КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОЙ СМЕСИ C1-C4 В ОЛЕФИНЫ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализатору дегидрирования углеводородной смеси С1-С4 в олефины, содержащий соединение молибдена и носитель. Катализатор характеризуется тем, что в качестве соединения молибдена он содержит наноструктурированное покрытие оксикарбида молибдена толщиной 5-50 нм, а в качестве носителя он содержит многостенные углеродные нанотрубки, средний внешний диаметр которых составляет 70 нм, длиной от 1 до 500 мкм, удельной поверхностью 38±2,2 м2/г и насыпной плотностью 0,1-0,2 г⋅см-3. Также изобретение относится к способу получения катализатора. Техническим результатом от использования изобретения является одностадийный процесс получения катализатора, повышение экологичности процесса, повышение суммарного выхода олефинов, таких как этилен и пропилен, отсутствие коксообразования. 2 н. и 1 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил., 1 табл., 8 пр.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБНАЯ СНИЖАТЬ ВЫБРОСЫ CO И NOX, ЕЕ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ И СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА В ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННОМ СЛОЕ

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallcarbiden mit erhöhter spezifischer Oberfläche aus aktivierten Kohleschaumstoffen

Selective platinum/carbon carrier catalysts

The catalyst is specifically selective when hydrogenating mixtures of olefins, when linear olefins are hydrogenated, but not branched ones. The catalyst is prepd. by suspending a reducible metal cpd. (of Pt, Fe, Pd, etc.) in a polymerisable monomer, suitable also for carbonising (pref. furfuryl-(2)-alcohol), reducing the cpd. to the colloidal metal with formaldehyde, polymerising the monomer by warming in presence of H3PO4 and finally curing the polymer above 110 degrees C, all this under N2. The cured polymer is carbonised at 640 degrees C for 4 hrs. under N2. Active particles on the surface are poisoned to maintain the selectivity. Alternatively the catalyst may be coated with the above mentioned polymer, which is the carbonised as shown. The same treatment may be applied to a metal/carrier catalyst, the carrier being any other suitable substance. The catalyst is very resistance to poisoning.

Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst die Schritte: Einleiten eines Eduktgases, welches C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst, in einen Reaktor; Kontaktieren des Eduktgases mit einem Katalysator, wobei ein Produktgas erhalten wird, welches aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, Wasserstoff und nicht umgesetzte C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst; Abtrennen der aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe von dem Produktgas, wobei ein Abgas erhalten wird, welches Wasserstoff und nicht umgesetzte C1- bis C4-Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst. Das Kontaktieren des Eduktgases mit einem Katalysator geschieht in einem Reaktor, welcher zumindest teilweise elektrisch beheizt wird und zumindest ein Teil des Abgases wird vorzugsweise in einer Verbrennungsmaschine eines Generators unter Erzeugung elektrischer Energie verbrannt. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin einen Reaktor zur Herstellung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und ein System zur gekoppelten Herstellung von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen durch Metathese an einem Carbid oder Oxicarbid eines Nebengruppenmetalls

Verfahren zur Herstellung von einer Verbindung mit einer nicht-aromatischen C-C-Doppel- oder -Dreifachbindung (Verbindung A) aus einer anderen Verbindung oder einer Mischung anderer Verbindungen mit einer nicht-aromatischen C-C-Doppel- oder -Dreifachbindung (Verbindung B), wobei man die Verbindung (B) bei einer Temperatur von 50 bis 500 DEG C mit einem heterogenen Katalysator, umfassend Carbide oder Oxycarbide eines Nebengruppenelements, in Kontakt bringt.

Process for producing aromatic compound

Disclosed is a process for producing an aromatic compound by a catalytic reaction using a lower hydro-carbon as a starting material, which process can improve the yield of hydrogen and an aromatic compound and can maintain stable catalytic activity. Molybdenum or a molybdenum compound is supported on a metallosilicate, followed by carbonization treatment to obtain a lower hydrocarbon aromatization catalyst. The catalyst is brought into contact with a reaction gas containing a lower hydrocarbon to produce an aromatic compound. In this case, the temperature is raised to a catalytic reaction temperature while allowing an non-oxidative gas (except for a hydrocarbon gas) to flow into the reaction system. When the temperature reaches the catalytic reaction temperature, the reaction gas is allowed to flow into the reaction system to bring the reaction gas into contact with the catalyst to obtain aromatic compounds such as benzene or naphthalene.

Improved method of oxidising fluid material and improvements in manufacture of catalysts therefor

The catalytic effectiveness of a porous carbon char catalyst is improved by heating at 925 DEG -1000 DEG C., preferably 945 DEG -975 DEG C., under substantially non-oxidising conditions, for 5-25 hours, preferably 10-18 hours. The materials treated include charcoal formed from sulphite liquor residues, from wood, or from lignite, activated hardwood and coconut charcoals, and hardwood sawdust heated with zinc chloride. A preliminary partial oxidation of the charcoal may be effected with nitric acid, chromic acid, or ferric sulphate, or by heating in air, e.g., at 200 DEG -450 DEG C. to a weight loss of 10-35 per cent. The catalyst is used for the oxidation of fluid materials with oxygen: oxygen or air may be bubbled through the carbon suspended in a liquid to be oxidised, diffused through a mass of the carbon into the liquid, or passed cocurrent with the liquid down a tower packed with the carbon. The latter method is used for the oxidation of acidified ferrous sulphate solution to the ferric ...

Improvements in the splitting and destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous substances

A catalyst or carrier for a catalyst suitable for use in the destructive hydrogenation, cracking, dehydrogenation, refining, hydrofining, or aromatizing hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials is produced by subjecting to distillation, until a coky residue is formed, products free from ash and other insoluble or infusible constituents obtained by extracting solid carbonaceous materials with solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures. The coky residue may be activated by treatment with steam at 800--900 DEG C., or with acid, or by impregnation with zinc chloride or phosphoric acid which also may be added to the extract prior to distillation. The carrier may be impregnated with catalysts, e.g. by spraying or mixing it with oxides, sulphides, carbonates, formates, acetates, or oxalates of molybdenum, tungsten chromium, vanadium, zinc, tin, lead iron, cobalt, or nickel. The activity of the catalyst obtained may be improved by treatment with gases, e.g. hydrogen hydrogen sulphide, carbon ...

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A SYNTHESIS GAS TO HYDROCARBONS

Catalytic process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons

Manufacture of thioethers in gas phase.

Catalytic process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons

Catalytic process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons

MATERIAL FROM TUNGSTEN CARBIDE, CATALYST AND PROCEDURE FOR THE HYDROGENATION OF NITRO OR NITROSOAROMATI DERIVATIVES BY USE OF THIS CATALYST

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PEROXYACETALEN AND PEROXYKETALEN

Procedure for the production of 2-Chlorbuten (2)

Procedure for the production of Peroxyacetalen and Peroxyketalen

Transition metal-carbide and nitride containing catalysts , their preparation and use as oxidation and dehydrogenation catalysts

Improved method for activating an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst

Transition metal-containing catalysts and catalyst combinations including transition metal-containing catalysts and processes for their preparation and use as oxidation catalysts

Transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides and their oxygen containing analogs useful as water gas shift catalysts

IRON ON TITANIA CATALYST AND ITS USE FOR HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACICULAR PARTICLES CONTAINING AN IRON CARBIDE

HETEROGENEOUS ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

The present invention relates to a heterogeneous anionic polymerization process, catalyzed by a metallic insertion graphitic compound. According to the invention, the alkaline metal chosen for the insertion compound is lithium, and the insertion compounds are of binary or ternary type ; in the latter case, the insertion compound may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon also inserted within the graphitic structure. The invention relates in particular to the homopolymerization of butadlene or isoprene, and to the copolymerization of isoprene-styrene.

PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY ALKYL PRIMARY AMINES

CATALYSIS

MODIFIED CARBIDE AND OXYCARBIDE CONTAINING CATALYSTS

Compositions including modified carbide-containing nanorods and/or modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbide containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing modified carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

A STRUCTURED MONOLITHIC CATALYST FOR REDUCING NOX EMISSION IN FLUE GAS, THE PREPARATION METHOD AND THE USE THEREOF

A catalyst having a monolithic structure for reducing emission of NOx in a flue gas of an incomplete regeneration catalytic cracking device, and a use method therefor. The catalyst comprises: a vector having a monolithic structure and an active component coating; the active component coating contains active metal components and a substrate; the active metal components comprise first, second, third, and fourth metal elements; the first metal element comprises Fe and Co, and counting as oxides, the weight ratio of Fe to Co is about 1:(0.05-20); the second metal element is selected from metal elements of Groups IA and/or IIA; the third metal element is selected from non-noble metal elements of Groups IB-VIIB; and the fourth metal element is selected from noble metal elements. The catalyst is high in catalytic conversion activity for a reduced nitride and simple in preparation method, is applied to a catalytic cracking process, and can effectively reduce emission of NOx in an incompletely regenerated ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE AND TRIFLUOROACETYL IODIDE

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25 °C to about 400 °C to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200 °C to about 600 °C to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL NITRIDES AND METAL CARBIDES

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300°C for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE CATALYSTS, THEIR PREPARATION AND APPLICATION IN SYNTHESIS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL FROM CELLULOSE

A tungsten carbide catalyst comprises WC as its main active component, one or more transition metals with a small amount selected form the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Cu as the second metal component, the main and second component are both carried on the support or composite support selected from the group consisting of active carbon, Al2O3, SiO2, SiC, TiO2, ZrO2 or its mixture. The catalyst can be used in catalytically converting cellulose to ethylene glycol under the hydrothermal conditions comprising the temperature of 120-300°C and the hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa with high selectivi-ty and yield. As compared with the process using ethylene as raw materials, the process using renewable resources as raw materi-als is friendly to the environment and economical.

METAL OXIDES CATALYTIC PREPARATIONS OBTAINED THROUGH REDUCTION AND PARTIAL CARBURIZING OF REACTION GASES

Procédé de préparation de l'aminoacétal.

Procédé de préparation de l'aminoacétal.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Peroxyacetalen und Peroxyketalen

Procédé de fabrication de carbures métalliques à grain fin de dimensions submicroniques

Verfahren zum Behandeln von Abwässern

Verfahren zur Herstellung von e-Caprolactam

Procédé de préparation d'un article conformé contenant du carbone

Verfahren zur Herstellung von e-Caprolactam

Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Methylpenten-1

Adsorbent material - consisting of aluminium oxide hydrate particles with active carbon coating

Particles of active aluminium oxide hydrate are contacted with a molten carbon-contg. material, or a soln. and then heated to decompose the material without dehydrating the aluminium oxide hydrate, whereby a layer of active carbon is formed on the surface of the particles and the walls of fine pores contained in it. The resulting material is suitable for treatment of galvanoplastic baths, decolourisation of sugar solns., removal of undesired components from cigarette smoke, purification of petrol, chromatographic separation, purification of pharmaceuticals, use as catalyst or a catalyst carrier ect.

METHOD FOR STEAM REFORMING OXYGENATES AND CATALYSTS FOR USE IN THE ABOVE METHOD

Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst

An iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising magnetite and characterized by integrable X-ray diffraction reflections corresponding to (311), (511), (440), and (400), such that the relative intensity of the (400) reflection to the (300) reflection is less than about 39%. A method of preparing an activated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by providing a precipitated catalyst comprising oxides including at least iron oxide; and activating the precipitated catalyst to provide the activated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, wherein activating the precipitated catalyst comprises exposing the precipitated catalyst to an activation gas and increasing the temperature from a first temperature to a second temperature at a ramp rate, whereby the ratio of the intensity of the (400) reflection of the activated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to the intensity of the (311) reflection thereof is less than 38%.

Preparation method of heterogeneous Fenton catalyst Fe3C/C composite material

Process for the preparation of 4-methyl-1-pentene

Catalysts containing cobalt on activated carbon support and proceeded of preparation of olefin oligomers employing such catalysts

PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY ALKYL PRIMARY AMINES FROM SULPHUR BEARING PARAFFINS

Sophisticated process of manufacture of the 4-méthylpentène-1

Manufactoring process of hydrocarbons and products obtained

A tungsten carbide non-stoichiometric film

La présente invention a pour objet un composé utile pour les réactions d'hydrogénation à base de tungstène et de carbone. Ce composé se définit en ce qu'il présente un rapport atomique entre carbone et tungstène compris entre 0,5 et 2, et par le fait qu'il diffère d'au moins de 1 % de la valeur 1. Application à la synthèse organique.

Catalysing carbon for electrodes - in electrochemical fuel cells for oxygen reduction

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR the CONVERSION Of a GAS OF SYNTHESIS INTO HYDROCARBONS

Procédé catalytique de conversion au moins partielle d'un mélange gazeux contenant du CO et du H2 en mélange d'hydrocarbures, comportant une étape de mise en contact dudit mélange gazeux avec un catalyseur solide, ledit catalyseur solide comportant - un support poreux comportant un matériau composite comportant du SiC et un carbure de titane (composite appelé « SiC/TiC ») et/ou un oxyde de titane (composite appelé « SiC/TiO2 »), et - une phase active. Le support peut être préparé sous la forme de grains, billes, ou extrudés, ou sous la forme de cylindres ou plaques de mousse alvéolaire. Sa teneur molaire en titane par rapport à la somme molaire Si + Ti est avantageusement comprise entre 0,5% et 15%.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CATALYSTS FOR DIMERIZATION PROPYLENE

AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

DEHYDROGENATION OF ALCOHOLS TO KETONES

PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY ALKYL PRIMARY AMINES

New catalyst of halogenation

Production of heavy metal carbides of high specific surface

(메트)아크릴산의 제조 방법

... 탄화물의 생성을 억제할 수 있고, (메트)아크릴산의 수율을 향상시킬 수 있는 (메트)아크릴산의 제조 방법을 제공한다. 충전재를 포함하는 충전재층과, 적어도 몰리브데넘 및 바나듐을 포함하는 촉매를 포함하는 촉매층을 구비하는 고정상 반응기를 이용하여, (메트)아크롤레인을 분자상 산소에 의해 기상 접촉 산화시켜 (메트)아크릴산을 제조하는 방법으로서, 상기 충전재가, 상기 기상 접촉 산화의 반응에 적어도 한번 사용된 사용필 충전재를 포함하고, 상기 충전재층 중에는 상기 촉매가, 해당 충전재 전량에 대하여 0.001∼0.15질량% 존재하고 있는 (메트)아크릴산의 제조 방법.

IMPROVED CATALYST AND USES THEREOF

Methods for production of carbon and hydrogen from natural gas and other hydrocarbons

A method for producing elemental carbon and hydrogen gas directly from natural gas (for example, methane) using a chemical reaction or series of reactions. In an aspect, other materials involved such as, for example, elemental magnesium, remain unchanged and function as a catalyst.

HIGH ACTIVITY EARLY TRANSITION METAL CARBIDE- AND NITRIDE-BASED CATALYSTS

A catalyst composition contains an active metal on a support including a high surface area substrate and an interstitial compound, for example molybdenum carbide. Pt-Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts are described. The catalyst systems and compositions are useful for carrying out reactions generally related to the water gas shift reaction (WGS) and to the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) process.

AMPLIFICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES VIA SEEDED-GROWTH METHODS

The present invention is directed towards methods (processes) of providing large quantities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of defined diameter and chirality (i.e., precise populations). In such processes, CNT seeds of a pre-selected diameter and chirality are grown to many (e.g., hundreds) times their original length. This is optionally followed by cycling some of the newly grown material back as seed material for regrowth. Thus, the present invention provides for the large-scale production of precise populations of CNTs, the precise composition of such populations capable of being optimized for a particular application (e.g., hydrogen storage). The present invention is also directed to complexes of CNTs and transition metal catalyst precurors, such complexes typically being formed en route to forming CNT seeds.

OPEN THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE WITH HIGH MECHANICAL RESISTANCE

The invention relates to a method for making an open three-dimensional structure made of an inorganic material, in particular carbide, said method comprising: (a) providing a preform made of woven fibres that includes two substantially parallel planes each defining meshes, and each pair formed by two adjacent planes being coupled together by connecting yarns or fibres preferably made of the same material as the woven cellular planes; (b) depositing on the preform a precursor of an inorganic or carbon material by a liquid or gaseous process; (c) carrying out a heat treatment for converting said inorganic or carbon material precursor into a part respectively made of an inorganic or carbon material.

A METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING TUNGSTEN CARBIDE NANORODS AND CATALYSTS FORMED THEREWITH

A method of synthesizing tungsten carbide nanorods, the method comprising: mixing tungsten oxide (W03) nanorods with a carbon source to obtain precursors; and calcining the precursors to obtain tungsten carbide nanorods, without use of any catalyst. A catalyst of metal nanostructures supported on tungsten carbide nanorods.

PRODUCTION OF AMINES

Metal carbides, process for making the same and catalytic end-use

Transition metal carbides, having high surface areas and catalytic activity for use in pollution control, isomerization and hydrodesulfurization procedures, can be formed by the calcination of a mixture of an acyclic compound containing carbon-nitrogen-hydrogen bonding and a metal salt. The acyclic compound is preferably a compound of guanidine or a derivative thereof such as a deammoniated derivative of guanidine. The metal salt is preferably a metal halide such as a metal chloride.

Iron-based catalyst and method for preparing the same and use thereof

The present invention relates to a method for preparing liquid or solid hydrocarbons from syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of iron-based catalysts, the iron-based catalysts for the use thereof, and a method for preparing the iron-based catalysts; more specifically, in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, liquid or solid hydrocarbons may be prepared specifically with superior productivity and selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons using the iron-based catalysts comprising iron hydroxide, iron oxide, and iron carbide wherein the number of iron atoms contained in the iron hydroxide is 30% or higher, and the number of iron atoms contained in the iron carbide is 50% or lower, relative to 100% of the number of iron atoms contained in the iron-based catalysts.

Method of using carbide and/or oxycarbide containing compositions

Compositions including carbide-containing nanorods and/or oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbide containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Transition Metal-Containing Catalysts and Processes for Their Preparation and Use As Oxidation and Dehydrogenation Catalysts

This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having formed thereon compositions which comprise a transition metal in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon. The invention further relates to the fields of catalytic oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines and the preparation of carboxylic acids by the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols.

METHODS OF MITIGATING CATALYST DEACTIVATION

A catalyst structure is disclosed. The catalyst structure comprises a catalytic material and a metal material on the catalytic material, where the metal material comprises particle sizes in a range from about 1.5 nanometers to about 3 nanometers. An interface between the metal material and the catalytic material comprises bonds between the metal material and the catalytic material. A method of mitigating catalyst deactivation is also disclosed, as is a method of carbon monoxide disproportionation.

Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and method of purifying exhaust gas

A catalyst comprising an iridium supported on at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of metal carbides and metal nitrides for eliminating nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas in the presence of oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric quantity of oxidizing components for reducing components. The catalyst is effective for eliminating NOx in exhaust gas from lean burn engines such as lean burn gasoline engines and diesel engines containing excess O2 corresponding to an A/F ratio of 17 or over.

METHOD FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for reducing carbon dioxide. SOLUTION: The method for reducing carbon dioxide comprises: a step for preparing a carbon dioxide reducing device including an electrolyte solution, a vessel housing the electrolyte solution, a first electrode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution and containing a carbide of at least one element selected from group V elements (vanadium, niobium and tantalum), a second electrode disposed in contact with the electrolyte solution and electrically connected to the first electrode and a solid electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes and separating the inner part of the vessel into a first electrode side region and a second electrode side region; and a step in which carbon dioxide is introduced into the electrolyte solution and the thus-introduced carbon dioxide is reduced by applying a negative and positive voltages to the first and second electrodes. The second electrode may contain platinum ...

PREPARATION OF METAL CARBIDE HAVING LARGE SPECIFIC SURFACE FROM ACTIVATED CARBON FOAM

PURPOSE: To provide a carbide of heavy metal or silicon having a large specific surface to be used as a catalyst or catalyst carrier. CONSTITUTION: Concerning the carbide foam of heavy metals or silicon having a large open macroporosity giving easy access to the reaction gases while being used especially as the catalyst or catalyst carrier, the carbide foam is characterized in that its macroporosity is in the form of a three-dimensional network of interconnected cages mutually communicated while having the length of its terminal between 50 and 500 μm, in that its density is between 0.03 and 0.1 g/cm3, in that its BET surface is between 20 and 100 m2/g, in that the carbide form contains no more than 0.1 wt.% residual metal, and in that the size of carbide crystallites is between 40 and 400 Angstroms. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO ...

Катализатор и способ получения ацетальдегида с его использованием

Изобретение относится к области гетерогенного катализа, а именно к катализатору и способу получения ацетальдегида в ходе газофазного неокислительного дегидрирования этанола, и может быть использовано на предприятиях химической и фармацевтической промышленности для получения ацетальдегида. Описан катализатор для получения ацетальдегида в ходе процесса неокислительного дегидрирования этанола, который представляет собой смешанный металл оксидный катализатор, содержащий оксиды цинка, меди и алюминия, при этом он дополнительно содержит карбид вольфрама (WC) и имеет состав ( мас.%): ZnO 22,8; CuO 58,9; Al2O3 9,2; WC 9,1 и повышенную удельную поверхность 245 м2/г. Предлагаемый способ получения ацетальдегида с использованием предлагаемого катализатора заключается в пропускании не разбавленного инертным газом этанола через слой катализатора при температуре 150-250°C и массовой скорости подачи этанола 0,5-2 ч-1. Технический результат заключается в получении высокоэффективного селективного катализатора ...

НАНЕСЕННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ИЗ ε/ε’ КАРБИДА ЖЕЛЕЗА ДЛЯ РЕАКЦИИ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Изобретение относится к технической области катализаторов реакции синтеза Фишера-Тропша, и в нем предложен нанесенный катализатор на основе ε/ε' карбида железа для реакции синтеза Фишера-Тропша, способ его приготовления и способ синтеза Фишера-Тропша, где способ приготовления включает следующие стадии: (1) погружение носителя катализатора в водный раствор соли трехвалентного железа, сушку и обжиг носителя, подвергнутого погружению, для получения предшественника катализатора; (2) использование предшественника катализатора и H2для восстановления предшественника при температуре 300-550°С; (3) предварительная обработка материала, полученного на стадии (2), с использованием H2и СО при температуре 90-185°С, где молярное отношение H2/СО составляет 1,2-2,8:1; (4) приготовление карбида с использованием материала, полученного на стадии (3), H2и СО при температуре 200-300°С, где молярное отношение H2/СО составляет 1,0-3,2:1. Технический результат - возможность приготовления катализатора со 100% чистой ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ФУРФУРОЛА И ФУРФУРИЛОВОГО СПИРТА ДО 2-МЕТИЛФУРАНА

Изобретение относится к области разработки катализаторов селективного гидрирования фурфурола и/или фурфурилового спирта для получения 2-метилфурана. Описан катализатор селективного гидрирования фурфурола и/или фурфурилового спирта, содержащий 15 мас. % активного компонента, представляющего собой молибден в карбидной форме, модифицированный металлическим никелем с мольным соотношением Ni/Mo от 0,1 до 0,5; и 85 мас. % носитель - углеродный носитель типа Сибунит. Технический результат заключается в повышении активности и селективности, стабильности катализатора и обеспечении получения 2-метилфурана с выходом свыше 90% при селективном гидрировании фурфурола/фурфурилового спирта. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 3 табл., 7 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УКАЗАННОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ УКАЗАННОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА В СПОСОБЕ И УСТРОЙСТВЕ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОЛЕФИНОВ

... 1. Катализатор, характеризующийся тем, что он содержит:a) по меньшей мере одно металлическое соединение, выбранное из группы, состоящей из карбида, нитрида, силицида, фосфида и сульфида металла или их смесей, при этом металл выбран из группы, состоящей из молибдена, вольфрама, тантала, ванадия, титана, ниобия, лантана и хрома, иb) 5-40% (масс./масс.) связующего, не являющегося кислотой Бренстеда, выбранного из группы, состоящей из AlPO, бентонита, AIN и NSi.2. Катализатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что компонент а) представляет собой по меньшей мере одно металлическое соединение из группы, состоящей из MoC, MoN, MoP, MoSi, MoS, WC, WN, WP, WSi, WS, TiC, TiN, TiP, TiSi, TiS, TaC, TaN, TaP, TaSi, TaSi, TaS, VC, VN, VP, VSi, VS, LaC, LaN, LaP, LaSi, LaS, NbC, NbN, NbP, NbSi и NbS, где 0,1 Подробнее

Tungsten carbide for fuel cells

This is prepared by carburising tungsten or tungsten oxide with carbon monoxide at elevated temperature. The carbon monoxide may be mixed with carbon dioxide preferably 0.1-60%. Suitable temperatures are between 600 and 1500 degrees C. Tungsten carbide electrodes are suitable for use in fuel cells with acid electrolytes, particularly for the oxidation of hydrogen or carbon monoxide.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoff aus Chloraethanen

Feine Eisenkarbidteilchen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.

Verfahren zur Kohlenoxydhydrierung mittels Eisenkatalysatoren unter Vorbehandlung der Katalysatoren

Process for the oxychlorination of hydrocarbons

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are made by oxychlorination which comprises reacting a hydrocarbon especially ethylene with hydrogen chloride and oxygen, preferably air, in the presence of a catalyst bed, at particularly 250-400 DEG C. comprising a supported Deacon type catalyst especially copper chloride on activated alumina, diluted with graphite, especially amounting to 95% to 70% by volume. The invention also comprises reacting in the gaseous phase a hydrocarbon and a mixture of hydrogen chloride and oxygen in the presence of bed of oxychlorination Deacon type catalyst and a carrier therefor, in which the bed contains at least 50% by volume of carbon grains as diluent or carrier, said carbon having a specific surface area not exceeding 100 m2/g., and especially graphite and/or coke. The invention is described with reference to examples which also include comparative data, wherein ethylene is converted to substantially 1,2-dichloroethane over a copper chloride on activated alumina diluted with ...

Supported ##' iron carbide catalyst for use in fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction, preparation method for catalyst, and method for fischer-tropsch synthesis

A supported ε/ε' iron carbide catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, a preparation method for the catalyst, and a method for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The preparation method comprises: (1) a catalyst support is impregnated in an aqueous solution of an iron salt, the impregnated support is dried and roasted to produce a catalyst precursor; (2) a catalyst reduction of the catalyst precursor is performed with H2 at a temperature of 300-550 °C; (3) a pretreatment of the material produced in step (2) is performed with H2 and CO at a temperature of 90-185 °C, the molar ratio of H2 to CO being 1.2-2.8 : 1; and (4) a carbide preparation of the material produced in step (3) is performed with H2 and CO at a temperature of 200-300 °C, the molar ratio of H2 to CO being 1.0-3.2 : 1. The preparation method produces a catalyst of which the active phase is 100% pure-phase ε/ε' iron carbide; the catalyst is provided with reduced CO2 and CH4 selectivity and increased effective product ...

Process for the manufacture of 2-chlorobutene-(2)

... 2-Chlorobutene-(2) is prepared by the dehydrochlorination of 2,2-dichlorobutane in the presence of a catalyst consisting of one or more of the metals Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd and Cu and/or their chlorides and/or oxides and optionally a carrier, and the resulting 2-chlorobutene-(2) is purified by scrubbing with water and/or distillation. The dehydrochlorination is preferably effected at 50 DEG to 400 DEG C. optionally in the presence of an inert gas. Specified catalyst carriers are kaolin, kieselguhr, glass powder, porcelain, asbestos, pumice and active carbon.

Supported tungsten carbide material

A supported tungsten carbide material is provided. The material has a unique structure as defined by its x-ray diffraction pattern and consists of extremely small crystallites on the order of about 15 t about 30 angstroms in size. The tungsten carbide material is supported on a high-surface-area support to allow for a greater number of active sites for catalysis. The support consists preferably of a high-surface-area carbon.

AMORPHOUS SILICA BASED CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION

CARBON-COATED ALUMINA

... 1,204,353. Adsorbents. J. MILLER (Chem Seak Inc.) 30 Nov., 1967, No. 54563/67. Headings B1L and B1X. [Also in Divisions C1, C5 and C6] A composition comprising activated alumina hydrate particles impregnated with 2-15 wt % activated carbon is used as an adsorbent in the following processes: Exs. 5-7: removing contaminants from Rh, Au, and Ni plating baths. Ex. 8: dicolorising a solution of charred sucrose. Ex. 9: removing O-nitroaniline from benzene. Ex. 10: removing n-butyl mercaptan from 2, 2; 4-trimethyl pentane. Ex. 11: adsorbing kale pigments from solution in ethyl acetate, which remained adsorbed on elution with acetonitrile. Ex. 12: removing undesired constituents from cigarette smoke. Ex. 13: adsorbing sudan and Azure dyes: The composition may also be used as a catalyst, in which case it may contain additionally a metal or compound.

Improvements in or relating to methods of oxidising substances

In a method of oxidizing substances in the liquid phase with atmospheric oxygen in the presence or absence of additional catalytic agents, the air used for effecting the oxidation is conducted over activated carbon a short distance before coming into contact with the substance to be oxidized. Air is passed through a filter containing activated carbon and then through the substance to be oxidized in a column, the carbon not being in contact with the substance. In examples, invert sugar in a solution of caustic soda is oxidized to form salts of polyoxy-carboxylic acids, molten paraffin wax is oxidized to acids with and without potassium permanganate being present, and ferrous sulphate in caustic soda solution is oxidized to ferric sulphate.ALSO:In a method of oxidizing substances in the liquid phase with atmospheric oxygen in the presence or absence of additional catalytic agents, the air used for effecting the oxidation is conducted over activated carbon a short distance before coming into ...

Composite catalyst for hydrogen production from KBH4 and preparation method thereof

A composite catalyst for the production of hydrogen from KBH4 comprising a Ti3C2Tx/rGO carrier, a carbon nanotube (CNT) and a nitrogen doped cobalt compound. A method for preparing the Co-N/CNT/Ti3C2Tx/rGO catalyst comprising: dissolving Ti3C2Tx and graphene oxide (GO) in deionized water, conducting an ultrasonic treatment under an argon atmosphere for two hours, centrifugation and freeze-drying; heating the treated Ti3C2Tx and GO powders to 200°C at 2°C/min under a hydrogen-argon mixture atmosphere for 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a Ti3C2Tx/rGO carrier; dissolving the Ti3C2Tx/rGO carrier in methanol, and conducting an ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 hours under an argon atmosphere to obtain a Ti3C2Tx/rGO suspension; dissolving a Co-N compound in methanol, stirring for 1 hour to obtain a Co- N compound solution; dissolving 2-methylimidazole in methanol, adding CNT, and completely dispersing by stirring to obtain a 2-methylimidazole solution; adding the Co-N compound ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE

Procedure for the production of 4-Methylpenten-1

LAGER MIT EINER OBERFLÄCHE GEBILDET DURCH UMSETZEN VON METALLKARBID ZU KOHLENSTOFF AUF DER OBERFLÄCHE DES METALLKARBIDS DURCH ÄTZEN MIT HALOGENEN

Process for producing fuel cell catalyst, fuel cell catalyst obtained by production process, and uses thereof

It is an object of the present invention to provide a production process which can produce a fuel cell catalyst having excellent durability and high oxygen reducing activity. The process for producing a fuel cell catalyst including a metal-containing oxycarbonitride of the present invention includes a grinding step for grinding the oxycarbonitride using a ball mill, wherein the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is represented by a specific compositional formula; balls in the ball mill have a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm; the grinding time using the ball mill is 1 to 45 minutes; the rotating centrifugal acceleration in grinding using the ball mill is 2 to 20 G; the grinding using the ball mill is carried out in such a state that the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is mixed with a solvent containing no oxygen atom in the molecule; and when the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, the orbital centrifugal acceleration mill is 5 to 50 G.

Production of lower olefins from synthesis gas

Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an α-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the α-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

In situ radio frequency catalytic upgrading

The present invention relates to a method and system for enhancing in situ upgrading of hydrocarbon by implementing an array of radio frequency antennas that can uniformly heat the hydrocarbons within a producer well pipe, so that the optimal temperatures for different hydroprocessing reactions can be achieved.

Pre-carburized molybdenum-modified zeolite catalyst and use thereof for the aromatization of lower alkanes

The present invention relates to a method for producing a zeolite catalyst useful for aromatization of a lower alkane, a zeolite catalyst useful for aromatization of a lower alkane obtainable by said method and a process for aromatization of a lower alkane using the zeolite catalyst of the present invention.

PHOTOCATALYST COMPOSITION OF MATTER

There is described a photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material. A surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O, and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound. The photocatalyst composition of matter can be used to treat an aqueous fluid containing a target chemical compound, for example, by a process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the aqueous fluid with the above-mentioned photocatalyst composition of matter; (ii) contacting the aqueous fluid with radiation during Step (i); (iii) catalyzing the conversion of water in the aqueous fluid to Hand Owith the first catalytic material; and (iv) catalyzing reaction of the target chemical compound in the aqueous fluid with hydrogen from Step (iii) in the presence of the second catalytic material to produce a modified chemical compound. 1. A photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material , a surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O , and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound.2. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the second catalytic material catalyzes reaction of hydrogen with a target organic compound.37-. (canceled)8. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a particulate support material.9. (canceled)10. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a transition metal oxide having a band gap in the range of from about 1.23 to about 6.7 eV.1112-. (canceled)13. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a non-photocatalytically active material.1418-. (canceled)19. The photocatalyst composition of matter ...

MIXED MANGANESE FERRITE COATED CATALYST, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING 1,3-BUTADIENE USING THE SAME

This invention relates to a method of preparing a mixed manganese ferrite coated catalyst, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the same, and more particularly, to a method of preparing a catalyst by coating a support with mixed manganese ferrite obtained by co-precipitation at 10˜40° C. using a binder and to a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using oxidative dehydrogenation of a crude C4 mixture containing n-butene and n-butane in the presence of the prepared catalyst. This mixed manganese ferrite coated catalyst has a simple synthetic process, and facilitates control of the generation of heat upon oxidative dehydrogenation and is very highly active in the dehydrogenation of n-butene. 1. A method of preparing a mixed manganese ferrite coated catalyst for use in preparing 1 ,3-butadiene , comprising:a) co-precipitating a precursor aqueous solution comprising a manganese precursor and an iron precursor while being mixed in a basic solution, thus forming a co-precipitated solution;b) washing and filtering the co-precipitated solution, thus obtaining a solid sample which is then dried;c) mixing the dried solid sample, a binder and distilled water and an acid at a weight ratio of 1:0.5˜2:6˜12:0.3˜0.8 at room temperature, thus obtaining a mixture; andd) adding a support to the mixture obtained in c) and then performing blending and drying.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein amounts of the manganese precursor and the iron precursor are adjusted so that an atom ratio of iron/manganese is 2.0˜2.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor aqueous solution is co-precipitated while being mixed in a 1.5˜4.0 M basic solution at 10˜40° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drying in b) is performed at 70˜200° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drying in d) is performed at 50˜80° C.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heat treating the solid catalyst dried in d) at 350˜800° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dried solid sample claim 1 , the ...

Photoactive Material Comprising Nanoparticles of at Least Two Photoactive Constituents

A photoactive material including nanoparticles of photoactive first and second constituents. The first and second constituents have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum. The first and second constituents are provided in an alternating layered arrangement of respective first and second layers or are mixed together in a single layer. The nanoparticles have diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light. The charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material. The photoactive material may enable redox reactions of carbon dioxide with at least one of hydrogen and water to produce a fuel. 1. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive constituent; andnanoparticles of at least one second photoactive constituent;the at least one first and second constituents each being selected to have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies, to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the at least one first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents being mixed together to form a layer;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents having diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light; andwherein the charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material.2. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive ...

Catalyst for producing unsaturated aldehyde and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid, and process for producing unsaturated aldehyde and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid using the catalyst

Provided is a catalyst for production of unsaturated aldehyde and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid, which shows excellent mechanical strength and low attrition loss and is capable of producing the object product(s) at a high yield. The catalyst comprises a catalytically active component containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron as the essential ingredients, and inorganic fibers, and is characterized in that the inorganic fibers contain at least an inorganic fiber having an average diameter of at least 8 μm and another inorganic fiber having an average diameter not more than 6 μm.

Transparent Photocatalyst Coating

Photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency. 1. A photocatalytic composition comprising a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst.2. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst improves the catalytic performance of the photocatalyst by at least about 1.2 claim 1 , as measured by the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde.3. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap of about 1.5 eV to about 3.5 eV.4. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises tungsten or titanium.5. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is doped with a naturally occurring element.6. The photocatalyst composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is loaded with a transition metal claim 1 , a transition metal oxide claim 1 , or a transition metal hydroxide.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , or Ti(O claim 1 ,C claim 1 ,N):Sn.8. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of being reduced by electron transfer from the conduction band of the photocatalyst.9. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of reducing Oby electron transfer.10. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion.11. The photocatalytic composition of claim 10 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion under ambient conditions.12. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises anatase TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , KTaO claim 1 , or KNbO.13. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises InO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , anatase TiO claim 1 , rutile TiO claim 1 , a combination of anatase and ...

Silicon carbide ceramic and honeycomb structure

Provided is a silicon carbide ceramic having a small amount of resistivity change due to temperature change and being capable of generating heat by current application; and containing silicon carbide crystals having 0.1 to 25 mass % of 4H—SiC silicon carbide crystals and 50 to 99.9 mass % of 6H—SiC silicon carbide crystals, preferably having a nitrogen content of 0.01 mass % or less, more preferably containing two or more kinds of silicon carbide particles containing silicon carbide crystals and silicon for binding these silicon carbide particles to each other and having a silicon content of from 10 to 40 mass %.

Catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, method of preparing the same and method of preparing olefin by using the same

The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing olefin by the hydrocarbon steam cracking by using the catalyst, and more specifically, to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for preparing light olefin including an oxide catalyst (0.5≦j≦120, 1≦k≦50, A is transition metal, and x is a number satisfying conditions according to valence of Cr, Zr, and A and values of j and k) represented by CrZr j A k O x , wherein the composite catalyst is a type that has an outer radius r 2 of 0.5 R to 0.96 R (where R is a radius of a cracking reaction tube), a thickness (t; r 2 −r 1 ) of 2 to 6 mm, and a length h of 0.5 r 2 to 10 r 2 , a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing light olefin by using the same.

CATALYST FOR PRODUCING UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID AND A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID USING THE CATALYST

Provided is a catalyst for producing unsaturated carboxylic acid, which excels in mechanical strength and attrition loss and is capable of producing the object product at a high yield. This catalyst is formed of a catalytically active component comprising molybdenum and vanadium as the essential ingredients and inorganic fibers, which are supported on an inert carrier, said catalyst being characterized in that said inorganic fibers comprise at least an inorganic fiber having an average diameter less than 1.0 μm and another inorganic fiber having an average diameter ranging from 1.5 to 7 μm. 1. A catalyst for production of unsaturated carboxylic acid in which the catalytically active component comprising molybdenum and vanadium as the essential ingredients , and inorganic fibers , are supported on an inert carrier , and which is characterized in that it comprises as the inorganic fibers at least an inorganic fiber having an average diameter less than 1.0 μm and another inorganic fiber having an average diameter ranging from 1.5 to 7 μm.2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , in which the total content of the inorganic fibers ranges from 0.5 to 30 mass % to the catalytically active component.3. A catalyst according to claim 1 , in which the catalytically active component is a complex oxide represented by the following general formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': 12', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'x, 'MoVABCDO\u2003\u2003(1)'}(wherein Mo is molybdenum; V is vanadium; A is at least an element selected from tungsten and niobium; B is at least an element selected from chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and bismuth; C is at least an element selected from antimony, tin, tellurium and phosphorus; D is at least an element selected from silicon, aluminium, titanium, cerium and zirconium; and O is oxygen; a, b, c, d, e and x stand for the respective atomic ratios of V, A, B, C, D and O, where 0 Подробнее

IRON AND COBALT BASED FISCHER-TROPSCH PRE-CATALYSTS AND CATALYSTS

A method of making iron and cobalt pre-catalysts and catalysts in activated, finished form suitable for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The pre-catalysts are prepared by mixing an iron or cobalt salt, a base, and a metal oxide textural promoter or support. The reaction is carried out in a solvent deficient environment. The resulting product is then calcined at temperatures of about 300-500° C. to produce a metal oxide. The catalysts are prepared by reducing the metal oxide in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of about 300-500° C. and carbiding the reduced metal in the case of iron. 1. A process for preparing an iron or cobalt based pre-catalyst comprising(a) reacting a metal salt selected from the group consisting of an iron salt and a cobalt salt with a base in the presence of a textural promoter, with no solvent added to produce a cobalt or iron oxide: and(b) calcining the product of step (a) at a temperature of about 150-500° C.2. The process of wherein the metal salt is an iron salt.3. The process of wherein a copper salt claim 2 , a potassium salt and the textural promoter are provided in step (a) and mixed together in one step prior to heating.4. The process of wherein the iron salt is selected from the group consisting of iron nitrate claim 2 , iron oxalate claim 2 , iron acetate claim 2 , iron chloride and mixtures thereof5. The process of wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate claim 2 , ammonium bicarbonate claim 2 , ammonium sesquicarbonate claim 2 , ammonium chloride claim 2 , ammonium oxalate claim 2 , ammonium sulfate claim 2 , ammonium hydroxide claim 2 , ammonium nitrate claim 2 , potassium carbonate claim 2 , lithium hydroxide claim 2 , sodium hydroxide claim 2 , potassium hydroxide claim 2 , magnesium hydroxide claim 2 , calcium hydroxide claim 2 , and mixtures thereof6. The process of wherein the base is ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate.7. The process of wherein the iron salt is iron nitrate ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING Si-SiC BASED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

A method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure according to the present invention includes the steps of burying a burial base material into pores of a porous honeycomb base material which has a SiC phase and an oxide phase containing a Si oxide, where the burial base material contains metal Si particles having a particular diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore and metal Al particles having a particle diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore, and melting the metal Si particles and the metal Al particles, which are contained in the burial base material, by heating the porous honeycomb base material including the buried burial tease material in an inert atmosphere, so as to form a metal phase containing metal Si and metal Al in pores of the porous honeycomb base material. 1. A method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure , comprising the steps of:burying a burial base material into pores of a porous honeycomb base material which is provided with a partition portion constituting a plurality of cells serving as flow paths of a fluid and which has a SiC phase and an oxide phase containing a Si oxide, where the burial base material contains metal Si particles having a particle diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore and metal Al particles having a particle diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore; andmelting the metal Si particles and the metal Al particles, which are contained in the burial base material, by heating the porous honeycomb base material including the buried burial base material in an inert atmosphere, so as to form a metal phase containing metal Si and metal Al in pores of the porous honeycomb base material.2. The method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure according to claim 1 , wherein in the step of burying claim 1 , the metal Si particles and metal Al particles having an average particle diameter more than or equal to one-hundredth and less than or equal to one-half the average pore diameter of the ...

CATALYSTS FOR SYNTHESIS OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS USING SYNGAS AND PREPARATION METHODS THEREOF

Disclosed is a Co/AlO/SiC catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis exhibiting superior heat transfer and mass transport effects, wherein an AlO/SiC support in which alumina is coated on silicon carbide (SiC) with superior thermal conductivity is used and cobalt (Co) is supported thereon as an active component to provide a bimodal pore size distribution, and a method for preparing same. Use of the AlO/SiC support improves cobalt dispersion and enhances cobalt-support interaction, thereby inhibiting generation of cokes (carbon filaments). As a result, catalyst stability is improved and conversion of syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) can be improved. 1. A method for preparing a cobalt/alumina/silicon carbide (Co/AlO/SiC) catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'obtaining an alumina/silicon carbide support by modifying the surface of silicon carbide (SiC) with alumina (AlO); and'}supporting an aqueous solution comprising a cobalt precursor on the support.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said obtaining the alumina/silicon carbide support is performed by a coprecipitation method using at least one basic precipitator selected from a group consisting of sodium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbonate and ammonia water while maintaining pH at 7-8.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said obtaining the alumina/silicon carbide support is performed by a sol-gel method comprising adding 5-50 mol of at least one C-Calcohol-based organic solvent selected from a group consisting of 1-propanol claim 1 , 2-propanol claim 1 , 1-butanol and 2-butanol and 0.01-1 mol of an organic carboxylic acid and 2-12 mol of water (HO) to a slurry solution containing silicon carbide claim 1 , 1 mol of aluminum alkoxide as an alumina precursor claim 1 , and heating to obtain a boehmite sol.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the reaction for obtaining the boehmite sol is performed at 80-110° C. for 5-50 hours.5. The ...

SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZED METAL CARBIDES ON GRAPHITIZED CARBON AS SUPPORTING MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCATALYSTS

Particles of a macro-porous ion exchange resin are dispersed in a solution of a transition metal compound, such as a compound of molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium. The resin may be composed for anion exchange or cation ion exchange and, correspondingly, anions or cations of the metal are exchanged onto active ion exchange sites on the molecular chains of the resin. The resin is then carbonized and graphitized to form nanometer-size particles of transition metal carbide on particles of graphite. The composite metal carbide and graphite particles are electrically conductive and serve well as support particles for later deposited particles of a platinum group metal or other catalyst material in, for example, a catalytic electrode member in an electrochemical cell. 1. A method of forming nanometer-size particles of a transition metal carbide compound on larger particles of graphite; the method comprising:exchanging ions of a transition metal onto active ion exchange sites on molecular chains of particles of an ion exchange resin to obtain a transition metal content in and on the particles of the ion exchange resin; andheating the transition metal-containing, ion exchange resin particles to graphitize the resin material and to form nanometer-size particles of transition metal carbide compound on larger formed particles of graphite.2. A method as recited in in which the particles of transition metal carbide compound have average maximum particle sizes up to about ten nanometers.3. A method as recited in in which the transition metal is one or more selected from the group consisting of molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and vanadium.4. A method as recited in in which particles of the ion exchange resin are dispersed in a solution of ions of the transition metal and ions of the transition metal are exchanged from the solution onto active ion exchange sites of the ion exchange resin.5. A method as recited in in which particles of the ion exchange resin are dispersed in ...

Process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor and process for hydrocarbon synthesis

The invention provides a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor. The process includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a silica (SiO2) catalyst support supporting cobalt nitrate to convert the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support at a high heating rate, which does not fall below 10° C./minute, during at least a temperature range A. The temperature range A is from the lowest temperature at which calcination of the loaded catalyst support begins to 165° C. Gas flow is effected over the loaded catalyst support during at least the temperature range A. The catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGHLY NITROGEN-DOPED MESOPOROUS CARBON COMPOSITES

Some embodiments are directed to a new methodology aimed at preparing highly N-doped mesoporous carbon macroscopic composites, and their use as highly efficient heterogeneous metal-free catalysts in a number of industrially relevant catalytic transformations. 1. A method of preparing macroscopic composites made of a macroscopic support coated with a thin layer of highly nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon phase (active phase) , said method comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '3, '(a) providing an aqueous solution of (i) (NH)CO; (ii) a carbohydrate as carbon source, selected from aldose monosaccharides and glycosilated forms thereof, disaccharides and oligosaccharides or dextrine deriving from biomass conversion, and (iii) a carboxylic acid source selected from citric acid, and any other mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-carboxylic acid or their ammonium mono-, di-, tri- and poly-basic forms;'} [ (a1) providing an aqueous solution of citric acid and a carbohydrate as carbon source, selected from aldose monosaccharides and glycosilated forms thereof, disaccharides and oligosaccharides;', '(c1) prior to step (c), immerging/soaking or impregnating the macroscopic support of step (b) in the aqueous solution of step (a1) for a suitable amount of time;', '(d1) optionally removing the immerged macroscopic support from the aqueous solution of step (a1) if an excess aqueous solution is used in step (c1);', '(e1′) optionally subjecting the resulting macroscopic support to a gentle thermal treatment (drying) under air at low temperatures from 45 to 55° C., preferably 50° C.±3° C.;', '(e1) subjecting the resulting macroscopic support to a first thermal treatment (drying) under air at moderate temperatures from 110-150° C.±5° C., preferably 130° C.±5° C.; and', '(f1) subjecting the thermally treated (dried) macroscopic support to a second thermal treatment under inert atmosphere at higher temperatures from 600-800° C.±10° C., preferably 600° C.±5° C.; thereby generating a macroscopic composite ...

ALKALI METAL DOPED MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE SUPPORTED ON GAMMA-ALUMINA FOR SELECTIVE CO2 HYDROGENATION INTO CO

A class of catalysts for COhydrogenation via the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction to selectively produce CO for down-stream hydrocarbon synthesis. Alkali metal-doped molybdenum carbide, supported on gamma alumina (A-MoC/γ-AlO, A=K, Na, Li), is synthesized by co-impregnation of molybdenum and alkali metal precursors onto a γ-AlOsupport. The A-Mo/γ-AlOcatalyst is then carburized to form the A-MoC/γ-AlO. Also disclosed is the related method for COhydrogenation via the RWGS reaction using the A-MoC/γ-AlOcatalyst. 1. A supported heterogeneous catalyst material for catalyzing the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction for the selective formation of CO , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'a support material comprising γ-AlO; and'}an active material comprising alkali-metal doped molybdenum carbide.2. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the alkali-metal component of the active material comprises one or more alkali-metal precursors in elemental form or in the form of oxides claim 1 , said metals being selected from the group consisting of K claim 1 , Na claim 1 , Li claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the molybdenum component of the active material comprises one or more molybdenum precursors in the form of carbides claim 1 , oxycarbides claim 1 , oxides claim 1 , elemental molybdenum claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. A method for making a catalyst for use in carbon dioxide hydrogenation via the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction for the selective formation of CO claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'co-impregnating molybdenum and alkali-metal precursors onto a γ-AlOsupport, wherein the alkali metal is K, Na, or Li;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'drying and calcining impregnated γ-AlOsupport; and'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '3, 'carburizing the dried and calcined γ-AlOsupport to form A-MoC/γ-AlO, where A is K, Na, or Li.'}5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the loading of Mo is in the range of 1 to 70%.6. The method of claim ...

WC/CNT, WC/CNT/Pt Composite Material and Preparation Process Therefor and Use Thereof

Disclosed are WC/CNT, WC/CNT/Pt composite material and preparation process therefor and use thereof. The WC/CNT/Pt composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide with diameter of 1-5 microns, carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles, with the carbon nanotubes growing on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and expanding outward, and the platinum nanoparticles growing on the surfaces of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and carbon nanotubes. The WC/CNT composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide with diameter of 1-5 microns, and carbon nanotubes growing on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and expanding outward. The WC/CNT/Pt composite material can be used as an electro-catalyst in a methanol flue battery, significantly improving the catalytic conversion rate and the service life of the catalyst. The WC/CNT composite material can be used as an electro-catalyst in the electro-reduction of a nitro aromatic compound, significantly improving the efficiency of organic electro-synthesis. 1. A tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material , wherein the tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide of 1-5 microns in diameter , carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles , wherein the carbon nanotubes grow on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and extend outwardly therefrom , and the platinum nanoparticles grow on the surfaces of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and the carbon nanotubes.2. A method for preparing the tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:(1) pelletizing a solution of a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and ferric nitrate by spray drying; carbonizing the resulting particles by temperature programmed gas-solid reaction process directly or after calcination to obtain a tungsten ...

Catalyst, Process For The Preparation Of Said Catalyst And Use Of Said Catalyst In A Process And In A Device For The Preparation Of Olefins

The present invention relates to a catalyst characterized in that it comprises a) at least one metal compound selected from a group consisting of metal carbide, -nitride, -silicide, -phosphide and -sulfide or mixtures thereof, wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium, lanthanum and chromium, and b) at least one non-Brønsted-acidic binder selected from a group consisting of AlPO, Bentonite, AlN and NSi. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process or a device for the preparation of olefins from C2-, C3- or C4-alkanes using the catalyst. 1. A catalyst , characterized in that it comprises:a) at least one metal compound selected from a group consisting of metal carbide, -nitride, -silicide, -phosphide and -sulfide or mixtures thereof, wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium, lanthanum and chromium, and{'sub': 4', '4', '3, 'b) 5-40% (w/w) of a non-Brønsted-acidic binder selected from a group consisting of AlPO, Bentonite, AlN and NSi.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , characterized in that the component a) is at least one metal compound of the group consisting of MoC claim 1 , MoN claim 1 , MoP claim 1 , MoSi claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , WC claim 1 , WN claim 1 , WP claim 1 , WSi claim 1 , WS claim 1 , TiC claim 1 , TiN claim 1 , TiP claim 1 , TiSi claim 1 , TiS claim 1 , TaC claim 1 , TaN claim 1 , TaP claim 1 , TaSi claim 1 , TaSi claim 1 , TaS claim 1 , VC claim 1 , VN claim 1 , VP claim 1 , VSi claim 1 , VS claim 1 , LaC claim 1 , LaN claim 1 , LaP claim 1 , LaSi claim 1 , LaS claim 1 , NbC claim 1 , NbN claim 1 , NbP claim 1 , NbSi and NbS claim 1 , wherein 0.1 Подробнее

Reducing agent injection device, exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method

A reducing agent injection device includes a honeycomb structure having a honeycomb structure body and a pair of electrode members arranged in a side surface of the honeycomb structure body and a urea spraying device spraying a urea water solution in mist form. The urea water solution sprayed from the urea spraying device is supplied inside cells from a first end face of the honeycomb structure body, and urea in the urea water solution supplied in the cells is heated and hydrolyzed inside the electrically heated honeycomb structure body to generate ammonia. The ammonia is discharged outside the honeycomb structure body from a second end face and injected outside. There is provided a reducing agent injection device that can generate and inject ammonia from a urea solution with less energy.

Chemical method catalysed by ferromagnetic nanoparticles

A method for the heterogeneous catalysis of a chemical reaction using, in a reactor, at least one reagent and a catalytic composition that can catalyze the reaction within a given range of temperatures T. At least one reagent is brought into contact with the catalytic composition which includes a ferromagnetic nanoparticulate component whose surface is formed at least partially by a compound that is a catalyst for the reaction; the nanoparticulate component is heated by magnetic induction in order to reach a temperature within the range of temperatures T; and the reaction product(s) formed on the surface of the nanoparticulate component are recovered. A catalytic composition includes a ferromagnetic nanoparticulate component that can be heated by magnetic induction to the reaction temperature, whose surface thereof is at least partially formed by a catalyst compound for the reaction. The catalyst is heated by the effect of the magnetic field.

Improved Catalyzed Soot Filter

A catalyzed soot filter, in particular for the treatment of Diesel engine exhaust, comprises a coating design which ensures soot particulates filtration, assists the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO), and produces low HS emissions during normal engine operations and regeneration events. 1. A catalyzed soot filter , comprisinga wall flow substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end;wherein the internal walls of the inlet passages comprise an inlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the inlet coating extends from the inlet end to an inlet coating end, thereby defining an inlet coating length, wherein the inlet coating length is x % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦x≦100; andwherein the internal walls of the outlet passages comprise an outlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the outlet coating extends from the outlet end to an outlet coating end, thereby defining an outlet coating length, wherein the outlet coating length is y % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦y≦100;wherein the inlet coating length defines an upstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter and the outlet coating length defines a downstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the wall flow substrate comprises at least one layer comprising at least one oxidation catalyst and at least one layer comprising at least one HS suppressing material;'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein said at least one oxidation catalyst and said at least one HS suppressing material are separated by the internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;'}characterized in that the total coating length is x+y, and x+y≧100.2. The catalyzed soot filter of claim ...

MULTICOMPONENT PLASMONIC PHOTOCATALYSTS CONSISTING OF A PLASMONIC ANTENNA AND A REACTIVE CATALYTIC SURFACE: THE ANTENNA-REACTOR EFFECT

A multicomponent photocatalyst includes a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material. A method of performing a catalytic reaction includes loading a multicomponent photocatalyst including a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material into a reaction chamber; introducing molecular reactants into the reaction chamber; and illuminating the reaction chamber with a light source. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A multicomponent photocatalyst comprising:a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material, wherein the reactive component is alloyed at the surface of the plasmonic material.23. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is selected from gold (Au) claim 22 , silver (Ag) claim 22 , copper (Cu) claim 22 , aluminum (Al) claim 22 , alloys thereof claim 22 , TiN claim 22 , or doped semiconductors.24. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is a 2-dimensional material.25. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein a molar ratio of the plasmonic material to the reactive component may be between 1000:1 to 10:1.26. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between 180 nm and 10 microns.27. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between about 380 nm-760 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.28. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has at least one dimension with a size between about 1 nm and 300 nm.29. The ...

CARBON OXIDE REDUCTION WITH INTERMETALLIC AND CARBIDE CATALYSTS

A method of reducing a gaseous carbon oxide includes reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of an intermetallic or carbide catalyst. The reaction proceeds under conditions adapted to produce solid carbon of various allotropes and morphologies, the selective formation of which can be controlled by means of controlling reaction gas composition and reaction conditions including temperature and pressure. A method for utilizing an intermetallic or carbide catalyst in a reactor includes placing the catalyst in a suitable reactor and flowing reaction gases comprising a carbon oxide with at least one gaseous reducing agent through the reactor where, in the presence of the catalyst, at least a portion of the carbon in the carbon oxide is converted to solid carbon and a tail gas mixture containing water vapor. 1. A method of reducing a carbon oxide to a lower oxidation state , the method comprising:reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure adapted to produce water and a solid carbon product;wherein the catalyst comprises an intermetallic compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises NiFe.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises FePt.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least two different metals.5. A method of reducing a carbon oxide to a lower oxidation state claim 1 , the method comprising:reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure adapted to produce water and a solid carbon product;wherein the catalyst comprises a metal carbide.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst comprises cementite (FeC).7. A method of reducing a carbon oxide to a lower oxidation state claim 5 , the method comprising:reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst under ...

PROCESS FOR UPGRADING RENEWABLE LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

The invention relates to a catalytic process for upgrading a renewable crude oil produced from biomass and/or waste comprising providing a renewable crude oil and pressurizing it to a pressure in the range in the range 60 to 150 bar, contacting the pressurized renewable crude oil with hydrogen and at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 2.0 hand at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 360° C., hereby providing a partially upgraded renewable crude oil, separating the partially upgraded renewable crude oil from the first reaction zone to a partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, a partially upgraded light renewable oil fraction, a water stream and a process gas stream, introducing the separated and partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction and separated process gas to a second reaction zone comprising at least two reactors arranged in parallel and being adapted to operate in a first and a second mode of operation, the reactors comprising dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst(-s) capable of performing a catalytic steam cracking reaction in a first mode of operation or a steam reforming reaction in a second mode of operation, where the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction from the first reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst and steam at a pressure of 10 to 150 bar and a temperature of 350° C. to 430° C. whereby a catalytic steam cracking of the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil is performed in the reactors in the first mode of operation, hereby providing a further upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, while separated process gas from the first and/or second reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning catalyst and steam at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar and a temperature of 350 to 600° C. in the reactors in the second mode of operation and contacted with the dual functioning catalyst, thereby ...

SUPPORTED E/E' IRON CARBIDE CATALYST FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS REACTION, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF AND FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS PROCESS

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalysts, and discloses a supported ε/ε′ iron carbide catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, preparation method thereof and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) dipping a catalyst carrier in a ferric salt aqueous solution, drying and roasting the dipped carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor; (2) subjecting the catalyst precursor and Hto a precursor reduction at the temperature of 300-550° C.; (3) pretreating the material obtained in the step (2) with Hand CO at the temperature of 90-185° C., wherein the molar ratio of H/CO is 1.2-2.8:1; (4) preparing carbide with the material obtained in the step (3), Hand CO at the temperature of 200-300° C., wherein the molar ratio of H/CO is 1.0-3.2:1. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient operation steps, being capable of preparing the catalyst with 100% pure phase ε/ε′ iron carbide as the active phase, the catalyst has lower selectivity of COand CHand higher selectivity of effective products. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of preparing a supported de iron carbide catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction , wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:(1) dipping a catalyst carrier in a ferric salt aqueous solution, drying and roasting the dipped carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor;{'sub': '2', '(2) subjecting the catalyst precursor and Hto a precursor reduction at the temperature of 300-550° C.;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(3) pretreating the material obtained in the step (2) with Hand CO at the temperature of 90-185° C., wherein the molar ratio of H/CO is 1.2-2.8:1;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(4) preparing carbide with the material obtained in the step (3), Hand CO at the temperature of 200-300° C., wherein the molar ratio of H/CO is 1.0-3.2:1.'}12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ferric salt is ...

HONEYCOMB FILTER

A honeycomb filter includes a plurality of cells, porous cell walls, and an oxidation catalyst. The plurality of cells include exhaust gas introduction cells and exhaust gas emission cells. The oxidation catalyst is supported inside the porous cell walls in an amount of 5 to 60 g/L. The exhaust gas emission cells have an average cross sectional area larger than an average cross sectional area of the exhaust gas introduction cells in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A total volume of the exhaust gas introduction cells is larger than a total volume of the exhaust gas emission cells. 1. A honeycomb filter comprising:a plurality of cells through which exhaust gas is to flow and which include exhaust gas introduction cells and exhaust gas emission cells, the exhaust gas introduction cells each having an open end at an exhaust gas introduction side and a plugged end at an exhaust gas emission side, the exhaust gas emission cells each having an open end at the exhaust gas emission side and a plugged end at the exhaust gas introduction side;porous cell walls defining rims of the plurality of cells;an oxidation catalyst supported inside the porous cell walls in an amount of 5 to 60 g/L;the exhaust gas introduction cells and the exhaust gas emission cells each having a uniform cross sectional shape except for a plugged portion in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the plurality of cells thoroughly from the exhaust gas introduction side to the exhaust gas emission side;the exhaust gas emission cells having an average cross sectional area larger than an average cross sectional area of the exhaust gas introduction cells in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; anda total volume of the exhaust gas introduction cells being larger than a total volume of the exhaust gas emission cells.2. The honeycomb filter according to claim 1 ,wherein, each of the exhaust gas emission cells is adjacently surrounded ...

BIMETAL CATALYSTS

The present disclosure discloses bimetal catalysts. 1. A catalyst , comprising:a carbide or nitride of two early transition metals, and{'sup': 2', '−1, 'a mesoporous support having a surface area of at least about 170 mg, the carbide or nitride of the two early transition metals being supported by the mesoporous support and in an amorphous form.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support in the presence of the carbide or nitride has a surface area of at least about 450 mg.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support in the presence of the carbide or nitride has a surface area of at least about 700 mg.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support in the presence of the carbide or nitride has a pore volume of at least about 0.1 cmg.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support in the presence of the carbide or nitride has a pore volume of at least about 0.2 cmg.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support in the presence of the carbide or nitride has a pore volume of at least about 0.7 cmg.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein one of the two early transition metals is Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Rh or Mn.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein one of the two early transition metals is Mo.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein one of the two early transition metals is W.10. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the other early transition metal is Ni claim 7 , Co claim 7 , Al claim 7 , Si claim 7 , S or P.11. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the other early transition metal is Ni.12. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the other early transition metal is Co.13. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of AlO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , CeO claim 1 , a mesoporous material claim 1 , a clay claim 1 , and combinations thereof.14. The catalyst of claim 13 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5 claim 13 , zeolite β claim 13 , USY claim 13 , ...

CATALYSTS FOR CONVERTING SYNGAS INTO LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND METHODS THEREOF

The presently-disclosed subject matter includes methods for producing liquid hydrocarbons from syngas. In some embodiments the syngas is obtained from biomass and/or comprises a relatively high amount of nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide. In some embodiments the present methods can convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbons through a one-stage process. Also provided are catalysts for producing liquid hydrocarbons from syngas, wherein the catalysts include a base material, a transition metal, and a promoter. In some embodiments the base material includes a zeolite-iron material or a cobalt-molybdenum carbide material. In still further embodiments the promoter can include an alkali metal. 1. A method for producing liquid hydrocarbons from syngas , comprising:obtaining syngas from a biomass;contacting the syngas with a catalyst to catalyze the production of the liquid hydrocarbons, the catalyst including a base material, a transition metal, and a promoter;wherein the promoter is potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, or potassium nitrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base material includes a zeolite claim 1 , iron claim 1 , a zeolite-iron material claim 1 , a cobalt-molydenum material claim 1 , a cobalt-molydenum carbide claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base material includes a zeolite-iron material claim 1 , and wherein the transition metal is selected from platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , rhodium (Rh) claim 1 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite-iron material includes iron oxide nanostructures.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base material includes a cobalt-molybdenum carbide claim 1 , and wherein the transitional metal is selected from iron (Fe) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , tungsten (W) claim 1 , vanadium (V) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , silver (Ag) ...

IRON-BASED CATALYST AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to a method for preparing liquid or solid hydrocarbons from syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of iron-based catalysts, the iron-based catalysts for the use thereof, and a method for preparing the iron-based catalysts; more specifically, in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, liquid or solid hydrocarbons may be prepared specifically with superior productivity and selectivity for C hydrocarbons using the iron-based catalysts comprising iron hydroxide, iron oxide, and iron carbide wherein the number of iron atoms contained in the iron hydroxide is 30% or higher, and the number of iron atoms contained in the iron carbide is 50% or lower, relative to 100% of the number of iron atoms contained in the iron-based catalysts. 1. Iron-based catalysts comprising iron hydroxide , iron oxide , and iron carbide , wherein the number of iron atoms in a phase fraction of iron hydroxide ranges from 30% to 60% , the number of iron atoms in a phase fraction of iron oxide ranges from 10% to 30% , and the number of iron atoms in a phase fraction of iron carbide ranges from 10% to 50% , relative to 100% of the number of iron atoms contained in the iron-based catalysts.2. The iron-based catalysts of claim 1 , wherein the iron hydroxide is ferrihydrite claim 1 , the iron oxide is selected from the group consisting of magnetite claim 1 , hematite claim 1 , maghemite claim 1 , and a combination thereof claim 1 , and the iron carbide is selected from ε-carbide (FeC) claim 1 , ε′-carbide (FeC) claim 1 , χ-carbide (FeC) claim 1 , and a combination thereof.3. The iron-based catalysts of claim 1 , wherein the iron carbide comprises χ-carbide (FeC) and ε′-carbide (FeC) claim 1 ,{'sub': 2.5', '2.2, 'wherein the number of iron atoms contained in the iron hydroxide ranges from 48% to 57%, the number of iron atoms contained in the iron oxide ranges from 18% to 29%, the number of iron atoms contained in the χ-carbide (FeC) ranges from 6% to 24%, and the ...

Catalysts by concurrent creation of support and metal (3c-sam)

A catalyst structure comprising dispersed metal catalyst on support, wherein the support but not the metal catalyst can be observed using x-ray diffraction, and wherein the metal catalyst can be chemically detected.

CATALYTIC FORMS AND FORMULATIONS

Catalytic forms and formulations are provided. The catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 1. A catalytic material comprising a plurality of catalytic nanowires in combination with a diluent , wherein the diluent comprises an alkaline earth metal compound , silicon carbide , cordierite , BO , InO , SrAlO , BSrOor combinations thereof , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is not MgO , CaO , MgAlOor calcium aluminate.2. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is MgCO claim 1 , MgSO claim 1 , Mg(PO) claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , CaSO claim 1 , Ca(PO) claim 1 , CaAlO claim 1 , SrO claim 1 , SrCO claim 1 , SrSO claim 1 , Sr(PO) claim 1 , SrAlO claim 1 , BaO claim 1 , BaCO claim 1 , BaSO claim 1 , Ba(PO) claim 1 , BaAlOor combinations thereof.3. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal compound is SrO claim 1 , MgCO claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , SrCOor combinations thereof.4. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material comprises a formed aggregate.5. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises an extrudate6. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises a pressed or cast particle7. The catalytic material of claim 4 , wherein the formed aggregate comprises a monolith8. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is in a shape selected from a cylinder claim 1 , rod claim 1 , star claim 1 , ribbed claim 1 , trilobe claim 1 , disk claim 1 , hollow claim 1 , donut claim 1 , ring-shaped claim 1 , pellet claim 1 , tube claim 1 , spherical claim 1 , honeycomb claim 1 , cup claim 1 , bowl and an irregular shape.9. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is disposed on claim 1 , impregnated in claim 1 , or combinations thereof claim ...

Iron carbide nanoparticles, method for preparing same and use thereof for heat generation

Disclosed are iron nanoparticles, in which at least 70% of the iron atoms they contain are present in an Fe2,2C crystalline structure. In particular, these nanoparticles can be obtained via the carburization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles, by contacting the iron nanoparticles with a gas mixture of dihydrogen and carbon monoxide. The iron carbide nanoparticles are particularly suitable to be used for hyperthermia and for catalyzing Sabatier and Fischer-Tropsch reactions.

CATALYTIC SURFACES AND COATINGS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PETROCHEMICALS

This disclosure describes a coating composition comprising: MnO, MnCrO, or combinations thereof in a first region of a coating having a first thickness, wherein x and y are integers between 1 and 7; and XW(Si, C) in a second region of the coating having a second thickness, wherein X is Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and z ranges from 0 to 1. 1. A coating composition comprising:a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination[[s]] thereof in a first region of a coating having a first thickness; and{'sub': 6', '6', 'z', '1-z, 'XW(Si, C) in a second region of the coating having a second thickness, wherein X is Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and z ranges from 0 to 1.'}2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the second region has an overall composition comprising Ni in a range of 10-45 wt % claim 1 , Mn in a range of 1.5-12 wt % claim 1 , Fe in a range of 2-10 wt % claim 1 , Si and/or C in a range of 5-10 wt % claim 1 , Win a range of 35-80 wt % claim 1 , and Cr in a range of 0.5-5 wt % claim 1 , Nb in a range of 0-2 wt % claim 1 , and Ti in a range of 0-2 wt %.3. (canceled)4. The coating composition of claim 3 , wherein the first thickness is 1-10 microns.5. (canceled)6. The coating composition of claim 5 , wherein the second thickness is 200-500 microns.7. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal comprises Fe claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , and combinations thereof.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises CaWO claim 1 , BaYWO claim 1 , or combinations thereof.12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. A substrate coated with the coating composition of .16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. A coating composition claim 1 , comprising Ni in a range of 10-45 wt % claim 1 , Mn in a range of 1.5-12 wt % claim ...

CATALYST STRUCTURES FOR MITIGATING CATALYST DEACTIVATION AND RELATED METHODS

A catalyst structure is disclosed. The catalyst structure comprises a catalytic material and a metal material on the catalytic material, where the metal material comprises particle sizes in a range from about 1.5 nanometers to about 3 nanometers. An interface between the metal material and the catalytic material comprises bonds between the metal material and the catalytic material. A method of mitigating catalyst deactivation is also disclosed, as is a method of carbon monoxide disproportionation. 1. A catalyst structure , comprising:a catalytic material; anda metal material on the catalytic material, an interface between the metal material and the catalytic material comprising bonds between the metal material and the catalytic material, and the metal material comprising particle sizes in a range from about 1.5 nanometers to about 3 nanometers.2. The catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material comprises molybdenum carbide (MoC) claim 1 , titanium carbide (TiC) claim 1 , vanadium carbide (VC) claim 1 , zirconium carbide (ZrC) claim 1 , hafnium carbide (HfC) claim 1 , niobium carbide (NbC claim 1 , NbC) claim 1 , tantalum carbide (TaC(where x=about 0.4 to about 1)) claim 1 , an oxide of molybdenum claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , or tantalum claim 1 , a mixed metal oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal material comprises platinum (Pt) claim 1 , iron (Fe) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , potassium (K) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , rhodium (Rh) claim 1 , ruthenium (Ru) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) claim 1 , or combinations thereof.4. The catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein particle sizes of the metal material comprise particle sizes in a range from about 2 nanometers to about 2.7 nanometers.5. The catalyst structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal ...

Porous shaped metal-carbon products

The present invention provides a porous metal-containing carbon-based material that is stable at high temperatures under aqueous conditions. The porous metal-containing carbon-based materials are particularly useful in catalytic applications. Also provided, are methods for making and using porous shaped metal-carbon products prepared from these materials.

HETEROPOLY ACID SALT CATALYST AND ITS PREPARATION METHOD

Disclosed are a catalyst and preparation method and use thereof. The catalyst has a constitution represented as the formula below, wherein, D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, stibium and zinc; E represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, silicon, nickel, palladium, ferrum and plumbum; Z is selected from the group consisting of SiC, MoO, WO, TiOand ZrO; y/x=11.1-50:100; a=0.1-3; b=0.01-5; c=0.01-5; d=0.01-3; e=0.01-2; f is the proportion of oxygen atom balancing the valence. The method comprises: (i) formulating Solution A with molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium compounds; formulating Solution B with dissolve potassium compound and a D-containing compound; formulating Solution C with an E-containing compound; (ii) mix Solutions A, B and C under a temperature of −5-10° C.; (iii) pre-calcination (iv) adding graphite powder and the diluting heat-conductive agent, wherein the weight ratio between the diluting heat-conductive agent and the catalyst precursor (y/x) is 11.1-50%; and (v) calcination. 1. A heteropoly acid salt catalyst having the following general formula:{'br': None, 'i': x', 'y, 'sub': 12', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f, '(MoPKVDEO)/Z'}wherein,D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, stibium and zinc;E represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, silicon, nickel, palladium, ferrum and plumbum;{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '2, 'Z is a carrier/diluting thermal-conductive agent, which is one selected from the group consisting of SiC, MoO, WO, TiOand ZrO;'}the weight ratio y/x=11.1-50:100;a=0.1-3;b=0.01-5;c=0.01-5;d=0.01-3;e=0.01-2;f is the atom ratio of oxygen balancing the valence for each component described above;wherein, the catalyst is prepared by the following procedures:(i) according to the composition of the heteropoly acid salt catalyst, dissolving molybdenum, ...

OVERPOTENTIAL AND SELECTIVITY IN THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO FUELS

The invention provides a catalyst and method for producing hydrocarbons from a carbon dioxide source comprising carbides, in particular one or more metal carbides. The one or more metal carbides are formed with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, iron, and tantalum. In one embodiment, the one or more metal carbides are nanostructures. In another embodiment, the one or more metal carbide nanostructures are supported by a carbon substrate. In a further embodiment, the one or more metal carbides nanostructures is dimolybdenum carbide. In still another embodiment, the carbon substrate is graphene or graphene oxide. In another embodiment, the dimolybdenum carbide nanostructures are supported by the graphene or graphene oxide substrate. 1. A catalyst for producing hydrocarbons from a carbon dioxide source , comprising: one or more metal carbides.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal carbides are formed with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , iron claim 1 , and tantalum.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal carbides are nano structures.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the one or more metal carbides nanostructures are supported by a carbon substrate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the one or more metal carbides nanostructures is dimolybdenum carbide.6. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the carbon substrate is graphene or graphene oxide.7. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , wherein dimolybdenum carbide nanostructures are supported by the graphene or graphene oxide substrate.8. A method for producing hydrocarbons claim 5 , comprising:forming one or more metal carbide catalysts;exposing the one or more metal carbide catalyst with one or more sources of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming the one or more metal carbides with one or more elements is ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE AND TRIFLUOROACETYL IODIDE

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25° C. to about 400° C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane. 1. A gas-phase process for producing trifluoroiodomethane , the process comprising:providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof;reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25° C. to about 400° C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide; andreacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein in the step of reacting the reactant stream claim 1 , the first reaction temperature is from about 40° C. to about 120° C.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in the step of reacting the reactant stream claim 1 , the reactant stream may be in contact with the first catalyst for a contact time from about 0.1 seconds to about 300 seconds.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein in the providing step claim 1 , the reactant stream comprises less than ...

POROUS IRON-SILICATE WITH RADIALLY DEVELOPED BRANCH, AND IRON-CARBIDE/SILICA COMPOSITE CATALYST PREPARED THEREFROM

The present invention provides an iron-carbide/silica composite catalyst that is highly reactive to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by firstly forming an iron-silicate structure having large specific surface area and well-developed pores through a hydrothermal reaction of an iron salt with a silica particle having a nanostructure, and then activating the iron-silicate structure in a high temperature carbon monoxide atmosphere. When using the iron-carbide/silica composite catalyst according to the present invention in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, it is possible to effectively prepare liquid hydrocarbon with a high CO conversion rate and selectivity. 1. A porous iron-silicate with radially developed branches formed by a hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous solution containing an iron salt hydrate and a silica particle whose a structure has a role as a transformation template.2. The porous iron-silicate of claim 1 , which is termed by a hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous solution containing a silica particle and an iron salt hydrate in basic conditions.3. The porous iron-silicate of claim 1 , wherein the silica particle has a regular-shaped nanostructure.4. A method of preparing a porous iron-silicate with radially developed branches claim 1 , comprising the steps of:(i) heating a silica solution wherein a silica particle is mixed with a basic reagent;(ii) introducing an aqueous solution containing an iron salt hydrate to said heated silica solution; and(iii) decomposing a mixed solution of the iron salt hydrate and silica through a high-temperature hydrothermal reaction to form the porous iron-silicate.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the silica particle has a surface area of 50˜1000 m/g and a pore volume of 0.2˜cm/g.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the basic reagent is sodium hydroxide and the amount of solid sodium hydroxide used is 0.5 to 2 times with respect to the weight of silica.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the silica particle is a silica ...

USE OF CATALYST PREPARED WITH A SUBGROUP VI ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS AND FUELS FROM LIGNIN

A subgroup VI element to prepare a catalyst for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin with the involvement of solvent molecules. The catalytic reaction use a catalyst composed of a molybdenum or tungsten compound as the active phase, with mixing a kind of lignin, a catalyst, and a reactive solvent. An inert or reductive gas such as H2, N2 or Ar is used to purge or fill the reaction vessel. The temperature is above 200° C., the reaction time is sufficient. The liquid product is separated and analyzed; a catalytic process with a very high product yield, up to 90% if calculated accounting the parts from lignin of the product molecules, or up to over 100% if calculated as the mass products. The product includes aromatic compounds, esters, alcohols, monophenols and benzyl alcohols in different ratios according to the composition, the solvent and the other reaction conditions. 1. The characterization of the application of a catalyst prepared with a subgroup VI element for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin is that the lignin , catalyst and solvent were mixed in the sealed reactor. Reductant or inert gas was used to purge the reactor and then the temperature was increased above 200° C. Finally , liquid products were obtained after sufficient reaction time. The solvents employed were deionized water , ethanol or a mixture of water and ethanol with any proportion.2. The characterization of the application of a catalyst prepared with a subgroup VI element for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin in is that the lignin employed includes Kraft lignin claim 1 , alkali lignin claim 1 , Klason lignin claim 1 , enzymatic hydrolysis lignin claim 1 , milled wood lignin and organosolv lignin. The inert gas is nitrogen claim 1 , argon or helium and the reductive gas is hydrogen. The volume fraction of ethanol is 0-100% in the mixture of water and ethanol with any proportion. The liquid products are alcohols claim 1 , esters ...

PROMOTED CARBIDE-BASED FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYST, METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

A precursor for a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst includes a catalyst support, cobalt or iron on the catalyst support and one or more noble metals on the catalyst support, wherein the cobalt or iron is at least partially in the form of its carbide in the as-prepared catalyst precursor, a method for preparing said precursor and the use of said precursor in a Fischer-Tropsch process. 1. A method of preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor comprising: a) at least one cobalt-containing precursor selected from cobalt benzoylacetonate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt cyanide, cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxalate, cobalt oxide, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt acetylacetonate, cobalt carbonyl or a mixture of two or more thereof;', 'b) one or more noble metal precursors; and', 'c) a polar organic compound;, 'depositing a solution or suspension comprisingonto a catalyst support, wherein the catalyst support comprises silica and the surface of the silica is coated with a non-silicon oxide refractory solid oxide; andcalcining the catalyst support onto which the solution or suspension has been deposited in an inert atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the catalyst support onto which the solution or suspension has been deposited before the calcining.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution or suspension contains no water.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert atmosphere contains no oxygen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar organic compound comprises an organic amine claim 1 , organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof claim 1 , an ammonium salt claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , phenoxide claim 1 , alkoxide claim 1 , amino acid claim 1 , compound containing a functional group such as one more hydroxyl claim 1 , amine claim 1 , amide claim 1 , carboxylic acid claim 1 , ester claim 1 , aldehyde claim 1 , ketone claim 1 , imine or imide groups claim 1 , a hydroxyamine claim 1 , trimethylamine claim 1 , triethylamine claim 1 , tetramethylamine ...

METAL CARBIDE/CARBON COMPOSITE BODY HAVING POROUS STRUCTURE BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONNECTION OF CORE-SHELL UNIT PARTICLES, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND USE OF THE COMPOSITE BODY

The present invention relates to a metal carbide/carbon composite body having a porous structure, in which core-shell unit particles are three-dimensionally connected, a preparation method thereof, and the use of the composite body. More specifically, the present invention provides a metal carbide/carbon composite body, a preparation method thereof, and the use of the composite body, wherein the composite body is formed by high-temperature calcination of a metal oxalate hydrate body under a carbon monoxide-containing gas atmosphere, wherein the metal carbide/carbon composite body has a porous structure in which core-shell unit particles are three-dimensionally connected, wherein the core-shell unit particles comprise a metal carbide core formed by thermal decomposition of a metal oxalate hydrate; and a graphitic carbon shell, the product resulting from Boudouard reaction of carbon monoxide, formed on the metal carbide core. 1. A metal carbide/carbon composite body which is formed by high-temperature calcination of a metal oxalate hydrate body having a certain shape under a carbon monoxide-containing gas atmosphere ,wherein the metal carbide/carbon composite body has a porous structure in which core-shell unit particles are three-dimensionally connected,wherein the core-shell unit particles comprise a metal carbide core formed by thermal decomposition of a metal oxalate hydrate; and a graphitic carbon shell, the product resulting from Boudouard reaction of carbon monoxide, formed on the metal carbide core.2. The metal carbide/carbon composite body of claim 1 , wherein the shape of the metal carbide/carbon composite body having a porous structure resembles the shape of a metal oxalate hydrate body.3. The metal carbide/carbon composite body of claim 1 , wherein the average diameter of the metal carbide/carbon composite body having a porous structure is from 1 μm to 100 μm.4. The metal carbide/carbon composite body of claim 1 , wherein the average diameter of the core- ...

SUB-STOICHIOMETRIC METAL NITRIDES

A non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides. 1. A super lubricious apparatus comprising:a substrate;a nanocomposite coating on the substrate, the nanocomposite consisting essentially of a matrix of a catalytically active element embedded in the matrix, the matrix selected from nitrides, borides, carbides, and nitrocarbides of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re and mixtures thereof and the grains selected from the group of transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal carbo-nitrides, transition metal borides, refractory metal carbides, refractory metal nitrides, refractory metal carbo-nitrides, refractory metal borides;a hydrocarbon lubricant; anda carbon film disposed between the nanocomposite coating and the hydrocarbon lubricant.2. The method as defined in wherein the alloy is about 1% to 10% by weight and the particles from about 90% to 99% by weight.3. The method as defined in wherein the substrate is selected from the group of a metal and a ceramic.4. The method as defined in wherein the base material comprises a steel based material.5. The method as defined in wherein the oil is essentially free of additives.6. The method as defined in where the carbon film consists essentially of diamond like carbon.7. The method as defined in where the grains are selected from the group of refractory metal carbides claim 1 , carbo-nitrides claim 1 , nitrides and borides.8. A method for lubricating materials in wear contact claim 1 , comprising the steps of:providing a base material;disposing a nanocomposite coating on the base material, the ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NON-SINTERED TRANSITION METAL CARBIDE AND NITRIDE NANOPARTICLES

Transition metal carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride nanoparticles can be made by transforming metal oxide materials coated in a ceramic material in a controlled environment. The coating prevents sintering while allowing the diffusion of reactive gases through the inorganic matrix that can then alter the metal nanoparticle oxidation state, remove oxygen, or intercalate into the lattice to form a carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride. 1. A composition comprising:a plurality of nanoparticles, each nanoparticle, independently, being a transition metal carbide, transition metal nitride, transition metal boride, transition metal sulfide or transition metal phosphide; andhaving a diameter of less than 10 nanometers.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each nanoparticle has a composition of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': y', 'z', 'w1', '2, 'M1M2M3X1X2\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein each of M1, M2 and M3, independently, is a transition metal element from the group consisting of group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6, 3d block, and f block;and each of X1 and X2, independently, is selected from the group consisting of O, C, N, S, B, and P, at least one of X1 and X2 being C, N, S, B, or P,wherein each of x, y, w1, w2, and z is a number between 0 and 3, where at least one of x, y, z, w1 and w2 is not zero and the combination of x, y, z, w1 and w2 completes the valence requirements of the formula.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the transition metal element include Sc claim 2 , Y claim 2 , La claim 2 , Ce claim 2 , Nd claim 2 , Sm claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Zr claim 2 , Hf claim 2 , V claim 2 , Nb claim 2 , Ta claim 2 , Cr claim 2 , Mo claim 2 , W claim 2 , Mn claim 2 , Fe claim 2 , Co claim 2 , Ni claim 2 , Cu claim 2 , or Zn.43. The composition of any of - claims 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticle is less than 5 nm.53. The composition of any of - claims 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticle is less than 3 nm.63. The composition of any of - claims 1 , ...

Cluster-supporting catalyst and method for producing it

There is provided a catalyst with low-temperature activity, high selectivity, high poisoning resistance and high durability, as well as a method for producing it. A cluster-supporting catalyst having a silicon carbide carrier and precious metal clusters supported on the silicon carbide carrier, and a method for producing the cluster-supporting catalyst that includes sputtering with a precious metal target to generate precious metal clusters, and impacting the generated precious metal clusters on the surface of the silicon carbide carrier to support them on it.

CATALYSTS AND RELATED METHODS FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF H2O2 AND THERMOCATALYTIC REACTANT OXIDATION

Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of HOand use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates. 134-. (canceled)36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the proton donor is a linear alkene.38. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise V claim 35 , Ti claim 35 , Cr claim 35 , Mn claim 35 , Co claim 35 , Cu claim 35 , Zn claim 35 , Mo claim 35 , Nb claim 35 , Ta claim 35 , W claim 35 , Os claim 35 , Re claim 35 , Ir claim 35 , Sn claim 35 , or a combination thereof.39. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal moieties comprise Ti.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the alkene is propylene claim 39 , and the oxidation product is propylene oxide.41. The method of claim 36 , wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the photocatalytic oxidation of the isopropanol produces acetone.43. The method of claim 42 , further comprising hydrogenating the acetone to regenerate the isopropanol.44. The method of claim 35 , wherein the oxidation reaction is an epoxidation reaction.45. The method of claim 44 , wherein the alkene is a cycloalkene.46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the cycloalkene is cyclooctene.47. The method of claim 45 , wherein the proton donor is an alcohol48. The method of claim 35 , wherein the irradiation is intermittent. The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/073,892 filed Mar. 18, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference; which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/136,073, filed on Mar. 20, 2015, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with government support under DE-SC0006718 awarded by the Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.Approximately 3.5 million metric tons of hydrogen ...

Production of acetonitrile and/or hydrogen cyanide from ammonia and methanol

The invention relates to a process for producing a product gas comprising acetonitrile and/or hydrogen cyanide from a feed stream comprising ammonia and methanol over a solid catalyst comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on the support, wherein the first metal and the second metal are in the form of a chemical compound, wherein the first metal is Fe, Ru or Co and the second metal is Sn, Zn, or Ge. The pressure is ambient pressure or higher and the temperature lies in a range from about 400° C. to about 700° C. Thus, the process for producing acetonitrile and/or hydrogen cyanide from ammonia and methanol may be catalyzed by a single catalyst and may be carried out in a single reactor. The invention also relates to a catalyst, a method for activating a catalyst and use of a catalyst for catalysing production of acetonitrile and/or hydrogen cyanide from ammonia and methanol.

Photocatalytic material for splitting oxides of carbon

An embodiment relates to a photocatalytic composite material comprising (a) a first component that generates a photoexcited electron and has at least a certain minimum bandgap to absorb visible light and a structure that substantially prevents the recombination of the photoexcited electron and a hole; (b) a second component that adsorbs/absorbs an oxide of carbon; and (c) a third component that splits the oxide of carbon into carbon and oxygen using the photoexcited electron.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL POROUS ARAMIDS (AEROGELS) AND FABRICATION THEREOF

The present disclosure provides a series of new and improved porous polyamide aerogels derived from multifunctional aromatics that combine the high mechanical strength of aramids with the pore structure of aerogels. The polyamide aerogels have a hyperbranched structure, relatively low density, high porosity and may be derived from functionalized monomers having more aromatic groups than functional groups. The present disclosure also provides a new method for producing the porous polyamide aerogels by polymerizing an aromatic multifunctional carboxylic acid or a ferrocene multifunctional carboxylic acid with a polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate at moderate reaction conditions followed by drying with liquid CO. Also disclosed are various methods of use of these polyamide aerogels in a variety of applications. 2. The ferrocene carboxamide aerogel of having a hyperbranched structure.4. The ferrocene carboxamide aerogel of claim 3 , in which each of the linking bonds on the phenyl rings is attached at the 4-position of its respective phenyl ring.7. The ferrocene carboxamide aerogel of claim 6 , in which each of the linking bonds on the phenyl rings is attached at the 4-position of its respective phenyl ring.8. The ferrocene carboxamide aerogel of obtained by the reaction of 1 claim 6 ,1′-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid with a tris(isocyanato) compound of the formula G(N═C═O) claim 6 , followed by decarboxylation; wherein G represents a group as defined in .9. The ferrocene carboxamide aerogel of wherein the tris(isocyanato) compound is tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane.10. A method for producing a polymeric ferrocene carboxamide aerogel comprising the reaction step of mixing together a multifunctional ferrocene carboxylic acid and a polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate in an anhydrous aprotic solvent.11. The method of wherein the polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate is tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane.12. The method of wherein the multifunctional ferrocene carboxylic acid is 1 ...

METHOD FOR ENGINEERED CELLULAR MAGMATICS FOR FILTER APPLICATIONS AND ARTICLES THEREOF

Methods for engineered cellular magmatic usable as filter media and articles thereof are disclosed. For example, the magmatics may include one or more infiltration materials that are configured not to sinter when a foamed mass is formed. The infiltration materials may be enclosed in cells of the foamed mass and may be floating and/or fixed to the cell walls. 1. An article of manufacture , comprising: a non-crystalline portion; and', 'a crystalline portion that is bound to the non-crystalline portion, in line with the definition of glass ceramics; and, 'a rigid foam mass being composed of at least one silicate based component and havinga reactive material disposed within and enclosed by pores of at least a portion of at least one of the non-crystalline portion or the crystalline portion, the reactive material causing the rigid foam mass to exhibit filtration media properties.2. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the rigid foam mass includes a majoritively open cell structure.3. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the reactive material includes at least one of alumina claim 1 , bauxite claim 1 , sodium aluminate claim 1 , periclase claim 1 , hematite claim 1 , wüstite claim 1 , magnetite claim 1 , enamel claim 1 , zircon claim 1 , zirconium dioxide claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , garnet claim 1 , spinel claim 1 , kaolin claim 1 , clays claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , incinerator ash claim 1 , or pyrolysis ash.4. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the reactive material includes a surface chemistry configured to resist incorporation of the metal oxide material into a wall of the pores.5. An article of manufacture claim 1 , comprising: at least one of a non-crystalline portion or a crystalline portion bound to the non-crystalline portion; and', 'a reactive material disposed within pores of at least a portion of the at least one of the non-crystalline portion or the crystalline portion., 'an engineered foam ...

POROUS SILICON CARBIDE NANOCOMPOSITE STRUCTURE COMPRISING NANOWIRES AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

Provided are a porous silicon carbide nanocomposite structure comprising nanowires that are self-formed, a preparation method thereof, and a catalyst comprising the same, in which the catalyst with excellent activity may be prepared by uniformly supporting a catalytically active component in meso-macro pores and nanowires. 1. A silicon carbide nanocomposite structure comprising:a silicon carbide nanocomposite having a meso-macro pore structure; anda Si—Al—O-based nanowire formed on a surface of and inside the silicon carbide nanocomposite.2. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon carbide nanocomposite structure comprises silicon carbide claim 1 , an inorganic binder claim 1 , and transition metal nanoparticles.3. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the nanowire comprises Si as a main component claim 1 , and Al and O elements.4. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the meso pore has a diameter from 2 to 50 nm and a pore volume is from 0.05 to 2 cm/g.5. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the macro pore has a diameter from 50 to 5 claim 1 ,000 nm and a pore volume is from 0.05 to 20 cm/g.6. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the nanowire has a diameter from 10 to 100 nm.7. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic binder is aluminum oxide claim 1 , silicon oxide claim 1 , or magnesium oxide.8. The silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are nickel or cobalt.9. A method of preparing the silicon carbide nanocomposite structure according to claim 1 , the method comprising:forming a composite comprising silicon carbide, an inorganic binder, and transition metal nanoparticles by treating a mixture comprising a silicon carbide particle, an inorganic binder ...

Transition metal catalyst nanoparticles and uses thereof

The present disclosure is directed to microparticles comprising carbon, wherein a plurality of nanoparticles are supported on the surface of the microparticle. The nanoparticles comprise at least one transition metal compound selected from the group consisting of transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal phosphides, transition metal carbonitrides, transition metal sulfonitrides, transition metal carbosulfides, transition metal phosphocarbides, transition metal phosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfides, transition metal carbosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphosulfonitrides, and interstitial derivatives thereof. The present disclosure is also directed to processes for preparing such microparticles and to polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) that comprise such microparticles, as well as to the use of such PEMs in fuel cells.

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A SYNTHESIS GAS TO HYDROCARBONS

Catalytic process for the partial conversion of a gaseous mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a mixture of hydrocarbons, including bringing the said gaseous mixture into contact with a solid catalyst, the solid catalyst having a porous support with a composite material including SiC and a titanium carbide and/or a titanium oxide, and an active phase. The support is prepared in the form of grains, beads, or extrudates, or in the form of cylinders or sheets of cellular foam. 1. Process of at least partial catalytic conversion of a gaseous mixture containing CO and H2 in a mixture of hydrocarbons , comprising a step of placing said gaseous mixture in contact with a solid catalyst , said solid catalyst comprising:a porous support comprising a composite material comprising SiC and a titanium carbide (composite called “SiC/TiC”) and/or a titanium oxide (composite called “SiC/TiO2”), andan active phase.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material has been prepared by a method including the preparation of a mixture comprising at least one silicon source claim 1 , at least one carbon source and at least one titanium source and optionally binders and forming agents claim 1 , this preparation being followed by at least one heat treatment that is intended to transform said silicon source at least partially into silicon carbide and at least part of said titanium source into titanium carbide claim 1 , said heat treatment preferably being at least partially performed at a temperature of between 1200° C. and 1450° C.3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein said method for preparing said composite material also includes a step of additional oxidation at a temperature of at least 350° C. claim 2 , and preferably at least 400° C. claim 2 , in order to partially or totally transform the titanium carbide into titanium dioxide.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the content of active phase with respect to the total mass of said porous support ...

Desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils, its preparation, and use thereof

Disclosed is a desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils, comprising a support and at least one metal promoter selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese, the support comprising at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of Group IIB, Group VB and Group VIB metals and a refractory inorganic oxide, wherein the support further comprises at least about 5% by weight of vanadium carbide, based on the total weight of the desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils. The desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils shows a good stability, a high desulfurization activity, an excellent abrasion resistance, and a long service life. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils, and use of the catalyst in the desulfurization of sulfur-containing hydrocarbon oils. 1. A desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils , comprising a support and at least one metal promoter selected from the group consisting of cobalt , nickel , iron and manganese , the support comprising at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of Group IIB , Group VB and Group VIB metals and a refractory inorganic oxide , wherein the support further comprises at least about 5% by weight of vanadium carbide , based on the total weight of the desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils.2. The desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils according to claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization catalyst is substantially free of silica.3. The desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils according to claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization catalyst comprises or consists of:1) about 10-80% by weight of the metal oxide;2) about 3-35% by weight of the refractory inorganic oxide;3) about 5-40% by weight of the vanadium carbide; and4) about 5-30% by weight of the metal promoter,based on the total weight of the desulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils.4. The desulfurization catalyst for ...

POROUS MATERIAL, HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF POROUS MATERIAL

A porous material includes aggregates, and a bonding material bonding between the aggregates and including cordierite as a main component, and surfaces of three-phase interfaces in which the aggregates, the bonding material and pores intersect are smoothly bonded. Furthermore, in the porous material, the bonding material may include at least one additive component selected from the group consisting of strontium, yttrium, and zirconium, and a bending strength of the porous material is 5.5 MPa or more, or a honeycomb bending strength of a honeycomb structure using the porous material may be 4.0 MPa or more. 1. A porous material comprising:aggregates; anda bonding material bonding between the aggregates and including cordierite as a main component,wherein surfaces of three-phase interfaces in which the aggregates, the bonding material and pores intersect are smoothly bonded.2. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein the bonding material includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of strontium, yttrium, and zirconium.3. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein a bending strength is 5.5 MPa or more.4. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein at least a part of the aggregate is covered with the bonding material.5. The porous material according to claim 2 ,wherein a total content ratio of the respective components of the strontium, the yttrium and the zirconium to be included in the fired porous material is from 0.2 mass % to 3.0 mass %.6. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein the aggregates contain at least silicon carbide particles or silicon nitride particles.7. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein a total content ratio of alkali components including sodium and potassium to be included in the fired porous material is 0.05 mass % or less.8. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein when a sample for microscope observation which includes the porous material is minor-polished,in an edge ...

Method for Photocatalytic Ozonation Reaction, Catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation and Reactor Containing the Same

The present disclosure relates to a method for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, in which the silicon carbide material is used. By using the silicon carbide material for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, the present disclosure overcomes the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency of silicon carbide, utilizes photogenerated electrons therefrom with strong reducibility to reduce ozone molecules to efficiently produce hydroxyl radicals, so as to improve the oxidation capacity in the process. Whether visible light or ultraviolet light is coupled with ozone, the group has strong catalytic activity, moreover, the silicon carbide has low cost and good stability, which prolongs the life of catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation or device.

A process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and iron-based catalysts for use in the process

In a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of lower alkanes to the corresponding alkenes, a regenerable catalyst comprising iron carbide supported on a carrier is used. A small amount (below 100 ppm) of a sulfur compound, such as H2S, is added during the process.

PROCESS FOR HYDROFORMYLATING SHORT-CHAIN OLEFINS IN THE GAS PHASE

The invention relates to a process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C2 to C5 olefins, in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support of a porous ceramic material, and to plants for performing this process. 1. A process for hydroformylating C2 to C8 olefins in a reaction zone using a heterogenized catalyst system , wherein the process isa gaseous feed mixture containing the C2 to C8 olefins is passed together with synthesis gas over a support composed of a porous ceramic material on which the catalyst system comprising a metal from group 8 or 9 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, at least one organic phosphorus-containing ligand, a stabilizer and optionally an ionic liquid is in heterogenized form; andthe support is a block of a ceramic material, to which a washcoat composed of the same or a different ceramic material with respect to the ceramic material of the support is applied.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous ceramic material of which the support consists is selected from the group consisting of a silicate ceramic claim 1 , an oxidic ceramic claim 1 , a nitridic ceramic claim 1 , a carbidic ceramic claim 1 , a silicidic ceramic and mixtures thereof.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the silicate ceramic is selected from aluminosilicate claim 4 , magnesium silicate claim 4 , and mixtures thereof claim 4 , for example bentonites; the oxidic ceramic is selected from γ-alumina claim 4 , α-alumina claim 4 , titanium dioxide claim 4 , beryllium oxide claim 4 , zirconium oxide claim 4 , aluminium titanate claim 4 , barium titanate claim 4 , zinc oxide claim 4 , iron oxides (ferrites) and mixtures thereof; the nitridic ceramic is selected from silicon nitride claim 4 , boron nitride claim 4 , aluminium nitride and mixtures thereof; the carbidic ceramic is selected from silicon carbide claim 4 , boron carbide claim 4 , tungsten carbide or mixtures thereof; and the silicidic ceramic is molybdenum ...

PROCESS FOR HYDROFORMYLATING SHORT-CHAIN OLEFINS USING A HETEROGENIZED CATALYST SYSTEM WITHOUT IONIC LIQUID

The invention relates to a process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C2 to C5 olefins, in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support of a porous ceramic material, and to plants for performing this process. 1. Process for hydroformylating C2 to C5 olefins , wherein the hydroformylation comprises one or more hydroformylation steps , whereinin at least one hydroformylation step a feed mixture comprising the C2 to C5 olefins is subjected to a hydroformylation with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a metal from group 8 or 9 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, at least one organic phosphorus-containing ligand and a stabilizer, in a reaction zone, wherein the feed mixture and the synthesis gas are passed over a support composed of a porous ceramic material on which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form,the catalyst system does not comprise any ionic liquid; andthe support is a block of a ceramic material, to which a washcoat composed of the same or a different ceramic material with respect to the ceramic material of the support is applied.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a gaseous output comprising at least a portion of the product aldehydes formed and at least a portion of the unconverted olefins is withdrawn continuously from the reaction zone and the gaseous output is subjected to a physical separation step in which the gaseous output is separated into at least one phase rich in unconverted olefins and at least one phase rich in product aldehyde.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous ceramic material of which the support consists is selected from the group consisting of a silicate ceramic claim 1 , an oxidic ceramic claim 1 , a nitridic ceramic claim 1 , a carbidic ceramic claim 1 , a silicidic ceramic and mixtures thereof.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the silicate ceramic is selected from aluminosilicate claim 5 , magnesium silicate claim 5 , and ...

NOVEL IRON-BASED CATALYSTS AND TREATMENT PROCESS THEREFOR FOR USE IN FISCHER-TROPSCH REACTIONS

A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, useful for conversion of synthesis gas to olefins, is prepared from a catalyst precursor composition including iron oxide and an alkali metal on a substantially inert support, and then treated by a process including as ordered steps (1) reduction in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at a pressure of 0.1 to 1 M Pa and a temperature from 280° C. to 450° C.; (2) carburization in a carbon monoxide-containing atmosphere at a pressure from 0.1 to 1 M Pa and a temperature from 200° C. to less than 340° C.; and (3) conditioning in a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing atmosphere at a pressure from 0.1 to 2 MPa and a temperature from 280° C. to 340° C. The resulting catalyst exhibits at least one improvement selected from (1) increased overall activity; (2) reduced break-in time; (3) slowed rate of deactivation; and (4) increased time to onset of deactivation; when compared to an otherwise identical catalyst precursor composition treated by one or some, but not all, of the given steps and/or under different conditions. 1. A process for producing a catalyst comprising sequential steps in order as follows:(1) subjecting a catalyst precursor composition that comprises iron oxide, at least one alkali metal, and optionally, at least one alkaline earth metal,on a particulate support,the iron oxide being present in an amount ranging from 1 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight, based upon the combined weight of iron and the particulate support,the alkali metal being present in an amount ranging from greater than 0 mole percent to 10 mole percent, and the alkaline earth metal being in an amount ranging from 0 mole percent to 10 mole percent, both being based upon moles of iron present in the catalyst precursor,to reduction in a first atmosphere containing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure ranging from 0.1 megapascal to 1 megapascal,at a temperature from 300° C. to 475° C.to form an at least partially reduced catalyst precursor composition;(2) ...

METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING BULK TRANSITION METAL CARBIDE, NITRIDE AND PHOSPHIDE CATALYSTS

A method for synthesizing catalyst beads of bulk transmission metal carbides, nitrides and phosphides is provided. The method includes providing an aqueous suspension of transition metal oxide particles in a gel forming base, dropping the suspension into an aqueous solution to form a gel bead matrix, heating the bead to remove the binder, and carburizing, nitriding or phosphiding the bead to form a transition metal carbide, nitride, or phosphide catalyst bead. The method can be tuned for control of porosity, mechanical strength, and dopant content of the beads. The produced catalyst beads are catalytically active, mechanically robust, and suitable for packed-bed reactor applications. The produced catalyst beads are suitable for biomass conversion, petrochemistry, petroleum refining, electrocatalysis, and other applications. 1. A method of making a catalyst bead comprising:providing an aqueous suspension of transition metal oxide particles in a gel-forming base having a binder;dropping the suspension into an aqueous salt solution to form a gel bead matrix having therein a dispersion of metal oxide particles;heat-treating the gel bead matrix to remove the binder and strengthen the gel bead matrix; andforming at least one of a transition metal carbide bead, a transition metal nitride bead, and a transition metal phosphide catalyst bead by carburizing, nitriding, or phosphiding the gel bead matrix, respectively.2. The method according to wherein the transition metal oxide particles are selected from the group consisting of molybdenum oxide claim 1 , tungsten oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide and mixtures thereof.3. The method according to wherein the gel-forming base includes at least one of sodium alginate claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , carrageenan and gellan.4. The method according to wherein the aqueous salt solution includes at least one of CaCl claim 1 , CoCl claim 1 , NiCl claim 1 , and CuCl.5. The method according to wherein the aqueous salt ...

BORON CARBIDE FIBER REINFORCED ARTICLES

Methods of producing continuous (or discontinuous) boron carbide fibers. The method comprises reacting a continuous or discontinuous carbon fiber material and a boron oxide gas within a temperature range of from approximately 1400° C. to approximately 2200° C. Articles including such partially or fully converted fibers may be provided, including such reinforcing fibers in a matrix of ceramic (a CMC), in metal (a MMC), or other matrix (e.g., polymer, etc.). 1. An article comprising fibers dispersed in a matrix , the fibers having a diameter of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm and comprising at least a boron carbide conversion layer.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises at least one of a ceramic material claim 1 , a refractory carbide material claim 1 , or a metal material.3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of boron carbide claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , titanium diboride claim 1 , titanium carbide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , boron claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , lead claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , titanium aluminide claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of boron carbide claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , titanium diboride claim 1 , titanium carbide claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of boron claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , lead claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , zirconium ...

HEAVY PETROLEUM RESIDUE DERIVED IRON INCORPORATED SP2 CARBON NANOGRANULES FOR IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF LIGHT OLEFINS

Disclosed are spcarbon nanogranules with iron incorporated from heavy petroleum residue of a refinery. The nanogranules may be used for improved synthesis of light olefins (C-C) from syngas in a single step Fischer Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins, (FTO). The efficient iron incorporated carbon nanogranules derived from low value heavy petroleum residue are very attractive as a catalytic system for direct synthesis of light olefin (C-C) from syngas at CO conversion up to 30%. 1. An Iron incorporated spcarbon nanogranules Fe/CNG) catalyst , wherein iron is in the range of 5 to 20 w/w % and iron is in Fe(0) form along with FeC phase.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Fe/CNG contains traces of Fe(II) or Fe(III).3. A process for the preparation of catalyst as claimed in and the process comprising the steps of:i. dissolving heavy petroleum residue in a solvent along with iron precursor to prepare a homogeneous solution;ii. pumping the homogeneous solution as obtained in step (i) at flow range of 0.5 mL/min to 5 mL/min to a quartz reactor tube placed in a furnace and spraying the solution to a reactor tube in presence of nitrogen flow in the range of 100 to 300 mL/min for a time period of 10 minute to 60 minutes to obtain carbon deposited on tube surface;iii. cooling the tube and collecting the carbon deposits from the surface as obtained in step (ii) of the reactor tube followed by washing with solvent to remove any unconverted residue;iv. drying the carbon deposits as obtained in step (iii) and calcining at temperature in the range of 400 to 700° C. for a period in the range of 1 to 6 hours under nitrogen flow at 50 to 150 mL/min to obtain iron incorporated carbon nanogranules (Fe/CNG).4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the heavy petroleum residues used is vacuum residue from refinery consisting of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).5. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the solvent used in step (i or ii) is an aromatic solvent selected ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes contacting an oxygenated compound and hydrogen (H) with a solid catalyst, where the solid catalyst includes a metal carbide that includes a first transition metal, and the contacting converts at least a portion of the oxygenated compound to a deoxygenated compound. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal carbide may include at least one of MoC and/or WC. 1. A method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting an oxygenated compound and hydrogen (H) with a solid catalyst, whereinthe solid catalyst comprises a metal carbide comprising a first transition metal, andthe contacting converts at least a portion of the oxygenated compound to a deoxygenated compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide comprises at least one of MoC or WC.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide is in the form of a nanoparticle having a length dimension between about 1 nm and about 50 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide is substantially in a face centered cubic crystalline phase.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is conducted at a pressure between about 0 psig and about 150 psig.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is performed in a first fixed-bed reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is conducted at a first temperature between about 250° C. and about 500° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated compound comprises a pyrolysis decomposition product.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the oxygenated compound is directed to the first fixed-bed reactor while in a first vapor phase.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the contacting claim 1 , the His present at a partial pressure between about 0.1 bar and about 10 bar.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deoxygenated compound has a carbon number between 2 carbon atoms and 20 carbon atoms inclusively.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deoxygenated ...

METAL CARBIDE BASED CATALYST AND METHOD OF MAKING

A method for making a metal carbide based catalyst for crude oil cracking includes mixing a clay with a phosphorous based stabilizer material to obtain a liquid slurry; adding an aluminosilicate zeolite and an ultrastable Y zeolite to the liquid slurry; adding AlCl(OH)to the liquid slurry; adding metal carbide particles, having a given diameter, to the liquid slurry to obtain a mixture; and spray drying the mixture to obtain the metal carbide based catalyst. The metal carbide particles are coated with the aluminosilicate zeolite and the ultrastable Y zeolite. 1. A method for making a metal carbide based catalyst for crude oil cracking , the method comprising:mixing a clay with a phosphorous based stabilizer material to obtain a liquid slurry;adding an aluminosilicate zeolite and an ultrastable Y zeolite to the liquid slurry;{'sub': 2', '5, 'adding AlCl(OH)to the liquid slurry;'}adding metal carbide particles, having a given diameter, to the liquid slurry to obtain a mixture; andspray drying the mixture to obtain the metal carbide based catalyst,wherein the metal carbide particles are coated with the aluminosilicate zeolite and the ultrastable Y zeolite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide is SiC.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide is TiC.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal carbide is WC.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:adding zirconium oxide beads to the liquid slurry; andball milling the liquid slurry with the zirconium oxide beads.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:separating the zirconium oxide beads from the mixture before the step of spray drying.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps are performed one after another.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate zeolite is Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 catalyst.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the given diameter of the metal carbide particles is between 1 and 1000 nm.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clay is Kaolin and the ...

BINARY CATALYST BASED SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION FILTER

Catalytic cores for a wall-flow filter include juxtaposed channels extending longitudinally between an inlet side and an outlet side of the core, wherein the inlet channels are plugged at the outlet side and outlet channels are plugged at the inlet side. Longitudinal walls forming the inlet and outlet channels separate the inlet channels from the outlet channels. The walls include pores that create passages extending across a width of the walls from the inlet channels to the outlet channels. Catalysts are distributed across the width and length of the walls within internal surfaces of the pores in a manner such that the loading of each catalyst across the width varies by less than 50% from an average loading across the width. 1. A catalytic core for a wall-flow filter , comprising:a plurality of juxtaposed channels extending longitudinally between an inlet side and an outlet side of the catalytic core, wherein inlet channels are plugged at the outlet side and outlet channels are plugged at the inlet side;longitudinal walls forming the inlet and outlet channels, wherein the walls separate the inlet channels from the outlet channels, wherein the walls comprise pores creating passages extending across a width of the walls from the inlet channels to the outlet channels; andone or more catalysts, wherein each catalyst is distributed across the width and length of the walls within internal surfaces of the pores, wherein a loading of each catalyst across the width varies by less than 50% from an average loading across the width.2. The catalytic core of claim 1 , wherein the loading of each catalyst across the width varies by less than a value selected from the group consisting of 40% and 30%.3. The catalytic core of claim 1 , wherein each catalyst is distributed on the internal pore surfaces of the walls within a weight percent range selected from the group consisting of greater than 80% by weight claim 1 , greater than 70% by weight claim 1 , greater than 60% by weight ...

NOBLE METAL MONOLAYER SHELL COATINGS ON TRANSITION METAL CERAMIC NANOPARTICLE CORES

Nanoparticles comprising a core including transition metal carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride and a noble metal shell can be made by transforming metal oxide core/noble metal shell materials coated in a ceramic material in a controlled environment. The noble metal shell can be a single monolayer. The self-assembly of metal carbide nanoparticles coated with atomically-thin noble metal monolayers results in a highly active, stable, and tunable catalytic platform. 1. A composition comprising:a plurality of nanoparticles, each nanoparticle, independently, including a core comprising a transition metal ceramics and a shell comprising a noble metal.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal ceramics includes a transition metal carbide claim 1 , transition metal nitride claim 1 , transition metal boride claim 1 , transition metal sulfide or transition metal phosphide.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell is a monolayer.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal ceramics has a composition of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', 'w1', 'w2, 'M1M2M3X1X2\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein each of M1, M2 and M3, independently, is a transition metal element from the group consisting of group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6, 3d block, and f block;and each of X1 and X2, independently, is selected from the group consisting of O, C, N, S, B, and P, at least one of X1 and X2 being C, N, S, B, or P,wherein each of x, y, w1, w2, and z is a number between 0 and 3, where at least one of x, y, z, w1 and w2 is not zero and the combination of x, y, z, w1 and w2 completes the valence requirements of the formula.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the transition metal element includes Sc claim 4 , Y claim 4 , La claim 4 , Ce claim 4 , Nd claim 4 , Sm claim 4 , Ti claim 4 , Zr claim 4 , Hf claim 4 , V claim 4 , Nb claim 4 , Ta claim 4 , Cr claim 4 , Mo claim 4 , W claim 4 , Mn claim 4 , Fe claim 4 , Co claim 4 , Ni claim 4 , Cu claim 4 ...

CATALYST FOR PREPARING PHOSGENE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING PHOSGENE USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing phosgene and a method for preparing phosgene using the catalyst. Said method comprises: modifying the surface of an activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst using an alkali metal salt; filling the catalysts having different thickness of the activated carbon coating and different amount of the alkali metal salt in different sections in the axial direction of the multi-tubular reactor of the fixed bed, and preparing phosgene using Cland CO. The radial and axial temperature difference of the catalyst bed is lowered by using the alkali metal salt-modified activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst and by segmental filling, so that high temperature of tube wall is obtained in the case of a larger tube diameter, and high quality of steam is obtained stably. 1. A catalyst for preparing phosgene , wherein said catalyst is an alkali metal salt-modified activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst , and the activated carbon coating has the thickness of 0˜800 μm , preferably 0.1˜300 μm.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein: the amount of said alkali metal salt is 0.01˜100 g/L claim 1 , preferably 0.3˜30 g/L claim 1 , based on the volume of the catalyst.3. The catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein: said alkali metal salt is one or more selected from chlorides claim 2 , nitrates and sulfates claim 2 , preferably sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride.4. A method for preparing the catalyst of claim 1 , wherein: immersing the activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst in 0.5˜2 mol/L claim 1 , preferably 0.8˜1.5 mol/L of the aqueous solution of the alkali metal salt claim 1 , taking the catalyst out and drying; calcining the dried catalyst at 400˜500° C. for 1˜2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere claim 1 , thereby obtaining the alkali metal salt-modified activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE CATALYST FOR HYDRODEOXYGENATION

The present disclosure relates to a molybdenum carbide catalyst used in a process for preparing hydrocarbons, in particular diesel-grade hydrocarbons, from biooils and fatty acids released therefrom through hydrodeoxygenation and a method for preparing same. 1. A molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation , comprising molybdenum in the molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst.2. The molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation according to claim 1 , wherein the molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst comprises 15-20 wt % of molybdenum.3. The molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation according to claim 1 , wherein the molybdenum carbide is supported on a carbon support.4. The molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon support is a porous support having a surface area of 100-1 claim 3 ,000 m/g.5. The molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon support comprises activated charcoal claim 3 , mesoporous carbon claim 3 , graphite claim 3 , carbon nanotube claim 3 , graphene claim 3 , fullerene or a mixture thereof.6. A method for preparing the molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising:dissolving a molybdenum precursor in a solvent, adding a carbon support to prepare a suspension and obtaining a carbon support on which molybdenum oxide particles are supported by supercritical solvent thermal synthesis; andconverting the molybdenum oxide particles supported on the carbon support to molybdenum carbide in a continuous reactor to obtain the molybdenum carbide-supported catalyst.7. The preparation method according to claim 6 , wherein a supercritical solvent used in the supercritical solvent thermal synthesis is a C-Calcohol.8. The preparation method according to claim 6 , wherein the molybdenum precursor is molybdenyl acetylacetonate claim 6 , molybdenum hexacarbonyl or molybdenum ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE AND TRIFLUOROACETYL IODIDE

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25° C. to about 400° C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane. 1. A composition comprising:at least 99 wt. % of trifluoroiodomethane;less than 500 ppm hexafluoroethane;less than 500 ppm trifluoromethane;less than 100 ppm carbon monoxide;less than 1 ppm hydrogen chloride; andfrom 1 ppm to 500 ppm in total of compounds selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl fluoride, hexafluoropropanone, trifluoroacetaldehyde, and trifluoroacetyl chloride.2. The composition of comprising:at least 99.5 wt. % of trifluoroiodomethane;less than 250 ppm hexafluoroethane;less than 250 ppm trifluoromethane;less than 50 ppm carbon monoxide;less than 0.5 ppm hydrogen chloride; andfrom 1 ppm to 250 ppm in total of compounds selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl fluoride, hexafluoropropanone, trifluoroacetaldehyde, and trifluoroacetyl chloride.3. The composition of comprising:at least 99.7 wt. % of trifluoroiodomethane;less than 100 ppm hexafluoroethane;less than 100 ppm trifluoromethane;less than 20 ppm carbon monoxide;less than 0.2 ppm hydrogen chloride; andfrom 1 ppm to 100 ppm in total of compounds selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl fluoride, hexafluoropropanone, trifluoroacetaldehyde, and trifluoroacetyl chloride.4. The composition of comprising:at ...

Magnetically separable iron-based heterogeneous catalysts for dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines

The present invention discloses an iron-based nitrogen doped graphene catalyst, process for preparation thereof and use of said catalyst in oxidant-free catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines to the corresponding carbonyl compounds, amines and N-heterocylic compounds with extraction of molecular hydrogen as the only by-product.

COMPOSITE MATERIAL, ELECTRODE FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, ELECTRODE TERMINAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, SUBSTRATE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND BONDING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUBSTRATE BY BONDING SPLIT PARTS TOGETHER WITH BONDING MATERIAL (AS AMENDED)

Provided are a composite material that has lower volume resistivity in comparison with SiC, SiC—Si, and the like, which are materials for forming constituent elements of an EHC, has low temperature dependence of volume resistivity, and thus is able to form a constituent element of a high-performance EHC; an electrode film, an electrode terminal, and a honeycomb substrate that are constituent elements of an EHC formed with such composite material, and a method for producing them. The composite material contains MoSiand at least one of Si or SiC, and is a material for forming a constituent element of an electrically heated catalytic converter. An electrode film , an electrode terminal , and a substrate are produced from such composite material. 110.-. (canceled)11. An electrode film provided on a surface of a honeycomb substrate with a catalyst coating layer , the electrode film being formed of a composite material comprising MoSiand at least one of Si or SiC , the electrode film being a constituent element of an electrically heated catalytic converter.12. The electrode film according to claim 11 , wherein a content of MoSiis greater than 35 mass %.13. An electrode terminal provided on a surface of a honeycomb substrate with a catalyst coating layer claim 11 , the electrode terminal being formed of a composite material comprising MoSiand at least one of Si or SiC claim 11 , the electrode terminal being a constituent element of an electrically heated catalytic converter.14. The electrode terminal according to claim 13 , wherein a content of MoSiis greater than 35 mass %.15. A method for producing an electrode film claim 13 , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'producing slurry from mixed powder, an organic binder, and a solvent, the mixed powder containing MoSipowder and at least one of Si powder or SiC powder;'}coating a surface of a substrate with the slurry;degreasing the solvent; andbaking the slurry to produce an electrode film.16. A method for producing an electrode ...

HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE AND ELECTIC HEATING SUPPORT USING THE HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

A honeycomb structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes: partition walls defining cells each extending from a first end surface of the honeycomb structure to a second end surface thereof to form a fluid flow path; and an outer peripheral wall. The partition walls and the outer peripheral wall are each formed of ceramics containing silicon carbide and silicon. A surface of the silicon has formed thereon an oxide film having a thickness of from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm. 1. A honeycomb structure , comprising:partition walls defining cells each extending from a first end surface of the honeycomb structure to a second end surface thereof to form a fluid flow path; andan outer peripheral wall,wherein the partition walls and the outer peripheral wall are each formed of ceramics containing silicon carbide and silicon, andwherein a surface of the silicon has formed thereon an oxide film having a thickness of from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm.2. A honeycomb structure , comprising:partition walls defining cells each extending from a first end surface of the honeycomb structure to a second end surface thereof to form a fluid flow path; andan outer peripheral wall,wherein the partition walls and the outer peripheral wall are each formed of ceramics containing silicon carbide and silicon, andwherein the honeycomb structure has a content of cristobalite of 1.0 mass % or more.3. The honeycomb structure according to claim 1 , wherein the honeycomb structure has a thermal expansion coefficient of from 4.00 ppm/K to 5.30 ppm/K.4. The honeycomb structure according to claim 3 , wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the honeycomb structure is from 4.00 ppm/K to 4.60 ppm/K.5. The honeycomb structure according to claim 4 , wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the honeycomb structure is from 4.20 ppm/K to 4.35 ppm/K.6. The honeycomb structure according to claim 1 ,wherein the thickness of the oxide film is from 0.1 μm to 0.2 μm, andwherein the honeycomb ...

PROCESS

The present invention provides a process for producing a gaseous product comprising hydrogen, said process comprising exposing a gaseous hydrocarbon to microwave radiation in the presence of a solid catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one iron species supported on a support comprising a ceramic material or carbon, or a mixture thereof. Also provided are a heterogeneous mixture comprising a solid catalyst in intimate mixture with a gaseous hydrocarbon wherein the catalyst comprises at least one iron species supported on a support comprising a ceramic material or carbon, or mixture thereof. Also provided are the use of said mixture to produce hydrogen, a microwave reactor comprising said mixture and a a fuel cell module comprising a (i) a fuel cell and (ii) a heterogeneous mixture as described herein, and a vehicle or electronic device comprising said fuel cell module. 1. A process for producing a gaseous product comprising hydrogen , said process comprising exposing a gaseous hydrocarbon to microwave radiation in the presence of a solid catalyst ,wherein the catalyst comprises at least one iron species supported on a support comprising a ceramic material or carbon, or a mixture thereof.2. A process according to wherein the iron species is selected from an elemental iron claim 1 , an iron alloy claim 1 , an iron oxide claim 1 , an iron carbide and an iron hydroxide.3. A process according to any one of and wherein the iron species is selected from elemental Fe claim 1 , an iron oxide claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.4. A process according to any preceding claim wherein the at least one iron species consists of a mixture of elemental metals claim 1 , metal oxides or mixtures thereof.5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the support comprises a ceramic material.6. A process according to wherein the ceramic material is a non-oxygenated ceramic.7. A process according to wherein ceramic material is selected from the group consisting ...

COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING AN ELECTRIDE COMPOUND

A process for preparing a composite material comprising an electride compound and an additive, said process comprising (i) providing a composition comprising the additive and a precursor compound of the electride compound, wherein the precursor compound comprises an oxidic compound of the garnet group, and wherein the additive has a boiling temperature which is higher than the melting temperature of the precursor compound; (ii) heating the composition provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive, obtaining the composite material. 120-. (canceled)21. A process for preparing a composite material comprising an electride compound and an additive , said process comprising(i) providing a composition comprising the additive and a precursor compound of the electride compound, wherein the precursor compound comprises an oxidic compound of the garnet group, and wherein the additive has a boiling temperature which is higher than the melting point of the precursor compound;(ii) heating the composition provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive, obtaining the composite material.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , heating the composition under plasma forming conditions comprises heating the composition in an electric arc claim 21 , wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , the composition provided in (i) is heated to a temperature above the Tamman temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive claim 21 , preferably Wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , the composition provided in (i) is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive.23. The ...

Exhaust purification catalyst, exhaust emissin control device for internal combustion engine, and exhaust gas purification filter

Provided are an exhaust purification catalyst which purifies an exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine and in which high catalytic activity at a low temperature and high durability at a high temperature are compatible with each other, and an exhaust emission control device for the internal combustion engine in which the exhaust purification catalyst is used. The exhaust purification catalyst is a catalyst in which a noble metal particle is carried on a surface of a silicon carbide particle. The catalyst is a noble-metal-carrying silicon carbide particle ( 1 ) in which a noble metal particle ( 3 ) is carried on a surface of a silicon carbide particle ( 2 ) in a state of being coated with an oxide layer ( 4 ).

Method to Produce Catalytically Active Nanocomposite Coatings

A nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides. 1. A method for lubricating materials in wear contact , comprising the steps of:providing a base material;disposing a nanocomposite coating on the base material, the nanocomposite a microstructural matrix of a catalytically active alloy with grains embedded in the microstructural, and the grains selected from the group of transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal carbo-nitrides, transition metal borides, refractory metal carbides, refractory metal nitrides, refractory metal carbo-nitrides, refractory metal borides;disposing an oil on the nanocomposite coating;engaging the nanocomposite coating with a surface, the oil disposed therebetween;forming a carbon film disposed between the coating and the surface, thereby lubricating the nanocomposite coating.2. The method as defined in wherein the alloy is about 1% to 10% by weight and the grains from about 90% to 99% by weight.3. The method as defined in wherein the base material is selected from the group of a metal and a ceramic.4. The method as defined in wherein the base material comprises a steel based material.5. The method as defined in wherein the oil is essentially free of additives.6. The method as defined in where the carbon film consists essentially of diamond like carbon.7. The method as defined in where the grains are selected from the group of refractory metal carbides claim 1 , carbo-nitrides claim 1 , nitrides and borides.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cracking carbon bonds of the oil after enging the nanocomposite with the surface.9. The ...

SILICON CARBIDE POROUS BODY, HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE, ELECTRICALLY HEATED CATALYST, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SILICON CARBIDE POROUS BODY

A silicon carbide porous body contains β-SiC particles, Si particles, and metal silicide particles. The maximum particle diameter of the β-SIC particles is not smaller than 15 μm. The content of the Si particles is not lower than 10 mass %. The maximum particle diameter of the Si particles is not larger than 40 μm. Further, an oxide coating film having a thickness not smaller than 0.01 μm and not larger than 5 μm is provided on surfaces of the Si particles. 1. A silicon carbide porous body , containing:β-SiC particles;Si particles; andmetal silicide particles,wherein the maximum particle diameter of said β-SiC particles is not smaller than 15 μm,the content of said Si particles is not lower than 10 mass %,the maximum particle diameter of said Si particles is not larger than 40 μm, andan oxide coating film having a thickness not smaller than 0.01 μm and not larger than 5 μm is provided on surfaces of said Si particles.2. The silicon carbide porous body according to claim 1 , whereinthe content of said metal silicide particles is not lower than 5 mass %, andthe maximum particle diameter of said metal silicide particles is not larger than 20 μm.3. The silicon carbide porous body according to claim 1 , further containing:one or more kinds of Al and B.4. The silicon carbide porous body according to claim 1 , whereinsaid metal silicide particles are nickel silicide.5. The silicon carbide porous body according to claim 1 , whereinthe volume resistivity thereof at a room temperature is not lower than 0.01 Ω·cm and lower than 1.0 Ω·cm.6. The silicon carbide porous body according to claim 1 , whereinthe change rate of the volume resistivity thereof after exposing the silicon carbide porous body to an atmosphere at 950° C. for 50 hours is not higher than 100%.7. A honeycomb structure claim 1 , comprising:a cylindrical outer wall; anda partition wall partitioning the inside of said cylindrical outer wall into a plurality of cells,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1 ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING METAL CATALYST-SUPPORTED POROUS SILICON CARBIDE STRUCTURE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a metal catalyst (Ni, Co, etc.)-supported porous silicon carbide structure having meso- to macro-sized pores, high porosity and superior mechanical properties. Unlike the existing method wherein a porous silicon carbide structure is prepared and then the metal catalyst is infiltrated therein, the preparation of the porous silicon carbide structure and the supporting of the metal catalyst occur at the same time by the mixing metal catalyst material and starting materials. As a result, the metal catalyst is distributed uniformly in the porous silicon carbide structure and it is possible to locate a desired amount of the metal catalyst inside the porous silicon carbide structure. 1. A method for preparing a metal catalyst-supported porous silicon carbide structure , comprising:preparing a first solution wherein a carbon source is dispersed in a solvent, a second solution wherein a silicon source is dispersed in a solvent and a third solution wherein a metal catalyst precursor is dissolved;preparing a slurry by preparing a fourth solution comprising the carbon source on which a metal catalyst derived from the metal catalyst precursor is supported by providing the third solution to the first solution and mixing the same and then adding the second solution to the fourth solution and mixing the same;obtaining a powder wherein the metal catalyst-supported carbon source is coated on the surface of the silicon source by granulating the slurry;forming a preform of a predetermined shape from the powder;primarily heat-treating the preform;obtaining a preform infiltrated with a phenolic resin and carbon black by immersing the heat-treated preform in an infiltration solution wherein a phenolic resin and carbon black are dispersed and then drying the same; andsecondarily heat-treating the preform infiltrated with the phenolic resin and the carbon black.2. The method for preparing a metal catalyst-supported porous silicon ...

OXYGEN-FREE DIRECT CONVERSION OF METHANE AND CATALYSTS THEREFOR

A process of methane catalytic conversion produces olefins, aromatics, and hydrogen under oxygen-free, continuous flowing conditions. Such a process has little coke deposition and realizes atom-economic conversion. Under the conditions encountered in a fixed bed reactor (i.e. reaction temperature: 750-1200° C.; reaction pressure: atmospheric pressure; the weight hourly space velocity of feed gas: 1000-30000 ml/g/h; and fixed bed), conversion of methane is 8-50%. The selectivity of olefins is 30-90%. And selectivity of aromatics is 10-70%. The catalyst for this methane conversion has a SiO-based matrix having active species that are formed by confining dopant metal atoms in the lattice of the matrix. 1. A catalyst , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a matrix of SiO, Si3N4, SiC, SiCxOy (in which 4x+2y=4), SiOyNz (in which 2y+3z=4), SiCxNz (in which 4x+3z=4), or SiCxOyNz (in which 4x+2y+3z=4), one or more embedded metal dopants confined in the matrix,'}a plurality of active species, each of the plurality of active species is formed by replacing a Si, C, O, or N atom in the matrix with an atom of metal dopant,wherein an amount of the embedded metal dopant ranges from 0.001 wt % to 5 wt % to of a total weight of the catalyst, wherein x ranges from 0 to 1, y ranges from 0 to 2, and z ranges from 0 to 4/3, wherein the embedded metal dopant is selected from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Ce, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, In, Sn, Pb, Bi, Mn, Ru, Pt, Au, and mixtures thereof.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more metals or metal compounds supported on a surface of the matrix claim 1 , wherein the supported metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides claim 1 , metal carbides claim 1 , metal nitrides claim 1 , metal silicides claim 1 , and metal silicates.3. The catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the supported metal or the metal in the supported metal compound ...

Honeycomb fired body, honeycomb filter, and method for producing honeycomb fired body

Provided is a honeycomb fired body in which the pressure loss in the initial state where PM has not accumulated is sufficiently low, the strength is sufficiently high, and the heat capacity is not small. The honeycomb fired body of the present invention is a honeycomb fired body including a plurality of cells in each of which one end is plugged and which serve as channels of exhaust gas, and porous cell partition walls that define the cells, wherein the honeycomb fired body is formed of SiC, the plurality of cells include peripheral cells located at an outermost peripheral region of the honeycomb fired body and inner cells located more inward than the peripheral cells, all the inner cells have the same cross-sectional shape that is a rectangle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof, each peripheral cell is defined by the cell partition walls and an outer wall forming a periphery of the honeycomb fired body, the cell partition walls in contact with the outer wall each have a thick wall region where the wall thickness gradually increases toward the outer wall, the cross-sectional shape of the peripheral cells in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof is a shape formed by reducing the rectangular cross-sectional shape of the inner cells to obtain a reduced rectangle and chamfering or rounding two corners of the reduced rectangle, the cross-sectional area of each peripheral cell in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof is 60 to 80% of the cross-sectional area of each inner cell in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof, the cell partition walls include inter-peripheral-cell cell partition walls each located between the peripheral cells and inter-inner-cell cell partition walls each located between the inner cells, and the minimum thickness of the inter-peripheral-cell cell partition walls is greater than the thickness of the inter-inner-cell cell partition walls.

COPPER NANOPARTICLE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

The present invention relates to a low-temperature sinterable copper particle material prepared using an electride and an organic copper compound and a preparation method therefor and, more particularly, to a copper nanoparticle which can be useful as a conductive copper ink material thanks to its small size and high dispersibility, and a method for preparing the copper nanoparticle by reducing an organic copper compound with an electride as a reducing agent. The present invention provides copper nanoparticles which can be suitably used as a conductive copper nanoink material because the copper nanoparticles show the restrained oxidation of the copper, have an average particle diameter of around 5 nm to cause the depression of melting point, are of high dispersibility, and allow the removal of the electride in a simple ultrasonication process. The prepared copper nanoparticles can be useful as an oxidation preventing protector or conductive copper ink material which is small in particle size and high in dispersibility. 1. A reducer for reducing an organic copper compound to copper nanoparticles , the reducer comprising at least one electride represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 4 below:{'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'MC(M: Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, or Ho)\u2003\u2003;'}{'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'XN(X: Ca, Sr, or Ba)\u2003\u2003;'}{'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'HfZ(Z: S or Se)\u2003\u2003; and'}{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, 'C12A7(12CaO.7AlO)\u2003\u2003.'}2. The reducer according to claim 1 , wherein a form of the electride is a bulk claim 1 , a single crystal claim 1 , or a thin film.3. The reducer according to claim 1 , wherein the organic copper compound is one selected from a group consisting of Cu(CHCOO) claim 1 , CuCl claim 1 , Cu(NO) claim 1 , and CuSO.4. A method of manufacturing copper nanoparticles by reducing an organic copper compound using at least one electride represented by Chemical Formulas 1 ...

METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING NANO-SIZED TUNGSTEN PARTICLES BY SOL-GEL PROCESS AND METHOD OF PREPARING LIGHT OIL FROM EXTRA-HEAVY OIL USING THE SYNTHESIZED NANO-SIZED TUNGSTEN PARTICLES

Disclosed is a method of synthesizing nano-sized tungsten-silica core-shell particles by a silica-based sol-gel process. According to the method, tungsten-silica nanoparticles are very easy to synthesize by a simple process at ambient pressure and temperature. In addition, tungsten oxide-silica (WO@SiO) nanoparticles including tungsten in a stable oxidation state can be synthesized. In the tungsten oxide-silica nanoparticles, the size of the tungsten protected with the silica shell can be maintained in the nanometer range without further processing. Also disclosed is a method of synthesizing nano-sized tungsten oxide (WO) and tungsten carbide (WC) particles by further processing of the tungsten-silica core-shell particles. 1. A method of synthesizing tungsten-silica nanoparticles: comprising (a) dissolving a tungsten precursor and a surfactant in an organic solvent to obtain a mixture solution; (b) dissolving water , aqueous ammonia , and a silica precursor in the mixture solution to synthesize tungsten oxide-silica core-shell nanoparticles; and (c) dispersing the mixture solution containing the tungsten oxide-silica core-shell nanoparticles in a solvent to precipitate the tungsten oxide-silica core-shell nanoparticles and drying the precipitates.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising annealing the tungsten oxide-silica nanoparticles at a temperature of 400 to 500° C. in an oxygen or air atmosphere for complete oxidation.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising annealing the tungsten oxide-silica nanoparticles at a temperature of 700 to 900° C. in a 10-30% (v/v) CH/Hatmosphere.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reducing the tungsten oxide-silica nanoparticles in an aqueous solution containing a small amount of sodium borohydride (NaBH).5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the reduction is performed with continuous stirring until hydrogen gas is no longer evolved or by annealing at a high temperature in a ...

CATALYTIC COATINGS, METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Described herein are coatings. The coatings can, for example, catalyze carbon gasification. In some examples, the coatings comprise: a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof; a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is independently Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and Z is independently Si, C, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the coatings further comprise a rare earth element, a rare earth oxide, or a combination thereof. 1. A coating comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '9, 'a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof;'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is independently Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and Z is independently Si, C, or a combination thereof; and'}a rare earth element, a rare earth oxide, or a combination thereof.2. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the second region comprises Mn in an amount of from 3 wt % to 15 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the second region.3. (canceled)4. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the second region comprises Si in an amount of from 1 wt % to 10 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the second region.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. A coating comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '9, 'a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof; and'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is ...

CATALYST SUPPORTS MADE FROM SILICON CARBIDE COVERED WITH TIO2 FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

Catalysts supports and catalysts capable of being used in heterogeneous catalysis. The catalyst support belongs to the porous supports based on silicon carbide (SiC), in particular, based on β-SiC, modified by a surface deposit of TiO. 125-. (canceled)26. Use , for a Fischer-Tropsch reaction , of an SiC-based catalyst support at least partially covered with TiOcapable of being obtained by a preparation method comprising:providing a highly porous β-SiC support;{'sub': '2', 'preparing a solution of at least one TiOprecursor;'}impregnating said highly porous β-SiC support by said solution;drying said impregnated highly porous β-SiC support; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'calcining said impregnated highly porous β-SiC support in order to transform said TiOprecursor into TiO.'}27. The use of claim 26 , wherein said highly porous β-SiC support is in the form of extrudates claim 26 , pellets claim 26 , beads claim 26 , microbeads or cellular foam.28. The use of claim 26 , wherein a specific surface of said highly porous β-SiC support is at least 20 m/g.29. The use of claim 28 , wherein a microporous contribution to the specific surface of said highly porous β-SiC support is less than 5 m/g.30. The use of claim 26 , wherein said calcination is performed at a temperature of between 500° C. and 900° C.31. The use of claim 30 , wherein claim 30 , in said calcination claim 30 , a temperature increase is produced with a gradient of between 1.5° C./min and 2.5° C./min.32. The use of claim 26 , wherein claim 26 , in said catalyst support claim 26 , a TiO/SiC mass ratio is between 8% and 13%.337. The use of claim claim 26 , wherein claim 26 , in said catalyst support claim 26 , a TiOcontent is less than 0.009 g per mof a specific surface of the highly porous β-SiC support.34. A method for catalytic conversion of CO and hydrogen into hydrocarbons claim 26 , and which involves a catalyst obtained by a deposition of an active phase on an SiC-based catalyst support at least partially covered with ...

MULTILAYER COATED PARTICLE FILTER

A porous ceramic substrate for use as a particle filter, with a porosity of at least 50%, which includes a non-uniform coating layer of an oxide component in contact with a surface of the ceramic substrate, which oxide component is distributed on the surface and in dead-end pores of the ceramic substrate and creates the non-uniform coating layer on the substrate support, wherein the coating layer has a substantially smooth surface. Such substrate is typically a particle filter or part of a particle filter, e.g. a DPF. 133-. (canceled)34. A porous ceramic substrate comprising:a porous substrate support with a porosity of at least 50% v/v, wherein the porosity is measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry according to DIN 66133, which support further comprises a) a first non-uniform coating layer of an oxide component in contact with a surface of the substrate support, wherein the oxide component is selected from alumina, titania, silica, ceria, zirconia, niobium oxide, praseodymium oxide or mixtures thereof, which oxide component is distributed on the surface of the substrate support and in dead-end pores of the substrate support and creates the non-uniform coating layer on the substrate support, wherein the first coating layer has a smooth surface and b) a second coating layer of a SCR catalytic active material in direct contact with the smooth surface of the first coating layer.35. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component includes nano particles having a mean diameter in the range from 1 nm to 900 nm.36. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component is present in the amount per volume of 20-100 grams of oxide component/liter of substrate.37. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 34 , wherein the oxide component is distributed on at least 80% of the whole surface of the substrate support and in dead-end pores of the substrate support.38. The porous ceramic substrate of claim 37 , wherein the oxide component is ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR CONVERSION OF SULFUR TRIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESS

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition for conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide and oxygen comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of transitional metal oxide, mixed transitional metal oxide, and combinations thereof; and a support material selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, zirconia, carbides, and combinations thereof. The subject matter also relates to a process for the preparation of the catalyst composition for conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide and oxygen. 1. A catalyst composition for conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide and oxygen comprising:an active material selected from the group consisting of transitional metal oxide, mixed transitional metal oxide, and combinations thereof; anda support material selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, zirconia, carbides, and combinations thereof, wherein the active material to the support material weight ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 25 wt %.2. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transitional metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.3. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting oxides of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.4. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is mixed transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting of binary oxide claim 1 , a ternary oxide claim 1 , and a spinel.5. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cu.6. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cr.7. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Fe.8. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is a binary oxide of Cu claim 1 , and Fe in the ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF SULFUR TRIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

The present disclosure relates to a process for decomposition of sulfuric acid, particularly a process for catalytically decomposing sulfuric acid, to obtain sulfur dioxide therefrom. In the present process, catalysts play a major role for improving the dissociation efficiency by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction. 1. A process for conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide and oxygen comprising , the process comprising;placing a catalyst composition in a reactor, wherein the catalyst composition comprises an active material selected from the group consisting of transitional metal oxide, mixed transitional metal oxide, and combinations thereof; and a support material selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, zirconia, carbides, and combinations thereof, wherein the active material to the support material weight ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 25 wt %;passing a flow of sulphur trioxide in the presence of an optionally used carrier gas over the catalyst composition at a temperature of 700° C.-900° C.; andrecovering stream comprising of sulphur trioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxygen, water, and the optionally used carrier gas.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transitional metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting oxides of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is mixed transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting of binary oxide claim 1 , a ternary oxide claim 1 , and a spinel.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cu.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cr.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Fe.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ...

POROUS MATERIAL, HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING POROUS MATERIAL

There is disclosed a porous material which has an improved thermal shock resistance. The porous material contains aggregates and a composite binder. The composite binder includes glass as a binder and mullite particles as reinforcing particles, and the mullite particles are dispersed in the glass. The aggregates are connected to each other by the composite binder in a state where pores are formed in the porous material. Preferably, a lower limit of a percentage of a content of the composite binder to a total mass of the aggregates and composite binder is 12 mass %, and an upper limit of the percentage of the content of the composite binder to the total mass of the aggregates and composite binder is 50 mass %. Preferably, the glass contains MgO, AlOand SiOand further contains at least one selected from a group consisting of NaO, KO and CaO. 1. A porous material comprising:aggregates; anda composite binder which includes glass as a binder and mullite particles as reinforcing particles such that the mullite particles are dispersed in the glass,wherein the aggregates are bound together by the composite binder in a state where pores are formed in the porous material.2. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein a lower limit of a percentage of a content of the composite binder to a total mass of the aggregates and composite binder is 12 mass %, and an upper limit of the percentage of the content of the composite binder to the total mass of the aggregates and composite binder is 50 mass %.3. The porous material according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the glass contains MgO, AlOand SiOand further contains at least one that is selected from a group consisting of NaO, KO and CaO.'}4. The porous material according to claim 2 ,{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the glass contains MgO, AlOand SiOand further contains at least one that is selected from a group consisting of NaO, KO and CaO.'}5. The porous material according to claim 1 ,wherein a ...

Metal/alpha-MOC1-X Load-Type Single-Atomic Dispersion Catalyst, Synthesis Method And Applications

A metal/α-MoCload-type single-atomic dispersion catalyst, a synthesis method therefor, and applications thereof. The catalyst uses α-MoCas carrier, and has metal that has the mass fraction ranging from 1-100% and that is dispersed on carrier α-MoCin the single atom form. The catalyst provided in the present application can be adapted to a wide alcohol/water proportion in hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols, outstanding hydrogen production performance can be obtained at a variety of proportions, and catalysis performance of the catalyst is much higher than that of metal loaded with an oxide carrier. Especially when the metal is Pt, catalysis performance of the catalyst provided in the present application in the hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols is much higher than that of a Pt/α-MoCload-type catalyst on the α-MoCcarrier on which Pt is disposed on a layer form in the prior art. The hydrogen production performance of the catalyst provided in the present application can be higher than 20,000 hat the temperature of 190° C. 1. A metal/α-MoCsupported single-atomic dispersion catalyst , wherein α-MoCis used as a support , a metal is used as an active component , and 1-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein 10-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein 90-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal loaded amount is 0.01-50% by mass claim 1 , based on a total mass of the support.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal loaded amount is 0.01-10% by mass claim 1 , based on a total mass of the support.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein in the support α-MoC claim 1 , x is 0-0.9.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support α-MoChas a size of 1-30 nm.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Carbon-separated Ultrafine Nano Tungsten Carbide Material And Preparation Method And Use Thereof

A carbon-separated ultrafine nano WC material and a method of preparing the same as well as a use thereof, wherein the carbon-separated ultrafine nano WC material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (1) a solution of a tungsten source in deionized water is added into a solution prepared from ethanol, concentrated ammonia and a surfactant, wherein the tungsten source is ammonium metatungstate, sodium tungstate or tungsten chloride, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium hexadecyl trimethyl bromide or P123; resorcinol is added after intimate agitation; formaldehyde is then added after intimate agitation; and then agitation at room temperature is continued for 8-28 h to produce a mixed solution; (2) the mixed solution is subjected to hydrothermal reaction, and a mixed polymer is obtained after drying; and (3) the mixed polymer is carburized at a high temperature in CO atmosphere to produce the carbon-separated ultrafine nano WC material. The WC material can make the WC particles remain stable in a high-temperature process and avoid secondary agglomeration. It may be used as an electrocatalyst in electrocatalytic reduction of nitro group, and as a support for preparing a supported platinum catalyst. The resultant supported platinum catalyst may be used in anode catalysis in a methanol fuel cell. 1. A carbon-separated ultrafine nano WC material prepared by a method comprising the following steps:(1) a solution of a tungsten source in deionized water is added into a solution prepared from ethanol, concentrated ammonia and a surfactant, wherein the tungsten source is ammonium metatungstate, sodium tungstate or tungsten chloride, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium hexadecyl trimethyl bromide or P123; resorcinol is added after intimate agitation; formaldehyde is then added after intimate agitation; and then agitation at room temperature is continued for 8-28 h to produce a mixed solution, wherein the ...

HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

To provide a honeycomb structure capable of using as a catalyst carrier, which suitably functions as a heater by applying a voltage, and where a bonding layer is hard to break; and including a honeycomb segment bonded body where honeycomb segments are bonded by bonding layer, and a pair of electrode members disposed on side surface of the bonded body, wherein the electrode members is formed into a band shape, in a cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, the one electrode member is disposed on an opposite side across the center of the bonded body with respect to another electrode member, and in at least a part of the bonding layer, inorganic fibers made of an oxide are included in a porous body where particles of silicon carbide are bound with silicon in a state where pores are held among the particles. 1. A honeycomb structure comprising:a tubular honeycomb segment bonded body having a plurality of tubular honeycomb segments having porous partition walls defining a plurality of cells as through channels of a fluid which extend from a first end face as one end face to a second end face as another end face, and a bonding layer which bonds side surfaces of the plurality of honeycomb segments to each other; and a pair of electrode members disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb segment bonded body,wherein volume resistivities of the respective honeycomb segments of the honeycomb segment bonded body are from 1 to 200 Ωcm,at least a part of the bonding layer is made of a bonding material having an conductive property, a volume resistivity of the bonding layer is from 2 to 2000 Ωcm,each of the pair of electrode members is formed into a band shape extending in an extending direction of the cells of the honeycomb segments, and in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cells, the one electrode member in the pair of electrode members is disposed on an opposite side across the center of the honeycomb segment bonded body with ...

HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

To provide a honeycomb structure capable of using as a catalyst carrier, which functions as a heater, and where a bonding layer is hard to break and an electrical resistance value is hard to rise; including a honeycomb segment bonded body where honeycomb segments are bonded by bonding layer, and a pair of electrode members disposed on a side surface of the bonded body, the electrode members is formed into a band shape, and in a cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, one electrode member is disposed on an opposite side across the center of the bonded body to another electrode member, and in at least a part of the bonding layer, inorganic fibers made of β-SiC and a metal silicide are included in a porous body where silicon carbide are bound with silicon in a state where pores are held among the particles. 1. A honeycomb structure comprising a tubular honeycomb segment bonded body having a plurality of tubular honeycomb segments having porous partition walls defining a plurality of cells as through channels of a fluid which extend from a first end face as one end face to a second end face as another end face , and a bonding layer which bonds side surfaces of the plurality of honeycomb segments to each other; and a pair of electrode members disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb segment bonded body ,wherein volume resistivities of the respective honeycomb segments of the honeycomb segment bonded body are from 1 to 200 Ωcm,at least a part of the bonding layer is made of a bonding material having conductive property, a volume resistivity of the bonding layer is from 2 to 2000 Ωcm,each of the pair of electrode members is formed into a band shape extending in an extending direction of the cells of the honeycomb segment bonded body, andin a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cells, the one electrode member in the pair of electrode members is disposed on an opposite side across the center of the honeycomb segment bonded ...

MIXTURE FOR MAKING A CATALYST CARRIER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE MIXTURE

A mixture for making a ceramic carrier that uses a first powder that has a fracture factor of 15.0 or greater and a second powder that has a fracture factor of 14.9 or less. The second powder may reduce the cost to manufacture the carrier by effectively reducing the mixing time needed to produce a mixture that can be extruded. 1. A mixture for manufacturing a ceramic carrier , said mixture comprises:a. at least two comminuted materials comprising a first powder and a second powder, wherein the weight ratio of said first material to said second material is between 50:1 and 1000:1;b. said first powder comprises at least 80 weight percent alumina and has a fracture factor of 15.0 or more; andc. said second powder has a fracture factor of 14.9 or less.2. The mixture of wherein the fracture factor of said second powder is at least 1.0 less than the fracture factor of said first powder.3. The mixture of wherein said first powder has a fracture factor of 18.0 or more.4. The mixture of wherein said second powder has a fracture factor of 14.0 or less.5. The mixture of wherein said powders are uniformly dispersed within said mixture.6. The mixture of wherein the first powder represents at least 90 weight percent of the combined weight of the first and second powders.7. The mixture of wherein the weight ratio of said first powder to said second powder is at least 100:1 and no greater than 400:1.8. The mixture of wherein said second material is selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and corundum.9. The mixture of wherein said mixture further comprises at least 20 weight percent organic additives claim 1 , said percentage based on the combined weight of the first and second powders.10. A process for manufacturing a ceramic component claim 1 , said process comprising:a. providing an first powder comprising a plurality of individual free flowing particles, said first powder having a fracture factor of 15.0 or more;b. providing a second powder comprising a plurality ...

Conversion of Ammonium Nitrate Into Useful Products

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

Plugged honeycomb structure

A plugged honeycomb structure including: a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls made of a material including silicon carbide, and plugging portions, wherein a porosity of the partition walls is from 42 to 52%, a thickness of the partition walls is from 0.15 to 0.36 mm, a ratio of a volume of pores having pore diameters of 10 μm or less to a total pore volume of the partition walls is 41% or less, a ratio of a volume of pores having pore diameters in a range of 18 to 36 μm to the total pore volume is 10% or less, the pore diameter indicating a maximum value of the log differential pore volume is in a range of 10 to 16 μm, and a half-value width of a peak including the maximum value of the log differential pore volume is 5 μm or less.

CATALYST SUPPORT MATERIALS, CATALYST SUPPORTS, CATALYSTS AND REACTION METHODS USING CATALYSTS

A catalyst having a core comprising a composite (A) of SiC grains and a protective matrix of one or more metal oxides, such as alumina, in voids between the SiC grains, said core having a density >60% of theoretical density, and a catalytically active layer (C) containing, e.g., Ni adhered to the core. A catalyst support comprising a composite of SiC grains and a protective matrix of one or more metal oxides in voids between the SiC grains is also provided, along with a method of fabricating a catalyst core. The catalyst can be used in Fischer-TRopsch synthesis or in steam methane reforming. 1. A catalyst comprising:(a) a core comprising a composite of SiC grains and a protective matrix of one or more metal oxides in voids between the SiC grains, said core having a density ≥60% of theoretical density; and(b) a catalytically active layer adhered to said core.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said one or more metal oxides are chosen from the group consisting of alumina claim 1 , titania claim 1 , and silica.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said protective matrix comprises AlO.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein said protective matrix further comprises one or more additional metal oxides chosen from the group consisting of silica and mixed oxides of aluminum and silicon.5. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein said mixed oxides of aluminum and silicon comprises AlSiO.6. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein said protective matrix further comprises one or more additional metal oxides chosen from the group consisting of titania claim 3 , and mixed oxides of aluminum and titanium.7. The catalyst of any preceding claim claim 3 , wherein the volume ratio of metals in the metal oxide protective matrix to SiC in the core claim 3 , based on the relative amounts in the starting materials claim 3 , is between about 0.05 and about 0.50 claim 3 , between about 0.05 and about 0.30 claim 3 , or between about 0.10 and about 0.25.8. The catalyst of any preceding claim claim 3 , ...