СШИВАЕМАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБНАЯ К СШИВАНИЮ ПО РЕАКЦИИ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ МИХАЭЛЯ (RMA)

Изобретение относится к сшиваемой композиции со сшиванием посредством реакции присоединения Михаэля (RMA) для получения отвержденной композиции, содержащей компонент A с по меньшей мере 2 кислотными протонами С-Н в активированных метиленовых или метиновых группах (RMA-донорная группа), компонент B с по меньшей мере 2 активированными ненасыщенными группами (RMA-акцепторная группа) и каталитическую систему C, содержащую или способную вырабатывать основный катализатор, способный активировать реакцию RMA между компонентами A и B. Сшиваемая композиция дополнительно содержит содержащий Х-Н группу компонент D, который также служит донором в реакции присоединения Михаэля, способным вступать в реакцию с компонентом B под воздействием катализатора C, где X представляет собой N, P, O, S, или где X представляет собой C как часть кислотной метильной группы (СН). При этом Х-Н группа компонента D характеризуется значением рКа, определенным в водной среде, по меньшей мере на одну единицу меньшим соответствующего ...

УСТАНОВКА ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА

Изобретение относится к установке предварительного образования катализатора олигомеризации этилена. Описана установка предварительного образования катализатора олигомеризации этилена, содержащая:первую емкость с первым впускным отверстием для газа, содержащую раствор сокатализатора и модификатора; вторую емкость с вторым впускным отверстием для газа, содержащую соединение хрома и лиганд; смеситель, соединенный трубопроводами с первой и второй емкостями, причем каждый трубопровод имеет клапан-регулятор расхода, который независимо представляет собой тепловой массовый расходомер или расходомер Кориолиса; причем смеситель соединен посредством трубопровода, имеющего клапан-регулятор расхода, с реактором олигомеризации; причем каждое впускное отверстие для газа соединено с первой емкостью и со второй емкостью, и причем первая емкость, вторая емкость, смеситель и клапаны-регуляторы расхода, по меньшей мере частично находятся в корпусе с регулируемой температурой; причем клапаны-регуляторы расхода ...

СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО НИТРОСОЕДИНЕНИЯ В АМИНЫ

Изобретение относится к способу гидрирования ароматического нитросоединения. Способ включает обеспечение потока газообразного водорода и потока жидкого ароматического нитросоединения, а также обеспечение каталитического реактора с неподвижным слоем, который имеет впускную и выпускную стороны. В указанную впускную сторону подают указанные потоки газообразного водорода и жидкого ароматического нитросоединения. Указанный газообразный водород и указанное ароматическое нитросоединение превращают в ароматический амин, посредством чего обеспечиваются отходящие продукты реактора, содержащие указанный ароматический амин и воду. Указанные отходящие продукты реактора выводят из реактора на выпускной стороне указанного реактора. Способ характеризуется тем, что во впускную сторону реактора подают воду при молярном отношении числа молей воды к числу молей водорода, находящемся в интервале от 1,5 до 7,5. Предлагаемый способ позволяет уменьшить количество побочных продуктов в отходящих продуктах реактора ...

СШИВАЕМАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБНАЯ К СШИВАНИЮ ПО РЕАКЦИИ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ МИХАЭЛЯ (RMA)

... 1. Сшиваемая композиция, содержащая:a. компонент А с по меньшей мере 2 кислотными протонами С-Н в активированных метиленовых или метановых группах (RMA-донорная группа), иb. компонент В с по меньшей мере 2 активированными ненасыщенными группами (RMA-акцепторная группа), иc. каталитическую систему С, содержащую или способную вырабатывать основный катализатор, способный активировать реакцию RMA между компонентами А и В,характеризующаяся тем, что данная сшиваемая композиция дополнительно содержит содержащий Х-Н группу компонент D, который также выступает донором в реакции присоединения Михаэля, способным вступать в реакцию с компонентом В под воздействием катализатора С, где X представляет собой N, Р, О, S, или где X представляет собой С как часть кислотной метильной группы (СН).2. Сшиваемая композиция по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что RMA-акцепторные группы в компоненте В представляют собой акрилоиловые группы.3. Сшиваемая композиция по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что RMA-донорные группы в компоненте ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАСТВОРА КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА 1-ГЕКСЕНА

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2-ХЛОР-1,1,1,2-ТЕТРАФТОРПРОПАНА ФТОРИРОВАНИЕМ 2-ХЛОР-3,3,3-ТРИФТОРПРОПЕНА В ЖИДКОЙ ФАЗЕ

... 1. Способ каталитического фторирования в жидкой фазе 2-хлор-3,3,3-трифторпропена в 2-хлор-1,1,1,2-тетрафторпропан, с ионной жидкостью в качестве катализатора.2. Способ по п.1, в котором катализатор получают взаимодействием по меньшей мере одной галогенированной или оксигалогенированной кислоты Льюиса на основе алюминия, титана, ниобия, тантала, олова, сурьмы, никеля, цинка или железа с солью общей формулы Y+A-, где А- означает галогенид-анион или гексафторантимонат анион, а Y+ означает катион четвертичного аммония, катион четвертичного фосфония или катион третичного сульфония.3. Способ по любому из пп.1-2, в котором катализатор представляет собой катализатор на основе фторированного комплекса emimSbF .4. Способ по любому из пп.1-2, который проводят в обогащенной катализатором фазе, предпочтительно при молярном отношении катализатор/органические вещества выше, чем 50 мол.%.5. Способ по одному из пп.1-2, в котором в процессе реакции добавляют хлор, предпочтительно в молярном соотношении от ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylenmonoalkoholen

Katalysator für nukleophile aromatische Substitutionen

Herstellung von -Hydroxyketonen über Carbenkatalysierte Umpolungsreaktion von Aldehyden

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Herstellung von alpha-Hydroxyketonen der allgemeinen Formel I. Insbesondere bezieht sich die vorliegende Erfindung auf neue Imidazoliniumcarboxylat-Addukte sowie ein neues Verfahren zur Anwendung katalytischer Mengen Imidazolinium- und Imidazolinumcarboxylat-Addukte in der Acyloinreaktion von Aldehyden zur Herstellung von Hydroxyketonen der allgemeinen Formel I, $F1 wobei R und R' gleich oder verschieden sind und H oder einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten und ggf. substituierten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl-Rest bedeuten und R'' = H₃CSCH₂CH₂, t-Butyl, n-Butyl, sek-Butyl, n-Propyl, i-Propyl, ggf. heteroatomsubstituiertes C₆-C₁₈-Aryl, Heteroaryl, C₂-C₁₈-Arylalkyl, insbesondere Phenylmethyl, wobei Phenyl wieder heteroatomsubstituiert sein kann, oder Heteroalkyl ist.

Katalysatorsysteme auf der Basis von Rhodium-Komplexverbindungen mit Diphosphin-Liganden und ihre Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Aldehyden

Herstellung von Bisphenol in Gegenwart eines modifizierten sauren Ionenaustauschharzes

Catalyzed polymerization of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates

Bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)Ethyl-bearing compound and acid catalyst and method for preparing same

Catalyst and process for producing polyhydric alcohols and derivatives

A novel catalyst and process for the manufacture of polyhydric alcohols from synthesis gas. This novel catalyst is a rhodium carbonyl sulfur cluster compound. In particular, the anion cluster of the rhodium carbonyl sulfur compound is of the following empirical formula: ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS ANDDERIVATIVES

SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES POLYELEKTROLYTEN

VERFAHREN ZUR SELEKTIVEN HYDRIERUNG EINER ORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNG

CATALYST SYSTEM FOR AEOROBEN THE OXIDATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ALCOHOLS

VERFAHREN ZUR BEHANDLUNG EINES MERCAPTANHALTIGEN SAUREN ERDOELDESTILLATES

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND

PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A MERCAPTANHALTIGEN SOUR PETROLEUM DESTILLATE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALDEHYDES.

ISOMERISATION FROM EPOXYALKENEN TO 2.5 - DIHYDROFURANEN AND CATALYTIC COMPOSITIONS FOR THIS USE.

NEW AMINOPHOSPHIN PHOSPHINITE, YOUR PROCEDURE AND YOUR USE FOR ENANTIOSELEKTIVE REACTIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING AND RUECKGEWINNUNG WITH OF THE CARBONYLIERUNG POLLUTED ONE BY METHYL ACETATE AND/OR DIMETHYLETHER RESULTING, KATALYSATORLOESUNG.

CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF 2,5-DIHYDROFURANEN FROM GAMMA, DELTA EPOXYBUTENEN

Procedure for the production of new quaternären ammonium and Phosphonium boron complexes

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALDEHYDES

Method for defining an experimental space and method and system for conducting combinatorial high throughput screening of mixtures

Process for the preparation of morphinane compounds

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OPTICALLY ACTIVE Alpha-SUBSTITUTED CYSTEINE OR SALT THEREOF, INTERMEDIATE THEREFOR, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Novel intermediates useful for the preparation of aripiprazole and methods for the preparation of the novel intermediates and aripiprazole

The invention disclosed in this application relates to an improved process for the preparation of aripiprazole (1) which comprises (i) Reacting 6-hydroxy-l-indanone (11) with 1,4-dihalobutane (12) in the presence of a base and a solvent at a temperature in the range of 90 to 110 deg C to form the novel intermediate 6-(4-halo butoxy)-indan-l-one (3), (ii) reacting the novel intermediate with 1-(2,3-clichlorophenyl)-piperazine (9) to get another novel intermediate 6-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-l-piperazinyl] butoxy]-indan-l-one (2) and (iii) Reacting the resulting novel compound with sodium azide. The invention also relates to the novel intermediates of the formulae (2) & (3) and processes for their preparation.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING AND RECOVERING CATALYST SOLUTION CONTAMINATED DURING THE CARBONYLATION OF METHYL ACETATE AND/OR DIMETHYLETHER

Carboxylates in catalytic hydrolysis of alkylene oxides

Process for preparing aldehydes

SELECTIVE HYDROGEWNATION

CATALYST SYSTEM FOR REACTION BETWEEN CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND EPOXIDES

Chemically-modified supports and supported catalyst systems prepared therefrom

Process for preparing aldehydes

SELECTIVE HYDROGEWNATION

Polymeric supported catalysts

CAUSTIC-FREE SWEETENING OF SOUR HYDROCARBON STREAMS

TREATING SOUR PETROLEUM DESTILLATES

TREATING OF SOUR PETROLEUM DISTILLATES

OLEFIN DISPROPORTIONATION

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS AND DERIVATIVES

PROMOTING THE CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR MAKING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS

PROMOTING THE CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR MAKING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS This invention relates to the manufacture of such valuable chemicals as polyhydric alcohols, their ether and ester derivatives, oligomers of such alcohols and monohydric alcohols and their ether and ester derivatives by reacting hydrogen and oxides of carbon in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl complex in combination with optimum amounts of amine promoters. S P E C I F I C A T I O N ...

BULK AND SUPPORTED, SELF-PROMOTED MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN SULFIDE CATALYSTS FORMED FROM BIS(TETRATHIOMETALLATE) PRECURSORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE AS FOR HYDROTREATING

Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting a feed, at a elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with either a bulk or supported, selfpromoted catalyst formed by compositing a porous, refractory inorganic oxide, support with one or more complex salts selected from the group consisting of (NR4)2¢M(WS4)2!, (NR4)x ¢M(moS4)2! and mixtures thereof wherein R is one or more alkyl groups, aryl groups or mixture thereof, wherein promoter metal M is covalently bound in the anion and is Ni, Co or Fe and wherein x is 2 if M is Ni and x is 3 if M is Co or Fe and heating said composite in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of sulfur and hydrogen and a hydrocarbon to form said supported catalyst. The bulk catalysts are formed in the absence of a support material.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING AND RECOVERING CATALYST SOLUTION CONTAMINATED DURING THE CARBONYLATION OF METHYL ACETATE AND/OR DIMETHYLETHER

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING AND RECOVERING CATALYST SOLUTION CONTAMINATED DURING THE CARBONYLATION OF METHYL ACETATE AND/OR DIMETHYLETHER Catalyst solution contaminated during the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether. To this end, the contaminated catalyst solution is subjected in a first processing stage to extraction with a dialkylether and alkanol, each of which has from 1-4 carbon atoms per alkyl group, and thereby freed from its organic contaminants, from acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate, and the ether phase is separated from the purified promoter-containing catalyst solution; next, the ether phase is treated in a second processing stage with iodine and/or methyl iodide; the precipitated promotercontaining catalyst complex is separated and dissolved in the purified catalyst solution coming from the first processing stage; the ether phase is separated into its constituents by distilling it; recovered dialkylether and alkanol are used again in the extraction ...

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS USED AS PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST

Novel quaternary ammonium salts of general formula (I) (I) wherein: R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C1 to C8. R' is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C1 to C12, or a benzyl radical. n is a number equal to 2 or 3. X? is a halogenide anion, such as Cl?, Br?, I?, are used as phase transfer catalysts, in heterogeneous ionic reactions wherein the reagents are in different pha se and have different polarity.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF VINYLCYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES

This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yields. The process involves reacting an alkylating agent and an activated methylene compound in the presence of an onium compound, an alkali metal compouns and water, which while only necessary in trace amounts can be present in substantial quantities.

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS This invention relates to the manufacture of polyhydric alcohol(s) by the reaction of synthesis gas in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl complex catalyst and a phosphine oxide compound. S P E C I F I C A T I O N ...

PROCESS OF PRODUCING POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS AND DERIVATIVES This invention relates to the manufacture of such valuable chemicals as polyhydric alcohols, their ether and ester derivatives, oligomers of such alcohols and monohydric alcohols and their ether and ester derivatives by reacting hydrogen and oxides of carbon in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl complex and a trialkanolamine borate. S P E C I F I C A T I O N ...

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKYL ESTERS OF 3,4- EPOXYBUTYRIC ACID

PREPARATION OF DIESTERS OF (METH)ACRYLIC ACID FROM EPOXIDES

The application relates to a process for preparing a (meth)acrylic acid diester by reacting a (meth)acrylic acid anhydride with an epoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a first and/or second catalyst in combination with a co-catalyst. The first catalyst is a halide of Mg or a trifluoromethanesulfonate of a rare earth element; the second catalyst is a Cr(lll) salt; and the co- catalyst is a tertiary amine, a quaternary ammonium salt, a tertiary phosphine or a quaternary phosphonium salt.

POLYURETHANE CATALYSTS FROM SULFUR BASED SALTS

This invention discloses the use of sulfite salts as catalysts to make polyurethane polymers. In particular, this invention discloses the use of metal salts such as alkali metal salts as well as alkyl ammonium salts such as tetralkyl ammonium salts as catalysts to make polyurethane polymers. The sulfite salts are useful to make polyurethane polymers and polyurethane foam polymer products such as flexible polyurethane foam polymers, rigid foam polyurethane polymers, semi-rigid polyurethane polymer, microcellular polyurethane polymer, and spray foam polyurethane polymer and any polymeric material that requires the assistance of catalysts to promote the formation of urethane and urea bonds such as those found in polyurethane emusions for paints, coatings, protective coatings, lacquer as well as other polyurethane or polyurethane containing materials such as thermoplastic polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane polymers, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, etc. Examples of suitable catalysts include ...

AMINONITRILE PRODUCTION

Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and an additive for improving the yield of and/or selectivity to the aminonitrile. The additive comprises a carbon monoxide; a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide compound; a tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide compound; a multi-centered metal carbonyl cluster; an organic isonitrile; a cyanide compound having at least one cyano group bound to other than a carbon atom; and afluoride compound.

POLYURETHANE CATALYSTS FROM SULFUR BASED SALTS

This invention discloses sulfite salts as catalysts to make polyurethane polymers. In particular, this invention discloses metal salts such as alkali metal salts as well as alkyl ammonium salts such as tetralkyl ammonium salts as catalysts to make polyurethane polymers. The sulfite salts are useful to make a wide variety of polyurethane polymers and polyurethane foam polymer products such as flexible polyurethane foam polymers, rigid foam polyurethane polymers, semi-rigid polyurethane polymer, microcellular polyurethane polymer, and spray foam polyurethane polymer as well as any polymeric material that requires catalysts to promote the formation of urethane and urea bonds such as those found in polyurethane emulsions for paints, coatings, protective coatings, lacquer, as well as other polyurethane or polyurethane containing materials such as thermoplastic polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane polymers, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, etc. Examples of catalysts comprising the invention include ...

USE OF AN IONIC COMPOUND, DERIVED FROM MALONONITRILE AS A PHOTOINITIATOR, RADICAL INITIATORS OR CATALYSER IN POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES OR AS A BASIC DYE

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation de composés ioniques dérivés du malononitrile comme photoinitiateur source d'acide catalyseur dans un procédé de polymérisation ou de réticulation de monomères ou de prépolymères capables de réagir par voie cationique, ou comme catalyseur dans un procédé pour la modification de polymères. L'invention vise également l'utilisation de composés ioniques dérivés du malononitrile dans les colorants cationiques.

COMPOSITIONS AND CATALYST SYSTEMS OF METAL PRECURSORS AND OLEFINIC DILUENTS

A system and method for preparing and using a metal precursor diluent composition are described. The composition includes a metal precursor, and about 18% to about 80 % by weight of an olefinic diluent having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms. Such compositions may be used in oligomerization catalyst systems.

NOVEL CATALYST MIXTURES

Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH-, HCO-, H2CO, (HC02)-, H2C02, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO-)2, and a specific device, namely, a CO2 sensor.

NOVEL CATALYST MIXTURES

Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH-, HCO-, H2CO, (HC02)-, H2C02, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO-)2, and a specific device, namely, a CO2 sensor.

PREPARATION OF MONO EPOXIDES AND TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL USING REGENERATED CATALYST

PREPARATION OF MONO EPOXIDES AND TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL USING REGENERATED CATALYST (Docket No. 81,021-F) In the preparation of tertiary butyl alcohol and a linear C3-C12 mono epoxide by the epoxidation reaction of a linear C3C12 alpha mono olefin with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a soluble complex of molybdenum with ethylene glycol, a portion of the catalyst that is used is a recycle (final) ethylene glycol solution of a complex of ethylene glycol with ammonium-containing molybdenum compounds prepared from ethylene glycol and a precipitate of solid ammonium-containing molybdenum compounds formed by saturating a heavy distillation fraction with ammonia to thereby form a liquid amination product containing a precipitate of solid ammonium-containing molybdenum compounds; the heavy distillation fraction being obtained by distillation of the epoxidation reaction product.

CATALYST FOR NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTIONS

... : Catalyst for nucleophilic aromatic substitutions A catalyst consisting essentially of a quaternary ammonium compound, comprising at least one linear or branched alkoxypolyoxyalkyl chain, and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt or a polyether, or a mixture of each of the specified compounds, is suitable for accelerating, or making possible for the first time, many nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING TITANIUM AND PHOSPHORES, ITS PREPARATION AND ITS USE TO CONDENSE AN EPOXIDE ON A CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDE

L'invention a pour objet une composition catalytique comprenant du titane et du phosphore et résultant de la mise en contact d'au moins un titanate avec au moins un sel d"'onium" quaternaire d'un acide choisi dans le groupe formé par l'acide phosphorique et les acides phosphoniques de formule R7H2PO3 dans laquelle R7 est un groupe hydrocarboné ayant de 1 à 38 atomes de carbone et le reste "onium" est un reste de formule (R8R9R10R11M)+ dans laquelle M est un élément du groupe VA de la classification périodique des éléments, de préférence l'azote ou le phosphore, et R8, R9, R10 et R11, identiques ou différents, représentent chacun un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupe hydrocarboné ayant de 1 à 38 atomes de carbone. Cette composition catalytique est utilisable pour la production d'esters et de polyesters à partird'époxydes et d'anhydrides d'acides carboxyliques.

CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR ALKENE OLIGOMERISATION AND CO-OLIGOMERISATION

A catalyst composition comprising a first component which is a substituted bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium, zirconium or hafnium compound, also containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation and a second component which is a compound having a bulky and labile anion which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, wherein the substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl ligand pair is bis-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl.

NOVEL IONIC MATERIALS

Anions délocalisés utiles, sous forme de sels M+X-, pour l'obtention de solutions électrolytiques obtenues lorsque ces sels sont ajoutés à un soluté protique ou aprotique.

SURFACE MODIFIED CARBONATE MATERIALS

Greffage d'un polymère à la surface d'un matériau carboné comportant des fonctions carboxyles, amines et/ou hydroxyles à sa surface. On met ce matériau en suspension dans une solution comprenant le polymère à greffer, lequel comporte une fonction carboxyle, amine et/ou hydroxyle, la solution comprenant aussi un solvant du polymère. On effectue ensuite un traitement provoquant la déshydratation en une fonction carboxyle, d'une fonction amine et/ou hydroxyle et l'on greffe ainsi le polymère sur le matériau carboné par des liens esters ou amides. Utilisation dans la cathode ou l'anode d'un générateur électrochimique, dans un matériau polymère peu polaire, dans une encre, et comme dépôt conducteur sur un plastique flexible utilisé comme contact électrique, comme protection électromagnétique ou comme protection antistatique.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Katalysatoren.

Verfahren zum Oxydieren primärer und sekundärer Alkohole

Katalysatorsystem und dessen Verwendung zur Dimerisierung olefinisch ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe

Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Isocyanate

PROCEDURE FOR THE RECUPERATION OF ORGANIC QUATERNAEREN AMMONIUM SALTS FROM A REACTION SOLUTION.

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF FATS OELEN.

Prepn. of imidazolyl-vinyl ether cpds. - antibacterials and antifungals in good yield by stereoselective, economic process

Prepn. of imidazolyl-vinyl ether cpds. of formula (I) and their acid addition salts comprises reaction of a ketone of formula (II) with an ether of formula (III) in an aq. soln. of a strong base and in the presence of a second liquid phase consisting of a water immiscible organic solvent and a quaternary tetrealkylammonium salt as phase transfer catalyst. In the formula Im = IH - imidazol-1-yl; R = H or Me, Ar1, Ar2 = phenyl opt. substd. by 1 or 2 Cl; Alk = 1-3C alkyl; Z = a gp. removable by a base. The phase transfer catalyst is methyltrioctylammonium chloride. The base is NaOH and the organic solvent is toluene. (I) are antibacterials and antifungals known from me.g. EP0008804. This process is cheaper, technically easier and gives better yeilds than the process described in EP0069754. The products are almost exclusively of the Z-configmation which is more effective against bacteria and fungi.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНОГО ЭФИРА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЛОЖНОГО ПОЛИЭФИРА С УЧАСТИЕМ ТАКОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Описывается катализатор, подходящий для получения сложного эфира в реакции этерификации, содержащий продукт взаимодействия соединения титана, циркония или гафния, 2-оксикарбоновой кислоты и четвертичного аммониевого соединения, выбранного из группы, состоящей из гидроксида тетраэтиламмония и гидроксида тетраметиламмония, необязательно, со спиртом или водой, а также соединения цинка. Описываются также способ получения сложного эфира и способ получения сложного полиэфира с участием такого катализатора.

Process for preparing aldehydes

Process for production of disulfonic acid compound, asymmetric mannich catalyst, process for production of beta-aminocarbonyl derivative, and novel disulfonate salt

Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) is added to a reaction vessel containing (R)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-dithiol and potassium hydroxide. The reaction vessel is purged with oxygen, and is stirred at 80 DEG C for 5 days under 7 atmospheres of oxygen. The reaction solution is cooled to room temperature and subsequently purified, thereby producing potassium (R)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-disulfonate. (R)-1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-disulfonic acid produced from the disulfonate salt and 2,6-diphenylpyridine are stirred together in acetonitrile, and the solvent is distilled away from the reaction solution under reduced pressure. Subsequently, magnesium sulfate and distilled CH2Cl2 are added to the reaction product, and the resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The solution is cooled to 0DEG C, and benzaldehydimine in which nitrogen is protected with Cbz and acethylacetone are added thereto dropwise over 1 hour. The resulting mixture is further stirred at 0 DEG C for 30 minutes. In this ...

Stabilized carbanions as trimerization catalysts

The present invention provides trimerization catalyst compositions having at least one carbanion compound and methods to produce a polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam using such trimerization catalyst compositions.

COMPOSITION CATALYTIQUE DE COMBUSTION

LA PRESENTE INVENTION CONCERNE UNE COMPOSITION CATALYTIQUE PERMETTANT LA COMBUSTION INTEGRALE ET SANS DECHET DES COMBUSTIBLES PETROLIERS DE TOUS GRADES. LA QUANTITE DES PRODUITS CONTENUS DANS UNE COMPOSITION POUR LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE TONNE DE COMBUSTIBLE PETROLIER EST DE: -20 A 80GRAMMES DE DERIVES CARBONYLES; -60 A 250GRAMMES DE POLYMERES METHACRYLIQUES; -100 A 425GRAMMES D'AMINES GRASSES ETOU LEURS DERIVES. LESDITS PRODUITS ETANT DISSOUS DANS 140 A 400GRAMMES DE GAS-OIL.

COMPOSITION CONTAINING ONE COMPOSES AMINE AND OF AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE AND SONUTILISATION

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF POLYALCOHOLS AND OF DERIVED FROM THOSE AND CATALYST USABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE

COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING IONIC LIQUIDS AND USES THEREOF, IN PARTICULAR IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Reciprocal substitutions of hydrogen and chlorine in silanes

PROCESS Of MINERAL FLUORIDE ACTIVATION IN ORGANIC MEDIUM

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION CONTAINING a ALUMINOXANE FOR the DIMERISATION, the CO-DIMERISATION AND the OLIGOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

Une composition catalytique utilisable pour la dimérisation, la co-dimérisation et l'oligomérisation des oléfines résulte de la dissolution d'un composé du nickel facultativement mélangé ou complexé avec un ligand, dans le milieu résultant du mélange : - d'au moins un halogénure d'ammonium quaternaire etlou d'au moins un halogénure de phosphonium quaternaire, - d'au moins un halogénure d'aluminium - et d'au moins un aluminoxane.

PROCEDE DE PREPARATION D'AMINES A L'AIDE DE ZEOLITE

L'invention concerne l'industrie organique. - Elle a pour objet un procédé de production d'une amine par réaction d'un alcool, qui peut être un alkanol ou un aralkanol, avec l'ammoniac à une température élevée en présence de la forme hydrogène de la zéolite FU-1 ou de la zéolite FU-1 dont -tout ou partie des protons ont été remplacés par des cations bivalents ou trivalents. Ce procédé est appliqué de préférence à la production des méthylamines à partir de méthanol et d'ammoniac avec formation sélective de monométhylamine et de diméthylamine aux dépens de la formation de la triméthylamine.

Catalytic composition used for alkylation of aliphatic hydrocarbon

L'invention concerne une composition catalytique résultant du mélange d'au moins un halogénure d'aluminium, d'au moins un halogénure d'ammonium quaternaire et/ ou au moins d'un halohydrate d'amine et d'au moins un composé d'un métal du groupe IVB, de préférence un halogénure d'un métal du groupe IVB. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour l'alkylation des isoparaffines par les oléfines utilisant ladite composition, l'oléfine étant de préférence une oléfine peu réactive.

CATALYTIC PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF POLYALCOHOLS

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF POLYALCOHOLS AND OF DERIVED FROM THOSE AND CATALYST USABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE

TITANIUM-ZIRCONIUM CATALYST COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF

NOVEL CATALYST MIXTURES

CATALYSER AND PROCESS OF TRIMERIZAÇÃO OF ISOCYANATE

Catalyst for manufacture of esters

A catalyst suitable for use in an esterification reaction comprising the reaction product of a compound of titanium, zirconium or hafnium, a 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of tetraethylammonium hydroxide tetramethylammonium hydroxide, optionally with an alcohol or water.

OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYST SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZING OLEFINS

... 63Among other things, this disclosure provides an olefin oligomerization system and process, the system comprising; a) a transition metal compound, b) a pyrrole compound having independently-selected Cl to C18 is organyl groups at the 2- and 5-positions, wherein at least one of the organyl group alpha-carbon atoms attached to the 2- and 5-positions of the pyrrole compound is a secondary carbon atoms; and c) a metal alkyl. For example, the 2,5-diethylpyrrole (2,5-DEP)-based catalyst systems can afford a productivity increases over unsubstituted pyrrole catalyst, systems, non-2,5-disubstituted catalyst systems, and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (2,5-DMP) catalyst systems.(Figure 1) ...

FORFARANDE FOR SELEKTIV HYDROGENERING AV EN FETTSYRATRIGLYCERIDOLJA

Process for the conversion of aromatic nitro compound into amines

A process for hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound according to the invention comprises providing a hydrogen gas stream and a liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; providing a fixed bed catalytic reactor having an inflow side and an outflow side; feeding to the inflow side, the hydrogen gas stream and the liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; converting the hydrogen gas and the aromatic nitro compound into an aromatic amine, thereby providing a reactor effluent comprising the aromatic amine and water; evacuating the reactor effluent from the reactor at the outflow side of the reactor; wherein an inert solvent or water is fed to the inflow side of the reactor at a molar ratio of moles inert solvent or water to moles hydrogen is more than 1.

Preparation of a solid catalyst system

Process for the preparation of a solid catalyst system comprising the steps of generating an emulsion by dispersing a liquid clathrate in a solution wherein (i) the solution constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion and (ii) the liquid clathrate constitutes in form of droplets the dispersed phase of the emulsion, solidifying said dispersed phase to convert said droplets to solid particles and optionally recovering said particles to obtain said catalyst system, wherein the liquid clathrate comprises a lattice being the reaction product of aluminoxane, an organometallic compound of a transition metal of Group 3 to 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC 2007) or of an actinide or lanthanide, and a further compound being effective to form with the aluminoxane and the organometallic compound the lattice, and a guest being an hydrocarbon compound, and the solution comprises a silicon fluid and a hydrocarbon solvent.

Electrocatalytic alkenes and alkynes dimerizations and trimerizations

The present disclosure relates generally to carbon to carbon coupling processes, and more specifically, to dimerization or trimerization by electrocatalysis of alkenes and alkynes at room temperature.

Process for producing alpha-hydroxyketone compound

An object of the present invention is to produce an α-hydroxyketone compound easily and effectively. Provided is a process for producing an α-hydroxyketone compound comprising a stirring step of stirring one or more aldehyde compounds or polymers thereof in the presence of a base and an imidazolinium salt represented by the formula (1): wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent or an aryl group optionally having a substituent, or R 1 and R 2 are bound to each other to form a ring together with carbon atoms to which they bind, R 3 and R 4 each independently represent an aryl group having one or more electron withdrawing groups, and X − represents an anion.

Bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)Ethyl-Bearing Compound and Acid Catalyst, and Method for Preparing Same

A bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)ethyl group-bearing compound represented by the following formula [1], [2] or [3]

PRODUCTION METHOD FOR 1,2,3,5,6-PENTATHIEPANE

The present invention enables provision of a production method for 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane, the method comprising, in the following order, step A for reacting a trithiocarbonate, sulfur, and a methane dihalide together using a phase-transfer catalyst in a multilayer system having a water layer and an organic layer, step B for separating the water layer from the organic layer, and step C for stopping the reaction using an acid. 1. A method for producing 1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ,6-pentathiepane , the method comprising Steps A , B and C in this order:Step A: reacting trithiocarbonate, sulfur and methane dihalide using a phase-transfer catalyst in a multi-layer system having an aqueous layer and an organic layer;Step B: separating the aqueous layer from the organic layer; andStep C: terminating the reaction with an acid.2. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the organic layer comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene claim 1 , toluene and tetrahydrofuran.3. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the organic layer comprises toluene.4. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the phase-transfer catalyst comprises a quaternary alkylammonium salt.5. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the trithiocarbonate is disodium trithiocarbonate.6. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the methane dihalide comprises dibromomethane or diiodomethane.7. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to claim 1 , wherein the acid is sulfuric acid.8. The method for producing 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,6-pentathiepane according to ...

Processes for preparing calixarenes

This invention relates to a process for preparing a calixarene compound by reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound. The invention also relates to processes for high-yield, high solid-content production of a calixarene compound, with high selectivity toward a high-purity calix[8]arene compound, without carrying out a recrystallization step.

Method for Producing 2-Chloro-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene

A production method of 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1224) according to the present invention includes bringing 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane (234da) into contact with an inorganic base having a pKa of 4.8 or greater in an aqueous medium in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Preferably, the inorganic base has a pKa of 10 or greater. Further, the phase transfer catalyst is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium bromide, methyltri-n-octylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium chloride. It is possible by this method to selectively produce 1224 from 234da.

RADICAL GENERATING CATALYST, METHOD FOR PRODUCING RADICAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING OXIDATION REACTION PRODUCT, DRUG, AND DRUG FOR AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

An object of a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a radical generating catalyst that can generate (produce) radicals under mild conditions. In order to achieve the above object, a first radical generating catalyst according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it includes ammonium and/or a salt thereof. A second radical generating catalyst according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it includes an organic compound having Lewis acidic properties and/or Brønsted acidic properties. 170-. (canceled)72. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , whereinin the ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (XI),{'sup': 11', '21', '31', '41, 'R, R, R, and Rare each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and'}{'sup': 11', '21', '31', '41, 'R, R, R, and Rmay be the same or different from each other.'}74. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , whereinthe ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (XI) is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dequalinium chloride, edrophonium, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, oxytropium, carbachol, glycopyrronium, safranin, sinapine, tetraethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, suxamethonium, sphingomyelin, denatonium, trigonelline, neostigmine, paraquat, pyridostigmine, phellodendrine, pralidoxime methiodide, betaine, betanin, bethanechol, lecithin, and cholines.76. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , wherein{'sub': '4', 'sup': '+', 'the ammonium salt is a salt of NH.'}77. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 76 , wherein{'sub': '4', 'the ammonium salt is NHCl.'}78. The radical generating catalyst ...

Zwitterionic catalysts for (trans)esterification: application in fluoroindole-derivatives and biodiesel synthesis

An amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst has a catalyst pocket size that promotes transesterification and dehydrative esterification. The amide/iminium zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. The reaction can be applied a wide variety of esterification processes including the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. The amide/iminium zwitterions allow the avoidance of strongly basic or acidic condition and avoidance of metal contamination in the products. Reactions are carried out at ambient or only modestly elevated temperatures. The amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst is easily recycled and reactions proceed in high to quantitative yields.

PRODUCTION METHOD FOR ALKENE

The present invention is to provide a method of producing an alkene that can further enhance the yield of an alkene, a reaction product, the method including bringing a gaseous halogenated alkane into contact with an alkaline aqueous solution in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The objective above is achieved by a method of producing an alkene comprising bringing in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst a liquid phase containing an alkaline aqueous solution and a water-insoluble solvent into contact with a gas phase containing a halogenated alkane that is soluble in the water-insoluble solvent. 2. The method of producing an alkene according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase is agitated in the step of bringing the liquid phase into contact with the gas phase.3. The method of producing an alkene according to claim 1 , wherein the step of bringing the liquid phase into contact with the gas phase is a step of producing the alkene in a gas form claim 1 , which is a reaction product.4. The method of producing an alkene according to claim 1 , wherein the water-insoluble solvent is a water-insoluble solvent selected from a group consisting of an alcohol-based water-insoluble solvent claim 1 , an ether-based water-insoluble solvent claim 1 , an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based water-insoluble solvent claim 1 , and an aromatic hydrocarbon-based water-insoluble solvent.5. The method of producing an alkene according to claim 1 , wherein the water-insoluble solvent is a water-insoluble solvent selected from a group consisting of toluene claim 1 , isopropylbenzene claim 1 , and o-dichlorobenzene.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The method of producing an alkene according to claim 1 , wherein the halogenated alkane is 1 claim 1 ,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane claim 1 , and the step of bringing the liquid phase into contact with the gas phase is a step of producing 1 claim 1 ,1 -difluoroethylene. The present invention relates to a method of producing an alkene.As a method of ...

PROCESSES FOR PREPARING CALIXARENES

This invention relates to a process for preparing a calixarene compound by reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound. The invention also relates to processes for high-yield, high solid-content production of a calixarene compound, with high selectivity toward a high-purity calix[8]arene compound, without carrying out a recrystallization step. 1. A process for preparing a calixarene compound , comprising:reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound,wherein the phenolic compound is para-nonylphenol (PNP) or para-dodecylphenol (PDDP), andwherein the process produces a calixarene-containing product having at least 40% solids.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process produces a calixarene-containing product having at least 50% solids.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing base is a tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , wherein each alkyl moiety in the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is independently Cto Calkyl.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the amidine compound is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 4 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,2-dimethyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,2-diethyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , 1-n-propyl-2-methyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , 1-isopropyl-2-methyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , 1-ethyl-2-n-propyl-1 claim 4 ,4 claim 4 ,5 claim 4 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 4 , and 1- ...

Method For Preparing Cocatalyst Compound Using Anhydrous Hydrocarbon Solvent

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a cocatalyst compound using an anhydrous hydrocarbon solvent, and a cocatalyst compound prepared thereby.

PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FROM ALKENES USING POLYOXOMETALATE CATALYSTS AND NITROGEN OXIDES

The present invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes and ketones by carbon-carbon bond cleavage of alkenes, wherein the process is catalysed by first row transition metal nitro coordinated polyoxometalate catalyst. The catalyst can be prepared by pre-treatment of aqua coordinated polyoxometalates with NO, or they are formed in situ when the reactions are carried in nitroalkanes under aerobic conditions, or they are formed in situ from nitrosyl (NO) compounds in the presence of O. 1. A process for the preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones from alkenes , comprising the step of contacting said alkene with a nitro coordinated polyoxometalate catalyst comprising a transition metal (TM) , or a solvate thereof , thereby generating the aldehydes and/or ketones.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said nitro coordinated polyoxometalate catalyst forms a transition metal-NOcomplex which catalyses C═C bond cleavage of the alkene claim 1 , thereby generating the aldehydes and/or ketones.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said nitro coordinated polyoxometalate is formed either in situ with said alkene or independent from said alkene; wherein said nitro coordinated polyoxometalate is formed by reacting a polyoxometalate precatalyst comprising transition metal (TM) claim 1 , or a solvate thereof with nitrogen dioxide (NO).4. The process of claim 3 , wherein said NOis added as a gas or in the form of its dimer NO claim 3 , and wherein the reaction is conducted under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said nitro coordinated polyoxometalate is formed in situ with said alkene or independent from said alkene; wherein said nitro coordinated polyoxometalate is formed by reacting polyoxometalate precatalyst and a nitroalkane under aerobic conditions.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein said process in situ comprises contacting said alkene with an aqua (HO) or other ligand coordinated polyoxometalate ...

Synthesis Method for Candesartan Cilexetil Intermediate

A synthesis method for a candesartan cilexetil intermediate represented by formula (II) is provided. The method includes (1) dissolving a compound represented by formula (IV) to an aprotic solvent to obtain a first mixed solution, and dissolving a phase transfer catalyst and an azidation reagent to water to obtain a second mixed solution; (2) dropping the first mixed solution to the second mixed solution for azidation reaction, and after the reaction is ended, standing and layering same to obtain an organic phase containing a compound represented by formula (V); (3) dropping the obtained organic phase containing the compound represented by formula (V) to tertiary butyl alcohol for rearrangement reaction, and after the reaction is ended, concentrating same to obtain a solid or oily material, then adding a crystallizing solvent to the obtained solid or oily material for recrystallization, and separating same to obtain a crystal. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene claim 1 , chlorobenzene claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , chloroform claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-dichloroethane and 1 claim 1 ,2-dibromoethane claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase transfer catalyst is selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium bromide claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium chloride claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium fluoride and tetrabutylammonium iodide claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the phase transfer catalyst to the compound represented by formula (IV) is 0.01-0.08:1.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the azidation reaction is carried out at −3° C. to 10° C.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the rearrangement reaction is carried out at 75° C. to 95° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of tertiary butyl alcohol to ...

Manufacturing method for core-shell-type porous silica particle

Provided is a method for manufacturing core-shell-type porous silica particles, the method including: a preparation step for preparing an aqueous solution containing non-porous silica particles, a cationic surfactant, a basic catalyst, a hydrophobic part-containing additive, and an alcohol; a shell precursor formation step for adding a silica source to the aqueous solution to form a shell precursor on the surfaces of the non-porous silica particles; and a shell formation step for removing the hydrophobic part-containing additive and the cationic surfactant from the shell precursor to form a porous shell.

Continuous process for the preparation of thiocarboxylate silane

The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of thiocarboxylate silane comprising reacting an aqueous solution of a salt of a thiocarboxylic acid with a haloalkylalkoxysilane in the presence of a solid supported catalyst. The invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of an aqueous solution of a salt of a thiocarboxylic acid which comprises reacting an aqueous solution of a sulfide and/or hydrosulfide with a carboxylic acid halide and/or acid anhydride.

LIQUID PHASE PROCESS FOR PREPARING (E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUOROBUT-2-ENE

Disclosed herein are methods of producing E-CFCH═CHCFin a liquid phase. Also disclosed are methods of preparing CFCHCHClCFand CFCHClCHCCl. 1. A process for preparing E-CFCH═CHCF , comprising:{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3', '3, 'treating CFCHCHClCFwith an effective amount of a base to form a mixture comprising the E-CFCH═CHCF,'}wherein the process is a liquid phase process.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises one or more of hexafluoroisobutylene (1336mt) claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-hexafluorobutane (356mff) claim 1 , (E)-1-chloro-1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-pentafluorobut-2-ene (1335lzz) claim 1 , and Z—CFCH═CHCF.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium oxide claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium oxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium oxide claim 1 , rubidium hydroxide claim 1 , rubidium oxide claim 1 , cesium hydroxide claim 1 , cesium oxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium oxide claim 1 , strontium hydroxide claim 1 , strontium oxide claim 1 , barium hydroxide claim 1 , and barium oxide.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the base is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the base is in an aqueous solution of from about 4 M to about 12 M.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , a heterocyclic ammonium salt claim 1 , an organic phosphonium salt claim 1 , and a nonionic compound.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the phase transfer catalyst is selected from the group consisting of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride claim 6 , benzyltriethylammonium chloride claim 6 , methyltricaprylammonium chloride claim 6 , methyltributylammonium chloride claim 6 , methyltrioctylammonium chloride claim 6 , ...

METHOD AND DEVICES FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST IN A PET RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL DOSE

Highly quantitative methods for determining the concentration of residual phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) in radiotracer or radiopharmaceutical doses are described. The methods comprise mixing aliquots of the doses that can contain residual PTCs with a sodium and/or potassium salt; extracting a residual PTC/salt complex into an organic phase; and detecting the amount of PTC/salt complex in the organic phase. The detecting can involve visual colorimetry or measuring the absorbance or transmittance of the organic phase when the sodium and/or potassium salt comprises a chromophoric ion, or measuring the resistance of the organic phase. Also described are devices for use in performing the methods. 1. A method of detecting the presence or concentration of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) in a sample , the method comprising:(a) mixing a sample containing or suspected of containing a PTC with an aqueous solution comprising a potassium and/or sodium salt to provide an aqueous mixture;(b) adding an organic solvent to the aqueous mixture to provide a biphasic mixture comprising an aqueous phase and an organic phase;(c) mixing the biphasic mixture for a period of time;(d) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase; and(e) analyzing the organic phase, thereby determining the presence or concentration of the PTC.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample containing or suspected of containing a PTC comprises a radiopharmaceutical.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the radiopharmaceutical comprises fluorine-18 (F).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the radiopharmaceutical is selected from the group consisting of [F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) [F]sodium fluoride; [F]3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) claim 3 , [F]fluoromisonidazole claim 3 , [F]florbetaben claim 3 , [F]florbetapir claim 3 , [F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET) claim 3 , [F]flutemetamol claim 3 , [F]-fluorocholine (FCH) claim 3 , [F]fluoroethylcholine (FECH) claim 3 , [F]fallypride claim 3 , and [F]6-fluor- ...

Process for manufacture of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

Process for manufacture of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

OXIRANE-FUNCTIONAL VINYL MONOMERS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A method for making a monomer includes reacting an alkanol-substituted phenol with epihalohydrin in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst at a temperature of 50° C. or lower to produce a first intermediate product. The method further includes removing excess epihalohydrin, and after removing excess epihalohydrin, contacting the first intermediate product with a base to produce a second intermediate product, and forming an oxirane-functional vinyl monomer from the second intermediate product. The monomer includes an oxirane group, an unsaturated vinyl bond, and optionally an aromatic spacer between the two functional groups. 1. A method for making a monomer , the method comprising:reacting an alkanol-substituted phenol with epihalohydrin in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst (preferably a quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt) at a temperature of 50° C. or lower to produce a first intermediate product;removing excess epihalohydrin;after removing excess epihalohydrin, contacting the first intermediate product with a base to produce a second intermediate product; andforming an oxirane-functional vinyl monomer from the second intermediate product.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of Ris methoxy and n is 1 to 4.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is water soluble claim 1 , optionally wherein the base comprises a metallic base (e.g. claim 1 , a base including aluminum claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , lithium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , or potassium).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first intermediate product comprises a halohydrin ether of alkanol-substituted phenol.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first intermediate product comprises a mixture of a mono-epoxide glycidyl ether of alkanol-substituted phenol and halohydrin ether of alkanol-substituted phenol.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming of the second intermediate product occurs substantially at 50° C. or lower.12. The method of ...

Catalyst systems

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C2-C30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C1-C30) hydrocarbyl; L1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C1-C20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts.

PROCESSES FOR PREPARING CALIXARENES

This invention relates to a process for preparing a calixarene compound by reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound. The invention also relates to processes for high-yield, high solid-content production of a calixarene compound, with high selectivity toward a high-purity calix[8]arene compound, without carrying out a recrystallization step. 1. A process for preparing a calixarene compound , comprising:{'sub': 1', '2, 'reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound, wherein the nitrogen-containing base is a tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, wherein each alkyl moiety in the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is independently Cto Calkyl.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound is phenol claim 1 , an alkyl phenol claim 1 , or an arylalkyl phenol.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the phenolic compound is a para-C-Calkyl phenol claim 4 , benzyl phenol claim 4 , or cumyl phenol.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the phenolic compound to the aldehyde ranges from about 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1 claim 1 , and the molar ratio of the phenolic compound to the nitrogen-containing base ranges from about 200:1 to about 20:1.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the mass ratio of the phenolic compound to the organic solvent is no less than 0.25:1.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions.11. The process of claim 1 , ...

TARGETED, METAL-CATALYZED FLUORINATION OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS WITH FLUORIDE ION VIA DECARBOXYLATION

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein. 1. A method of targeted fluorination comprising combining a mono-fluoro-aryl iodine-(III) carboxylate and a manganese catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manganese catalyst is a manganese porphyrin or a manganese salen.3. The method of further comprising mixing a compound containing a carboxyl group claim 1 , a nucleophilic fluoride source claim 1 , a solvent and an iodine (III) oxidant to form the mono-fluoro-aryl iodine-(III) carboxylate prior to the step of combining.4. The method of further comprising maintaining the mono-fluoro-aryl iodine-(III) carboxylate at a temperature from 25° C. to 80° C.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nucleophilic fluoride source is trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride is triethylamine trihydrofluoride.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of combining is performed under an inert atmosphere.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nucleophilic fluoride source is [F]-fluoride.9. The method of claim 3 , wherein prior to the step of mixing claim 3 , the method comprises obtaining an aqueous [F] fluoride solution from a cyclotron claim 3 , loading the aqueous [F] fluoride solution onto an ion exchange cartridge and releasing the [F] fluoride from the ion exchange cartridge with an alkaline solution. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,673, which was filed Feb. 9, 2016 as a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/239,719, which was filed Apr. 8, 2014 and was a 35 U.S.C § 371 national stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/051628, which was filed Aug. 20, 2012. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/239,719 claimed the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/113,847, ...

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE

A process for the preparation of 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl) methyl-amino-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl valeronitrile, which is known as Verapamil is described. A process for improving the purity of verapamil and therefore of its hydrochloride represented as the compound of formula I, by efficient removal of the impurities formed, affording a product of purity greater than 99% is described. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt phase transfer catalyst used in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium bromide claim 1 , benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA) claim 1 , cetyltrimethylammonium bromide claim 1 , cetylpyridinium bromide claim 1 , N-benzylquininium chloride claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium chloride claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium iodide claim 1 , tetraethylammonium chloride claim 1 , benzyltributylammonium chloride claim 1 , hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride claim 1 , tetramethylammonium chloride claim 1 , hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride claim 1 , and octyltrimethylammonium chloride or combinations thereof.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the phase transfer catalyst used in step (a) of is tetrabutylammonium bromide.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base used in step (a) is an inorganic base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium hydroxide claim 1 , cesium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , cesium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; or combinations thereof in a solvent.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base used in step (a) of is sodium hydroxide in water as solvent.6. The process according to claim 1 ...

Methods of Producing Linear Alpha Olefins

A method of producing linear alpha olefins includes: preparing a solution A, comprising: introducing an organometallic compound and an organic ligand to a first vessel, wherein the first vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and introducing a solvent to the first vessel via the Schlenk line; preparing a solution B separately from solution A, comprising: introducing an ammonium salt to a second vessel, wherein the second vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and introducing an organoaluminum compound and a solvent to the second vessel via the Schlenk line; producing the linear alpha olefins by introducing solution A and solution B to an ethylene oligomerization reactor. 1. A method of producing linear alpha olefins , comprising: introducing an organometallic compound and an organic ligand to a first vessel,', 'wherein the first vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and', 'introducing a solvent to the first vessel via the Schlenk line;, 'preparing a solution A, comprising introducing an ammonium salt to a second vessel, wherein the second vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and', 'introducing an organoaluminum compound and a solvent to the second vessel via the Schlenk line;, 'preparing a solution B separately from solution A, comprisingproducing the linear alpha olefins by introducing solution A and solution B to an ethylene oligomerization reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the first vessel and/or the second vessel prior to preparing solution A and/or solution B claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein the drying occurs in an oven at a temperature greater than or equal to 50° C.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purging the first vessel and/or the second vessel with an inert gas claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is nitrogen.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the purging occurs while the first vessel and/or the second vessel cools from a temperature ...

Catalyst for oxidation reactions, a method for its preparation and the use thereof

The present invention relates to a catalyst for oxidation reactions, particularly for oxidation of mercaptan dialkyldisulfides and/or dialklypolysulfides with oxygen to alkanesulfonic acids.

Method for producing cyclic carbonate

Provided is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate obtained by reacting epoxide and carbon dioxide, the method being capable of efficiently producing a cyclic carbonate at a high conversion rate and a high yield, in which degradation of the catalyst over time is suppressed and catalytic activity hardly decreases. A method for producing a cyclic carbonate by reacting epoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of a quaternary onium salt selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt having a halogenated anion as a counter ion and a quaternary phosphonium salt having a halogenated anion as a counter ion, or in the presence of a solid catalyst obtained by immobilizing the quaternary onium salt onto a carrier, wherein an organohalogen compound containing at least one halogen atom in one molecule is added to the reaction system.

Crosslinkable composition

An RMA crosslinkable composition for making thick coating layers having at least one crosslinkable component comprising reactive components A and B each including at least 2 reactive groups wherein the at least 2 reactive groups of component A are acidic protons (C—H) in activated methylene or methine groups, and the at least 2 reactive groups of component B are activated unsaturated groups (C═C), to achieve crosslinking by Real Michael Addition reaction, the composition further including a base catalyst (C), an X—H group containing component (D) that is also a Michael addition donor reactable with component B under the action of catalyst C, wherein X is C, N, P, O or S and a sag control component (E). A crosslikable composition is also disclosed for preparing thick coating layers having a dry thickness of at least 70 mu having a surface appearance and hardness of the resulting cured composition.

PREPARATION OF DIESTERS OF (METH)ACRYLIC ACID FROM EPOXIDES

The invention relates to a method for preparation of diesters from anhydrides of carboxylic acids. 115-. (canceled)17. The process of claim 16 , wherein:{'sup': 1', '2, 'Ris a hydrogen atom, Ris a vinyl group, and the (meth)acrylic anhydride of formula (II) is acrylic acid anhydride; or alternatively{'sup': 1', '2, 'Ris a methyl group, Ris a 1-methylvinyl group and the (meth)acrylic anhydride of formula (II) is methacrylic acid anhydride.'}18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic substituents having up to 17 carbon atoms are selected from the group consisting of: optionally substituted alkyl claim 16 , cycloalkyl claim 16 , alkenyl claim 16 , or alkadienyl substituents having up to 17 carbon atoms optionally substituted with one substituent Rselected from: a halogen atom claim 16 , —CN claim 16 , —SCN claim 16 , —OCN claim 16 , and —NCO.19. The process of claim 16 , wherein the epoxide of general Formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of: ethylene oxide; propylene oxide; 1-hexene oxide; cyclohexene oxide; cyclopentene oxide; 1-butene oxide; 2-butene oxide; isobutene oxide; styrene oxide; and glycidyl methacrylate.20. The process of claim 16 , wherein process step (a) is carried out in the presence of the first catalyst claim 16 , the second catalyst and the co-catalyst.21. The process of claim 16 , wherein the co-catalyst is a quaternary ammonium salt.22. The process of claim 16 , wherein the co-catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: tetrabutylammonium chloride; tetrabutylammonium bromide; tetraethylammonium chloride; tetrabutylammonium acetate; tetramethylammonium chloride; tetrapentylammonium bromide; cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide; 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolyl chloride; cetylpyridinium chloride; and triethylbenzylammonium chloride.23. The process of claim 16 , wherein the second catalyst is a chromium (III) carboxylate.24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the chromium (III) carboxylate is ...

CROSSLINKABLE COMPOSITION CROSS-LINKABLE BY REAL MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION AND RESINS FOR USE IN SAID COMPOSITION

An RMA crosslinkable composition having at least one crosslinkable component including reactive components A and B each including at least 2 reactive groups, the at least 2 reactive groups of component A being acidic protons (C—H) in activated methylene or methine groups and the at least 2 reactive groups of component B are activated unsaturated groups (C═C) and a base catalyst (C) which reactive components A and B crosslink by Real Michael Addition (RMA) reaction under action of the base catalyst, characterised in that the at least one crosslinkable component including reactive components A and B in the composition have a total hydroxy number of less than 60, preferably less than 40 and more preferably less than 20 mg KOH/g solids. Further, specific resins A and B having a low hydroxy number for use in RMA cross-linkable compositions and a process for the manufacture thereof. 1) An RMA crosslinkable composition comprising at least one crosslinkable component comprising reactive components A and B each comprising at least 2 reactive groups , wherein the at least 2 reactive groups of component A are C—H acidic protons in activated methylene or methine groups , and the at least 2 reactive groups of component B are C═C activated unsaturated groups and a base catalyst C , which reactive components A and B crosslink by Real Michael Addition reaction under action of the base catalyst , wherein the at least one crosslinkable component comprising reactive components A and B in the composition has a total hydroxy number of less than 60 mg KOH/g solids.2) The RMA crosslinkable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one crosslinkable component comprising reactive components A and B in the composition has a total hydroxy number less than 20 mg KOH/g solids.3) The RMA crosslinkable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst C is a carbonate salt according to formula XROCO claim 1 , wherein X is a non-acidic cation claim 1 , and R is hydrogen or a ...

Method for producing carbon monoxide

The present invention concerns a method of production for carbon monoxide using a derivative of formic acid, in particular an alkyl formate. It also concerns a method chosen from among, the method of production of methanol, the method of production of acetic acid (Monsanto and Cativa methods), the method of hydroformylation of olefins (oxo and aldox method, the method of production of hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch method), or the method of carbonylation of nickel (Mond method), comprising a step of production of carbon monoxide using an alkyl formate of formula (I) by the method according to the invention. It further concerns a “CO pump” or “CO liquid storage” method comprising a step of production of carbon monoxide using an alkyl formate of formula (I) according to the method of the invention.

Catalyst System for Producing Cyclic Carbonates and Method Related Thereto

The present invention provides a catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO) and epoxide-based compounds comprising: 1. A catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO) and epoxide-based compounds comprising:a pre-catalyst; anda co-catalyst{'sub': 3', '4', '4, 'wherein said pre catalyst is BiCland said co-catalyst is selected from tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI), tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (PBuBr), tetra-n-butylphosphonium iodide (PBuI) or mixtures thereof.'}2. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is selected from tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) or tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (PBuBr).3. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio between the pre-catalyst and the co-catalyst is in the range of 1:1 to 1:3.4. The catalyst system according to claim 3 , wherein the mole ratio between the pre-catalyst and the co-catalyst is 1:2.5. A use of the catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO) and epoxide-based compounds claim 3 , the catalyst system comprising:a pre-catalyst; anda co-catalyst{'sub': 3', '4', '4, 'wherein said pre catalyst is BiCland said co-catalyst is selected from tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI), tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (PBuBr), tetra-n-butylphosphonium iodide (PBuI) or mixtures thereof.'}6. The use of the catalyst system according to claim 5 , wherein the co-catalyst is selected from tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) or tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (PBuBr).7. The use of the catalyst system according to claim 5 , wherein the mole ratio between the pre-catalyst and the co-catalyst is in the range of 1:1 to 1:3.8. The use of the catalyst system according to claim 7 , wherein the mole ratio between the pre-catalyst and the co-catalyst is 1:2.9. A method for producing cyclic carbonates which comprises reacting epoxide ...

Process for preparing isocyanurate

The present invention provides a process for preparing isocyanurate from diisocyanate, in which i) prior to the reaction the peroxide content of the diisocyanate to be used is determined, and thereafter ii) a) if the determined peroxide content is greater than 10 mmol/kg, the diisocyanate is subjected to distillative purification until the determined peroxide content is less than or equal to 10 mmol/kg, orb) if the determined peroxide content is less than or equal to 10 mmol/kg, no further action is taken, and iii) distilled diisocyanate with respect to a) and/or untreated diisocyanate with respect to b) is subsequently converted to isocyanurate.

RADICAL GENERATING CATALYST, METHOD FOR PRODUCING RADICAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING OXIDATION REACTION PRODUCT, DRUG, AND DRUG FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY

The present invention is intended to provide a radical generating catalyst that can generate (produce) radicals under mild conditions. In order to achieve the above object, the first radical generating catalyst of the present invention includes: at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, phospholipids, and salts thereof. The second or third radical generating catalyst of the present invention includes an ammonium salt represented by the following chemical formula (XI) (excluding peroxodisulfate) and having a Lewis acidity of 0.4 eV or more. 1. A radical generating catalyst comprising:at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, proteins, peptides, phospholipids, and salts thereof, whereinthe radical generating catalyst catalyzes radical generation from a radical source, andthe radical source comprises an oxoacid or an ion or salt thereof.2. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising:ammonium.5. (canceled)6. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 4 , whereinthe ammonium is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, methylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dequalinium chloride, edrophonium, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, oxytropium, carbachol, glycopyrronium, safranin, sinapine, tetraethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, suxamethonium, sphingomyelin, ganglioside GM1, denatonium, trigonelline, neostigmine, paraquat, pyridostigmine, phellodendrine, pralidoxime methiodide, betaine, betanin, bethanechol, betalain, lecithin, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and cholines.7. (canceled)12. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 1 , whereinthe amino acid is at least one selected from the group ...

Catalysts and methods for polymer synthesis

The present invention provides unimolecular metal complexes having increased activity in the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Also provided are methods of using such metal complexes in the synthesis of polymers. According to one aspect, the present invention provides metal complexes comprising an activating species with co-catalytic activity tethered to a multidentate ligand that is coordinated to the active metal center of the complex.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC COMPOUND

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing an organic compound by a phase transfer catalysis reaction using a forced thin-film microreactor. In the present invention, at least two types of fluid, which are a first fluid and a second fluid are used; the first fluid and the second fluid are not miscible with each other; at least the first fluid thereamong includes one or two items selected from the three items of an organic compound, a reactant, and a phase transfer catalyst; from among the fluids other than the first fluid, at least the second fluid includes at least one item from among the items not selected from the three items; the overall first fluid and second fluid contain all of the three items; and each of the fluids merged 1. A method for producing an organic compound , whereinat least two fluids, a first fluid and a second fluid, are used,the first fluid and the second fluid are immiscible with each other,of the two fluids, at least the first fluid contains one or more entities selected from three entities selected from an organic compound, a reacting agent, and a phase-transfer catalyst,of the fluids other than the first fluid, at least the second fluid contains at least one entity not selected from the three entities,the first fluid and the second fluid as the whole contains the three entities,the first fluid and the second fluid are converged by introducing into a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces which are disposed in a position they are faced with each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, thereby conducting a phase-transfer catalysis reaction in the thin film fluid, andof the first fluid and the second fluid, a fluid containing at least the phase-transfer catalyst is prepared, before it is introduced into the processing surfaces, such that the phase-transfer catalyst contained in the first fluid and/or the second ...

POLYMERIZATION OF SILYL- AND FLUORO-CONTAINING MONOMERS

Condensation of fluoro-substituted and silyl-substituted monomers provides polymers suitable for use, e.g., as engineering polymers. A monomer composition is condensed in the presence of a bifluoride or poly(hydrogen fluoride) fluoride salt. The monomer composition contains a compound of formula F-X-F and a compound of formula (R)Si—Z—Si(R), and forms an alternating X-Z polymer chain and a silyl fluoride byproduct. X has the formula -A(-R-A)n-; each A is SO, C(═O), or Het; Ris an organic moiety; n is 0 or 1; Het is an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle; Z has the formula -L-R-L-; each L is O, S, or N(R); and each Ris an organic moiety, and Rcomprises H or an organic moiety. 1: A polymerization method comprising the step of combining a liquid monomer composition and a catalyst comprising a salt of formula (R)(F(HF)) , wherein R is an organic cation or a chelated metal cation , and w is 1 or greater to form a polymer therefrom;{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein the monomer composition comprises at least one compound of formula F-X-F and at least one compound of formula (R)Si—Z—Si(R);'}{'sup': '1', 'each Rindependently is a hydrocarbyl group;'}{'sup': '2', 'X has the formula -A(-R-A)n-;'}{'sub': '2', 'each A independently is SO, C(═O), or Het;'}{'sup': '2', 'Rcomprises a first organic moiety;'}n is 0 or 1;Het is an aromatic heterocycle comprising at least two carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom in a heteroaromatic ring thereof, and when A is Het, the F substituent is attached to a carbon atom of the heteroaromatic ring thereof,{'sup': '3', 'Z has the formula -L-R-L-;'}{'sup': '4', 'each L independently is O, S, or N(R);'}{'sup': '3', 'Rcomprises a second organic moiety;'}{'sup': '4', 'each Rindependently is H or a third organic moiety; and'}{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein the F and (R)Si substituents form a silyl fluoride byproduct of formula (R)Si—F as the respective A and L groups of the monomers condense to form an X-Z polymer chain.'}2: The method ...

PROCESSES FOR THE DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF A CHLORINATED ALKANE

The present invention provides a process for the dehydrochlorination of a chlorinated alkane to produce a chlorinated alkene. In particular, the processes comprise contacting a chlorinated alkane, a base, and a phase transfer catalyst. 1. A process for producing a chlorinated alkene , wherein the process comprises contacting(a) a liquid chlorinated alkane stream comprising a soluble iron-tributylphosphate complex;(b) an aqueous phase comprising an inorganic base;(c) a phase transfer catalyst;wherein the chlorinated alkene product has one less chlorine atom than the chlorinated alkane; andwherein the chlorinated alkane stream contains high-boiling point chlorocarbons, catalysts, or combinations thereof; and is not further purified to remove these high boiling point components; andwherein the aqueous phase comprising an inorganic base is produced from the chloroalkali process.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated alkane stream comprises 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3-tetrachloropropane.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated alkene comprises 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3-trichloropropene claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-trichloropropene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-trichloropropene claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal portion of the soluble iron-tributylphosphate complex precipitates as a metal hydroxide; which is removed from the aqueous phase by filtration claim 1 , settling claim 1 , or centrifugation.7. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the phase transfer catalyst comprises tetraalkylammonium compound claim 1 , a tetraalkylphosphonium compound claim 1 , a pyridinium salt claim 1 , or combinations thereof.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the phase transfer catalyst is selected from a group consisting of trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) claim 8 , dioctyldimethylamonium chloride claim 8 , Arquad 2HT-75 claim 8 , benzyldimethyldecylammonium ...

Accelerator Composition for the Cure of Polyfunctional Isocyanates with Epoxy Resins

The present disclosure is related to an accelerator composition for the cure of polyfunctional isocyanates with epoxy resins comprising (a) a boron trihalide-amine complex, and (b) a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halide as well as the use of such accelerator composition, cured isocyanate-epoxy resin products obtainable therefrom and a method of making a cured isocyanate-epoxy resin product. 1. An accelerator composition for curing polyfunctional isocyanates with epoxy resins comprising(a) a boron trihalide-amine complex, and(b) a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halide.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein component (a) is a boron trichloride-amine complex.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein component (a) is a boron trichloride-dimethyloctylamine complex claim 2 , boron trichloride-trimethylamine complex claim 2 , boron trichloride-benzyldimethylamine complex or mixtures thereof.4. The composition according to any of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein component (b) is a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium bromide or chloride.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein component (b) is benzyltriethylammoniumchloride claim 4 , tetrabutylammoniumchloride claim 4 , tetrabutylammonium bromide claim 4 , tetrabutylphosphonium chloride tetrabutylphosphonium bromide or mixtures thereof.6. The composition according to any of the preceding claims claim 4 , wherein the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is in the range from about 50:1 to 1:1.7. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is about 20:1 to 5:1.8. Use of an accelerator composition according to any of the preceding claims for the cure of polyfunctional isocyanates with epoxy resin.9. The use according to claim 8 , wherein the polyfunctional isocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethane-2 claim 8 ,4- or -4 claim 8 ,4′-diisocyanate; polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate; ...

Process for the racemization of alpha-amino acids

According to the present invention, a method is provided wherein a basic aqueous phase containing an optically active α-amino acid is brought into contact with an organic phase containing a racemisation catalyst in the form of a copper metal complex of copper ions and an α-amino acid and salicylaldehyde, in the presence of a phase transition catalyst, thereby subjecting the optically active α-amino acid to racemisation. In the α-amino acid racemisation method according to the present invention, the reaction conditions are mild and thus there is little α-amino acid breakdown and the yield is high, the racemisation catalyst can be reused, the α-amino acid resulting from the racemisation can easily be isolated and purified, and the racemisation method can be implemented in volume such that the invention is economic.

NEUTRAL, STABLE AND TRANSPARENT PHOTOCATALYTIC TITANIUM DIOXIDE SOLS

A method for preparing a neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol is provided. The method comprises (1) contacting an alkaline titanium dioxide sol with an alkaline peptizing agent to provide a peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; (2) neutralizing the peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; and (3) obtaining or collecting the neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol. The titanium dioxide sol is stable and transparent over a range of pH of about 7.0 to about 9.5. The titanium dioxide sol may include crystallites of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of less than about 10 nm with at least 90% of the crystallites being in the anatase form. 164-. (canceled)65. A method for preparing a photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol , the method comprising:peptizing a titanium dioxide material by reacting with an alkaline peptizing agent to provide a titanium dioxide sol; andneutralizing the titanium dioxide sol with a concentrated acid;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the titanium dioxide sol has a TiOconcentration of at least 18% by weight; and'}wherein the titanium dioxide sol has been washed to have a calcium ion concentration of less than about 71 ppm.66. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is selected from the group consisting of an alkylamine claim 65 , a quaternary ammonium hydroxide claim 65 , and combinations thereof.67. The method according to claim 66 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide.68. The method according to claim 66 , wherein the alkaline peptizing agent is selected from the group consisting of diethylamine (DEA) claim 66 , tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) claim 66 , and combinations thereof.69. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the titanium dioxide sol has been washed to a filtrate conductivity of equal to or less than 500 μs.70. The method according to claim 65 , wherein the concentrated acid comprises phosphoric acid ...

BRANCHED TRIALKYL QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS

The invention provides branched hydrophobes for the production of surfactants with improved properties over linear hydrophobes. The invention also provides branched Cenals and aldehydes. The invention additionally provides branched Cenals and aldehydes that are oxidized to branched fatty acids or hydrogenated to branched fatty alcohols and further derivatized to surfactants, through ethoxylation or esterification and other or subsequent reactions. The enals and aldehydes are useful in making branched trialkylamine intermediates useful in making certain surfactants, including amphoteric, cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactants which can be produced from the trialkylamine intermediates include the quaternary ammonium compounds of the invention. The quaternary ammonium compounds of the invention are also useful in making the branched enals and/or aldehydes useful in the invention. 3. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein R6 is C2H5.4. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein R5 and R6 independently are C2H5.5. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein R5 is CH3.6. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein R5 is CH3 and R6 is C2H5.7. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein R8 is benzyl or butyl.8. The quaternary ammonium compound of wherein X- is halide.9. The quaternary ammonium compound of selected from N-benzyl-2 claim 7 ,4-diethyl-N claim 7 ,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium chloride or N-butyl-2 claim 7 ,4-diethyl-N claim 7 ,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium bromide.10. A composition comprising the quaternary ammonium compound of .11. A composition comprising the quaternary ammonium compound of wherein the composition does not contain combinations with other quaternary ammonium compounds.12. The quaternary ammonium compound of which is a disinfecting agent.13. The quaternary ammonium compound of having a minimum lethal concentration against at least one microbe selected from gram-positive bacteria claim 12 , gram-negative bacteria claim 12 , or yeast ...

ETHYLENE SENSOR

Wacker oxidation can be used as a signal transduction mechanism for the selective and sensitive detection of ethylene in air via chemiresistive sensing. Using this system, the senescence of lisianthus flowers and carnations can be monitored. 1. A sensor comprising:a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and a palladium based catalyst material in contact with the conductive material.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a p-type conductor or an n-type conductor.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a carbon nanotube claim 1 , a carbon nanotube including a coordinating group claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , or graphene.4. The sensor of claim 3 , wherein the carbon nanotube including a coordinating group includes pyridyl functionalized carbon nanotubes.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes silica/zinc oxide nanoparticle and/or nanofiber.6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the palladium based catalyst includes Pd(II).7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the palladium based catalyst includes a Pd(II) salt and a nitrite salt claim 1 , a Pd(II) salt with a Cu(II) salt and a nitrite salt claim 1 , or a Pd-Cu heterobimetallic complex and a nitrite salt.8. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the palladium based catalyst includes an alkyl ammonium nitrite salt.9. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a metal oxide.10. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes an inorganic semiconductor.11. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes an ionic liquid solvent.12. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes an oil or flexible polymer.13. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes a liquid material.14. The sensor of claim 13 , wherein the liquid material includes an aromatic alcohol.15. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes a ...

PROCESSES FOR PREPARING CALIXARENES

This invention relates to a process for preparing a calixarene compound by reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound. The invention also relates to processes for high-yield, high solid-content production of a calixarene compound, with high selectivity toward a high-purity calix[8]arene compound, without carrying out a recrystallization step. 1. A process for preparing a calixarene compound , comprising:reacting a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in the presence of at least one nitrogen-containing base as a catalyst to form the calixarene compound.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the amidine compound is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 2 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) claim 2 , 1 claim 2 ,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) claim 2 , 1 claim 2 ,2-dimethyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , 1 claim 2 ,2-diethyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , 1-n-propyl-2-methyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , 1-isopropyl-2-methyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , 1-ethyl-2-n-propyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 2 , and 1-ethyl-2-isopropyl-1 claim 2 ,4 claim 2 ,5 claim 2 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the guanidine compound is selected from the group consisting of 1-methylguanidine claim 4 , 1-n-butylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,1-dimethylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,1-diethylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,1 claim 4 ,2-trimethylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,2 claim 4 ,3-trimethylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,3-diphenylguanidine claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,1 claim 4 ,2 claim 4 ,3 claim 4 ,3-pentamethylguanidine claim 4 , 2-ethyl-1 claim 4 ,1 claim 4 ,3 claim 4 ,3-tetramethylguanidine ...

Ligand compound, catalyst system for olefin oligomerization, and method for oligomerizing olefins using the same

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the chemical formula 1, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization comprising the same, and a method for oligomerizign olefins using the same, and the catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention has excellent catalytic activity as well as high selectivity for 1-hexene or 1-octene, thereby enabling more efficient preparation of alpha-olefins.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING EPOXY COMPOUND

The invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by hydrogen peroxide using an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond as a raw material, wherein a by-product is suppressed from being generated and the epoxy compound is produced in a high yield. In particular, the invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound involving oxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungsten compound; a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof; and an onium salt having an alkyl sulfate ion represented by formula (I) as an anion: 2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the onium salt is a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the onium salt is a quaternary ammonium salt.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbons.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a methyl group or an ethyl group.6. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH value in the reaction system in the step of oxidizing the carbon-carbon double bond is 3.0 to 7.0.7. The production method according to claim 1 , further comprising a neutral inorganic salt in the reaction system of the step of oxidizing the carbon-carbon double bond.8. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the selectivity of the by-product to the selectivity of the epoxy compound is 0.25 or less.9. The production method according to claim 2 , wherein the onium salt is a quaternary phosphonium salt.10. The production method according to claim 2 , wherein Ris a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbons.11. The production method according to claim 2 , wherein Ris a methyl group or an ethyl group.12. The production method according to claim 2 , ...

NOVEL CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYST, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING A-AMINO ACID BY USING SAME

The present invention relates to a novel chiral phase-transfer catalyst, and a method for preparing an alpha-amino acid by using the same. According to the present invention, an alpha-amino acid of high optical purity could be synthesized in a high yield under an easy industrially applicable reaction condition by using a novel cinchona alkaloid compound as a chiral phase-transfer catalyst, and thus the present invention can be used as a key technique of the asymmetric alpha-amino acid synthesis and preparation field. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said X of the compound represented by Formula 1 is one of —CH— claim 1 , —C(OH)H— or —C(═O)— claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '5, 'Ris hydrogen or Cto Calkoxy;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris vinyl or ethyl;'}{'sup': '3', 'sub': 1', '10', '5', '10, 'Ris hydrogen, Cto Calkyl, allyl, or Cto Caryl; and'}{'sup': '−', 'Y is halogen anion selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.'}3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said X of the compound represented by Formula 1 is —CH— claim 1 , —C(OH)H— or —C(═O)— claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'Ris hydrogen or methoxy group;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris vinyl or ethyl group;'}{'sup': '3', 'Ris hydrogen or allyl group; and'}{'sup': '−', 'Y is halogen anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide.'}4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:4,4′-bis(cinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;4,4′-bis(O(9)-allylcinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;4,4′-bis(hydrocinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;4,4′-bis(O(9)-allylhydrocinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;3,4′-bis(cinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;3,4′-bis(O(9)-allylcinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;3,3′-bis(cinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone dibromide;3,3′-bis(O(9)-allylcinchonidium-N-methyl)biphenyl methanone ...

Method for producing 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and method for producing glycidyl (meth)acrylate

To reduce formation of side products and to enhance a selectivity rate in a method for producing 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and in a method for producing glycidyl (meth)acrylate. The present invention is characterized by a method for producing 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate through a reaction of (meth)acrylic acid and epichlorohydrin; more specifically, the reaction is carried out by using 0.5 to 2 mol of epichlorohydrin relative to 1 mol of (meth)acrylic acid, and by adding epichlorohydrin to (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst. Also, the present invention is characterized by a method for producing glycidyl (meth)acrylate through a reaction of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and a basic carbonate compound in a polar solvent.

CATALYSTS FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A WATER-SURFACTANT MIXTURE

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises a compound with solubilizing groups. This technology improves the solubility of the reaction components in the water-surfactant mixture and thereby, greatly increases the productivity and selectivity of the chemical reaction. 1. A reaction mixture comprising one or more reactants , a catalyst and a surfactant-water mixture , wherein the catalyst is(a) a coupling reagent comprising one or more solubilizing groups; or(b) a metal ion in complex with a ligand comprising one or more solubilizing groups;{'sub': '5-50', 'wherein the solubilizing group comprises a Calkyl group or a poly(alkylene glycol) group with 2 to 20 repeating units.'}2. The reaction mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the solubilizing group comprises a Calkyl group and has one or more of the following features:(i) the alkyl group is linear;(ii) the alkyl group comprises 8-15 carbon atoms, in particular 10-14 carbon atoms, especially 12 carbon atoms;(iii) it is substituted with one or more groups selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino optionally substituted with one or two of methyl, ethyl and/or propyl, in particular methoxy, ethoxy or hydroxy;(iv) it is 12-methoxydodecyl or dodecyl.3. The reaction mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the solubilizing group comprises a poly(alkylene glycol) group with 2 to 20 repeating units and has one or more of the following features:(i) the poly(alkylene glycol) group is a poly(ethylene glycol) group or poly(propylene glycol) group, in particular a poly(ethylene glycol) group;(ii) the poly(alkylene glycol) group has 3 to 8 repeating units, in particular 4 to 6 repeating units;(iii) it is substituted with one or more groups selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino optionally substituted with one or two of methyl, ethyl and/or propyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or propyl;(iv) it is a ...

METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING HIGH PURITY EPOXY COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM

A process for preparing a diglycidyl ether of formula (1) to (9) with epichlorohydrin and a catalyst, for a time and at a temperature to provide a first reaction mixture comprising a dichlorohydrin of formula (1-d) to (9-d); adding a base to the first reaction mixture to provide a second reaction mixture over a period of 15 minutes to 3 hours; and agitating the second reaction mixture for 2 to 5 hours at 40 to 60° C., to provide an as-synthesized diglycidyl ether of formula (1) to (9) having a purity of 96 to 99% or greater as determined by high performance liquid chromatography is provided. An as-synthesized or isolated diglycidyl ether of formula (1) to (9) made by the provided process is provided. A cured composition comprising the cured product of the provided diglycidyl ether, and an article comprising the same are provided. 3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the bisphenol of formula (1-b) to (9-b) has a purity of 90 to 99.9%.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the bisphenol of formula (1-b) to (9-b)/epichlorohydrin is 1/20 to 1/80.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , quaternary phosphonium salt claim 1 , sulphoxide claim 1 , sulpholane claim 1 , guanidinium salt claim 1 , imidazolium salt claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is hexaethylguanidium chloride and the catalyst is present at 2 to 30 mole percent claim 1 , based on the moles of the bisphenol of formula (1-b) to (9-b).7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide and the catalyst is present at 10 to 60 mole percent claim 1 , based on the moles of bisphenol of formula (1-b) to (9-b).8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reacting the bisphenol of formula (1-b) to (9-b) and the epichlorohydrin in the presence of the catalyst is for 2 to 9 hours at 50 to 80° C.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the base is sodium ...

Palladium Catalyst System Comprising Zwitterion And/Or Acid-Functionalyzed Ionic Liquid

The present invention concerns a catalyst system in particular a catalyst system comprising Palladium (Pd), a zwitterion and/or an acid-functionalized ionic liquid, and one or more phosphine ligands, wherein the Pd catalyst can be provided by a complex precursor, such as Pd(CH 3 COO) 2 , PdCl 2 , Pd(CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ), Pd(CF 3 COO) 2 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd 2 (dibenzylideneacetone) 3 . Such catalyst systems can be used for e.g. alkoxycarbonylation reactions, carboxylation reactions, and/or in a co-polymerization reaction, e.g. in the production of methyl propionate and/or propanoic acid, optionally in processes forming methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid. Catalyst systems according to the invention are suitable for reactions forming separable product and catalyst phases and supported ionic liquid phase SILP applications.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHER CARBOXYLIC ACID VINYL ESTERS

This invention concerns a process for the production of vinyl esters of carboxylic acids with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, via vinylation in the presence of palladium (Pd) catalyst in combination with copper (Cu) as co-catalyst stabilized by organic salts in the presence of ethylene and air or oxygen.

Purification Method and Production Method of Difluoromethyl-1, 2, 2, 2-Tetrafluoroethyl Ether

A purification method of desflurane (difluoromethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether of the formula (1)) includes bringing a mixture containing desflurane and a trihalomethane into contact with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, thereby decomposing the trihalomethane. By this method, only the trihalometane contained as a by-product in the desflurane is decomposed without causing decomposition of the desflurane, whereby the desflurane is obtained with high purity.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CYCLIC DIKETONE COMPOUND

Provided is a method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) by oxidative cleavage of a compound of formula (II), which is a bicyclic tetrasubstituted olefin compound, using hydrogen peroxide. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) includes a step of subjecting a compound represented by general formula (II) to oxidative cleavage using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst or in the presence of a tungstic acid compound to obtain the compound represented by general formula (I): 2. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'Ais an alkylene group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms that is optionally substituted, and'}{'sup': '2', 'Ais an alkylene group having 4, 6, 8, or 10 carbon atoms that is optionally substituted.'}3. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 1 , whereinthe oxidative cleavage is in the presence of the acid catalyst, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of Bronsted acid and Lewis acid.4. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 3 , whereinthe Bronsted acid is a Bronsted acid having a pKa (in water) of not more than 2.0.5. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 3 , whereinthe Bronsted acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid.6. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 1 , whereinthe oxidative cleavage is in the presence of the tungstic acid compound, which is tungstic acid, isopolytungstic acid, or heteropolytungstic acid.7. The method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I) according to claim 6 , wherein{'sub': 2', '4', '6', '2', '12', '40', '6', '10', '12', '46', '3', '12', '40', '2, 'the tungstic acid is orthotungstic acid (HWO), ...

METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A CATALYST SOLUTION FOR SELECTIVE 1-HEXENE PRODUCTION

A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for use in preparing a linear alpha olefin includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution by mixing a chromium source and a ligand in a first solvent, wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is stored in a first vessel; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution by mixing an organoaluminum compound and a modifier in a second solvent, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel; and simultaneously feeding the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution directly into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel includes a third solvent. 1. A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for use in preparing a linear alpha olefin , comprising:preparing a first pre-catalyst solution by mixing a chromium source and a ligand in a first solvent, wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is stored in a first vessel;preparing a second pre-catalyst solution by mixing an organoaluminum compound and a modifier in a second solvent, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel; andeither simultaneously feeding the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution directly into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel includes a third solvent;or simultaneously feeding the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution directly into a hydrocarbon solvent feed upstream from a reaction vessel.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chromium source is selected from organic or inorganic salts claim 1 , coordinate complexes and organometallic complexes of Cr(II) or Cr(III) claim 1 , preferably CrCl(THF) claim 1 , CR(III) acetyl acetonate claim 1 , Cr(III) octanoate claim 1 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 1 , Cr(III)-2-ethylenexanoate claim 1 , benzene(tricarbonyl)-chromium claim 1 , Cr(III) chloride claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ligand has the ...

Reduction catalyst and chemical reactor

According to one embodiment, a reduction catalyst includes a current collector including a metal layer; and organic molecules including a quaternary nitrogen cation, which are bonded to the metal layer. The organic molecules are represented by any of the following general formulae I to V.

METAL FINE PARTICLE DISPERSANT CONTAINING BRANCHED POLYMER COMPOUND HAVING AMMONIUM GROUP

A complex that includes a metal fine particle dispersant including a branched polymer compound having an ammonium group and having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000; and a metal fine particle, wherein the metal fine particle includes platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), the metal fine particle dispersant includes a branched polymer compound of Formula (1): 2. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the metal fine particle has an average particle diameter of 1 nm or more to 100 nm or less.3. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the branched polymer compound has a degree of distribution Mw (weight average molecular weight)/Mn (number average molecular weight) of 1 to 7.4. A composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the complex according to ; and'}an organic solvent.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from benzene claim 4 , toluene claim 4 , xylene claim 4 , ethylbenzene claim 4 , tetrahydrofuran claim 4 , diethyl ether claim 4 , acetone claim 4 , methyl ethyl ketone claim 4 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 4 , cyclohexanone claim 4 , n-heptane claim 4 , n-hexane claim 4 , or cyclohexane.6. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein an amount of the metal fine particle dispersant in the composition is 50 to 2 claim 4 ,000 parts by mass claim 4 , relative to 100 parts by weight of the metal fine particle. This is a Division of application Ser. No. 14/218,469 filed Mar. 18, 2014, which in turn is a Division of application Ser. No. 13/060,129 filed Apr. 8, 2011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,722,562), which in turn is a National Phase Application of PCT/JP2009/064670 filed on Aug. 21, 2009, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-047110 filed on Feb. 27, 2009 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-214677 filed on Aug. 22, 2008. The disclosure of the prior applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its ...

RADICAL GENERATING CATALYST, METHOD FOR PRODUCING RADICAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING OXIDATION REACTION PRODUCT, DRUG, AND DRUG FOR AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

An object of a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a radical generating catalyst that can generate (produce) radicals under mild conditions. In order to achieve the above object, a first radical generating catalyst according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it includes ammonium and/or a salt thereof. A second radical generating catalyst according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it includes an organic compound having Lewis acidic properties and/or Brønsted acidic properties. 170-. (canceled)72. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , whereinin the ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (XI),{'sup': 11', '21', '31', '41, 'R, R, R, and Rare each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and'}{'sup': 11', '21', '31', '41, 'R, R, R, and Rmay be the same or different from each other.'}74. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , whereinthe ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (XI) is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dequalinium chloride, edrophonium, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, oxytropium, carbachol, glycopyrronium, safranin, sinapine, tetraethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, suxamethonium, sphingomyelin, denatonium, trigonelline, neostigmine, paraquat, pyridostigmine, phellodendrine, pralidoxime methiodide, betaine, betanin, bethanechol, lecithin, and cholines.761. The radical generating catalyst according to claim claim 71 , wherein the ammonium salt is a salt of NH.77. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 76 , wherein{'sub': '4', 'the ammonium salt is NHCl.'}78. The radical generating catalyst according to claim 71 , ...

CATALYST SYSTEM

The invention relates to a method for producing a polycarbonate and the reaction of one or more diaryl carbonates with one or more aromatic compounds, wherein a catalyst combination is used in the process. The invention further relates to a catalyst combination and to the use thereof in a process for producing a polycarbonate. 1. A process for producing a polycarbonate , the process comprising: a first component comprising one or more quaternary nitrogen compounds;', 'a second component comprising one or more quaternary phosphorus compounds;', 'a third component comprising one or more alkali metal compounds; and', 'a fourth component comprising one or more sulphur-containing organic compounds., 'reacting one or more diaryl carbonates with one or more aromatic hydroxy compounds, wherein in the process a catalyst combination is employed which comprises2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first component comprises one or more quaternary nitrogen compounds having the general structure [(R)—N][X] claim 1 , wherein R represents claim 1 , independently of each other the same or different alkyl and/or aryl groups claim 1 , and X— comprises inorganic or organic anions claim 1 , in particular hydroxide claim 1 , sulphate claim 1 , carbonate claim 1 , formate claim 1 , benzoate claim 1 , phenolate claim 1 , wherein the first component comprises in particular one or more of the following compounds: tetramethylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , tetraethylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium hydroxide claim 1 , tetramethylammonium formate claim 1 , tetraethylammonium formate claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium formate claim 1 , tetramethylammonium acetate claim 1 , tetraethylammonium acetate claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium acetate claim 1 , tetramethylammonium fluoride claim 1 , tetraethylammonium fluoride claim 1 , tetrabutylammonium fluoride;or{'sub': '4', 'sup': +', '−, 'in that the second component comprises one or more quaternary phosphorus compounds ...

Compositions for Improved Production of Acrylic Acid

The present invention is directed to compositions which may undergo thermolysis to produce a higher purity acrylic acid product. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the compositions comprise polypropiolactone and one or more active salts. The one or more active salts may catalyze thermolysis of the polypropiolactone so that the polymer depolymerizes into acrylic acid monomers. Certain concentrations of the one or more active salts result in higher purity acrylic acid products of thermolysis. In certain preferred embodiments, the one or more active salts include an acrylate group which may decompose under thermolysis to provide acrylic acid and thus decrease the concentration of undesirable contaminants in the acrylic acid product. In certain preferred embodiment, the one or more active salts comprise sodium acrylate. 1. A composition comprising:a. polypropiolactone; andb. one or more active salts for catalyzing thermolysis of the polypropiolactone when the composition undergoes thermolysis at thermolysis conditions;wherein a portion of the active salt is residual from a polymerization reaction producing the polypropiolactone.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more active salts are chosen from a group including sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has a polypropiolactone concentration of at least about 95% by weight.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has polypropiolactone concentration of at least about 98% by weight.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said polypropiolactone has a number average molecular weight between about 750 g/mol and about 10 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said polypropiolactone has a number average molecular weight of greater than about 10 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has a concentration of said one or more active salts of at least about 0.01 by weight % ...

Catalyst system, process for olefin polymerization, and polymer compositions produced therefrom

Provided are catalyst systems, processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, polymers resulting therefrom, and articles prepared from such polymers. The processes comprise contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers, preferably propylene, with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator of the formula (1) or (2) as described herein. The polymer compositions described herein exhibit advantageously narrow composition distributions and high melting points in comparison to conventional polymers having the same comonomer content. The polymers described herein exhibit improved properties, e.g., pellet stability, impact properties, heat seal properties, and structural integrity in film and fabricated parts applications.

催化剂体系和用于烯烃聚合的方法

本申请涉及用于烯烃聚合的新催化剂体系，其包括具有式：[R 1 R 2 R 3 AH] + [Y] - 的新型离子活化剂，其中[Y] - 是非配位阴离子(NCA)，A是氮或磷，R 1 和R 2 是烃基或含杂原子的烃基以及与A一起形成第一、3-到10-元非芳香环，其中任意数目的相邻环组元可以任选是至少一个第二、芳香族的或脂肪族的环或脂肪族的和/或两个或更多个环芳香环体系的单元，其中所述至少一个第二环或环体系稠合到所述的第一个环上，以及其中第一和/或至少一个第二环或环体系的任何原子是碳原子或杂原子，可独立地被一个或多个选自氢原子、卤素原子C 1 到C 10 烷基、C 5 到C 15 芳香基、C 6 到C 25 芳基烷基和C 6 到C 25 烷基芳基的取代基取代，以及R 3 是氢原子或C 1 到C 10 的烷基，或者R 3 是连接到所述第一环和/或连接到所述至少一个第二环或环体系的C 1 到C 10 亚烷基。本申请还涉及采用这个或其它催化体系聚合烯烃优选丙烯的方法，以及由所述方法制得的聚合物。

Polymeric supported catalysts

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a substituted, bridged bisindenyl metallocene supported on a polymeric support wherein the metallocene is activated for polymerization by an ionizing reaction and stabilized in cationic form with a noncoordinating anion. A protonated ammonium salt of a noncoordinating amine is covalently bonded to the support. Propylene polymers produced by these supported catalyst systems have melting points and polymer microstructures similar to propylene polymers produced using analogous unsupported catalyst systems.

Method for preparing co-catalyst compound by using anhydrous hydrocarbon solvent

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a co-catalyst compound by using an anhydrous hydrocarbon solvent and a co-catalyst compound prepared thereby.

Catalyst composition for alkene oligomerisation and co-oligomerisation

A catalyst composition comprising a first component which is a substituted-bis(cyclopentadienyl) titanium, zirconium or hafnium compound, also containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation and a second component which is a compound having a bulky and labile anion which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, wherein each of the two cyclopentadienyl radicals is differently substituted by from 1 to 5 hydrocarbon substituents, none of which is attached to the metal, the total number of substituents being from 2 to 9.

Catalyst systems

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a reaction product of a chromium compound and a ligand having the structure according to Formula (II). In Formula (II), A and C may be independently chosen from phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen; B may be a linking group between A and C; and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be independently chosen from a (C 1 -C 50 ) hydrocarbyl or a (C 1 -C 50 ) heterohydrocarbyl. The catalyst system may include a co-catalyst including a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts; one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these; one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these; one or more polyether alcohols; or one or more non-polymeric ethers.

Catalyst system, olefin polymerization process, and polymer composition produced therefrom

Salts of lewis acid/acid adducts and catalyst activators therefrom

A compound useful as a cocatalyst or cocatalyst component, especially for use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A* +a ) b (Z*J* j ) −c d , wherein: A* is a proton or a cation of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites, said Z* being the conjugate base of an inorganic Bronsted acid or a carbonyl- or non-cyclic, imino-group containing organic Bronsted acid; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality; j is a number from 1 to 12; and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Catalyst system and process for olefin polymerization

The present application relates to a new catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising a new ionic activator having the formula: [R 1 R 2 R 3 AH] + [Y]", wherein [Y] - is a non- coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen or phosphorus, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbyl groups or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl groups and together form a first, 3- to 10-membered non- aromatic ring with A, wherein any number of adjacent ring members may optionally be members of at least one second, aromatic or aliphatic ring or aliphatic and/or aromatic ring system of two or more rings, wherein said at least one second ring or ring system is fused to said first ring, and wherein any atom of the first and/or at least one second ring or ring system is a carbon atom or a heteroatom and may be substituted independently by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 to C 10 alkyl, C 5 to C 15 aryl, C 6 to C 25 arylalkyl, and C 6 to C 25 alkylaryl, and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or C 1 to C 10 alkyl, or R 3 is a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group that connects to said first ring and/or to said at least one second ring or ring system. The present application also relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins, preferably propylene, using this and other catalyst systems, as well as to polymers made by said process.

Catalyst System, Process for Olefin Polymerization, and Polymer Compositions Produced Therefrom

Provided are catalyst systems, processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, polymers resulting therefrom, and articles prepared from such polymers. The processes comprise contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers, preferably propylene, with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator of the formula (1) or (2) as described herein. The polymer compositions described herein exhibit advantageously narrow composition distributions and high melting points in comparison to conventional polymers having the same comonomer content. The polymers described herein exhibit improved properties, e.g., pellet stability, impact properties, heat seal properties, and structural integrity in film and fabricated parts applications.

Process for olefin polymerization

The present application relates to processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, comprising contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator having the following formula (2):          [R n AH] + [Y] - ,     (2) wherein [Y] - is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen, phosphorus or oxygen, n is 3 if A is nitrogen or phosphorus, and n is 2 if A is oxygen, and the groups R are identical or different and are a C 1 to C 3 alkyl group, wherein at a given reaction temperature the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer formed increases or at least does not substantially decrease with increasing monomer conversion.

Catalyst system, process for olefin polymerization, and polymer compositions produced therefrom

Provided are catalyst systems, processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, polymers resulting therefrom, and articles prepared from such polymers. The processes comprise contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers, preferably propylene, with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator of the formula (1) or (2) as described herein. The polymer compositions described herein exhibit advantageously narrow composition distributions and high melting points in comparison to conventional polymers having the same comonomer content. The polymers described herein exhibit improved properties, e.g., pellet stability, impact properties, heat seal properties, and structural integrity in film and fabricated parts applications.

Catalyst system, process for olefin polymerization, and polymer compositions produced therefrom

Provided are catalyst systems, processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, polymers resulting therefrom, and articles prepared from such polymers. The processes comprise contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers, preferably propylene, with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator of the formula (1) or (2) as described herein. The polymer compositions described herein exhibit advantageously narrow composition distributions and high melting points in comparison to conventional polymers having the same comonomer content. The polymers described herein exhibit improved properties, e.g., pellet stability, impact properties, heat seal properties, and structural integrity in film and fabricated parts applications.

Low viscosity ionic liquids

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ionische Flüssigkeiten mit niedriger Viskosität und hoher elektrochemischer Stabilität, insbesondere zur Anwendung im Bereich der Elektrochemie und als Lösungsmittel zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen. The present invention relates to ionic liquids of low viscosity and high electrochemical stability, in particular for use in the field of electrochemistry and as a solvent for carrying out chemical reactions.

Catalyst for manufacture of esters

A catalyst suitable for use in an esterification reaction comprises the reaction product of a compound of titanium, zirconium or hafnium, a 2hydroxy carboxylic acid and a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide, optionally with an alcohol or water.

Regeneration of ionic liquid catalyst by hydrogenation using a supported catalyst

A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising the steps of contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component on a support in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the used catalyst is disclosed.

Regeneration of ionic liquid catalyst by hydrogenation using a metal or metal alloy catalyst

A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst which has, been deactivated comprising the steps of contacting the used chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a metal hydrogenation catalyst in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst is described. In one embodiment, hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent.

Regeneration of ionic liquid catalysts

A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst with an isoparaffin-containing stream and Broensted acid in a reaction zone under alkylation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst is disclosed. An embodiment of a process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising the steps of contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst with an isoparaffin-containing stream and Broensted acid in a reaction zone under alkylation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst; removing reaction product from the reaction zone; mixing the removed reaction product with a hydrocarbon solvent; allowing the mixture to separate into two phases; and recovering at least a portion of the heavier phase which contains a regenerated ionic liquid catalyst having greater activity than the used ionic liquid catalyst is also disclosed.

Regeneration of ionic catalyst by hydrogenation using a homogeneous catalyst

A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising the steps of contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst and hydrogen with a homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in a reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the used catalyst is disclosed.

Salt of lewis acid/acid adducts and catalyst activators therefrom

A compound useful as a cocatalyst component, especially fur use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A*+a)b(Z*J*j)-cd,wherein: A* is a proton or a cation of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further two or more Lewis base sites, said Z* being the conjugate base of an inorganic Bronsted acid or a carbonyl- or non-cyclic, imino-group containing organic Bronsted acid; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality; J is a number from 1 to 12; and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a x b is equal to c x d.

Catalyst system and process for olefin polymerization

The present application relates to a new catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising a new ionic activator having the formula: [R 1 R 2 R 3 AH] + [Y] − , wherein [Y] − is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen or phosphorus, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbyl groups or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl groups and together form a first, 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring with A, wherein any number of adjacent ring members may optionally be members of at least one second, aromatic or aliphatic ring or aliphatic and/or aromatic ring system of two or more rings, wherein said at least one second ring or ring system is fused to said first ring, and wherein any atom of the first and/or at least one second ring or ring system is a carbon atom or a heteroatom and may be substituted independently by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 to C 10 alkyl, C 5 to C 15 aryl, C 6 to C 25 arylalkyl, and C 6 to C 25 alkylaryl, and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or C 1 to C 10 alkyl, or R 3 is a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group that connects to said first ring and/or to said at least one second ring or ring system. The present application also relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins, preferably propylene, using this and other catalyst systems, as well as to polymers made by said process.

Catalyst system and process for olefin polymerization

The present application relates to a new catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising a new ionic activator having the formula: [R 1 R 2 R 3 AH] + [Y] − , wherein [Y] − is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen or phosphorus, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbyl groups or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl groups and together form a first, 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring with A, wherein any number of adjacent ring members may optionally be members of at least one second, aromatic or aliphatic ring or aliphatic and/or aromatic ring system of two or more rings, wherein said at least one second ring or ring system is fused to said first ring, and wherein any atom of the first and/or at least one second ring or ring system is a carbon atom or a heteroatom and may be substituted independently by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 to C 10 alkyl, C 5 to C 15 aryl, C 6 to C 25 arylalkyl, and C 6 to C 25 alkylaryl, and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or C 1 to C 10 alkyl, or R 3 is a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group that connects to said first ring and/or to said at least one second ring or ring system. The present application also relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins, preferably propylene, using this and other catalyst systems, as well as to polymers made by said process.

Process for the preparation of a solid metallocene catalyst system and its use in polymerisation of olefins

Process for the preparation of a solid olefin polymerisation catalyst system, comprising an organometallic compound of a transition metal of Group 3 to 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC 2007) in the form of solid particles comprising the steps of I) generating an emulsion by dispersing a liquid clathrate in a solvent (S) wherein (i) the solvent (S) constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion and comprises a nonreactive fluorinated synthetic oil having a viscosity at 20°C according to ASTM D445of at least 10 cSt up to 2000 cSt (ii) the liquid clathrate constitutes in form of droplets the dispersed phase of the emulsion, II) solidifying said dispersed phase to convert said droplets to solid particles and III) optionally recovering said particles to obtain said catalyst system, wherein the liquid clathrate comprises (a) a lattice being the reaction product of a1) a transition metal compound of formula (I) L m R n TX q wherein "T" is a transition metal of anyone of the groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table (IUPAC2007), preferably a transition metal of anyone of the groups 4 to 6 of the periodic table (IUPAC2007), more preferably titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), i.e. zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), each "X" is independently a monovalent s-ligand, each "L" is independently an organic ligand which coordinates to the transition metal (T), "R" is a bridging group linking said organic ligands (L), "m" is 2 or 3, preferably 2, "n" is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 1, "q" is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2, m+q is equal to the valency of the transition metal (T), a2) a cocatalyst comprising aluminoxane a3) a compound being effective to form the lattice with the transition metal compound and/or the aluminoxaneand b) a hydrocarbon solvent (HS).

Preparation of a solid catalyst system

Process for the preparation of a solid catalyst system comprising the steps of generating an emulsion by dispersing a liquid clathrate in a solution wherein (i) the solution constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion and (ii) the liquid clathrate constitutes in form of droplets the dispersed phase of the emulsion, solidifying said dispersed phase to convert said droplets to solid particles and optionally recovering said particles to obtain said catalyst system, wherein the liquid clathrate comprises a lattice being the reaction product of aluminoxane, an organometallic compound of a transition metal of Group 3 to 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC 2007) or of an actinide or lanthanide, and a further compound being effective to form with the aluminoxane and the organometallic compound the lattice, and a guest being an hydrocarbon compound, and the solution comprises a silicon fluid and a hydrocarbon solvent.

Process for the preparation of a solid metallocene catalyst system and its use in polymerisation of olefins

Process for the preparation of a solid olefin polymerisation catalyst system, comprising an organometallic compound of a transition metal of Group 3 to 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC 2007) in the form of solid particles comprising the steps of I) generating an emulsion by dispersing a liquid clathrate in a solvent (S) wherein (i) the solvent (S) constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion and comprises a nonreactive fluorinated synthetic oil having a viscosity at 20°C according to ASTM D445of at least 10 cSt up to 2000 cSt (ii) the liquid clathrate constitutes in form of droplets the dispersed phase of the emulsion, II) solidifying said dispersed phase to convert said droplets to solid particles and III) optionally recovering said particles to obtain said catalyst system, wherein the liquid clathrate comprises (a) a lattice being the reaction product of a1) a transition metal compound of formula (I)          L m R n TX q      (I) wherein "T" is a transition metal of anyone of the groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table (IUPAC 2007), preferably a transition metal of anyone of the groups 4 to 6 of the periodic table (IUPAC 2007), more preferably titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), i.e. zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), each "X" is independently a monovalent σ-ligand, each "L" is independently an organic ligand which coordinates to the transition metal (T), "R" is a bridging group linking said organic ligands (L), "m" is 2 or 3, preferably 2, "n" is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 1, "q" is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2, m+q is equal to the valency of the transition metal (T), a2) a cocatalyst comprising aluminoxane a 3 ) a compound being effective to form the lattice with the transition metal compound and/or the aluminoxane and (b) a hydrocarbon solvent (HS).

Preparation of a solid catalyst system

Process for the preparation of a solid catalyst system comprising the steps of • generating an emulsion by dispersing a liquid clathrate in a solution wherein (i) the solution constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion and (ii) the liquid clathrate constitutes in form of droplets the dispersed phase of the emulsion, • solidifying said dispersed phase to convert said droplets to solid particles and • optionally recovering said particles to obtain said catalyst system, wherein • the liquid clathrate comprises a lattice being the reaction product of aluminoxane, an organometallic compound of a transition metal of Group 3 to 10 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC 2007) or of an actinide or lanthanide, and a further compound being effective to form with the aluminoxane and the organometallic compound the lattice, and a guest being an hydrocarbon compound, and • the solution comprises a silicon fluid and a hydrocarbon solvent.

Preparation of a solid catalyst system

Liquid clathrate (LC) comprising (a) a lattice (L) being the reaction product of (i) aluminoxane (A), (ii) an organometallic compound (C) of a transition metal (M) is a compound of formula (II)          (Cp) 2 RMX 2      (II) wherein "M" is zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf) each "X" is independently a σ-ligand, each "Cp" is independently an indenyl ligand which coordinates to the transition metal (M), said indenyl ligand is substituted at least at the five membered ring and at the six membered ring of the indenyl ligand, "R" is a bridging group linking said organic ligands (L), (iii) an organo-silicon compound (OS) being effective to form the lattice (L) with the aluminoxane (A) and the organometallic compound (C), and (b) a guest (G) being an hydrocarbon compound (HC).

Salts of lewis acid/acid adducts and catalyst activators therefrom

A compound useful as a cocatalyst or cocatalyst component, especially for use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A*hu +a) b (Z*J* j ) −c d , wherein: A* is a proton or a cation of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites, said Z* being the conjugate base of an inorganic Bronsted acid or a carbonyl- or non-cyclic, imino-group containing organic Bronsted acid; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality; j is a number from 1 to 12; and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Catalyst System and Process for Olefin Polymerization

The present application relates to a new catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising a new ionic activator having the formula: [R 1 R 2 R 3 AH] + [Y] − , wherein [Y] − is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen or phosphorus, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbyl groups or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl groups and together form a first, 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring with A, wherein any number of adjacent ring members may optionally be members of at least one second, aromatic or aliphatic ring or aliphatic and/or aromatic ring system of two or more rings, wherein said at least one second ring or ring system is fused to said first ring, and wherein any atom of the first and/or at least one second ring or ring system is a carbon atom or a heteroatom and may be substituted independently by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 to C 10 alkyl, C 5 to C 15 aryl, C 6 to C 25 arylalkyl, and C 6 to C 25 alkylaryl, and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or C 1 to C 10 alkyl, or R 3 is a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group that connects to said first ring and/or to said at least one second ring or ring system. The present application also relates to a process for the polymerization of olefins, preferably propylene, using this and other catalyst systems, as well as to polymers made by said process.

Salts of lewis acid/acid adducts and catalyst activators therefrom

A compound useful as a cocatalyst or cocatalyst component, especially for use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A* +a ) b (Z*J* j ) −c d , wherein: A* is a proton or a cation of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites, said Z* being the conjugate base of an inorganic Bronsted acid or a carbonyl- or non-cyclic, imino-group containing organic Bronsted acid; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality; j is a number from 1 to 12; and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Salts of lewis acid/acid adducts and catalyst activators therefrom

A compound useful as a cocatalyst or cocatalyst component, especially for use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A* +a ) b (Z*J* j ) −c d , wherein: A* is a proton or a cation of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites, said Z* being the conjugate base of an inorganic Bronsted acid or a carbonyl- or non-cyclic, imino-group containing organic Bronsted acid; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80 atoms, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality; j is a number from 1 to 12; and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Polymeric supported catalysts

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising a substituted, bridged indenyl metallocene supported on a polymeric support wherein the metallocene is activated for polymerization by an ionizing reaction and stabilized in cationic form with a noncoordinating anion. Propylene polymers produced by these supported catalyst systems have melting points and polymer microstructures similar to propylene polymers produced using analogous unsupported catalyst systems.

Chemically-modified supports and supported catalyst systems prepared therefrom

The present invention provides a chemically-modified support comprising an inorganic oxide containing optionally functionalized hydroxyl groups, having chemically linked thereto the cation of a cation/anion pair. The present invention further provides a supported catalyst system comprising the chemically-modified support as described above, and a transition metal compound of Groups 3-10 (preferably a Group 4 metal compound) containing at least one π-bonded anionic ligand group, said transition metal compound being capable of reacting with the chemically-modified support through the cation of the cation/anion pair to thereby render the transition metal compound catalytically active. The present invention further provides a process for preparing the chemically-modified support of the invention. The present invention further provides an addition polymerization process comprising contacting one or more addition polymerizable monomers with the supported catalyst system of the invention under addition polymerization conditions.

Chemically-modified supports and supported catalyst systems prepared therefrom

The present invention provides a chemically-modified support comprising an inorganic oxide containing optionally functionalized hydroxyl groups, having chemically linked thereto the cation of a cation/anion pair. The present invention further provides a supported catalyst system comprising the chemically-modified support as described above, and a transition metal compound of Groups 3-10 (preferably a Group 4 metal compound) containing at least one π-bonded anionic ligand group, said transition metal compound being capable of reacting with the chemically-modified support through the cation of the cation/anion pair to thereby render the transition metal compound catalytically active. The present invention further provides a process for preparing the chemically-modified support of the invention. The present invention further provides an addition polymerization process comprising contacting one or more addition polymerizable monomers with the supported catalyst system of the invention under addition polymerization conditions.

Catalyst composition for alkene oligomerisation and co-oligomerisation

A B S T R A C T CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR ALKELENE OLIGOMERISATION AND CO-OLIGOMERISATION A catalyst composition comprising a first component which is a substituted-bis(cyclopentadienyl) titanium, zirconium or hafnium compound, also containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation and a second component which is a compound having a bulky and labile anion which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, wherein each of the two cyclopentadienyl radicals is differently substituted by from 1 to 5 hydrocarbon substituents, none of which is attached to the metal, the total number of substituents being from 2 to 9.

Method for preparation of a catalyst solution for selective 1-hexene production

A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for use in preparing a linear alpha olefin includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution by mixing a chromium source and a ligand in a first solvent, wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is stored in a first vessel; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution by mixing an organoaluminum compound and a modifier in a second solvent, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel; and simultaneously feeding the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution directly into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel includes a third solvent.

DRUG, DRUG MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND WATER PURIFICATION METHOD

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid drug that is very convenient to transport and store. In order to achieve the object, a drug according to the present invention is a solid drug that includes a radical generating catalyst and a radical generation source. 1. A drug in a solid form comprising:a radical generating catalyst; anda radical generation source.2. The drug according to claim 1 ,wherein the radical generating catalyst includes an ammonium salt.6. The drug according to claim 2 ,wherein the ammonium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, methylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dequalinium chloride, edrophonium, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, oxitropium, carbachol, glycopyrronium, safranine, sinapine, tetraethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, suxamethonium, sphingomyelin, ganglioside GM1, denatonium, trigonelline, neostigmine, paraquat, pyridostigmine, phellodendrine, pralidoxime methyl iodide, betaine, betanin, bethanechol, betalain, lecithin, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and cholines.7. The drug according to claim 4 ,wherein the ammonium salt represented by Chemical Formula (XII) is benzethonium chloride.12. The drug according to claim 2 ,{'sub': '4', 'sup': '+', 'wherein the ammonium salt is a NHsalt.'}13. The drug according to claim 12 ,{'sub': '4', 'wherein the ammonium salt is NHCl.'}14. The drug according to claim 2 ,wherein the ammonium salt is a hexafluorophosphate salt of the ammonium.15. The drug according to claim 1 ,wherein the radical generating catalyst includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a phospholipid, and salts thereof.16. The drug according to claim 15 ,wherein ...

Process for olefin polymerization

The present application relates to processes for polymerizing one or more olefins, comprising contacting under polymerization conditions one or more olefin monomers with a catalyst system comprising a transition metal compound and an activator having the following formula (2):          [R n AH] + [Y] - ,     (2) wherein [Y] - is a non-coordinating anion (NCA), A is nitrogen, phosphorus or oxygen, n is 3 if A is nitrogen or phosphorus, and n is 2 if A is oxygen, and the groups R are identical or different and are a C 1 to C 3 alkyl group, wherein at a given reaction temperature the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer formed increases or at least does not substantially decrease with increasing monomer conversion.