СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ОСАЖДЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА ИЗ ЧЕРНОГО ЩЕЛОКА

Изобретение относится к способу непрерывного осаждения лигнина из черного щелока, в котором pH черного щелока понижают до точки осаждения лигнина и осажденный лигнин отделяют от черного щелока. При этом черный щелок подают так, что он протекает в виде находящегося под давлением потока в реакторе (2) при времени пребывания менее 300 с, подкисляющий агент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из диоксида углерода, кислоты и их комбинаций, вводят в поток в одной или большем количестве точек (2a) подачи, чтобы снизить pH черного щелока, под действием подкисляющего агента в находящемся под давлением потоке pH дают возможность понизиться до точки осаждения лигнина, давление в находящемся под давлением потоке резко сбрасывают и частицы лигнина отделяют от черного щелока. Способ позволяет получать лигнин с высоким выходом, имеющий подходящий размер частиц с коротким временем пребывания и в промышленном масштабе при низких эксплуатационных затратах, позволяющих быстро изменять условия процесса. 2 н. и ...

ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА ПРИ ВЫСОКОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ И СПОСОБ АВАРИЙНОГО ОСТАНОВА

Настоящее изобретение относится к производственной установке для полимеризации этилена при высоком давлении и способу аварийного останова в указанной производственной установке. Предложена производственная установка для полимеризации этилена при высоком давлении, содержащая многослойный трубчатый реактор, включающий соединенные между собой первые трубчатые конструкции для переноса реакционной смеси высокого давления, в котором первые трубчатые конструкции представляют собой первые прямые трубы или первые колена, в котором соединенные между собой первые трубчатые конструкции образуют по меньшей мере один извилистый первый трубопровод и по меньшей мере один первый предохранительный клапан, присоединенный к указанному первому трубопроводу, многослойный трубчатый реактор, включающий соединенные между собой вторые трубчатые конструкции для переноса реакционной смеси высокого давления, в котором вторые трубчатые конструкции представляют собой вторые прямые трубы или вторые колена, в котором указанные ...

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ЛИГНИНА В СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОДХОДЯЩИЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

1. Непрерывный способ конверсии лигнинового сырья, содержащего лигнин, причем указанный способ включает:дезоксигенирование лигнина до совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина в реакторе для конверсии лигнина, содержащем содержимое реактора, содержащее жидкую композицию, содержащую по меньшей мере одно соединение, являющееся жидкостью при 1 бар и 25°C; и при этом одновременное непрерывное выведение по меньшей мере части совокупности продуктов конверсии лигнина из реактора;где конверсию лигнина проводят путем приведения лигнина в контакт с водородом и первым катализатором; иконверсию лигнина проводят при температуре конверсии лигнина и давлении конверсии лигнина, где температура конверсии лигнина находится в интервале выше температуры кипения указанной жидкой композиции при атмосферном давлении и ниже критической температуры жидкой композиции, а давление конверсии лигнина выше давления в пузырьке указанной жидкой композиции при температуре конверсии лигнина, при этом давление конверсии лигнина выбрано таким образом, чтобы избежать образования кокса, согласно следующим стадиям:- определение давления в пузырьке указанной жидкой композиции при температуре конверсии лигнина,- проведение реакции и анализа на присутствие кокса ив случае присутствия кокса, повышение указанного давления до достижения отсутствия образования кокса после проведения двух циклов в реакторе.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что лигниновое сырье дополнительно содержит по меньшей мере одно соединение, выбранное из группы, состоящей из глюканов и ксиланов.3. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что первый катализатор содержит губчатый элементарный ме РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C07C 37/50 (13) 2014 132 943 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014132943, 22.02.2013 (71) Заявитель(и): БИОКЕМТЕКС С.П.А. (IT) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: US US US US US (72) Автор(ы): РАЙБА Стивен (US), ЭЛЛИОТТ Джулиз (US ...

ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА ПРИ ВЫСОКОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ И СПОСОБ АВАРИЙНОГО ОСТАНОВА

Настоящее изобретение относится к производственной установке для полимеризации этилена при высоком давлении и способу аварийного останова в указанной производственной установке. Предложена производственная установка для полимеризации этилена при высоком давлении, содержащая многослойный трубчатый реактор, включающий соединенные между собой первые трубчатые конструкции для переноса реакционной смеси высокого давления, в котором первые трубчатые конструкции представляют собой первые прямые трубы или первые колена, в котором соединенные между собой первые трубчатые конструкции образуют по меньшей мере один извилистый первый трубопровод и по меньшей мере один первый предохранительный клапан, присоединенный к указанному первому трубопроводу, многослойный трубчатый реактор, включающий соединенные между собой вторые трубчатые конструкции для переноса реакционной смеси высокого давления, в котором вторые трубчатые конструкции представляют собой вторые прямые трубы или вторые колена, в котором указанные ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГОМОПОЛИМЕРОВ ИЛИ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ ЭТИЛЕНА

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene. Described is a method of producing homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene in an apparatus comprising a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater. Reaction fluid introduced into the reactor is heated at the inlet of the reactor in the preheater, and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average rate of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor at the inlet of the reactor. Ratio of average speed of reaction fluid medium in tubular reactor to average speed of reaction fluid medium in preliminary heater ranges from 1.5:1 to 5:1.EFFECT: obtaining LDPE with higher depth of ethylene conversion per reactor cycle and better optical properties.14 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 733 850 C1 (51) МПК C08F 2/01 (2006.01) C08F 10/02 (2006.01) B01J 19/24 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 19/24 (2020.05); B01J 19/0013 (2020.05); B01J 19/2415 (2020.05); B01J 19/242 (2020.05); B01J 19/2425 (2020.05); B01J 19/243 (2020.05); C08F 10/02 (2020.05); C08F 2/01 (2020.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020107769, 16.08.2018 16.08.2018 Дата регистрации: 07.10.2020 (73) Патентообладатель(и): БАЗЕЛЛ ПОЛИОЛЕФИН ГМБХ (DE) 17.08.2017 EP 17186697.3 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2007/032614 A1, 08.02.2007. US 2011/294964 A1, 01.12.2011. US 2011/275770 A1, 10.11.2011. RU 2575929 C2, 27.02.2016. RU 2613070 C2, 15.03.2017. (45) Опубликовано: 07.10.2020 Бюл. № 28 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 20.02.2020 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 7 3 3 8 5 0 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (72) Автор(ы): ВОЛЬФ, Кристоф (DE), ЛИТМАН, Дитер (DE), ДОЙЕРЛИНГ, Михаэль (DE), ФИНЕТТЕ, Андре-Арманд (DE), КАЙРУЛЛИН, Данир (DE), МОРБУТТЕР, Юрген (DE) 2 7 3 3 8 5 0 R ...

VORRICHTUNG ZUR HOCHDRUCKBEHANDLUNG VON SUBSTANZE

DURCHFUEHRUNGSVERFAHREN VON CHEMISCHEN REAKTIONEN.

Druckbehaelter und Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Kristallzuechtung

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Fest-Flüssig-Gemischen

Ein Laminarstromreaktor zur Herstellung von Werk- oder Brennstoffen, Humus, Maillard- oder ähnlichen Reaktionsprodukten aus einem Fest-Flüssig-Gemisch aus Wasser und einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Komponente, wobei das Fest-Flüssig-Gemisch bei einer Temperatur von über 100°C und einem Druck von über 5 bar behandelt wird, besteht aus Rohrreaktoreinheiten aus weitgehend senkrechten Haltestrecken (1, 3) und richtungsändernden Umlenkern (2, 4). Dabei werden die Haltestrecken von dem Fest-Flüssig-Gemisch langsamer durchströmt als die restlichen Rohrstrecken, weil sie größere Durchmesser aufweisen.

Improvements relating to apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions under pressure

A reactor suitable for the production of melamine from urea and cyanuric acid at 300 DEG -400 DEG C. under pressure (as in Specification 937,135) comprises a vertical tube 10 the base whereof has a vertical protuberance 12 forming an annular reaction zone 13 having a thickness not greater than 1/3 of its mean diameter, and means 15 to heat the tube in the region of said zone. The numerals refer to the Figure in which the protuberance 12 is hollow and contains either heating means or heat insulation; the tube 10 is of forged steel lined with plate silver sheet, low iron-content alloys or other corrosion-resistant material; the heating device 15 is an electric induction heating device or liquid or gas heat exchanger; inlet and outlet 19 and 18 respectively are provided in the cover 16; and filling bodies 21 are provided above a supporting partition. The filling bodies may, if desired, be replaced by partitions or fins and in place of or as well as these obstructions there ...

Reactor system

... A polymerization reactor system comprises a plurability of tubes (11) connected in parallel to a common proportioning and mixing device (4), said tubes each having a lock comprising a chamber (12) and inlet and outlet valves (13, 14) so controlled as to effect the discharge of the tubes in a predetermined cyclic order (Fig. 1) or simultaneously at predetermined intervals (Fig. 2, not shown). The arrangement provides a uniform residence time of reactants in the individual tubes irrespective of valve wear. Specified reactants are olefins or olefin derivatives such as ethylene, propylene, i-butylene, styrene, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, i-propenyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and esters, amides, nitriles and anhydrides thereof, which may be polymerized or copolymerized. In an example, a copolymer containing 41% vinyl acetate and 58.5% ethylene is obtained by reacting ethylene ...

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO PRESSURE REACTIONS

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for conducting reactions in liquid phase

Apparatus for conducting chemical reactions under pressure in the liquid phase which reactions result in the production of a solid reaction product which comprises, connected together in the following sequence, a closed vessel provided with a pump for circulating liquid therethrough and means for admitting solid thereinto, a second pump for forcing liquid from the closed vessel and at the desired pressure through a closed reaction zone having associated means for maintaining the zone at a predetermined temperature and temperatures, heat exchange means for cooling the liquid, an enclosed filter for separating the solid reaction product from the attendant liquor, a conduit for returning the liquor to the closed vessel, and a reducing valve between the closed reaction zone and the return conduit. The apparatus may be employed in carrying out reactions in liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide or liquid carbon dioxide. As employed in the production of melamine by heating dicyandiamide dissolved ...

High pressure tubular reactor apparatus

In a high pressure tubular reactor containing a plurality of tubular sections interconnected in series by means of connection devices, which reactor contains one or more reaction zones, there is positioned within each reaction zone a single rupture disc device from about 24 to about 40 feet downstream from the reaction zone inlet.

Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor

Autoclave with underflow dividers

Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor

Process and device for the preparation of urea.

Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor

Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor

Autoclave with underflow dividers

HOCHDRUCKVERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON REINEM MELAMIN

The invention relates to a high pressure method for producing pure melamine by pyrolyzing urea in a vertical synthesis reactor. The synthesis reactor has three stages above one another: a) in the first stage, the smaller portion of the total amount of urea is introduced into the central tube of a first tank reactor forming a first melamine-containing reaction medium; b) in the second stage, the first melamine-containing reaction medium and the larger portion of the total amount of urea is introduced into the central tube of a second tank reactor forming a second melamine-containing reaction medium; c) in the third stage, the second melamine-containing reaction medium is introduced into a vertical tubular flow reactor forming a raw melamine melt that is processed to obtain pure melamine.

VERFAHREN UND EINRICHTUNG ZUR STOFFBEHANDLUNG BZW. -REAKTION

VERFAHREN ZUR POLYMERISATION VON ATHYLEN

Cap for closing a sample vessel for microwave treatment

Kappe (1) zum Verschließen eines Probengefäßes (10) zur Mikrowellenbehandlung, insbesondere zum Aufschluss, von Proben umfassend: - einen Verschlusskörper (2) zum Verschließen des Probengefäßes (10), wobei der Verschlusskörper (2) auf ein Probengefäß (10) aufbringbar und im auf das Probengefäß (10) aufgebrachten Zustand der Kappe (1) das Probengefäß (10) an einer Dichtfläche (9) verschließt, - ein, insbesondere federbelastetes, Überdruckventil (3), und - zumindest einen Entlüftungskanal (4), wobei der Entlüftungskanal (4), das Überdruckventil (3) und der Verschlusskörper (2) derart ausgebildet sind und der Entlüftungskanal (4) den Verschlusskörper (2) über das Überdruckventil (3) mit der Umgebung derart verbindet, dass bei Übersteigen eines definierten ersten Druckniveaus an dem Verschlusskörper (2) überschüssiger Druck durch den Entlüftungskanal (4) in die Umgebung der Kappe (1) entweichen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Reservoir (5) vorgesehen ist, wobei das Reservoir (5) und ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF ATHYLEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF AN ACCELERATED OXIDATION REACTION.

EXECUTION PROCEDURE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

RECOVERY OF THE PLATINUM METALS OUT PLATINUM METALS ABSTENTION ORGANIC COMPOSITIONS BY REACTION WITH SUPERCRITICAL WATER

Precious metal recovery from organics-precious metal compositions with supercritical water reactant

TUBULAR REACTOR FOR THE HIGH PRESSURE POLYMERIZATION OF ALPHA-OLEFINES

PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES

Mo-1771-BP LeA 17,502 A PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES This invention relates to a process for carrying out reactions which primarily occur during the transport of compounds in the liquid phase or at the liquid-gas interface. Starting components are reacted with one another and/or with gases of the inner space in a multi-phase flow tube having a liquid ring flow which may contain dissolved and/or dispersed constituents. Any necessary heat exchange takes place between the liquid and the wall of the tube or the gases. LeA 17,502 ...

HIGH PRESSURE REACTOR FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MELAMINE

Reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea, in accordance with the high- pressure non-catalytic process, comprising: a vertical reactor body (1), at least one inlet (2) for the urea melt, a set of heating elements (3), and a central duct (7), said set of heating elements (3) being arranged inside said central duct.

AUTOCLAVE HAVING HIGH OXYGEN TRANSFER RATE TO METAL-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS

The autoclave of the present invention includes an impeller having a conduit to recirculate or introduce an oxygen-containing gas into the slurry. The outlets for the gas can be located in the blades of the impeller for thorough dispersion of the gas bubbles in the slurry.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SINGLE WALL NANOTUBES USING UNSUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS AND SINGLE WALL NANOTUBES

A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture of carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Acylierung von hochmolekularen Polyoxymethylenen

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von Reaktionen zwischen Gasen und Flüssigkeiten unter Druck

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Harnstoff und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens

Procedimento per la preparazione dei polimeri dell'etilene

CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF PRIMARILY MATERIAL TRANSFER-CAUSED REACTIONS.

Reactor for wet oxidn. - has bubble column contg. at least one vertical return pipe with inlet gas separator which returns part of liquid from upper region to colder lower region

A new wet-oxidn. reactor, consists of at least one vertical bubble column with a lower inlet. The column contains at least one vertical return pipe with a gas separator at its upper inlet and end whose lower outlet end is located outside the zone affected by the flow from the inlet nozzle. The vertical return pipe is pref. located in the lower part of the column, or in a lower inlet chamber within the column. The inlet nozzle and the outlet from the return pipe are offset horizontally and/or vertically from each other, and the return pipe is pref. vertical and parallel the axis of the column. More than one return pipe, for example three arranged in a circle at equal distances from the column wall (11), may be used in each column. USE/ADVANTAGE - Used in wet oxidn. processes. The required temp. in the lower part of the column is assured and a more uniform temp. distribution within the clumn is achieved, without increasing the size of the column or the consumption of additional energy ...

АВТОКЛАВ С ПЕРЕГОРОДКАМИ ДЛЯ НИЖНЕГО ПОТОКА

Настоящее изобретение относится к многокамерному автоклаву, в котором используются перегородки между камерами, которые имеют одно или более отверстий для нижнего потока для прохождения подающегося потока между камерами.

用于向反应器供给引发剂的装置

... 本发明涉及一种在有或没有高压釜的情况下在管反应器中制备聚乙烯的方法，其中，在有或没有冷乙烯的情况下，将包含乙烯和共聚单体的液体介质流供给自由基链反应器。在在以一定角度(66)混合的两个气流(61、62)之间产生扭转，或者通过在流动截面(27、28)中提供涡流元件(20、80)而产生旋转。在自由基引发剂的供给点(72、81)区域中提供有截面收缩部分(63、67；71)，在该截面收缩部分，自由基引发剂通过供给指(40)的优化的偏离中心的出口孔(44)而被引入旋转流(61、62；70)中。 ...

PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF POLYETHYLENE WITH AN HIGH RATE OF TRANSFORMATION OF ETHYLENE

Automatic control of chemical reactions - particularly continuous high pressure polymerisation of ethylene

A method for covering with metal powders with iron surfaces or another metal

구획된 가열공간을 갖는 오토클레이브

... 본 발명은 용기의 내부에 설치되어 가열시키는 히팅유닛이 포함된 오토클레이브(autoclave)에 있어서, 상기 용기의 내벽에는 웨브가 외측에 있는 앵글이 설치되고, 상기 히팅유닛은 상기 용기를 길이방향을 따라 일정공간마다 개별적으로 가열되게 하는 단위히팅유닛이 복수 개로 형성되고, 상기 단위히팅유닛은 상기 용기의 내벽에 직경방향으로 나선형으로 형성되고 고온의 유체가 유동되는 튜브와, 상기 튜브를 감싸면서 상기 웨브에 고정하는 결합어셈블리로 구성되어 상기 튜브를 상기 용기에 결합 또는 분리를 용이하게 하는 것을 특징으로 하여 길이가 긴 용기를 유체가 유입되고 토출되는 단위히팅유닛으로 구분하여 유체 순환속도를 높여 유체의 온도 편차를 방지하며 오토클레이브 내부에 균일한 열전달 효율을 높일 수 있다.

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRECIPITATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR

aparelho para polimerização em alta pressão de olefinas e processo para produzir copolímeros de polietileno e etileno

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRECIPITATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR

SETT VID POLYMERISATION AV ETEN I EN RORFORMIG, MED SIDOGRENAR FORSEDD REAKTOR

MIXING REACTOR AND RELATED PROCESS

A mixing reactor for precipitating nanoparticles by mixing a precursor fluid with a second fluid at a higher temperature than the precursor fluid. The reactor comprises: a first fluid conduit with an inlet region configured to receive a flow of the precursor fluid, and an outlet region configured to output a mixed flow; and a second fluid conduit configured to receive a flow of the second fluid. The second fluid conduit extends into the first fluid conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow within the first fluid conduit, and has an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit. Related processes for producing nanoparticles are disclosed.

THERMALLY AUTOGENOUS SUBSURFACE CHEMICAL REACTOR & METHOD

A subsurface thermally autogenous reactor and method has downgoing and upgoing flow passages connected at the bottom to form a Ë-tube and in heat exchange relation to each other. The downgoing and upgoing flow passages each have an upper heat exchange section and a lower reaction section. An air injection system injects air into the downgoing flow passage between the heat exchange and reaction sections. The cross sectional area of the upgoing heat exchange section is greater than the cross sectional area of the downgoing heat exchange section to balance the downgoing and upgoing flow velocities. The downgoing heat exchange section has multiple tubes to increase the heat transfer area.

THERMALLY AUTOGENOUS SUBSURFACE CHEMICAL REACTOR & METHOD

A subsurface thermally autogenous reactor and method has downgoing and upgoing flow passages connected at the bottom to form a Ë-tube and in heat exchange relation to each other. The downgoing and upgoing flow passages each have an upper heat exchange section and a lower reaction section. An air injection system injects air into the downgoing flow passage between the heat exchange and reaction sections. The cross sectional area of the upgoing heat exchange section is greater than the cross sectional area of the downgoing heat exchange section to balance the downgoing and upgoing flow velocities. The downgoing heat exchange section has multiple tubes to increase the heat transfer area.

PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF FEEDSTOCKS AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME

A process is provided for conversion of a feedstock, in particular a hydrocarbon feedstock such as methane or natural gas, in which a reactive mixture containing the feedstock is prepared and fed to a reaction zone. A reaction is initiated in the reactive mixture within the reaction zone so as to generate a conversion wave of increased temperature and pressure. The conversion wave is allowed to pass through the reaction zone, from where converted feedstock is recovered. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided. The process operates with a high conversion and selectivity to desirable products and is particularly suitable for the conversion of methane to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Supercritical water oxidation reactor with wall conduits for boundary flow control

A reactor tube for supercritical water oxidation is designed to supply a thin, continuous layer of water along the inner surface of the reaction zone by a wall lining formed of laminated platelets individually etched and superimposed to form an array of engineered fluid passages through the wall. Each passage includes a flow metering channel of closely controlled configuration to impose a preselected level of resistance to water flowing through it, plus a distribution section which distributes the water emerging from the flow metering channel over the length of a slot-shaped exit port. The exit port is arranged in conjunction with neighboring exit ports in an array over the inner surface of the reactor such that the emerging water forms a continuous film over the surface, thereby protecting the surface from corrosion and salts deposition from the supercritical reaction medium.

High Pressure Method for Producing Pure Melamine in a Vertical Synthesis Reactor

The invention relates to a high pressure method for producing pure melamine by pyrolyzing urea in a vertical synthesis reactor. The synthesis reactor has three stages above one another: a) in the first stage, the smaller portion of the total amount of urea is introduced into the central tube of a first tank reactor forming a first melamine-containing reaction medium; b) in the second stage, the first melamine-containing reaction medium and the larger portion of the total amount of urea is introduced into the central tube of a second tank reactor forming a second melamine-containing reaction medium; c) in the third stage, the second melamine-containing reaction medium is introduced into a vertical tubular flow reactor forming a raw melamine melt that is processed to obtain pure melamine.

Polymerization process using separated flow

A polymerisation process comprising feeding monomer, polymerisation catalyst and, optionally, an inert medium, to a reactor maintained under pressure and polymerising the monomer so as to form a polymer wherein the monomer, polymer and any inert medium are permitted to form a gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid separated flow, the gas phase of the separated flow being continuous in the direction of flow and the liquid phase being carried by the gas flow, the ratio of the volume flow rate of the liquid phase to the volume flow rate of the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor being from 0.00001:1 to 100,000:1.

PROCESSES FOR REDUCING SHUTDOWN TIME OF SUB-SYSTEMS IN LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTION

НЕПРЕРЫВНЫЙ СПОСОБ КОНВЕРСИИ ЛИГНИНА В СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОДХОДЯЩИЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the continuous process for conversion of lignin in the lignin feedstock. The continuous process for conversion of lignin feedstock containing lignin, contains: deoxygenation of lignin up to collection of conversion products of lignin in the reactor for the conversion of lignin containing liquid composition which comprises at least one compound which is liquid at 1 bar and 25°C; while simultaneously continuously removing at least part of the aggregated lignin conversion products from the reactor; where conversion of lignin is carried out in contact with hydrogen and the first catalyst; conversion of lignin is carried out at the pressure and temperature of conversion of lignin, where lignin conversion temperature is in the range above the boiling temperature of said liquid composition at atmospheric pressure and below the critical temperature of the liquid composition, and lignin conversion pressure is higher than the pressure in the bubble of the said liquid composition at the lignin conversion temperature, in this case the lignin conversion pressure is chosen avoiding coke formation as per the following steps: determination of pressure in the bubble of the said liquid composition at the lignin conversion temperature, reaction and analysis for coke presence, and if coke is present the said pressure is increased so that coke formation after two cycles in the reactor is absent. EFFECT: invention provides implementation of the continuous process to obtain useful products, impurities are removed during conversion, which leads to wastewater with lower chemical consumption of oxygen (CCO). 17 cl, 7 tbl, 9 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 619 929 C2 (51) МПК C07G 1/00 (2011.01) C10G 1/00 (2006.01) C10G 3/00 (2006.01) C10L 1/04 (2006.01) C07C 37/00 (2006.01) C07C 37/50 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ФОРМУЛА (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 2014132943, ...

РЕАКТОР ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА МЕЛАМИНА

Способ автоматического управления процессом полимеризации или сополимеризации этилена

Способ регулирования процесса полимеризации или сополимеризации этилена

Способ получения полиэтилена

... 1. СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИЭТИЛЕНА полимеризацией этилена вприсутствии радикального инициатора при давлении 1000-1800 в многозонном автоклавном реакторе , отличающийся тем, : что, с целью упрощения технологии процесса и улучшения оптических свойств и способности к обработке конечного продукта, полимеризацию проводят последовательно в первой зоне при 130-200 С и во второй зоне при 220-280 с при объ««гом отношении nepBoti зоны к второй от 1,5 до 6,0 причем в первую зону подают 75-100 мас.% этилена. 2. Способ по П.1, отличающийся .тем, что этилен и инициатор подают раздельно по крайней мере в два отверстия для каждого , расположенных в первой зоне.

Способ проведения подземных химических реакций и установка для его осуществления

The problem of conducting chemical reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures, such as in the wet oxidation of a waste stream, without excessive expenditures of energy is solved by the method and apparatus for effecting accelerated chemical reactions utilizing a reactor (15) extending into a vertical hole (16) in the earth and having an outer flow passage (21) receiving influent fluid from a supply (38) and supply lines (31 and 33) pumped with air by a pressure pump (29). The fluid undergoes an accelerated oxidation in the hole giving off the products of reaction, heat, and an effluent fluid which flows up an inner flow passage (22) to a settling tank (41) and/or other discharge lines (44, 42). Apparatus for control of temperature, pressure and flow rate are also provided to maximize reaction rates and minimize power requirements.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Harnstoff

ROEHRENREAKTOR ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG ENDOTHERMER GASREAKTIONEN

Apparatus for Performing Organic Chemical Reactions.

... 103,665. Aylsworth, A. M., and Savings Investment & Trust Co., (representatives of Aylsworth, J. W.). Jan. 24, 1916, [Convention date]. Drawings to Specification. Fatty acids and glycerine, obtaining by decomposing fats.-The Specification, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a), states that the apparatus described may be used in the saponification of fats. The apparatus described comprises a metal coil through which reacting liquids are forced at a pressure exceeding the vapour pressures of the reacting substances; the coil is heated by immersion in a bath of fused metal or salt; variations in the pressure are prevented by means of an hydraulic accumulator or equivalent device connected to one end of the coil. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.

Autoclave System and Method of Operating an Autoclave System

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for carrying out reactions continuously in the liquid phase under increased pressure

... 329,260. Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Oct. 29, 1928, [Convention date ]. High-pressure chemical apparatus other than autoclaves.-Apparatus for continuously effecting reactions in liquids under pressure comprises a pressure-resisting shell 1 containing an inner tube 3 open at the top. The outer space 4 may contain a distributing packing such as Raschig rings. The reacting liquids are admitted by the pipes 7 and 9 and the reaction product if miscible with the liquid entering at 9 overflows with it into the central tube 3 and is withdrawn at 5, the spent liquid overflowing into 3 as before. The effect of the gas space in the upper part of the apparatus is to maintain the pressure constant while the volume of liquid varies.

PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE TRANSPORTOF SUBSTANCES

IMPROVED TUBULAR PRESSURE MEMBER

... 1,218,823. Tubular pressure vessel. SOC. NATIONALE DES PETROLES D'AQUITAINE. 2 Feb., 1968 [16 Feb., 1967; 16 Nov., 1967], No. 5485/68. Heading B1X. [Also in Division F2. A tubular vessel, in which a reaction medium can flow under high pressure and at controlled temperature, comprises a series of cylindrical tubes 1, 14, each having dimensions such that the ratio of the outside to the inside diameters, is in excess of 1.4:1 at least one tube being surrounded by a jacket member 5, the tubes being firmly interconnected by couplings providing fluid-tight joints and the ends 2, 14 of the tubes being reinforced by the provision of increased thickness of metal. The temperature of the reaction is controlled by means of heat exchange with a fluid introduced into the jacket 5 the wall of tube, over the main portion of its run, being thick enough to withstand the high pressure and yet thin enough to provide good heat exchange properties. The joint between the jacket and end 2 of a tube 1 comprises ...

HIGH-POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

... 1312639 Reactor STAMICARBON NV 11 Sept 1970 [19 Sept 1969] 43608/70 Heading B1X [Also in Division C3] A reactor suitable for the continuous polymerisation of ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure comprises a thick-walled cylindrical vessel closed at the top and having a bottom discharge opening and one or more inlets constricted and so positioned relative to the cylinder wall that an ethylene containing feed flowing therethrough is throttled and the throttled feed imparts rotary motion to the reactor contents. The inlets may comprise narrow bore inlets disposed to impart eddying motion to the reactor contents and may comprise tubes disposed radially of the cylinder and having closed ends and lateral outlets tangentially disposed to the cylinder wall. Several inlets may be disposed at the same distance from the end of the reactor; or at different distances, the reactor being divided into zones by centrally located circular plates of less diameter than the cylinder and located between ...

PROCESS FOR THE HIGH PRESSURE PRODUCTION OF POLYETHYLENE

PROCESS FOR ACHIEVING HIGH CONVERSIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF POLYETHYLENE

PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING ETHYLENE AT HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

... 1478050 Polymerisation apparatus STAMICARBON BV 17 Sept 1974 [18 Sept 1973] 40469/74 Heading B1X [Also in Division C3] In the continuous polymerisation of ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure in an autoclave, mixing of the reactants is effected by introducing ethylene feed through at least two inlets disposed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the reactor and substantially parallel to each other but giving flows in opposite directions as shown by inlets 17 and 19 (Fig. 2). A third inlet 21 may be arranged for tangential flow. Different temperatures may be obtained in different zones of the reactor by using different initiators in each monomer flow. In an example lauryl peroxide is introduced with feed through inlet 17 giving a temperature of 185‹C in the upper zone, tbutyl peroxy-diethyl acetate through inlet 21 giving 225‹C in the middle zone and di-t-butyl peroxide through inlet 19 giving 265‹C in the lower zone nearest the outlet 16.

Procedure and device for the production of urea

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON MELAMIN

Solid melamine is obtained by quenching liquid melamine with a liquid, preferably ammonia. Thus, molten urea is supplied to a reactor maintained at high temperature (700 to 800 DEG F.) and high pressure (1700 to 2200 psig) whereby melamine, CO2, and NH3 are formed. The reactor effluent stream is transferred to a gas separator where CO2, NH3 and melamine vapour are separated from liquid melamine and the gases are cycled to a scrubber unit for scrubbing with molten urea reactant to remove the melamine. The melamine liquid product is transferred from the gas separator to a cooling tank where the liquid melamine is immediately contacted with, or quenched with a liquid, preferably liquid ammonia. The melamine separates as a dry powder which requires no further processing, having a typical purity of 96 to 99.5%. ...

HOCHDRUCKVERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON REINEM MELAMIN

Cap for closing a sample vessel for microwave treatment

Kappe (1) zum Verschließen eines Probengefäßes (10) zur Mikrowellenbehandlung, insbesondere zum Aufschluss, von Proben umfassend: - einen Verschlusskörper (2) zum Verschließen des Probengefäßes (10), wobei der Verschlusskörper (2) auf ein Probengefäß (10) aufbringbar und im auf das Probengefäß (10) aufgebrachten Zustand der Kappe (1) das Probengefäß (10) an einer Dichtfläche (9) verschließt, - ein, insbesondere federbelastetes, Überdruckventil (3), und - zumindest einen Entlüftungskanal (4), wobei der Entlüftungskanal (4), das Überdruckventil (3) und der Verschlusskörper (2) derart ausgebildet sind und der Entlüftungskanal (4) den Verschlusskörper (2) über das Überdruckventil (3) mit der Umgebung derart verbindet, dass bei Übersteigen eines definierten ersten Druckniveaus an dem Verschlusskörper (2) überschüssiger Druck durch den Entlüftungskanal (4) in die Umgebung der Kappe (1) entweichen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Reservoir (5) vorgesehen ist, wobei das Reservoir (5) und ...

THERMALLY AUTOGENOUS ONES UNDERGROUND CHEMICAL REACTOR AND PROCEDURE

APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYL POLYMERS WITH PRESSURES ABOVE 500 BAR IN A TUBULAR REACTOR WITH INJECTION FINGER.

PROCEDURE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF ATHYLEN

Device with hardness boilers for the autoclaving of cast stone

Process for polymerization of polyester oligomers

System for chemical transformation of 3D state materials

System for chemical transformation of 3D state materials, comprising a reaction group (12) comprising a main body (20) arranged to shape a reaction chamber (12a) in which at least one component (21) configured to support one or more samples of 3D state arranged to be chemical transform is expected. The system further comprises an oven (15) arranged, in use, to heat at predetermined temperatures, the reaction chamber (12a) and a GAS supply group arranged to release a first gas in the reaction chamber (12a) and/or a casing component, comprised inside the main body (20), which comprises, in use, a chemical agent suitable for releasing a second gas into the reaction chamber (12a). The main body (20), comprises at least two turbines arranged to converge, in use, into the reaction chamber (12a), the first and/or the second gas on the samples (11). The invention relates also to a method for chemical transformation of 3D state materials.

HIGH-POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

ELECTRIC ARC HEATING OF GASEOUS FLUIDS

Procédé dans lequel des matières pulvérulentes sont injectées dans une chambre de mélange via un dispositif d'alimentation et transportées dans une chambre de réaction coopérant avec une torche à plasma. Les produits de la réaction sont envoyés dans un dispositif de séparation séparant les produits solides des produits gazeux et ensuite dans un ou plusieurs dispositifs de condensation et/ou d'élimination de composants gazeux. On maintient une pression élevée dans un espace composé de la torche à plasma la chambre de réaction et le dispositif de séparation.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE POLYMERS IN TUBULAR REACTOR

A continuous process for producing polyethylene or copolymers of ethylene with other copolymerizable compounds at a pressure of at least 1,000 kg/cm2 in a tubular reactor under steady conditions imposing on the polymerization system flow pulses, while keeping the monomer conversion at 35 % or lower and the melt index of the polymer at 0.1 or more.

TUBULAR REACTOR FOR PERFORMING ENDOTHERMAL GAS REACTIONS

Tubular reactor for performing endothermal gas reactions in which pressurized gas, more particularly, a rare gas, at a temperature of approximately 600 to 1000.degree.C, is used for covering the endothermal requirements. The gas is heated in a nuclear reactor to the necessary temperature. The tubular reactor comprises a pressure shell with an internally disposed insulation in which vertically disposed jacketed tubes are inserted comprising a reaction tube, filled with à catalyst where appropriate and a sheathing tube which surrounds the reaction tube while forming an annular gap through which the heat-delivering gas flows upwardly. The sheathing tubes are combined into a bundle in which at least the top portion of the tubes are in mutual contact and the imaginary connecting line of the centres of three tubes in contact form an equilateral triangle. At six places, uniformly distributed over the circumference, the top ends of the sheathing tubes are provided with longitudinal slots into which ...

PROCESS FOR EFFECTING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

... 2086.112 PROCESS FOR EFFECTING CHEMICAL REACTIONS A process for effecting chemical reactions, including wet oxidation reactions, in a deep well or down-hole reactor preferably providing a crosscurrent flow in a nested tube configuration wherein the influent fluid is in heat transfer relation with the effluent fluid. The disclosed process includes flowing an influent fluid including the reactants downwardly through a downcomer pipe which extends below ground in a subterranean opening or well casing forming a hydrostatic column of fluid, which defines a predetermined pressure, with the reactants at a temperature sufficient to initiate and maintain the desired chemical reaction. The method then includes flowing the effluent fluid upwardly through an upcomer pipe to ground level, preferably in heat transfer relation with the downflowing influent fluid. The method of this invention includes boiling the effluent fluid in the upcomer pipe, thereby reducing the hydrostatic fluid pressure in the ...

METHOD FOR TRANSFORMING CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN A FLUID UNDER PRESSURE AND IN HIGH TEMPERATURE AND IMPLEMENTING DEVICE

L'invention est relative à un procédé de transformation de structures chimiques, c'est-à-dire un procédé pour réaliser des réactions chimiques dans fluide sous pression et en température en particulier dans un fluide supercritique, comprenant un solvant et au moins un électrolyte tel qu'un sel, dans lequel on génère in situ par électrolyse des espèces réactives. Selon l'invention, le fluide s'écoule de manière ascendante dans un réacteur réservoir (1) en traversant une première zone inférieure d'électrolyse (6) à solubilité élevée des sels et une seconde zone supérieure (10) dans laquelle les sels (11) précipitent, puis le fluide exempt de sels est évacué à la partie supérieure (17) dudit réacteur réservoir et envoyé dans un second réacteur tubulaire (2) pour atteindre le degré d'avancement de la transformation souhaitée.

PULSED COMPRESSION REACTORS AND METHODS FOR THEIR OPERATION

A pulsed compression reactor may include a reactor housing, a spring piston, and a driver piston. The reactor housing may define an interior volume, and may include a first passage and a second passage which lead to the interior volume. The spring piston may be positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a gas spring buffer chamber within the interior volume. The driver piston may be positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston, the driver piston, and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a reaction chamber within the interior volume.

HIGH PRESSURE TUBULAR REACTOR APPARATUS

USE OF A REACTOR WITH INTEGRATED HEAT EXCHANGER IN A PROCESS FOR HYDRODECHLORINATING SILICON TETRACHLORIDE

The invention relates to a method for converting silicon tetrachloride by means of hydrogen to form trichlorosilane in a modified hydrodechlorination reactor. The invention further relates to a the use of such a modified hydrodechlorination reactor as an integrated component of a system for producing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon. 1. A process for reacting a silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant stream and a hydrogen-comprising reactant stream the process comprising:conducting the silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant stream, the hydrogen-comprising reactant stream, or a combination thereof into a reaction chamber of a hydrodechlorination reactor via a flow tube and supplying heat through a heating jacket or heating space, thereby obtaining a product mixture comprising trichlorosilane and HCl under pressure;conducting the product mixture out of the reaction chamber as a pressurized stream such that a reactant/product stream in the reaction chamber is conducted at least partly along an outside of the flow tube, andcooling the product mixture with an integrated heat exchanger, thereby preheating the silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant stream, the hydrogen-containing reactant stream, or the combination thereof,wherein the reaction chamber and optionally the flow tube comprise a ceramic material,{'b': '21', 'the heating jacket or the heating space at least partly surrounds the reaction chamber (), and'}the reaction chamber comprises the integrated heat exchanger downstream of a region of the reaction chamber heated by the heating jacket or the heating space.2. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the conducting the silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant stream, the hydrogen-comprising reactant stream, or the combination thereof comprises:conducting the silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant stream and the hydrogen-comprising reactant stream together through a single flow tube;conducting the silicon tetrachloride-comprising reactant ...

HIGH-PRESSURE REACTOR FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MELAMINE

Reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea, in accordance with the high-pressure non-catalytic process, comprising: a vertical reactor body (), at least one inlet () for the urea melt, a set of heating elements (), and a central duct (), said set of heating elements () being arranged inside said central duct. 1. A reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea , according to the high-pressure non-catalytic process , comprising:a vertical reactor body, at least one inlet for the urea melt, a set of heating elements, and a central duct, wherein:said central duct delimits an inner reaction zone inside said duct, and a peripheral reaction zone around said duct, and said set of heating elements is arranged in the inner reaction zone inside said central duct.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , characterized by comprising no heating element inside said peripheral reaction zone.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said inlet for the urea melt is connected to a distributor configured to introduce urea into said peripheral reaction zone.4. The reactor according to claim 3 , said distributor being extended around the central duct and comprising urea delivery means which are arranged to introduce urea in a substantially uniform manner and with axial symmetry into said peripheral reaction zone.5. The reactor according to claim 4 , wherein said distributor has a substantially toroidal form.6. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein a lower end of said central duct is distanced from a base of the set of heating elements claim 1 , thus defining a liquid recirculation passage between the inner reaction zone and the surrounding peripheral reaction zone.7. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said central duct extends claim 1 , inside the reactor claim 1 , up to a height lower than the height of the heating elements.8. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said central duct is delimited by a substantially cylindrical shell.9. The reactor according to ...

CAP FOR CLOSING A SAMPLE CONTAINER FOR MICROWAVE TREATMENT AND A METHOD AND SAMPLE ASSEMBLY FOR PERFORMING MICROWAVE TREATMENT

A cap closes a sample vessel for the microwave treatment of samples. The cap contains a closure body for closing the sample vessel. The closure body is fitted to the sample vessel and closes the sample vessel at a sealing surface. A spring-loaded pressure relief valve and a vent duct are provided. The vent duct, the pressure relief valve and the closure body are configured in such a manner that the vent duct connects the closure body via the pressure relief valve to the surrounding area such that when a defined first pressure level is exceeded at the closure body excess pressure can escape through the vent duct into the area surrounding the cap. A reservoir is provided. The reservoir and the vent duct are configured such that condensate precipitating in the vent duct accumulates in the reservoir when the cap is in the state fitted to the sample vessel. 1. A cap for closing a sample vessel for a microwave treatment , the cap comprising:a closure body for closing the sample vessel and having a sealing surface, said closure body being fitted to the sample vessel and closes the sample vessel by said sealing surface when the cap is in a state fitted to the sample vessel;a spring-loaded pressure relief valve;at least one vent duct, said vent duct, said spring-loaded pressure relief valve and said closure body are configured in such a manner that said vent duct connects said closure body via said spring-loaded pressure relief valve to a surrounding area in such a manner that when a defined first pressure level is exceeded at said closure body excess pressure can escape through said vent duct into the area surrounding the cap; anda reservoir, wherein said reservoir and said vent duct are configured in such a manner that condensate precipitating in said vent duct accumulates in said reservoir when the cap is in the state fitted to the sample vessel.2. The cap according to claim 1 , wherein said vent duct has a length of between 20 and 40 mm.3. The cap according to claim 1 , ...

Pressure Vessel with High-Pressure Window

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) having a pressure vessel wall (1a) which completely surrounds a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or promotion of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of a sample (P) to be heated which is accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel wall (1a) has an infrared-permeable high-pressure window (30) which extends away outward in a direction from the reaction chamber (2) and which is supported in the pressure vessel wall (1a) with respect to a pressure in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel (1) furthermore has an infrared to temperature sensor (40) which is situated directly opposite the high-pressure window (30), in order to measure the temperature of a sample (P), accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), during a pressure reaction through the high-pressure window (30).

Multifunctional Vessels For Extraction And Fractionation Of Extracts From Biomass

Generally, an extraction system useful in separating an extract from a matrix using one or more extractants. Specifically, an extractor including one or more of: an extraction vessel having an extractor vessel internal surface which defines an extraction chamber which communicates between open extraction vessel first and second ends, a first piston configured to sealably engage the extractor vessel internal surface of the extraction vessel first end or a second piston adapted to sealably engage the extractor vessel internal surface of the extraction vessel second end. 1. An extractor , comprising:an extraction vessel having an internal surface which defines an extraction chamber which communicates between open extraction vessel first and second ends;a first piston adapted to sealably engage said internal surface of said extraction vessel first end; anda second piston adapted to sealably engage said internal surface of said extraction vessel second end.2. The extractor of claim 1 , further comprising a first piston retaining member removably engaging said first piston sealably engaged with said internal surface of said extraction vessel first end.3. The extractor of claim 2 , further comprising a second piston retaining member removably engaging said second piston sealably engaged with said internal surface of said extraction vessel first end.4. The extractor of claim 3 , further comprising a first piston retaining member guide including a first guide channel in which said first piston retaining member moves between a first position which engages said first piston sealably engaged with said internal surface of said extraction vessel first end and a second position which disengages said first piston retaining member from said first piston sealably engaged with said internal surface of said extraction vessel first end.5. The extractor of claim 4 , further comprising a second piston retaining member guide including a second guide channel in which said second piston ...

HORIZONTAL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AUTOCLAVE AND APPARATUS THEREOF

The invention discloses a horizontal supercritical fluid autoclave and an apparatus thereof, and the autoclave including an autoclave body, an end cover, a material frame, a wedge block and a wedge block driving device, wherein the autoclave body is horizontally arranged, and the wedge block driving device can drive the wedge block to move in the radial direction, so that the wedge block can be clamped into a clamping groove at the inner wall of the open end of the autoclave body to lock the end cover or can be separated from the clamping groove of the autoclave body to open the cover. The end cover is small in size and light in weight, and the wedge block type cover mechanism with quick unlocking and locking is adopted; and the structure is simple, the opening/closing of the end cover is simpler and more convenient, and the installation space is saved. 17-. (canceled)8. A horizontal supercritical fluid processing apparatus , comprising a horizontal supercritical fluid autoclave and a cover opening auxiliary device;wherein the horizontal supercritical fluid autoclave comprises an autoclave body, an end cover, at least two wedge blocks and at least two wedge block driving devices,wherein the autoclave body is horizontally arranged, an interior of the autoclave body is hollow, one end of the autoclave body is opened to form an open end, and the other end of the autoclave body is closed to form a sealed end; the autoclave body is provided with a high-pressure fluid inlet and a high-pressure fluid outlet which are respectively communicated with the interior of the autoclave body, and an inner wall of the open end of the autoclave body is provided with clamping grooves for clamping and matching with the wedge blocks; the end cover is sealingly mounted in the open end of the autoclave body to seal the open end of the autoclave body, the wedge block driving devices are mounted at an outer end part of the end cover, the wedge block driving devices are in transmission ...

Horizontal supercritical fluid foaming autoclave with internal stirring device

The invention discloses a horizontal supercritical fluid foaming autoclave with an internal stirring device, comprising a horizontal autoclave body, an end cover, a stirring driver and a stirring paddle, wherein a stirring shaft of the stirring driver passes through the autoclave body and is connected with the stirring paddle positioned inside the autoclave body. The stirring driver of the invention can drive the stirring paddle to rotate, drive the fluid in the autoclave body to generate convection circulation, increase convection heat transfer, improve a uniform distribution degree of the temperature in the autoclave, enable the temperature in each position in the autoclave body to be consistent, ensure the consistency of the shape and parameters of foamed products, and improve the yield of the products.

PORTABLE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION APPARATUS

A portable supercritical fluid extraction apparatus, comprising: 1. A portable supercritical fluid extraction apparatus , comprising:(i) pressure vessel for generating a supercritical fluid therein;(ii) a liquid solvent supply tank;(iii) a means for interconnecting said pressure vessel and said liquid solvent supply tank at a predetermined angle for delivery therethrough said interconnecting means of a liquid solvent from the liquid solvent supply tank to the pressure vessel; and(iv) a heating component for heating contents of the pressure vessel to produce a supercritical fluid therein.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , additionally comprising a sample infuser in fluid communication with the pressure vessel claim 1 , said sample infuser configured for receiving a sample therein and infusing the sample with the supercritical fluid to produce an extract therefrom.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the sample infuser has a shape selected from one of a cylindrical tube claim 2 , tube having a hairpin shape claim 2 , a portafilter shape claim 2 , conical shape claim 2 , a spherical shape claim 2 , and a ball shape.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , additionally comprising a receiving tank in fluid communication with the pressure vessel claim 1 , for receiving the extract therein.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the receiving tank is provided with a vent for venting solvent.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the receiving tank is provided with an access port.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , additionally comprising a heating means for the pressure vessel.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the heating means is one of a heating wrap claim 7 , heating block claim 7 , and a heating jacket.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said pressure vessel is fabricated with a metal material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , copper claim 1 , and titanium alloy.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said liquid solvent ...

HIGH-PRESSURE REACTOR FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MELAMINE

Reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea, in accordance with the high-pressure non-catalytic process, comprising: a vertical reactor body (), at least one inlet () for the urea melt, a set of heating elements (), and a central duct (), said set of heating elements () being arranged inside said central duct. 1. A process for the high-pressure synthesis of melamine from a urea feed , comprising a primary reaction stage in which urea is converted into melamine with an endothermic reaction , inside a vertical reactor ,wherein said primary reaction stage is performed with a circulatory flow in a liquid mass comprising melamine and urea, said flow comprising:a descending flow through a central portion of said reactor, said flow being directly heated by heating elements installed in said central portion of reactor and in contact with the liquid mass, and an ascending flow in a peripheral reaction zone which is arranged around said central portion and is without heating elements,the urea feed being introduce into said peripheral zone.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure is at least 70 bar.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure is between 70 and 250 bar. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/123,924, filed Sep. 6, 2016, which is a national phase of PCT/EP2015/054807, filed Mar. 9, 2015, which claims priority to European Patent Application No. 14159283.2 filed Mar. 12, 2014, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.The invention relates to a high-pressure reactor for the synthesis of melamine.The processes for the synthesis of melamine from urea are commonly classified as low-pressure catalytic processes, typically below 1 MPa, and high-pressure non-catalytic catalytic processes, typically above 7 MPa. These processes are well-known in literature (see for example Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th ed., vol. 21, p. 205).One of the known ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ETHYLENE COPOLYMER IN A TUBULAR REACTOR

The invention relates to a process a system and a high pressure pump for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene and a di- or higher functional (meth) acrylate in a tubular reactor, comprising the steps of: injecting ethylene at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure compressor and injecting the (meth)acrylate at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump comprises—a pump suction chamber for receiving a medium to be compressed; —a cylinder for receiving the medium to be compressed from the pump suction chamber; —an outlet for discharging a compressed medium from the cylinder, —a seal fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder at an end of the cylinder distal to the outlet and —a plunger movable in the cylinder by sliding through the seal, wherein a leakage gap is present along the plunger and the leakage gap is fluidly connected to the pump suction chamber. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylate is cooled before entering the high pressure pump.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the meth(acrylate) is fed to the high pressure pump at a temperature of at most 10° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the seal is made of PTFE.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the meth(acrylate) is fed to the high pressure pump from a feed passage provided with a cooling unit supplied with chilled water.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high pressure pump is cooled by a flushing oil cooler claim 1 , wherein the flushing oil cooler is supplied with chilled water.7. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the cooling unit and the flushing oil cooler are supplied with chilled water from a single chilled water unit.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymerisation takes place at a peak temperature between 290° C. and 350° C.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylate is applied in ...

THERMAL STRIPPING UREA PLANT AND PROCESS

The disclosure pertains to an urea production plant and process using a thermal stripper, wherein the reaction mixture is separated in two parts, wherein the first part is supplied at least in part to the thermal stripper and the second part at least in part bypasses the thermal stripper and is supplied to a medium pressure recovery section. 1. A urea production process carried out in a urea production plant of the thermal stripping type , the plant comprising a high pressure (HP) synthesis section and a first and a second medium pressure (MP) recovery section , wherein the HP synthesis section comprises a HP reaction zone , a HP stripper of the thermal stripping type , a HP carbamate condenser , and a separator , wherein the HP stripper has an outlet for stripped urea solution connected to the first MP recovery section and an outlet for gas connected to the HP carbamate condenser ,the process comprising:separating the reaction mixture from the reaction zone at high pressure in said separator into a first stream and a second stream, wherein the first stream and the second stream both contain a liquid phase containing urea;supplying the first stream at least in part to the HP stripper; andsupplying the second stream at least in part to the second medium pressure recovery section,wherein the first stream has a lower gravimetric density than the second stream and the first stream is an ammonia-rich first stream having a higher concentration of ammonia than the second stream.2. (canceled)3. The urea production process according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises:degassing the second stream in the separator;measuring the N/C ratio of the degassed second stream; andsupplying the degassed second stream to the second MP recovery section bypassing the HP stripper.4. The urea production process according to claim 1 , wherein the first MP recovery section comprises a first MP decomposer claim 1 , a first MP carbamate condenser claim 1 , a medium pressure separation ...

HIGH PRESSURE FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONS

A process to form an ethylene-based polymer comprising, in polymerized form, ethylene and at least one acid comonomer, said process comprising polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising the ethylene and the acid comonomer, in a reactor configuration comprising at least one Secondary compressor, at least one pressurization device, and at least one reactor selected from the following: at least one autoclave reactor, at least one tubular reactor, or a combination thereof; and wherein the reaction mixture is polymerized in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator, and at a pressure of at least 1000 Bar; and wherein at least a portion of a comonomer composition comprising at least a portion of the acid comonomer used in the polymerization, is compressed, to form a compressed comonomer composition, in the pressurization device, up to a discharge pressure ranging from 1000 Bar to 4000 Bar, and at a discharge temperature (DT) from 10 C to 100 C; and wherein the compressed comonomer composition bypasses the Secondary compressor, and is fed, downstream from the Secondary compressor, into the reactor, and/or into one or more feed streams to the reactor. 1. A process to form an ethylene-based polymer comprising , in polymerized form , ethylene and at least one acid comonomer ,said process comprising polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising the ethylene and the acid comonomer, in a reactor configuration comprising at least one Secondary compressor, at least one pressurization device, and at least one reactor selected from the following: at least one autoclave reactor, at least one tubular reactor, or a combination thereof; andwherein the reaction mixture is polymerized in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator, and at a pressure of at least 1000 Bar; andwherein at least a portion of a comonomer composition comprising at least a portion of the acid comonomer used in the polymerization, is compressed, to form a compressed comonomer composition, in the ...

Autoclave system and method

An autoclave system comprises an autoclave vessel 210, for performing a leaching operation on sacrificial ceramic cores (not shown) and a storage vessel 220 for containing caustic leaching fluid 230. Interposed in a fluid flow path between the vessel 210 and the tank 220 is a heat exchange unit 240, comprising a body 250 containing a thermal exchange medium, in the form of water 260, and first and second thermal exchange conduits represented at 270 and 280. A thermal exchange medium inlet pipe 290a and a thermal exchange medium outlet pipe 290b are provided to the body so that the medium 260 can be replenished, preferably substantially continuously, to optimize thermal transfer efficiency.

Method of manufacturing a pressure vessel for growing single crystals

An object of the present invention is to manufacture single crystals of high quality on an industrial production scale by preventing impurities from being mixed in single crystals when the single crystals are produced by the solvothermal method. A pressure vessel body 1, in which a supercritical state is maintained, is made of heat resistant alloy, a portion of the pressure vessel body is open, a corrosion-resistant mechanical lining 5 is provided on an inner face of the pressure vessel and on an entire outer circumferential edge of the opening, and the opening is sealed by an airtight mating face formed out of a corrosion-resistant mechanical lining, which is formed on the outer circumferential edge of the opening, and by an airtight mating face of the corrosion-resistant mechanical lining cover 6 on an inner face of the cover 3 through a corrosion-resistant gasket member. Since the pressure vessel body and the inner face of the cover are covered with the corrosion-resistant mechanical lining, corrosion can be prevented. The corrosion-resistant mechanical lining ensures the sealing property on the airtight mating face between the pressure vessel body and the cover and further effectively prevents corrosion in the airtight sealing portion and it becomes possible to repeatedly open and close the airtight sealing portion.

A REACTOR VESSEL FOR BIOMASS MATERIAL

A reactor vessel () for biomass material, wherein said reactor vessel () is a pressurized reactor vessel, said reactor vessel being elongated and comprising: a substantially tubular vessel part (); two gables () connected one to each end () of the tubular vessel part (), hereby enclosing a vessel internal compartment (); and a material transporting screw () comprising a central shaft () provided within the vessel internal compartment () extending between the two gables () along a central axis (A) of the reactor vessel (), wherein said material transporting screw further comprises screw flight () provided around the shaft (), wherein said material transporting screw is configured for transporting the biomass material through the reactor vessel, wherein both gables () are inwardly dished. 2. A reactor vessel according to claim 1 , wherein the central shaft is supported by bearings mounted on the gables in each end such that it can rotate around its longitudinal axis and wherein the central shaft is protruding out through at least one of the gables claim 1 , wherein said central shaft further is arranged to be connected to a rotation device configured for rotating said central shaft around its longitudinal axis.3. A reactor vessel according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein it further comprises:an inlet for receiving said biomass material into said vessel internal compartment, said inlet being provided centered to a first position, which is closer to a first end of said tubular vessel part than a second opposite end of said tubular vessel part; andan outlet for discharging said biomass material out from the vessel internal compartment after having passed through the vessel internal compartment, said outlet being provided centered to a second position which is closer to the second end than the first end of said tubular vessel part.412. A reactor vessel according to claim 3 , wherein said first position is provided at a first distance (d) from the ...

High temperature pressure digestion vessel system with dual action seal

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position.

Reaction chamber for supercritical water oxidation reactor

Fuel mixed in water is combusted in a reactor having an internal operating pressure and temperature greater than 3200 psi and greater than 374° C., where the combustion of the fuel is exothermic. Air and fuel are pressurized for introduction into the reactor to a pressure greater than the internal operating pressure using energy generated from the combustion of the fuel, and the pressurized air and the pressurized fuel are injected into the reactor. Pressurized water from the reactor is injected into a drive water column that is partially filled with water to increase a pressure of the drive water column, and water at a temperature less than 100° C. is injected into the reactor to replace water from the reactor that is injected into the drive water column. Pressurized water from the drive water column is used to drive a hydroelectric drive system to produce electrical power.

Accelerated Aging of Alcohol Spirits

Alcoholic spirits may be artificially aged under highly pressurized carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may form carbonic acid, which may cause various esters to form in the presence of wood as well as to mellow the flavor when no wood is present. Wood may be pretreated with ozone, which may extract lignin which may further convert to vanillin during pressurized CO2 treatment, giving a vanilla note. After processing with pressurized CO2, a post-treatment of ozone may be given to the spirit, which may cause a mild oxidation and further mellowing of the spirit. 1. A system comprising:a machine frame;a pressure vessel;a carbon dioxide pressurization source;a heating mechanism;at least one processor; detecting that said pressure vessel is attached to said machine frame, said pressure vessel containing unprocessed alcohol spirits;', 'causing said carbon dioxide pressurization source to pressurize said pressure vessel with carbon dioxide;', 'causing said heating mechanism to heat said alcohol spirits in said pressure vessel while pressure with said carbon dioxide;', 'holding said pressure vessel at pressure for a first predefined time; and', 'after said first predetermined time, releasing said carbon dioxide under pressure., 'a method performed by said at least one processor, said method comprising2. The system of claim 1 , said carbon dioxide being pressure in said pressure vessel to at least 30 psi.3. The system of claim 2 , said carbon dioxide being pressure in said pressure vessel to at least one of the following group of pressures: 40 psi claim 2 , 50 psi claim 2 , 60 psi claim 2 , 70 psi claim 2 , 80 psi claim 2 , 100 psi claim 2 , 120 psi claim 2 , 140 psi claim 2 , and 160 psi.4. The system of claim 2 , said heating mechanism causing said alcohol spirits to be heated to at least 80 F.5. The system of claim 4 , said heating mechanism causing said alcohol spirits to be heated to at least one of the following group of temperatures: 90 F claim 4 , 100 F claim 4 , 110 F ...

Mixing Reactor and Related Process

A mixing reactor for precipitating nanoparticles by mixing a precursor fluid with a second fluid at a higher temperature than the precursor fluid. The reactor comprises: a first fluid conduit with an inlet region configured to receive a flow of the precursor fluid, and an outlet region configured to output a mixed flow; and a second fluid conduit configured to receive a flow of the second fluid. The second fluid conduit extends into the first fluid conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow within the first fluid conduit, and has an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit. Related processes for producing nanoparticles are disclosed. 1. A method for precipitating nanoparticles by mixing a precursor fluid with a second fluid at higher temperature than the precursor fluid , the method comprising: flowing the precursor fluid into a mixing reactor through a first fluid conduit , introducing the second fluid to the first fluid conduit via a second fluid conduit which extends into the first fluid conduit , the second fluid conduit having an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit , wherein the second fluid comprises superheated water , and the second fluid conduit extends into the first fluid conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow in the first fluid conduit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises: the first fluid conduit claim 1 , the first fluid conduit having an inlet region configured to receive the flow of the precursor fluid claim 1 , and an outlet region configured to output a mixed flow; and the second fluid conduit claim 1 , the second fluid conduit having an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the inlet region is substantially co-axial with the outlet region.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the flow in both the inlet region and outlet region ...

Process for the preparation of N-alkyl-nitratoethylnitramines

The present invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of N-alkyl-nitratoethylnitramines (e.g. NENA compounds, DINA). 3. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that after the reactions the reaction mixture is brought into contact with water or an aqueous alkaline solution.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that R is a methyl claim 1 , ethyl or butyl group or a group of the formula —CH—CH—O—NOand R′ is a methyl claim 1 , ethyl or butyl group or a group of the formula —CH—CH—OH.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reactions are carried out in one or more continuous flow reactor(s).6. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reactions are carried out in one or more tubular reactor(s).7. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reactions are carried out in one or more microreactor(s).8. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reactions are carried out at a pressure of from 0.5 bar above atmospheric pressure up to a pressure of 18 bar above atmospheric pressure.9. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reaction with nitric acid is carried out at a temperature of from −20° C. to 30° C.10. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the reaction with a mixture of at least one acid anhydride and a chloride-containing catalyst is carried out at a temperature of from 20° C. to 60° C.11. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that acetic anhydride is used as acid anhydride.12. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that hydrogen chloride is used as chloride-containing catalyst.13. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the nitric acid used in the reaction is used with a concentration of from 75 to 96% in water.14. The process according to claim 1 , characterised in that a mixture of ethyl-NENA (R=ethyl) and methyl-NENA (R=methyl) is prepared.15. The process ...

HIGH PRESSURE, FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONS TO PRODUCE ETHYLENE-BASED POLYMERS

A high pressure polymerization, as described herein, to form an ethylene-based polymer, comprising the following steps: polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a reactor system comprising at least three ethylene-based feed streams and a reactor configuration that comprises at least four reaction zones, and at least one of the following a) through c), is met: (a) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene stream to the first zone comes from a high pressure recycle, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system; and/or (b) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene stream to first zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from a high pressure recycle; and/or (c) the ethylene stream to the first zone, and/or the last ethylene stream to a zone, each comprises a controlled composition; and wherein each ethylene stream to a zone receives an output from two or more cylinders of the last compressor stage of a Hyper compressor system. 1. A high pressure polymerization process to form an ethylene-based polymer , the process comprising at least the following steps:polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a reactor system comprising at least three ethylene-based feed streams and a reactor configuration that comprises at least four reaction zones, andwherein at least one of the following distributions a) through c), is met:(a) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene-based feed stream to the first reaction zone comes from a high pressure recycle, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene-based feed stream to a reaction zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system; and/or(b) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene-based feed stream to first reaction zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene-based feed stream to a reaction zone comes from a high pressure ...

PRESSURE-RELEASE VESSEL WITH RIGID PROPORTIONAL LINER AND ASSOCIATED MICROWAVE-ASSISTED CHEMISTRY METHODS

A structural improvement for microwave-assisted high temperature high-pressure chemistry vessel systems is disclosed that among other advantages offers dynamic venting and resealing while a reaction proceeds and eliminates the risk of cross contamination associated with systems that use a common pressurized chamber. The improvement includes a relatively thin-walled disposable liner cylinder that includes one closed end and one open end defining a mouth, and a liner cap positioned in the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder for closing the rigid liner cylinder. The liner cap includes a depending column that engages the inside diameter of the rigid liner cylinder, and a disk at one end of the depending column having a diameter sufficient to rest upon the rigid liner cylinder without falling into the rigid cylinder liner so that the cylindrical liner cap can rest in the rigid liner cylinder at the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder. The depending column, includes a passage to provide a gas venting space, and a dynamic venting action, between the liner cap and the rigid liner cylinder.

Apparatus and Process for High Pressure Polymerization of Ethylene

Disclosed are an apparatus and a process for polymerizing ethylene under high pressure providing more than one injection point for one initiator injection pump. 1. An apparatus for high pressure polymerization of ethylene , comprising a high pressure reactor in which monomer is polymerized to form a product mixture comprising polymer and unreacted monomer , wherein the reactor is provided with more than one reaction zone and at least one injection pump in fluid connection with the reactor , wherein each injection pump fluidly connects to the reactor at more than one injection point.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the total output of each injection pump is controlled by a pump discharge pressure controller.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least two flow control valves are used for each injection point.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a tubular reactor claim 1 , an autoclave claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a tubular reactor having at least three reaction zones and being provided with at least one cooling jacket in each reaction zone.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the tubular reactor has a maximum internal diameter of at least 65 mm.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a primary compressor for compressing monomer to an intermediate pressure and a secondary compressor for compressing the monomer to the pressure of the reactor upstream of the reactor;a high pressure let down valve downstream of the reactor through which the product mixture from the high pressure reactor flows;a separation system downstream of the high pressure let down valve having at least two stages for separating the product mixture into polymer and unreacted monomer; anda recycle system for returning the unreacted monomer to the secondary compressor.8. A process for high pressure polymerization of ethylene claim 1 , comprising the steps of:compressing monomer in a primary compressor to an ...

Accelerated Aging of Alcohol Spirits

Alcoholic spirits may be artificially aged under highly pressurized carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may form carbonic acid, which may cause various esters to form in the presence of wood as well as to mellow the flavor when no wood is present. Wood may be pretreated with ozone, which may extract lignin which may further convert to vanillin during pressurized CO2 treatment, giving a vanilla note. After processing with pressurized CO2, a post-treatment of ozone may be given to the spirit, which may cause a mild oxidation and further mellowing of the spirit. 1. A system comprising:a machine frame;a pressure vessel;a carbon dioxide pressurization source;a heating mechanism;at least one processor; detecting that said pressure vessel is attached to said machine frame, said pressure vessel containing unprocessed alcohol spirits;', 'causing said carbon dioxide pressurization source to pressurize said pressure vessel with carbon dioxide;', 'causing said heating mechanism to heat said alcohol spirits in said pressure vessel while pressure with said carbon dioxide;', 'holding said pressure vessel at pressure for a first predefined time; and', 'after said first predetermined time, releasing said carbon dioxide under pressure., 'a method performed by said at least one processor, said method comprising2. The system of claim 1 , said carbon dioxide being pressure in said pressure vessel to at least 30 psi.3. The system of claim 2 , said carbon dioxide being pressure in said pressure vessel to at least one of the following group of pressures: 40 psi claim 2 , 50 psi claim 2 , 60 psi claim 2 , 70 psi claim 2 , 80 psi claim 2 , 100 psi claim 2 , 120 psi claim 2 , 140 psi claim 2 , and 160 psi.4. The system of claim 2 , said heating mechanism causing said alcohol spirits to be heated to at least 80 F.5. The system of claim 4 , said heating mechanism causing said alcohol spirits to be heated to at least one of the following group of temperatures: 90 F claim 4 , 100 F claim 4 , 110 F ...

PRESSURE VESSEL

Provided is a highly practical pressure vessel in which there is minimal inside diameter deformation even if openings in a center inlet/outlet part are large, and there is little pressure-induced elongation from a center to both ends. This pressure vessel is composed of a tube body made of a fiber-reinforced resin, wherein: a center inlet/outlet part that lets a liquid in or out is provided to a tube-body-axial center part on a peripheral surface of the tube body; end-part inlet/outlet parts that let a fluid in or out are provided to tube-body-axial end parts of the tube body; the tube body is configured from a helical layer of which fibers are inclined at an angle of from ±40° to less than ±50° relative to a tube-body-axial direction, a reinforcing layer of which fibers are inclined at a greater angle than the helical layer relative to the tube-body-axial direction, and a seal layer constituting an innermost layer; a breakaway part that breaks away circumferentially outward from the seal layer is provided to a position on the helical layer where the center inlet/outlet part is provided; the reinforcing layer is configured from an inward reinforcing layer and an outward reinforcing layer provided respectively to inward and outward sides of the helical layer so as to enclose the breakaway part of the helical layer therebetween; and the center inlet/outlet part is provided so as to penetrate the inward reinforcing layer, the breakaway part of the helical layer, and the outward reinforcing layer.

POLYMERIZATION PROCESS WITH A PARTIAL SHUTDOWN PHASE

A process for polymerizing ethylene to obtain an ethylene-based polymer in a plant, wherein the plant includes a reactor in fluid communication with a recycle connection, wherein the process includes a polymerization phase, a partial shutdown phase, and the steps of reducing the pressure in the reactor for entering into the partial shutdown phase from the polymerization phase; and increasing the pressure in the reactor for exiting from the partial shutdown phase and re-entering the polymerization phase. 1. A process for polymerizing ethylene , and optionally one or more comonomers , to obtain an ethylene-based polymer in a plant having a polymerization reactor , a reactor inlet side , a reactor outlet side , a recycle connection , a product output , and a flow of fluid from the reactor outlet side into the recycle connection and from the recycle connection to the reactor inlet side , comprising the steps of:{'sub': r', 'c, 'sup': 1', '1, 'i. reacting ethylene, and optionally one or more comonomers, to obtain the ethylene-based polymer at an operating pressure in the reactor pand an operating pressure in the recycle connection pduring a polymerization phase;'}{'sub': r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r, 'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '2', '1, 'ii. reducing the pressure in the reactor from the pressure of pto a pressure of pby increasing the flow rate of fluid from the reactor outlet side of the plant into the recycle connection, wherein the relation of pand pis p≤0.85*pfor entering into a partial shutdown phase; and'}{'sub': r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r, 'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'iii. increasing the pressure in the reactor from the pressure of pto a pressure of p, wherein the relation of pand pis p≥1.1*pfor exiting from the partial shutdown phase and re-entering the polymerization phase'}wherein (a) the polymerization reactor has a reactor inlet and a reactor outlet, (b) the reactor inlet side is located upstream of the reactor inlet, (c) the reactor outlet side is located ...

PULSED COMPRESSION REACTORS AND METHODS FOR THEIR OPERATION

A pulsed compression reactor may include a reactor housing, a spring piston, and a driver piston. The reactor housing may define an interior volume, and may include a first passage and a second passage which lead to the interior volume. The spring piston may be positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a gas spring buffer chamber within the interior volume. The driver piston may be positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston, the driver piston, and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a reaction chamber within the interior volume. 1. A pulsed compression reactor comprising:a reactor housing defining an interior volume, the reactor housing comprising a first passage and a second passage which lead to the interior volume;a spring piston positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a gas spring buffer chamber within the interior volume; anda driver piston positioned within the interior volume, wherein the spring piston, the driver piston, and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a reaction chamber within the interior volume, and wherein the driver piston and the reactor housing at least partially define a perimeter of a primary driver chamber within the interior volume;wherein the pulsed compression reactor is operable to receive into the reaction chamber a reactant gas through the first passage, receive into the primary driver chamber a driver gas through the second passage which translates the driver piston towards the spring piston, and pass a reactant gas formed from the product gas from the reaction chamber through the first passage.2. The pulsed compression reactor of claim 1 , wherein the spring piston translates in a direction away from the driver piston when the reaction chamber receives the reactant gas claim 1 , such ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ETHYLENE HOMOPOLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS

A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facility having a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, wherein a reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet is heated in the preheater and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5. 1. A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facilityhaving i) a high-pressure tubular reactor used in a continuous flow mode with a reaction fluid comprising ethylene being introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet and polymer leaving the reactor at a reactor outlet and ii) a preheater having an inlet and an outlet, comprising the steps of:a) compressing the reaction fluid to an elevated pressure;b) heating at least a portion of the reaction fluid in the preheater;c) introducing the reaction fluid heated in step b) into the reactor at the reactor inlet; andd) polymerizing the reaction fluid at the elevated pressure in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators in the reactor, thereby yielding a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene homopolymers and ethylene copolymers,wherein the average velocity of the reaction fluid at the outlet of the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor at the reactor inlet and the ratio of the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor at the reactor inlet to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater at the outlet of the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step a) claim 1 , a piston compressor is used for compressing of the reaction fluid.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step a) claim 1 , the ...

Processes for reducing shutdown time of sub-systems in low-density polyethylene production

Processes for reducing shutdown time of a sub-system/ reactor component in an LDPE process. The process includes closing one or more pairs of upstream lock-out valves, each pair of upstream lock- out valves being located in an inlet stream upstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow into the reactor component through said inlet stream when said pair of upstream lock-out valves is closed; closing one or more pairs of downstream lock-out valves, each pair of downstream lock-out valves being located in an outlet stream downstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow out of the reactor component through said outlet stream when said pair of downstream lock-out valves is closed; depressurizing the reactor component; introducing purge gas comprising N 2 into the reactor component at and withdrawing the purge gas from the reactor component.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE POLYMERISATS AT PRESSURES ABOVE 500 BAR IN A PIPE REACTOR WITH INJECTION FINGER

Polymerization method with separated flow

Polymerization process using separated flow

Disclosed is a polymerization process comprising feeding a monomer as a raw material, a polymerization catalyst, and optionally, an inert medium to a tubular reactor in a pressurized state; permitting a part of the raw material monomer and the inert medium fed to the reactor to form a gas phase and the remainder to form a liquid phase, so that both of the gas phase comprising the raw material monomer and/or the inert medium and the liquid phase comprising the raw material monomer and/or the inert medium are present in the reactor, wherein said liquid phase may contain a resulting polymer as a solid, and so that a gas-liquid separated flow or a gas-liquid-solid separated flow has the gas phase that is continuous in the direction of flow is formed in the reactor; and polymerizing the raw material monomer while carrying the liquid phase by the gas phase flow, wherein the ratio of a volume flow rate of the liquid phase to a volume flow rate of the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor is 0.00001 to 100,000. According to the polymerization process, polymerization can be accomplished with excellent thermal efficiency and small power energy, and besides various polymers almost free from restrictions on their properties such as viscosities and melting points can be produced.

Polymerization process with a partial shutdown phase

A process for polymerizing ethylene to obtain an ethylene-based polymer in a plant, wherein the plant includes a reactor in fluid communication with a recycle connection, wherein the process comprises a polymerization phase, a partial shutdown phase, and the steps of reducing the pressure in the reactor for entering from the polymerization phase into the partial shutdown phase; and increasing the pressure in the reactor for exiting from the partial shutdown phase and re-entering the polymerization phase.

Apparatus for the production of polyethylene and ethylene copolymers

THE INVENTION PROVIDES AN APPARATUS AND A PROCESS FOR THE HIGH PRESSURE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE, OPTIONALLY WITH ONE OR MORE COMONOMERS, IN WHICH UNREACTED MONORNER IS SEPARATED FROM THE POLYMER IN A SEPARATION SYSTEM HAVING AT LEAST FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD SEPARATION VESSELS (10, 12, 13)AND IN WHICH OFF GAS FROM THE SECOND VESSEL (12) IS RECOMBINED BACK INTO THE PRODUCT MIXTURE UPSTREAM OF THE FIRST SEPARATION VESSEL (10), PREFERABLY USING A JET PUMP (9).

Method and apparatus for controlling a reactor

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

High pressure tublar reaction device

Patent JPS5729481B2

Tubular reactor for carrying out catalytic gas-phase reactions and method for operating said reactor

Process for the manufacture of ethylenpolymers at a pressure of at least 500 bar in a tubular reactor with injection finger

采用分离的物流的聚合方法

揭示了一种聚合方法，它包括向处于加压态的管式反应器中输入作为原料的单体、聚合反应催化剂和任选的惰性介质；使一部分原料单体和惰性介质形成气相，剩余部分形成液相，因此在反应器中有气液两相，其中所述的液相含有产生的聚合物固体，并且在反应器内形成了具有在流动方向上连续的气相的气-液分离的物流或气-液-固分离的物流；聚合原料单体并由气相流载运液相，在反应器的出口，液相与气相的体积流速比为0.00001-100,000。该聚合方法能以高热效率和低能耗完成聚合反应，并能制备各种聚合物。

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HOMOPOLYMERS, CO- AND TERPOLYMERISATES AND POLYMER ALLOYS OF ETHYLENE

process and device for the production of polyethylene in tubular reactors.

Chemical reactors

1482148 Chemical reactor MONTEDISON SpA 15 Oct 1974 [17 Oct 1973] 44908/74 Heading B1X [Also in Division C3] A chemical reactor in the form of a closed loop comprises a number of sections detachably connected in sequence, the sections comprising a pump for circulating reaction medium around the loop a delivery section having from 5 to 30% of the volume of the reactor, a central section shorter than the delivery section, and a further section leading back to the pump. Unsaturated esters or vinyl monomers e.g. vinyl acetate, may be polymerised in emulsion or in solution in the reactor. Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers and vinyl acetateethylene-vinyl chloride terpolymers may also be prepared.

Polymerization process with a partial shutdown phase

A process for polymerizing ethylene to obtain an ethylene-based polymer in a plant, wherein the plant includes a reactor in fluid communication with a recycle connection, wherein the process comprises a polymerization phase, a partial shutdown phase, and the steps of reducing the pressure in the reactor for entering from the polymerization phase into the partial shutdown phase; and increasing the pressure in the reactor for exiting from the partial shutdown phase and re-entering the polymerization phase.

Flow reactor of non-equilibrium open type

A flow reactor for liquid-phase polymerization reaction, which enables controlling the degree of polymerization for, for example, amino acid polymerization, wherein the liquid reaction mixture containing the organic reactive molecules to be polymerized is emitted from a high-temperature high-pressure part (A) to a low-temperature high-pressure part (B) via a circulation line (C), whereby inhibiting the decomposition of the polymer product in the low-temperature high-pressure part (B), after which the polymer product is once again sent to the high-temperature high-pressure part (A) through the circulation line for further polymerization, and the same cycle is repeated.

Polymerization process under pressure in an annular equipment

An annular reactor for polymerizing and copolymerizing vinyl esters characterized by the fact that the height to width ratio is greater than 1 and preferably greater than 5, that there is a circulating pump in the lower leg of the reactor and that the pump delivery volume of the reactor is between 5 and 30 percent of the reactor total volume, and preferably about 15 percent of the reactor total volume. Methods of polymerizing and copolymerizing vinyl monomers in such a reactor are also disclosed.

DEVICE FOR OBTAINING POLYETHYLENE AND ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS

В заявке описано устройство и способ полимеризации этилена при высоком давлении, по желанию, в присутствии одного и более сомономеров, в котором непрореагировавший мономер отделяется от полимера в системе разделения, включающей по меньшей мере первый, второй и третий разделительные сосуды, и в котором газ, отходящий от второго сосуда, подлежит повторному объединению с продуктовой смесью в месте, располагаемом до первого разделительного сосуда, предпочтительно при использовании насоса-эжектора. The application describes an apparatus and a method for polymerizing ethylene at high pressure, optionally in the presence of one or more comonomers, in which unreacted monomer is separated from the polymer in a separation system comprising at least first, second and third separation vessels, and in which gas, leaving the second vessel is to be re-combined with the product mixture at a location located before the first separation vessel, preferably using an ejector pump.

Methods of controlling shutdown of reactor systems

Controlling the shutdown of a polyethylene reactor system that includes a secondary compressor, a reactor, a high pressure let down valve (HPLDV), a high-pressure separator, and a high-pressure recycle gas system is provided. After a partial or complete shutdown of secondary compressor, HPLDV opens to a pre-set open position until the reactor pressure reduces to either a pre-set reduced pressure limit or a until the slope of the reactor gas density to reactor pressure exceeds 0.15. The HPLDV controls the pressure to a pressure set point.

Device for feeding reactor initiators

The invention relates to a method for producing polyethylene in tubular reactors with or without autoclaves, whereby a liquid medium current containing ethylene and comonomers is supplied to a radical chain initiator with or without cold ethylene. Torsion is produced between two currents (61, 62) to be mixed at an angle (66), or a torsion element (20, 80) is provided in the cross-section of the current (27, 28). A contraction of the cross-section (63, 67, 71) is formed in the region of a feeding point (72, 81) for a radical chain initiator, at which point the radical chain initiator is supplied in the current having torsion (61, 62, 70), through an eccentric, optimised outlet (44) of a feeding finger (40).

Portable powered paint system

A portable electric powered or pneumatic powered paint system designed to worn in a typical workman's tool belt and thus accompany the painter as he moves from wall to wall and room to room without the restriction of electrical cords plugged into wall outlets or air hoses connected to an air compressor. The electrically powered embodiment of the invention consists of a paint reservoir, an electric paint pump, a power pack of two or more 18 Volt batteries, a paint applicator and associated paint supply tubing for transfer of paint from the reservoir to the paint applicator. The pneumatic embodiment of the invention replaces the electric paint pump and battery power pack with a pressurized air bottle and pressure regulator. Both embodiments of the invention provide the painter with a self-contained powered painting system.

Device for feeding reactor initiators

The invention relates to a method for producing polyethylene in tubular reactors with or without autoclaves, whereby a liquid medium current containing ethylene and comonomers is supplied to a radical chain initiator with or without cold ethylene. Torsion is produced between two currents (61, 62) to be mixed at an angle (66), or a torsion element (20, 80) is provided in the cross-section of the current (27, 28). A contraction of the cross-section (63, 67, 71) is formed in the region of a feeding point (72, 81) for a radical chain initiator, at which point the radical chain initiator is supplied in the current having torsion (61, 62, 70), through an eccentric, optimised outlet (44) of a feeding finger (40).

Device for feeding reactor initiators

In a process for preparing polyethylene in tube reactors with or without autoclaves, where a free-radical initiator is introduced with or without cold ethylene into a flowing ethylene- and comonomer-containing medium, rotation is generated between two streams ( 61, 62 ) to be mixed at an angle ( 66 ) or by provision of a swirl element ( 20, 80 ) in the flow cross section ( 27, 28 ). In the region of a feed point ( 72, 81 ) for a free-radical initiator, there is provided a cross-sectional constriction ( 63, 67, 71 ) at which the free-radical initiator is introduced through an optimized off-center outlet opening ( 44 ) of an introduction finger ( 40 ) into the rotating flow ( 61, 62, 70 ).

Device for feeding reactor initiators

본 발명은 오토클레이브(autoclave)를 갖거나 또는 갖지 않은 관형 반응기에서 폴리에틸렌을 제조하는 방법에 대한 것이며, 이 반응기에서 에틸렌과 공단량체를 포함하는 액체 매체 유동(current)이 저온의 에틸렌과 함께 또는 에틸렌없이 라디칼 연쇄반응 개시제(radical chain initiator)에 공급된다. 두 유동(61, 62) 사이에 토션(torsion)이 생겨 소정의 각도(66)로 혼합되거나, 또는 토션 부재(20, 80)가 유동 단면(27, 28)에 제공된다. 단면 수축부(63, 67, 71; contraction of cross-section)가 라디칼 연쇄반응 개시제의 공급 지점(72, 81)의 영역에 형성되며, 이 지점에서 라디칼 연쇄반응 개시제가 공급 핑거(40; feeding finger)의 최적화된 편심 출구(44)를 통해 토션을 갖는 유동(61, 62, 70)에 공급된다. The present invention is directed to a process for producing polyethylene in a tubular reactor with or without autoclave, in which the liquid medium current comprising ethylene and comonomers is with or without ethylene at low temperature. To a radical chain initiator without A torsion occurs between the two flows 61, 62 and is mixed at a predetermined angle 66, or the torsion members 20, 80 are provided on the flow sections 27, 28. A contraction of cross-section (63, 67, 71) is formed in the region of feed points (72, 81) of the radical chain reaction initiator, at which point the radical chain reaction initiator is fed to the feeding finger (40). Is fed to flows 61, 62, 70 with torsion through an optimized eccentric outlet 44.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYAETHYLENE

Procedimiento para la obtencion de polimeros de etileno a presiones por encima de 500 bares en un reactor tubular con dedo de inyeccion.

LA INVENCION TRATA DE UN PROCEDIMIENTO: QUE SE UTILIZA PARA PRODUCIR POLIMERIZADOS DE ETILENO: CONSISTE EN HOMOPOLIMERIZAR O COPOLIMERIZAR ETILENO CON COMPUESTOS COPOLIMERIZABLES CON ETILENO, EN UN SISTEMA DE POLIMERIZACION TUBULAR Y DE ACCIONAMIENTO CONTINUO, A UNA PRESION ENTRE 500 Y 5000 BAR, ENTRE 40 Y 450 C Y EN PRESENCIA DE INICIADORES DE POLIMERIZACION DESINTEGRADOS RADICALMENTE Y SE CARACTERIZA PORQUE SE SUMINISTRA EN EL SISTEMA DE POLIMERIZACION UN INICIADOR MEZCLADO CON UN CNOMERO, OXIGENO Y/O UN REGULADOR Y ORIENTADO EN UNA SEGUNDA POSICION DETRAS DE LA POSICION DE ENTRADA DEL ETILENO EN EL REACTOR Y EL INICIADOR SE INTRODUCE EN EL SISTEMA DE POLIMERIZACION POR INYECCION DIGITAL.

Process for the production of ethylene polymers at pressures above 500 bar in a tubular reactor with an injection finger.

Device for initiator feed to reactors

The invention relates to a method for producing polyethylene in tubular reactors with or without autoclaves, whereby a liquid medium current containing ethylene and comonomers is supplied to a radical chain initiator with or without cold ethylene. Torsion is produced between two currents (61, 62) to be mixed at an angle (66), or a torsion element (20, 80) is provided in the cross-section of the current (27, 28). A contraction of the cross-section (63, 67, 71) is formed in the region of a feeding point (72, 81) for a radical chain initiator, at which point the radical chain initiator is supplied in the current having torsion (61, 62, 70), through an eccentric, optimised outlet (44) of a feeding finger (40).

Process for the manufacture of ethylenpolymers at a pressure of at least 500 bar in a tubular reactor with injection finger

A process for the preparation of ethylene polymers by homopolymerisation of ethylene or copolymerisation of ethylene with ethylene-copolymerisable compounds in a continuous, tubular polymerisation system at pressures of from 500 to 5000 bar and temperatures of from 40 to 450 DEG C in the presence of polymerisation initiators which decompose to form free radicals, in which ethylene, optionally mixed with comonomer, oxygen and/or regulator, and an initiator, at least at a second point after the inlet point, are fed to the polymerisation system at its inlet point, the initiator being introduced into the polymerisation system via an injection finger.

METHOD AND RING-SHAPED REACTION DEVICE FOR POLYMERIZATION OR COPOLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS VINYL MONOMERS

Werkwijze voor polymerisatie onder druk in een buisvormige reactor.

PROCESS AND RING-SHAPED REACTION DEVICE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION AND COPOLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS VINYL MONOMERS

Continuous autoclave

Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen hydrothermalen Behandlung von Beschickungsgut, wobei die Vorrichtung wenigstens a) einen das Beschickungsgut aufnehmenden Reaktionsabschnitt; b) eine Heizvorrichtung; c) eine Vorrichtung zur Druckerzeugung; und d) einen Produktaustragungsabschnitt mit einer Kühlvorrichtung, die einer Produktaustrittsöffnung nachgeschaltet ist, umfasst, wobei der das Beschickungsgut aufnehmende Reaktionsabschnitt wenigstens ein Rührelement und wenigstens ein Strömungswiderstandselement aufweist. Apparatus for the continuous hydrothermal treatment of feed material, the apparatus being at least a) a reaction section receiving the feedstock; b) a heating device; c) a device for generating pressure; and d) comprises a product discharge section with a cooling device, which is connected downstream of a product outlet opening, wherein the reaction section receiving the feed comprises at least one stirring element and at least one flow resistance element.

Almacenamiento y transporte de un catalizador para la producción de polímeros de olefina

Tambor (1) de presión para llenar, almacenar, transportar y descargar un catalizador (3) para la producción de polímeros de olefina, el tambor (1) de presión comprende un cuerpo (7) cilíndrico con un primer extremo (9) y un segundo extremo (11); una primera cabeza 5 (13) torisférica; una segunda cabeza (15) torisférica; un primer elemento (19) de acoplamiento que se adapta para permitir un flujo desde y hacia el tambor (1) de presión; un segundo elemento (21) de acoplamiento que se adapta para permitir un flujo de un gas (5) inerte en el tambor (1) de presión; un tercer elemento (23) de acoplamiento que se adapta para permitir un flujo del catalizador (3) en el tambor (1) de presión; un cuarto elemento (25) de acoplamiento que se adapta para permitir una salida del catalizador (3) desde el tambor (1) de presión; en el que el primer elemento (19) de acoplamiento, el segundo elemento (21) de acoplamiento, el tercer elemento (23) de acoplamiento y el cuarto elemento (25) de acoplamiento se integran en la primera cabeza (13) torisférica; un elemento (27) de medición de presión proporcionado en el primer elemento (19) de acoplamiento; en el que la primera cabeza (13) torisférica se dispone en el primer extremo (9) del cuerpo (7) cilíndrico y la segunda cabeza (15) torisférica se dispone en el segundo extremo (11) del cuerpo (7) cilíndrico; en el que la primera cabeza (13) torisférica y la segunda cabeza (15) torisférica se conectan al cuerpo (7) cilíndrico mediante soldadura (17) de penetración total en tal forma que el tambor (1) de presión se adapta para soportar presiones entre -0.5 y 9 bar g, y en el que el cuerpo (7) cilíndrico, la primera cabeza (13) torisférica y la segunda cabeza (15) torisférica se elaboran de acero inoxidable, y comprenden un grosor de pared de 1.5 a 3 mm.

用于向反应器供给引发剂的装置

本发明涉及一种在有或没有高压釜的情况下在管反应器中制备聚乙烯的方法，其中，在有或没有冷乙烯的情况下，将包含乙烯和共聚单体的液体介质流供给自由基链反应器。在以一定角度(66)混合的两个气流(61、62)之间产生扭转，或者通过在流动截面(27、28)中提供涡流元件(20、80)而产生旋转。在自由基引发剂的供给点(72、81)区域中提供有截面收缩部分(63、67；71)，在该截面收缩部分，自由基引发剂通过供给指(40)的优化的偏离中心的出口孔(44)而被引入旋转流(61、62；70)中。

Polymerization process using separated flow

A polymerisation process comprising feeding monomer, polymerisation catalyst and, optionally, an inert medium, to a reactor maintained under pressure and polymerising the monomer so as to form a polymer wherein the monomer, polymer and any inert medium are permitted to form a gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid separated flow, the gas phase of the separated flow being continuous in the direction of flow and the liquid phase being carried by the gas flow, the ratio of the volume flow rate of the liquid phase to the volume flow rate of the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor being from 0.00001:1 to 100,000:1.

Устройство для ввода инициатора в реакторы

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2003 120 067 (13) A C 08 F 10/02 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2003120067/15, 27.11.2001 (71) Çà âèòåëü(è): ÁÀÇÅËËÜ ÏÎËÈÎËÅÔÈÍÅ ÃÌÁÕ (DE) (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 05.12.2000 DE 10060372.6 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.02.2005 Áþë. ¹ 4 (86) Çà âêà PCT: EP 01/13788 (27.11.2001) (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 02/48214 (20.06.2002) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Ã.Á. Åãîðîâîé R U Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ñïîñîá ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïîëèýòèëåíà â òðóá÷àòûõ ðåàêòîðàõ è/èëè â êîìáèíàöèè ñ àâòîêëàâàìè, ïðè êîòîðîì ê òåêóùåé æèäêîé ñðåäå, ñîäåðæàùåé ýòèëåí è ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè ñîìîíîìåð, ïîäâîä ò ðàäèêàëüíî-öåïíîé èíèöèàòîð, ñîäåðæàùèé, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, íèæåñëåäóþùèå ýòàïû ñïîñîáà: ïðîèçâîä ò çàêðó÷èâàíèå ïîñðåäñòâîì ñìåøèâàíè äâóõ ñìåøèâàåìûõ ïîòîêîâ (61, 62) ïîä óãëîì (66) èëè ïðîèçâîä ò çàêðó÷èâàíèå â ïîòîêå (61) ïîñðåäñòâîì çàêðó÷èâàþùåãî ýëåìåíòà (20); îáåñïå÷èâàþò ñóæåíèå (63, 67, 71) ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíè ñ çîíîé âïóñêà ïåðåä ó÷àñòêîì (72, 81) ââîäà ðàäèêàëüíî-öåïíîãî èíèöèàòîðà â ðåàêöèîííóþ òðóáó (1); ââîä ò ðàäèêàëüíî-öåïíîé èíèöèàòîð ïîñðåäñòâîì ýêñöåíòðè÷åñêîãî âûõîäíîãî îòâåðñòè (44) â òåêóùóþ, çàêðó÷åííóþ æèäêóþ ñðåäó (61, 62, 70); ïîäêëþ÷àþò çîíó ñìåøèâàíè è ðàñøèðåíèå ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíè ñî ñòîêîì. 2. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî íåñêîëüêî ðåàêöèîííûõ òðóá (1) ñîåäèí þò ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïðè÷åì èõ ó÷àñòêè (14) ñìåøèâàíè ðàçìåùàþò ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ãëàâíîìó ââîäó (17à) îõëàæäàþùåãî ãàçà. 3. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1 èëè 2, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî ðåàêöèîííîå òåïëî îòâîä ò ïîñðåäñòâîì îõëàäèòåë (18) ñòåíêè è ââåäåíè îõëàæäàþùåãî ãàçà (17). 4. Ñïîñîá ïî îäíîìó èëè íåñêîëüêèì ïï.1-3, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî ïîñðåäñòâîì íåñóùåãî ãàçà, ãëàâíîãî ïîòîêà (17à) îõëàæäàþùåãî ãàçà èëè îõëàæäàþùåãî ïàðàëëåëüíîãî ïîòîêà òåêóùåé æèäêîé ñðåäû, îòâåòâëåííîãî ïåðåä êîìïðåññîðîì, ...

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

A method for separating lignin conversion products from catalyst particles during a continuous catalytic conversion of a lignin feedstock to lignin conversion products comprising the steps of a. conducting the continuous catalytic conversion of the lignin feedstock to the lignin conversion products in the presence of free catalyst particles in a lignin conversion reactor, with the lignin conversion reactor having a liquid phase and a gas phase with a liquid level at the interface between the liquid phase and the gas phase and b. removing the lignin conversion products from the lignin conversion reactor at a lignin conversion products removal velocity at a point in the lignin conversion reactor which is higher relative to gravity than the liquid level of the lignin conversion reactor wherein the lignin conversion products removal velocity is less than a settling velocity of the catalyst particles.

Patent DE2719967C2

Process for polymerization of polyester oligomers

This invention is directed to an improved process for producing a polyester oligomer. The process employs a pipeline reactor, having at least two stages, in which the degree of polymerization of an oligomeric feed material is raised from about 2-10 to about 2-40 and the ratio of carboxyl to hydroxyl end groups in the product is reduced. In a first stage of the process, a monomeric diol or polyol, such as ethylene glycol, is added to a melt of the oligomeric feed material. In a second stage of the process, the molecular weight of the oligomer is increased by removal of volatile reaction by-products, including water and polyol. The oligomer produced by the present invention may be used in making higher molecular weight polyesters.

PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN A FLUID UNDER PRESSURE AND AT TEMPERATURE AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

高压乙烯聚合制造设施及紧急停机方法

本公开涉及一种具有分层管式反应器的用于高压聚合的制造设施和一种用于在所述制造设施中紧急停机的方法。本公开还涉及一种使用所述分层管式反应器制造LDPE的工艺。

Apparatus for supercritical water gasification

The present disclosure provides a supercritical fluid gasification system. In some embodiments, the system includes a reactor having a reactor shell including sidewalls that extend between a top reactor cover and a bottom reactor cover, where the sidewalls, the top cover, and the bottom cover enclosing a reactor shell channel. In some embodiments, the reactor includes a thermal shield positioned within the reactor shell channel, the thermal shield having sidewalls that extend between a top thermal shield cover and a bottom thermal shield cover, where the sidewalls, the top thermal shield cover, and the bottom thermal shield cover enclosing a thermal shield channel. In some embodiments, the reactor includes a fluid feed supply conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel, a supercritical fluid conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel, and a product conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel.

制备乙烯均聚物或共聚物的工艺

一种在设施中制备乙烯均聚物或共聚物的工艺，该设施包括高压管式反应器和预热器，其中在反应器入口处引入到反应器中的反应流体在预热器中加热，且预热器中反应流体的平均速度低于管式反应器中反应流体的平均速度，且管式反应器中的平均速度与预热器中反应流体的平均速度的比率为1.5至5。

Device for feeding reactor initiators

In a process for preparing polyethylene in tube reactors with or without autoclaves, where a free-radical initiator is introduced with or without cold ethylene into a flowing ethylene- and comonomer-containing medium, rotation is generated between two streams ( 61, 62 ) to be mixed at an angle ( 66 ) or by provision of a swirl element ( 20, 80 ) in the flow cross section ( 27, 28 ). In the region of a feed point ( 72, 81 ) for a free-radical initiator, there is provided a cross-sectional constriction ( 63, 67, 71 ) at which the free-radical initiator is introduced through an optimized off-center outlet opening ( 44 ) of an introduction finger ( 40 ) into the rotating flow ( 61, 62, 70 ).

Method for producing ethylene homopolymer or copolymer

시설에서 에틸렌 단독중합체 또는 공중합체를 제조하기 위한 공정으로서, 시설은 고압 관형 반응기 및 예열기를 포함하며, 반응기 입구에서 반응기로 도입된 반응 유체는 예열기에서 가열되고, 예열기에서의 반응 유체의 평균 속도는 관형 반응기에서의 반응 유체의 평균 속도보다 더 낮고, 관형 반응기에서의 평균 속도 대 예열기에서의 반응 유체의 평균 속도의 비는 1.5 내지 5의 범위이다. As a process for producing ethylene homopolymer or copolymer in a facility, the facility includes a high pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, the reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at the reactor inlet is heated in a preheater, and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is It is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor, and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater ranges from 1.5 to 5.

Manufacturing plant for high-pressure ethylene polymerization and method for emergency shutdown

고-액 혼합물을 처리하는 장치 및 방법

물과 탄소 함유 성분의 고-액 혼합물로 하이드로차를 제조하기 위한 층류 반응기로써, 100-300℃ 의 온도와 5-70bar의 압력에서 상기 고-액 혼합물을 처리하며 주로 수직 홀딩 섹션(1,3)인 튜브형 반응기와 방향 전환 다이버터(2,4)를 구비한 제조 장치이다. 홀딩 섹션은 더 큰 지름을 가지고 있기 때문에 남은 튜브 거리와 상관 없이 고-액 혼합물이 천천히 순환한다.

Method for the continous production of ethylene homo- and ethylene co-polymers

The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of ethylene homo- and ethylene co-polymers in the presence of radical polymerisation initiators and, optionally, molecular weight regulators in a tubular reactor with a hot water jacket and one or several reaction zones at pressures of 1000 to 4000 bar and temperatures of 120° C. to 350° C. The hot water jacket of each reaction zone is divided into two independently-controllable, separate, longitudinal sections and the water exit temperature from the tubular jacket of the first longitudinal section per reaction zone, extending between the point of initiator addition and 20 to 50% of the reaction zone length, is set to 180° C. to 210° C. and in the following second longitudinal section of said reaction zone the hot water exit temperature from the tube jacket is set to 140° C. to 180° C.

HIGH PRESSURE POLYAETHYLENE AND THE METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT

High pressure, free radical polymerizations to produce ethylene-based polymers

A high pressure polymerization, as described herein, to form an ethylene-based polymer, comprising the following steps: polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a reactor system comprising at least three ethylene-based feed streams and a reactor configuration that comprises at least four reaction zones, and at least one of the following a) through c), is met: (a) up to 100 wt% of the ethylene stream to the first zone comes from a high pressure recycle, and/or up to 100 wt% of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system; and/or (b) up to 100 wt% of the ethylene stream to first zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system, and/or up to 100 wt% of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from a high pressure recycle; and/or (c) the ethylene stream to the first zone, and/or the last ethylene stream to a zone, each comprises a controlled composition; and wherein each ethylene stream to a zone receives an output from two or more cylinders of the last compressor stage of a Hyper compressor system.

High pressure free-radical polymerizations

A process to form an ethylene-based polymer comprising, in polymerized form, ethylene and at least one acid comonomer, said process comprising polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising the ethylene and the acid comonomer, in a reactor configuration comprising at least one Secondary compressor, at least one pressurization device, and at least one reactor selected from the following: at least one autoclave reactor, at least one tubular reactor, or a combination thereof; and wherein the reaction mixture is polymerized in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator, and at a pressure of at least 1000 Bar; and wherein at least a portion of a comonomer composition comprising at least a portion of the acid comonomer used in the polymerization, is compressed, to form a compressed comonomer composition, in the pressurization device, up to a discharge pressure ranging from 1000 Bar to 4000 Bar, and at a discharge temperature (DT) from 10C to 100C; and wherein the compressed comonomer composition bypasses the Secondary compressor, and is fed, downstream from the Secondary compressor, into the reactor, and/or into one or more feed streams to the reactor.

Production of coal-water and device for processing of mix of solid and liquid components (versions)

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of coal-water from the mix of solid and liquid components, water and carbon-bearing component. Said mix is processed at 100-300°C and 5-70 bar in reactor with laminar flow. It consists of at least two mix retention sections and at least one flow direction varying section arranged there under. In compliance with this invention: a) mean rate of said mix at lower flow direction varying section equals 1-1000, 10-500 or 30-200 m/min or some 1.5-1000, 5-300 or 20-100 times higher than that in retention sections; b) direction of averaged flow of said mix in said mix retention section deflects from horizontal or vertical; c) total time of holding in pressurised heat exchangers and reactors exceeds two hours. Invention describes the versions of coal-water production processes. Besides, it covers the device for processing aforesaid mix, its versions and device for separation of said components. EFFECT: high heat capacity coal-water to be used as fuel. 21 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 563 653 C2 (51) МПК C10L 5/44 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012145185/04, 24.03.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 24.03.2011 (72) Автор(ы): ПЕУС Доминик (DE), ЛУББЕ Штефан (DE) (73) Патентообладатель(и): АНТАКОР ПТЕ. ЛТД. (SG) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.04.2014 Бюл. № 12 R U 24.03.2010 DE 102010012613.6 (45) Опубликовано: 20.09.2015 Бюл. № 26 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 24.10.2012 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 6 3 6 5 3 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: EA 0200870159 A1 27.02.2009. DE 102008058444 A1 28.05.2009. US 20040076578 A1 22.04.2004. WO 2008095589 A1 14.08.2008 2 5 6 3 6 5 3 R U (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2011/117837 (29.09.2011) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский бульвар, ...

灵活控制分子量分布的高压自由基聚合方法

乙烯类聚合物LDPE是在高压聚合方法中制备，所述方法包含至少以下步骤：使用包含以下的反应器配置使包含乙烯的反应混合物聚合：(A)至少两个反应区，第一反应区(反应区1)和i反应区(i≥2的反应区i)，(B)至少两种乙烯进料流，每种进料流包含一百分比的馈送到所述聚合方法的总补充乙烯，其中第一乙烯进料流传送到反应区1并且第二乙烯进料流传送到反应区i，和(C)控制系统，所述控制系统控制所述总补充乙烯在传送到反应区1的所述乙烯进料流中的百分比，和所述总补充乙烯在传送到反应区i的所述乙烯进料流中的百分比。

Process for achieving high conversions in the production of polyethylene

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Polyethylene is produced by polymerization of ethylene alone or with comonomers and/or telogens (modifiers) in an elongated tubular reactor having an inlet and outlet and preferably containing four reaction zones. Conversions of up to 40% are achieved without loss of optical or physical product quality.

High pressure polymerization of ethylene and apparatus therefore

A process for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene in an autoclave reactor is disclosed, wherein the autoclave contents are maintained in a thoroughly mixed condition by converting the pressure energy of the ethylene feed into kinetic energy by throttling the flow of ethylene feed into the autoclave, to create a turbulent flow wherein the Reynolds number exceeds 2100, to produce macroscopic circulations in the autoclave. Such a process has numerous advantages, primarily in the reduction of the number of explosive decompositions of ethylene. Apparatus for conducting such a process are also disclosed, wherein such apparatus includes an autoclave having at least one ethylene feed inlet which imparts a rotary motion to the autoclave contents.

Process for the production of ethylene polymers

A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE POLYMERS AT HIGH PESSURES WITHIN A MODIFIED, STIRRED AUTOCLAVE-TYPE REACTION SYSTEM SUBDIVEDED INTO THREE ZONES, INTO THE FIRST OF WHICH A FIRST, LOW TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITATING CATALYST IS FED, AND INTO THE SECOND OF WHICH A SECOND, INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITATING CATALYST AND A THIRD, HIGH TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITIATING CATALYST ARE INTRODUCED. THE FIRST ZONE IS SO AGITATED AS TO PRODUCE BOTH RADIAL AND END-TOEND MIXING THEREIN TO THEREBY ESTABLISH A SIBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM REACTION TEMPERATURE THEREIN, WHEREAS THE SECOND ZONE IS SO AGITATED AS TO PRODUCE RADIAL MIXING THEREIN, WITH THE DEGREE OF END-TO-END MIXING DECREADING LONGITUDINALLY OF THE ZONE TO THEREBY ESTABLISH A TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL LONGITUDINALLY THEREOF. BOTH RADIAL AND ENDTO-END MIXING ARE ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE THIRD ZONE IN A MANNER SUCH AS TO INCREASE BACK MIXING OF THE REACTION MIXTURE THEREIN, AND THEREBY CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE OF THE REACTION MIXTURE LEAVING SUCH ZONE AND EXITING FROM THE REACTION SYSTEM.

Process for polymerizing ethene at high pressure and temperature

A process and apparatus for the continuous polymerization of ethene at high pressures and temperatures, in the presence of an initiator. Reaction is carried out in a cylindrical autoclave wherein ethene is fed into the autoclave at a high velocity through nozzles having a restricted opening. The nozzles are fitted and mounted on the autoclave in at least two different places at an angle which is acute to the central axis of the autoclave whereby the direction of flow of the ethene coming from the nozzles is substantially parallel and opposite.

一种在高压管式反应器中的乙烯聚合方法和装置

本发明公开了一种在高压管式反应器中的乙烯聚合方法及聚合反应装置。所述聚合反应装置包括至少2段子反应器依次串联构成的管式反应器及进料到第一子反应器下游反应器入口的至少1个侧线流股，其中侧线流股的温度、压力可以控制。本发明还涉及链转移剂的分布式进料方法，包括将链转移剂进料到主压缩机的出口、次级压缩机出口、主流股以及侧线流股中的任意1个或多个位置，其中链转移剂的流量可独立控制。该方法和装置可以实现低密度聚乙烯分子量分布(MWD)宽度的提升，具有经济效益。

Устройство для ввода инициатора в реакторы

Изобретение относится к способу производства полиэтилена в трубчатых реакторах с автоклавами или без них, при котором к текущей жидкой среде, содержащей этилен с сомономером, подводят радикально-цепной инициатор с холодным этиленом или без него. Производят закручивание под углом двух смешиваемых потоков или посредством предусмотренного закручивающего элемента в поперечном сечении потока. В зоне участка ввода радикально-цепного инициатора сформировано сужение поперечного сечения, в которое посредством эксцентрически расположенного, оптимизированного выпускного отверстия пальцеобразного питающего элемента в закрученный поток вводится радикально-цепной инициатор. 2 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил. ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 272 816 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C08F C08F B01J B01J 10/02 (2006.01) 2/00 (2006.01) 8/06 (2006.01) 19/26 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2003120067/15, 27.11.2001 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 27.11.2001 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 05.12.2000 (ïï.1-20) DE 10060372.6 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÁÀÇÅËËÜ ÏÎËÈÎËÅÔÈÍÅ ÃÌÁÕ (DE) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.03.2006 Áþë. ¹ 9 2 2 7 2 8 1 6 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: US 4238453 A, 09.12.1980. SU 298122 À, 17.05.1971. US 3405115 A, 08.10.1968. US 4135044 À, 16.01.1979. US 6096839 A, 01.08.2000. DE 19634450 A1, 05.03.1998. DE 19829399 A1, 03.02.2000. ÅÐ 0449092 A1, 02.10.1991. WO 9635506 A1, 14.11.1996. 2 2 7 2 8 1 6 R U (86) Çà âêà PCT: EP 01/13788 (27.11.2001) C 2 C 2 (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 07.07.2003 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 02/48214 (20.06.2002) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Ñ.À.Äîðîôååâó (54) ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÎ ÄËß ÂÂÎÄÀ ÈÍÈÖÈÀÒÎÐÀ  ÐÅÀÊÒÎÐÛ (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ê ñïîñîáó ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïîëèýòèëåíà â òðóá÷àòûõ ðåàêòîðàõ ñ àâòîêëàâàìè èëè áåç íèõ, ïðè ...

Patent JPS5921655B2

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF ETHENE.

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

A continuous process for the conversion of lignin feedstock comprised of lignin and glucans, said process comprising: Slurry creation of a slurry comprised of lignin from the lignin feedstock, Charging the slurry comprised of lignin into a lignin conversion reactor having a lignin conversion pressure, wherein the pressure of the slurry comprised of lignin is higher than the lignin conversion pressure, Converting the lignin of the slurry comprised of lignin into lignin conversion products by contacting the lignin with hydrogen in the presence of a first catalyst at a lignin conversion temperature, and Removing the lignin conversion products from the lignin conversion reactor.

Patent JPS55500161A

Polymerization using separated flow

(57)【要約】 【課題】 熱効率で、かつ少ない動力エネルギで重合を 行うことができ、しかも製造されるポリマーの粘度、融 点などの制約が少なく多種多様なポリマーを製造するこ とができる重合方法を提供する。 【解決手段】管型反応器に、原料モノマー、重合触媒お よび必要に応じて不活性媒体を加圧状態で供給して、該 反応器内に供給された前記原料モノマーおよび不活性媒 体のうちの一部を気相とするとともに残余を液相とし て、該反応器内に原料モノマーおよび／または不活性媒 体ガスからなる気相と、原料モノマーおよび／または不 活性溶媒からなる液相（この液相は生成ポリマーを固体 として含有していてもよい）とを存在させ、かつ反応器 内の流動方向に連続的な気相を有する気液分離流または 気液固分離流を形成し、反応器内の液相を、該反応器内 の気相流によって搬送しながら原料モノマーの重合を行 って、反応器出口での液相と気相との体積流量比（液相 ／気相）を０.００００１〜１０００００とする。

Polymerization process using separated flow.

DISCLOSED IS A POLYMERIZATION PROCESS COMPRISING FEEDING A MONOMER (2) AS A RAW MATERIAL, A POLYMERIZATION CATALYST (3), AND OPTIONALLY, AN INERT MEDIUM (4) TO A TUBULAR REACTOR (1) IN A PRESSURIZED STATE; PERMITTING A PART OF THE RAW MATERIAL MONOMER (2) AND THE INERT MEDIUM (4) FED TO THE REACTOR (1) TO FORM A GAS PHASE AND THE REMAINDER TO FORM A LIQUID PHASE, SO THAT BOTH OF THE GAS PHASE COMPRISING THE RAW MATERIAL MONOMER (2) AND/OR THE INERT MEDIUM (4) AND THE LIQUID PHASE COMPRISING THE RAW MATERIAL MONOMER (2) AND/OR THE INERT MEDIUM (4) ARE PRESENT IN THE REACTOR (1), WHEREIN SAID LIQUID PHASE MAY CONTAIN A RESULTING POLYMER AS A SOLID, AND SO THAT A GAS-LIQUID SEPARATED FLOW OR A GAS-LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATED FLOW HAS THE GAS PHASE THAT IS CONTINUOUS IN THE DIRECTION OF FLOW IS FORMED IN THE REACTOR (1); AND POLYMERIZING THE RAW MATERIAL MONOMER (2) WHILE CARRYING THE LIQUID PHASE BY THE GAS PHASE FLOW, WHEREIN THE RATIO OF A VOLUME FLOW RATE OF THE LIQUID PHASE TO A VOLUME FLOW RATE OF THE GAS PHASE AT THE OUTLET (LB) OF THE REACTOR (1) IS 0.00001 TO 100,000. ACCORDING TO THE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS, POLYMERIZATION CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITH EXCELLENT THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND SMALL POWER ENERGY, AND BESIDES VARIOUS POLYMERS ALMOST FREE FROM RESTRICTIONS ON THEIR PROPERTIES SUCH AS VISCOSITIES AND MELTING POINTS CAN BE PRODUCED.