СПОСОБ ДЕПАРАФИНИЗАЦИИ И ДЕАРОМАТИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА В СУСПЕНЗИОННОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

Изобретение относится к способу получения углеводородной текучей среды и включает стадию каталитического гидрирования углеводородной фракции при совместном присутствии катализатора деароматизации и катализатора депарафинизации в едином суспензионном реакторе. Количество катализатора деароматизации составляет от 0,1 до 6 мас.% по отношению к массе углеводородной фракции, и количество катализатора депарафинизации составляет от 0,1 до 6 мас.% по отношению к массе углеводородной фракции, где углеводородная фракция имеет содержание серы ниже 15 ч./млн, где температура реакции находится в диапазоне от 180 до 325°C. Технический результат - улучшенные свойства низкотемпературной текучести и низкое содержание ароматических соединений, требует меньших расходов, в частности имеет повышенную степень превращения. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл., 1 ил., 2 пр.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗА СО ВСТАВКОЙ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МАССОГО ПОТОКА

Изобретение относится к введению и/или удалению газа из смеси твердая фракция/газ. Описано устройство, содержащее защитную конструкцию, размещенный в ней обратный конус и размещенный под обратным конусом элемент, имеющий размеры, обусловливающие продольное прохождение твердой фазы между элементом и защитной конструкцией с приблизительно постоянным профилем скорости в сечении. Элемент включает выступающую наружу от него юбку и трубопровод для передачи газа к находящейся ниже юбки области или от нее и/или выступающую вовнутрь от него юбку и трубопровод для передачи газа к находящейся над этой юбкой области или от нее. Описан также способ очистки газа из смеси твердая фаза/газ. Технический результат - получение постоянной в сечении скорости потока полимера через очистной резервуар для достижения одинакового времени нахождения в нем полимера и более равномерного распределения очистного газа в полимере. 2 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ МОДИФИКАЦИИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА И СПОСОБ

Изобретение относится к устройствам и к их использованию. Описан способ модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита в устройстве для модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, включающий введение катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, на основе молекулярного сита HZSM-5 и HZSM-11 и модификатора в модифицирующий блок, соответственно, через питающий блок, причем катализатор модифицируют посредством модификатора в модифицирующем блоке и затем выпускают в охлаждающий блок для охлаждения до температуры, составляющей менее чем 50°C, и затем охлаждаемый модифицированный катализатор перемещают в любое устройство для хранения, причем модификацию осуществляют в атмосфере инертного газа при температуре в диапазоне от 150 до 600°C в течение времени модификации в диапазоне от 0 до 10 ч; модификатор представляет собой по меньшей мере один модификатор, выбранный из фосфорного реагента, силилирующего реагента и толуола. Технический результат - возможность применения способа модификации ...

ПАРАМЕТРЫ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ТРУБЫ С ЗАСЛОНКАМИ В РАДИАЛЬНОМ ПРОТОЧНОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

... 1. Устройство для поддерживания гранулированной твердой фазы в системе с перекрестным потоком, включающее в себя:входную перегородку, имеющую отверстия, каждое из которых имеет нижний и верхний края;выходную перегородку, имеющую отверстия, каждое из которых имеет нижний и верхний край, и при этом входная перегородка и выходная перегородка расположены на расстоянии одна от другой, определяющем границы объема удерживания частиц для удерживаемой гранулированной твердой фазы; и,по меньшей мере, одну входную заслонку, причем каждая заслонка имеет верхний край и нижний край и верхний край заслонки прикреплен к входной перегородке выше входного отверстия и выступает в пространство объема удерживания частиц под углом θ от 13 до 20°, а нижний край заслонки простирается, по меньшей мере, до нижнего края входной отверстия.2. Устройство по п.1, в котором нижний край заслонки простирается, по меньшей мере, ниже нижнего края отверстия на расстояние d, определяемое формулойd=L∙sin(θ)∙tan(φ),где L - длина ...

МНОГОТРУБНЫЙ РАДИАЛЬНЫЙ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР

ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАРБОНАТА МЕТАЛЛА В ХЛОРИД МЕТАЛЛА

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МНОГОФАЗНОЙ СМЕСИ В КАМЕРЕ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННУЮ СРЕДУ

СПОСОБ ДЕПАРАФИНИЗАЦИИ И ДЕАРОМАТИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА В СУСПЕНЗИОННОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

Verfahren zur Herstellung oxidativ vernetzter Polyarylensulfide

Toroidal bed reactor

Apparatus for processing a particulate material comprising: a chamber 1; means for introducing particulate material into the chamber; and a plurality of fluid inlets for introducing a flow of fluid into the chamber 9, wherein the plurality of inlets are arranged such that the fluid can be introduced at a greater rate at a first radial distance from the centre of the chamber and at a second radial distance from the centre of the chamber, the second radial distance being greater than the first radial distance. Also disclosed is a method of processing a particulate material comprising; introducing the particulate material into a chamber provided with a plurality of fluid inlets; introducing a flow of fluid through each inlet to establish a fluid flow following a substantially helical path thereby entraining the particulate material; and removing processed particulate material from the chamber, wherein the introduction of fluid into the chamber comprises introducing fluid at a greater rate ...

ANSTRÖMBODEN FÜR WANDERBETTREAKTOREN

ADSORBENT FOR THE CHROMATOGRAPHY, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME AND YOUR USE AS A FIXED PHASE MATRIX IN A FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR

GROUND FOR MOVING BED REACTORS.

FLOWING AGAINST GROUND FOR MOVING BED REACTORS.

Enhanced catalyst mixing in slurry bubble columns

A continuous reaction device for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

Abstract The present invention pertains to the technical field of energy resource chemical industry, and in particular relates to a continuous reaction device and process for synthesizing 5 polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The continuous reaction device comprises multiple slurry bed stirred tank reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform separation of the reaction mixture from the 0 catalyst. Each of the tank reactors is provided with an axial-flow stirring paddle having 2-6 blades per layer, to ensure sufficient mixing of the reactants with the catalyst. By using a distributed control pattern of reaction temperature and feedstock supplying to enhance the process and to optimize the operation, the reaction device of the present invention ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MIXING LIQUID FEED STOCKS AND PARTICULATE SOLIDS PARTICULARLY IN CATALYTIC CRACKING

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INJECTING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FEED AND STEAM INTO A CATALYTIC CRACKING ZONE

A process and an apparatus for atomizing a liquid hydrocarbon feed and injecting it into a reaction zone, such as a riser conversion zone or a dense fluid bed reactor of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, is disclosed. The hydrocarbon feed passes through a central passage with steam flowing concurrently in a surrounding aligned passage. By providing a flow restriction means in each hydrocarbon passage and each steam passage, substantially equal quantities of hydrocarbon and steam can be supplied to each of a plurality of hydrocarbon-steam nozzles so as to provide a uniform dispersion of small droplets of hydrocarbons.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING OIL FEEDS

Novel riser reactor design with associated multiple feed inlet means for contacting regenerated catalyst particles with low quality naphtha, C5 minus wet gas product of hydrocarbon conversion and a residual oil feed comprising components boiling above about 1025.degree.F and comprising metal contaminants. Low quality naphtha from thermal cracking is charged either separately or in admixture with C5 and lower boiling wet gas product of hydrocarbon conversion to the bottom portion of the riser conversion zone for contact with freshly regenerated zeolite cracking catalyst. The vaporous material thus charged conveys the regenerated catalyst at an acceptable velocity to an expanded section of the riser wherein residual oil is charged by a plurality of nozzle means penetrating the wall of the riser in the transition section to the expander user section. A suspension of hydrocarbon vapors and catalyst particles is then passed through the riser discharge for a desired contact time before separation ...

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

A method of autothermal oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) utilizes introducing a methane-containing feedstock and an oxygen-gas-containing feedstock into a reactor (10) as a flowing mixture (18) with a space time of 500 ms or less. The reactor (10) contains a catalyst bed (20) of an OCM catalyst that contacts the flowing mixture and wherein the catalyst bed (20) has a heat Peclet number (Peh) of from 5 or less, a mass Peclet number (Pem) of from 5 or more, and a transverse Peclet number (P) of from 1 or less while contacting the flowing mixture. The methane and oxygen of the feedstocks are allowed to react within the reactor (10) to form methane oxidative coupling reaction products. A reactor (10) for carrying out the OCM reaction is also disclosed.

PROCESS FOR PROVIDING A HOMOGENOUS SLURRY CONTAINING PARTICLES

The present invention is concerned with a process for providing a homogeneous particle-containing slurry comprising the steps of: (a) providing a vessel comprising at least one impeller rotating around a vertical axis of the vessel, wherein a rotational speed n1 of the at least one impeller is higher than nmin according to equation (1), the vessel further comprising an inlet and an outlet; (b) introducing a particle-containing slurry into the vessel or introducing components forming the particle-containing slurry into the vessel; (c) rotating the at least one impeller at least around the vertical axis for homogenizing and/or maintaining a homogeneous particle distribution within the slurry; (d) withdrawing the homogeneous particle-containing slurry via the outlet; (e) reducing the rotational speed n1 of the at least one impeller to a reduced rotational speed nred, whereas nred is lower than n1 and higher or equal than nmin according to equation (1): ...

CARBON NANO-FIBRE PRODUCTION

This invention provides a reactor (1) for carbon nano- fibre production c omprising a generally horizontal elongate cylindrical reaction vessel (902) arranged to rotate about its cylindrical axis and containing in use a partic ulate catalyst-containing reaction bed (72), said reaction vessel having a g as inlet port (1001) and a gas outlet port (1002) positioned such that one o f said inlet and outlet ports is in said bed and the other is outside said b ed.

SCREENLESS INTERNALS FOR RADIAL FLOW REACTORS

An apparatus for contacting a bed of particulate material with a cross flowing fluid, which maintains the bed of particulate material within a retention volume. The apparatus includes partitions (10, 100) for retaining particles, with apertures (20, 120) disposed within the partitions (10, 100). The apertures (20, 120) are covered by louvers (30, 130) that extend above the edges (110) of the apertures (20, 120) to prevent solid particles from spilling through inlet apertures (20).

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A HYDROCARBON OIL

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A HYDROCARBON OIL Process for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil wherein a gas/hydrocarbon oil mixture is introduced into the reactor by means of at least one device which comprises at least one supply means of which the wall comprises openings, the hydrocarbon oil is introduced into the supply means and mixed with an at least partly surrounding gas which enters under pressure the supply means through the openings in the wall thereof.

COATED SINGLE PARTICLES AND THEIR USE IN FLUID BED CHROMATOGRAPHY

A fluidized bed chromatographic process for purification and binding of molecules in a liquid by binding the molecules to an active substance covalently bound to chromatographic adsorbent particles in which process a fluidized bed of the adsorbent particles is formed and the liquid is passed through the fluidized bed, the improvement wherein the chromatographic adsorbent particles comprise a porous composite material having pores allowing access to the interior of the composite material by the molecules, and the porous composite material of each absorbent particle consists of a single density controlling particle which is either (a) a hollow low density particle which is impermeable to the liquid and has a density providing floatation of the adsorbent particle in the liquid or, (b) a high density particle having a density providing sedimentation of the adsorbent particle in the liquid, a matrix formed by consolidating at least one conglomerating agent selected from the group consisting ...

METHODS AND CATALYSTS FOR CONVERSION OF ALKANES IN ALKENES

METHOD OF OBTAINING THE STABLE DURING THE STORAGE EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF IVY, A ALSO OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD EXTRACT

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СТАБИЛЬНОГО ПРИ ХРАНЕНИИ ЭКСТРАКТА ИЗ ЛИСТЬЕВ ПЛЮЩА, А ТАКЖЕ ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ЭТИМ СПОСОБОМ ЭКСТРАКТ

В изобретении описан способ получения стабильного при хранении, содержащего по меньшей мере гедеракозид С и α-гедерин экстракта из листьев плюща с применением экстрагента. Для этого сначала измельчают некоторое количество листьев плюща, затем измельченные листья плюща обрабатывают горячим водяным паром, после чего добавляют экстрагент и экстрагируют. Полученный таким путем экстракт можно при необходимости подвергать сушке.

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PREPARING CERAMIC POWDERS

Screenless internals for radial flow reactors

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CRAQUAGE CATALYTIQUE D'HYDROCARBURES EN LIT FLUIDISE ET LEURS APPLICATIONS

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PROCEDE DE CRAQUAGE CATALYTIQUE D'HYDROCARBURES EN LIT FLUIDISE DANS LEQUEL LES GRAINS DE CATALYSEURS SONT INJECTES EN PHASE FLUIDISEE DILUEE DANS UNE ZONE REACTIONNELLE DE FORME ALLONGEE. SELON L'INVENTION, LA CHARGE A CRAQUER EST INJECTEE A L'ETAT DE FINES GOUTTELETTES, POSSEDANT UN DIAMETRE INFERIEUR A 200 MICRONS, A CONTRE-COURANT DU SENS D'ECOULEMENT DE LA PHASE FLUIDISEE DILUEE DES GRAINS DE CATALYSEUR.

MULTISTAGE PROCESS AND CATALYTIC ENGINE HAVE LOW THICKNESS WITH INTERNAL ECHANGEURTHERMIQUE, AND ITS USE

REACTOR WITH CONTINUOUS CATALYST REGENERATION CENTRAL GAS MIXING BOX

Synthesis gas mfg appts - with reduced soot formation in combustion chamber.

REACTOR WITH CONTINUOUS CATALYST REGENERATION GAS DISTRIBUTION PLATE IN THE OXYCHLORINATION ZONE

Le réacteur 1 permettant la régénération en continu du catalyseur, est composé d'une enceinte 2 comportant une zone d'oxychloration superposée à une zone de calcination munie d'un conduit d'introduction de gaz de calcination 76. Une zone de mélange 74 est disposée entre la zone d'oxychloration 72 et la zone de calcination 75. La zone de mélange 74 est recouverte par un plateau 80 traversé par une pluralité de tubes 81 permettant le passage du catalyseur de la zone d'oxychloration 72 dans la zone de calcination 75. Les tubes 81 s'étendent verticalement au moins sur la hauteur H de la zone de mélange 74. Un ou plusieurs conduits 73 d'injection de gaz d'oxychloration débouche dans la zone de mélange. Le plateau 80 comporte une pluralité d'orifices pour distribuer de manière homogène le gaz de la zone de mélange 74 dans la zone d'oxychloration 72.

TUBE TO PROJECT GASES

MULTIPLE BURN ZONES WITH INDEPENDENT CIRCULATION LOOPS

REACTOR HAVING A PLURALITY OF FIXED BED OR MOBILE BED ZONES WITH INTEGRATED HEAT EXCHANGER

PURPOSE: A reactor and a process for chemical conversion of hydrocarbons that uses the reactor are provided to resolve problems related to use of strong exothermic or endothermic reactions, particularly oligomerization reactions, and a compact reactor having a large capacity such that a large amount of catalyst is present in the reactor and a large inner volume such that a heat exchanger is integrated into the reactor is provided. CONSTITUTION: As a reactor which is extended along a substantially vertical axis, comprises a shell and plural vertical multistage catalytic reaction zones in the shell, and is structured suitably for the axial circulation of a series of reaction fluids in each of the zones, the reactor comprises a means(100) for introducing the reaction fluids and a means(101) for discharging the reaction fluids, a means(102) for supplying new or regenerated catalyst into the head of the reactor, and a means(105) for discharging spent catalyst from a lower portion of the reactor ...

método para produzir alcenos, catalisador de óxido de metal encapsulado, e, processo para converter alcanos em álcoois

DEVICE FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN FLUID AND SOLID

VORTEX REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING IT

A vortex reactor is provided. The vortex reactor includes a reaction chamber formed by a frustum-shaped portion, the narrower part of which is downwardly oriented. Proximate to the narrower part of the frustum-shaped portion, the vortex reactor includes apparatus for creating an axial gas flow and apparatus for creating a circumferential gas flow. The vortex reactor also includes a particulate solid inlet for feeding particulate solids to the reaction chamber. The vortex reactor may optionally include apparatus for generating plasma in the reaction chamber by providing a gliding arc electrical discharge in the reaction chamber. Also provided is a method of processing particulate solids using the vortex reactor of the invention. A reverse vortex plasma reactor (TSAPG) is also provided.

Fuel reformer device

The present invention is directed to a fuel reformer device that produces a hydrogen rich gas from a hydrocarbon and steam. The steam reforming reaction that produces the hydrogen rich gas from the hydrocarbon and steam is endothermic. A known technique supplies heat required for the steam reforming reaction by an exothermic oxidation reaction proceeding in parallel with the steam reforming reaction. This known technique may, however, cause an excessive temperature rise in an area of the vigorous oxidation reaction in the fuel reformer device. A reformer unit 34 including a Cu-Zn catalyst receives a supply of a crude fuel gas containing the air flown through a second fuel supply conduit 64 . The crude fuel gas is subjected to the steam reforming reaction and the oxidation reaction proceeding inside the reformer unit 34 . A resulting hydrogen rich gaseous fuel is discharged to a third fuel supply conduit 65 . The reformer unit 34 includes an upper stream reaction unit 80 and a lower stream ...

COLLECTOR PIPE FOR A RADIAL-BED REACTOR

This invention relates to a collector pipe ( 8 ) that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and able to retain particles having a dimension that is greater than a minimum dimension, in which the cross-section of said pipe is a convex polygon having at least three sides.

Device for efficient mixing of laminar, low-velocity fluids

A gas delivery system and method for delivering reactants such as a first gas through a first conduit and a second gas through at least one second conduit, for example, through a plurality of second conduits. The plurality of second conduits may each have a length, wherein at least a portion of the length is entirely disposed within the first conduit. In an implementation, the first conduit may deliver carbon monoxide and the one or more second conduits may deliver carbon monoxide doped with a catalyst such as iron pentacarbonyl. The first and second gases may be introduced into a reaction vessel such as a reactor chamber and used to form carbon nanotubes.

Method of and apparatus for minimizing deposition of carbonaceous material

Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels

A system for converting carbonaceous fuels is provided. The system includes a gaseous fuel conversion reactor, a solid fuel conversion reactor, and a fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor disposed between the gaseous fuel conversion reactor and the solid fuel conversion reactor. The fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor devolatilizes a solid fuel using heat to produce an off-gas and a devolatilized solid fuel. The gaseous fuel conversion reactor converts the off-gas from the fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor to a product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water. The solid fuel conversion reactor receives a mixture of oxygen carrier solids and devolatilized solid fuel from the pretreatment reactor discharge and reduces the devolatilized solid fuel with the oxygen carrier solids to convert the devolatilized solid fuel to an intermediate gas.

Zeolite production method

Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≤SiO2/Al2O3≤2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.

Multi-zone fixed-bed or moving-bed reactor with an integrated heat exchanger

An axial flow staged zone oligomerization reaction process includes the steps of passing a hydrocarbon feedstock into the lower portion of the axial flow staged zone reactor which includes axial circulation of the hydrocarbon reaction fluid serially in each of the reaction zones, passing catalyst through a constriction zone located between successive upper and lower catalytic reaction zones which includes heat exchanging of the fluids being the constriction zone within the reactor and further includes withdrawing the oligomerized product from the top of the reactor.

REACTOR SYSTEM WITH UNEQUAL REACTOR ASSEMBLY OPERATING PRESSURES

A reactor system comprising a first reactor assembly, a first pressure transition assembly, a second reactor assembly and a second pressure transition assembly. 1. A reactor system , comprising:{'b': 1', '1', '1', '1', '1, 'a first reactor assembly, which comprises one or more first reactor assembly reactors, each configured to operate at a pressure P, wherein the first reactor assembly is configured to receive first solid particles at the pressure P, convert the first solid particles at the pressure P to second solid particles at the pressure P, and discharge the second solid particles at the pressure P;'}{'b': 1', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'a first pressure transition assembly in fluid communication with the first reactor assembly and a second reactor assembly, wherein the first pressure transition assembly is configured to receive the second solid particles at the pressure P, transition the pressure surrounding the second solid particles from the pressure P to a pressure P that is different from the pressure P, and discharge the second solid particles at the pressure P;'}{'b': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'the second reactor assembly, which comprises one or more second reactor assembly reactors, each configured to operate at the pressure P, wherein the second reactor assembly is configured to receive the second solid particles at the pressure P, convert the second solid particles at the pressure P to third solid particles at the pressure P, and discharge the third solid particles at the pressure P;'}{'b': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'a second pressure transition assembly in fluid communication with the second reactor assembly and the first reactor assembly, the second pressure transition assembly configured to receive third solid particles at the pressure P, transition the pressure surrounding the third solid particles from the pressure P to a pressure P that is different from the pressure P, and discharge the third solid particles at the pressure P from the second pressure ...

Mixing device

Device for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components used in food industry comprises horizontal hollow cylindrical body with inner chamber containing rotating shaft having radially aligned blades driven by shaft The device for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components comprises a horizontal hollow cylindrical body (10) having an inner chamber containing a rotating shaft (15) provided with radially aligned blades (20) driven by the shaft. A feed opening (30) is arranged at one end of the mixing device and an outlet (40) is arranged at the other end. An Independent claim is also included for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components using the above device.

УСТРОЙСТВО, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЕ БОКОВЫЕ ИНЖЕКТОРЫ ЖИДКОСТИ ДЛЯ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОГО ОСАДКА В ОБОРУДОВАНИИ С КОНИЧЕСКИМ ДНОМ

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗА СО ВСТАВКОЙ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МАССОВОГО ПОТОКА

... 1. Устройство, содержащее:сосуд;обратный конус, размещенный в сосуде; иэлемент, размещенный под обратным конусом и имеющий размеры, обусловливающие продольное прохождение твердой фазы между этим элементом и сосудом с приблизительно постоянным профилем скорости в сечении,причем указанный элемент включает выступающую наружу от него юбку и трубопровод для передачи газа к находящейся ниже юбки области или от нее, и(или) выступающую вовнутрь от него юбку и трубопровод для передачи газа к находящейся над этой юбкой области или от нее.2. Устройство по п.1, в котором сосуд имеет центральную часть, находящуюся между противолежащими верхним и нижним концами сосуда и имеющую в продольном направлении приблизительно постоянный внутренний диаметр, причем упомянутый элемент размещен в сосуде в направлении нижнего конца сосуда, а наружный диаметр элемента составляет приблизительно от 50% до 95% от внутреннего диаметра близлежащей к элементу части сосуда.3. Устройство по п.1, содержащее трубопровод для ...

ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕПОДОБНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ И ИСПАРИТЕЛЬНАЯ КОЛОННА

... 1. Гидротермический способ получения углеподобного материала из биомассы, в котором реакционную смесь, содержащую биомассу, нагревают путем приведения в контакт с паром, причем пар движется в противотоке по отношению к реакционной смеси, с образованием реакционной смеси, содержащей активированную биомассу, с последующим осуществлением полимеризации активированной биомассы с образованием реакционной смеси, содержащей углеподобный материал.2. Способ по п.1, проводимый в расположенной вертикально испарительной колонне (100).3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что реакционная смесь поступает в верхнюю часть колонны и движется вниз по колонне, при этом находясь в контакте с паром, движущимся вверх по колонне.4. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что полимеризация активированной биомассы с образованием углеподобного материала происходит в затопленной части колонны, причем указанная часть предпочтительно снабжена перемешивающими устройствами.5. Способ по любому из пп.1-4, отличающийся тем, что полимеризацию ...

APPARATUR ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON PARTIKELFÖRMIGEM GUT

Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von Flüssig-Reaktionen mit feinkörnigen Feststoffkatalysatoren und Verfahren für dessen Anwendung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zur Durchführung von katalysierten Flüssig-Reaktionen, bei denen der Katalysator fein verteilt im Reaktionsraum vorliegt. Erfindungsgemäß weist der Reaktor zumindest einen Zulauf und einen Ablauf auf, wobei über einen Zulauf alle Edukte zugeführt werden und über einen Ablauf alle Produkte abgeführt werden und Zulauf und Ablauf mit einem Mittel versehen sind, welches es ermöglicht, Zulauf und Ablauf so zu verschalten, dass ein Ablauf als Zulauf und zeitgliech ein vorher als Ablauf dienender Ausgang als Zulauf dienender Eingang und zeitgleich ein als Zulauf dienender Eingang als Ablauf dienender Ausgang genutzt wird, und an Zulauf und Ablauf jeweils ein Filterelement vorhanden ist, welches den Katalysator im Reaktor zurückhält. Im Reaktor ist außerdem eine Vorrichtung vorhanden, die eine homogene Verteilung des Katalysators und der Edukte im Reaktor sicherstellt. Durch diesen Reaktor ist es möglich, Reaktionen der oben genannten Art auch mit ...

Process of and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon material

In a process of converting hydrocarbons (e.g. cracking, viscosity breaking, reforming, dehydrogenating or desulphurizing) in which a bed of contact material gravitates downwardly, contact material falling on the upper surface of the bed flows through an annular metering zone to form a freely falling annular curtain and an atomizer within the curtain sprays liquid hydrocarbon into it. Conversion takes place within a reaction vessel 1 into which heavy liquid hydrocarbon under pressure is fed via a pipe 10 to an atomizer A (see Group XXIX), within an annular curtain S of contact material C which has fallen from an inlet pipe 2 into a receptacle 3 and thence down a pipe 4 and a passage 9 between a frusto-conical pipe 5 and a core 7. The atomized hydrocarbon penetrates almost to the outer edge of the curtain S but not through it and the curtain S is deflected on a core 12 and falls on top of a bed B of contact material, the level of which is maintained by contact material ...

Toroidal bed reactor

EQUIPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF PARTIKELFÖRMIGEM PROPERTY

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INJECTING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FEED AND STEAM INTO A CATALYTIC CRACKING ZONE

MULTITUBULAR RADIAL CATALYTIC REACTOR

L'invention concerne un réacteur (1) délimité par une calandre (2) s'étendant selon un axe vertical, comprenant : · une enceinte pourvue d'une zone réactionnelle (10) contenant un lit de catalyseur; · au moins un moyen d'entrée (3) d'une charge gazeuse; · au moins un moyen de sortie (4) d'un effluent gazeux produit dans la zone réactionnelle (10); Le réacteur comprend à l'intérieur de la zone réactionnelle (10) au moins deux tubes s'étendant de manière sensiblement verticale sur la hauteur de la zone réactionnelle, les tubes étant perméables à une phase gazeuse et imperméables au catalyseur, chaque tube (9) ayant une extrémité supérieure (11) en communication avec le moyen d'entrée de la charge ou avec le moyen de sortie d'un effluent et une seconde extrémité (12) opposée. Les tubes (9,24) sont supportés à leur extrémité supérieure par un premier plateau (14) qui est solidaire de la calandre (2), par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble de liaison assurant une liaison de type pivot glissant.

MULTIPLE BURN ZONES WITH INDEPENDENT CIRCULATION LOOPS

A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

HYBRID THERMAL PROCESS TO SEPARATE AND TRANSFORM CONTAMINATED OR UNCONTAMINATED HYDROCARBON MATERIALS INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS, USES OF THE PROCESS, MANUFACTURING OF THE CORRESPONDING SYSTEM AND PLANT

Process for reclaiming useful products from a waste oil, comprising a thermal separation step performed in a vessel at conditions, of temperature and pressure, allowing to substantially avoid cracking of the waste oil and to assure the separation of said heated waste oil into a first heavy oil fraction and into a second light oil fraction having, in comparison with the waste oil, a low content in solids and/or in other contaminants that are different from water and from inert gas. The process is further characterized in that while, during the thermal separation treatment, the waste oil is heated to a temperature about the boiling temperature of the heavy oil fraction, and below the cracking temperature of the waste oil, and at a pressure that is preferably below the atmospheric pressure, the heavy oil fraction of the vapours existing the vessel, in contact with a cooler surface, condenses and falls back into the vessel, while the second fraction, in a gaseous state, is eventually submitted ...

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING

СПОСОБ И РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОВОЛОКОН

Это изобретение предлагает реактор (1) для получения углеродного нановолокна, содержащий в целом горизонтальную вытянутую цилиндрическую реакционную емкость (902), выполненную с возможностью вращения вокруг своей цилиндрической оси и содержащую при использовании реакционный слой (72) дисперсного катализатора, причем указанная реакционная емкость имеет впускной порт (1001) для газа и выпускной порт (1002) для газа, расположенные так, что один из указанных впускного и выпускного портов находится в пределах реакционного слоя, а другой - вне реакционного слоя.

СПОСІБ ОДЕРЖАННЯ СТАБІЛЬНОГО ПРИ ЗБЕРІГАННІ ЕКСТРАКТУ З ЛИСТЯ ПЛЮЩА, ЕКСТРАКТ, ЙОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТА ЛІКАРСЬКИЙ ЗАСІБ

Винахід належить до галузі фармацевтики та стосується способу одержання стабільного при зберіганні екстракту з листя плюща, який містить принаймні гедеракозид С та -гедерин, із застосуванням екстрагенту, при цьому а) подрібнюють висушене листя плюща, б) подрібнене висушене листя плюща обробляють гарячою водяною парою, в) екстрагують додаванням екстрагенту та г) екстракт сушать. Також винахід стосується екстракту, одержуваного вказаним способом, його застосування та лікарського засобу, що містить такий екстракт.

Appareil pour injecter une charge d'hydrocarbures dans un reacteur

L'invention concerne un appareil comportant (figure 3) - un reacteur 1 sensiblement vertical - des moyens 2 d'introduction de particules solides dans la partie superieure du reacteur, - des moyens 4 de soutirage des particules solides dans la partie inferieure du reacteur, - au moins un entonnoir ou zone evasee 25 dont le sommet est tourne vers le bas - des moyens 7 et 8 d'introduction de la dite charge fluide constituee d'un liquide et d'un gaz dans l'extremite inferieure du reacteur, sous ledit entonnoir 25. L'appareil est caracterise par la presence d'un dispositif d'injection d'une charge, le dispositif comportant : - au moins un jambage ou tubulure 24 sensiblement vertical qui perfore ledit entonnoir - une calotte 26 qui recouvre l'extremite superieure de la tubulure 24, la base inferieure (ou frange) de cette calotte comportant plusieurs decoupes ou une serie de decoupes agencees sur la majeure partie du perimetre de cette base.

NOVEL COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL DESIGN FOR SIMULATED MOVING BED SEPARATION PROCESS USING N-COLUMNS IN SERIES

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION IN SHEAR A GATE

APPARATUS FOR INJECTING A HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK IN A REACTOR

REGENERATOR FOR REGENERATING CATALYSTS IN DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

MULTISTAGE PROCESS AND CATALYTIC ENGINE HAVE LOW THICKNESS WITH HEAT EXCHANGER INTERNS, AND ITS USE

Enceinte réactionnelle allongée comportant au moins deux étages dans le sens vertical dans laquelle est réalisée une réaction catalytique endothermique ou exothermique et comprenant : - une zone réactionnelle (12a, 12b), catalytique par étage (6, 7), - l'introduction (2) d'un fluide réactionnel au niveau d'un étage adapté à une circulation transversale du fluide sur toute l'étendue verticale de la zone réactionnelle, - l'introduction et le soutirage du catalyseur, - un échangeur (5a) thermique des fluides réactionnels situé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte entre deux zones réactionnelles successives, - des moyens de transport (6) des fluides réactionnels d'un étage à un autre connectés de préférence à l'échangeur de l'étage considéré et à l'introduction des fluides réactionnels de l'étage suivant, - des moyens de récupération des fluides réactionnels en aval du dernier étage. La variation de température dans chaque zone et le niveau de température sont ajustés respectivement par l'épaisseur ...

COLLECTION CONDUIT FOR A RADIAL REACTOR SOLID COMPRISING THREADS.

La présente invention concerne un conduit de collecte (8) perméable à un fluide gazeux et imperméable à des particules de catalyseur, de forme sensiblement cylindrique s'étendant selon un axe sensiblement vertical ayant une première surface apte à être en contact avec les particules de catalyseur et une seconde surface opposée à la première surface, le conduit comprenant une pluralité de fils profilés (11) verticaux présentant une première face (12) apte à être en contact avec les particules de catalyseur et une seconde face (13) opposée à la première face (12), les fils profilés (11) étant solidarisés à une pluralité d'anneaux de support (14) horizontaux par leur seconde face (13), les fils profilés (11) et les anneaux de support (14) définissant une pluralité d'ouvertures. Le conduit (8) comprend en outre une pluralité de filets pleins (15) imperméables au fluide gazeux et aux particules qui sont solidaires de la première face des fils profilés (11) et/ou disposés et retenus entre deux ...

REGENERATOR ADAPTED REGENERATION OF CATALYSTS IN DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

PROCESSING DEVICE GAS/SOLID REACTOR SCREW COMPRISING A BRUSH INSERT ON THE SCREW

L'invention concerne un dispositif de traitement d'un produit comportant une enceinte (1), des moyens de convoyage du produit qui comprennent une vis (8) munie d'un arbre et montée pour tourner dans l'enceinte et des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la vis, une brosse (9) qui est rapportée sur la vis de sorte à former un pourtour externe de la vis venant au contact d'une surface interne de l'enceinte, et des moyens de diffusion d'un gaz à l'intérieur de l'enceinte.

GAS INJECTOR ELEMENT FOR FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT AND GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH THE SAME INJECTION.

L'invention concerne un élément d'injection de gaz (10) pour un système de distribution de gaz à l'intérieur d'une enceinte d'une unité de craquage catalytique fluide. Cet élément d'injection comprend un passage (14) le traversant de part en part et - un élément interne (20) en matériau céramique dont une surface interne (22) définit entièrement le passage traversant (14), - un fourreau métallique creux (30), à l'intérieur duquel est logée au moins une partie de l'élément interne (20), le fourreau (30) et l'élément interne (20) présentant respectivement une surface interne (32) et une surface externe (24) de formes complémentaires autorisant un déplacement de l'élément interne (20) par rapport au fourreau (30) suivant une direction parallèle à un axe (X) du passage (14), ces surfaces interne (32) et externe (24) étant pourvues d'éléments de fixation (26, 36) coopérant pour fixer de manière réversible le fourreau et l'élément interne.

DEVICE FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF PHASE MIXTURE IN AN ENCLOSURE HAVING A FLUIDIZED MEDIUM

La présente invention décrit un dispositif de distribution d'une phase légère au sein d'une phase lourde dans une enceinte réactionnelle (5) contenant la dite phase lourde à l'état fluidisé comportant une conduite (1) d'amenée de la phase légère, ladite conduite (1) étant cylindrique et étant ouverte dans sa partie supérieure par des fenêtres rectangulaires (7) et (8) percées dans la paroi latérale de la conduite (1), les fenêtres (8) se prolongeant par des branches (6) perpendiculaires à l'axe de symétrie de l'enceinte réactionnelle (5), et la conduite (1) étant surmontée à sa partie supérieure d'un pommeau convexe (9).

An Apparatus of Core-Shell Particles and Preparation Methods Using Thereof

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing core-shell particles and a producing method of the core-shell particles using the same. The apparatus includes: a reactor; a first storage part which is joined and installed on a first raw material inlet of the reactor; a second storage part which is joined and installed on a second raw material inlet of the reactor; a solid and liquid material separation part which is joined and installed on an outlet of the reactor to separate a product, discharged from the outlet, into solid particles and liquid; and a drying part which is joined and installed on the solid and liquid separation part to dry solid particles separated by the solid and liquid separation part. According to the present invention, the present invention provides the apparatus for producing the core-shell particles which forms the core-shell particles by injecting gas, liquid and/or solid materials while a liquid solvent exists.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CONTACTING HYDROCARBON FEED AND CATALYST

An apparatus and process for distributing a deflecting media into an axial center of a riser to push catalyst outwardly toward the feed injectors ensures better contacting between hydrocarbon feed and catalyst.

CYCLONE REACTOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING USUABLE BY-PRODUCTS USING CYCLONE REACTOR

A cyclone reactor for producing a usable by-product as part of a recoverable slag layer, the reactor comprising a housing having an outer wall that defines a combustion chamber; an inlet configured to introduce a reactant into the reactor; a burner configured to combust the reactant in a flame zone near a central axis of the chamber; and an outlet configured to provide for the removal of the usable by-product from the housing; wherein the reactor is configured to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction in the flame zone; and wherein the reactor is configured to convert a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near the outer wall to produce the by-product as part of the slag layer.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING A PARTICULATE MATERIAL

The invention relates to apparatus for treating a particulate material, comprising a process chamber (16) and a base (18) that comprises passages, through which the process air (21) can be introduced into the process chamber (16). The apparatus (10) comprises a device (60) for conditioning and circulating the process air (21), said conditioning device (60) containing at least one condenser (35) and an air heater (52). A filter assembly (28) removes solid matter from the process air (21) that emanates from the process chamber, the filters (30, 32, 33) of the filter assembly being located according to flow technology, upstream of the conditioning device (60).

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CONTACTING HYDROCARBON FEED AND CATALYST

An apparatus and process for distributing a deflecting media into an axial center of a riser to push catalyst outwardly toward the feed injectors ensures better contacting between hydrocarbon feed and catalyst.

Device for carrying out liquid reactions with fine-grained solid catalysts and method for the use thereof

A reactor for carrying out catalyzed liquid reactions in which the catalyst is present as a dispersion in the reaction zone. The reactor includes at least one inlet and outlet, with all starting materials being fed in via the inlet and all products being discharged via the outlet. The inlet and outlet can be switched so that an exit previously serving as the outlet is utilized as an entrance serving as the inlet and at the same time an entrance previously serving as the inlet is utilized as an exit serving as the outlet. The inlet and outlet each include a filter element that keeps the catalyst in the reactor. The reactor also includes a device that ensures homogeneous distribution of the catalyst and the starting materials in the reactor. This reactor can carry out reactions at a high solids content without the catalyst having to be separated off from a product stream in an extra process step and without regular cleaning and thus shutdown of the process being necessary.

Continuous process for the manufacture of metal salt solutions from water-insoluble metal compounds and mineral acids

A continuous process for the manufacture of a metal salt solution is described which provides more economical products with higher quality than current processes. The process is safer, both to operating personnel and to the environment, than currently used processes. The process comprises feeding an aqueous metal compound slurry, e.g., a metal oxide/hydroxide slurry and a mineral acid, e.g., nitric acid, and water to a reactor which includes a zone of extreme mixing and agitation, most preferably a cross-pipe reactor provided with an optional static in-line mixer. A cross-pipe reactor provides complete and efficient reaction by providing greater surface area, high agitation and a long reaction time.

CONTINUOUS REACTION DEVICE FOR SYNTHESIZING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYL ETHERS

The present invention pertains to the technical field of energy resource chemical industry, and in particular relates to a continuous reaction device and process for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The continuous reaction device comprises multiple slurry bed stirred tank reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst. Each of the tank reactors is provided with an axial-flow stirring paddle having 2-6 blades per layer, to ensure sufficient mixing of the reactants with the catalyst. By using a distributed control pattern of reaction temperature and feedstock supplying to enhance the process and to optimize the operation, the reaction device of the present invention can effectively ...

A Continuous Type Process Method to Increase the Rate of Reaction Between Solids, Liquids, And Gasses Per Area of the Land Occupied by Two Reactors

Two inline tower gas wet scrubbers having a moving bed of solids for scrubbing exhaust gas Two inline tower gas wet scrubbers wherein each scrubber has a moving bed of solids 0010 that is conveyed from the top to the bottom of the towers via a plurality of perforated moving floors 003 arranged one above the other. Wherein the moving floors are mounted on plenums 004 that extend from the internal walls of the towers. A liquid 008 is sprayed from the top of each tower, wherein the liquid washes the exhaust gas, capturing particle matter and absorbing acidic gases and heat. As the liquid falls under gravity, the liquid is filtered through the solids. Exhaust gas e.g. containing CO2enters the first scrubber 001 above the bottom plenum and travels upwards over the moving bed towards the outlet at the top of the scrubber, whilst being washed by the falling liquid. The warm carbonated solids and liquid that exit the first reactor are fed into the top of the second reactor 002, whilst the gas exiting ...

ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАРБОНАТА МЕТАЛЛА В ХЛОРИД МЕТАЛЛА

Изобретение относится к способу получения хлорида металла MCl, в котором карбонат металла в виде твердого вещества превращают в реакции с хлорирующим агентом с образованием хлорида металла MCl, причем металл М выбирают из группы щелочных металлов, щелочноземельных металлов, Al и Zn, при этом «х» соответствует валентности катиона металла, причем в качестве реагента дополнительно добавляют металл, который отличается от металла М карбоната металла или соответствует ему. Также изобретение относится к устройству для исполнения способа. Предложенный способ является более энергоэффективным. 2 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил.

СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ВНУТРЕННИЕ УСТРОЙСТВА РЕАКТОРЫ С НЕПОДВИЖНЫМ ИЛИ ПОДВИЖНЫМ СЛОЕМ И РАДИАЛЬНЫМ ТЕЧЕНИЕМ ОБРАБАТЫВАЕМОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОТОКА

Изобретение относится к реакторам с подвижным или неподвижным слоем с радиальным течением обрабатываемого технологического потока в процессах каталитического риформинга бензинов, скелетной изомеризации бензинов, обменного диспропорционирования олефинов, олигокрекинга, дегидрирования парафинов или ароматических соединений, производства аммиака. Реактор с радиальным течением обрабатываемого технологического потока содержит обечайку 5, средства ввода обрабатываемого технологического потока 4 и вывода уходящих потоков 11, зону распределения указанного технологического потока 9, в случае необходимости патрубки ввода 6 катализатора, внешнюю 3 и внутреннюю 2 решетки, позволяющие обрабатываемому технологическому потоку двигаться от внешней решетки 3 ко внутренней решетке 2, расположенной по существу в центре реактора, или наоборот от внутренней решетки 2 ко внешней решетке 3, причем реактор содержит также по меньшей мере одну дополнительную внешнюю решетку 13, 18, имеющую форму, адаптированную ...

НОВОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МНОГОФАЗНОЙ СМЕСИ В КАМЕРЕ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННУЮ СРЕДУ

Изобретение относится к улучшению конструкций распределителей, предназначенных для распределения легкой фазы в тяжелой фазе. Изобретение относится к устройству распределения легкой фазы внутри тяжелой фазы в реакционной камере (5), где указанная тяжелая фаза присутствует в псевдоожиженном состоянии, при этом устройство включает трубопровод (1) для подвода легкой фазы, указанный трубопровод (1) является цилиндрическим и открытым в верхней части благодаря первым и вторым прямоугольным окнам (7, 8), расположенным в боковой стенке указанного трубопровода (1), при этом вторые окна (8) продолжаются ветвями (6), перпендикулярными оси симметрии реакционной камеры (5), при этом над верхней частью трубопровода (1) находится выпуклая головка (9). Технический результат – повышение эффективности реактора за счет того, что легкая фаза равномерно распределена и более эффективно взаимодействует с плотной фазой. 4 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

РЕАКТОРНАЯ УСТАНОВКА С ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕМ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА

... 1. Реакторная установка (10), содержащая: ! несколько реакторов (12), соединенных друг с другом и содержащих, по меньшей мере, одну пару реакторов (12а, b), разделенных промежуточным местом (33); ! магистраль (25) подачи сырья, предназначенную для подачи сырьевого потока реагентов на вход (21а, b) более одного из указанных нескольких реакторов (12а, b); и ! отводящее устройство (30), соединенное с промежуточным местом (33) и способное направлять первую часть потока (32а) продукта, вышедшего из первого реактора (12а) указанной пары реакторов (12а, b), в первое место (40) и направлять вторую часть потока продукта на вход (21b) другого реактора (12b) указанной пары реакторов (12а, b). ! 2. Установка (10) по п.1, в которой первый реактор (12а) из нескольких реакторов (12а, b) содержит первую кольцеобразную каталитическую камеру (56а), а второй реактор (12b) из нескольких реакторов (12а, b) содержит вторую кольцеобразную каталитическую камеру (58а) и первая кольцеобразная каталитическая камера ...

ТЕРМИЧЕСКАЯ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИЯ СЛОЖНОПОЛИЭФИРНЫХ ГРАНУЛ В ЖИДКОСТИ

... 1. Способ термической кристаллизации сложнополиэфирного полимера, включающий а2) введение твердых аморфных гранул в жидкую среду, имеющую температуру не ниже 140°C, в зоне жидкой среды в кристаллизационном сосуде и кристаллизацию указанных твердых аморфных гранул в жидкой среде при давлении в указанной зоне, равном или превышающем давление пара жидкой среды при температуре жидкой среды без увеличения молекулярной массы гранул; и b) в то время как давление, по меньшей мере, на часть гранул равно или выше давления пара жидкой среды, отделение, по меньшей мере, части указанных гранул и, по меньшей мере, части жидкой среды друг от друга. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором сложнополиэфирный полимер содержит, по меньшей мере, 60% этилентерефталатных повторяющихся звеньев. 3. Способ по п.1, включающий а1) экструдирование расплавленного сложнополиэфирного полимера через экструзионную головку, резку под жидкостью расплавленного сложнополиэфирного полимера, формование твердых сложнополиэфирных гранул и ...

Multiple burn zones with independent circulation loops

A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Conversion of Metal Carbonate into Metal Chloride

A method for producing metal chloride MClx− includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride MClx−, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , the method comprising:providing phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as solid with the phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to produce metal chloride MCl,'}wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x indicates the valence of the metal cation.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding M as an additional reactant.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of:the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate, orphosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared in situ by reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subsequently reacting the metal chloride to produce metal M.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting the produced metal M at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 4 , to thereby form a metal circuit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is performed in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosgene claim 1 , diphosgene and/or triphosgene is prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon monoxide is produced by a reaction of metal carbonate with the metal M and/or from an electrolysis of carbon dioxide.9. An apparatus for reacting metal carbonate as solid with phosgene claim 7 , diphosgene ...

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN MONOMERS IN A REACTOR

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed. 18400511. A system for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene , the system comprising a reactor () , a compressor () , a cooling unit () and an external pipe () for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer ,{'b': '40', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (),'}wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream,{'b': '10', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (),'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator () for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase,'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase,wherein the first outlet for the ...

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

POWDER STIRRING DEVICE

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged. 1. (canceled)2. A powder processing apparatus that processes powder using a processing gas , comprising:a powder transport path that has a strip-shaped transporter that extends spirally in a vertical direction and on which the powder moves;a powder supplier for supplying the powder to the powder transport path;a vibration applier that vibrates the powder transport path to move the powder supplied to the powder transport path along the strip-shaped transporter;a processing container in which the powder supplied to the powder transport path is processed by the processing gas while moving;a powder recoverer that recovers the processed powder; andat least one height limitation member that limits a height of the powder moving on the strip-shaped transporter.3. The powder processing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the height limitation member has a lower end that is opposite to the strip-shaped transporter claim 2 , and is arranged such that a clearance is formed between the lower end and the strip-shaped transporter.4. The powder processing apparatus ...

Methods for Determining Transition Metal Compound Concentrations in Multicomponent Liquid Systems

Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems. 111-. (canceled)12. A polymerization reactor system comprising:(A) a reactor configured to contact a catalyst system with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer under polymerization reaction conditions to produce an olefin polymer;(B) a catalyst preparation vessel configured to contact a first transition metal compound, a second transition metal compound, an activator, and an optional co-catalyst to form the catalyst system; and(C) an analytical system configured to determine a first concentration of the first transition metal compound and a second concentration of the second transition metal compound in a solution comprising the first transition metal compound and the second transition metal compound present within the polymerization reactor system; wherein:the polymerization reactor system comprises a slurry reactor, a gas-phase reactor, a solution reactor, or a combination thereof.13. The reactor system of claim 12 , wherein the analytical system comprises an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer.14. The reactor system of claim 13 , wherein the analytical system further comprises a filter assembly configured to filter a sample of the solution comprising the first transition metal compound and the second transition metal compound before analysis by the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer.15. The reactor system of claim 12 , wherein the reactor system further comprises (D) a controller configured to control a first flow rate of the first transition metal compound and/or a second flow rate of the second transition metal compound into the reactor based ...

Apparatus and Method for Sintering Proppants

An apparatus and method sinters or partially sinters green pellets in a selected temperature range to make proppant particles as the green pellets pass through a first central portion of the first vortex gas flow and exit the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and/or pass through a second central portion of the second vortex flow and exit the fourth end of the second cylindrical vessel. 1. An apparatus for sintering green pellets to make proppant particles , the apparatus comprising:a first cylindrical vessel having a first end, a second end and a first longitudinal axis;a first vortex finder connected to the first end of the first cylindrical vessel and aligned with the first longitudinal axis;a second cylindrical vessel having a third end, a fourth end and a second longitudinal axis;a second vortex finder connected to the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and aligned with the second longitudinal axis;an inlet passage disposed between the first vortex finder and the second vortex finder, connected tangentially to both the first cylindrical vessel proximate to the first end and the second cylindrical vessel proximate to the third end, and having an inlet and a third longitudinal axis;a divider disposed within the inlet passage along the third longitudinal axis that directs a heated gas from the inlet into the first cylindrical vessel to form a first vortex gas flow and the second cylindrical vessel to form a second vortex gas flow;a heated gas source connected to the inlet of the inlet passage; anda green pellet source connected to the first vortex finder or the second vortex finder or both the first vortex finder and the second vortex finder such that the green pellets are sintered or partially sintered in a selected temperature range to form the proppant particles as the green pellets pass through a first central portion of the first vortex gas flow and exit the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and/or pass through a second central ...

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS FOR THE EXFOLIATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS

A system for extracting two dimensional materials from a bulk material by functionalization of the bulk material in a reactor. 1. A method of exfoliating two-dimensional materials comprising:adding a bulk material to a polar solvent in a reactor vessel;dissolving ozone in the polar solvent; andexfoliating two-dimensional material from the bulk material by advanced oxidation process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bulk material is selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 1 , Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is graphene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material formed is from bulk is Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is single layer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is few layer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is multi layer.8. The method of claim 1 , the polar solvent is chilled from around room temperature to between 5° C. and 15° C.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising agitating the polar solvent.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polar solvent has a temperature above 25° C.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein no chemical preprocessing of the bulk material is necessary.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working solvent can be HO claim 1 , HO claim 1 , an inert PFC claim 1 , or a mixture of these in any combination.13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising exposing the solvent to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to enhance radical formation in the working HOor HO or HO/HOsolvent.14. An apparatus for exfoliating two-dimensional ...

High severity fluidized catalytic cracking systems and processes for producing olefins from petroleum feeds

Systems and processes are disclosed for producing petrochemical products, such as ethylene, propene and other olefins from crude oil in high severity fluid catalytic cracking (HSFCC) units. Processes include separating a crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, cracking the light fraction and heavy fraction in separation cracking reaction zones, and regenerating the cracking catalysts in a two-zone regenerator having a first regeneration zone for the first catalyst (heavy fraction) and a second regeneration zone for the second catalyst (light fraction) separate from the first regeneration zone. Flue gas from the first catalyst regeneration zone is passed to the second regeneration zone to provide additional heat to raise the temperature of the second catalyst of the light fraction side. The disclosed systems and processes enable different catalysts and operating conditions to be utilized for the light fraction and the heavy fraction of a crude oil feed.

Methods for Supplying Solid Catalysts to a Solution Polymerization Reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor. 1. A process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst to a solution polymerization reactor in the form of a suspension in an aliphatic hydrocarbon, oil, or wax;contacting the catalyst with one or more α-olefin monomers; andrecovering a polyolefin;wherein the concentration of the homogeneous single-site catalyst is greater than 0.8 mmole/liter if suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter if suspended in an oil or a wax.2. A polymerization process comprising:passing a homogeneous single-site catalyst into a catalyst feed line of a solution phase polymerization reactor wherein the catalyst is suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or an oil or a wax; andcontacting the homogeneous single-site catalyst and one or more α-olefin monomers;recovering a polyolefin;wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst in the catalyst feed line is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and greater than 0.2 mmole/liter when suspended in the oil or wax.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein a carrier solvent or gas is passed into the catalyst feed line.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing an activator into the reactor claim 1 , wherein the activator is also suspended in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent claim 1 , or an ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

It is an object of the present invention to convert COto CO by bringing about a reverse shift reaction in a relatively low-temperature condition, and thereby enhancing efficiency of generating organic substances, such as ethanol. A raw material gas g containing COand His subjected to a reverse shift reaction in a reverse shift reactor Organic substances are generated from a raw material gas g after the reverse shift reaction in an organic substance generator In the subjecting step, the raw material gas g is brought into contact with a reverse shift reaction catalyst The reverse shift reaction catalyst includes a support and a catalyst metal supported by the support The catalyst metal includes a transition metal. The catalyst metal is preferably composed of Fe with at least one kind of metal from among Al, Ga, In, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd and Mn added thereto. 1. A method for producing organic substances from a raw material gas containing COand H , the method comprising steps of:subjecting the raw material gas to a reverse shift reaction; andgenerating organic substances from the raw material gas after the reverse shift reaction, wherein:the raw material gas is contacted with a reverse shift reaction catalyst in the subjecting step;the reverse shift reaction catalyst includes a support and a catalyst metal supported by the support; andthe catalyst metal includes a transition metal.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst metal includes Fe with at least one kind of metal selected from a group of Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , and Mn added thereto.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst metal includes Fe with Pd added thereto.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature condition in the subjecting step is from 150 degrees C. to 500 degrees C.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an offgas generated in the generating step is mixed with the raw material gas before ...

Conversion of Metal Carbonate to Metal Chloride

A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx−, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx−, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction. 1. A method for producing metal chloride MCl , comprising:providing a chlorinating agent,{'sup': x+', '−, 'sub': 'x', 'reacting metal carbonate as a solid with the chlorinating agent to form metal chloride MCl,'}wherein metal M being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, and Li, andwherein x corresponds to the valence of the metal cation, andadditionally adding metal M as a reactant to the reaction of metal carbonate with the chlorinating agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal M added as a reactant with a metal/metal carbonate weight ratio of less than 5/10 in order to generate thermal energy.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal M is used together with the metal carbonate for the reaction with the chlorinating agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent comprises chlorine or oxalyl chloride.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal chloride is subsequently reacted to produce metal M.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal M produced by the subsequent reaction of the metal chloride is reacted at least partly with carbon dioxide to produce metal carbonate claim 5 , to form a metal circuit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor or a mechanically moved fixed-bed reactor or in a cyclone reactor.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reaction occurs in a grid reactor claim 7 , in which the chlorinating agent is added as a gas in cocurrent with the ...

Biomass storage system

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material.

ETHYLENE-TO-LIQUIDS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products. 1111.-. (canceled)112. A method , comprising:(a) directing an olefin-containing stream comprising an olefin into an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor comprising an ETL catalyst that facilitates conversion of at least a portion of said olefin to higher hydrocarbon compounds to yield an ETL product stream comprising said higher hydrocarbon compounds;{'sub': 4+', '3, '(b) directing at least a portion of said ETL product stream into a de-propanizer that separates said higher hydrocarbon compounds into a bottom stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds with four or more carbon atoms (C compounds) and an overhead stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds with three carbon atoms (Ccompounds); and'}{'sub': '3', '(c) directing at least a portion of said Ccompounds into said ETL reactor.'}113. The method of wherein said olefin comprises ethylene claim 112 , propylene claim 112 , or a combination thereof.114. The method of claim 112 , further comprising claim 112 , prior to (a) claim 112 , directing a hydrocarbon feedstream comprising feedstream hydrocarbons into a cracking reactor comprising a cracking catalyst that facilitates a cracking of said feedstream hydrocarbons to produce a cracked stream comprising cracked hydrocarbons claim 112 , wherein said cracked hydrocarbons have a lower molecular weight than said feedstream hydrocarbons claim 112 , and using at least a subset of said cracked hydrocarbons to generate said olefin-containing stream.115. The method of claim 114 , further comprising directing said cracked stream into a separations unit that separates said ...

Process and apparatus for regenerating catalyst

A baffle is installed on the wall of a regenerator vessel to push catalyst away from the wall to ensure adequate exposure to regeneration gas and complete combustion of coke from the catalyst. We have found that in deep beds, catalyst can flow down the walls and escape sufficient exposure to regeneration gas and undergo too little regeneration.

Method and Reactor for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

A method of autothermal oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) utilizes introducing a methane-containing feedstock and an oxygen-gas-containing feedstock into a reactor () as a flowing mixture () with a space time of 500 ms or less. The reactor () contains a catalyst bed () of an OCM catalyst that contacts the flowing mixture and wherein the catalyst bed () has a heat Peclet number (Pe) of from 5 or less, a mass Peclet number (Pe) of from 5 or more, and a transverse Peclet number (P) of from 1 or less while contacting the flowing mixture. The methane and oxygen of the feedstocks are allowed to react within the reactor () to form methane oxidative coupling reaction products. A reactor () for carrying out the OCM reaction is also disclosed. 1. A method of carrying out autothermal oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) comprising:{'sub': h', 'm, 'introducing a methane-containing feedstock and an oxygen-gas-containing feedstock into a reactor as a flowing mixture with a space time of 500 ms or less, the reactor containing a catalyst bed of an OCM catalyst that contacts the flowing mixture and wherein the catalyst bed has a heat Peclet number (Pe) of from 5 or less, a mass Peclet number (Pe) of from 5 or more, and a transverse Peclet number (P) of from 1 or less while contacting the flowing mixture; and'}allowing the methane and oxygen of the feedstocks to react within the reactor to form methane oxidative coupling reaction products.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein: a layer of OCM catalyst formed as catalyst particles having a particle size of from 0.1 mm to 3 mm;', 'at least one monolithic body of one of a ceramic or metal material having pores or channels with a pore or channel size from 0.1 to 5 mm, the monolithic body having an OCM catalyst material present on at least all or a portion of the surface of the monolithic body;', 'at least one monolithic body of one of a ceramic or metal material having pores or channels with a pore or channel size from 0.1 to 5 mm, and ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COMPOSITE

A method and apparatus for preparing a composite, in which the angle between the apparatus base and the apparatus body is adjusted by the elevator device, the solid raw material is loaded into the reactor by the solid feeding device, the main reaction gas, the auxiliary gas and the carrier gas are introduced from the front gas intake unit into the main reaction zone at a preset ratio, followed by the active material deposited on solid particles, the post-processing reaction gas is introduced from the middle gas intake unit to the post-processing reaction zone to form a functional layer on the active material, the prepared composite powder is separated and collected from the gas-solid mixture in the collection device. The exhaust gas is released from the exhaust manifold into an exhaust gas treatment system after minority powder filtered by the filter.

Modified Supported Chromium Catalysts and Ethylene-Based Polymers Produced Therefrom

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

Light Treatment of Chromium Catalysts and Related Catalyst Preparation Systems and Polymerization Processes

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index. 1. A method for reducing a chromium catalyst for olefin polymerization , the method comprising:irradiating a reductant comprising a C—H bond and a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium in the hexavalent oxidation state with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum to reduce at least a portion of the supported chromium catalyst to form a reduced chromium catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the reductant comprises ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, tetrafluoroethane, cyclohexane, adamantane, decalin, benzene, toluene, or any combination thereof; andthe supported chromium catalyst comprises a solid oxide selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, silica-coated alumina, aluminum phosphate, aluminophosphate, heteropolytungstate, titania, zirconia, magnesia, boria, zinc oxide, silica-titania, silica-zirconia, alumina-titania, alumina-zirconia, zinc-aluminate, alumina-boria, silica-boria, aluminophosphate-silica, titania-zirconia, or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supported chromium catalyst comprises chromium/silica claim 1 , chromium/silica-titania claim 1 , chromium/silica-titania-magnesia claim 1 , chromium/silica-alumina claim 1 , chromium/silica-coated alumina claim 1 , chromium/aluminophosphate claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Apparatus for preparing oligomer

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, the apparatus including: a reactor for oligomerizing a feed stream containing a fed monomer; a stirrer inserted into a hole formed in an upper portion of the reactor; and a solvent transfer line extending inward from a side of the reactor, wherein the stirrer includes a rotating shaft vertically extending downward from the upper portion of the reactor, and a blade having a conical shape whose vertex is positioned at a lower end of the rotating shaft and outer diameter increases from a bottom toward a top, and the solvent transfer line has a plurality of spray nozzles formed in a direction toward the blade.

DEVICE COMPRISING LATERAL INJECTIONS OF LIQUID FOR LIMITING THE PHENOMENA OF SOLID DEPOSITS IN ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment () and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device. 249456. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a pipe () for recycling a part of the liquid leaving said outlet pipe () claim 1 , said recycling pipe () supplying recycled liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().31056. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a makeup pipe () for supplying makeup liquid to at least one of said at least one injectors () or ().45678. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , said at least one injectors () and () are distributed by horizontal layers () in the truncated-cone-shaped part and by horizontal layers () in the cylindrical part claim 1 , respectively.51212. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the diameter D of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the truncated-cone-shaped part has a ratio (D/D) of 1.1 to 1000.6. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angle α is 10° to 70°.711. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 10° to 150°.822. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or separation drum column according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the device claim 1 , the angles β and θ are 90° to 180°.922. The atmospheric or vacuum distillation column or ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GRAPHITE OXIDE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing graphite oxide and an apparatus therefor. 1. A method for producing graphite oxide comprising:preparing graphite slurry containing graphite and sulfuric acid;preparing graphite oxide slurry by injecting an oxidizing agent into the graphite slurry to oxidize the graphite;mixing a hydrogen peroxide solution into the graphite oxide slurry; andobtaining graphite oxide from the graphite oxide slurry by using a filtration membrane apparatus.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the injecting the oxidizing agent into the graphite slurry is stepwisely performed by a multi-stage connected sequencing batch mixer.3. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the oxidizing agent contains an alkali metal salt.4. The method of claim 3 ,wherein the alkali metal salt includes a member selected from the group consisting of potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate, sodium nitrate, lithium hypochlorite, lithium perchlorate, lithium manganate, lithium nitrate, cesium nitrate, and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the graphite slurry contains the sulfuric acid in an amount of from 30 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight with respect to the graphite in an amount of 1 part by weight.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the graphite contained in the graphite slurry has a particle size of 100 μm or less.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:irradiating ultrasonic waves to the graphite oxide after the obtaining graphite oxide.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:drying the graphite oxide after the obtaining graphite oxide.9. An apparatus for producing graphite oxide claim 1 , comprising:a graphite slurry mixer configured to mix graphite with sulfuric acid to prepare graphite slurry;a sequencing batch mixer connected in series with the graphite slurry mixer and configured to supply an oxidizing agent to the graphite slurry;a batch reactor connected in series with the sequencing batch mixer;a hydrogen peroxide ...

TRIPHASIC FLOW MILLIREACTORS

Disclosed is a reactor system that contains multiple millireactors, each including a millitube, a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line. Each of the first and second feed lines has a hydraulic damper disposed therein. Also disclosed is a process for conducting in a millitube a triphasic flow reaction that requires a liquid reactant, a gas reactant, and a catalyst. 2. The reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising:a first liquid container connected to the first end of the first feed line, the first container connected in fluid communication to a first pump;a second liquid container connected to the first end of the second feed line, the second container connected in fluid communication to a second pump;a gas container connected to the first end of the third feed line; andan outflow container connected to the second end of the millitube.3. The reactor system of claim 2 , wherein the first and second pumps are each a peristaltic pump.4. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the millitube is a polytetrafluoroethylene tube.5. The reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the millitube has a length of 2-20 m and an inner diameter of 1-5 mm.6. The reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the first and second hydraulic dampers each consist of a first tube claim 4 , a second tube claim 4 , and a third tube in series claim 4 , the second tube having an inner diameter larger than that of the first tube and that of the third tube.7. The reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the first tube has the same length and inner diameter as those of the third tube.8. The reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the second tube in the first hydraulic damper is a silicone tube and the second tube in the second hydraulic damper is a viton tube.9. The reactor system of claim 5 , wherein the first and second hydraulic dampers each consist of a first tube claim 5 , a second tube claim 5 , and a third tube in series claim 5 , the second tube in each of the hydraulic dampers having an ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBING RESIN PARTICLES

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. 1. An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted , the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor , the apparatus comprising:a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted;a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container;a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; anda spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe, whereinin a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray ...

Zeolite production method

Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≦SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ≦2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.

DEVICE COMPRISING LATERAL INJECTIONS OF LIQUID FOR LIMITING THE PHENOMENA OF SOLID DEPOSITS IN ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment () and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device. 111111292. Device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment () comprising a cylindrical upper part () of diameter D , a truncated-cone-shaped lower part () with an angle of inclination a comprised between 5° and 85° with respect to the vertical axis (z) of said cylindrical upper part , an outlet pipe () of diameter D , characterized in that it comprises:{'b': 5', '12', '1, 'at least one injection () of recycled and/or makeup liquid into the truncated-cone-shaped part () of the item of equipment ();'}{'b': 6', '11', '1, 'at least one injection () of recycled and/or makeup liquid into the cylindrical part () of the item of equipment ();'}{'b': 5', '1', '2', '6', '1', '2', '1', '1', '2', '2, 'said injection or injections () situated in said truncated-cone-shaped part being inclined with respect to the wall of the truncated-cone-shaped lower part at an angle β in the vertical plane (xz) and at an angle β in the horizontal plane (xy); said injection or injections () situated in said cylindrical part being inclined with respect to the wall of the cylindrical upper part at an angle θ in the vertical plane (xz) and at an angle θ in the horizontal plane (xy), the angles β and θ being comprised between 5° and 175°, the angles β and θ being comprised between 90° and 270°.'}249456. Device according to comprising a pipe () for recycling a part of the liquid leaving said outlet pipe () claim 1 , said recycling pipe () supplying recycled liquid to at least one of said injections () or ().31056. Device according to comprising a makeup pipe () for supplying makeup liquid to at least one of said injections () or ().478. Device according to in which said injections are ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CONTACTING CATALYST WITH A GAS AND REDUCTION

A process and apparatus is disclosed for distributing a gas stream into a downwardly flowing catalyst stream in a vessel by feeding the gas stream into a center of the vessel or the catalyst stream into a hollow cap. The gas stream enters the cap and exits the cap flowing upwardly to contact the catalyst stream. 1. A process of distributing gas into a catalyst stream comprising:feeding a catalyst stream downwardly in a vessel;feeding a gas stream into a center of said catalyst stream into a hollow cap;said gas stream entering said cap and exiting said cap and flowing upwardly to contact said catalyst stream that is flowing downwardly.2. The process of further comprising discharging said gas stream from a side outlet in said vessel after contacting said catalyst stream.3. The process of wherein said gas stream exits said cap through an open lower end.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst stream has a minimum of 0.1 wt % chemisorbed water before contacting said gas stream and said catalyst stream is partially dried to have at least 25 wt % less chemisorbed water after contacting said gas stream than before contacting said gas stream.5. The process of wherein said cap has an inclined side and particles of said catalyst stream slides down said inclined side.6. The process of wherein said catalyst stream is consolidated into a cylindrical stream and said cap penetrates said cylindrical stream.7. The process of wherein said gas stream is fed into said hollow cap through a pipe with an outlet end facing upwardly into said hollow cap.8. The process of further comprising after contacting the catalyst stream with said gas stream comprising a first gas stream to provide a contacted catalyst stream claim 7 , contacting said contacted catalyst stream with a second gas stream to provide a twice contacted catalyst stream and discharging said second gas stream from said vessel.9. The process of wherein said second contacting step reduces the valence state of a metal on ...

Modified Supported Chromium Catalysts and Ethylene-Based Polymers Produced Therefrom

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms. 19-. (canceled)10. An ethylene polymer characterized by:a Mw in a range from about 100,000 to about 400,000 g/mol;at least about 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol; andat least about 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol.11. The ethylene polymer of claim 10 , wherein the polymer has:a Mn in a range from about 3,000 to about 10,000 g/mol;a Mz in a range from about 1,500,000 to about 4,000,000 g/mol;a Mp in a range from about 10,000 to about 60,000 g/mol;a ratio of Mw/Mn in a range from about 30 to about 80;a ratio of Mz/Mw in a range from about 6 to about 13; orany combination thereof.12. The ethylene polymer of claim 10 , wherein:the Mw is in a range from about 200,000 to about 300,000 g/mol;from about 4 to about 9 wt. % of the polymer has a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol;from about 3 to about 6 wt. % of the polymer has a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol;from about 8 to about 20 wt. % of the polymer has a molecular weight less than 3162 g/mol;from about 53 to about 73 wt. % of the polymer has a molecular weight in the 10,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol range;the polymer has a highest molecular weight detected of at least about 6,000,000 g/mol; andthe polymer comprises an ethylene ...

A REACTOR COMPRISING A NOZZLE FOR CLEANING FLUID, A KIT AND A METHOD

The invention refers to a reactor and a method respectively for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media, and a subsequent cleaning of the reactor, said reactor comprising a vessel () in which a transformation device () has been mounted. The invention also refers to a reactor kit comprising such reactor. The reactor comprises at least one nozzle () arranged on the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel (). The at least one nozzle () is arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid (CF) in a direction towards a longitudinal centre axis (L) of a flow distributor () arranged in the vessel (). 2. A reactor according to claim 1 , in which the reactor comprises a plurality of nozzles claim 1 , the plurality of nozzles being distributed along the circumference and/or along the longitudinal extension of the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel claim 1 , and wherein the plurality of nozzles are arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid in a direction towards the longitudinal centre axis of the flow distributor.311. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the nozzle(s) is/are supported by one or several supports arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel ().4. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the one or several supports form part of an insert.5. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein each support comprises two or more nozzles distributed along the longitudinal extension of the support claim 3 , and wherein two adjacent nozzles are arranged to provide a longitudinally and continuously uniform spray pattern.6. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein an inner wall of the vessel comprises means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress in any of the two rotary directions along said inner wall.7. A reactor according to claim 6 , wherein said means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress is ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SYNGAS THROUGH REGENERATION OF COKED UPGRADATION AGENT

The present invention relates to a process for the production of high quality synthesis gas rich in hydrogen during the process of upgrading the residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock by rejuvenating the spent upgrading material in Reformer in absence of air/oxygen without supplying external heat source other than the heat generated inside the process during combustion of residual coke deposited on the upgrading material. The present invention further relates to the apparatus used for preparation of syngas wherein said syngas thus produced is used for production of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the present invention also provides system and method for preparing pure hydrogen from syngas. 1. A process for producing syngas rich in hydrogen , during the process of upgrading residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock , the process comprising , partially regenerating spent upgrading agent , obtained from a Riser , in a Reformer with steam and in absence of oxygen containing gases to obtain syngas rich in hydrogen , wherein the spent upgrading agent constitutes 1 to 5 wt % coke , and the Reformer is maintained at a temperature of 650 to 850° C. without supplying external heat.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the Reformer is maintained by circulating the rejuvenated agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising injecting an oil soluble organo-metallic additive selected from alkali and alkaline earth metal additives in the Reformer.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising introducing partially rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Reformer claim 1 , to a Combustor and burning the partially rejuvenated upgrading agent at a temperature in the range of 750° C. to 950° C. and in presence of a stream of oxygen containing gases in the Combustor to obtain rejuvenated upgrading agent and flue gas.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising introducing the rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.6. The ...

COLLECTOR PIPE FOR A RADIAL REACTOR COMPRISING SOLID FILLETS

This invention relates to a collector pipe () that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and impermeable to catalyst particles, with an approximately cylindrical shape extending along an approximately vertical axis having a first surface that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second surface opposite the first surface, the pipe containing a plurality of shaped vertical wires () having a first face () that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second face () opposite the first face (), the shaped wires () being integral with a plurality of horizontal support rings () by their second face (), the shaped wires () and the support rings () defining a plurality of openings. 18111213121114131114815111115. Collector pipe () that is permeable to a gaseous fluid and impermeable to catalyst particles , with an approximately cylindrical shape extending along an approximately vertical axis having a first surface that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second surface opposite the first surface , the pipe comprising a plurality of shaped vertical wires () having a first face () that can be in contact with the catalyst particles and a second face () opposite the first face () , the shaped wires () being integral with a plurality of horizontal support rings () by their second face () , the shaped wires () and the support rings () defining a plurality of openings , characterized in that the pipe () further comprises a plurality of solid fillets () , impermeable to gaseous fluid and to particles , which are integral with the first face of the shaped wires () and/or placed and held between two vertical wires () , and in that the solid fillets () form an angle of inclination a in relation to the horizontal of between 10° and 90°.215. Collector pipe according to claim 1 , wherein the total surface occupied by the solid fillets () is between 1 and 30% of the total surface developed by the pipe claim 1 , preferably between 2 and 20% of the total ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties. 136-. (canceled)37. A method for carbothermically producing a ceramic powder , the method comprising:a) preheating at least one container in a staging zone, wherein the at least one container comprises at least one preform, wherein the preform comprises carbon;b) moving the at least one container into a reactor body, wherein the reactor body comprises a reaction zone;c) carbothermically reacting the at least one preform in the reaction zone thereby producing a ceramic powder, wherein the carbothermically reacting comprises reducing, via the carbon of the preform, a metal compound of the preform to a metal carbide, a metal boride, or a metal nitride; andd) moving the at least one container from the reactor body to a receiving zone.38. The method of claim 37 , comprising flowing claim 37 , during at least the carbothermically reacting step claim 37 , a sweep gas into the at least one container.39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the at least one preform comprises a porosity claim 38 , wherein the flowing comprises flowing the sweep gas through at least one pore of the at least one preform.40. The method of claim ...

UTILIZATION OF GASSES FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS FRAGMENTATION AND ACTIVATION AND RELATED DEVICE

The present invention relates generally to utilising gasses for fragmenting polymeric materials and simultaneously modifying the surface area molecular structure of the said polymeric materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and associated device for the processing of already preliminarily deformed polymeric materials, preferably without metal reinforcing elements, by utilising aggressive gasses to both modify the polymeric materials surface area into an activated state and also simultaneously fragment the fed preliminarily deformed polymeric materials into a powder-like form with a relatively increased surface area. 2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the aggressive gasses are fed with or without a catalyst for the gas-solid reactions.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein feeding aggressive gasses includes controlling the volume of aggressive gas in the reaction chamber by respective application of a partial or full vacuum or admission of air.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the simultaneous polymeric material fragmentation and activation occurs at standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component utilization is a maximum of 4 grams of ozone per 1 kilogram of said preliminarily deformed polymeric material by weight.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component flow rate is a minimal of 1 liter per minute of ozone for every 10 liters of vessel volume.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials being placed into the vessel are of size 5 millimeters or smaller.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials do not contain metal reinforcing elements.9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials are processed in separate batches according to the hardness of the said ...

Powder stirring device

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged.

Liquid phase oxidation of aromatic feedstocks with manganate recycling to produce carboxylic acids

Systems and methods for liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock containing at least one oxidizable aromatic compound may incorporate an oxidation reactor, a separation apparatus in fluidic communication with the oxidation reactor, a solids treatment unit, and a product recovery unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus. The oxidation reactor may conduct liquid-phase oxidation of the oxidizable aromatic compound in the aromatic feedstock in the presence of a manganate salt to form a slurry containing liquid product and solid manganese dioxide. The separation apparatus may accept the slurry from the oxidation reactor and separate the liquid component from the solid component. The solids treatment unit accepts the solid component from the separation apparatus, treats the solid component with a basic liquid to oxidize the manganese dioxide in the solid component and form a regenerated manganate salt, which may be recycled back to the oxidation reactor.

Device for efficient mixing of laminar, low-velocity fluids

A gas delivery system and method for delivering reactants such as a first gas through a first conduit and a second gas through at least one second conduit, for example, through a plurality of second conduits. The plurality of second conduits may each have a length, wherein at least a portion of the length is entirely disposed within the first conduit. In an implementation, the first conduit may deliver carbon monoxide and the one or more second conduits may deliver carbon monoxide doped with a catalyst such as iron pentacarbonyl. The first and second gases may be introduced into a reaction vessel such as a reactor chamber and used to form carbon nanotubes.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE

A method and an apparatus for producing sodium borohydride that have excellent energy efficiency and production efficiency are provided. Using a production apparatus 20 comprising: a cylindrical reaction container 21; a cylindrical reaction portion 22 which is rotatably held in this reaction container 21 and in which sodium metaborate that is a raw material 1 and granular aluminum are housed together with a grinding medium 2; and a hydrogen introduction portion 23 for introducing hydrogen gas into the reaction portion 22 directly or via the reaction container 21, the sodium metaborate and the granular aluminum are reacted under a hydrogen atmosphere, while being rolled and ground with the grinding medium, to obtain sodium borohydride. 1. A method for producing sodium borohydride from sodium metaborate , comprising a step of:reacting sodium metaborate and granular aluminum under a hydrogen atmosphere, while rolling and grinding the sodium metaborate and the granular aluminum using a grinding medium, to obtain sodium borohydride.2. The method for producing sodium borohydride according to claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining sodium borohydride is performed under conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure.3. An apparatus for producing sodium borohydride from sodium metaborate claim 1 , comprising:a cylindrical reaction container;a cylindrical reaction portion which is rotatably held in the reaction container and in which sodium metaborate that is a raw material and granular aluminum are housed together with a grinding medium; anda hydrogen introduction portion for introducing hydrogen gas into the reaction portion directly or via the reaction container, whereina hydrogenation reaction of the sodium metaborate is performed under a hydrogen atmosphere while the reaction portion is rotated to roll and grind the granular aluminum with the grinding medium.4. The apparatus for producing sodium borohydride according to claim 3 , wherein a hole or a slit through ...

HYDROGENATION METHOD FOR INCREASING YIELD OF CYCLOHEXANE-1,4-DICARBOXYLIC ACID DIISOOCTYL ESTER

A hydrogenation method for increasing the yield of cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester is provided. The hydrogenation method uses a hydrogenating reaction tank, which is equipped with a hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer having air-extracting, air-exhausting and mixing functions, to allow hydrogen gas to be uniformly dispersed in a reaction solution. A ruthenium-on-alumina (Ru/AlO) hydrogenation catalyst can be used for carrying out a hydrogenation reaction under gentle conditions. Therefore, the hydrogenation catalyst can be used in a reduced amount, the risk of side reaction(s) can be reduced, and the yield of cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester can reach at least 99% with a cis isomer proportion of at least 85.0%. The hydrogenation method shows extremely high economic benefit. 1. A hydrogenation method for increasing the yield of cyclohexane-1 ,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester , the yield being at least 99.0% with a cis isomer proportion of at least 85.0% , the hydrogenation method comprising:(1) placing a reaction solution into a hydrogenating reaction tank, the reaction solution including 80-100 wt % of dioctyl terephthalate, wherein the hydrogenating reaction tank is equipped with a hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer having air-extracting, air-exhausting and mixing functions;{'sub': 2', '3, '(2) adding a ruthenium-on-alumina (Ru/AlO) hydrogenation catalyst to the reaction solution, the ruthenium-on-alumina hydrogenation catalyst added in an amount of 0.01-15 wt % of the amount of dioctyl terephthalate;'}(3) feeding hydrogen gas into the hydrogenating reaction tank to maintain a hydrogen gas pressure at a constant value of 20-98 bar;(4) activating the hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer of the hydrogenating reaction tank to mix the reaction solution and carrying out a hydrogenation reaction at 120-150° C. for 4-15 hours; and(5) cooling the reaction solution to room temperature and removing the ruthenium-on-alumina hydrogenation ...

BIOMASS STORAGE SYSTEM

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material. 1. An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing , the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid , comprising:a controller configured to control the apparatus;a processing station, the processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material;a storage unit configured to hold a fluid;a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet having a fluid input connected to an output of the storage unit, the liquid outlet positioned to supply the fluid into the processing station for processing the biomass input material into the water storage material;a pump; anda basin, the basin configured to receive the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet, the basin positioned such that the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet passes through the processing station before being received in the basin, the basin operatively connected to an input of the storage unit such that fluid captured in the basin is returned to the storage unit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor configured to detect a status of the biomass input material during processing claim 1 , wherein the sensor further configured to provide a signal indicative of the status of the biomass input material to the controller.3. ...

Method of Flue Gas Denitrification

A method for flue gas denotation includes the step of, in the presence of ammonia, enabling flue gas in a denitration reactor to pass through a plurality of catalyst beds from the bottom to the top to participate in a denitration reaction. Each catalyst bed contains a catalyst support component and a granular denitration catalyst stacked on the catalyst support component, and, in every single catalyst bed, the granular denitration catalyst moves along a same direction on the catalyst support component. Between every two adjacent catalyst beds, the granular denitration catalyst falls from the tail of a previous catalyst support component to the head of a next catalyst support component, making the granular denitration catalyst travel along the catalyst support components reciprocatively. 1. A method of flue gas denitrification , comprising: in the presence of ammonia , passing the flue gas through a plurality of catalyst beds in a denitrification reactor from bottom to top to undergo a denitrification reaction , wherein each catalyst bed comprises a catalyst support component and a granular denitrification catalyst stacked on the catalyst support component; the two catalyst support components in every two adjacent catalyst beds , i.e. an upper catalyst support component and a lower catalyst support component , travel in directions opposite to each other , and the granular denitrification catalyst on the upper catalyst support component moves with the upper catalyst support component to a tail end of the upper catalyst support component , and falls freely by gravity to a head end of the lower catalyst support component.2. A method of flue gas denitrification , comprising: passing flue gas into a denitrification reactor from the bottom of the denitrification reactor , injecting a gas mixture containing ammonia into the flue gas through ammonia injection grilles , and passing a gas flow through a plurality of catalyst beds arranged in a horizontally staggered manner ...

Method for the dehydrogenation of organic molecules

The present application relates to a process for dehydrogenating organic molecules (OM) in a reaction vessel by means of an inductive field, wherein the reaction vessel and its contents are free of platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, iridium, titanium, tantalum or ruthenium.The present invention further relates to a process and to a corresponding reaction vessel for dehydrogenating organic molecules (OM), said process having the following steps:a) feeding the organic molecules (OM) into a reaction vessel (RB),where the reaction vesseli) has been provided with a device for generating an inductive field (IF); andii) comprises a solid loose material (FLM),b) applying an inductive field (IF) and allowing the inductive field (IF) to act on the solid loose material (FLM) and the organic molecules (OM),c) removing the hydrogen from the reaction vessel (RB) during and/or after step b),d) removing the dehydrogenated organic molecules (DOM) from the reaction vessel (RB) during and/or after step b), for example during step c),wherein the solid loose material (FLM)is such that it can couple magnetically to the inductive field (IF) andconsists of a metal (M) or metal alloy (ML) which can couple magnetically to the inductive field (IF) or has an outer layer (Sch) comprising or consisting of a metal (M) or metal alloy (ML)andthe reaction vessel is such that the solid loose material (FLM) can couple to the inductive field (IF) and the solid loose material (FLM) comes into contact with the organic molecules (OM).

ROTARY BOTTOM ASH REGENERATION SYSTEM

A rotary bottom ash regenerating (RBAR) system [ comprises a cylindrical body [] that receives ash [ containing reactant particles [ that are partially reacted limestone compounds having unreacted cores [ from a furnace. Sensors [ sense physical parameters within the cylindrical body [ A controller [ receives the output of the sensors [ and information indicating the amount of unreacted core [ and causes a fluid actuator [ to spray a proper amount of regeneration fluid regulator [ from a plurality of spray nozzles [ to different locations within the cylindrical body [ to regulate the temperature and to cause the reactant particles [ to have a require content of regeneration fluid. This causes the reactant particles [ to be regenerated and reused. This results in a lower limestone costs and less overheating of ash handling systems. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. A rotary bottom ash regeneration (RBAR) system for processing bottom ash having partially reacted reactant particles of a circulating fluidized bed furnace comprising:a cylindrical body adapted to receive said bottom ash at an inlet end and rotate;at least one sensor disposed within the cylindrical body adapted to measure a physical conditions, and create at least one output signal representing the measured physical conditions;at least one spray nozzle adapted to receive a regeneration fluid and spray the regeneration fluid onto the bottom ash in the cylindrical body;a fluid actuator coupled to the at least one spray nozzle adapted to spray a specified amount of regeneration fluid in the cylindrical body when activated; receive the sensor output signal,', 'calculate amounts of regeneration fluid to be provided to the cylindrical body, and', 'activate the fluid actuator to provide the calculated amount of regeneration fluid to the bottom ash in the cylindrical body thereby regenerating the reactant particles ...

DISTILLATE PRODUCTION FROM OLEFINS IN MOVING BED REACTORS

Systems and methods are provided for oligomerization of olefins to distillate boiling range products while also recycling naphtha boiling range olefins as part of the feed. By performing the olefin oligomerization while also recycling naphtha boiling range olefins, it has been discovered that the resulting distillate boiling range products can have an unexpected improvement in diesel combustion quality, such as an unexpected improvement in cetane rating. In order to manage coke formation and maintain consistent activity profile for the oligomerization catalyst, the reaction can be performed in a moving bed reactor. Additional temperature control can be maintained by the recycling of the naphtha boiling range portions of the oligomerization product back to the reactor. 1. A method for upgrading a feed to form distillate boiling range compounds , comprising:passing a catalyst flow comprising an olefin oligomerization catalyst into a first moving bed reactor of a plurality of serially connected moving bed reactors, the olefin oligomerization catalyst comprising a 1-D 10-member ring zeolite;{'sub': 3', '8', '5+, 'exposing an olefin-containing feed comprising C-Colefins and a recycle stream comprising at least 20 wt % C olefins to the catalyst flow in the plurality of moving bed reactors under olefin oligomerization conditions to form an oligomerized effluent, the olefin oligomerization conditions comprising substantially adiabatic operation of the plurality of moving bed reactors and an average reactor temperature of 170° C.-190° C.;'}separating the oligomerized effluent to form a distillate boiling range fraction and one or more lower boiling fractions, the one or more lower boiling fractions comprising the recycle stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin oligomerization conditions comprise a temperature differential across a moving bed reactor of 85° C. or less.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises ZSM-48.4. The ...

BIOMASS STORAGE SYSTEM

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material. 1. An apparatus for detecting a condition of a ground material and placing a water storage material in the ground material , the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid , comprising:a vehicle including a sensor and a burying mechanism;wherein the sensor is configured to detect the condition of the ground material and to provide a sensor signal; andwherein the burying mechanism is configured to bury the water storage material at a burying depth below a surface of the ground material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the condition of the ground material comprises a presence or absence of a previously placed water storage material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the condition of the ground material comprises a presence or absence of water within the ground material.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the burying mechanism is adjustable such that the burying depth is adjustable.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the burying mechanism is adjustable such that the water storage material can be buried at different densities.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is an RFID reader.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a controller claim 1 , the controller is configured to receive the sensor signal from the sensor and is further configured to send a burying signal to the burying mechanism claim 1 , the burying signal ...

RADIAL MULTI-TUBULAR CATALYTIC REACTOR

A reactor () delimited by a shell () extending along a vertical axis: 112. A reactor () delimited by a shell () extending along a vertical axis , comprising:{'b': '10', 'a vessel provided with a reaction zone () containing a bed of catalyst;'}{'b': '3', 'at least one inlet means () for a gaseous feed;'}{'b': 4', '10, 'at least one outlet means () for a gaseous effluent produced in the reaction zone ();'}{'b': '10', 'the reactor comprising, inside the reaction zone (){'b': 9', '11', '12, 'at least two tubes extending substantially vertically over the height of the reaction zone, the tubes being permeable to a gas phase and impermeable to catalyst, each tube () having an upper end () in communication with the inlet means for the feed or with the outlet means for an effluent and an opposed second end (),'}{'b': 9', '24', '14', '2, 'characterized in that the tubes (, ) are supported at their upper end by a first plate () which is secured to the shell (), via a connection assembly providing a pivot and slide type connection.'}2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the bed of catalyst is a fixed bed.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the bed of catalyst is a moving bed and the reactor further comprises:{'b': 7', '10, 'at least one inlet means () for catalyst in order to introduce the catalyst into the upper portion of the reaction zone ();'}{'b': 8', '10, 'at least one outlet means () for catalyst discharging into the lower portion of the reaction zone ().'}41614923242324. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the connection assembly comprises a sleeve () carried by the first plate () and configured in order to receive a tube () claim 1 , and in which the tube and the sleeve respectively comprise a first and a second abutment means ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 , the first and second abutment means ( claim 1 , ) cooperating with each other in a manner such as to limit the displacement of said tube in the sleeve in a vertical downwards direction.52314. ...

Systems for promoting endothermic conversions with oxygen transfer agents

A system for promoting endothermic conversions includes a first and second portion, a first and second supply, a first outlet, and a heat exchanger. The first portion defines a first inner volume containing an oxygen transfer agent. The first supply contains a reducing agent and is fluidly connected to the first inner volume. The first outlet conveys one or more of carbon dioxide, water, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon from the first inner volume. The second portion and the heat exchanger positioned within the second portion define a second inner volume containing reduced oxygen transfer agent. The second supply contains an oxidizing agent fluidly connected to the second inner volume. The heat exchanger also defines a third inner volume segregated from the second inner volume, and the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat resulting from the oxidation of the reduced oxygen transfer agent to the third inner volume.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties. 1. A method for carbothermically producing a ceramic powder , the method comprising: (i) wherein the at least one preform comprises a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises a carbon source and at least one of (a) a metal oxide and (b) boric acid; and', '(ii) wherein the at least one preform comprises at least one gas channel;, 'a) preheating at least one container in a staging zone, wherein the at least one container comprises at least one preform;'}b) moving the at least one container into a reactor body, wherein the reactor body comprises a reaction zone;c) carbothermically reacting the at least one preform in the reaction zone thereby producing a ceramic powder, wherein the carbothermically reacting comprises reducing, via the carbon of the at least one preform, at least one of the metal oxide and the boric acid of the at least one preform to form the ceramic powder, wherein the ceramic powder comprises ceramic particles, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from the group consisting of metal carbide particles, metal boride particles, metal nitride particles, and combinations therefor; andd) moving the ...

Electrospray Device for Fluidized Bed Apparatus, Fluidized Bed Apparatus and Method

The electrospray device comprises a sprayer comprising a sprayer body and nozzle, and a partition positioned vertically and coaxially with the sprayer. The sprayer body is provided with a swirl generator for generating a swirling air stream, and a power supply connected between the nozzle and the partition, to apply voltage to the nozzle and the partition. The electrospray device may be part of a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a product container, a lower plenum base, an air distribution plate resided therebetween. When the power supply applies voltage in opposite polarities to the nozzle and the partition, the fluidized bed apparatus is used for coating particles; and when the power supply applies voltage of the same, the fluidized bed apparatus is used for spray-drying a solution. The electrospray device uses an electromagnetic hydrodynamic method to improve the performance of the fluidized bed apparatus and optimize the process of product.

LIQUID PHASE OXIDATION OF AROMATIC FEEDSTOCKS WITH MANGANATE RECYCLING TO PRODUCE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Systems and methods for liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock containing at least one oxidizable aromatic compound may incorporate an oxidation reactor, a separation apparatus in fluidic communication with the oxidation reactor, a solids treatment unit, and a product recovery unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus. The oxidation reactor may conduct liquid-phase oxidation of the oxidizable aromatic compound in the aromatic feedstock in the presence of a manganate salt to form a slurry containing liquid product and solid manganese dioxide. The separation apparatus may accept the slurry from the oxidation reactor and separate the liquid component from the solid component. The solids treatment unit accepts the solid component from the separation apparatus, treats the solid component with a basic liquid to oxidize the manganese dioxide in the solid component and form a regenerated manganate salt, which may be recycled back to the oxidation reactor. 1. A system for liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock containing at least one oxidizable aromatic compound , the system comprising:an oxidation reactor;a separation apparatus in fluidic communication with the oxidation reactor;a solids treatment unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus and the oxidation reactor; andan alkali stream in fluidic communication with the solids treatment unit; anda product recovery unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus, wherein:the oxidation reactor is adapted to conduct liquid-phase oxidation of the at least one oxidizable aromatic compound in the aromatic feedstock to a carboxylate in the presence of a manganate salt in an alkaline medium to form a slurry comprising a liquid component containing the carboxylate and a solid component containing manganese dioxide;the separation apparatus accepts the slurry from the oxidation reactor and separates the liquid component from the solid component;the product recovery unit ...

MULTI-ZONE REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF ALPHA OLEFIN MONOMERS

The invention relates to a multi-zone reactor for the continuous fluidized bed polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, which multi-zone reactor is operable in condensed mode, which multi-zone reactor comprises a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone and a distribution plate, wherein the second zone contains an inner wall, wherein the third zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the third zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor, wherein the largest diameter of the inner wall of the third zone is larger than the largest diameter of the inner wall of the second zone. 1. A multi-zone reactor suitable for the continuous fluidized bed polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene , which multi-zone reactor is operable in condensed mode , which multi-zone reactor comprises a first zone , a second zone , a third zone , a fourth zone and a distribution plate ,wherein the first zone is separated from the second zone by the distribution plate,wherein the multi-zone reactor is extended in the vertical direction,wherein the second zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the first zone, andwherein the third zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the second zone,and wherein the fourth zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the third zone,wherein the second zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the second zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor,wherein the third zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall ...

Methods for Determining Transition Metal Compound Concentrations in Multicomponent Liquid Systems

Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems. 1. A process for operating a polymerization reactor system , the process comprising:(I) contacting a catalyst system comprising a first transition metal compound, a second transition metal compound, an activator, and an optional co-catalyst, with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in a reactor within the polymerization reactor system under polymerization reaction conditions to produce an olefin polymer; [{'sub': 1', '2, '(i) providing a first reference absorbance profile (F) of the first transition metal compound in a first reference solution at a first known concentration, and a second reference absorbance profile (F) of the second transition metal compound in a second reference solution at a second known concentration;'}, '(ii) submitting a sample of the solution to a sample chamber;', '(iii) irradiating the sample in the chamber with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum;', {'sub': 1', '1', '2', '2, 'sup': '2', '(iv) generating a sample absorbance profile of the sample, and calculating a curve having the formula βF+βFto fit the sample absorbance profile to a least-squares regression fit value (R) of at least 0.9; wherein, {'sub': '1', 'βis a first weighting coefficient;'}, {'sub': '1', 'Fis the first reference absorbance profile of the first transition metal compound in the first reference solution at the first known concentration;'}, {'sub': '2', 'βis a second weighting coefficient; and'}, {'sub': '2', 'Fis the second reference absorbance profile of the second transition metal compound in the second reference solution ...

METHANE ETHANE CRACKERS

A process for producing olefins by cracking paraffins in the presence of methane. In the conventional steam cracking processes for olefin production, steam is used as a diluent in the feed mixture to the thermal cracker. In the processes provided herein, methane replaces steam as a diluent in the feed mixture to the thermal cracker. Replacing steam with methane as a diluent has a potential for cost savings in the construction and operation of a thermal cracking plant for olefin production. In addition, it leads to a much simpler cracking process compared to the conventional steam cracking technology as in the state of the art. 1. A process for converting paraffins to olefins , comprising:passing a feed stream containing methane and one or more paraffins to a cracker, wherein the feed stream comprises 30 mol % to about 95 mol % methane;converting at least a portion of the one or more paraffins to one or more olefins to provide a product stream comprising the one or more olefins and the methane.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracker comprises a plurality of tubes placed inside a fired furnace.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracker operates adiabatically.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracker operates at a temperature of 500° C. to about 1 claim 1 ,000° C. claim 1 , and a pressure of about 1 atm to about 30 atm.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the residence time through the tubes is between 0.001 to 10 seconds.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a majority of the methane from the feed stream prior to passing the feed stream to the cracker.7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the methane from the product stream and recycling the separated methane to the feed stream prior to passing the feed stream to the cracker.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the use of catalysts in the cracker is not required.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracker contains a catalyst ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBING RESIN PARTICLES

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. A product with further stable physical properties can thereby be acquired. 1. A method for producing water-absorbing resin particles , the method comprising a surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor , the water-absorbing resin particle precursor including unreacted monomers , whereinthe surface cross-linking treatment is conducted by an apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles, andthe apparatus includes:a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted;a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container;a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container;a decompressing device that reduces a pressure in the treatment container; anda spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the ...

A high temperature reactor and method of producing nanostructures

A method of producing nanostructures by supplying particulate solid and gaseous reactants to a reactor, heating the reactor to an elevated temperature and causing relative movement of the solid reactants such as to promote the growth of nanostructures. A high temperature reactor for performing the method includes a reactor chamber having an inlet and an outlet, multiple drums for accommodating solid reactant material, a drive system that causes rotation of the drums and a heating system for heating the chamber. 1. A method of producing nanostructures comprising the steps of:i. supplying particulate solid reactants to a reactor;ii. supplying reactant gas to the reactor;iii. heating the reactor to an elevated temperature; andiv. causing relative movement of the solid reactants such as to promote the growth of nanostructures.2. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are rotated in the reactor.3. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are contained within one or more drum that is rolled within the reactor.4. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are rotated within a rotational reactor.5. A method of producing Silicon Nitride nanostructures comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'i. supplying solid reactants to a reactor including a carbon source and SiO;'}ii. supplying reactant gas to the reactor and maintaining a reactant gas flow rate of between 2 to 50 cm/min; andiii. heating the reactor to an elevated temperature.6. A method as claimed in wherein carbon monoxide concentration is maintained below 10%.7. A method as claimed in or wherein the cycle time of the solid reactants through the reactor is 4 to 12 hours.8. A method as claimed in or wherein the cycle time of the solid reactants through the reactor is 4 to 6 hours.9. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the reactant gas flow rate is between 2 to 30 cm/min.10. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the reactant gas flow rate is between 4 to 10 cm/min.11. A method ...

METHOD OF PREPARING CORE-SHELL PARTICLES

A method of manufacturing core-shell particles comprises: filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of a non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside; rotating the rotor after terminating the filling; forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates; supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed; separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; and drying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating. 1. A method of manufacturing core-shell particles , the method comprising:filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of an non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside;rotating the rotor after terminating the filling;forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates;supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed;separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; anddrying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein as the liquid comprising the core-shell particles separated at the separating claim 1 , a reactant in a normal state within the reactor is used.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein lithium chloride ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ENERGY PRODUCTS BY CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A HYDROCARBON-BASED SOLID MATERIAL WITHOUT COKE FORMATION

The invention relates to a process for producing energy products, notably fuel, by catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon-based solid material without coke formation, in which a cracking dispersion () is heated, said dispersion comprising:

CONTINUOUS SLURRY-BED TANK REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING SAME

A continuous slurry-bed tank reactor, comprising a tank reactor body, an agitator, and tubular separation membranes. A method of using the continuous slurry-bed tank reactor comprising adding a catalyst, feeding reactants, stopping feeding the reactants, starting a heating system, changing directions of the reactants flowing through the tubular separation membranes. 187. A continuous slurry-bed tank reactor , comprising a tank reactor body () , an agitator () and tubular separation membranes , wherein{'b': 8', '10', '8', '5', '8', '12', '8', '11', '8, 'the tank reactor body () is respectively equipped with a thermocouple () for measuring an internal temperature of the tank reactor body (), a liquid level gauge () for measuring a liquid level inside the tank reactor body (), a third pressure gauge () for measuring an internal pressure of the tank reactor body (), and a gas flow controller () for measuring a gas flow rate into the tank reactor body ();'}{'b': 7', '8', '8', '8, 'the agitator () comprises an agitation motor, an agitation shaft and an agitation impeller; the agitation motor is set up at a center over the tank reactor body (); a rotor of the agitation motor is vertically downwards installed; one end of the agitation shaft is fixedly connected with the rotor of the agitation motor, and another end thereof penetrates through an upper cap of the tank reactor body () and extends to a bottom of the tank reactor body (); the agitation impeller is located at a bottom of the agitation shaft;'}{'b': 9', '6', '3', '9', '6', '3', '13', '14', '15', '14', '2', '1', '2', '3, 'the tubular separation membranes comprise an A tubular separation membrane () and a B tubular separation membrane (), which are respectively vertically downwards positioned on two sides of the agitation shaft; a first opening and a second opening of the continuous slurry-bed tank reactor are respectively communicated with two transversely symmetrical ports of a four-way valve (); the A tubular ...

SYSTEM FOR TREATING CONTAMINATED SOIL

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere. 1. A system for treating contaminated soil , comprising:a. an agitation unit adapted for agitating a soil-gas mixture having a soil inlet, a soil outlet, an ozone gas inlet and a gas-particulates mixture outlet;b. a source of ozone connected to the ozone gas inlet; andc. a vacuum pump connected to the gas-particulates mixture outlet such that the vacuum pump can maintain the system under negative pressure.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gas flushing unit connected to the soil outlet adapted for receiving ozone-treated soil and removing ozone from the ozone-treated soil.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit further comprises a second gas inlet capable of receiving gas from a second source of gas.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the gas received from the second source of gas comprises heated air or steam.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit further comprises an inlet capable of receiving a composition selected from the group consisting of polymers claim 1 , surfactants claim 1 , solvents claim 1 , oxidizers and combinations thereof to the agitating unit.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit is a rotating drum claim 1 , rotary kiln claim 1 , pug mill claim 1 , screw type mixer claim 1 , fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , or shaking conveyor belt.7. The system ...

Fixed bed or moving bed reactors with a radial flow of process stream to be treated, comprising improved internals

The present invention concerns reactors with a radial flow of process stream to be treated comprising improved internals which can be used to minimize the catalytic zones which do not receive any of the process stream which is to be treated. The invention also concerns the use of these radial flow reactors in refining or petrochemical processes.

Feed distribution apparatus for moving bed reactor

A feed distribution apparatus and method of using such an apparatus are provided for introducing a three-phase flow into a moving bed reactor that is operated under co-current flow conditions. The feed distribution apparatus can allow for separate introduction of liquid and solids in a manner that allows for even distribution of liquid within the solids. The gas portion of the flow can be introduced in any of a variety of convenient manners for distributing gas into a liquid or solid flow.

MOVING BED REACTOR FOR PROCESSING THREE PHASE FLOWS

A moving bed reactor is provided that can allow facilitate performing a reaction involving a three-phase flow under co-axial flow conditions for the solid and liquid portions of the three phase flow, while the gas portion of the three-phase flow is exposed to the solids under radial flow conditions. Methods for using such a moving bed reactor to perform a reaction, such as upgrading of a feed to distillate products, are also provided. 1. A moving bed reactor , comprising:a reactor comprising an annular outer volume, an annular solids volume inside the annular outer volume, a first central conduit inside of the annular solids volume, and an inner central conduit inside the first central conduit, the annular solids volume comprising a plurality of perforations providing vapor communication between the annular outer volume and the first central conduit;a central gas opening in fluid communication with the outer annular volume;a plurality of solids inlet conduits in solids flow communication with the annular solids volume;one or more distributor plates comprising distributor plate concave volumes, a plurality of the distributor plate concave volumes being arranged around each of the solids inlet conduits, each distributor plate concave volume comprising one or more orifices providing fluid communication between each distributor plate concave volume and the annular solids volume;a plurality of liquid inlet conduits in fluid communication with the distributor plate concave volumes;a gas exit conduit in fluid communication with the inner central volume;a liquid exit conduit in fluid communication with the outer central volume; anda solids exit volume in solids flow communication with a bottom of the solids annular volume, the solids exit volume further comprising a stripping gas inlet and a stripping gas outlet, the stripping gas outlet providing fluid communication with the outer central volume.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the one or more distributor plates further ...

Methods for determining transition metal compound concentrations in multicomponent liquid systems

Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems.

Methods for determining transition metal compound concentrations in multicomponent liquid systems

Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems.

Multi-zone reactor for continuous polymerization of alpha olefin monomers

The invention relates to a multi-zone reactor suitable for the continuous fluidized bed polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, which multi-zone reactor is operable in condensed mode, which multi-zone reactor comprises a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone and a distribution plate, wherein the first zone is separated from the second zone by the distribution plate, wherein the multi-zone reactor is extended in the vertical direction wherein the second zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the first zone and wherein the third zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the second zone, and wherein the fourth zone of the multi-zone reactor is located above the third zone wherein the second zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the second zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor wherein the third zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the third zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor wherein the largest diameter of the inner wall of the third zone is larger than the largest diameter of the inner wall of the second zone.

Light treatment of chromium catalysts and related catalyst preparation systems and polymerization processes

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index.

Modified supported chromium catalysts and ethylene-based polymers produced therefrom

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

Light treatment of chromium catalysts and related catalyst preparation systems and polymerization processes

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index.

Light treatment of chromium catalysts and related catalyst preparation systems and polymerization processes

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index.

Inlet system for settled bed polymerization reactors

Methods for supplying solid catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

Process improvements in selective ethylene oligomerizations

Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising an N 2 -phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N 2 -phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N 2 -phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and ii) an aluminoxane. Ethylene can be contacted with an organic reaction medium to form an ethylene feedstock mixture prior to contact with the catalyst system. The ethylene feedstock mixture can be contacted with the catalyst system inside or outside of the reaction zone.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

본 발명은 예비중합체 및/또는 중합체를 생산하기 위하여, 반응기(8), 압축기(400), 냉각 단위(5) 및 외부 파이프(11)를 함유하여, 적어도 하나의 단량체가 에틸렌 또는 프로필렌인 하나 이상의 α-올레핀 단량체를 연속 중합시키기에 적합한 시스템으로서, 반응기가 상단 재순환 스트림(40)을 위한 제1 출구를 함유하고, 시스템이 상단 재순환 스트림을 바닥 재순환 스트림으로 응축시키기 위한 장치를 함유하며, 반응기가 바닥 재순환 스트림(10)을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구를 함유하고, 바닥 재순환 스트림을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구가 분배판(6) 아래에 위치하며, 반응기가 바닥 재순환 스트림을 기체/액체 상 및 액체상으로 분리하기 위한 일체형 분리기(9)를 함유하고, 일체형 분리기가 분배판(6) 아래에 위치하며, 일체형 분리기의 제1 입구가 액체상의 제1 출구에 연결되어 있고, 액체상의 제1 출구가 액체상 반응기의 제2 출구에 연결되어 있으며, 반응기의 제2 출구가 액체 상을 외부 파이프(11)의 제1 입구로 제공하고, 외부 파이프가 고체 중합 촉매(20)를 수용하기 위한 제2 입구를 함유하며, 외부 파이프의 제1 출구는 예비중합체 및/또는 중합체를 함유하는 슬러리 상을 수용하기 위한 반응기의 제2 입구에 연결되어 있고, 반응기는 폴리올레핀(30)을 제공하기 위한 제3 출구를 함유하며, 시스템이 공급물(60)을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구 및 경우에 따라 공급물(70)을 수용하기 위한 제2 입구를 함유하는, 시스템에 관한 것이다. The present invention comprises a reactor (8), a compressor (400), a cooling unit (5) and an outer pipe (11) for producing prepolymers and/or polymers, comprising at least one or more monomers wherein at least one monomer is ethylene or propylene. A system suitable for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers, wherein the reactor contains a first outlet for a top recycle stream (40) and the system contains an apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream to a bottoms recycle stream, the reactor comprising: It contains a first inlet for receiving the bottoms recycle stream (10), the first inlet for receiving the bottoms recycle stream is located below the distribution plate (6) and the reactor divides the bottoms recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase. It contains an integral separator (9) for separating into the liquid phase, the integral separator (6) is located below the distribution plate (6), the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to the first outlet of the liquid phase, and the first outlet of the liquid phase is the liquid phase. connected to the second outlet of the reactor, the second outlet of the reactor providing the liquid phase to the first inlet of the outer pipe (11), ...

Ethylene separation with temperature swing adsorption

A process for component separation in a polymer production system, comprising (a) separating a polymerization product stream into a gas stream and a polymer stream, (b) contacting the polymer stream with a purge gas to yield a purged polymer and a spent purge gas comprising purge gas, ethylene, and ethane, (c) contacting the spent purge gas with a temperature swing adsorber contactor (TSAC) to yield a loaded TSAC, wherein at least a portion of the ethylene is adsorbed by the TSAC at a first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethylene, wherein a portion of the ethane is adsorbed by the TSAC at the first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethane, (d) heating the loaded TSAC to a second temperature to yield a regenerated TSAC, and (e) contacting the regenerated TSAC with a sweeping gas stream to yield a recovered adsorbed gas stream comprising sweeping gas, recovered ethylene and recovered ethane.

Ethylene separation with temperature swing adsorption

A process for component separation in a polymer production system, comprising (a) separating a polymerization product stream into a gas stream and a polymer stream, (b) contacting the polymer stream with a purge gas to yield a purged polymer and a spent purge gas comprising purge gas, ethylene, and ethane, (c) contacting the spent purge gas with a temperature swing adsorber contactor (TSAC) to yield a loaded TSAC, wherein at least a portion of the ethylene is adsorbed by the TSAC at a first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethylene, wherein a portion of the ethane is adsorbed by the TSAC at the first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethane, (d) heating the loaded TSAC to a second temperature to yield a regenerated TSAC, and (e) contacting the regenerated TSAC with a sweeping gas stream to yield a recovered adsorbed gas stream comprising sweeping gas, recovered ethylene and recovered ethane.

Gas phase polymerization and reactor assembly comprising a fluidized bed reactor and an external moving bed reactor

The present invention relates to a reactor assembly for the catalytic polymerization of olefin monomer and optionally comonomer(s) comprising at least one fluidized bed reactor (1) and at least one moving bed reactor (2) adjacent to the fluidized bed reactor (1), wherein the moving bed reactor (2)comprises an inlet at the upper section of the moving bed reactor (2) which is directly connected to an outlet of the fluidized bed reactor (1), and an outlet at the lower section of the moving bed reactor (2) which is directly connected to an inlet of the fluidized bed reactor (1) by means of a conveying pipe (5), and said conveying pipe is provided with means (7) for pneumatically displacing polymer particles from said outlet of moving bed reactor (2) to said inlet of the fluidized bed reactor (1), which pneumatic displacing means (7) comprises an inlet for pneumatic gas to said conveying pipe (5), wherein the reactor assembly is characterized in that said conveying pipe (5) follows a horizontal or declining direction from said outlet of the moving bed reactor (2) to said inlet of the fluidized bed reactor (1), said conveying pipe (5) has a length of not longer than three times the diameter of the moving bed reactor (2). It also relates to a process for producing olefin polymers by catalytically polymerizing olefin monomer and optionally comonomer(s) in at least one interconnected fluidized bed reactor and the use of the reactor assembly for the production of an olefin polymer.

Feed inlet floor for mobile bed reactors

To achieve better distribution of the fluid and optimal flow of bulk products, the feed inlet floor of a mobile bed reactor comprises parallel cellular bulk feed hoppers (9A) covering the surfaces or funnel-shaped bulk discharge chutes (9B), the side walls (14A and 14B) of which are provided with openings (16A and 16B) for the passage of feed fluid above which roof-shaped feed distribution elements (18A; 18B; 18C) opening downward are arranged on the inner surface of the hoppers or chutes so as to project from the said surface. For flat, parallel flow of the bulk product, it is particularly advantageous that the distribution elements are arranged so that they also lie, in the direction of flow of the product, above the outlet openings (26A and 26B) for the latter in the hoppers or chutes and therefore preferably cover the entire surface region of the opening in the form of a roof. This type of feed inlet floor is advantageously used, amongst others, by adding to the intake fluid in the region of the said floor, another fluid component, for fluid treatment purposes, which then initiates a desired reaction in the region of fluid treatment and/or by extracting the bulk product from the reactor in cycles and in quantities corresponding to the contaminated layer of the product in the region of fluid treatment, and/or by using as intake fluid a gas or gaseous mixture the dew point of which is not attained at least in the lower horizontal region of the region of fluid treatment. This non-attainment of the dew point is judiciously achieved by means of the feed inlet floor and makes it possible to carry out the fluid treatment in two phases, namely a first wet phase and a second dry phase.

Multi-zone reactor for continuous polymerization of alpha olefin monomers

The invention relates to a multi-zone reactor for the continuous fluidized bed polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, which multi-zone reactor is operable in condensed mode, which multi-zone reactor comprises a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone and a distribution plate, wherein the second zone contains an inner wall, wherein the third zone contains an inner wall, wherein at least part of the inner wall of the third zone is either in the form of a gradually increasing inner diameter or a continuously opening cone, wherein the diameter or the opening increases in the vertical direction towards the top of the multi-zone reactor, wherein the largest diameter of the inner wall of the third zone is larger than the largest diameter of the inner wall of the second zone.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

The invention relates to a system suitable for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene comprising a reactor (8), a compressor (400), a cooling unit (5) and an external pipe (11) for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (40), wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (10), wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (6), wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator (1) for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid and a liquid phase, wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (6), wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the second outlet of the reactor provides the liquid phase to the first inlet of the external pipe (11), wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst (20), wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor for receiving a slurry phase comprising the prepolymer and/or polymer, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet for providing polyolefin (30), wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed (60) and optionally a second inlet for receiving a feed (70).

Atomizing feed for cracking unit

A method for introducing a heavy oil feedstock into a catalytic cracking unit is disclosed which comprises forming the oil feed into a sheet of flowing fluid and breaking down the sheet of oil by mixing the oil with a sheet of atomizing gas flowing normally to the sheet of oil.

Apparatus for injecting liquid hydrocarbon feed and steam into a catalytic cracking zone

An apparatus for atomizing a liquid hydrocarbon feed and injecting it into a reaction zone, such as a riser conversion zone or a dense fluid bed reactor of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, is disclosed. The hydrocarbon feed passes through a central passage with steam flowing concurrently in a concentrically aligned passage. By providing a flow restriction means in each hydrocarbon passage and each steam passage, substantially equal quantities of hydrocarbon and steam can be supplied to each of a plurality of hydrocarbon-steam nozzles so as to provide a uniform dispersion of small droplets of hydrocarbons.

Methods for supplying solid catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with α-olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

用于α-烯烃单体的连续聚合的多区段反应器

本发明涉及适合于一种或多种α‑烯烃单体的连续流化床聚合的多区段反应器，所述单体的至少一种为乙烯或丙烯，所述多区段反应器可在冷凝模式下运行，所述多区段反应器包括第一区段、第二区段、第三区段、第四区段和分配板，其中所述第一区段与所述第二区段被所述分配板分开，其中所述多区段反应器在竖直方向上延伸，其中所述多区段反应器的所述第二区段位于所述第一区段之上，和其中所述多区段反应器的所述第三区段位于所述第二区段之上，和其中所述多区段反应器的所述第四区段位于所述第三区段之上，其中所述第二区段包含内壁，其中所述第二区段的所述内壁的至少一部分呈逐渐增加的内部直径的形式或是连续开口锥体，其中所述直径或所述开口在朝向所述多区段反应器顶部的竖直方向上增加，其中所述第三区段包含内壁，其中所述第三区段的所述内壁的至少一部分呈逐渐增加的内部直径的形式或是连续开口锥体，其中所述直径或所述开口在朝向所述多区段反应器顶部的竖直方向上增加，其中所述第三区段的所述内壁的最大直径大于所述第二区段的所述内壁的最大直径。

Substance carrying conglomerate

A conglomerate of controlled relative density carrying or for carrying at least one active substance for use in a fluid, a method of producing said conglomerate, a fluid bed reactor using such conglomerates, and use of said conglomerate e.g. in solid phase processes, in materials for treating waste water and polluted waters, and in materials for foods, medicals, and vaccines for fish and other animals living in water.

GAS-LIQUID BUBBLING BED REACTOR, REACTION SYSTEM, AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING CARBONATE ESTER

The present invention discloses a gas-liquid bubbling bed reactor, comprising a liquid distributor, a gas distributor located below the liquid distributor, a catalyst bed layer and a catalyst support plate, and an optional interception screen, wherein the top of the reactor is provided with a gas outlet, the reactor is provided with a feed inlet connected to the liquid distributor, a gas inlet connected to the gas distributor, the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet. The present invention further provides a reaction system, which comprises the gas-liquid bubbling bed reactor as the main reactor and a sub-reactor. Through the system and the process of the present invention, the problems of the low conversion rate, the gas binding of the circulating pump, the unstable operation, the low yield of electronic-grade products, and the like in the carbonate synthesis process are solved purposedly targetedly, and the present invention can be applied to related industrial production. 1. A gas-liquid bubbling bed reactor , comprising a liquid distributor , a gas distributor located below the liquid distributor , a catalyst bed layer and a catalyst support plate , and an optional interception screen , wherein the top of the reactor is provided with a gas outlet , the reactor is provided with a feed inlet connected to the liquid distributor , a gas inlet connected to the gas distributor , the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet , and the catalyst bed is loaded with a heterogeneous catalyst.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the liquid distributor is located in the upper part of the reactor claim 1 , the gas distributor is located in the middle or lower part of the reactor claim 1 , and the interception screen is located above the catalyst bed.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising: a circulating pump claim 1 , which is located between the discharge outlet and the feed inlet of the reactor; a mixer claim 1 , which is located ...

Process for the production of alkoxylates

The present invention refers to a process for the production of alkoxylates by reacting at least one monomeric educt in the presence of a catalyst and a starting material in at least one first reactor (11) equipped with a first circulation loop (10) and thereafter passing the product of the first circulation loop (10) to at least one second reactor (22) equipped with a second circulation loop (25), wherein the first reactor (11) comprises a smaller volume than the second reactor (22) and wherein in the first reactor (11) a pre-polymer is produced which thereafter is passed to the second reactor (22), wherein the desired polymer is produced. The present invention provides an improved process for the production of alkoxylates with a high growth ratio and without the need of interim storage of the pre-polymer produced in the first reactor.

Polymerization process for olefins

The present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of olefin monomers in the presence of a catalyst system, using a tubular pre-polymerization reactor, wherein the tubular pre-polymerization reactor has a length L and the flow of a catalyst system is introduced in the tubular pre-polymerization reactor in the middle (30-70% of L) or the end (70-95% of L) of the tubular pre-polymerization reactor.

Systems Using Mass Flow Promoting Insert with Gas Purging and Methods Thereof

A system in one embodiment includes a barrier; an inverted cone in the barrier; and a member under the inverted cone and having dimensions that cause solids passing therealong between the member and the barrier to have about a constant velocity profile thereacross. A method for purging a gas from a solid/gas mixture according to one embodiment includes adding solids to a barrier having an inverted cone therein and a member under the inverted cone, wherein the solids passing along the member have about a constant vertical velocity profile thereacross; and injecting a purge gas into the solids from at least one point adjacent the member.

Systems using mass flow promoting insert with gas purging and methods thereof

A system in one embodiment includes a barrier; an inverted cone in the barrier; and a member under the inverted cone and having dimensions that cause solids passing therealong between the member and the barrier to have about a constant velocity profile thereacross. A method for purging a gas from a solid/gas mixture according to one embodiment includes adding solids to a barrier having an inverted cone therein and a member under the inverted cone, wherein the solids passing along the member have about a constant vertical velocity profile thereacross; and injecting a purge gas into the solids from at least one point adjacent the member.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

一种流体分布器、制备方法及其用途

本发明涉及到一种流体分布器，由支撑板及其上加工的流体通道组成，支撑板上表面包含非水平面。该流体分布器可由金属材料、高分子材料以及无机非金属材料一种及其组合经过铸造、旋压、挤压、冲压、冲孔、冲切、锻压、磨削、切削、焊接、热压、烧结、真空烧结、无压烧结、气氛烧结、热压烧结、3D打印、注射成型、激光切割、喷砂加工、喷水切割和/或热切割中的一种及其组合加工而成，用于流体进入另一种物质，以提高流体与物质的混合、扩散、输送以及能量的传递和/或转移的效率。

Process for the production of alkoxylates

The present invention refers to a process for the production of alkoxylates by reacting at least one monomeric educt in the presence of a catalyst and a starting material in at least one first reactor (11) equipped with a first circulation loop (10) and thereafter passing the product of the first circulation loop (10) to at least one second reactor (22) equipped with a second circulation loop (25), wherein the first reactor (11) comprises a smaller volume than the second reactor (22) and wherein in the first reactor (11) a pre- polymer is produced which thereafter is passed to the second reactor (22), wherein the desired polymer is produced. The present invention provides an improved process for the production of alkoxylates with a high growth ratio and without the need of interim storage of the pre-polymer produced in the first reactor.

Catalyst regeneration

Catalytic regenerators, nozzle designs and processes suitable for introducing regeneration air into a catalytic cracking unit which substantially reduce erosion induced nozzle failures include at least one nozzle which has at least one planar surface generally parallel to the nozzle's longitudinal axis.

Process improvements in selective ethylene oligomerizations

Molecular sieve catalyst reformer and method

Light Treatment of Chromium Catalysts and Related Catalyst Preparation Systems and Polymerization Processes

Catalyst preparation systems and methods for preparing reduced chromium catalysts are disclosed, and can comprise irradiating a supported chromium catalyst containing hexavalent chromium with a light beam having a wavelength within the UV-visible light spectrum. Such reduced chromium catalysts have improved catalytic activity compared to chromium catalysts reduced by other means. The use of the reduced chromium catalyst in polymerization reactor systems and olefin polymerization processes also is disclosed, resulting in polymers with a higher melt index.

Modified supported chromium catalysts and ethylene-based polymers produced therefrom

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.