or more crosslinker,c) at least one initiator,d) optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer mentioned under a),e) optionally one or more water-soluble polymer, andf) water,in a surrounding heated gas phase or in a surrounding hydrophobic solvent, coating the water-absorbent polymer particles with at least one surface-postcrosslinker and thermal surface-postcrosslinking of the coated water-absorbent polymer particles, wherein the water-absorbent polymer particles are optionally classified prior to the coating, the water-absorbent polymer particles have an average particle diameter from 420 to 700 μm prior to the coating and after the optional classification, an amount of water-absorbent polymer particles having a particle size of less than 300 μm prior to the coating and after the optional classification is less than 5% by weight and the amount of water-absorbent polymer particles having a particle size of more than 800 μm prior to the coating and after the optional classification is less than 5% by weight.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

HIGH PRESSURE STRIPPERS FOR USE IN UREA PLANTS

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper includes a shell, a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell, and a heating fluid distributor for homogenizing the flow of a heating fluid near a heating fluid inlet. The heating fluid distributor includes an edge wall and a laterally disposed heating fluid distribution plate. Related systems, methods, and uses are also provided.

Reactor Systems

This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals. In some embodiments, reactor systems comprising a mobile carriage assembly; a disposable reaction container removably attached to the carriage assembly; and, a carriage holder into which the mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted are provided.

Method of Manufacturing Bio-Diesel and Reactor

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PULVERULENT POLY(METH)ACRYLATE

An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate in a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor and a fluidized bed, and above the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases. The reactor has a heating means in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter. 18.-. (canceled)9151351911119119131. An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate , comprising a reactor () for droplet polymerization comprising an apparatus () for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate comprising holes through which the monomer solution is introduced , an addition point () for a gas above the apparatus () for dropletization , at least one gas withdrawal point () on the circumference of the reactor () and a fluidized bed () , wherein above the gas withdrawal point () the reactor () comprises a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point () the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases , wherein the reactor () comprises a heating means () in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter.1031. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means () supplies a heat output in the range of from 20 to 5000 W/m.1131. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means () is an electric heater.123131. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means is a double shell or takes the form of heating coils () applied to the outside of the reactor shell ...

Reactor for Hydrothermal Growth of Structured Materials

Design, fabrication, and usage of a reactor are presented for synthesis of structured materials from a liquid-phase precursor by heating. The structured materials are particles, membranes or films of micro-porous molecular sieve crystals such as zeolite and meso-porous materials. The precursor solution and structured materials in the reactor are uniformly heated by a planar heater with characteristic heat transfer dimension in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm. A planar heater having width and length at least three times of the characteristic heat transfer dimension provides at least one surface of uniform temperature distribution for heating purposes. Heating is conducted over a temperature range of 20 to 300° C. The planar heater can be heated by electrical power of by thermal fluid.

WALLS FOR CATALYTIC BEDS OF RADIAL- OR AXIAL-FLOW REACTORS

Radial or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor comprising a cylindrical shell and at least one catalytic bed and comprising a plurality of perforated tubes, said tubes having an open end communicating with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the reactor, said tubes being provided with a plurality of holes on their side surface, said tubes being arranged around the catalytic bed so as to form an outer wall which bounds the catalytic bed and which distributes the reagents inside said bed; each of said tubes being formed by means of longitudinal or helical butt welding of a perforated strip. 114-. (canceled)15. A radial flow or an axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor , comprising:a cylindrical shell;at least one catalytic bed; anda plurality of perforated tubes that are arranged around the at least one catalytic bed to form a distributor of reagents into said at least one catalytic bed;wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes include an open end in communication with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the catalytic chemical reactor, and a closed end opposite to said inlet end;wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes includes a butt welded perforated strip or a butt welded perforated metal sheet.16. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein the butt welded perforated strip or the butt welded perforated metal sheet is automatically butt welded.17. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein said butt welded perforated strip is helically wound and helically welded.18. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein said butt weld of each of said plurality of perforated tubes includes a straight longitudinal butt weld.19. The radial flow or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor of claim 15 , wherein each of said plurality of perforated tubes is cylindrical and has a circular cross-section.20. The ...

THERMAL CONVERSION VESSEL USED IN A PROCESS FOR AMIDIFICATION OF ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel () used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel () is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises: 1200. A thermal conversion vessel () for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM) , α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM) , 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylic acid (MAA) , into a mixture comprising 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) , wherein said vessel comprises:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '206', '206', '206', '1', '1', '1, 'i': a', 'b', 'i', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'at least three compartments (C, C, C, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (, , . . . ) separating said compartments into at least three communicating parts (C, C, C, . . . Ci) by a passage provided between the bottom of the vessel and said inner wall,'}said compartments having a space above said inner wall, for separating a gas phase from a liquid phase during thermal conversion,{'b': 204', '204', '204, 'i': a', 'b', 'i, 'said compartments being connected to an outlet valve (, , . . . ).'}2123205205205204204204abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel according to wherein said vessel comprises at least three compartments (C claim 1 , C claim 1 , C claim 1 , . . . Ci) separated from each other by an overflow wall ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . claim 1 , ) claim 1 , over which the hydrolysis mixture to be converted flows to pass from one compartment to the other claim 1 , each compartment being connected to an outlet valve ( claim 1 , claim 1 , . . . ).3205205205206206206abiabi. The thermal conversion vessel of claim 2 , wherein the height (h) of either overflow walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 , . . . claim 2 , ) or inner walls ( claim 2 , claim 2 ...

Radial Flow Adsorption Vessel Comprising Flexible Screen

The present invention pertains to a radial flow adsorption vessel comprising a cylindrical outer shell and at least one cylindrical porous wall disposed co-axially inside the shell, wherein inside the shell one or more fluid permeable screens are rigidly connected to the at least one cylindrical porous wall, by a multitude of separate standoff elements so that the screen has a cylindrical shape co-axial to the shell, and to an adsorption process using the radial flow adsorption vessel. 1. A radial flow adsorption vessel comprising a cylindrical outer shell and at least one cylindrical porous wall disposed co-axially inside the shell , wherein inside the shell one or more fluid permeable screens are rigidly connected to the at least one porous wall by a multitude of separate standoff elements so that the screen has a cylindrical shape co-axial to the shell.2. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to wherein the screen comprises a mesh wire claim 1 , woven wire cloth or an expanded metal.3. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to or wherein the screen comprises a material having a stiffness of less than 35 Nm.4. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to any of the preceding claims comprising at least an inner and an outer cylindrical porous wall disposed co-axially inside the shell and wherein the fluid permeable screen is rigidly connected to one of the porous walls by the multitude of separate standoff elements so that the screen has a cylindrical shape co-axial to the shell.5. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to any of the preceding claims wherein the standoff elements are mounted so that they have their smallest extension in the plane perpendicular to the filling direction of the adsorbent particles.6. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to any of the preceding claims wherein the edges of the standoff elements pointing in the filling direction of the adsorbent particles are tapered.7. Radial flow adsorption vessel according to any of the preceding ...

DEVICE COMPRISING LATERAL INJECTIONS OF LIQUID FOR LIMITING THE PHENOMENA OF SOLID DEPOSITS IN ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment () and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device. 249456. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a pipe () for recycling a part of the liquid leaving said outlet pipe () claim 1 , said recycling pipe () supplying recycled liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().31056. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a makeup pipe () for supplying makeup liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().45678. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , said at least one injectors () and () are distributed by horizontal layers () in the truncated-cone-shaped part and by horizontal layers () in the cylindrical part claim 1 , respectively.51212. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the diameter D of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the truncated-cone-shaped part has a ratio (D/D) of 1.1 to 1000.6. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angle α is 10° to 70°.711. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 10° to 150°.822. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 90° to 180°.922. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;at least one mixer disposed in the cavity; anda heating structure coupled to a surface of the wall.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the heating structure extends over a surface of the wall.23. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an inner surface of the wall.24. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an outer surface of the wall.25. The vessel of claim 24 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.26. The vessel of claim 25 , wherein the heating structure comprises an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.27. The ...

MULTI-PURPOSE REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MODIFIED BITUMEN

A reactor is provided for the preparation of modified bitumen, which reactor comprises a horizontal housing comprising a cylindrical wall and two side walls, wherein a bitumen inlet has been provided at or near one of the side walls of the housing and a bitumen product outlet has been provided at or near the opposite side wall of the housing, wherein a plurality of inlets for the provision of oxygen-containing gas has been provided in the cylindrical wall of the housing between the bitumen inlet and the bitumen product outlet, which multi-purpose reactor is further provided with a mixer arranged inside the housing comprising at least one rotor rotating within at least one stator having a plurality of openings. The reaction is used to prepare modified bitumen by contacting bitumen in the reactor with a modified elevated temperature and pressure. 1. A reactor for the preparation of modified bitumen , which reactor comprises: a horizontal housing comprising a cylindrical wall and two side walls , wherein a bitumen inlet has been provided at or near one of the side walls of the horizontal housing and a bitumen product outlet has been provided at or near the opposite side wall of the horizontal housing , wherein a plurality of inlets for the provision of oxygen-containing gas has been provided in the cylindrical wall of the horizontal housing between the bitumen inlet and the bitumen product outlet; and a mixer arranged inside the horizontal housing comprising at least one rotor rotating within at least one stator having a plurality of openings.2. A reactor for the preparation of modified bitumen as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one inlet for the provision of catalyst and/or polymer and/or additives at or near the bitumen inlet or in the cylindrical wall of the housing.3. A reactor for the preparation of modified bitumen as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a system for heating at least part of the cylindrical wall of the housing arranged within ...

MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS REACTOR

A microwave pyrolysis reactor including an elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity, a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body, and a top body secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body and the bottom and top bodies form an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed, wherein the elongated hollow body includes an elongated wall extending between an internal face and an external face, the elongated wall being provided with at least one fluid receiving cavity for receiving therein a temperature control fluid in order to control a temperature of the product when received in the enclosure, and with the at least one fluid receiving cavity extending at least within a bottom section of the elongated wall adjacent to the bottom body. 116.-. (canceled)17. A microwave pyrolysis reactor comprising:an elongated hollow body extending between a bottom end and a top end, the elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity;a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body; anda body wall secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body, the bottom body and the body wall forming an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed at a bottom section thereof up to a fill level, the fill level defining a minimal height for the product within the reactor,wherein the elongated hollow body is provided with a microwave injection aperture located adjacent to the bottom end thereof below the fill level and the microwave injection aperture is sized and shaped for allowing a propagation of microwaves within the bottom section of the enclosure.18. The microwave pyrolysis reactor of claim 17 , wherein the microwave injection aperture is circular.19. The microwave pyrolysis reactor of claim 18 , wherein a diameter of the microwave injection aperture is one of equal to and greater than a wavelength of microwaves.20. The microwave pyrolysis reactor of claim 17 , wherein ...

Reactor system and process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbonaceous material

The present invention relates to a hydrocracking reactor system and a process utilizing the same for upgrading heavy hydrocarbonaceous material to value-added products. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention includes dispersing a liquid feedstock pre-mixed with a catalyst from top of a reactor vessel to obtain dispersed droplets having a predetermined droplet size less than 500 μm, introducing a gaseous feed comprising primarily of hydrogen from bottom of the reactor vessel to form a continuous gaseous phase throughout a cross-section of the reactor vessel, and allowing the dispersed droplets to contact the continuous gaseous phase throughout the cross-section of the reactor vessel to form reaction effluent comprising one or more lighter product hydrocarbons. The method may further include removing at least a top portion and at least a bottom portion of the reaction effluent from the reactor vessel.

PROCESS AND REACTOR ASSEMBLY FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF HYDRODYNAMICS IN A GAS-SOLIDS FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A process for polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in a gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor comprising a top zone; a middle zone, which comprises a top end in direct contact with said top zone and which is located below said top zone, the middle zone having a generally cylindrical shape; and a bottom zone, which is in direct contact with a bottom end of the middle zone and which is located below the middle zone; comprising the following steps: introducing a fluidization gas stream into the bottom zone; polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in the presence of a polymerization catalyst in a dense phase formed by particles of a polymer of the olefin monomer(s) suspended in an upwards flowing stream of the fluidization gas in the middle zone; introducing a jet gas stream through one or more jet gas feeding ports in a jet gas feeding area of the middle zone at the dense phase in the middle zone of the gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor; wherein the kinetic energy (E) input in the reactor by the jet stream is between 1.5 and 50 times higher than the kinetic energy (E) input in the reactor by the fluidization gas stream (FG). 2186. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidization gas is removed from the top zone () of the reactor and at least a part of the fluidization gas is introduced into the jet gas stream () and into the fluidization stream ().35. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the jet gas stream (JG) fed through at least one of the one or more jet gas feeding ports () is provided by a flash pipe (FP) from a preceding reactor claim 1 , preferably a reactor for polymerizing polypropylene claim 1 , more preferably a loop reactor for polymerizing polypropylene.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the jet gas stream (JG) is cooled to yield a partially condensed jet gas stream and wherein the fluidization gas stream (FG) is not condensed.568. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidization gas stream (FG) in the first line () and ...

REACTION CHAMBER FOR A CHEMICAL REACTOR, AND CHEMICAL REACTOR CONSTRUCTED THEREFROM

A reaction chamber for a chemical reactor comprises a casing () of the reaction chamber, a floor () of the reaction chamber having an opening () located in the floor, an agitator shaft () located in the chamber and having at least one agitator element (), connected thereto, wherein the agitator shaft (), seen in the longitudinal direction, has a beginning () and an end (). In the opening () of the floor () a removable sleeve () is provided, which projects out of the reaction chamber. The sleeve () is arranged in alignment with the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft (). The internal diameter of the sleeve () is greater than the diameter of the agitator shaft () and the agitator shaft (), at the beginning () thereof and/or at the end () thereof, is adapted to absorb reversibly a torque provided by means of a further shaft and/or to transmit a torque to a further shaft. Using such a reaction chamber, it is possible to build up modular chemical reactors having decreased backmixing. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out at least intermittently with a constant amount of substances introduced into the reactor and discharged from the reactor.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in the stirred reactor claim 1 , there are arranged following one another claim 1 , a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber and the agitator shaft of the first reaction chamber is connected to the agitator shaft of the second reaction chamber to transmit a torque and furthermore at least one operating state is monitored in the first and/or second reaction chamber claim 1 , at a predetermined deviation of the operating state from a predetermined value of this operating state the feeds opening out into this reaction chamber are closed and the substances originally transported through these feeds are introduced into another reaction chamber.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the monitored operating state is the pressure drop ...

DETONATION CYCLE APPARATUS AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A process for the chemical conversion of a reactive feedstock mixture is provided, the process comprising providing an annular reaction chamber having an inlet end and an outlet end; charging to the annular reaction chamber a reactive feedstock to be converted; detonating the reactive feedstock mixture; allowing a detonation wave to propagate around the annular reaction chamber; introducing into the inlet end of the annular reaction chamber the reactive feedstock to maintain propagation of the detonation wave around the annular reaction chamber; allowing components within the reaction chamber to move from the inlet end towards the outlet end; and recovering from the outlet end of the annular reaction chamber the products of chemical conversion of the feedstock by the action of the detonation wave. An apparatus for the conversion of a reactive feedstock is also provided. 1. A process for the chemical conversion of a reactive feedstock mixture , the process comprising:providing an annular reaction chamber having an inlet end and an outlet end;charging to the annular reaction chamber a reactive feedstock to be converted;detonating the reactive feedstock mixture;allowing a detonation wave to propagate around the annular reaction chamber;introducing into the inlet end of the annular reaction chamber the reactive feedstock to maintain propagation of the detonation wave around the annular reaction chamber;allowing components within the reaction chamber to move from the inlet end towards the outlet end; andrecovering from the outlet end of the annular reaction chamber the products of chemical conversion of the feedstock by the action of the detonation wave.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactive feedstock comprises components that are normally gaseous.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactive feedstock comprises a plurality of components.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the reactive feedstock comprises a hydrocarbon and an ...

Reactor for the preparation of a formulation

The invention discloses a reactor for preparing a formulation. The reactor comprises at least two apertures, a base and at least one sidewall extending flush therefrom, wherein the base and the sidewall together define a mixing chamber with a height hand at least one axis of symmetry arranged substantially perpendicular to the base and at least one distance r from the sidewall. A first aperture is arranged within the base or adjacent to the base in the sidewall of the mixing chamber at a height hranging from 0.6 to 0.0 hin order to introduce free-flowing materials and/or mixtures to the mixing chamber. The first aperture is configured with a non-return valve disposed therein or adjacent thereto, the non-return valve permitting the introduction of free-flowing materials to the mixing chamber through the aperture, but preventing outflow of free-flowing materials from the mixing chamber through the aperture. The first aperture is formed with an aperture area extending in a range between a minimum and a maximum, the minimum area being 0.05 mmand the maximum area being determined by a value resulting from Volume[cm]/Area[cm]≈5500. 1. Reactor for preparing a formulation , wherein the reactor comprises at least two apertures , a base and at least one sidewall extending flush therefrom , wherein the base and the sidewall together define a mixing chamber with a height hand at least one axis of symmetry arranged substantially perpendicular to the base and at least one distance r from the sidewall ,{'sub': A', 'M, 'wherein a first aperture is arranged within the base or adjacent to the base in the sidewall of the mixing chamber at a height hranging from 0.6 to 0.0 hin order to introduce free-flowing materials and/or mixtures to the mixing chamber, and wherein the first aperture is configured with a non-return valve disposed therein or adjacent thereto, the non-return valve permitting the introduction of free-flowing materials to the mixing chamber through the aperture, but ...

APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCTION OF DROPLETS INTO A REACTOR

The invention relates to an apparatus for introduction of droplets into a reactor, comprising a holder for at least one dropletizer unit, where the dropletizer unit has a feed for a liquid to be dropletized and a dropletizer plate and the dropletizer plate has holes through which a liquid to be dropletized is introduced into the reactor, where the holder for the at least one dropletizer unit can be pushed into the reactor or pulled out of the reactor through an opening in the shell of the reactor. At least one rail is accommodated within the reactor and is used to guide the holder for the at least one dropletizer unit along it. 113161616567676913161113714513161. An apparatus for introduction of droplets into a reactor () , comprising a holder () for at least one dropletizer unit () , where the dropletizer unit () has a feed () for a liquid to be dropletized and a dropletizer plate () and the dropletizer plate () has holes () through which a liquid to be dropletized is introduced into the reactor () , where the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () can be pushed into the reactor () or pulled out of the reactor () through an opening () in the shell of the reactor () , wherein at least one rail () is accommodated within the reactor () and is used to guide the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () along it.23161. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () being guided is suspended on the rail.33145. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the holder () being guided within the reactor rests on two rails ().445413161. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the rails are two contact surfaces () on a pipe () which is open at the bottom and on which the holder () for the at least one dropletizer unit () rests.5454341. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the contact surfaces () run parallel to the opening () at the base of the pipe ().6454341. The apparatus according to ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL AND REACTOR

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol. 1. A reactor comprising:a substantially fluid tight tank comprising an interior and an exterior;a heat transfer media positioned within said tank;a plurality of reaction lines positioned within said tank, wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in thermal communication with said heat transfer media and wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in fluid communication with one another and with said exterior of said tank;a manifold configured to regulate fluid communication between said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to selectively allow fluid exiting a first of said plurality of reaction lines to flow to a second of said plurality of reaction lines or to divert fluid exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines away from said second of said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to divert a fluid having a density and exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines out of said reactor if the density of the fluid has fallen by at least about 1 pound per cubic foot;at least one means for heating said heat ...

FLOW REACTOR

A flow reactor having two or more raw material feeding units, a mixing unit to mix raw materials fed from the raw material feeding units, and a reactor unit in which a mixed solution prepared in the mixing unit flows, wherein at least a part of an inner wall of the reactor unit is formed of a fluororesin containing a conductive filler. 1: A flow reactor , comprising:a plurality of raw material feeding units;a mixing unit configured to mix raw materials fed from the raw material feeding units; anda reactor unit in which a mixed solution prepared in the mixing unit flows,wherein at least a part of an inner wall of the reactor unit is formed of a fluororesin containing a conductive filler.2: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit has a single-layer structure comprising the fluororesin containing the conductive filler.3: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a quenching agent capable of quenching the mixed solution is in contact with an outer wall surface of the reactor unit.4: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluororesin is a homopolymer or a copolymer produced from a fluorine atom-containing monomer.5: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive filler is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based filler claim 1 , a metal-based filler claim 1 , a metal oxide-based filler claim 1 , and a metal alloy-based filler.6: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluororesin containing the conductive filler has a volume resistivity claim 1 , measured under the conditions of 50% RH and 23° C. in accordance with JIS K 6911 claim 1 , of 10Ω·m or less.7: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit has a flow channel having an equivalent diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 50 mm or less.8: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a temperature control unit.9: The flow reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor unit is in a tube shape. ...

A METHOD, AN ARRANGEMENT AND USE OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF PREPARING POLYMER

A method and arrangement of producing polymer comprising polymerizing in reactor having a top zone having a generally conical shape, a middle zone in direct contact with and below said top zone having a generally cylindrical shape, a bottom zone having a generally conical shape thereby polymerizing at least one olefin, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and fluidization gas to obtain (i) a first stream comprising fluidization gas and particles of olefin polymer, (ii) a second stream comprising fluidization gas and agglomerates of olefin polymer, (iii) a third olefin polymer product stream—directing the first stream comprising fluidization gas and olefin polymer particles to a series of at least three cyclones connected to the fluidized bed reactor—separating agglomerates of olefin polymer from the second stream, withdrawing from the fluidized bed polymerization reactor the third olefin polymer product stream. 1. A method of producing polymer particles wherein the method comprises (i) a first stream comprising fluidization gas and olefin polymer particles,', '(ii) a second stream comprising fluidization gas and agglomerates of olefin polymer,', '(iii) a third olefin polymer product stream,, 'polymerizing in a fluidized bed polymerization reactor comprising a fluidized bed in the reactor and the reactor having a top zone having a generally conical shape, a middle zone in direct contact with and below said top zone having a generally cylindrical shape, a bottom zone in direct contact with and below the middle zone and having a generally conical shape thereby polymerizing at least one olefin, optionally at least one comonomer and optionally hydrogen, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and fluidization gas to obtain'}directing the first stream comprising fluidization gas and olefin polymer particles to a series of at least three cyclones connected to the fluidized bed polymerization reactor thereby obtaining from a last cyclone in the series a final ...

Solution process for the production of ep(d)m elastomers and polymerisation reactor for use in said process

The invention describes a process for the production of EP(D)M in solution in a stirred reactor (CSTR) in which the reaction bath is kept in a boiling condition at a temperature of between 40 and 60° C. and at a pressure of between 0.6 and 1.3 MPa, and in which from 40% to 80% of the reaction heat is removed by boiling the reaction bath and the remaining reaction heat is removed by subcooling the fluids recycled to the reactor. The reactor is provided with a stirring system with three impellers, a device for distribution of the recycled fluids at the bottom of the reactor and a gamma ray level control device.

REACTION CHAMBER FOR A CHEMICAL REACTOR, AND CHEMICAL REACTOR CONSTRUCTED THEREFROM

A reaction chamber for a chemical reactor comprises a casing () of the reaction chamber, a floor () of the reaction chamber having an opening () located in the floor, an agitator shaft () located in the chamber and having at least one agitator element (), connected thereto, wherein the agitator shaft (), seen in the longitudinal direction, has a beginning () and an end (). In the opening () of the floor () a removable sleeve () is provided, which projects out of the reaction chamber. The sleeve () is arranged in alignment with the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft (). The internal diameter of the sleeve () is greater than the diameter of the agitator shaft () and the agitator shaft (), at the beginning () thereof and/or at the end () thereof, is adapted to absorb reversibly a torque provided by means of a further shaft and/or to transmit a torque to a further shaft. Using such a reaction chamber, it is possible to build up modular chemical reactors having decreased backmixing. 1. A reaction chamber for a chemical reactor , comprising:a casing of the reaction chamber,a floor of the reaction chamber having an opening located in the floor,an agitator shaft located in the chamber and having at least one agitator element, connected thereto, wherein the agitator shaft, seen in the longitudinal direction, has a beginning and an end, whereinin the opening of the floor a removable sleeve is provided, which projects out of the reaction chamber,the sleeve is arranged in alignment with the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft,the internal diameter of the sleeve is greater than the diameter of the agitator shaftand in that the agitator shaft, at the beginning thereof and/or at the end thereof, is adapted to absorb reversibly a torque provided by means of a further shaft and/or to transmit a torque to a further shaft.2. The reaction chamber as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the agitator shaft is conducted out of the reaction chamber through the sleeve in such a manner that ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPERSION OF DRY POWDERS

Systems and methods for preparing and dispersing dry powders are disclosed herein. The system includes a powder feeder, a rotating holder or disc configured to receive an input powder from the powder feeder, and one or more ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic transducer is configured to create standing waves, which suspend the input powder within a space above the rotating holder disc for collection and subsequent processing and/or use. Also disclosed herein is an adapter configured to fit existing off-the-shelf powder dispensers that includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to suspend an input powder in midair for collection. 1. A system for preparing dry powders for dispersion , comprising:a rotatable holder configured to receive an input powder;a powder feeder tube adapted to deliver the input powder to the rotatable holder; andat least one ultrasonic transducer adjacent to the rotatable holder, configured to suspend particles of the input powder on the rotatable holder as it passes the at lest one ultrasonic transducer.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a tube with an inlet end proximate the suspended input powder claim 1 , configured to draw the suspended particles into the tube.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tube is a probe tube.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tube directs the suspended particles to a de-agglomeration system.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tube direts the suspended particles to an aerosol outlet.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a brush attached to the powder feeder.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a motor in mechanical connection with the rotatable holder.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is suspended above the rotatable holder.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rotatable holder comprises a rotary disk or round rotary table.10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising a continuous circular groove in a surface of the rotary disk or ...

HEAT INTEGRATED REFORMER WITH CATALYTIC COMBUSTION FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

An apparatus for the production of hydrogen from a fuel source includes a combustor configured to receive a combustor fuel and convert the combustor fuel into a combustor heat; a reformer disposed annularly about the combustor, a removable structured catalyst support disposed within the gap and coated with a catalyst to induce combustor fuel combustion reactions that convert the combustor fuel to the combustor heat, and a combustor fuel injection aperture configured for mixing combustion fuel into the combustion catalyst. The combustor fuel injection aperture being disposed along a length of the combustion zone. The reformer and the combustor define a gap therebetween and the reformer is configured to receive the combustor heat. 1. An apparatus for the production of hydrogen from a fuel source , comprising:a combustor configured to receive a combustor fuel and convert the combustor fuel into combustor heat;a reformer disposed annularly about the combustor, wherein the reformer and the combustor define a gap therebetween and the reformer is configured to receive the combustor heat;a removable structured catalyst support disposed within the gap and coated with a catalyst to induce combustor fuel combustion reactions that convert the combustor fuel to the combustor heat, the structured catalyst support being in contact with the combustor and the reformer, forming heat exchange zones where heat is transferred between a feed of the combustor and products of the reformer, and between a feed of the reformer and products of the combustor; anda combustor fuel injection aperture configured for mixing combustion fuel into the combustion catalyst, the combustor fuel injection aperture being disposed along a length of the combustion zone.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the combustor fuel injection aperture includes an annular ring including injector holes along a perimeter of the annular ring.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is configured to receive at ...

HYDROFORMYLATION REACTION PROCESS

In one aspect, a hydroformylation reaction process comprises contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and CO in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a cylindrical reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the reactor has a fixed height, and wherein a total mixing energy of at least 0.5 kW/m3 is delivered to the fluid in the reactor; removing a portion of the reaction fluid from the reactor; and returning at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid to the reactor, wherein the returning reaction fluid is introduced in at least two return locations positioned at a height that is less than 80% of the fixed height, wherein the at least two return locations are positioned above a location in the reactor where hydrogen and carbon monoxide are introduced to the reactor, and wherein at least 15% of the mixing energy is provided by the returning reaction fluid. 1. A hydroformylation reaction process comprising:{'sup': '3', 'contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a vertically-oriented cylindrical reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the cylindrical reactor has a fixed height, and wherein a total mixing energy of at least 0.5 kW/mis delivered to the fluid in the cylindrical reactor;'}removing a portion of the reaction fluid from the cylindrical reactor; andreturning at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid to the cylindrical reactor, wherein the returning reaction fluid is introduced in at least two return locations positioned at a height that is less than 80% of the fixed height, wherein the at least two return locations are positioned above a location in the reactor where hydrogen and carbon monoxide are introduced to the reactor, and wherein at least 15% of the mixing energy is provided by the returning reaction fluid.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least two return locations comprise one or more nozzles that protrude into the cylindrical reactor a distance of not less than 10% and not ...

Reactor for preparing precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide and method for preparing precursor

Disclosed is a reactor for preparing a precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide for lithium secondary batteries, the reactor having a closed structure including a stationary hollow cylinder; a rotary cylinder having the same axis as the stationary hollow cylinder and an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the stationary hollow cylinder, an electric motor to generate power, enabling rotation of the rotary cylinder, a rotation reaction area disposed between the stationary hollow cylinder and the rotary cylinder, wherein ring-shaped vortex pairs that are uniformly arranged in a rotation axis direction and rotate in opposite directions are formed in the rotation reaction area, and an inlet through which a reactant fluid is fed into the rotation reaction area and an outlet through which the reactant fluid is discharged from the rotation reaction area.

Mixer and processes incorporating the same

The present invention relates to a mixer, an apparatus comprising the mixer and a reactor, and processes incorporating the same. The mixer comprises an inlet ( 104 ) to a chamber ( 102 ), wherein the chamber inlet angle is less than 90°. The mixer further comprises an expander zone ( 106 ) that expands outwardly at an expander angle of less than 90°. The mixer may be coupled to a reactor at its outlet, which may closely approximate the size of the reactor inlet due to the expander ( 106 ).

Reduction of Aldehydes in Amine Catalysts

The present disclosure provides a method for reducing the aldehyde content in an amine catalyst by treating the amine catalyst with an organic acid. The organic acid-treated amine catalyst may then be used in the production of polyurethane materials which exhibit reduced aldehyde emissions. 1. A method for reducing the aldehyde content in an amine catalyst comprising (i) mixing an organic acid selected from a polymer acid , a carboxylic monoacid and a mixture thereof with an amine catalyst containing one or more aldehyde impurities to form a catalyst mixture and (ii) subjecting the catalyst mixture to conditions such that the level of aldehyde impurities in the catalyst mixture are reduced.2. The method of wherein the conditions include maintaining the catalyst mixture at approximately room temperature for at least about 6 hours.3. The method of wherein the organic acid is a polymer acid containing at least three or more of the same repeating monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , maleic anhydride claim 1 , furoic acid claim 1 , fumaric acid claim 1 , sorbic acid claim 1 , tiglic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , linolenic aid and licanic acid.4. The method of wherein the organic acid is a polymer acid containing at least two repeating monomers wherein the first monomer is an unsaturated carboxylic acid and the second monomer is a different unsaturated carboxylic acid claim 1 , an anhydride or other monomer.5. The method of wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid claim 4 , methacrylic acid claim 4 , maleic acid claim 4 , furoic acid claim 4 , fumaric acid claim 4 , sorbic acid claim 4 , tiglic acid claim 4 , linoleic acid claim 4 , linolenic aid and licanic acid.6. The method of wherein the organic acid is a polymer acid containing at least two repeating monomers wherein the first monomer is an anhydride and the second monomer is ...

Reactor for preparing precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide and method for preparing precursor

Disclosed is a reactor for preparing a precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide for lithium secondary batteries, the reactor having a closed structure including a stationary hollow cylinder; a rotary cylinder having the same axis as the stationary hollow cylinder and an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the stationary hollow cylinder, an electric motor to generate power, enabling rotation of the rotary cylinder, a rotation reaction area disposed between the stationary hollow cylinder and the rotary cylinder, wherein ring-shaped vortex pairs that are uniformly arranged in a rotation axis direction and rotate in opposite directions are formed in the rotation reaction area, and an inlet through which a reactant fluid is fed into the rotation reaction area and an outlet through which the reactant fluid is discharged from the rotation reaction area.

OLIGOMERISER WITH IMPROVED MIXING PERFORMANCE

In an embodiment, a reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar, comprises a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top; a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank; an impeller extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank and comprising a plurality of blades; a reactant solution inlet; a reaction solution outlet; and an externally located heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cylindrical tank via a recirculation stream and a heated stream. The reactor can be used for the polymerization of a polycarbonate oligomer. 1. A reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar , comprising:a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top;a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank;an impeller extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank and comprising a plurality of blades that are each independently at an angle α from an orthogonal of the axis;a reactant solution inlet;a reaction solution outlet; andan externally located heat exchanger in fluid communication with the cylindrical tank via a recirculation stream and a heated stream.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a lower impeller and an upper impeller extend from the stirring shaft claim 1 , wherein the lower impeller and the upper impeller are both three blade impellers.3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the lower impeller and the upper impeller are offset by an angle θ of 50 to 70 degrees.4. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the angle α of the blades of the lower impeller ...

HIGH PRESSURE STRIPPERS FOR USE IN UREA PLANTS

A stripper for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture. The stripper comprises a shell and a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell. A shell-side space is provided between the tubes and the shell. A first heating fluid inlet, a second heating fluid inlet, and a heating fluid outlet are in fluid connection with the shell-side space. The second heating fluid inlet is disposed between the first heating fluid inlet and the heating fluid outlet. Related uses, systems, and methods are provided as well. 2. The stripper according to wherein the first heating fluid inlet is adjacently disposed to the top end of the stripper and the heating fluid outlet is adjacently disposed to the rear end of the stripper.3. The stripper according to wherein the bottom end further comprises an inlet for a stripping gas.4. The stripper according to wherein the second heating fluid inlet is positioned at a distance from the top end of the stripper that equals 35.0 to 70.0% of the distance between the top end and the bottom end of the stripper.5. The stripper according to wherein the stripper comprises more than two heating fluid inlets claim 1 , the more than two heating fluid inlets comprising the first heating fluid inlet claim 1 , the second heating fluid inlet claim 1 , and one or more further heating fluid inlets claim 1 , the one or more further heating fluid inlets being positioned between the first heating fluid inlet and the heating fluid outlet.6. The stripper according to comprising more than 4000 tubes.7. The stripper according to comprising a top and a bottom claim 1 , wherein the top end is positioned at the top of the stripper and wherein the bottom end is positioned at the bottom of the stripper.8. The stripper according to wherein the shell-side space comprises a plurality of baffles.9. The stripper according to wherein the shell is cylindrical claim 1 , and wherein the shell has an outer diameter between 2.0 and 6.0 m.10. A system for the production of urea comprising a ...

SEAL ASSEMBLY FOR CREATING A SEALED FLOW PATH BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND FLUID DUCTS

A sealing assembly creating a sealed flow path between fluid ducts. The seal assembly comprises a housing and a tubular element within the housing providing a fluid conduit between the fluid ducts. Two sealing elements each have an internal sealing face sealably engaged with the tube and an external face for sealing, in use, with a respective fluid duct. At least one of the sealing elements is slidable with respect to the tubes. A support is slidably retained by the housing, surrounds one end of the tube and supports one of the slidable sealing elements on the side of the sealing element opposite to its external face. A resilient element within the housing biases the support so as to urge the two sealing elements apart. 1. A sealing assembly creating a sealed flow path between first and second fluid ducts , the sealing assembly having a first end facing the first fluid duct and a second end facing the second fluid duct;a housing;a tube within the housing providing a fluid conduit between the fluid ducts;a first sealing element at the first end having an internal sealing face slidably engaged with and slidable with respect to the tube and an external face for sealing, in use, with the first fluid duct;a second sealing element at the second end having an internal sealing face slidably engaged with and slidable with respect to the tube and an external face for sealing, in use, with the second fluid duct;a first support slidably retained by the housing and surrounding one end of the tube and supporting one of the first and second sealing elements on a side of the one of the first and second sealing elements opposite to its external face; anda resilient element within the housing biasing the support so as to urge the first and second sealing elements apart.2. The sealing assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising a second support surrounding an opposite end of the tube and supporting the other one of the first and second sealing elements on a side opposite to the ...

OLIGOMERISER WITH AN IMPROVED FEED SYSTEM

In an embodiment, a reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar, comprises a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top; a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank; a stirring blade extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank; a reactant solution inlet located on the bottom; and a reaction solution outlet located on the bottom. The reactor can be used for the polymerization of a polycarbonate oligomer. 1. A reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar , comprising:a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top;a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank;a stirring blade extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank;a reactant solution inlet located on the bottom; anda reaction solution outlet located on the bottom, wherein the stirring blade comprises a flat plate impeller.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the reaction solution outlet is concentrically located on the axis of the cylindrical tank.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the flat plate impeller has a plurality of openings.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the stirring blade comprises a three-blade impeller.5. A method of melt polymerizing a polycarbonate claim 1 , comprising:adding a precursor solution comprising a polycarbonate precursor through a reactant solution inlet of a reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification, said reactor comprising:a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from ...

MICROWAVE REACTOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF BIODIESEL

A microwave reactor includes a chamber, at least one microwave source, a sprayer and a vapor extractor. The chamber includes a containing space and a reacting space. The containing space is communicated with the reacting space and provided for containing a reactant. The microwave source is connected to one side wall of the reacting space of the chamber. The sprayer is communicated with the containing space of the chamber for turning the reactant into a mist and spraying the mist in the reacting space of the chamber. The vapor extractor is connected to the reacting space. When the water contained in the mist is gasified to produces a water vapor, the water vapor can be exhausted from the chamber by the vapor extractor. 1. A microwave reactor , comprising:a chamber comprising a containing space and a reacting space, wherein the containing space is communicated with the reacting space and for containing a reactant therein;at least one microwave source connected to one side wall of the reacting space of the chamber;a sprayer communicated with the containing space of the chamber for turning the reactant into a mist and spraying the mist in the reacting space of the chamber; anda vapor extractor connected to the reacting space;wherein when a water contained in the mist is gasified in the reacting space to produce a water vapor, the water vapor is allowed to be exhausted from the chamber by the vapor extractor.2. The microwave reactor of claim 1 , wherein a number of the at least one microwave source is two.3. The microwave reactor of claim 2 , wherein the two microwave sources are correspondingly disposed to the side wall of the reacting space.4. The microwave reactor of claim 1 , wherein there are a plurality of the microwave sources located at the same heights of the side wall of the reacting space.5. The microwave reactor of claim 1 , wherein there are a plurality of the microwave sources located at different heights of the side wall of the reacting space.6. The ...

Reactor for Hydrothermal Growth of Structured Materials

Design, fabrication, and usage of a reactor are presented for synthesis of structured materials from a liquid-phase precursor by heating. The structured materials are particles, membranes or films of micro-porous molecular sieve crystals such as zeolite and meso-porous materials. The precursor solution and structured materials in the reactor are uniformly heated by a planar heater with characteristic heat transfer dimension in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm. A planar heater having width and length at least three times of the characteristic heat transfer dimension provides at least one surface of uniform temperature distribution for heating purposes. Heating is conducted over a temperature range of 20 to 300° C. The planar heater can be heated by electrical power of by thermal fluid. 1. A porous structured material made by a hydrothermal growth reactor , the hydrothermal growth reactor comprising:a plate-shaped reactor vessel configured to contain a solution comprising a precursor and a structured material within a slot having an aperture in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm, the reactor vessel having a plate width and length at least three times an aperture size of the slot;at least one major surface heating area of the reactor vessel capable of heating the solution inside contained in the slot in the reactor vessel at a heating rate to minimize a temperature variance inside a reactor growth zone; andat least one removable cover for transporting the structured material out of the reactor vessel,wherein the reactor is configured for synthesis of the porous structured material in a solution by heating at a temperature less than 300° C.2. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises micro-porous or meso-porous particles.3. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises molecular sieve.4. The porous structured material of claim 1 , wherein the porous structured material comprises a ...

A REACTOR VESSEL FOR BIOMASS MATERIAL

A reactor vessel () for biomass material, wherein said reactor vessel () is a pressurized reactor vessel, said reactor vessel being elongated and comprising: a substantially tubular vessel part (); two gables () connected one to each end () of the tubular vessel part (), hereby enclosing a vessel internal compartment (); and a material transporting screw () comprising a central shaft () provided within the vessel internal compartment () extending between the two gables () along a central axis (A) of the reactor vessel (), wherein said material transporting screw further comprises screw flight () provided around the shaft (), wherein said material transporting screw is configured for transporting the biomass material through the reactor vessel, wherein both gables () are inwardly dished. 2. A reactor vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the central shaft is supported by bearings mounted on the gables in each end such that it can rotate around its longitudinal axis and wherein the central shaft is protruding out through at least one of the gables claim 1 , wherein said central shaft further is arranged to be connected to a rotation device configured for rotating said central shaft around its longitudinal axis.3. A reactor vessel according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein it further comprises:an inlet for receiving said biomass material into said vessel internal compartment, said inlet being provided centered to a first position, which is closer to a first end of said tubular vessel part than a second opposite end of said tubular vessel part; andan outlet for discharging said biomass material out from the vessel internal compartment after having passed through the vessel internal compartment, said outlet being provided centered to a second position which is closer to the second end than the first end of said tubular vessel part.412. A reactor vessel according to claim 3 , wherein said first position is provided at a first distance (d) from the ...

Hydroprocessing Reactor to Lower Pressure Drop and Extend Catalyst Life

A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks includes a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel. A basket is located within the reactor vessel interior and contains a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock that is discharged to a purified feedstock outlet. A catalyst is located within the reactor vessel and in fluid communication with the purified feedstock outlet of the basket for contacting the purified feedstock to form a desired product. 1. A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks comprising:a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel, the interior being defined by an interior wall of the reactor vessel;a distributor assembly located below and in fluid communication with the inlet for discharging the feedstock radially outward towards the interior walls of the reactor vessel;a basket located within the reactor vessel interior and below the distributor assembly, the basket having a fluid permeable outer wall and a first fluid permeable inner wall that is spaced radially inward from the outer wall to define a first annular interior space of the basket, the first annular interior space of the basket containing a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock, the outer wall of the basket being spaced radially inward from the interior wall of the reactor vessel to define an annular flow space between the outer wall of the basket and the interior wall of the reactor vessel, and wherein feedstocks introduced into the reactor vessel from the distributor assembly flow through the annular flow space and radially inward through the first annular interior space of the basket and through the particulate material to facilitate removal of contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock, the first fluid ...

Reactor Systems

This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals. In some embodiments, reactor systems comprising a mobile carriage assembly; a disposable reaction container removably attached to the carriage assembly; and, a carriage holder into which the mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted are provided. 119-. (canceled)20. A reactor system comprising a mobile carriage assembly and a mobile carriage holder , wherein: an implement at least one wheel or track for fixably attaching the mobile carriage assembly to the holder; and,', 'a disposable reaction container reversibly attached thereto and comprising a sterile, sealable interior chamber; and,, 'the mobile carriage assembly comprisesthe mobile carriage holder comprises a receiving implement for receiving the mobile carriage assembly, an interior, and a door; the interior of the holder maintains the desire geometry of the disposable reaction container; and,', 'the door of the holder contains the disposable reaction container in the interior of the holder., 'wherein21. The reactor system of wherein the mobile carriage holder comprises a heat transfer jacket.221. The reactor system of claim wherein the mobile carriage assembly is fixably attached to the mobile carriage holder.23. The reactor system of wherein the mobile carriage holder comprises a heat transfer jacket.241. The reactor system of claim wherein the mobile carriage assembly is reversibly attached to the mobile carriage holder.25. The reactor system of wherein the mobile carriage holder comprises a heat transfer jacket.261. The reactor system of claim wherein the mobile carriage assembly is fixably and reversibly attached to the mobile carriage holder.27. The reactor system of wherein the mobile carriage holder comprises a heat transfer jacket.281. The reactor system of claim further comprising an impellar positioned within the sterile claim 26 , sealable interior chamber of the disposable ...

METHOD OF ATTACHING/DETACHING CATALYTIC UNIT AND CATALYTIC REACTOR

A method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to an embodiment is a method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit accommodated in a reactor housing of a catalytic reactor, including a step of passing the catalytic unit through a gas inlet formed at a top portion of the reactor housing to attach or detach the catalytic unit to or from the reactor housing having a cylindrical shape extending in a vertical direction and configured such that a gas having a gauge pressure of 0.2 Mpa or more is introduced thereto. 1. A method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit accommodated in a reactor housing of a catalytic reactor , comprising:a step of passing the catalytic unit through a gas inlet formed at a top portion of the reactor housing to attach or detach the catalytic unit to or from the reactor housing having a cylindrical shape extending in a vertical direction, the reactor housing being configured such that a gas having a gauge pressure of 0.2 Mpa or more is introduced into the reactor housing.2. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 ,wherein the inlet has a circular shape,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape, andwherein a diagonal dimension of the catalytic unit in a cross-section perpendicular to an extending direction of the quadrangular prism shape is smaller than an inner diameter of the inlet.3. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of attaching/detaching a seal plate for sealing between an outer periphery of an upper portion of a casing of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing when the catalytic unit is attached to or detach from the reactor housing.4. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 3 , further comprising a step of passing the seal plate divided into a plurality of segments through the inlet.5. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 , ...

Reactor for Pyrolysis Conversion of Hydrocarbon Gases

A pyrolysis reactor () and method for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases (e.g., methane) utilizes a pyrolysis reactor () having a unique burner assembly () and pyrolysis feed assembly () that creates an inwardly spiraling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases to form a swirling gas mixture that passes through a burner conduit () with a constricted neck portion or nozzle (). At least a portion of the swirling gas mixture forms a thin, annular mixed gas flow layer immediately adjacent to the burner conduit (). A portion of the swirling gas mixture is combusted as the swirling gas mixture passes through the burner conduit () and a portion of combustion products circulates in the burner assembly (). This provides conditions suitable for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or light alkane gas, such as methane or natural gas. 1. A subsonic pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases comprising:a pyrolysis reactor vessel having a reactor wall that defines a pyrolysis reaction chamber;a burner assembly having a burner conduit with a circumferential wall that surrounds a central longitudinal axis and extends from opposite upstream and downstream ends of the burner conduit, the circumferential wall tapering in width from the downstream and upstream ends to an annular constricted neck portion located between the downstream and upstream ends of the burner conduit, the downstream end of the burner conduit being in fluid communication with the reaction chamber of the pyrolysis reactor, the upstream end of the burner conduit forming a burner assembly inlet; a downstream feed assembly wall that extends circumferentially around and joins the upstream end of the burner assembly inlet, the downstream feed assembly wall being oriented perpendicular to the central axis;', 'an upstream feed assembly wall that is axially spaced upstream from the downstream wall along the central axis and extends perpendicularly across the central axis;', 'a gas partition wall axially spaced between the ...

High temperature pressure digestion vessel system with dual action seal

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position.

Device for inducing nucleation

Described is a device for inducing crystal nucleation in a crystalliser. The device comprises a vessel for fluid and a surface abrader, wherein the surface abrader is configured to abrade a surface within the vessel to induce crystal nucleation. The friction of the abrader against the surface within the vessel creates nano-sized particulates which induce crystal nucleation. Crystal growth can then take place in the crystalliser. Also described is a crystallisation apparatus comprising the device and a crystallisation process using the device or similar. The device is significantly cheaper and more reliable than known ultrasound devices and facilitates the separation of crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The device also enables the avoidance of the use of seeding as a source of secondary nucleation.

Reactor Systems

This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals. In some embodiments, reactor systems comprising a mobile carriage assembly; a disposable reaction container removably attached to the carriage assembly; and, a carriage holder into which the mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted are provided. 119-. (canceled)20. A method for carrying out a reaction , the method comprising combining the components of a reaction in a reaction vessel comprising: i) a receiving implement comprising at least one wheel or track for receiving the mobile carriage assembly; and,', 'ii) a door for securing the mobile carriage assembly within the interior of the holder following insertion of the mobile carriage assembly into the holder;, 'a) a mobile carriage assembly holder comprising an interior into which a mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted, the holder comprising i) at least one primary mobility implement comprising at least one wheel or track for moving the mobile carriage assembly prior to insertion of the mobile carriage assembly into the holder;', 1) the secondary mobility implements are not in contact with the ground prior to or following insertion of the mobile carriage assembly into the holder;', '2) at least one secondary mobility implement is proximal to the receiving implement and at least one secondary mobility implement is distal from the receiving implement prior to insertion of the mobile carriage assembly into the holder;', '3) the secondary mobility implements provide for insertion of the mobile carriage assembly into the holder, and removal of the mobile carriage assembly from the holder, using the receiving implement of the holder; and,, 'ii) secondary mobility implements, each secondary mobility element comprising at least one wheel or track, wherein, 'iii) a shaft and impellar assembly; and,), 'b) a mobile carriage assembly comprising 1) comprises an interior chamber in which ...

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT A REACTION BETWEEN TWO NON-MISCIBLE FLUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES

A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing preferably arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids, wherein the backmixed zone comprises at least one inlet and the plug-flow zone comprises an outlet and the backmixed zone comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the fluid of lower density, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the plug-flow zone and which comprises a first passage to the backmixed zone and a second passage to the plug-flow zone, a second internal element which delimits the backmixed zone from the plug-flow zone such that there is no direct fluid connection between the backmixed zone and the plug-flow zone, and backmixing-preventing third internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing. The reactor allows an optimal residence time distribution in the reaction of the two immiscible fluids of different density. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous reaction in the reactor. 114.-. (canceled)15. A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density , comprising:an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap,wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids,wherein the backmixed zone comprises ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POWDERED POLYMERS

An apparatus for production of pulverulent polymers having a reactor for droplet polymerization with an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the preparation of the polymer. The apparatus for dropletization has holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point at the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed, wherein at least one of the following is fulfilled: 115513519111. An apparatus for production of pulverulent polymers , comprising a reactor () for droplet polymerization with an apparatus for dropletization () of a monomer solution for the preparation of the polymer , said apparatus for dropletization () having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced , an addition point () for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization () , at least one gas withdrawal point () at the periphery of the reactor () and a fluidized bed () , wherein at least one of the following features is fulfilled:{'b': 31', '5, 'an apparatus for increasing turbulence () in the gas flow is disposed in the region of the apparatus for dropletization () of the monomer solution,'}{'b': '13', 'an apparatus for increasing turbulence in the gas flow is disposed in the region of the addition point () for the gas,'}{'b': '13', 'the addition point () for gas is configured such that elevated turbulence is generated.'}231. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus for increasing turbulence () comprises baffles.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the baffles comprise a perforated plate having holes having a diameter of 5 to 200 cm.43135. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus for increasing turbulence () comprises gas nozzles () claim 1 , gas/liquid nozzles or liquid nozzles.55. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the gas/liquid nozzles or liquid nozzles used for increasing turbulence are part of the apparatus ...

Steam Stripping Apparatus and Steam-Stripping Finishing Method Using Same

A steam stripping apparatus is provided that prevents adherence of crumbs to an inner wall of a crumbing tank, pipe blockages caused by reaggregated large particle size crumbs, clogging of a screen by small particle size crumbs, and slipping in an extruder, and which can operate over a long period of time. The crumbing tank includes a stir shaft and an impeller, and also has a baffle plate on an inner wall face. The impeller has a knife blade. The baffle plate has an approximately triangular cross-sectional shape having, on a cross section in a cylindrical lateral direction of the crumbing tank, a side face on each of an upstream side and a downstream side with respect to a flow direction of a fluid, and in which the upstream-side side face and the downstream-side side face meet to form an intersection point. 2. A steam stripping apparatus comprising at least one cylindrical upright crumbing tank which desolvates a rubber-like polymer solution or slurry by means of steam , and which recovers a rubber-like polymer , wherein:at least a first tank among the crumbing tanks comprises: a stir shaft which extends in a cylindrical upright direction, and which rotates in an axial direction; and an impeller that extends from a center of the stir shaft in a direction of an inner wall face of the crumbing tank;at least the first tank among the crumbing tanks comprises a baffle plate arranged on an inner wall face of the crumbing tank;the baffle plate has an approximately triangular cross-sectional shape having, on a cross section in a cylindrical lateral direction of the crumbing tank, a side face on each of an upstream side and a downstream side with respect to a flow direction of a fluid inside the crumbing tank, and in which the upstream-side side face and the downstream-side side face meet to form an intersection point;an angle of the baffle plate that is formed by a line segment of the upstream-side side face on a cross section in a cylindrical lateral direction of the ...

AN AUXILIARY REACTOR FOR BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION

The present invention relates to the field of biological and chemical transformation as well as physical and chemical trapping. More specifically, the invention relates to a new reactor arrangement for performing, by means of at least one solid reaction member, biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from or release of agents to, a fluidic medium. The reactor arrangement is comprised of an auxiliary reactor having a transformation device and a main reactor. The invention also provides an auxiliary reactor adapted for being connected to a main reactor, a method of using such a reactor arrangement, as well as a process involving the reactor arrangement. 2. An auxiliary reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the inlet port connected to said feed conduit is located at the first end part or the second end part claim 1 , and in that the outlet port connected to said return conduit is located in said outer wall adjacent to the flow distributor.3. An auxiliary reactor reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that it further comprises a pump adapted to enhance the flow of a liquid reaction medium from a main reactor through said feed conduit claim 1 , transformation device claim 1 , cylindrical reactor vessel claim 1 , and return conduit back to said main reactor claim 1 , thereby assisting the inherent pumping action of the transformation device.4. An auxiliary reactor reactor according to any of claim 1 , characterized in that said inner surface of the cylindrical reactor vessel comprises means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress in any of the two rotary directions along said inner surface between said first end part and said second end part.5. An auxiliary reactor reactor according to claim 4 , characterized in that said means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress consisting of at least one indentation in said inner wall shaped as (a) semi-elliptically-shaped grove(s) or protrusion(s) of semi-elliptical claim 4 , ...

Method and Reactor for Conversion of Hydrocarbons

A reactor (12, 128, 198) and method for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases utilizes a reactor (12, 128, 198) having a unique feed assembly (58, 136, 200) with an original vortex disk-like inlet flow spaces (72, 74, 76, 80, 146, 148, 150, 152, 208, 216, 218), a converging-diverging vortex mixing chamber (116), and a cylindrical reactor chamber (40). This design creates a small combustion zone and an inwardly swirling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases that passes through a converging conduit (48) with a constricted neck portion (54). This provides conditions suitable for efficient cracking of hydrocarbons, such as ethane, to form olefins.

CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF GRAPHENIC COMPOUNDS

Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing graphenic materials, such as graphene. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing graphenic materials at rates that are up to hundreds of times faster than conventional techniques, and have little batch-to-batch variation. Also provided herein are graphenic compositions of matter, including large, high quality and/or highly uniform graphene. 1. A process for manufacturing a graphenic compound (e.g. , graphene) , the process comprising:a. injecting a first stock into a first inlet of a continuous or semi-continuous reactor, the first stock comprising graphite (e.g., and an additive, such as a surfactant and/or thickening agent); andb. collecting the graphenic compound (e.g., graphene) from an outlet of the continuous reactor, the graphene oxide being collected downstream from the injection points of the first stock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the continuous reactor has a flow from the first inlet to the outlet claim 1 , the flow being a non-vortex flow.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the non-vortex flow is a helical non-vortex flow.4. The process any one of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the continuous reactor is configured to produce a helical laminar or cylindrical Couette flow.5. The process of any one of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the flow is a high shear flow with a shear rate of at least 1 claim 2 ,000 1/s.6. The process of any one of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the continuous reactor is a continuous Taylor-Couette reactor.7. The process of any one of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the continuous reactor comprises a reactor chamber into which the first stock is injected; the reactor chamber being configured between an outer surface of a cylindrical body and the inner surface of a cylindrical bore claim 2 , one or both of the cylindrical body and/or bore rotating around an axis thereof.8. The process of ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties. 1. A method for carbothermically producing a ceramic powder , the method comprising: (i) wherein the at least one preform comprises a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises a carbon source and at least one of (a) a metal oxide and (b) boric acid; and', '(ii) wherein the at least one preform comprises at least one gas channel;, 'a) preheating at least one container in a staging zone, wherein the at least one container comprises at least one preform;'}b) moving the at least one container into a reactor body, wherein the reactor body comprises a reaction zone;c) carbothermically reacting the at least one preform in the reaction zone thereby producing a ceramic powder, wherein the carbothermically reacting comprises reducing, via the carbon of the at least one preform, at least one of the metal oxide and the boric acid of the at least one preform to form the ceramic powder, wherein the ceramic powder comprises ceramic particles, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from the group consisting of metal carbide particles, metal boride particles, metal nitride particles, and combinations therefor; andd) moving the ...

UREA SYNTHESIS REACTOR AND PROCESS

A urea synthesis reactor is provided that comprises a casing extending along an axis and a first and a second inlet tube inserted through respective through openings of the casing and respectively connected, inside the casing, to a light phase distributor and to a heavy phase distributor configured to feed the reactor with a light phase containing carbon dioxide and a heavy phase containing ammonia, respectively; the light phase distributor comprises one or more tubular elements extending and/or distributed over the cross-section of the reactor and about the axis and provided with intake holes spaced apart from one another, so as to distribute said light phase in a plurality of intake points distributed transversely in the reactor and about the axis. 117-. (canceled)18. A urea synthesis reactor comprising:a casing extending along an axis and having a main portion closed at opposite axial ends by two end caps; anda first inlet tube inserted through a first opening defined by the casing and connected, inside the casing, to a light phase distributor including at least one tubular element extending, about the axis, into a cross-section of the casing, said at least one tubular element defining a plurality of spaced apart intake holes, the light phase distributor being configured to distribute a light phase containing carbon dioxide to a plurality of intake points distributed transversely in the casing about the axis, said first opening being formed through a side wall of the main portion of the casing above a peripheral edge joining said main portion with a dome-shaped bottom portion of the casing; anda second inlet tube inserted through a second opening defined by the casing and connected, inside the casing, to a heavy phase distributor configured to distribute a heavy phase containing ammonia, said second opening being formed through the side wall of the main portion of the casing above the peripheral edge joining said main portion with the dome-shaped bottom portion ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING VINYL ACETATE-ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Subjects of the invention are processes for preparing vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers in the form of their aqueous dispersions or water-redispersible powders by means of radically initiated emulsion polymerization and optional subsequent drying of the resultant polymer dispersions, characterized in that the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, ethylene and optionally one or more further ethylenically unsaturated monomers is carried out in the presence of one or more protective colloids in one or more Taylor reactors. 1. A process for preparing vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers in the form of their aqueous dispersions or water-redispersible powders by means of radically initiated emulsion polymerization and optional subsequent drying of the resultant polymer dispersions , the process comprising emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate , ethylene and optionally one or more further ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of one or more protective colloids in one or more Taylor reactors , the Taylor reactor comprising an external reactor wall , a rotor located within the external reactor wall , a reactor base , and a reactor lid , the wall , rotor , base , and lid defining a toroidal reactor volume.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the external reactor wall has an inner wall and the rotor has an outer wall claim 1 , the inner wall of the external reactor wall and the outer wall of the rotor each having a cylindrical geometry.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Taylor reactor is equipped with at least two metering devices.46. The process according to claim 2 , wherein at least one metering device is mounted on the reactor base and/or at least one metering device () is mounted on a bearing of the rotor and/or at least one metering device is mounted in the external reactor wall.56. The process according to claim 4 , wherein a plurality of metering devices () are mounted locally in succession in the external reactor wall in a flow ...

IMPROVED FLOW REACTOR

A tubular reactor provided with means whereby the tube may be rotated through reciprocating arcs about the longitudinal axis of the tube to provide radial mixing combined with plug flow to enable a reaction wherein process material continuously passes through the tubular reactor operating at predetermined reaction conditions. Static and/or dynamic mixers or agitators may be provided within the tubular reactor. 1: A tubular reactor provided with means whereby the tube may be rotated through reciprocating arcs about the longitudinal axis of the tube.2: A tubular reactor comprising of a vessel with connections for continuous feed and discharge of process material whereby the body of the vessel body is capable of rotation through reciprocating arcs to mix the process material.3. (canceled)4: A tubular reaction according to claim 1 , comprising a tubular flow reactor with plug flow performance equivalent to or better than 10 stirred tank stages per tube.5: A tubular reaction according to claim 1 , provided with mixers within the reactor.6: A tubular reactor according to in which the mixers are static mixers.7: A tubular reactor according to in which the mixers are dynamic mixers.8: A tubular reactor according to claim 1 , containing agitators within the reactor.9: A tubular reactor according to claim 8 , in which the agitators are mixers.10: A tubular reactor according to claim 8 , wherein the agitator is mounted on a shaft that is fixed in relation to the reactor body.11: A tubular reactor according to claim 10 , wherein the agitator shaft is free to rotate in relation to the vessel body.12: A tubular reactor according to claim 1 , provided with internal baffles.13. (canceled)14: A tubular reactor according to claim 1 , comprising a means to add or remove heat comprising a temperature sensor claim 1 , a temperature controller and a temperature control element.15. (canceled)16: A tubular reactor according to claim 1 , comprising a means to monitor the process conditions ...

REACTOR FOR THE HYDROTHERMAL OXIDATION TREATMENT OF AN ORGANIC MATERIAL IN A REACTION MEDIUM

A reactor for treating an organic material in a reaction medium by hydrothermal oxidation, comprising: a longitudinal body provided with a cold interface flange; an inner tube, positioned in the body to form an annular area and comprising a cold end and a hot end, the inner tube delimiting an internal reaction area in fluid communication with the annular area via an opening provided in the hot end of the inner tube; blades for stirring the reaction medium situated in the internal reaction area and mounted rotating about the longitudinal axis of the body; a sleeve for injecting organic material to be treated into the inner tube. The inner tube is mounted rotating on the cold flange, so as to be rotated about the longitudinal axis; the sleeve being positioned inside the inner tube, having a bore that defines a passage for the organic material to be treated to pass. 110-. (canceled)11. A reactor for hydrothermal oxidation treatment of an organic material in a reaction medium , comprising:a main body extending along a longitudinal axis, being provided at a first one of its ends with a cold interface flange, sealing means being disposed between the main body and the flange;an inner tube placed inside the main body so as to form an annular zone along the main body, the inner tube comprising a cold first end sealingly contacting with the cold flange, and a warm second end, the inner tube delimiting a reaction internal zone which is in fluid communication with the annular zone through at least one aperture disposed in the warm end of the inner tube;a stirring means for agitating the reaction mixture located in the reaction internal zone of the inner tube, the stirring means being rotatably mounted about the longitudinal axis;a refrigerating means for cooling an effluent located in the reaction internal zone of the inner tube before being discharged from the reactor through an outlet of the main body;an inlet for a water-oxidant mixture located on the side of the cold first ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING FLOW IN RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

A radial flow distribution system, a radial flow reactor, and components thereof, including one or more of a scallop, center pipe, and/or outer basket. Each of the scallop, the center pipe, and the outer basket has openings formed therein. wherein the sizes or the shapes of the openings vary along the length or the width of the reactor components such that the openings define a pattern in configured to manipulate and optimize the distribution of flow of feedstock out of the components and through the reactor to maximize the efficiency of the catalyst reaction thereof. 1. A scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising:an elongated flow distribution conduit having a top end and an opposing bottom end, a length extending between the top and bottom ends, opposing sides, and a width extending between the opposing sides;a plurality of openings formed in the conduit through a thickness thereof, each of the plurality of openings having a size and a shape,wherein the sizes or the shapes of the plurality of openings vary along the length or the width of the conduit such that the plurality of openings define a pattern in the conduit configured to manipulate and optimize the distribution of flow of feedstock out of the scallop and through the reactor to maximize the efficiency of the catalyst reaction thereof.2. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the sizes of the plurality of openings vary along the length and the width of the conduit.3. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the shapes of the plurality of openings vary along the length and the width of the conduit.4. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the sizes and the shapes of the plurality of openings vary along the length of the conduit.5. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the sizes and the shapes of the plurality of openings vary along the width of the conduit.6. The scallop of claim 1 , wherein the sizes and the shapes of the plurality of openings vary along the length and width of the conduit.7. The scallop of claim 1 , ...

Reactor for Multi-Phase Composition

A reactor comprising a first portion having a generally cylindrical housing, an inlet at one end of said first portion housing, the opposed end of said first portion housing being the outlet of said first portion, where said first portion includes a rotatable shaft positioned axially within said housing and including at least two shearing paddles extending radially from said rotatable shaft and a second portion having a generally frustoconical housing having a first end larger than a second end, said first end constituting an inlet to said second portion and coextensive with said opposed end of said first portion housing, and an outlet at said second end, where said second portion includes a rotatable shaft positioned axially within said housing and including at least one generally helical flight extending radially from said rotatable shaft.

ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS IN A REACTOR WITH CONTROLLED VELOCITY PROFILE

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material, as well as to a catalyst per se as obtainable or obtained according to said process. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the zeolitic material, in particular as a catalyst. 1: A process for preparing a zeolitic material having a framework structure comprising YOand optionally comprising XO , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element , said process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3, '(i) preparing a mixture comprising a source of YO, optionally a source of XO, and a liquid solvent system;'}(ii) feeding the mixture prepared in (i) as a reaction mixture into a reactor;{'sub': 2', '2', '3, '(iii) heating the reaction mixture in the reactor, to obtain a reacted mixture comprising a zeolitic material having a framework structure comprising YOand optionally comprising XO; and'}(iv) collecting the reacted mixture obtained in (iii) as an effluent from the reactor;wherein the reactor is a Taylor-Couette reactor comprising an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which are coaxially aligned.2: The process of claim 1 , wherein the Taylor-Couette reactor has a rotor-stator set-up claim 1 , with the outer cylinder as a stator.3: A process for preparing a zeolitic material having a framework structure comprising YOand optionally comprising XO claim 1 , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element claim 1 , said process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '3, '(i) preparing a mixture comprising a source of YO, optionally a source of XO, and a liquid solvent system;'}(ii) feeding the mixture prepared in (i) as a reaction mixture into a reactor;{'sub': 2', '2', '3, '(iii) heating the reaction mixture in the reactor, to obtain a reacted mixture comprising a zeolitic material having a framework structure comprising YOand optionally comprising XO; and'}(iv) collecting the reacted mixture obtained in (iii) as an effluent from the reactor;wherein, in ( ...

HIGH TEMPERATURE PRESSURE DIGESTION VESSEL SYSTEM WITH DUAL ACTION SEAL

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position. 1. A method of carrying out high pressure reactions comprising:heating reactants in a reaction vessel that is closed with a sliding plug; andreleasing gases from the reaction vessel by sliding the plug to open a radially extending vent opening in the reaction vessel, but without removing the sliding plug from the vessel or otherwise opening the vessel.2. A method according to further comprising heating the reactions using microwave radiation in a microwave transparent polymer vessel.3. A method according to further comprising exerting a defined force against the sliding plug to preclude the plug from sliding until the gas pressure in the vessel exceeds the defined force being applied.4. A method of carrying out high pressure reactions comprising:placing reagents in a polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel, with the inner face of the reaction vessel wall including a reaction cylinder segment, a mouth cylinder segment wider than the reaction cylinder segment, and a tapered segment that extends between the reaction cylinder segment and the mouth cylinder segment;placing the reaction vessel in a cylindrical reinforcing sleeve so that the reinforcing sleeve surrounds portions of the reaction vessel other than the radially extending vent opening;placing a stepped sliding closure plug in the mouth cylinder segment of the reaction vessel and placing a dimensionally stable cap on the closure;placing the reaction vessel with ...

VESSEL AND DISPOSABLE INNER SLEEVE FOR MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS

A combination for carrying out microwave assisted reactions is disclosed, such as acid digestion and solvent extraction. The combination includes a microwave transparent pressure-resistant reaction vessel and a flexible film fluoropolymer liner inside the reaction vessel. The flexible film liner has a size and shape that substantially conforms to the inner walls of the reaction vessel. A pressure-relief closure is positioned on the reaction vessel and the flexible film liner, and an infrared temperature detector that operates in wavelengths (frequencies) to which both the reaction vessel and the flexible liner are transparent, so that an exact fit and conductive heating to the outside of the reaction vessel are not required. 1. A combination for carrying out microwave assisted reactions , comprising:a microwave transparent pressure-resistant reaction vessel;a flexible film fluoropolymer liner inside said reaction vessel, said flexible film liner having a size and shape that substantially conforms to the inner walls of said reaction vessel;a pressure-relief closure on said reaction vessel and said flexible film liner; andan infrared temperature detector that operates in wavelengths (frequencies) to which both said reaction vessel and said flexible liner are transparent (so that an exact fit and conductive heating to the outside of the reaction vessel are not required).2. A combination for microwave assisted reactions according to further comprising an outer reinforcing sleeve surrounding said reaction vessel.3. A combination for microwave assisted reactions according to wherein said pressure relief closure comprises:a floating plug seated in the mouth of said reaction vessel and the mouth of said flexible film liner; anda reaction vessel lid fixable to said pressure resistant reaction vessel in a pressure resistant relationship; anda pressure relief opening in said lid.4. A combination for microwave assisted reactions according to wherein said microwave transparent ...

VESSEL FOR SEPARATING COMPONENTS OF A REACTION MIXTURE OBTAINED BY HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED MONOMERS WITH INTEGRATED BURSTING DISCS

The present disclosure relates to a vessel for separating, at a pressure of from 10 MPa to 50 MPa, a composition comprising liquid components and gaseous components into a liquid fraction and a gaseous fraction, wherein 1. A vessel for separating , at a pressure of from 10 MPa to 50 MPa , a composition comprising liquid components and gaseous components into a liquid fraction and a gaseous fraction , whereinthe separation vessel has a cylindrical shape and is vertically arranged,the separation vessel has at its top a manhole, which is surrounded by a thickened part of the separation vessel wall;the separation vessel is equipped with means for introducing the composition into the separation vessel, with means for withdrawing a gaseous fraction from the top of the separation vessel, and with means for withdrawing a liquid fraction from the bottom of the separation vessel; andthe separation vessel comprises at least one bursting disc which is held by a bursting disc holder which is installed pressure-tight within a boring in the thickened part of the separation vessel wall.2. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the bursting disc holder is vertically installed in the thickened part of the separation vessel wall.3. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the bursting disc holder is fixed to the separation vessel wall by flange connection from the outside.4. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the bursting disc is arranged at the inner end of the boring in the thickened part of the separation vessel wall in a way that the surface of the bursting disc assembly in contact with the gaseous fraction within the separation vessel and the wall surface of the manhole are arranged in one plane.5. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the separation vessel has an L/D ratio of from 4 to 10.6. The vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the means for withdrawing a gaseous fraction from the top of the separation vessel is a boring in the thickened part of the ...

HIGH TEMPERATURE PRESSURE DIGESTION VESSEL SYSTEM WITH DUAL ACTION SEAL

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position. 1. A vessel system for high-pressure reactions comprising:a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of said reaction vessel;a supporting frame into which said vessel is received;complementing keying structure elements on said vessel and on said frame to limit the orientation of said reaction vessel in said supporting frame and said radially extending vent opening to a defined single position.2. A vessel system according to wherein said supporting frame has a vent tube that is aligned with said radially extending opening in said reaction vessel when said reaction vessel is keyed into said supporting frame.3. A vessel system according to wherein said supporting frame further comprises a clamp that bears against said plugged vessel to keep said vessel closed at defined pressures generated by reactions inside said vessel.4. A vessel system according to wherein said keying structure elements include:defined corners in said supporting frame; anda keyed portion of said reaction vessel for engaging said defined corners in said supporting frame.5. A vessel system according to further comprising:a dimensionally stable cap on said plugged vessel; anda threaded bolt in said frame that bears against said dimensionally stable cap and said plugged reaction vessel.6. A vessel system according to wherein said polymer reaction vessel is formed of PTFE.7. A vessel system according to further comprising a composite sleeve around said reaction vessel and ...

OXIDATION PROCESS

A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme. 1. A method for regenerating a caustic solution comprising:providing a rich caustic liquid containing mercaptans;mixing the rich caustic liquid with a liquid catalyst to form a liquid caustic catalyst admixture;directing the liquid caustic catalyst admixture into a bottom section of a vertical column configured to cause the liquid caustic catalyst admixture to flow upward inside the column;injecting an oxygen containing gas into the liquid caustic catalyst admixture to form a gas liquid mix that flows upward inside the column entering a first reaction zone;oxidizing the mercaptans to disulfide oil in the first reaction zone forming an oxidized gas liquid mix;directing the oxidized gas liquid mix into a conduit positioned between a top tray and a bottom tray such that a liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic exits the conduit onto an upper surface of the top tray that is fixedly attached to an upper section of the column;directing the liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic into a shroud connected to a lower surface of the top tray where the liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic contacts a bundle of vertical hanging fibers such that the liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic flows down individual fibers in the bundle and into a second reaction zone;maintaining the second reaction zone as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor;oxidizing mercaptans in the liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic while the liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic flows down the fibers in ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 1. A vessel comprising:a first shell; and a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature; and', 'a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature;', 'wherein the first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature., 'a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell defining a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, a cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis including2. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.3. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising a support structure disposed within the annular enclosure claim 2 , wherein portions of the support structure extend transverse to the longitudinal axis and extending circumferentially about a portion of an exterior surface of the second shell.4. The vessel of claim 1 , further comprising a heating structure coupled to the wall of the second shell.5. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.6. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising a pump operatively coupled to the first ...

Reactor arrangement and method for pre-hydrolysis of biomass material

A reactor arrangement for pre-hydrolysis of biomass material. The reactor arrangement comprises a reactor vessel arranged substantially horizontally, wherein the vessel comprises an inlet for receiving the biomass material arranged at an upper portion of the vessel. The inlet may be arranged at a first longitudinal end of the vessel. The vessel may furthermore comprise an outlet at a second longitudinal end of the vessel. The reactor arrangement further comprises a set of steam injection orifices arranged to inject or supply steam into the reactor vessel. The set of steam injection orifices comprises at least two orifices arranged below the inlet at a distance from each other. The at least two orifices may be arranged at a distance from each other in the lateral direction of the reactor vessel. Furthermore, a method for pre-hydrolysis treatment of biomass in a substantially horizontal reactor vessel is provided.

BATCH REACTOR WITH BAFFLE

A batch reactor of which an installation structure of baffles is improved is provided. A batch reactor includes: a reactor main body containing a reactant; agitation blades provided in the reactor main body to agitate the reactant; a motor coupled to a rotation shaft of the agitation blades to rotate the agitation blades; and a plurality of baffles provided between an inner wall of the reactor main body and the agitation blades, and disposed at a distance from each other along a circumferential direction of the reactor main body. Each of the plurality of baffles includes a plurality of pipes disposed to be adjacent to each other along a radial direction and a circumferential direction of the reactor main body. 1. A batch reactor comprising:a reactor main body containing a reactant;agitation blades provided in the reactor main body to agitate the reactant;a motor coupled to a rotation shaft of the agitation blades to rotate the agitation blades; anda plurality of baffles provided between an inner wall of the reactor main body and the agitation blades, and disposed at a distance from each other along a circumferential direction of the reactor main body,wherein each of the plurality of baffles comprises a plurality of pipes disposed to be adjacent to each other along a radial direction and a circumferential direction of the reactor main body.2. The batch reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pipes are parallel with the rotation shaft and integrally connected with each other in a meandering pattern by U-shaped connection parts.3. The batch reactor of claim 2 , wherein one of the plurality of pipes penetrates a bottom portion of the reactor main body and another pipe penetrates a side wall of the reactor main body.4. The batch reactor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pipes comprise at least three pipes arranged in a triangular pattern.5. The batch reactor of claim 4 , wherein at least two among the three pipes are arranged along a radial direction of the ...

Plant and process for producing fatty alcohol

A plant and a process for carrying out the continuous production of fatty alcohol from fatty acid ester by catalytic trickle-bed hydrogenation, comprising shaft reactors each containing at least one catalyst fixed bed, which are connected with each other via pipe conduits such that they can be traversed by the educt/product mixture one after the other, in freely selectable order.

Surface treating method using taylor reactor

Disclosed herein is a surface treating method using a Taylor reactor wherein a washing, neutralization, heavy metal removal, etc. can be efficiently carried out, while saving a surface treating time and a treatment liquid and enhancing a treatment efficiency by using a Taylor eddy current which in general is formed at a Taylor reactor. The surface treatment method using a Taylor reactor formed of a cylindrical reaction chamber and a cylindrical rotation body which is configured to rotate in the reaction chamber may include (1) a supply step wherein a surface treatment thing and a surface treatment liquid are supplied into the reaction chamber; and (2) a treatment step wherein the surface treatment thing is stayed in the reaction chamber while rotating the cylindrical rotation body, and the stay time of the surface treatment thing is in a range of 1 minute to 6 hours.

METHOD OF PREPARING CORE-SHELL PARTICLES

A method of manufacturing core-shell particles comprises: filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of a non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside; rotating the rotor after terminating the filling; forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates; supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed; separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; and drying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating. 1. A method of manufacturing core-shell particles , the method comprising:filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of an non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside;rotating the rotor after terminating the filling;forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates;supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed;separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; anddrying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein as the liquid comprising the core-shell particles separated at the separating claim 1 , a reactant in a normal state within the reactor is used.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein lithium chloride ...

Method for Recycling Carbon Dioxide

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide. 1. A method for recycling carbon dioxide comprising:injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace;reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; andconverting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound.2. The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the injecting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material claim 1 , the carbon raw material is injected into a front section in a length direction of the rotary heating furnace claim 1 , and the reaction gas is injected into a rear section in the length direction of the rotary heating furnace.3. The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the injecting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material claim 1 , the reaction gas and the carbon raw material are injected together into a front section in a length direction of the rotary heating furnace.4. The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction gas is injected so that a retention time in the rotary heating furnace is 10 to 60 minutes claim 1 , and a ratio of an injection rate of the carbon raw material relative to an injection rate of the reaction gas is 2 to 5.5. The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon raw material includes coke claim 1 , carbon ...

METHOD OF CONTROLLING RECOMBINATION OR BACK REACTIONS OF PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS IN A DISSOCIATION REACTION

The present invention provides a method of controlling back reactions or recombination reactions of product molecules formed in a dissociation reaction of reactant molecules of a fluid sample, in a reaction chamber. The method comprises introducing the fluid sample into the reaction chamber through one or more inlets, initiating the dissociation reaction of the reactant molecules of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber to form the product molecules, creating a patterned flow of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber to reduce/minimize disordered and/or turbulent mixing of the reactant molecules and/or product molecules in the fluid sample, and conveying the fluid sample comprising the product molecules out from the reaction chamber through one or more outlets. 1. A method of controlling back reactions or recombination reactions of product molecules formed in a dissociation reaction of reactant molecules of a fluid sample , in a reaction chamber , the method comprising:introducing the fluid sample into the reaction chamber through one or more inlets;initiating the dissociation reaction of the reactant molecules of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber to form the product molecules;creating a patterned flow of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber to reduce disordered and/or turbulent mixing of the reactant molecules and/or product molecules in the fluid sample; andconveying the fluid sample comprising the product molecules out from the reaction chamber through one or more outlets.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patterned flow is helical flow or ordered flow of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 2 , wherein creating the helical flow of the fluid sample in the reaction chamber comprises orienting the one or more inlets tangentially with respect to the reaction chamber and orienting the one or more outlets axially with respect to the reaction chamber.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein creating the ordered flow ...

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING COMPONENTS OF A POLYMER-MONOMER MIXTURE OBTAINED BY HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED MONOMERS

A process for separating polymeric and gaseous components of a polymer-monomer mixture at a pressure of from 0.12 MPa to 0.6 MPa and a temperature of from 120° C. to 300° C. in a separation vessel is provided. The separation vessel has a vertically arranged cylindrical shape with a ratio of length to diameter L/D of from 0.6 to 10 and an inlet pipe capable of introducing the polymer-monomer mixture into the separation vessel which the inlet pipe extends vertically from the top of the separation vessel into the separation vessel. Further a process for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers from ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators at temperatures from 100° C. to 350° C. and pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 500 MPa comprising such a process for separating a polymer-monomer mixture is provided. 1. A process for separating a polymer-monomer mixture comprising polymeric components and gaseous components into a liquid fraction and a gaseous fraction , the process comprising the steps of:(i) introducing the polymer-monomer mixture into a separation vessel;(ii) separating the polymer-monomer mixture at a pressure of from 0.12 MPa to 0.6 MPa and a temperature of from 120° C. to 300° C. into a gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction;(iii) withdrawing the gaseous fraction from the top of the separation vessel; and(iv) withdrawing the liquid fraction from the bottom of the separation vessel,wherein the polymeric components of the mixture are obtained by high-pressure polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of at least one free-radical polymerization initiator,and whereina) the separation vessel has a vertically arranged cylindrical shape with a ratio of length to diameter L/D of from 0.6 to 10;b) the separation vessel is equipped with an inlet pipe capable of introducing the polymer-monomer mixture into the separation vessel;c) the inlet pipe extends vertically from the top of ...

Method and System for Monitoring a Chemical Reaction

In a method for monitoring a chemical reaction in a continuously operated reactor with at least one tube section, wherein the reactor has an intake, an outlet and a main flow direction running between the intake and the outlet, substances are supplied to the reactor via the intake and a product mixture made up of these substances and the solidified products thereof is created in the reactor. The reaction is monitored and measures are taken to prevent an uncontrolled reaction process, wherein these measures comprise at least the following steps: interruption of the intake and outlet, active pressure relief of the reactor and flushing of the reactor with an inert substance. This facilitates a safe and efficient interruption of the chemical reaction. 1. A method for monitoring a chemical reaction in a continuously operated reactor with at least one tube section , wherein the reactor has an intake , an outlet and a main flow direction running between the intake and the outlet ,wherein substances are supplied to the reactor via the intake and a product mixture made up of these substances and solidified products thereof is created in the reactor,wherein the reaction is monitored and measures are taken to prevent an uncontrolled reaction process,wherein these measures comprise at least the following steps:interruption of the intake and outlet,active pressure relief of the reactor andflushing of the reactor with an inert substance.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein active pressure relief and flushing take place only after the intake and outlet have been interrupted.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein active pressure relief and flushing take place simultaneously.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein flushing takes place against the main flow direction of the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the main flow direction runs in a vertical direction and flushing takes place from top to bottom.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

OXIDATION PROCESS

A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme. 1. A method of oxidizing mercaptans to disulfide oil comprising:providing a liquid stream containing mercaptans and a catalyst to a top portion of a column containing a bundle of vertical hanging fibers;mixing an oxygen containing gas with the liquid stream to form an admixture prior to contacting the admixture with the vertical hanging fibers;{'b': 20', '100, 'directing the admixture to flow down the fibers and to enter a gas continuous phase reaction zone comprising from about % to about % by volume vapor;'}oxidizing the mercaptans to disulfide oil as the admixture flows down the fibers in the reaction zone;collecting, separating and removing the disulfide oil from the column.2. A method for regenerating a caustic solution comprising:providing a rich caustic liquid containing mercaptans;mixing the rich caustic liquid with a liquid catalyst to form a liquid caustic catalyst admixture;directing the liquid caustic catalyst admixture into a bottom section of a vertical column configured to cause the liquid caustic catalyst admixture to flow upward inside the column;injecting an oxygen containing gas into the liquid caustic catalyst admixture to form a gas liquid mix that flows upward inside the column entering a first reaction zone;oxidizing the mercaptans to disulfide oil in the first reaction zone forming an oxidized gas liquid mix;directing the oxidized gas liquid mix into a conduit positioned between a top tray and a bottom tray such that a liquid mix of disulfide oil and caustic exits the conduit onto a ...

A FURNACE SUITED FOR CHEMILUMINESCENT SULPHUR DETECTION

The invention is directed to a furnace suited for oxidation of a gaseous starting mixture comprising one or more sulphur compounds to obtain an oxidized gas mixture and reduction of the oxidized gas mixture to obtain a gaseous mixture of reduced sulphur compounds comprising an interior furnace space, an inlet conduit for the gaseous starting mixture, an inlet for supply of an oxygen comprising gas, a ceramic comprising outlet conduit provided with an inlet opening for the mixture of reduced sulphur compounds, an inlet for hydrogen and heating means, wherein the inlet opening of the outlet conduit is comprised of more than one opening which openings fluidly connect the interior furnace space and the interior of the outlet conduit. 1. A furnace suited for oxidation of a gaseous starting mixture comprising one or more sulphur compounds to obtain an oxidized gas mixture and reduction of the oxidized gas mixture to obtain a gaseous mixture of reduced sulphur compounds comprising:an interior furnace space,an inlet conduit for the gaseous starting mixture,an inlet for supply of an oxygen comprising gas,a ceramic comprising outlet conduit provided with an inlet opening for the mixture of reduced sulphur compounds,an inlet for hydrogen, anda heating means, wherein the inlet opening of the outlet conduit is comprised of more than one opening which openings fluidly connect the interior furnace space and the interior of the outlet conduit.2. A furnace according to claim 1 , wherein the inlet opening of the outlet conduit is comprised of at least four openings.3. A furnace according to claim 2 , wherein the inlet opening of the outlet conduit is comprised of at least five openings and at most 50 openings.4. A furnace according to claim 1 , wherein the outlet conduit is a tube which is provided with a circular end wall at its end and wherein the more than one opening of the inlet opening of the tubular outlet conduit are openings in said circular end wall.5. A furnace according ...

Hydroprocessing Reactor to Lower Pressure Drop and Extend Catalyst Life

A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks includes a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel. A basket is located within the reactor vessel interior and contains a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock that is discharged to a purified feedstock outlet. A catalyst is located within the reactor vessel and in fluid communication with the purified feedstock outlet of the basket for contacting the purified feedstock to form a desired product. 1. A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks comprising:a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel, the interior being defined by an interior wall of the reactor vessel;a distributor assembly located below and in fluid communication with the inlet for discharging the feedstock radially outward towards the interior walls of the reactor vessel;a basket located within the reactor vessel interior and below the distributor assembly, the basket having a fluid permeable outer wall and a first fluid permeable inner wall that is spaced radially inward from the outer wall to define a first annular interior space of the basket, the first annular interior space of the basket containing a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock, the outer wall of the basket being spaced radially inward from the interior wall of the reactor vessel to define an annular flow space between the outer wall of the basket and the interior wall of the reactor vessel, and wherein feedstocks introduced into the reactor vessel from the distributor assembly flow through the annular flow space and radially inward through the first annular interior space of the basket and through the particulate material to facilitate removal of contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock, the first fluid ...

Process for producing olefin polymer

Disclosed is to provide a process for producing an olefin polymer by continuous polymerization according to which the transition metal compound and the co-catalyst component promptly contact after they are fed to the polymerization reaction tank. The above process for producing an olefin polymer comprises continuously polymerizing an olefinic monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst obtained by contact treatment of a transition metal compound and a co-catalyst component in a polymerization reaction tank in which an agitation shaft having an agitating blade is suspended in the central part of the tank.

Ultrasonic liquid treatment system

In a system and process for ultrasonically treating a liquid having a thermal conductivity, an elongate treatment chamber housing has an inlet and an outlet such that liquid flows longitudinally through an interior space of the chamber from the inlet to the outlet. At least part of the interior space of the chamber housing is filled with a bed of particles having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than that of the liquid whereby a ratio of the thermal conductivity of the particles to the thermal conductivity of the liquid is in the range of about 2:1 to about 400:1. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends longitudinally within the interior space of the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency to generate mechanical ultrasonic vibration within the housing in direct contact with the liquid flowing therein as the liquid flows through the bed of particles.

Vapor phase reactor off-gas recycle system for use in the vapor state polymerization of monomers

An essentially total reactor off-gas recycle process essentially isobaric in nature is herein disclosed for use in polymerizations wherein a polymerizable monomer or a mixture thereof is polymerized in a vapor state polymerization process using a stirred-bed, quench-cooled, horizontal reactor.

Process and apparatus for fluid bed polymerization

In gas phase fluid bed polymerization processes, operation can be achieved over wider ranges of fluidizing gas velocities without incurring undue energy costs by adjusting the pressure drop through the grid below the bed to provide a ratio of pressure drop through the grid to pressure drop through the grid and bed above about 0.15:1. The range of fluidizing gas velocities can enhance the practicality of operating the processes over varying bed heights while reducing the risk of forming deposits of polymer. The processes of the invention are particularly useful to accommodate start-ups, catalyst transitions and shutdowns.

Polymer powder storage and/or transport and/or degassing vessels

Polymer powder vessel having a silo including a main vertical cylinder and a hopper at the bottom of the cylinder, a polymer powder which occupies the full volume of the hopper and at least a part of the volume of the cylinder, a polymer powder silo inlet pipe connected to the silo at a height located above the polymer powder, and a polymer hopper withdrawal pipe is also connected to the hopper. The polymer powder hopper withdrawal pipe is also connected to the silo at a location above the polymer powder for recirculating a part of the polymer powder within the silo.

Multi-zone reactor for continuous polymerization of alpha olefin monomers

The invention relates to a multi-zone reactor suitable for the continuous fluidized bed polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, which multi-zone reactor is operable in condensed mode, which multi-zone reactor comprises a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone and a distribution plate, wherein the first zone is separated from the second zone by the distribution plate, wherein the multi-zone reactor is extended in the vertical direction wherein the second zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the first zone and wherein the third zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the second zone, and wherein the fourth zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the third zone wherein the second zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the second zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor wherein the third zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the third zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor wherein the largest diameter of the inner wall of the third zone is larger than the largest diameter of the inner wall of the second zone.

Process for producing olefin polymer

Disclosed is to provide a process for producing an olefin polymer by continuous polymerization according to which the transition metal compound and the co-catalyst component promptly contact after they are fed to the polymerization reaction tank. The above process for producing an olefin polymer comprises continuously polymerizing an olefinic monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst obtained by contact treatment of a transition metal compound and a co-catalyst component in a polymerization reaction tank in which an agitation shaft having an agitating blade is suspended in the central part of the tank.

Polymerization of alpha-olefins

An advanced control method is disclosed for the polymerization of an alpha olefi n in a substantially horizontal, quench-cooled, stirred bed reactor.