НОВАЯ НАСАДКА С ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА МЕЖДУ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗОЙ, ПРОТЕКАЮЩЕЙ В ПРОТИВОТОКЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к насадке с трехмерной структурой, особенно хорошо подходящей для осуществления гомогенного и анизотропного перемешивания газовой фазы и дисперсной твердой фазы, перемещающихся в противотоке; и к применению указанной насадки в отгонной секции установок каталитического крекинга в псевдоожиженном слое. Насадка для установки каталитического крекинга, позволяющая осуществить гомогенный контакт между газовой фазой и эмульсионной фазой, перемещающимися в противотоке, содержит трехмерную структуру, состоящую из повторяющихся простых элементов, образованных секущими плоскостями, указанный трехмерный простой элемент представляет собой сложный объем, ограниченный тремя лопастями, каждая лопасть расположена в одной плоскости, и плоскости образованы таким образом, что, взятые попарно, они всегда имеют пересечение, каждая лопасть расположена в одной из секущих плоскостей, и различные простые элементы распределены в плоскости, отличной от секущих плоскостей, согласно шагу ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Biodiesel

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Biodiesel aus biogenen fett- oder öl-haltigen Ausgangsgemischen mit einem hohen Anteil freier Fettsäuren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Biodiesel.

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE LIQUID PHASE HYDROGENATION OF ALPHA, BETA-INSATIATED CARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN

COUNTER CURRENT COLUMN WITH LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL

The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of biodiesel from biogenous initial mixtures containing fat or oil and having a high proportion of free fatty acids. The invention also relates to a device for producing biodiesel.

METHODS FOR SEPARATING MIXTURE COMPONENTS

The invention relates to methods for separating mixture components such as reactor effluent components. In particular, the invention relates to the use of an extractive agent such as a hydrocarbon in an extractive distillation process to separate monomers such as a C4~C7 isoolefins such as isobutylene from mixtures such as reactor effluents including one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC).

Method for determining a fluid exchange.

L'invention concerne une structure de garnissage (1) d'une colonne d'échange de fluides, ladite structure définissant une surface d'échange pour au moins une phase liquide descendante destinée à être mise en contact intime avec au moins avec une phase gazeuse ascendante, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un volume formé d'une pluralité de rangées de faisceaux de tubes (10), chaque faisceau comprenant quatre tubes (10a-10d) respectivement orientés suivant quatre directions (D10a-D10d) formant un angle avec l'axe de la structure, la pluralité de tubes formant une pluralité de passages débouchant à la surface externe de la structure (1).

МЕТОД И УСТРОЙСТВО НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ПЕРЕЭТЕРИФИКАЦИИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

Описывается способ непрерывной переэтерификации диметил- или диэтилтерефталата с этиленгликолем, пропиленгликолем или бутиленгликолем с присутствием катализатора переэтерификации, при котором смесь переэтерифицируемых исходных материалов подается в реактор, в котором она последовательно проходит через каналы или трубы реакции и при выходе с этой ступени подается соответственно на тарелку колонны. Там реакционная смесь подвергается массообмену и энергообмену вместе с протекающими ей навстречу испарениями последующих ступеней перед тем, как ее направят в каналы или трубы реакции следующей ступени и, в конце концов, заберут продукт переэтерификации из реактора.

Vapor-liquid contacting apparatus in petrochemical industries, has low surface area structured grid packing layer extending from lower tray to preset height

Le dispositif comporte une colonne verticale (1) dans laquelle sont disposés des plateaux de fractionnement superposés et espacés verticalement (2) et comportant des perforations réparties uniformément sur des sections de plancher du plateau qui ne comportent pas de conduits descendants (12) et un remplissage structuré en forme de grille de faible surface spécifique (3) s'étendant vers le haut en direction d'un second plateau sur une distance comprise entre environ un dixième et environ les trois quarts de la distance verticale entre deux plateaux de fractionnement. Application notamment aux colonnes de distillation servant à séparer des composés chimiques volatils.

ACTIVE STRUCTURES Of PURIFICATION FOR the GARNISHING AND the CONSTITUTION OF COMPACT FILTRESPHYSICO-BIOLOGIQUES

НОВАЯ НАСАДКА С ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА МЕЖДУ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗОЙ В ПРОТИВОТОКЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к насадке с трехмерной структурой, позволяющей осуществить гомогенный контакт между газовой фазой и диспергированной твердой фазой, перемещающимися в противотоке. Насадка состоит из совокупности рядов шевронов, при этом ряды шевронов, по существу, параллельные, распределены в двух плоскостях, образующих угол альфа, составляющий от 20 до 70°, относительно горизонтали, и каждый ряд шевронов характеризуется углом бета, определяющим границу шеврона, при этом этот угол составляет от 60 до 120°. Ширина шеврона составляет от 3 до 40 см, два соседних ряда шевронов в одной и той же плоскости разделены пространством, примерно равным ширине одного ряда шевронов, ряды шевронов, принадлежащие второй плоскости, находятся точно в интервалах, оставшихся свободными между рядами шевронов первой плоскости, с образованием структуры с шахматным порядком, и указанная насадка размещена между двумя проволочными сетками, к котором приварены края рядов шевронов, с образованием блока ...

НОВАЯ НАСАДКА С ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА МЕЖДУ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗОЙ, ПРОТЕКАЮЩЕЙ В ПРОТИВОТОКЕ

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einspeisen eines Fluids in eine Kolonne

Packed contact vessel

A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel (2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed around a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical. The vessel may be used for the counter-current or w-current contact between liquid and a gas. The redistributor 4 may have transverse vanes, a weir on its outer edge or holes. The column may be used with dumped packing Fig. 9 not shown illustrates a redistributor attached to structured packing. ...

Wall wipers for use in mass transfer towers

A PROCESS VESSEL

FRACTIONATION APPARATUS WITH LOW SURFACE AREA GRID ABOVE TRAY DECK

The flooding capacity of a fractionation tray (2) is increased by the addition of at least one layer of low surface area grids (3) above the inlet to the downcomers (6,12) located on the tray (2). The grids (3) extend upward for a distance equal to one to four times the depth of the downcomers. The grids may rest upon the top edge of the downcomers or on the tray decking between the top portions of the downcomer sidewalk.

INHERENTLY SAFE OXYGEN/HYDROCARBON GAS MIXER

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

МЕТОД И УСТРОЙСТВО НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ПЕРЕЭТЕРИФИКАЦИИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ ТЕРЕФТАЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

Описывается способ непрерывной переэтерификации диметил- или диэтилтерефталата с этиленгликолем, пропиленгликолем или бутиленгликолем с присутствием катализатора переэтерификации, при котором смесь переэтерифицируемых исходных материалов подается в реактор, в котором она последовательно проходит через каналы или трубы реакции и при выходе с этой ступени подается соответственно на тарелку колонны. Там реакционная смесь подвергается массообмену и энергообмену вместе с протекающими ей навстречу испарениями последующих ступеней перед тем, как ее направят в каналы или трубы реакции следующей ступени и, в конце концов, заберут продукт переэтерификации из реактора.

КОНСТРУКЦИЯ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ ОБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение предлагает конструкцию (1) наполнителя обменной колонны для текучих сред, определяющей поверхность обмена для, по крайней мере, одной нисходящей жидкой фазы, которая вступает в плотный контакт с, по крайней мере, одной восходящей газообразной фазой. Отличительными чертами конструкции наполнителя является то, что он имеет объем, образованный множеством рядов пучков трубок (10), причем каждый пучок содержит четыре трубки (10a-10d), которые, соответственно, ориентированы в четырех направлениях (D10a-D10d) под углом к оси конструкции, при этом трубки образуют каналы, выходящие на внешнюю поверхность конструкции (1).

ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО КАРБОНАТА

Целью настоящего изобретения является предоставление конкретного процесса для непрерывного производства ароматических карбонатов, содержащих диарилкарбонат в качестве основного продукта, путем применения в качестве исходного вещества алкиларилкарбоната, который можно получать по реакции переэтерификации между диалкилкарбонатом и ароматическим моногидроксисоединением, с использованием многоступенчатой дистилляционной колонны непрерывного действия, в которой присутствует катализатор, и непрерывной подачи исходного вещества в многоступенчатую дистилляционную колонну непрерывного действия, который дает возможность получать диарилкарбонат с высокой селективностью и высокой производительностью стабильно в течение длительного времени в промышленном масштабе не менее чем 1 т/ч. Хотя было сделано множество различных предложений, касающихся процессов получения ароматических карбонатов способом реактивной дистилляции, все они являются процессами, осуществляемыми в некрупном масштабе и работающими ...

ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО КАРБОНАТА

Целью настоящего изобретения является предоставление конкретного процесса для непрерывного производства ароматических карбонатов, содержащих диарилкарбонат в качестве основного продукта, путем применения в качестве исходного вещества алкиларилкарбоната, который можно получать по реакции переэтерификации между диалкилкарбонатом и ароматическим моногидроксисоединением, с использованием многоступенчатой дистилляционной колонны непрерывного действия, в которой присутствует катализатор, и непрерывной подачи исходного вещества в многоступенчатую дистилляционную колонну непрерывного действия, который дает возможность получать диарилкарбонат с высокой селективностью и высокой производительностью стабильно в течение длительного времени в промышленном масштабе не менее чем 1 т/ч. Хотя было сделано множество различных предложений, касающихся процессов получения ароматических карбонатов способом реактивной дистилляции, все они являются процессами, осуществляемыми в некрупном масштабе и работающими ...

ACTIVE STRUCTURES Of PURIFICATION FOR the GARNISHING AND the CONSTITUTION OF COMPACT FILTERS PHYSICO-BIOLOGIQUES

La présente invention concerne des structures actives d'épuration, d'usage combiné, en localisation et pourcentage, en association avec des matériaux plus classiques, pour la constitution de réacteurs associés dans des filtres compacts, caractérisée en les structures actives de formes et compositions variées répondent à des fonctions spécifiques ou combinées, définissant ainsi des membranes discontinues (2) et des compartiments actifs spécialisés pour l'extraction de boues (1), la distribution et la répartition des fluides (12), l'élimination privilégiée de la pollution biodégradable, la dénitrification (13) et la désinfection (21), notamment. Ces structures actives entrent, comme composants complémentaires ou principaux, dans les filtres biologiques dits non saturés, destinés principalement aux petites installations d'épuration.

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC CARBONATE

It is an object of the present invention to provide, for the case of continuously producing aromatic carbonates containing a diaryl carbonate as a main product by taking an alkyl aryl carbonate as a starting material, which is obtainable through a transesterification reaction between a dialkyl carbonate and an aromatic monohydroxy compound, using a continuous multi-stage distillation column in which a catalyst is present, and continuously feeding the starting material into the continuous multi-stage distillation column, a specific process that enables the diaryl carbonate to be produced with high selectivity and high productivity stably for a prolonged period of time on an industrial scale of not less than 1 ton per hour. Although there have been various proposals regarding processes for the production of aromatic carbonates by means of a reactive distillation method, these have all been on a small scale and short operating time laboratory level, and there have been no disclosures whatsoever ...

НОВАЯ НАСАДКА С ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ КОНТАКТА МЕЖДУ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗОЙ В ПРОТИВОТОКЕ

A process vessel

A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel 2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed round a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical. ...

PROCEDURE CONTAINER

Processo para a produção de biodiesel

Downcomer for chemical process tower

An improved downcomer for vapor liquid contact towers. The downcomer is formed between generally semi-conical walls and the wall of the tower. The downcomer outlet is formed by the lower edge of the generally semi-conical walls and the wall of the tower with the lower edge of the generally semi-conical walls being closer to the wall of the tower at the center of the downcomer outlet than at the opposing end portions of the downcomer outlet so that more liquid flows through the opposing end portions of the downcomer outlet than through the center of the downcomer outlet thereby providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid across the tray adjacent the downcomer.

Isolation of high-purity triethylenediamine (TEDA) by distillation

Process for purifying triethylenediamine (TEDA) by disillation, in which the fractionation is carried out in a dividing wall column.

ПРОТИВОТОЧНАЯ КОЛОННА С РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЕМ ЖИДКОСТИ

Противоточная колонна (1) содержит распределитель (2) жидкости, включающий в себя множество трубчатых или желобообразных распределительных органов (21). Эти распределительные органы (21) расположены в колонне над набивкой (3) с возможностью образования в протекающем вверх газе на высоте распределительных органов нескольких частичных потоков (40). Между набивкой и распределительными органами имеются зоны (45) подпора. За счет дополнительных, не требуемых сами по себе для выдачи жидкости средств (24) на зоны подпора и/или поток распределяемой жидкости оказывают такое воздействие, что после выхода из распределительных органов и перед входом в набивку жидкость (50) в свободном падении пересекает зоны подпора и при необходимости также другие области, где газовый поток, в основном, свободен от горизонтальных составляющих скорости. На газовый поток может быть оказано воздействие также за счет подходящей формы распределительных органов. Таким образом даже при сильном газовом потоке выдача распределяемой ...

A process vessel

A PROCESS VESSEL

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR FEEDING A FLUID INTO A COLUMN

ACTIVE CARRIER STRUCTURE FOR A COMPACT WASTE WATER PURIFICATION DEVICE

A process vessel

DEVICE OF FRACTIONATION HAVING a GRID OF WEAK SURFACE SPECIFIQUEAU-DESSUS Of a FLOOR OF PLATE

NEW PACKING FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A SOLID PHASE DISPERSED COUNTERCURRENTLY FLOWING

La présente invention décrit un garnissage à structure tridimensionnelle particulièrement adapté à réaliser un mélange homogène et anisotrope entre une phase gaz et une phase solide dispersée s'écoulant à contre-courant. Application de ce garnissage au stripeur des unités de craquage catalytique en lit fluidisé.

Distributor for delivery in pairs of two liquids to a plurality of feed-in locations in a reactor or a column

Der Verteiler dient zu einer paarweisen Abgabe zweier Flüssigkeiten auf eine Vielzahl von Einspeisestellen (9), die in einem Reaktor oder einer Kolonne auf einer horizontalen Querschnittsfläche liegen. Mit dem Verteiler (1) lassen sich an jeder Einspeisestelle die Flüssigkeiten getrennt zuführen. Die Einspeisestellen sind mit einer Dichte von mindestens 50 Stellen pro m2 auf einer Mehrzahl von Linien angeordnet. Die genannte Querschnittsfläche ist längs dieser Linien jeweils durch ein Paar (10) von Nebenkanälen (11, 12) überspannt. Die Nebenkanäle sind an Hauptkanäle angeschlossen. Jedes Paar von Nebenkanälen bildet eine Einheit. Dieses Nebenkanalpaar (10) umfasst zwei durch Abkantung geformte Seitenteile (31, 32) sowie eine Trennwand (30). Auf den Seitenteilen erstrecken sich zwischen Kanalenden jeweils Böden (34, 34') der Nebenkanäle längs einer horizontalen Aussen- und Innenkante (4, 5), die auf einer horizontalen oder geneigten Ebene liegen. Die Seitenteile gehen bei den Innenkanten ...

КОНСТРУКЦИЯ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ ОБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ И СПОСОБ ЕЁ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к конструкции (1) наполнителя обменной колонны для текучих сред, определяющего поверхность обмена для, по меньшей мере, одной нисходящей жидкой фазы, вступающей в плотный контакт с, по меньшей мере, одной восходящей газообразной фазой. Отличительными особенностями конструкции наполнителя является то, что он имеет объем, образованный множеством рядов пучков трубок (10). Каждый пучок содержит четыре трубки (10а-10d), которые соответственно ориентированы в четырех направлениях (D10a-D10d) под углом к оси конструкции, при этом трубки образуют каналы, выходящие на внешнюю поверхность конструкции (1). Предложенная конструкция наполнителя обменной колонны для текучих сред позволяет оптимизировать размеры поверхности обмена между средами, не уменьшая их расхода в колонне. 2 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 8 ил.

ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ РЕФОРМИНГ

... 1. Способ получения синтез-газа как продукта каталитическим реформингом с водяным паром исходного материала, который включает главным образом водород (Н2) и моноксид углерода (СО) и содержит углеводороды (С-сырье), отличающийся тем, что добавлением исходного материала, содержащего перегретый водяной пар (исходный водяной пар), из С-сырья получают по существу гомогенную газовую смесь, которую затем реформингом с водяным паром с каталитическим содействием превращают в синтез-газ как продукт, причем энергию, которая требуется для реформинга с водяным паром с каталитическим содействием, целиком получают из по существу гомогенной газовой смеси. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что исходный водяной пар представляет собой перегретый водяной пар. 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что исходный водяной пар представляет собой смесь перегретого водяного пара и Н2 или/и СО, или/и СО3, или/и углеводородов. 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что перед добавлением исходного водяного пара температура ...

Gegenstromkolonne mit Flüssigkeitsverteiler

A process vessel

Wall wiper for mass transfer towers

The wiper has a cylindrical body (2) with a spacer ring that inhibits deformation of the wiper when under compressive forces, and conventional flaps (3) which are inclined upwardly and outwardly, wherein the ends of the flaps (3) remote from the body (2) are generally in contact with the wall of a mass transfer vessel, e.g. a packed tower, following insertion of the packing into the tower. Typically, the spacer ring is formed around the body member 2 by incising a plurality of parallel spaced cuts 5 in the axial direction then deforming the portions 4 between cuts 5 radially outwards. Wipers minimise the amount of liquid running down the walls of a tower and avoiding contact with packing.

In situ cleaning process for stripping towers

METHOD FOR DETERMINING A FLUID EXCHANGE

КОНСТРУКЦИЯ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ ОБМЕННОЙ КОЛОННЫ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Конструкция наполнителя обменной колонны для текучих сред, определяющая поверхность обмена для по меньшей мере одной нисходящей жидкой фазы, вступающей в плотный контакт по меньшей мере с одной восходящей газообразной фазой, отличающаяся тем, что имеет объем, образованный рядами пучков трубок (10), причем каждый пучок содержит четыре трубки (10a-10d), которые соответственно ориентированы в четырех направлениях (D10a-D10d) под углом к оси конструкции, при этом трубки образуют каналы, выходящие на внешнюю поверхность конструкции (1). 2. Конструкция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что четыре трубки (10a-10d) пучка ориентированы вдоль четырех диагоналей куба. 3. Конструкция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что трубки (10) скреплены между собой в местах их соприкосновения. 4. Конструкция по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что объем содержит поры, расположенные между трубками (10), определяющие дополнительные каналы для протекания жидкой фазы и газообразной фазы через конструкцию. 5. Конструкция по п.1, отличающаяся ...

A process vessel

NOVEL PACKING FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A DISPERSED SOLID PHASE FLOWING COUNTERCURRENT

NEW PACKING HAS THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A SOLID PHASE DISPERSED COUNTERCURRENTLY FLOWING

La présente invention décrit un garnissage à structure tridimensionnelle particulièrement adapté à réaliser un mélange homogène et anisotrope entre une phase gaz et une phase solide dispersée s'écoulant à contre-courant. Application de ce garnissage au stripeur des unités de craquage catalytique en lit fluidisé.

STRUCTURE OF GARNISHING FOR COLUMN Of EXCHANGE OF FLUIDS

L'invention concerne une structure de garnissage (1) d'une colonne d'échange de fluides, ladite structure définissant une surface d'échange pour au moins une phase liquide descendante destinée à être mise en contact intime avec au moins avec une phase gazeuse ascendante, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un volume formé d'une pluralité de rangées de faisceaux de tubes (10), chaque faisceau comprenant quatre tubes (10a-10d) respectivement orientés suivant quatre directions (D10a-D10d) formant un angle avec l'axe de la structure, la pluralité de tubes formant une pluralité de passages débouchant à la surface externe de la structure (1).

VERFAHRENSBEHÄLTER

Wall wipers for use in mass transfer towers

Cleaning stripping towers

Packing material in stripping towers is cleaned by circulating aqueous cleaning liquid through the material in the tower. Typically the tower is used to strip volatile organics from ground water. Cleaners may comprise alkaline, hydrocarbon, biodegradable or degreaser types etc. or Plasticlean LF types (RTM).

METHODS FOR SEPARATING MIXTURE COMPONENTS

Process for the selective liquid phase hydrogenation of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

Isolation of high-purity triethylenediamine (TEDA) by distillation

Process for purifying triethylenediamine (TEDA) by disillation, in which the fractionation is carried out in a dividing wall column.

A PROCESS VESSEL

A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel (2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed round a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical.

Colonne, en particulier colonne de rectification, et procédé pour sa fabrication

... a) Colonne, en particulier colonne de rectification, et procédé pour sa fabrication; b) Caractérisée en ce que les lignes d'arrivée 10 de tous les points de mesure de la température 8 pénètrent ensemble en faisceau dans la colonne par un seul tube d'entrée 12 par segment de colonne 1, et en ce que chaque ligne d'arrivée individuelle 10 sortant du tube d'entrée 12 est amenée dans la zone périphérique entre le garnissage 9 et la paroi 2 de la colonne lors du montage du garnissage, directement au point de mesure de la température 8 prévu dans chaque cas; c) L'invention concerne une colonne, en particulier colonne de rectification, et procédé pour sa fabrication.

Purification device for use in septic tank, etc. has active hydraulic and separating devices controlling fluid distribution in order to reduce organic material, nitrogen and pathogenic organisms

La présente invention concerne des structures actives d'épuration, d'usages combinés ou non, caractérisées par leurs compositions, formes et modes d'utilisation, répondant à des fonctions simples ou non, en particulier dans les fosses septiques, définissant ainsi des compartiments actifs, pour la distribution et la répartition des fluides (4), pour l'épuration et le stockage des boues (9), et la séparation physique et/ ou biologique des particules, plus ou moins contaminées par membrane biologique (8), pouvoir de coupure jusqu'à la dimension colloïdale et plus par biosorption. Ces structures actives, préférentiellement immergées, entrent comme composants complémentaires ou principaux, dans les réacteurs de toute taille, en milieu aérobie ou non.

METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF HIGH-PURITY TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE(TEDA) BY DISTILLATION WITH REDUCED COSTS AND SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURES

PURPOSE: A method for isolation of high-purity triethylenediamine(TEDA) by distillation is provided, which method allows for cost-reduced and simple isolation of TEDA. CONSTITUTION: The method for isolation of high-purity triethylenediamine(TEDA) by distillation comprises carrying out the fractionation in a dividing wall column, wherein the internal dividing wall(10) is connected to the bottom so as to form separate chambers in the lower region of the column; the ratio of runback from the upper end of the dividing wall(10) to the inflow sections(12, 14) and discharging sections(13, 15) of the column is regulated to from 1:1 to 1:5; the retention time in the bottom vaporizer(7, 8) is limited to from 1 to 15 minutes; the dividing wall column is operated at the top pressure of about 0.5 to 5 bar; the feed point for the crude TEDA is positioned between the 5th and 30th theoretical plates and the side discharging hole(3) of the pure TEDA is positioned between the 2nd and 20th theoretical plates ...

Distributor for pairwise delivery of two liquids

The distributor serves for a pairwise delivery of two liquids to a plurality of infeed sites in a reactor or in a column with a density of at least 50 sites per m2. The distributor has a pair of main passages that supply pairs of secondary passages with different liquid. Each pair of secondary passages is formed by a pair of upstanding side parts and an upstanding partition wall. Each side part has a base extending from a lower edge to the partition wall to define a secondary passage therewith for receiving liquid from a respective one of the main passages, and each base has a plurality of outlet apertures for the outflow of liquid from the respective secondary passage.

Column filling body structure for exchange of fluid, comprises exchanger surface for fluid phase contacted with gas phase, and volume formed from rows of carbon composite tube bundles

A column filling body structure for the exchange of fluid comprises an exchanger surface for a fluid phase contacted with a gas phase, and a volume formed from rows of carbon composite tube bundles. Each bundle comprises four tubes, which are aligned in accordance with four diagonal direction of a cube, under the formation of an angle with the axle of the structure. The tubes form passages, which lead at the external surface of the structure. The tubes are connected with one another on the plane of its contact part. The column filling body structure for the exchange of fluid comprises an exchanger surface for a fluid phase contacted with a gas phase, and a volume formed from rows of carbon composite tube bundles. Each bundle comprises four tubes, which are aligned in accordance with four diagonal direction of a cube, under the formation of an angle with the axle of the structure. The tubes form passages, which lead at the external surface of the structure. The tubes are connected with one ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL

ACTIVE STRUCTURES Of PURIFICATION FOR the GARNISHING OF PHYSICAL ENGINES ETBIOLOGIQUES

NEW PACKING HAS THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A SOLID PHASE DISPERSED COUNTERCURRENTLY FLOWING

COLUMN, IN PARTICULAR COLUMN OF CORRECTION, AND PROCEEDED FOR SA MANUFACTURE

Processes Utilizing Extractive Distillation

The invention relates to methods for separating mixture components such as reactor effluent components. In particular, the invention relates to the use of an extractive agent such as a hydrocarbon in an extractive distillation process to separate monomers such as a C4-C7 isoolefins such as isobutylene from mixtures such as reactor effluents including one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC).

Counter-current column with liquid distributor

METHOD FOR PURIFYING A CHLORINE SUPPLY

This invention provides a method for purifying a chlorine supply that includes a chlorine component, a bromine component, and nitrogen trichloride. The method includes the steps of introducing the chlorine supply into a vaporizer, heating the chlorine supply in the vaporizer to form a vapor, and introducing the vapor into a distillation system to provide purified chlorine gas, a distillate that includes liquid chlorine and the bromine component, and a bottoms component including the nitrogen trichloride. The method also includes the steps of condensing the vapor in a reflux condenser, heating the condensate in a reboiler, removing the purified chlorine gas from the distillation system, and removing the distillate from the distillation system.

A PROCESS VESSEL

An improved method and apparatus for devolatilization

Process vessel

A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel (2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed around a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical.

ACTIVE PURIFYING STRUCTURES FOR LINING AND FORMING COMPACT PHYSICO-BIOLOGICAL FILTERS

KOLONNE, INSBESONDERE EINE REKTIFIZIERKOLONNE, UND VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN DER KOLONNE

METHOD FOR PURIFYING A CHLORINE SUPPLY

This invention provides a method for purifying a chlorine supply that includes a chlorine component, a bromine component, and nitrogen trichloride. The method includes the steps of introducing the chlorine supply into a vaporizer, heating the chlorine supply in the vaporizer to form a vapor, and introducing the vapor into a distillation system to provide purified chlorine gas, a distillate that includes liquid chlorine and the bromine component, and a bottoms component including the nitrogen trichloride. The method also includes the steps of condensing the vapor in a reflux condenser, heating the condensate in a reboiler, removing the purified chlorine gas from the distillation system, and removing the distillate from the distillation system.

AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DEVOLATILIZATION

On décrit un procédé et un appareil d'extraction des matières volatiles dans lesquels on utilise une matière ayant une surface efficace étendue qui est placée dans un dispositif rotatif lequel est lui-même monté dans un contenant fermé.

FLUID PURIFYING DEVICE USING PHYSICAL AND/OR BIOLOGICAL REACTORS

La présente invention concerne des structures actives d'épuration, d'usages combinés ou non, caractérisées par leurs compositions, formes et modes d'utilisation, répondant à des fonctions simples ou non, en particulier dans les fosses septiques, définissant ainsi des compartiments actifs, pour la distribution et la répartition des fluides (4), pour l'épuration et le stockage des boues (9), et la séparation physique et/ou biologique des particules, plus ou moins contaminées par membrane biologique (8), pouvoir de coupure jusqu'à la dimension colloïdale et plus par biosorption. Ces structures actives, préférentiellement immergées, entrent comme composants complémentaires ou principaux, dans les réacteurs de toute taille, en milieu aérobie ou non.

Counter-current column with liquid distributor

A counter-current contactor column has a liquid distributor with tubular or trough type distribution channels (21), which are arranged above a column packing. At the height of the distributor, the upward flowing gas is split into several partial flows (40), and hold-up zones (45) are formed between the packing and the distributor. A counter-current contactor column has a liquid distributor with tubular or trough type distribution channels (21), which are arranged above a column packing. At the height of the distributor, the upward flowing gas is split into several partial flows (40), and hold-up zones (45) are formed between the packing and the distributor. The distributor may have attached guide walls which facilitate formation of liquid films by contact with trickled or impinging flows.

A PROCESS VESSEL

A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel 2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed round a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical.

Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Kohlendioxid enthaltenden Prozessgasen aus der Herstellung von Vinylacetat

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Kohlendioxid enthaltenden Prozessgasen aus der Herstellung von Vinylacetat nach Umsetzung von Ethylen mit Essigsäure und Sauerstoff in heterogen katalysierten, kontinuierlichen Gasphasenprozessen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Prozessgas durch einen oder mehrere CO2-Absorber geführt wird, die mit Füllkörpern ausgestattet sind.

염소 공급물의 정제 방법

... 본 발명은 염소 성분, 브롬 성분, 및 삼염화질소를 포함하는 염소 공급물을 정제하는 방법을 제공한다. 이 방법은 염소 공급물을 기화기 내로 도입하는 단계, 그 기화기에서 염소 공급물을 가열하여 증기를 형성시키는 단계, 및 그 증기를 증류 시스템 내로 도입하여 정제된 염소 가스를 제공하고, 액체와 브롬 성분, 및 삼염화질소를 함유하는 바닥부 성분을 포함하는 증류물을 제공하는 단계를 포함한다. 그 방법은 또한 환류 응축기에서 증기를 응축하는 단계, 그 응축물을 재비기에서 가열하는 단계, 정제된 염소 가스를 증류 시스템으로부터 회수하는 단계, 및 증류물을 증류 시스템으로부터 회수하는 단계를 추가로 포함한다.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Procedimento e dispositivo para a produção de biodiesel

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC CARBONATE

Dans le contexte de la production continue d’un carbonate aromatique contenant un carbonate diaryle comme produit principal, consistant à fournir comme matière première un carbonate alkyl aryle obtenu par réaction d’échange d’ester entre un carbonate dialkyle et un composé de monohydroxy aromatique et à injecter en continu de la matière première dans une colonne de distillation multi-étage continue renfermant un catalyseur, l’invention a pour objet de proposer un procédé pratique de production stable d’un carbonate diaryle avec une sélectivité élevée et une productivité élevée à une échelle industrielle ≥ 1 tonne/heure sur une période prolongée. Même s’il existe une multiplicité de propositions concernant le procédé de fabrication de carbonates aromatiques selon une technologie de distillation par réaction, elles reposent toutes sur des travaux en laboratoire menés à petite échelle sur une courte période et il n’y a eu jusqu’à présent aucune divulgation de procédé pratique et d’appareil ...

COUNTERFLOW COLUMN WITH A LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR

The counterflow column (1) contains a liquid distributor (2) having a plurality of tubular or trough-like distributor members (21). These distributor members are arranged in a column above a packing (3) in such a manner that a plurality of partial flows (40) develop in an upwardly flowing gas (4) at the level of the distributor members. Stagnation zones (45) are present between the packing and the distributor members. Through additional means (24), which are not required per se for a liquid output, the stagnation zones and/or the flow of a liquid (5) to be distributed are influenced in such a manner that a liquid (50), after emerging from the distributor members and prior to entry into the packing, traverses in free fall the stagnation zones and where appropriate also further regions in which the gas flow is largely free of horizontal velocity components. The gas flow can also be influenced by means of a suitable shaping of the distributor members.

Fixturing structure for a fluid exchange column

The invention relates to a packing structure ( 1 ) for a fluid exchange column, said structure defining an exchange surface for at least one down-flowing liquid phase that is to be put into intimate contact with at least one up-flowing gas phase, the structure being characterized in that it comprises a volume formed by a plurality of rows of bundles of tubes ( 10 ), each bundle comprising four tubes 10 a- 10 d) respectively oriented along four directions (D 10 a-D 10 d) forming an angle relative to the axis of the structure, the plurality of tubes forming a plurality of passages opening out to the outside surface of the structure ( 1 ).

Process vessel

PCT No. PCT/GB93/02536 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 14, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 14, 1995 PCT Filed Dec. 13, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/13398 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 23, 1994A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel (2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed around a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical.

Verfahren zur selektiven Flüssigphasenhydrierung von „,ß-ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen

Es wird ein Verfahren zur selektiven Flüssigphasenhydrierung von alpha,beta-ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I, DOLLAR F1 in der R¶1¶ Wasserstoff oder ein organischer Rest, R¶2¶, R¶3¶ und R¶4¶ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder eine C¶1¶- bis C¶4¶-Alkylgruppe ist, zu gesättigten Carbonylverbindungen der Formel II DOLLAR F2 mit Wasserstoff in Gegenwart eines pulverförmigen Palladium- und/oder Rhodiumkatalysators und einer organischen Base vorgeschlagen. Das Verfahren wird in einem gepackten Blasensäulenreaktor (1, 2) mit Produktrückführung (11, 17) und Wasserstoffkreisgas (4, 15, 16) durchgeführt. Es eignet sich besonders zur selektiven Hydrierung von Citral zu Citronellal.

ACTIVE PURIFYING STRUCTURES FOR LINING AND FORMING COMPACT PHYSICO-BIOLOGICAL FILTERS

Structures actives d'épuration, d'usage combiné, en localisation et pourcentage, en association avec des matériaux plus classiques, pour la constitution de réacteurs associés dans des filtres compacts, caractérisée en ce que les structures actives de formes et compositions variées répondent à des fonctions spécifiques ou combinées, définissant ainsi des membranes discontinues (2) et des compartiments actifs spécialisés pour l'extraction de boues (1), la distribution et la répartition des fluides (12), l'élimination privilégiée de la pollution biodégradable, la dénitrification (13) et la désinfection (21), notamment. Ces structures actives entrent, comme composants complémentaires ou principaux, dans les filtres biologiques dits non saturés, destinés principalement aux petites installations d'épuration.

Industrial process for producing aromatic carbonate

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC CARBONATE

With respect to the continuous production of an aromatic carbonate containing a diaryl carbonate as a main product, comprising providing as a raw material an alkyl aryl carbonate obtained through an ester exchange reaction between a dialkyl carbonate and an aromatic monohydroxy compound and continuously feeding the raw material into a continuous multistage distillation column having a catalyst packed therein, it is intended to provide a practical process for stable production of a diaryl carbonate with high selectivity and high productivity on an industrial scale of >= 1 ton/hr for a prolonged period of time. Although there are a multiplicity of proposals regarding the process for producing aromatic carbonates according to reaction distillation technology, they all are on a laboratory level conducted on a small scale for a short term and there has been no disclosure of practical process and apparatus enabling mass production on an industrial scale. There is provided a specified continuous ...

Fixturing structure for a fluid exchange column

The invention relates to a packing structure (1) for a fluid exchange column, the packing structure defining an exchange surface for at least one down-flowing liquid phase that is to be put into intimate contact with at least one up-flowing gas phase, the structure including a volume formed by a plurality of rows of bundles of tubes (10), each bundle having four tubes (10a-10d) respectively oriented along four directions (D10a-D10d) forming an angle relative to the axis of the structure, the plurality of tubes forming a plurality of passages opening out to the outside surface of the structure (1).

Hochtemperaturreformierung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Synthesegasproduktes durch katalytische Dampfreformierung eines vorwiegend aus Wasserstoff (H¶2¶) und Kohlenmonoxid (CO) bestehenden, Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Einsatzes (C-Einsatz) sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Der C-Einsatz (6) wird mit Wasserdampf und/oder Reformergas (8) gemischt und in einem Reaktor (10) durch Dampfreformierung in das Synthesegasprodukt (13) umgewandelt.

Verfahren zur destillativen Gewinnung von hochreinem Triethylendiamin (TEDA)

Каталитический блок для осуществления гетерогенных реакций

Полезная модель относится к области химии, а именно к устройствам и системам для проведения гетерогенных каталитических реакций, и может применяться для производства различных химических продуктов и реагентов, а также для очистки и обезвреживания газообразных и жидких выбросов. Описан каталитический блок для осуществления гетерогенных реакций в движущемся реакционном потоке, состоящий из попеременно чередующихся слоев гибкого микроволокнистого каталитического материала в виде тканых плоских полотен и слоев проницаемого для реакционного потока объемного структурообразующего элемента, образуя при этом в совокупности призму, основание которой перпендикулярно направлению расположения слоев, каталитический блок содержит попеременно чередующиеся со слоями каталитического материала слои основных объемных структурообразующих элементов высотой 1-20 мм и дополнительные плоские структурообразующие элементы толщиной 0.5-3 мм. Блок характеризуется повышенной механической стабильностью и прочностью. 1 ил. Ц 1 174588 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) (11) за за 313) КО че ве ^^ 91 (51) МПК ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ ВОЛ 8/00 (2006.01) ВОЛ 35/06 (2006.01) ВОГЛ 19/32 (2006.01) (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2017116248, 10.05.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 10.05.2017 Дата регистрации: 23.10.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 10.05.2017 (45) Опубликовано: 23.10.2017 Бюл. № 30 Адрес для переписки: 630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 5, Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова, патентный отдел, Юдиной Т.Д. (72) Автор(ы): Загоруйко Андрей Николаевич (КО), Лопатин Сергей Алексеевич (КП), Зажигалов Сергей Валерьевич (КО), Писарев Данил Александрович (КО), Микенин Павел Евгеньевич (КП), Баранов Дмитрий Васильевич (КО) (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (КО) (56) Список ...

Process and Apparatus for Steam-Methane Reforming

Methane reacts with steam generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a first catalytic reactor; the resulting gas mixture undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a second catalytic reactor. In the steam/methane reforming, the gas mixture passes through a narrow channel having mean and exit temperatures both in the range of 750° C. to 900° C., residence time less than 0.5 second, and the channel containing a catalyst, so that only reactions having comparatively rapid kinetics will occur. Heat is provided by combustion of methane in adjacent channels. The ratio of steam to methane may be about 1.5. Almost all methane will undergo the reforming reaction, almost entirely forming carbon monoxide. After Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the remaining hydrogen may be fed back to the combustion channels. The steam for the reforming step may be generated from water generated by the chemical reactions, by condensing products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and by condensing water vapor generated in combustion.

Process

The present invention provides a continuous process for the epoxidation of an olefinic compound with an oxidant, which process comprises reaction of an olefinic compound with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst in an apparatus that comprises a reactive distillation column, which column comprises (i) a reactive section, which comprises the catalyst (ii) a rectifying section situated above the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of reagents and/or by-products from products (ix) a stripping section situated below the reactive section and adapted to allow separation of product from reagents and/or by-products (x) a vessel situated below the stripping section and adapted to provide a source of heat for the column and in which initial vaporisation of one or more of the reagents can occur, wherein the temperature in the reactive section (i) is a temperature at which the reaction between the olefinic compound and the oxidant takes place and the temperature in the stripping section (iii) is higher than the temperature in the rectifying section (ii).

Method of Mass Transfer, Structured Packing and Mass Transfer Apparatus for a Small Liquid Load

A method of mass transfer includes the steps of: supplying a first fluid and a second fluid into a mass transfer apparatus, wherein the mass transfer apparatus includes a vessel which has a head region, a base region and a mass transfer region, wherein the first fluid is brought into contact with the second fluid at least in the mass transfer region, wherein the mass transfer region is arranged between the head region and the base region and the mass transfer region includes a structured packing which includes a plurality of neighboring layers of fabric which includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material. The mass transfer apparatus is operated at a fluid load of at most 3 m 3 /m 2 /h.

Stackable structural reactors

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

Apparatus for supporting internals within a mass transfer column and process involving same

An elongated support beam is provided for supporting internals such as liquid collectors, liquid distributors, packing supports, or trays within a mass transfer column. The support beam is divided longitudinally into a lower beam segment and an upper beam segment that are joined together by a plurality of connectors at one or more longitudinally spaced-apart positions. The connectors serve to stiffen and resist lateral deflection of the lower and upper beam segments in relation to each other and to transfer the load carried by the upper beam segment to the lower beam segment or vice-versa. By dividing the support beam into lower and upper beam segments, each of the lower and upper beam segments can be passed through a manway opening in a shell of the mass transfer column prior to assembly of the support beam or following disassembly of the support beam within the mass transfer column.

Reactor packing

A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet, an outlet, a wall and an axis. The packing comprises a first part, i.e., a reactor core and a second part, i.e., a reactor casing. The second part is free to move relative to the first part. The first part and the second part are inserted in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall. In general, the second part will be in contact with the reactor wall.

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

Conversion of Natural Gas

A process and apparatus for converting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons comprising reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure in contact with a suitable catalyst in a reactive distillation column is disclosed.

Distillation method and structured packing

A method of conducting a distillation process and a cross-corrugated structured packing for use in such a process in which ascending vapor phases and descending liquid phases are contacted in such packing. The cross-corrugated structured packing contains corrugated sheets fabricated of an open cell foam-like material. The liquid phase produces a liquid film descending along struts forming cells of the material and the vapor phase ascends within the cross-corrugated structured packing and enters the cells and contacts the liquid film. The cross-corrugated structured packing is configured such that a superficial velocity at which ambient air would flow through the cross-corrugated structured packing at a pressure drop of 0.3″ wc/ft is no greater than 20 times a reference superficial velocity at which the ambient air would flow through the foam-like material making up the corrugated sheets at the same pressure drop to ensure that vapor enters the cells of the foam-like material.

Enhanced photo-catalytic cells

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces.

BAYONET CATALYTIC REACTOR

A bayonet reactor including a catalytic reactor in the form of an annular structured packing is provided with increased surface area for the transfer of heat between annulus gas and return gas, an increased coefficient of heat transfer between the annulus and return gases, and a reduced overall pressure drop relative to conventional reactors. The reactors of the present technology can enable intensified catalytic processing. 1. A bayonet catalytic reactor comprising:an outer tube having an open first end and a closed second end;an inner tube disposed at least partially within the outer tube, the inner tube having an open first end and an open second end; anda catalytic reactor comprising a structured packing disposed within an annulus defined by an inner diameter of the outer tube and an outer diameter of the inner tube,wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.45 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.2. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.63 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.3. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter of the inner tube is at least 0.77 times the inner diameter of the outer tube.4. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a second catalytic reactor disposed within the inner tube proximate the second end of the inner tube.5. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 4 , wherein the second catalytic reactor is a structured reactor comprising a honeycomb catalytic reactor.6. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 4 , wherein the second catalytic reactor extends from the second end of the inner tube toward the first end of the inner tube to a distance less than 50% of the distance from the second end of the inner tube to the first end of the inner tube.7. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , wherein the bayonet catalytic reactor is a steam reforming reactor.8. The bayonet catalytic reactor of claim 1 , ...

Restoring Cooling Tower Outlet Fog into Water Cycle Type II

The invented system used in wet cooling tower, restore outlet fog of cooling tower into collection basin and consequently cooling water cycle. This invention consists of three main components; pump and its pertaining piping, waterfall and micron fog eliminator. In the first stage, the air containing fog is passed through a waterfall before exhausting. This action causes some portions of fog to condensate and fall down, remaining droplets of the fog grow and together with air cross the fog eliminator blades. Fog's droplets are entrapped between blades, leave the air, and restore to the tower. Therefore, humidity of exhausted air from tower will be effectively reduced. 1. A cross flow wet cooling tower system for cooling warm water , comprising: a first and second wet cooling system , located at either sides (left and right) of said tower; a main collection basin located and in direct communication with both of said first and second wet cooling systems; at least two pumps; at least two pressurized cooled water outlets and at least two normal water outlets; wherein either side of said main basin comprises one of each of said two pumps , two pressurized cooled water outlet and two normal water outlet; wherein said first and second wet cooling systems are located slanted away from one another creating a sharp angle near said main basin; a suction fan located at top section of said cross cooling tower and above said first and second wet cooling systems; wherein each of said first and second wet cooling system respectively further comprising; multiple first and second sets of fog eliminator systems; first and second warm water inlets; first and second water tanks and first and second fill packing that are located directly underneath said first and second tanks respectively.2. The cross flow wet cooling tower system for cooling warm water of claim 1 , wherein each of said first and second sets of fog eliminator systems respectively comprises claim 1 , first and second sets ...

Device for reducing airborne contaminants

A photocatalytic system for reducing airborne contaminants using an ultraviolet (UV) emitter and photocatalytic cells, the system comprises a housing comprising a front side having an opening therethrough, and a rear side opposite the front side, the rear side also having an opening therethrough. A first photocatalytic cell is located in the housing adjacent to the front side. Likewise, a second photocatalytic cell located in the housing adjacent to the rear side. A unitary removable structure slidably positionable within the housing between the first photocatalytic cell and the second photocatalytic cell.

Inherently safe oxygen/hydrocarbon gas mixer

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

CATALYST PARTICLE SHAPE

A catalytic system is provided which comprises a tubular reactor and at least one catalyst particle located within the tubular reactor. The catalyst particles have a particular geometric form which promotes heat transfer with the tubular reactor. Certain specific catalyst particles are also provided. 1. A catalytic system comprising:a. a tubular reactor having a cylindrical form around an axis A-A; the internal surface of said tubular reactor having an internal diameter D and an internal radius of curvature R, defined in a plane perpendicular to the axis A-A; a first end-face and a second end-face being arranged perpendicular to said primary axis L at least in the region in which they meet said primary axis L, and', 'first and second sidewalls extending between the first and second end-faces, each of said sidewalls having a curved profile in a cross-section perpendicular to the primary axis L, wherein said first and second sidewalls each independently have an external radius of curvature R1, R2 in said plane being 0.4-0.99 times the internal radius of curvature R of the tubular reactor,', 'and wherein the maximum width D1 of the catalyst particle, measured in a plane defined perpendicular to the primary axis L, is less than 0.25 times the internal diameter D of the tubular reactor,', 'and wherein 2×R1 is greater than D1; and 2×R2 is greater than D1., 'b. at least one catalyst particle located in said tubular reactor, wherein the catalyst particle has a three-dimensional form with a primary length axis L, wherein each catalyst particle comprises2. The catalytic system claim 1 , wherein the external radii of curvature R1 claim 1 , R2 of each of the first and second sidewalls are the same.3. The catalytic system claim 1 , wherein said catalyst particle consists of opposing first and second sidewalls extending between the first and second end-faces claim 1 , and opposing third and fourth sidewalls extending between the first and second sidewalls and said first and ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PACKING AND PACKING

A method of manufacturing packing includes: determining types of a gas and a liquid which are brought into gas-liquid contact and a main plate to be used; calculating a relationship between a contact angle and a liquid film length ratio; determining the arrangement (intervals) of a rib; determining rib conditions; calculating the minimum value of the flow direction length of the rib satisfying the contact angle and a strength requirement; confirming whether or not a liquid film length is greater than the minimum value; and determining the flow direction length of the rib within a range from the minimum value to the liquid film length. 1. A method of manufacturing packing that includes a main plate for forming a liquid film constituting a gas-liquid contact surface , the method comprising:when arranging a rib along a flow direction of the liquid film,calculating a relationship between a contact angle of the liquid film on a surface of the rib and a liquid film length ratio indicating a ratio of a liquid film length until the liquid film is ruptured to a flow direction length of the main plate, anddetermining a design condition of the rib on the basis of a correlation between the contact angle and the liquid film length ratio.2. The method of manufacturing packing according to claim 1 ,wherein in the rib, the contact angle is adjusted so that the liquid film length ratio satisfies a predetermined reference value or a flow direction length of the rib is adjusted so that the liquid film is not ruptured.3. The method of manufacturing packing according to claim 1 , the method further comprising:determining types of a gas and a liquid which are brought into gas-liquid contact and a condition of the main plate;calculating a relationship between the contact angle and the liquid film length ratio;determining an arrangement of the rib;determining a material and a surface shape of the rib;determining a minimum value of the flow direction length of the rib satisfying the contact ...

RESIDENCE TIME PLATE

The present invention relates to a residence time plate comprising a stack of at least two substantially parallel and elongated flow chambers arranged such that the elongated side of each flow chamber lies next to the elongated side of a neighboring flow chamber and is separated by said neighboring chamber by a separation wall. Each separation wall has at least one through hole forming a communication between two neighboring flow chambers, and the through holes are arranged in the separation walls on alternating sides of an imaginary central line drawn through the stack of flow chambers such that the flow direction in a flow chamber is along the extension of the flow chamber and opposite the flow direction of a neighboring chamber. Moreover, the residence time plate comprises at least one liquid inlet and at least one liquid outlet arranged such that liquid flowing from said inlet to said outlet passes through the stack of flow chambers. Further, at least one flow-path enhancing insert is arranged in at least one flow chamber and forming a number of insert flow passages in said flow chamber, wherein the insert flow passages are arranged such that liquid flowing in the flow chamber is directed through said insert flow passages, thereby forming a zigzag flow path along the flow direction of the flow chamber. 1. A residence time plate comprising:a stack of at least two substantially parallel and elongated flow chambers arranged such that the elongated side of each flow chamber lies next to the elongated side of a neighboring flow chamber and is separated from the neighboring chamber by a separation wall, wherein each separation wall has at least one through hole forming a communication between two neighboring flow chambers, and wherein said through holes are arranged in the separation walls on alternating sides of an imaginary central line drawn through the stack of flow chambers such that the flow direction in a flow chamber is along the extension of the flow chamber ...

DEVICE FOR GAS SOLIDS FLUIDIZED SYSTEM TO ENHANCE STRIPPING

A device for the intimate mixing of solid particles and a gaseous medium within a gas-solid fluidized bed, comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions. The element has a three-dimensional lattice configuration and the corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions are formed from metal having peaks and valleys or ribs, such that the peaks and valleys or ribs are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of the planar stanchion when assembled into the element. The angled peaks and valleys or ribs form channels that enhance lateral movement of catalyst particles into the spaces between the stanchions to provide improved vapor/solids mixing and contact. 1. A gas-solid fluidized bed comprising: a vessel having a shell and an open internal region within the shell; at least one ripple packing element positioned within the open internal region and comprising a plurality corrugated and/or ribbed planar stanchions arranged in alternating intersecting planes that provide a plurality of open spaces between or adjacent the alternating intersecting planar stanchions , the ripple packing element having a three-dimensional lattice configuration; solid particles within the ripple packing element; and at least one gas stream flowing counter-currently to the solid particles through the ripple packing element and causing fluidization of the solid particles within the ripple packing element to form the gas-solid fluidized bed.2. The gas-solid fluidized bed of claim 1 , wherein the corrugated planar stanchions comprise peaks and valleys arranged longitudinally or laterally or a combination of both.3. The gas-solid fluidized bed of claim 2 , wherein the peaks and valleys are angled at less than 90 degrees from the fall-line of said planar stanchion when assembled into the ripple packing element.4. The gas-solid ...

Ozonization continuous reaction device and a working method thereof

The invention discloses an ozonization continuous reaction device, comprising a raw material inlet, a raw material distributing device, one or plurality of single reaction tubes, a product outlet and an air vent. The first end of the raw material distributing device is communicated with the raw material inlet; the first end of one or plurality of single reaction tubes is communicated with the second end of the raw material distributing device; the product outlet is communicated with the second end of the single reaction tube; ozone is conveyed to the single reaction tube via the air vent. The ozonization continuous reaction device provided by the invention realizes the large-scale and continuous production of the ozonization reaction on the basis of guaranteeing security; as the single reaction tube is arranged, the ozone amount and the liquid raw material existing in the single reaction tube in unit time become fewer, the reaction security is greatly improved; in addition, the liquid raw material and the ozone are continuously fed into the reaction device, the exhaust gas and the products are continuously discharged from the reaction device, the accumulation of the ozone is prevented, the security is greatly guaranteed, and the production capacity also can be improved to a higher level.

Undulating cross-flow fixed film distribution media with unitarily formed end baffle

A wastewater or sludge treatment fixed film cross-flow distribution media corrugated sheet ( 84, 84′, 84 ″) and assemblies ( 118, 118′, 118 ″) thereof include corrugations ( 98, 98′, 98 ″), angled of about 10° to about 80° to the top and the bottom of the sheet and the assemblies. The sheet has a unitarily formed baffle ( 100, 100′, 100 ″) along at least a top portion of an exposed side of the sheet ( 96, 96′, 96 ″) or assemblies ( 130, 130′, 130 ″) exposed to denser wastewater or sludge outside of the assemblies than within the assemblies that is sufficient, when joined with either a like baffle ( 100, 100′, 100 ″) on a like sheet ( 84, 84′, 84 ″) or optional substantially planar interstitial sheets ( 132, 132′, 132 ″) adjacent the corrugated sheets, to substantially block air used in a sparging system from exiting or the denser wastewater or sludge being treated from entering the exposed side ( 96, 96′, 96 ″) of the sheet or the exposed side ( 130, 130′, 130 ″) of the assemblies. Beneficial biomass forming biofilm on the surfaces within the assemblies is controlled, effectively treating the wastewater or sludge.

A process for preparing chemically modified bicarbonate salt particles

The present disclosure relates to a method for chemically modifying particles of a bicarbonate salt in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and chemically modified bicarbonate particles prepared therefrom. The present disclosure also relates to a method for controlling an amount of carbonate salt formed during chemical modification of bicarbonate salt particles.

ENHANCED PHOTO-CATALYTIC CELLS

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces. 1 receive direct ultra-violet (“UV”) energy from a first UV emitter, and', 'reflect the direct UV energy from the first UV emitter to form reflected UV energy;, 'a first reflector arranged toa target including: receive direct UV energy from the first UV emitter, and', 'receive the reflected UV energy from the first reflector; and, 'a first face arranged toa second face arranged to receive direct UV energy from a second UV emitter; anda photo-catalytic coating on the first and second faces of the target.. An apparatus for ionizing air, the apparatus comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/284,743 filed on Oct. 4, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/065,041 filed on Oct. 28, 2013, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,122 on Oct. 4, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/225,812 filed on Sep. 6, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,980 on Nov. 19, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/115,546 filed on May 25, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,979 on Nov. 19, 2016, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/380,462 filed on Sep. 7, 2010, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.Not ApplicableNot ApplicableThe present invention generally relates to methods and apparatuses for producing an enhanced ionized cloud of bactericidal ...

Contacter

A device comprises a structure () for conducting a first fluid, the structure () having in addition an interface for conducting a second fluid, wherein the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid at the interface of the structure. A flow interrupter () for interrupting a flow of the second fluid is situated at the interface of the structure (). 115-. (canceled)161000100010001200. A device comprising a structure (.) for conducting a first fluid , whereby the structure (.) comprises a contact zone , which contact zone is designed to conduct a second fluid , and whereby in the contact zone the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid , wherein in the contact zone (.) at least one flow breaker (.) is provided for interrupting a flow of the second fluid.17120001200. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the flow breaker (.) comprises at least two ledges (.) claim 16 , whereby the second fluid can flow in a second direction claim 16 , which crosses the direction of the ledges.1810001200. The device according to claims 16 , wherein the structure (.) is designed in such a manner and the flow breaker (.) is arranged in such a manner that the first fluid can flow in a first direction claims 16 , which crosses a flow breaker unit.19. The device according to claim 18 , wherein the first direction with the ledge direction includes an angle of 60° to 90°.201200122012001210. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the ledge (.) comprises a region (.) proximal to the structure claim 16 , which has a first wettability claim 16 , and wherein the ledge (.) has a region (.) distal to the structure claim 16 , which has a second wettability that is different from the first wettability.211000. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the structure (.) comprises one or several of the following features:e) a tissue;f) an open-pored material;g) capillaries;h) step structure.2210001200. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the ...

Packing element for a structured packing with specific mounting clips

The present invention relates to a packing element for a structured packing including at least two adjacent corrugated sheets, wherein each of the corrugated sheets comprises a plurality of alternately oriented peaks and troughs, wherein adjacent corrugated sheets are oriented such that the corrugations of the adjacent corrugated sheets intersect in crisscross fashion with the corrugations of the corrugated sheets extending obliquely relative to the vertical direction, wherein each corrugated sheet contacts each of the adjacent corrugated sheets at points of intersection between the corrugations of the corrugated sheet and those of the adjacent corrugated sheets, wherein all corrugated sheets are tied together by means of at least one rod, wherein the at least one rod penetrates the corrugated sheets perpendicularly to the longitudinal section of the corrugated sheets, wherein on the at least one rod before the first corrugated sheet of the packing element and/or after the last corrugated sheet of the packing element at least one mounting clip is provided for fixing the corrugated sheets on the rod, wherein the mounting clip comprises a central part forming a coupling portion for coupling the mounting clip to the rod and two opposing lateral parts forming a clamping portion for a clamping engagement with the corrugated sheet, wherein the lateral parts are connected with the central part and angled with respect to the central part.

Contacting device and method

The present invention provides a vapor-liquid contact device for use in a distillation column and method incorporating the use of such a vapor-liquid contact device. The vapor-liquid contact device has arrays of elongated strips to support a falling film of a liquid and contact of a vapor with the film. The strips are supported in a structure having top and bottom sections connected to opposite ends of the strips. The top sections have apertures in registry with the strips so that liquid distributed to the top section seeps out of the apertures to initiate formation of the falling film. Openings are provided at the top and bottom sections, so that a vapor is able to pass through the support structure to contact the falling film to effect contact between the liquid and the vapor. Liquid distributors are associated with the top section to distribute the liquid to the apertures.

Counter-Current Fluidized Bed Reactor for the Dehydrogenation of Olefins

A process and apparatus for the dehydrogenation of paraffins is presented. The process utilizes a reactor that includes a slower flow of catalyst through the reactor, with a counter current flow of gas through the catalyst bed. The catalyst is regenerated and distributed over the top of the catalyst bed, and travels through the bed with the aid of reactor internals to limit backmixing of the catalyst.

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING AND CONDITIONING OF MATERIAL TRANSPORTED THROUGH THE DEVICE

The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design. 1. Reactor tube having an inlet end and an outlet end for treating a fluid flowing through the reactor tube , with a plurality of grid structures arranged in series in the flow direction in the reactor tube for mixing the fluid , wherein each grid structure consists of three sets of parallel partitions which bound flow channels with a flow cross section in the form of a (regular) polygon , and wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are offset and/or rotated with respect to one another.2. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in each set of parallel partitions claim 1 , the adjacent partitions are equally spaced.3. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the three sets of parallel partitions intersect in each case at an angle of 120 degrees claim 1 , and in that the partitions bound flow channels with a flow cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle.4. Reactor tube according to claim 3 , wherein the length of the grid structures in the flow direction approximately corresponds to the side length of the equilateral triangles.5. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are offset with respect to one another in a direction perpendicular to the plane of one of the partitions.6. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the sets of partitions of adjacent grid structures are rotated with respect to one another by an angle of 60 degrees.7. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the grid structures repeats periodically.8. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the grid structures repeats claim 1 , in each case after three grid structures.9. Reactor tube according to claim 1 , wherein the triangle height of the reactor tube is from 1-10 mm claim 1 , (preferably 1-5 mm claim 1 , more preferred 2-3 mm). ...

Annular divided wall column for an air separation unit

An annular divided wall column for the cryogenic rectification of air or constituents of air is provided. The annular divided wall column includes a first annular column wall and a second annular column wall disposed within the first annular column wall and radially spaced therefrom to define an annulus column region as the space between the first annular column wall and the second annular column wall. An interior core column region is also defined by the interior space of the second annular column wall. The present annular divided wall column further includes a plurality of packing elements, plurality of trays or a heat exchange device disposed within the interior core column region; and a plurality of packing elements disposed within the annulus column region.

STRUCTURED PACKING MODULE FOR USE IN A MASS TRANSFER COLUMN AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets. 120-. (canceled)21. A structured packing module comprising:a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module; andfasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module and have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.22. The structured packing module of claim 21 , wherein each of the structured packing sheets is corrugated with parallel corrugations and the structured packing sheets are arranged so that the corrugations of each one of the structured packing modules extend at an oblique angle to the corrugations of the adjacent ones of the structured packing modules.23. The structured packing module of claim 22 , wherein each of the fasteners does not extend to the opposite side of the structured packing module.24. The structured packing module of claim 22 , wherein each of the fasteners extending from one of the sides of the structured packing module is paired with another one of the fasteners that extends from the opposite side of the structured packing module.25. The structured packing module of claim 24 , ...

NON-ADIABATIC CATALYTIC REACTOR

A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid includes a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis. The reactor also includes a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube, and a plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube. The structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern. Each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst. At least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid. 1. A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid , the reactor comprising:a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis;a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube; anda plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube; the structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern;', 'each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst; and', 'at least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid., 'wherein2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the structured packing has a length greater than 0.2 times a diameter of the tube and less than 20 times the diameter of the tube.3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the structured packing has a length greater than 0.5 times the diameter of the tube and less than 8 times the diameter of the tube.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the ...

PACKING ASSEMBLY, MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN, AND METHOD

The invention relates to a packing assembly for a material exchange column, comprising at least one structured packing plate and a container in which the at least one structured packing plate is arranged. The at least one structured packing plate has packing packets. Each packing packet has interconnected packing sheets. The packing sheets are corrugated and have corrugation peaks and corrugation valleys. Adjacent packing sheets contact each other at the corrugation peaks. Additional corrugated packing sheets are added between the packing packets such that the at least one packing plate is pretensioned against the container in a radial direction thereof. Both the corrugated packing sheets of the packing packets as well as the additional corrugated packing sheet added between the packing packets are arranged solely on a common preferred plane or parallel thereto. 165136412364136414256425657625762747557627457624256364125762425657624256. A packing assembly () for a mass transfer column () comprising at least one structured packing plate (-) and a vessel () , in which the at least one structured packing plate (-) is arranged , wherein the at least one structured packing plate (-) has packing packets (-) , wherein each packing packet (-) comprises interconnected packing sheets (-) , wherein the packing sheets (-) are corrugated and have corrugation peaks () and corrugation valleys () , wherein neighboring packing sheets (-) contact one another at the corrugation peaks () , wherein additional corrugated packing sheets (-) are inserted between the packing packets (-) in such a way that the at least one packing plate (-) is pretensioned in a radial direction (R) of the vessel () against the latter , and wherein both the corrugated packing sheets (-) of the packing packets (-) and the additional corrugated packing sheets (-) inserted between the packing packets (-) are arranged exclusively in or parallel to a common preferred plane (VE).24256. The packing assembly as claimed ...

OPTIMIZED PACKING STRUCTURE FOR FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

The present invention relates to a packing structure made up of an ordered arrangement of bundles of tubes (). For each tube bundle, tubes () are oriented in the four directions formed by the diagonals of a rectangular parallelepiped having one dimension larger than the others. 1. A packing structure for a fluid contacting column , said structure forming a volume comprising an ordered arrangement of bundles of tubes , the walls of said tubes comprising orifices provided so as to promote circulation and mixing of the fluids in said structure , characterized in that each bundle comprises four tubes respectively oriented in the four directions formed by the diagonals of a rectangular parallelepiped , said rectangular parallelepiped having one side dimension larger than the others.2. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the larger dimension of the rectangular parallelepiped is oriented in the vertical direction of said packing structure.3. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the angle of orientation of the axis of said tubes with respect to a vertical axis ranges between 20° and 50° claim 1 , preferably between 30° and 45°.4. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein hydraulic diameter of tubes ranges between 5 and 50 mm.5. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said tubes have a substantially circular or elliptical section.6. A structure as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the section of said tubes is a polygon.7. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said structure comprises a plurality of parallelepipedic blocks made up of the ordered arrangement of tube bundles.8. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said orifices are inscribed in rectangles whose sides range between 2 and 45 mm claim 1 , and each one of said orifices extends over a surface area greater than 2 mm.9. A structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the surface area of orifices to the surface area of the solid part of said tubes ranges between 10% and 90% claim 1 ...

MULTIFUNCTIONAL INTENSIFIED REACTOR DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

A packing device for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid includes a housing having opposing ends, and subject fluid openings at each opposing end defining a subject fluid flow path for at least one subject fluid flowing through the packing device. A plurality of mass and heat transfer plates each include an interior heat exchange fluid channel disposed between interior heat transfer surfaces of the mass and heat transfer plates. A heat exchange fluid inlet and fluid outlet can supply and remove heat exchange fluid to the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates. The mass and heat transfer plates can be oriented to define there between fluid flow channels for the subject fluid. A method and system for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid, and a method and system for the removal of COfrom a gas stream are disclosed. 1. A packing device for mass and heat transfer with a subject fluid , comprising:a housing having opposing ends, and subject fluid openings at each opposing end defining a subject fluid flow path for at least one subject fluid flowing through the packing device;a plurality of mass and heat transfer plates each comprising opposing mass and heat transfer sides, the mass and heat transfer sides comprising interior heat transfer surfaces and exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces for contacting the at least one subject fluid, and an interior heat exchange fluid channel disposed between the interior heat transfer surfaces of the mass and heat transfer sides;a heat exchange fluid inlet for supplying heat exchange fluid to the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates, and a heat exchange fluid outlet for removing heat exchange fluid from the heat exchange fluid channels of the mass and heat transfer plates;the mass and heat transfer plates being oriented with the exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces aligned with the subject fluid flow path and to the exterior mass and heat transfer surfaces of ...

Mass-transfer machine

In an apparatus for mass transfer between a liquid and a gas inside a rotor, the liquid is supplied to a center of the rotor and is driven outward by centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rotor, the gas surrounding the rotor is forced inward through the rotor by a pressure of the gas, counter to the liquid flow in the rotor, and the rotor has a plurality of passages lying in the plane of the rotor that begin at a center of the rotor and terminate at an outer circumference of the rotor. The passages are each filled with a packing that increases the area of contact between the liquid and the gas.

STRUCTURED PACKING ELEMENT FORMED BY A FLAT PLATE PROVIDED WITH SLOTS AND RECESSES

The present invention relates to a structured packing element () having the shape of a rectangular flat plate, provided with slots () and recesses (). The slots () are intended for assembly by interlocking the structured packing elements together in order to form the structured packing. The recesses () are provided in order to form channels within the structured packing. 1. Structured packing element having the shape of a substantially rectangular flat plate , wherein the packing element comprises at least two slots for interlocking two packing elements inclined with respect to one another , and at least two recesses for forming channels within the structured packing , the slots and the recesses being distributed over both lengths of the flat plate symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the flat plate.2. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the slots are substantially rectangular.3. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the slots have a height h substantially equal to the thickness e of the flat plate.4. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the recesses are substantially triangular.5. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the recesses are arranged between two slots.6. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the length L of the flat plate is comprised between 25 and 100 cm claim 1 , preferably between 45 and 55 cm.7. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the width l of the flat plate is comprised between 3 and 15 cm claim 1 , preferably between 5 and 10 cm.8. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the thickness e of the flat plate is comprised between 2 and 10 mm claim 1 , preferably between 4 and 8 mm.9. Packing element according to claim 1 , in which the distance d between two consecutive slots is comprised between 1 and 50 cm claim 1 , preferably between 10 and 30 cm.10121. Packing structure forming a volume comprising an arrangement of packing elements according to claim 1 , ...

REACTOR PACKING

A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet, an outlet, a wall and an axis. The packing comprises a first part, i.e., a reactor core and a second part, i.e., a reactor casing. The second part is free to move relative to the first part. The first part and the second part are inserted in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall. In general, the second part will be in contact with the reactor wall. 1. A structured packing for insertion in a reactor having an inlet , an outlet , a wall and an axis , said packing comprising a first part and a second part wherein at least one of:the first part has at least one outer surface and/or outer edge oriented at an oblique angle to the reactor wall and in which the second part can move along said outer surface and/or outer edge, andthe second part is free to move relative to the first part, and wherein the second part has at least one inner surface and/or inner edge oriented at an oblique angle to the reactor wall and in which the first part can move along said inner surface and/or inner edge.2. The packing of wherein the first part and the second part are insertable in the reactor such that the first part is located proximate the axis and the second part is located between the first part and the reactor wall.3. The packing of wherein the second part is in contact with the reactor wall.4. The packing of wherein prior to insertion in the reactor claim 2 , the second part has an outer peripheral length greater than the inner circumference of the reactor wall.5. The packing of wherein the outer peripheral length of the second part is about 1 to about 5% greater than the inner circumference of the reactor wall.6. The packing of wherein prior to insertion in the reactor claim 2 , the second part has an outer peripheral length equal to the inner circumference of the reactor wall.7. The packing of wherein prior to ...

Exchange Column With Corrugated Structured Packing And Method For Use Thereof

An exchange column having at least a first layer of structured packing and a second layer of structured packing, each layer formed from corrugated plates, the corrugated plates of the second layer having an orientation that is rotated at an angle relative to the corrugated plates of the first layer from 20° to 90°, wherein the vertical height of the first layer and/or the vertical height of the second layer is greater than 350 mm or greater than 400 mm. 1. An exchange column comprising:{'sup': '2', 'one or more walls defining one or more volumes within the one or more walls, at least one volume of the one or more volumes having a longitudinal axis and a cross section normal to the longitudinal axis, the cross section having an area greater than 0.636 m;'} (i-a) a first set of corrugated plates disposed in vertically parallel relation, each corrugated plate of the first set of corrugated plates having at least one aperture and a plurality of regularly spaced corrugations disposed in crisscrossing relation to the corrugations of an adjacent corrugated plate, the first set of corrugated plates having a vertical height, wherein the height of the first layer is the vertical height of the first set of corrugated plates, or', '(i-b) a first group of two or more sets of corrugated plates, the corrugated plates of each set of the two or more sets disposed in vertically parallel relation, each corrugated plate of each set having at least one aperture and a plurality of regularly spaced corrugations disposed in crisscrossing relation to the corrugations of an adjacent corrugated plate, the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group positioned vertically relative to one another, wherein the corrugated plates of the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group are aligned or rotated relative to the corrugated plates of an adjacent set of the two or more sets by less than 5°, wherein the two or more sets of corrugated plates of the first group have a ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN APPARATUS FOR EXCHANGING HEAT AND MATERIAL

A method for manufacturing a heat and material exchange apparatus having a plurality of columns and by a series of at least three metal plates of rectangular section, the plates being substantially all of the same shape and dimensions, each plate being separated from the adjacent plate by a group of hollow metal columns that are aligned and have a section which is polygonal, the columns of each group being parallel to one another, at least some of the columns of a group containing a material and heat exchange means, at least the parts of the plates which are in contact with the columns being coated with a brazing material wherein the plates are secured to the columns by placing the exchange apparatus in a furnace and by heating the furnace in order to braze the apparatus to form a parallelepipedal block.

STRIPPER AND PACKING APPARATUSES

A packing system includes a first packing element layer including a plurality of blades and a second packing element layer including a plurality of blades. The packing system includes intra-layer variation and/or inter-layer variation. Intra-layer variation includes (i) varying spacing between blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, (ii) varying sizes of the blades within the first and/or the second packing element layer, and/or (iii) varying angle of inclination of the blades within the first and/or second packing element layer. Inter-layer variation includes the blades of the first packing layer having a first spacing, a first size and a first angle of inclination, and the blades of the second packing layer having a second spacing, a second size, and a second angle of inclination. The second spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination is different from the first spacing, size, and/or angle of inclination. 1. A packing system comprising:a first packing element layer including a plurality of blades; anda second packing element layer including a plurality of blades, wherein the packing system includes at least one of intra-layer variation or inter-layer variation, wherein intra-layer variation includes at least one of (i) varying spacing between blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, (ii) varying sizes of the blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, or (iii) varying angle of inclination of the blades within at least one of the first packing element layer or the second packing element layer, and wherein inter-layer variation includes the blades of the first packing layer having a first spacing, a first size, and a first angle of inclination and the blades of the second packing layer having a second spacing, a second size, and a second angle of inclination, wherein at least one of the second spacing, the second size, or the ...

NEW THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURED PACKING FOR IMPROVING THE CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A DISPERSED SOLID PHASE FOLLOWING IN COUNTER-CURRENT

The present invention describes a packing with a three-dimensional structure which is particularly suited to creating homogenous and anisotropic mixing between the gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow. Application of this packing to the stripper of fluidized catalytic cracking units. 1. A packing that makes it possible to achieve homogeneous contact between a gas phase and an emulsion phase flowing in counter-current , said packing being characterized by a three-dimensional structure , consisting in reproducing an elementary pattern produced by means of 3 secant planes , said elementary three-dimensional pattern being a complex volume delimited by 3 vanes , each vane belonging to a plane , and the 3 planes thus defined being such that , considered in pairs , they always have an intersection , each vane being situated in one of the secant planes , and the various elementary patterns being distributed in a plane that is distinct from the 3 secant planes with a triangular pitch spacing , this plane being referred to as a distribution layer , and the final structure corresponding to a vertical stack of several parallel distribution layers , each of these layers having the same density of elementary patterns , in which packing said elementary patterns are inscribed inside a triangular-pitch mesh , the pitch spacing being from 1 to 1.5 times the minimum distance d defined by d=(a+a*cos(60°)+b/2 sin(90°−α)) , the angle α being the angle that the vanes of the pattern make with the horizontal , and which is comprised between 45° and 75° , and preferably between 55° and 65° ,a being the width of the vanes and comprised between 3 cm and 30 cm, and preferably between 5 cm and 15 cm, and b being the distance separating two successive layers and comprised between 3 cm and 50 cm, and preferably between 6 cm and 20 cm, and the successive layers being such that, from one layer to the next, the triangle formed by the 3 most closely-spaced elementary ...

Apparatus for exchanging heat and material

A direct heat exchange and material transfer apparatus having a plurality of columns, a single stack of at least two solid metal plates of rectangular section, the plates being substantially all of the same shape and dimensions and parallel to a determined direction, each plate being separated from the adjacent plate, at least in a first direct heat exchange and material transfer zone of the apparatus, by a group of hollow metal columns that are aligned and have a section which is polygonal and has at least two parallel surfaces, the channels being parallel to the determined direction and contiguous with one another, the columns of each group each being in contact with the two metal plates on either side of the group, at least some of the columns of a group containing a material and heat exchange means.

Reactor for Polymerization Processes

In at least one embodiment, a reactor includes a reactor body. A first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger are within the reactor body. One or more slabs of one or more static inserts are disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger. A plurality of flow paths is defined between the plurality of flow channels of the first internal heat exchanger and the plurality of flow channels of the second internal heat exchanger. Each static insert is configured to rotate or translate a flow path so that on average, the existing boundary layers formed in the first heat exchanger are moved away from the channel walls by a distance of equal or greater than the thickness of the boundary layers at the exit of the first heat exchanger 1. A reactor , comprising;a reactor body;a first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger disposed within the reactor body; andone or more slabs of one or more static inserts disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger, each static insert configured to rotate a flow path between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more static inserts comprises a twisted baffle plate.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more static inserts comprises a plurality of flat sections.4. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a housing disposed around each of the one or static inserts.5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a cylindrical housing.6. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a rectangular housing.7. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a support structure disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger claim 1 , the one or more static inserts disposed on the support structure.8. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the first internal heat exchanger and the ...

Jig for inserting filling member into reactor

A jig for inserting a packing into a flow passage of a reactor extending in one direction or for removing the packing from the flow passage, includes: a pair of strip portions extending in parallel with each other, having a length longer than the flow passage; and link portions arranged in an extending direction of the pair of strip portions, linking the pair of strip portions and having lengths with which the pair of strip portions sandwich the packing therebetween.

Conversion of natural gas into clean liquid fuels

Provided herein are methods and systems for converting natural gas, and specifically methane, into higher-value oxycarbon products, such as methanol, methyl formate, and formic acid. The natural gas is introduced into an aqueous solution with hydroxyl radicals and reacted in ambient conditions to form the desired products in the presence of a metal catalyst. The methods described herein overcome the “over-activation” dilemma of prior art methods that lead to the formation of undesirable carbon oxide compounds. Methods and apparatus for forming hydrogen peroxide via electrolysis and for forming hydroxyl radicals from the hydrogen peroxide via reaction with ferrous ions are also provided.

SUPER LOW PRESSURE DROP PACKING SHEET WITH DIVERSION WINDOWS AND ITS STRUCTURED PACKING

A low pressure drop structured packing sheet with diversion windows, which are formed on both crests and troughs. When in the expanded state where the diversion window and packing sheet are flat on the same plane, the diversion window has an opening and a fan-shaped portion, with the area of the opening being 0%-1000% of that of the fan-shaped portion. Two side intersection lines between the fan-shaped portion and packing sheet is symmetrical with respect to a central folding line which divides the fan-shaped portion into a left part and a right part. The two side intersection lines intercept to each other with an angel of about 10°-170°. When in the operating state where the diversion window and packing sheet are partially folded towards opposite directions, the fluid at the trough flows to a crest of the other side of the packing sheet with the help of diversion windows, thus increasing the area of vapor-liquid mass transfer. Additionally, when liquid goes across the diversion window, liquid at the bottom of the layer flow becomes the liquid on the liquid film, hence effectively facilitating update of the liquid film and turbulence, increasing mixture between the liquid and vapor, and improving rate of the mass transfer between vapor and liquid. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. A low pressure drop structured packing sheet , comprising a plurality of diversion windows and assuming an expanded state or an operating state , wherein , in said expanded state , said diversion windows and the rest of the packing sheet are on the same plane , each of said diversion windows comprises an opening defined by an upper side and a lower side and a fan-shaped portion , said opening has an area which is 0%-1000% of the area of said fan-shaped portion , said fan-shaped portion has a left part and right part divided by a central folding line and being symmetric with respect to said central folding line , said left part is between said central folding line and a ...

NEW PACKING FOR IMPROVING CONTACT BETWEEN A GAS PHASE AND A DISPERSED SOLID PHASE MOVING IN COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW

The present invention describes a packing with a three-dimensional structure which is particularly suited to creating homogenous and anisotropic mixing between a gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow. Application of this packing to the stripper of fluidized catalytic cracking units. 1) A packing to provide homogenous contact between a gas phase and a dispersed solid phase moving in counter-current flow , said packing being characterized by a three-dimensional structure consisting in a collection of rows of chevrons , these substantially parallel rows of chevrons being distributed between two planes forming an angle alpha of between 20 and 70° and preferably of between 45 and 60° with respect to the horizontal , and each row of chevrons being itself characterized by an angle beta constituting the edge of the chevron , this angle beta being comprised between 60 and 120° and preferably comprised between 70 and 110° , the width of a chevron being comprised between 3 and 40 cm , preferably comprised between 5 and 15 cm , two rows of chevrons which are adjacent in the one same plane being separated by a space approximately equal to the width of a row of chevrons , the rows of chevrons belonging to the second plane being located precisely in the gaps left free by the rows of chevrons of the first plane , so as to form a staggered structure , and said packing being placed between two filamentary meshes to which the ends of the rows of chevrons are welded to form a packing unit.2) The packing with three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the edges of each row of chevrons are open claim 1 , the width of said opening being comprised between 5% and 30% claim 1 , and preferably between 8% and 25% of the width of the chevrons.3) A catalytic cracking method using the packing as claimed in claim 1 , as a means for improving contact between the upflow gas phase and the downflow emulsion phase inside the stripper of a catalytic ...

Packing Layer for Structured Packing

The invention relates to a packing layer () for structured packing (), the packing layer () comprising a plurality of structural elements (), and the structural elements () being shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a first fine structure (), and adjacent structural elements () having a first spacing (a), the packing layer () comprising a plurality of protrusions () that are shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a second fine structure (), and adjacent protrusions () having a second spacing (b). According to the invention, the structural elements () and the protrusions () are formed without perforations. 116-. (canceled)17. A packing layer for a structured packing , wherein the packing layer comprises a plurality of structural elements and the structural elements are designed and arranged such that they form a first fine structure , and wherein adjacent structural elements have a first spacing , wherein the packing layer comprises a plurality of dimples which are designed and arranged such that they form a second fine structure , and wherein adjacent dimples have a second spacing , wherein the structural elements and the dimples are designed as hole-free.18. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the first spacing is different from the second spacing.19. The packing layer in accordance with claim 18 , wherein the second spacing is larger than the first spacing.20. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the packing layer is designed as hole-free.21. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the structural elements of the first fine structure are arranged along a first parallel curve group and the dimples of the second fine structure are arranged along a second parallel curve group claim 17 , wherein the first curve group and the second curve group are arranged at an angle of rotation with respect to one another.22. The packing layer in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the second spacing is ...

SPLASH BAR MODULE AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION

A fill in an evaporative cooling tower includes a grid, grid support, module radial support, module column and module radial girts. The grid is to support a plurality of splash bars. The grid support is configured to provide support for the grid. The module radial support is configured to provide support for the grid support. The module column is configured to provide support for the module radial support. The module radial girts is configured to rest on a fill support frame of the evaporative cooling tower and configured to provide support for the module columns. 1. A fill in an evaporative cooling tower , the fill comprising:a grid to support a plurality of splash bars;a grid support configured to provide support for the grid;a module radial support configured to provide support for the grid support;a module column configured to provide support for the module radial support; anda module radial girts configured to rest on a fill support frame of the evaporative cooling tower and configured to provide support for the module columns.2. The fill according to claim 1 , further comprising:an upper fill; anda lower fill, the lower fill being configured to be disposed below the upper fill and the lower fill being configured to support the upper fill, wherein a combined height of the upper fill and the lower fill is about equal to a distance between a pair of upper and lower fill support beams minus a predetermined allowance for insertion.3. The fill according to claim 2 , further comprising:a first fill stack including the upper fill and the lower fill; anda second fill stack including the upper fill and the lower fill, wherein a combined width of the first fill stack and the second fill stack is configured to fit within an opening provided between a pair of adjacent radial framing members.4. The fill according to claim 3 , wherein the combined width of the first fill stack and the second fill stack is equal to a width of the opening provided between the pair of adjacent ...

Gas-liquid contact device, distillation device, and heat exchange device

Provided is an NMP recovery system 1 for causing NMP-containing gas to contact NMP-absorbing water, including: fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D) that are permeable to the water and hold the water, wherein the permeated water moves according to gravity to flow out from the fillers; an NMP-containing gas distribution unit ( 30 ) for distributing the NMP-containing gas so as to cause the NMP-containing gas to contact the water held by the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D); and a water distribution unit ( 40 ) for distributing the water so as to make the water permeate through the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D). In the fillers ( 10 A) to ( 10 D), the NMP-containing gas is made to contact the NMP-absorbing water. Accordingly, NMP in the NMP-containing gas is absorbed in the water, so that the NMP is separated from the NMP-containing gas.

GAS SEPARATION DEVICE AND PACKING

The gas separation device separates or captures a target gas component from a gas to be processed by: causing an absorbing liquid to flow down on a surface of a packing disposed inside a processing tank while supplying the gas to be processed containing the target gas component into the processing tank; bringing the absorbing liquid flowing down on the surface of the packing and the gas to be processed into gas-liquid contact; and thereby causing the absorbing liquid to absorb the target gas component contained in the gas to be processed. The packing includes at least one packing unit formed from multiple expanded metal plates, which are disposed vertically and arranged in parallel. Each expanded metal plate includes strands forming the openings which are arranged like stairs. Each strand is inclined to the vertical direction at an angle in a range from 48° to 73°. 1. A gas separation device configured to separate or capture a target gas component from a gas to be processed by: causing an absorbing liquid to flow down on a surface of a packing disposed inside a processing tank while supplying the gas to be processed containing the target gas component into the processing tank; bringing the absorbing liquid flowing down on the surface of the packing and the gas to be processed into gas-liquid contact; and thereby causing the absorbing liquid to absorb the target gas component contained in the gas to be processed , whereinthe packing comprises at least one packing unit including a plurality of expanded metal plates which are disposed vertically and arranged in parallel, and are each provided with openings arranged like stairs,each expanded metal plate includes strands forming the openings, andeach strand is inclined to the vertical direction at an angle in a range from 48° to 73°.2. The gas separation device according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of each expanded metal plate is in a range from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm.3. The gas separation device according to claim 1 , ...

HIGH CAPACITY TRAY FOR LIQUID-LIQUID TREATING

The present disclosure relates to an improved sieve tray assembly for a liquid-liquid treating column. The tray is a modular design with inlet and outlet downcomer assemblies that are mounted flush to or raised above the sieve deck upper surface. The raised downcomer assemblies provide increased surface area for light liquid upflow perforations and enhanced liquid-liquid contacting capacity and efficiency. 1. A sieve tray assembly , comprising:a sieve deck comprising a plurality of perforations;an inlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of said perforated sieve deck;an outlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of said perforated sieve deck; andan outlet downcomer pipe coupled to the outlet downcomer assembly;wherein the inlet and outlet downcomer assemblies lie outside the plane of the sieve deck.2. The sieve tray assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inlet downcomer assembly and outlet downcomer assembly further includes a riser that is positioned on the sieve deck and supports at least one of the inlet downcomer assembly and outlet downcomer assembly above the sieve deck upper surface.3. The sieve tray assembly of claim 2 , wherein the sieve deck surface area situated below either or both of the riser-equipped downcomer assemblies comprises a plurality of perforations.4. The sieve tray assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a support ring coupled to the sieve deck along a lower sieve deck surface circumferential edge.5. A liquid-liquid contacting column claim 1 , comprising a plurality of sieve tray assemblies claim 1 , wherein each sieve tray assembly comprises:a sieve deck comprising a plurality of perforations;an inlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of the perforated sieve deck;an outlet downcomer assembly coupled to the upper surface of the perforated sieve deck; andan outlet downcomer pipe coupled to the outlet downcomer assembly;wherein radially outer portions of the inlet and outlet downcomer ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

Specialized Immobilization Media

A genre of media is presented for use with a reactor vessel and for the purpose of immobilizing small particles, often catalytic in nature. The media can include a number of ferromagnetic active wafers stacked together and separated by non-ferromagnetic separator portions, such that when in the presence of a magnetic field and magnetic-particle-containing fluid, at least some of the gaps between active wafers captures and suspends magnetic particles.

THERMAL SEPARATION PROCESS

A thermal separation process between a gas ascending in a separating column and a liquid descending in the separating column, which comprise (meth)acrylic monomers, wherein the separating column comprises a sequence of crossflow mass transfer trays, the crossflow mass transfer trays of which have passage orifices for the ascending gas in crossflow direction both in front of and beyond a downcomer for the descending liquid, and such crossflow mass transfer trays and one such crossflow mass transfer tray in a sequence of crossflow mass transfer trays present in a separating column. 127-. (canceled)28. A circular mass transfer tray , comprising passage orifices and at least one downcomer with a downflow orifice only in one half and does not have any feed area free of passage orifices in the other half , wherein the tray has passage orifices for gas ascending in working operation , proceeding from the center of the downflow orifice of the at least one downcomer , not only in the tray area in front of the at least one downcomer in the direction of the opposite half , but also in the tray area beyond the at least one downcomer in the opposite direction.29. A sequence , present in a separation column , the sequence comprising at least two identical crossflow mass transfer trays comprising at least one downcomer through which liquid descends from a particular crossflow mass transfer tray , the crossflow mass transfer trays being arranged one on top of another within the sequence in the separation column , such that two crossflow mass transfer trays in the separation column , one of which follows the other in the downward direction , are each mounted offset from one another by 180° about the longitudinal axis of the column , as a result of which their downcomers are on mutually opposite sides of the separation column ,wherein:the at least one downcomer of the upper of two successive crossflow mass transfer trays constitutes at least one upcomer for the crossflow mass ...

Apparatus for steam-methane reforming

Apparatuses for use in plants for processing methane, the apparatuses comprising a plurality of reaction modules each including a plurality of Fischer-Tropsch reactors operable to convert a gaseous mixture including carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a liquid hydrocarbon. Each module may be disconnected and taken away for servicing while allowing the plant to continue to operate. In some of the apparatuses, each Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises a plurality of metal sheets arranged as a stack to define first and second flow channels for flow of respective fluids, the channels being arranged alternately to ensure good thermal contact between the fluids in the channels.

Contacter

A device is provided having a structure for conducting a first fluid, the structure having in addition an interface for conducting a second fluid. The first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid at the interface of the structure. A flow interrupter () for interrupting a flow of the second fluid is situated at the interface of the structure. 115-. (canceled)16120012001200. A distillation column , extraction column or gas scrubber comprising a contactor for contacting at least two fluid flows , comprising a structure with pores and/or capillaries having a mean diameter of 200 μm to 1 mm for conducting a first fluid , whereby the structure comprises a contact zone not comprising pores and/or capillaries having a mean diameter of 200 μm to 1 mm , which contact zone is designed to conduct a second fluid , and whereby in the contact zone the first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid , wherein in the contact zone at least one flow breaker (.) is provided for interrupting a flow of the second fluid , wherein the flow breaker (.) comprises at least two ledges (.) each having a proximal end disposed toward the structure and a distal end disposed toward the contact zone , wherein the distal end of each ledge is spaced away from the structure by a height dimension , and the two ledges are spaced away from each other by a spacing dimension , wherein a ratio of the spacing dimension to the height dimension is in a range of 1 to 10 , wherein a distributor for distributing the first fluid in the structure is provided at a first end of the contactor and a collector for collecting the first fluid from the structure is provided at a second end of the contactor opposed to the first end.17. The distillation column claim 16 , extraction column or gas scrubber according to claim 16 , wherein the second fluid can flow in a second direction claim 16 , which crosses the flow breaker.181200. The distillation column claim 16 , extraction column or gas ...

PLANAR CATALYST FILLING

The invention relates to a catalyst filling, comprising a first layer of a planar catalyst material and a second layer of a planar catalyst material lying over said first layer, wherein the catalyst material of the first layer comprises at least two plates, which butt against each other to form an abutment edge in each case, wherein the catalyst material of the second layer comprises at least two plates, which butt against each other to form an abutment edge in each case, and wherein the plates of the second layer are designed and/or arranged relative to the plates of the first layer in such a way that the abutment edge or abutment edges of the second layer are not aligned with the abutment edge or abutment edges of the first layer. 115-. (canceled)16. A catalyst filling comprising:a first layer of a planar catalyst material and a second layer of a planar catalyst material disposed thereabove,wherein the catalyst material of the first layer comprises at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge;wherein the catalyst material of the second layer comprises at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge; andwherein the plates of the second layer are configured and/or arranged relative to the plates of the first layer that on a projection of the abutment edge(s) of the first layer and of the abutment edge(s) of the second layer into a common plane, no abutment edge of the first layer has more than one common point with an abutment edge of the second layer.17. The catalyst filling in accordance with claim 16 , wherein a third layer of a planar catalyst material is arranged above the second layer of the planar catalyst material claim 16 , with the catalyst material of the third layer comprising at least two plates that each abut one another while forming an abutment edge claim 16 , with the plates of the third layer being configured and/or arranged relative to the plates of the second layer such that on a ...

STRUCTURED PACKING FOR CATALYTIC DISTILLATION

A catalytic distillation structure that may include a rigid framework having at least two grids with a plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes mounted to said grids to form a plurality of fluid pathways among the plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes. Additionally, each horizontal fluid permeable tubes may have a profile of a six-sided polygon. Further, the catalytic distillation structure may include a plurality of vertically plates or wires connecting vertically aligned tubes of the plurality of horizontal fluid permeable tubes. Furthermore, the plurality of vertically plates or wires connects from a corner of one vertically aligned tubes to a corner of an adjacent vertically aligned tube. 1. A catalytic distillation structure , comprising:a rigid framework having at least two grids spaced apart;a plurality of fluid permeable tubes mounted to said grids to form a plurality of fluid pathways among the plurality of fluid permeable tubes, wherein each fluid permeable tubes have a profile of a six-sided polygon, wherein each of the fluid permeable tubes extend from a first to a second of the at least two grids;a plurality of plates or wires connecting and aligning tubes of the plurality of fluid permeable tubes, wherein the plurality of plates or wires connects from a lowermost corner of one aligned tubes to an uppermost corner of an adjacent aligned tube.2. The catalytic distillation structure of claim 1 , further comprising a first series of vertically aligned tubes and a second series of vertically aligned tubes claim 1 , wherein the first series comprises the plurality of fluid permeable tubes arrayed in a parallel claim 1 , adjacent and aligned columns within the first series claim 1 , and the second series comprises the plurality of fluid permeable tubes arrayed in a parallel claim 1 , adjacent and aligned columns within the second series.3. The catalytic distillation structure of claim 2 , wherein the first series of aligned tubes are offset from ...

FILL SHEETS AND RELATED FILL PACK ASSEMBLIES

A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower includes an air intake end, an air outlet end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The air outlet end is positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis. The top edge connects the air intake end and the air outlet end and the bottom edge also connects the air intake end and the air outlet end. The bottom edge is positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis. A plurality of flutes extends generally parallel to the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end. An offset extends generally parallel to the vertical axis. A first flute of the plurality of flutes transitions from a first peak at a first side of the offset to a first valley at a second side of the offset. 1. A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower when arranged into fill packs comprised of pluralities of fill sheets , the fill sheet comprising:an air intake end;an air outlet end positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis;a top edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end;a bottom edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end, the bottom edge positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis; anda plurality of spacers extending from a heat transfer area of the fill sheet between the air intake end, the air outlet end, the top edge and the bottom edge, the plurality of spacers including a first spacer having a first head end and a first tail end, the first head end positioned closer to the top edge than the first tail end, the first spacer defining a first spacer axis, the first spacer axis defining a first acute spacer angle with the lateral axis, the plurality of spacers including a second spacer having a second head end and a second tail end, the second head end positioned closer to the top edge than the first tail end, the second spacer defining a second spacer axis, the second spacer axis defining a second acute spacer angle with the ...

FILL SHEETS AND RELATED FILL PACK ASSEMBLIES

A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower includes an air intake end, an air outlet end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The air outlet end is positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis. The top edge connects the air intake end and the air outlet end and the bottom edge also connects the air intake end and the air outlet end. The bottom edge is positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis. A plurality of flutes extends generally parallel to the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end. An offset extends generally parallel to the vertical axis. A first flute of the plurality of flutes transitions from a first peak at a first side of the offset to a first valley at a second side of the offset. 1. A fill sheet for cooling a heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower when assembled into fill packs comprised of pluralities of fill sheets for use in a cross-flow cooling tower , the fill sheet comprising:an air intake end;an air outlet end positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis;a top edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end;a bottom edge connecting the air intake end and the air outlet end, the bottom edge positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis, the heat transfer fluid configured for flowing between the top edge and the bottom edge;a plurality of flutes extending generally along the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end; anda transition feature providing a flat section of macrostructure extending generally parallel to the vertical axis, a first flute of the plurality of flutes transitioning from the flat section of the transition feature, the flat section including a rib extending generally parallel to the vertical axis and a spacer proximate to the rib to provide lateral support for the rib.2. The fill sheet of claim 1 , wherein the transition feature is comprised of an offset that transitions from a flute peak to a flute valley ...

COUNTERCURRENT CONTACTING DEVICES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other or adjacent opposed ends of the deflector blades and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams. 1. A contacting device subassembly for the countercurrent contacting of a solid and liquid phase or a liquid and vapor phase , said contacting device subassembly comprising:a first grid formed of a first set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades;a second grid formed of a second set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades that are interleaved with and cross the first set of deflector blades at a preselected angle, the deflector blades in the first and second sets each having opposed ends and side edges; anda transverse strip formed by uncut portions of the side edges of adjacent ones of the deflector blades and located either where the deflector blades cross or adjacent each of the opposed ends,wherein if the transverse strip is located where the deflector blades cross, the deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades include apertures and directional tabs associated with the apertures.2. The contacting device subassembly of claim 1 , wherein the transverse strip is located adjacent each of the opposed ends of the deflector blades and wherein the side edges of the deflector blades ...

Method of Mass Transfer and Mass Transfer Apparatus for a Small Liquid Load

A method of mass transfer includes the steps of: supplying a first fluid and a second fluid into a mass transfer apparatus, wherein the mass transfer apparatus includes a vessel which has a head region, a base region and a mass transfer region, wherein the first fluid is brought into contact with the second fluid at least in the mass transfer region, wherein the mass transfer region is arranged between the head region and the base region and the mass transfer region includes a structured packing which includes a plurality of neighboring layers of fabric which includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material. The mass transfer apparatus is operated at a fluid load of at most 3 m 3 /m 2 /h. The fabric of the structured packing includes fiber strands of a non-metallic material which are formed as weft threads, wherein the weft threads have a yarn count of at least 100 g/1000 m and the weft threads include at least 20 yarns/25.4 mm

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

COUNTERCURRENT CONTACTING DEVICES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams. 1. A contacting device for the countercurrent contacting of a solid and liquid phase or a liquid and vapor phase , said contacting device comprising:a first grid formed of a first set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades;a second grid formed of a second set of spaced-apart and parallel-extending deflector blades that are interleaved with and cross the first set of deflector blades at a preselected angle, adjacent ones of the interleaved deflector blades in the first and second sets each having opposite ends and side edges, the side edges having portions that join the adjacent ones of the interleaved deflector blades along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross; andapertures formed in the deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades and directional tabs associated with the apertures.2. The contacting device of claim 1 , wherein the directional tabs associated with the apertures extend upwardly from deflector blades of the first and/or second sets of deflector blades.3. The contacting device of claim 1 , wherein the directional tabs associated with the apertures extend downwardly from deflector blades of the first and/or second ...

Filling body

Filling bodies for the use in unstructured packings. The filling body has a fibre-reinforced carbon flat material. Two strip regions of the carbon flat material, which are separated by a cut, transition into two connecting regions of the carbon flat material.

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor according to an embodiment includes a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed, a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit, and a seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing. The seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing. 1. A catalytic reactor , comprising:a catalytic unit including at least one catalyst having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of passages extending in an axial direction are formed;a reactor housing accommodating the catalytic unit; anda seal plate sealing between an outer periphery of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing,wherein the seal plate seals between the outer periphery of the catalytic unit and the inner periphery of the reactor housing at an upstream end portion of the catalytic unit with respect to a flow of a fluid flowing in the reactor housing.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 ,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape extending in the axial direction, andwherein the reactor housing has a cylindrical shape.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein a plurality of the catalytic units are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein the plurality of catalytic units are arranged in a grid shape in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction inside the reactor housing.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 ,wherein the catalytic unit includes a casing integrally holding the at least one catalyst.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 3 ,wherein each catalytic ...

Defect tolerant honeycomb structures

In one embodiment, a honeycomb structure formed from ceramic material, or ceramic honeycomb structure, includes at least one outer wall defining a perimeter of the honeycomb structure. A plurality of primary zone partitions and secondary zone partitions may extend in an axial direction of the honeycomb structure and across a width of the honeycomb structure. The primary zone partitions and the secondary zone partitions intersect with one another to divide a radial cross section of the honeycomb structure into a plurality of zones. The primary zone partitions and the secondary zone partitions may have a single-wall thickness with a maximum thickness T zmax . Each zone may comprise a plurality of channel walls intersecting to subdivide the zone into a plurality of through channels extending in the axial direction of the honeycomb structure, the plurality of channel walls within each zone having a thickness of at least tc and T Zmax >2t C .

PACKING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

The packing has one or more thin-layer packing elements that are installed upright, the packing element having a main body portion with a planar liquid film formation surface, and one or more wall portions that are provided upright relative to the liquid film formation surface along a linear direction. The side surface of each wall portion has a curved portion at the base thereof connected to the liquid film formation surface, the curved portion curbing so as to continue into the liquid film formation surface. 1. A packing for gas-liquid contact , having at least one packing element of a thin layer shape that is placed in a standing position , the packing element of the thin layer shape comprising:a main body portion having a planar liquid film-forming surface extending along a liquid flow direction; andat least one wall portion that is provided upright relative to the liquid film-forming surface and extending along a liquid flow linear direction,wherein the wall portion has a side surface which has a curved surface portion at a base connected to the liquid film-forming surface, the curbed surface portion curbing so as to be continuous to the liquid film-forming surface.2. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the wall portion is provided substantially perpendicular to the liquid film-forming surface claim 1 , and the side surface of the wall portion has a flat surface portion perpendicular to the liquid film-forming surface and continuous to the curved surface portion.3. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the curved surface portion is a concave surface along a cylindrical surface and is curved with a curvature radius at which the critical Weber number in a liquid film formed by a liquid on the liquid film-forming surface is minimized.4. The packing according to claim 1 , wherein the packing element has a pair of the wall portions at both side ends of the liquid film-forming surface.5. The packing according to claim 1 , having a plurality of the packing ...

STRUCTURED PACKING WITH ENHANCED FLUID-FLOW INTERFACE

A structured packing sheet includes a top interface region, a first turning region, a central region, a second turning region, and a bottom interface region. The central region includes a plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion and arranged generally parallel to each other. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a first angle with respect to a vertical axis. The top interface region and the bottom interface region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross in a linear fashion. The plurality of corrugations are arranged at a second angle with respect to the vertical axis. The second angle is smaller than the first angle. The first turning region and the second turning region include the plurality of corrugations extending thereacross. The plurality of corrugations have a plurality of breaks in the first turning region and the second turning region. 1. A process column of the type facilitating enhanced interaction of a first fluid and a second fluid passing in counter-current flow therethrough and being constructed of a vessel having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet disposed in a upper region thereof and a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet disposed in a lower region thereof for facilitating the counter-current flow of the first fluid and the second fluid therethrough , the process column comprising:a structured packing system having a plurality of packing layers, each packing layer including a plurality of vertically oriented packing sheets, the vertically oriented packing sheets comprising:a central region having linear corrugations disposed thereacross;a top interface region having a first linear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a first turning region having at least one of a first plurality of breaks and a first curvilinear extension of the linear corrugations extending thereacross;a second turning region having at least one of a second plurality of breaks and a ...

Column with angular profiles

The invention relates to a column having: a shell, which is extended along a longitudinal axis and encloses an interior of the column, at least one mass transfer tray, which is extended along a column cross section, extending transversely to the longitudinal axis, of the column, and at least one liquid distributor, which is designed to feed the at least one mass transfer tray with a liquid phase. In accordance with the invention, the mass transfer tray has a plurality of runoff elements extending parallel to and at a distance from one another, more particularly in the form of angular profiles, which are each extended along the column cross section, where the runoff elements each have first and second runoff surfaces extended along the column cross section, and where the two runoff surfaces converge along the longitudinal axis in the direction of the liquid distributor and meet, and in so doing form an edge extended along the column cross section, and where the liquid distributor is designed to apply the liquid phase to the edges of the runoff elements, so that the liquid phase applied to the respective runoff element flows off from the respective runoff element via the runoff surfaces at both sides of the respective edge.

PACKING

A packing has a plurality of sheet materials spaced and arranged in parallel, and liquid flows along the flat surface thereof in a standing use state. Each sheet material has at least one member group including a plurality of support members arranged such that the upper end of the uppermost support member corresponds to the upper end of the sheet material and the lower end of the lowermost support member corresponds to the lower end of the sheet material. Each support member has a pair of support walls parallel to the liquid flow direction and perpendicular to the sheet material surface, and a bridging part connecting the support walls. A sandwiching structure is formed that one sheet material is held by at least one support member attached thereto and at least one support member attached to an adjacent sheet material, and it extends linearly through the plurality of sheet materials. 1. A packing for gas-liquid contact comprising a plurality of sheet materials , the plurality of sheet materials being spaced and arranged in parallel , to be used in a standing state to cause a liquid to flow along a flat surface of each of the plurality of sheet materials , wherein each one of the plurality of sheet materials comprises:at least one member group including a plurality of support members which are attached to the sheet material and are arranged in such a manner that an upper end of an uppermost support member corresponds to an upper end of the sheet material and that a lower end of a lowermost support member corresponds to a lower end of the sheet material in the standing state,wherein each of the plurality of support members includes:a pair of support walls each of which is connected to the sheet material at one side so as to be parallel to a liquid flow direction and perpendicular to the flat surface along which the liquid flows; anda bridging part that connects the other sides of the pair of support walls, andwherein the at least one member group in each of the ...

Hydroprocessing Reactor to Lower Pressure Drop and Extend Catalyst Life

A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks includes a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel. A basket is located within the reactor vessel interior and contains a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock that is discharged to a purified feedstock outlet. A catalyst is located within the reactor vessel and in fluid communication with the purified feedstock outlet of the basket for contacting the purified feedstock to form a desired product. 1. A reactor for accommodating high contaminant feedstocks comprising:a reactor vessel having an inlet for introducing a feedstock containing contaminants into an interior of the reactor vessel, the interior being defined by an interior wall of the reactor vessel;a distributor assembly located below and in fluid communication with the inlet for discharging the feedstock radially outward towards the interior walls of the reactor vessel;a basket located within the reactor vessel interior and below the distributor assembly, the basket having a fluid permeable outer wall and a first fluid permeable inner wall that is spaced radially inward from the outer wall to define a first annular interior space of the basket, the first annular interior space of the basket containing a particulate material for removing contaminants from the feedstock, the outer wall of the basket being spaced radially inward from the interior wall of the reactor vessel to define an annular flow space between the outer wall of the basket and the interior wall of the reactor vessel, and wherein feedstocks introduced into the reactor vessel from the distributor assembly flow through the annular flow space and radially inward through the first annular interior space of the basket and through the particulate material to facilitate removal of contaminants from the feedstock to form a purified feedstock, the first fluid ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR THE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IN THE FORM OF A THIN LAYER INTO A FALLING FILM REACTOR

System and process for uniform distribution of liquid organic substance in thin layer form in a falling film reactor, defined by a plurality of tubes. It is contemplated to feed the same amount of liquid organic substance to all tubes and then distribute it uniformly as a thin layer on the perimeter of each tube and by two coupled plates and sheet interposed therebetween; the lower plate is machined to create a groove and a spillway around each hole, a slit of constant thickness. 1. A process for the uniform distribution of liquid organic substance in the form of a thin layer into a falling film reactor , the latter defined by a plurality of tubes; wherein it provides for feeding the same amount of liquid organic substance in all the tubes and then uniformly distributing it as a thin layer on the perimeter of each tube.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein it provides for feeding the organic substance into grooves each of which in turn provides for feeding the entire circumference of each tube3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein it is provided to transfer the organic substance from the groove to the tube passing through a slit of constant thickness smaller than 0.5 mm.4. A distribution system of an organic substance in a sulfonation process in a falling film reactor defined by a plurality of tubes claim 1 , wherein it comprises two coupled plates and a sheet interposed between the two; the plates are provided with a hole in correspondence to each tube claim 1 , having the same diameter as the interior of the tubes; the bottom plate claim 1 , is machined so as to create a groove around each hole.5. The system according to claim 4 , wherein the organic substance is fed to the grooves by means of channels formed in the thickness of the plate and through a connecting hole for each groove.6. The system according to claim 5 , wherein said hole has an orifice having a passage section of such a size as to generate a high product load loss.7. The system ...

STRUCTURED PACKING MODULE FOR USE IN A MASS TRANSFER COLUMN AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets. 1. A structured packing module comprising:a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module; andfasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module.2. The structured packing module of claim 1 , wherein each of the structured packing sheets is corrugated with parallel corrugations and the structured packing sheets are arranged so that the corrugations of each one of the structured packing modules extend at an oblique angle to the corrugations of the adjacent ones of the structured packing modules.3. The structured packing module of claim 2 , wherein the fasteners do not extend to the opposite sides of the structured packing module.4. The structured packing module of claim 2 , wherein each of the fasteners extending from one of the sides of the structured packing module is paired with another one of the fasteners that extends from the opposite side of the structured packing module.5. The structured packing module of claim 4 , including two of the pairs of the fasteners positioned at spaced-apart locations. ...

METHOD OF ATTACHING/DETACHING CATALYTIC UNIT AND CATALYTIC REACTOR

A method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to an embodiment is a method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit accommodated in a reactor housing of a catalytic reactor, including a step of passing the catalytic unit through a gas inlet formed at a top portion of the reactor housing to attach or detach the catalytic unit to or from the reactor housing having a cylindrical shape extending in a vertical direction and configured such that a gas having a gauge pressure of 0.2 Mpa or more is introduced thereto. 1. A method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit accommodated in a reactor housing of a catalytic reactor , comprising:a step of passing the catalytic unit through a gas inlet formed at a top portion of the reactor housing to attach or detach the catalytic unit to or from the reactor housing having a cylindrical shape extending in a vertical direction, the reactor housing being configured such that a gas having a gauge pressure of 0.2 Mpa or more is introduced into the reactor housing.2. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 ,wherein the inlet has a circular shape,wherein the catalytic unit has a quadrangular prism shape, andwherein a diagonal dimension of the catalytic unit in a cross-section perpendicular to an extending direction of the quadrangular prism shape is smaller than an inner diameter of the inlet.3. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of attaching/detaching a seal plate for sealing between an outer periphery of an upper portion of a casing of the catalytic unit and an inner periphery of the reactor housing when the catalytic unit is attached to or detach from the reactor housing.4. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 3 , further comprising a step of passing the seal plate divided into a plurality of segments through the inlet.5. The method of attaching/detaching a catalytic unit according to claim 1 , ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE STRUCTURED PACKING FOR A FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN

The packing consists of a pile of plates comprising corrugations forming a succession of positive and negative edges, each edge comprising fins, each fin being made up of at least one band cut out in one of the plates and remaining secured to the plate on at least one side, the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate, wherein the direction of the edges of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to the direction of the edges of an adjacent plate. Each plate comprises at least one longitudinal zone parallel to one lip of the plate where the edges comprise no orifice, the zones being positioned in such a way that two adjacent plates have their zone one above the other so as to form at least one point of contact between a positive edge and a negative edge of the two adjacent plates. 1. A structured packing of a fluid contacting column defining an exchange surface for at least one liquid phase intended to come into intimate contact with at least one gas phase , said packing consisting of a pile of plates comprising corrugations , each plate being inscribed between two parallel planes , said corrugations forming a succession of positive and negative edges , each edge comprising fins inscribed between said two parallel planes , each one of said fins consisting of at least one band cut out in one of said plates , width of the band ranging between 1 and 15 mm , the band remaining secured to the plate on at least one side and the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate , wherein direction of the edges of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to direction of the edges of an adjacent plate , characterized in that each plate comprises at least one longitudinal zone parallel to one lip of the plate , where the edges comprise no orifice , said zones being positioned in such a way that two adjacent plates have their said zone one above the other so as to ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from an process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disk-shaped elements have a diameter of about 11/2 inches.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the monoliths have a width and a length of about 11/2 inches.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SEPARATION METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESS STREAMS IN COMPONENT SEPARATION UNITS

A method for removing contaminants from a process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream. The reticulated material also facilitate process stream flow distribution in process units. The reticulated material can be packed with a void space between a substantial number of the reticulated material that can be varied to enhance filtration and flow distribution. The method of filtering also provides a method of removing contaminants leaving process equipment. The methods can be used on a variety of process streams and process equipment. The reticulated material can include ceramics, metallic materials, and chemical vapor deposition elements. The reticulated material can be of various shapes and sizes, and can also be catalytically active. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a contaminated process stream comprising:a) providing a plurality of randomly packed reticulated elements within a process unit, wherein the reticulated elements are sized such that there is a significant and varied void space therebetween, and wherein the entire depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements is capable of filtering contaminants from the process stream; and(b) contacting the contaminated process stream with the reticulated elements to filter contaminants from the contaminated process stream on a surface of the reticulated elements while allowing the process stream to pass through the significant and varied void space between the reticulated elements to produce a substantially decontaminated process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of disk-shaped elements.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reticulated elements comprise a plurality of monoliths.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements within the process unit is at least six inches.56. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein the depth of the randomly packed reticulated elements ...

HIGH-PERFORMANCE STRUCTURED PACKING FOR A FLUID CONTACTING COLUMN

The packing consists of a pile of plates comprising corrugations forming a succession of channels comprising fins, each fin being made up of at least one band cut out in one of the plates and remaining secured to the plate on at least one side, the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate, wherein the direction of the channels of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to the direction of the edges of an adjacent plate. Finally, the lengths of the fins of a channel are different from those of the fins of a neighbouring channel. 1. A structured packing of a fluid contacting column defining an exchange surface for at least one liquid phase intended to come into intimate contact with at least one gas phase , said packing consisting of a pile of rectangular plates comprising corrugations , each plate being inscribed between two parallel planes , said corrugations forming a succession of channels comprising fins inscribed between said two parallel planes , each one of said fins consisting of at least one band cut out in one of said plates , width of the band ranging between 1 and 15 mm , the band remaining secured to the plate on at least one side and the band being deformed so as to create an orifice forming a discontinuity on the surface of the plate , wherein direction of the channels of a plate forms a non-zero angle with respect to direction of the channels of an adjacent plate , and wherein the lengths of the fins of a channel are different from the lengths of the fins of a neighbouring channel.2. A packing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the length of the fins of a channel ranges between 1 and 15 mm claim 1 , and the length of the fins of a neighbouring channel is greater claim 1 , ranging between 2 and 50 mm.3. A packing as claimed in claim 1 , wherein all the fins of one channel have the same length.4. A fluid contacting column comprising several blocks with structured packings as claimed in claim 1 , ...

CONTACT DEVICE FOR HEAT/MASS EXCHANGE AND PHASE SEPARATION

The invention relates to packed contact devices used in heat/mass exchange column apparatuses in which the processes of rectification, distillation, absorption, and extraction are run, and can be applied in the oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, gas-processing, and food-manufacturing industries. A contact device for carrying out heat/mass exchange and separation of phases in sectional cross-flow packed columns in gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems comprises a plurality of identical contact elements assembled one upon another in one or more rows in blocks held together by spokes and vertical posts, with formation of walls in the column body that are restricted on horizontal end faces by horizontal segmental baffles conjugated in an arc with the column body; thereat, arranged between the walls are liquid distributors having a perforated part, an additional baffle, deflector plates, and vertical support plates. The space between the lower and upper walls is sealed by means of battens. 1. A contact device for carrying out heat/mass exchange and separation of phases in sectional cross-flow packed columns in gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems , said device including an aggregate of identical contact elements assembled in a block , wherein the contact elements are arranged in parallel to each other , and being distinguished in that the blocks of identical contact elements assembled one upon another in one or more rows are held together by spokes and vertical posts and form various solid figures , which are restricted on horizontal end faces by horizontal segmental baffles conjugated in an arc with the column body; arranged below the lower end face of the upper wall and the upper end face of the lower wall is an additional baffle , which is partially conjugated with a corresponding horizontal segmental baffle acting as a distributor for the liquid downflow and made in the form of a plate with free end bent upward in gas/liquid systems (a) and in liquid/liquid ...

EXCHANGE COLUMN CONTACTOR CONSISTING OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF STRUCTURED PACKINGS

The invention relates to a contactor () for a heat and/or material exchange column comprising an arrangement of two structured packings (A, B) developing different geometric surface areas and having parallel principal directions. 1. A contactor for a column intended for heat and/or material exchange between two fluids , said contactor comprising at least one packing layer consisting of an arrangement of at least a first structured packing and a second structured packing developing a specific geometric surface area greater than said first structured packing , characterized in that the principal direction of said first structured packing is parallel to the principal direction of said second structured packing.2. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first and second structured packing are arranged as structured packing blocks claim 1 , and wherein each block of said first structured packing is surrounded by blocks of said second structured packing.3. A contactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said blocks are substantially parallelepipedic claim 2 , cylindrical claim 2 , prismatic and/or they have the shape of cylinder portions.4. A contactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the volume of each block of said second structured packing is smaller than the volume of each block of said first structured packing.5. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 2 , said blocks being substantially parallelepipedic claim 2 , said blocks of said second structured packing form claim 2 , in a horizontal plane claim 2 , substantially perpendicular bands.6. A contactor as claimed in wherein claim 2 , said blocks being substantially cylindrical claim 2 , said blocks of said second structured packing form claim 2 , in a horizontal plane claim 2 , substantially concentric circles.7. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the periphery of said contactor consists of said second structured packing.8. A contactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the specific geometric surface area ...

STRUCTURED PACKING FOR GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER UNIT

In existing structured packing, performance depends on effective contacting area. Performance decreases in cases having high surface tensions such mixtures containing a lot of water. Such mixtures are difficult to wet the packing surface. The present invention prevents liquid from intersecting the crease of the corrugation and from falling into a free space. Further, liquid flowing into the slot makes frequent liquid and vapor interfacial update resulting in positive utilization of the wetted area. The most important point of this invention is taking a large value of 3.5 or more of P/H (pitch/height of the crimp) and providing the horizontal slot on the crease, resulting in adding the flow reversal mechanism and frequent interfacial update. 1. A packing system comprising:a plurality of sheets, each sheet of the plurality of sheets comprising a first bend and an opposite parallel second bend, the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend defining a waved surface;a plurality of slots, each slot of the plurality of slots disposed across at least one of the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend; andwherein each sheet of the plurality of sheets is arranged in a cross-wise fashion relative to a vertically-adjacent sheet.2. The packing system of claim 1 , comprising a tab associated with each slot of the plurality of slots claim 1 , the tab being joined to opposite edges of the slot and being deflected inwardly with respect to the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend.3. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein:the slot comprises a width greater than or equal to 3mm; andthe slot comprises an actual length more than 50% of an unfolded length.4. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein the first bend and the opposite parallel second bend are disposed at an angle between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 60 degrees relative to a horizontal plane.5. The packing system of claim 2 , wherein a ratio of pitch to height of the first bend and the ...

CATALYTIC REACTOR

A catalytic reactor for industrial-scale hydrogenation processes is described. The catalytic reactor contains a catalytic fixed bed that comprises a support structure and a catalyst. During operation of the reaction in the catalytic reactor, the fixed bed is filled with reaction medium to at least 85% by volume. A very high contact area of the catalyst with the reaction medium is at the same time provided. The support structure is formed from material webs having a thickness of 5 to 25 μm, with a crosslinking density of at least 3 mmpresent. The support structure consists of metals selected from elements of groups 8, 6 and 11 of the periodic table of the elements and mixtures thereof. 112-. (canceled)13. A catalytic reactor , comprising a catalytic fixed bed having a volume V , a support structure and a catalyst , wherein , during a reaction , the catalytic fixed bed is filled with a reaction medium to at least 85% by volume and the contact area of the catalyst with the reaction medium is at least 2000 mper mvolume of the catalytic fixed bed; and wherein:{'sup': '−3', 'a) the support structure is formed from material webs having a thickness of 5 to 25 μm, with a crosslinking density of at least 3 mmpresent;'}b) the support structure consists of metals selected from elements of groups 8, 6 and 11 of the periodic table of the elements and mixtures thereof;c) the support structure is catalytically inert and serves as a support body for a catalyst that is applied to the support structure in the form of a catalytically active coating.14. The catalytic reactor of claim 13 , wherein the proportion of the catalyst applied to the support structure through coating is 2 to 500 kg per mvolume of the catalytic fixed bed.15. The catalytic reactor of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst comprises: 60% to 99.8% by weight of support oxides and 0.2% to 10% by weight of catalytically active components claim 14 , wherein the percentages are claim 14 , in each case claim 14 , based on the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING FRACTIONATION TRAYS

A chemical-process system includes a chemical-process column and a support disposed on an interior of the chemical-process column. A tray is disposed on a top surface of the support. A bolt is disposed through the tray and a clamp is disposed below the tray. The clamp has a notch formed therein for receiving a head region of the bolt. The clamp engages a bottom surface of the tray and a bottom surface of the support. The bolt is able to angularly displace with respect to at least one of the tray and the clamp. 1. A method for securing a tray in a chemical-process column , the method comprising:placing the tray on a support formed on an interior of the chemical-process column;disposing a bolt through the tray;positioning a clamp below the tray, the clamp being engaged with the bolt;engaging the clamp with a bottom surface of the tray and a bottom surface of the support;securing the tray to the support via a clamp system comprising a clamp and a bolt; andarticulating the bolt with respect to at least one of the clamp or the tray.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises articulating the bolt by zero degrees relative to the clamp.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clamp comprises a generally U-shaped profile.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clamp comprises a generally V-shaped profile.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises angularly displacing the bolt via a rounded bolt seat.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the rounded bolt seat is disposed on an underside of the clamp.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the articulating comprises angularly displacing the bolt via a dome-shaped washer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the dome-shaped washer engages the bolt and is disposed on a top surface of the tray.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the securing comprises:securing a head region of the bolt via a notch; andtightening a nut disposed on a top surface of the tray, the nut operatively engaged with the bolt. This ...

Method for moving a packed section about a remote manufacturing yard

A method for moving a packed column section about a remote manufacturing yard is provided. In one embodiment, the packed column section can include a first course, a second course, packing disposed within the first course and second course, and a plurality of distributors. The method can include the steps of placing the packed column section on top of a movable platform, the movable platform configured to support and distribute the weight of the packed column section; and moving the packed column section from a first point to a second point, the second point being in an open area adapted for stacking a plurality of packed column sections on top of each other to form a column.

Annular divided wall column

An annular divided wall column is provided. The annular divided wall column includes a first annular column wall and a second annular column wall disposed within the first annular column wall and radially spaced therefrom to define an annulus column region as the space between the first annular column wall and the second annular column wall. An interior core column region is also defined by the interior space of the second annular column wall. The present annular divided wall column further includes a plurality of packing elements, disposed within the interior core column region within the annulus column region having different surface area densities and optionally, also have different geometries.

ENHANCED PHOTO-CATALYTIC CELLS

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for ionizing air includes a first reflector and a first target. The first reflector receives direct UV energy (from a UV emitter) and reflects it to form reflected UV energy. The first target has an inner face that also receives direct UV energy (from the UV emitter). The first target also has an outer face that receives the reflected UV energy from the first reflector. The faces of the first target are coated with a photo-catalytic coating. The first target may also have passages between the faces. 1 receive direct ultra-violet (“UV”) energy from a first UV emitter, and', 'reflect the direct UV energy from the first UV emitter to form reflected UV energy;, 'a first reflector arranged toa target including: receive direct UV energy from the first UV emitter, and', 'receive the reflected UV energy from the first reflector; and, 'a first face arranged toa second face arranged to receive direct UV energy from a second UV emitter; anda photo-catalytic coating on the first and second faces of the target.. An apparatus for ionizing air, the apparatus comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/065,041 filed on Oct. 28, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/225,812 filed on Sep. 6, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,980 on Nov. 19, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/115,546 filed on May 25, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,585,979 on Nov. 19, 2016, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/380,462 filed on Sep. 7, 2010, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.[Not Applicable][Not Applicable]The present invention generally relates to methods and apparatuses for producing an enhanced ionized cloud of bactericidal molecules.Photo-catalytic cells may be employed to produce bactericidal molecules—such as cluster ions—in airflow passing through the ...

FLUIDIC MODULE PERMANENT STACK ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS

The present disclosure provides an assembled stack of fluidic modules comprising at least first and second fluidic modules assembled in a stacked configuration. The first fluidic module has first and second major planar surfaces and encloses a first fluidic passage extending therethrough from a first passage entrance to a first passage exit with the first passage exit located on the second major planar surface of the first fluidic module. The second fluidic module also has first and second major planar surfaces and encloses a second fluidic passage extending therethrough from a second passage entrance to a second passage exit, with the second passage entrance located on the first major planar surface of the second fluidic module. The second major planar surface of the first fluidic module and the first major planar surface of the second fluidic module are spaced apart and physically joined together by at least three separate glass or glass-ceramic pads fused therebetween, and the at least three pads include at least one pad having no through-hole and at least one pad having a through-hole, with the through-hole forming a sealed fluidic interconnection between the first fluidic passage and the second fluidic passage. A method of forming the assembled stack is also disclosed. 31024202220aabb. The stack () according to wherein the second major planar surface () of the first fluidic module () and the first major planar surface () of the second fluidic module () are formed of a third material having a third softening point claim 1 , and wherein the first softening point is less than the third softening point.410. The stack () according to wherein the third material is the same as the second material and the third softening point is the same as the second softening point.5102034362420203840222054242022205456563638aaabbbaabb. The stack () according to wherein the first fluidic module () encloses a third fluidic passage () fluidically connected to a third opening () located ...

OPEN MESH MEMBERS AND RELATED FILL PACKS

An open mesh member for insertion into a cooling tower utilizing polluted or clean water and counterflow or crossflow airflow includes a plurality of corrugations including upper support frames, lower support frames and a wall strand. The upper and lower support frames extend at a corrugation angle relative to a height axis. The corrugations have a plurality of openings through a thickness of the mesh member. A planar edge positioned at a first end of the mesh member. A beveled edge positioned at a second end of the mesh member. The beveled edge includes a first bevel extending distally from one of the upper support frames. The bevel includes first and second legs and a distal end. The first and second legs extend substantially parallel relative to the associated upper support frame. 1. An open mesh member for insertion into a cooling tower utilizing polluted or clean water and counterflow or crossflow airflow , the open mesh member comprising:a plurality of corrugations comprised of upper support frames, lower support frames and wall strands, the upper and lower support frames extending at a corrugation angle relative to a height axis, the plurality of corrugations having a plurality of openings through a thickness of the mesh member;a planar edge at a first end of the mesh member; anda beveled edge at a second end of the mesh member, the beveled edge including a generally planar plate having a distal end, the plate extending substantially parallel relative to and away from a first upper support frame of the upper support frames.2. The open mesh member of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of corrugations claim 1 , the planar edge and the beveled edge are constructed of a polymeric material.3. The open mesh member of claim 2 , wherein the polymeric material is a polypropylene material.4. The open mesh member of claim 1 , wherein the corrugation angle includes an upper corrugation angle and a lower corrugation angle claim 1 , the beveled edge including a first bevel ...

REFORMER TUBE HAVING A STRUCTURED CATALYST AND IMPROVED HEAT BALANCE

A reformer tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases, in which a structured stream reforming catalyst is used, is proposed. According to the invention, a heat exchanger tube is arranged in the interior of the structured catalyst, with the feed gas stream flowing firstly through the structured catalyst and subsequently in countercurrent through the heat exchanger tube. This improves the heat exchange between the synthesis gas product stream and the structured catalyst and the feed gas stream flowing through it, especially in the radial direction. 112-. (canceled)13. A reformer tube for converting a hydrocarbon-containing feed into a synthesis gas product containing carbon oxides and hydrogen under steam reforming conditions , the reformer tube comprising:(a) a reaction chamber comprising an outer, pressure-bearing casing tube, which is configured to receive heat from the outside, wherein the casing tube is demarcated at a first end from an adjacent outlet chamber by means of a separating plate and is closed at a second end by means of a closure device;(b) at least one structured packing disposed in the reaction chamber and containing a catalyst which is active for steam reforming;(c) an inlet for a feed gas stream comprising the hydrocarbon-containing feed arranged on the reaction chamber, where the inlet is disposed at an end of the reaction chamber closest to the separating plate and is in fluid communication with a gas inlet into the structured packing;(d) a heat exchanger tube disposed within the reaction chamber and within the structured packing and having a heat exchanger inlet end that is in fluid communication with a gas outlet from the structured packing, wherein the heat exchanger tube further comprises a heat exchanger outlet end that is in fluid communication with the outlet chamber, where the feed gas stream flows, after entry into the reaction chamber, firstly through the structured packing and subsequently ...

HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

A honeycomb structure includes plugged honeycomb segments, circumferential bonding layers, central bonding layers and a circumferential wall. An angle θ between a first direction of extension of at least one of the circumferential bonding layers and a second direction of extension of a line segment that connects a centroid of the honeycomb structure and an intersection point at which the circumferential bonding layer in the first direction intersects with the circumferential wall is 25 to 45°, and the outermost segment bonded by the circumferential bonding layer in the first direction exists on a parallel line to a direction of extension of the central bonding layer passing through the centroid. 1. A honeycomb structure comprising:a plurality of prismatic columnar honeycomb segments;bonding layers that bond side faces of the plurality of honeycomb segments with respect to each other; anda circumferential wall that is disposed to surround an outer circumference of a honeycomb segment bonded body obtained by bonding the honeycomb segments with the bonding layers in a state where the honeycomb segments are arrayed in a grid pattern, whereineach of the honeycomb segments includes porous partition walls disposed to surround a plurality of cells extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face in an axial direction and a segmented outer wall disposed to surround the partition walls,an end of each of the cells in each of the honeycomb segments is plugged by a plugging portion at any one of the inflow end face and the outflow end face,the bonding layers include circumferential bonding layers which bond outermost segments arranged on an outermost circumference of the honeycomb segment bonded body and central bonding layers which bond central segments other than the outermost segments,{'b': 1', '1', '2, 'in the inflow end face of the honeycomb segment bonded body, a direction of extension of at least one of the circumferential bonding layers is defined as a first ...

TOWER PACKING ELEMENT, TOWER PACKING, AND PACKING TOWER AND MIXER COMPRISING THE SAME

A tower packing element (), a tower packing (), a packing tower, and a mixer comprising the tower packing element () are provided. The tower packing element () are manufactured by a deformed plate and comprises a plurality of strip assemblies () arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element () and a connecting plate portion () connected between adjacent strip assemblies (). Each of the strip assemblies () defines a central passage () therein, and the central passage () is extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element (). The connecting plate portion () is extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element (). The adjacent strip assemblies () and the connecting plate portion () connected therebetween define a side passage () parallel to the central passage (). 1. A tower packing element manufactured by a deformed plate and comprising:a plurality of strip assemblies arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element, each of the strip assemblies defining a central passage therein, and the central passage being extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element, anda connecting plate portion connected between adjacent strip assemblies and extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element, whereinthe adjacent strip assemblies and the connecting plate portion connected therebetween define a side passage parallel to the central passage;each of the strip assemblies includes a plurality of strip units arranged along the lateral direction of the tower packing element;the strip unit includes: first and second edges positioned at opposite sides of the connecting plate portion in a thickness direction of the tower packing element respectively and distributed staggerly along the lateral direction of the tower packing element, wherein the first and second edges are parallel to each other;the strip unit further includes third and fourth edges disposed staggerly along the lateral ...

Tower packing element, tower packing, and packing tower and mixer comprising the same

A tower packing element ( 100 ), a tower packing ( 300 ), a packing tower, and a mixer comprising the tower packing element ( 100 ) are provided. The tower packing element ( 100 ) are manufactured by a deformed plate and comprises a plurality of strip assemblies ( 10 ) arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element ( 100 ) and a connecting plate portion ( 20 ) connected between adjacent strip assemblies ( 10 ). Each of the strip assemblies ( 10 ) defines a central passage ( 30 ) therein, and the central passage ( 30 ) is extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element ( 100 ). The connecting plate portion ( 20 ) is extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element ( 100 ). The adjacent strip assemblies ( 10 ) and the connecting plate portion ( 20 ) connected therebetween define a side passage ( 40 ) parallel to the central passage ( 30 ).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING VAPOR BYPASS IN A DISTILLATION COLUMN HAVING STRUCTURED PACKING

A structured packing arrangement for reducing vapor bypass in the gaps between the edges of structured packing elements or bricks and the packed distillation column wall is provided. The structured packing arrangement includes a high pressure drop shroud attached to portions of the perimeter of the structured packing elements and in the gap between the edge of the structured packing elements and the interior surface of the distillation column wall. The high pressure drop shroud urges the ascending vapor flowing at or near the edges of the structured packing elements to stay within the structured packing elements instead of escaping through the side of the structured packing toward the distillation column wall.

WIPER BAND ASSEMBLY FOR A PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMN

A wiper band assembly suitable for use in packed distillation columns used in an air separation unit is provided. The wiper band assembly includes specially designed metal or metal alloy wiper tabs that are longer and thinner than conventional wiper tabs. The longer and thinner wiper tabs preferably have a thickness between about 0.05 mm and 0.25 mm and a length greater than about 50.0 mm. The physical dimensions and characteristics of the wiper tabs are selected to avoid permanent deformation during the installation process and provides continuous engagement with the interior surface of the packed column wall when the wiper tabs are exposed to pressure differentials typically seen in such packed distillation columns.

VAPOR-LIQUID CONTACTING APPARATUS AND PROCESS WITH CROSS CONTACTING

A high capacity and high efficiency co-current and cross-flow vapor-liquid contacting apparatus and process is useful in distillation columns and other vapor-liquid contacting processes. The apparatus is characterized by an arrangement of contacting modules and perforated receiving pans in horizontal stages. The modules define a co-current contacting volume and in an exemplary configuration the modules include a liquid distributor and a demister. Liquid dispensed from the modules on a perforated receiving pan are contacted with upflowing vapor through perforations therein. 1. An apparatus for performing co-current and cross-flow vapor-liquid contacting , comprising:a plurality of stages each having at least one contacting module and at least one receiving pan;said contacting module comprising a liquid distributor having an outlet proximate to a contacting volume and a demister having an inlet surface proximate to the contacting volume and an outlet surface superior to said receiving pan; andsaid receiving pan having a perforated base, said receiving pan inferior to said outlet surface of the demister.2. The apparatus of further comprising at least one duct in fluid communication with the receiving pan and with an inferior liquid distributor.3. The apparatus of wherein the duct is separate from the liquid distributor and said duct having an upper end in fluid communication with the receiving pan claim 2 , and a lower end claim 2 , wherein the lower end of each duct is in fluid communication with a separate inferior liquid distributor.4. The apparatus of further comprising a contacting volume between the demister and the liquid distributor and the liquid distributor has an outlet in fluid communication with the contacting volume and the inlet surface of the demister is in fluid communication with the contacting volume.5. The apparatus of wherein vapor enters the receiving pan through perforations in the base and liquid exits the receiving pan though the duct.6. The ...

VAPOR-LIQUID CONTACTING APPARATUS AND PROCESS WITH OFFSET CONTACTING MODULES

A high capacity and high efficiency co-current and cross-flow vapor-liquid contacting apparatus and process is useful in distillation columns and other vapor-liquid contacting processes. The apparatus is characterized by an arrangement of offset contacting modules in horizontal stages. The modules define a co-current contacting volume and in an exemplary configuration the modules include a liquid distributor and a demister. Half modules comprise downcomers against the shell of the vessel for transporting liquid to the subjacent stage. 1. An apparatus for performing vapor-liquid contacting , comprising:a plurality of stages having a contacting module;said contacting module comprising a liquid distributor having an outlet proximate to a contacting volume and a demister having an inlet surface proximate to the contacting volume; andcontacting modules on adjacent stages being horizontally offset.2. The apparatus of further comprising a deck in each stage and said deck inferior to an outlet surface of said demister.3. The apparatus of further comprising a half module which shares a wall with the shell of the vessel.4. The apparatus of wherein said deck is perforated.5. The apparatus of further comprising a full contacting module comprising liquid distributor between two demisters.6. The apparatus of further comprising a receiving deck inferior to said demisters and a half module inferior to said receiving deck.7. The apparatus of further comprising a transport deck inferior to said half module and a contact module inferior to said transport deck.8. The apparatus of wherein said half module comprises a downcomer comprising an outlet in said downcomer proximate to a contacting volume claim 7 , a demister having an inlet surface proximate to the contacting volume and an outlet surface superior to said transport deck.9. The apparatus of wherein said contacting modules in every other stage are vertically aligned.10. The apparatus of further comprising a weir adjacent to the ...

VAPOR-LIQUID CONTACTING APPARATUS AND PROCESS WITH DOWNCOMER AT SHELL

A high capacity and high efficiency vapor-liquid contacting apparatus and process is useful in distillation columns and other vapor-liquid contacting processes. The apparatus is characterized by a half module comprising a downcomer against a shell of a vessel for transporting liquid to a subjacent stage which utilizes a demister to effect vapor-liquid separation at the downcomer outlet. 1. An apparatus for performing vapor-liquid contacting , comprising:a vessel comprising a shell;a first contact module comprising a downcomer, said downcomer is adjacent to a shell of the vessel and comprises an outlet proximate to a contacting volume; anda demister having an inlet surface proximate to the contacting volume.2. The apparatus of further comprising a transport deck inferior to an outlet of said demister.3. The apparatus of wherein said downcomer shares a wall with the shell.4. The apparatus of wherein a wall of said downcomer has an edge that is in contact with said shell.5. The apparatus of wherein said wall is curved.6. The apparatus of wherein said wall is sloped.7. The apparatus of wherein said deck is perforated.8. The apparatus of wherein said downcomer is between said shell and said demister.9. The apparatus of wherein said downcomer is inferior to a receiving deck.10. The apparatus of wherein said receiving deck is perforated.11. The apparatus of wherein said receiving deck is imperforate adjacent said downcomer.12. The apparatus of further comprising a weir adjacent to the downcomer extending above a base of the receiving deck for holding up liquid on the receiving deck.13. The apparatus of further comprising a full contact module inferior to said transport deck claim 1 , said contact module comprising a liquid distributor between two demisters.14. The apparatus of wherein said first contact module and said full contact module are offset from each other.15. The apparatus of further comprising at least one of:a processor;a memory storing computer-executable ...

EFFICIENT MASS-TRANSFER SEPARATION BULK FILLER STRUCTURE

The present invention discloses an efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure, which includes a bulk filler body with closely-fit multilayer structures, wherein an annular wall surface of the bulk, filler body has a corrugated angle group. A lower portion of the bulk filler body is of a bell-mouth shape. Three passages with a same sectional area are formed inside the bulk filler body. The present invention has the characteristics of small pressure drop, large specific surface area, low liquid holdup and large void ratio. The annular wall surface is provided with the corrugated angle group to increase the disturbance and reduce a double-membrane thickness of vapor and liquid phase mass-transfer resistance, thereby improving the mass-transfer coefficient and separation efficiency. Meanwhile, by adopting the bell-mouth shape, the stability and natural stacking regularity of the bulk filler can be improved. 1. An efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure , comprising a bulk filler body with closely-fit multilayer structures , whereinan annular wall surface of the bulk filler body has a corrugated angle group;a lower portion of the bulk filler body is of a bell-mouth shape;three passages with a same sectional area are formed inside the bulk filler body.2. The efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure according to claim 1 , wherein the bulk filler body is formed by coiling a silk screen or a sheet.3. The efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure according to claim 2 , wherein a thickness of the sheet is less than or equal to 5 mm.4. The efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure according to claim 2 , wherein a diameter of a wire of the silk screen is less than or equal to 3 mm claim 2 , and an intersected angle formed among the wires of the silk screen is 45°-90°.5. The efficient mass-transfer separation bulk filler structure according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugated angle group comprises a ...