СПОСОБ ДЕПАРАФИНИЗАЦИИ И ДЕАРОМАТИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА В СУСПЕНЗИОННОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

Изобретение относится к способу получения углеводородной текучей среды и включает стадию каталитического гидрирования углеводородной фракции при совместном присутствии катализатора деароматизации и катализатора депарафинизации в едином суспензионном реакторе. Количество катализатора деароматизации составляет от 0,1 до 6 мас.% по отношению к массе углеводородной фракции, и количество катализатора депарафинизации составляет от 0,1 до 6 мас.% по отношению к массе углеводородной фракции, где углеводородная фракция имеет содержание серы ниже 15 ч./млн, где температура реакции находится в диапазоне от 180 до 325°C. Технический результат - улучшенные свойства низкотемпературной текучести и низкое содержание ароматических соединений, требует меньших расходов, в частности имеет повышенную степень превращения. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл., 1 ил., 2 пр.

РЕАКТОР ПИРОЛИЗА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к устройству для осуществления пиролиза биомассы. Устройство содержит реактор с корпусом и образованной в нем реакторной камерой; первый подающий трубопровод для материала, включающего биомассу, сообщающийся с верхней зоной указанной реакторной камеры; второй подводящий трубопровод для нагретого материала, служащего теплоносителем, сообщающийся с верхней зоной реакторной камеры; первый отводящий трубопровод для пиролитического газа, сообщающийся с верхней зоной указанной реакторной камеры, расположенный на некотором расстоянии от первого подающего трубопровода; и второй отводящий трубопровод для твердого материала и материала, являющегося теплоносителем, сообщающийся с нижней частью реакторной камеры. Устройство характеризуется тем, что в реакторной камере размещена механическая мешалка с целью смешивания поступающего потока материала, включающего биомассу, с поступающим потоком предварительно нагретого материала, служащего теплоносителем; и максимальная средняя скорость ...

РЕАКЦИОННАЯ ЕМКОСТЬ

Изобретение относится к реакционной емкости для стабилизации температуры жидкой смеси веществ. Реакционная емкость (1), предназначенная для температурной стабилизации жидкой смеси веществ (12), включает верхнюю часть (2) емкости и нижнюю часть (15) емкости. Верхняя часть (2) емкости конструктивно выполнена таким образом, чтобы ее габаритные размеры превышали габаритные размеры нижней части (15) емкости. Нижняя часть (15) емкости снабжена погружным насосом (13) и перемешивающим устройством, а также внутренним устройством прямого охлаждения (9), внешним устройством непрямого охлаждения (10) и внутренним устройством прямого нагревания (9) и внешним устройством непрямого нагревания (10), соединенными с системой терморегулирования. Технический результат: поддержание постоянной температуры жидкой смеси веществ в процессе реакции. 3 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ МОДИФИКАЦИИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА И СПОСОБ

Изобретение относится к устройствам и к их использованию. Описан способ модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита в устройстве для модификации катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, включающий введение катализатора на основе молекулярного сита, на основе молекулярного сита HZSM-5 и HZSM-11 и модификатора в модифицирующий блок, соответственно, через питающий блок, причем катализатор модифицируют посредством модификатора в модифицирующем блоке и затем выпускают в охлаждающий блок для охлаждения до температуры, составляющей менее чем 50°C, и затем охлаждаемый модифицированный катализатор перемещают в любое устройство для хранения, причем модификацию осуществляют в атмосфере инертного газа при температуре в диапазоне от 150 до 600°C в течение времени модификации в диапазоне от 0 до 10 ч; модификатор представляет собой по меньшей мере один модификатор, выбранный из фосфорного реагента, силилирующего реагента и толуола. Технический результат - возможность применения способа модификации ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ДЕПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

... 1. Способ регенерации мономерных сложных эфиров замещенной или незамещенной акриловой кислоты, мономерного стирола и/или мономерных производных стирола из содержащего соответствующие структурные единицы полимерного материала, причем осуществляют контакт полимерного материала с теплоносителем в обогреваемом реакторе (1; 51), теплоноситель и полимерный материал в реакторе (1; 51) приводят в движение и образующийся в реакторе (1; 51), содержащий мономер газ выводят из реактора (1; 51), причем теплоноситель состоит из множества сферических частиц (67), прежде всего обладающих диаметром от 0,075 до 0,25 мм. 2. Способ по п.1, причем полимерный материал содержит акриловые соединения и средняя температура частиц (67) теплоносителя в реакторе (1; 51) составляет от 250 до 600°С. 3. Способ по п.1, причем реактор (1; 51) имеет электрообогрев. 4. Способ по одному из пп.1-3, причем сферические частицы (67) выполнены из материала, не участвующего в протекающих при регенерации мономера реакциях. 5. Способ ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ГАЗ ПУТЕМ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

... 1. Устройство для газификации с нижней тягой, включающее:продолговатый внешний резервуар,продолговатый внутренний резервуар, где указанный внутренний резервуар расположен внутри указанного внешнего резервуара, в результате чего образуется полость между указанным внутренним резервуаром и указанным внешним резервуаром,загрузочный механизм, включающий продолговатый корпус загрузочного механизма и подающее исходный материал устройство для перемещения указанного исходного материала вдоль указанного продолговатого корпуса загрузочного механизма,корпус газогенератора с внутренней поверхностью и внешней поверхностью,камеру сгорания,газоотвод имеханизм для выгрузки шлака.2. Устройство по п. 1, в котором указанный корпус газогенератора отличается наличием оси и дополнительно включает верхний край, нижний край и множество щелей, расположенных вдоль указанного корпуса газогенератора, где каждая из указанного множества щелей отличается наличием верхнего края щели и нижнего края щели.3. Устройство по ...

РЕАКЦИОННАЯ ЕМКОСТЬ

СПОСОБ ДЕПАРАФИНИЗАЦИИ И ДЕАРОМАТИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА В СУСПЕНЗИОННОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

Modulierbares Universalverfahren zur Herstellung von Syntheseprodukten

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur chemischen Umsetzung von Stoffgemischen, die aus festen und flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen hergestellt werden, zu Gas-Dampf-Gemischen und kohlenstoffhaltigen Stoffen durch thermische Einwirkungen, Katalyse und verfahrenstechnische Prozesse und eine Vorrichtung bestehend aus an sich bekannten mantelbeheizten vertikal und horizontal angeordneten Reaktoren mit Fördereinrichtungen und weiteren Apparaten in einer verfahrenstechnischen Schaltung.

METHODE UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR KUEHLUNG VON FESTEN TEILCHEN.

Waermebehandlungsanlage

Verfahren zur Herstellung oxidativ vernetzter Polyarylensulfide

Precipitated silica for use, e.g., in tires, battery separators or anti-blocking agents is produced in Taylor reactor fed with aqueous silicate solution and acidifying agent

The inlet(s) of a Taylor reactor comprising an outer reactor with an inner rotor, and used for the production of precipitated silica, is(are) fed with an aqueous silicate solution and an acidifying agent. An Independent claim is included for the precipitated silica.

An electrical induction heating assembly

An electrical induction heating assembly

POLYOLEFIN TREATMENT FOR THE SEPARATION OF VOLATILE MATERIAL

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR the PRODUCTION FROM MERCURY SULFIDE TO attaching ends the DISPOSAL

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR the PRODUCTION FROM MERCURY SULFIDE TO attaching ends the DISPOSAL

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLYOLEFIN JUNKS FOR HYDROCARBONS AND PLANT FOR EXECUTION THIS PROCEDURE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF REACTION TEMPERATURES

CATALYTIC PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF REACTION TEMPERATURES

A continuous reaction device for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

Abstract The present invention pertains to the technical field of energy resource chemical industry, and in particular relates to a continuous reaction device and process for synthesizing 5 polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The continuous reaction device comprises multiple slurry bed stirred tank reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform separation of the reaction mixture from the 0 catalyst. Each of the tank reactors is provided with an axial-flow stirring paddle having 2-6 blades per layer, to ensure sufficient mixing of the reactants with the catalyst. By using a distributed control pattern of reaction temperature and feedstock supplying to enhance the process and to optimize the operation, the reaction device of the present invention ...

DEPOLYMERIZATION PROCESSES, APPARATUSES AND CATALYSTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION THEREWITH

The present disclosure generally rates to processes, apparatuses and custom catalysts designed to depolymerize a poymer. n embodiment, the present invention rates to a deolymerzin apparatus. catalysts and react ion schemes to obtain useful monomers ieudircg fuel products byIn siati reactions using coupled electromagec induction. 3 ?~ 'N / s fl IL N- \ NN~3 ' '1 Ni t K -~ 'N 'N. ~'Nx k' ~.'. 1 m ~ C) '1 Nt N> ...

DEVICE FOR PREPARING BIO-OIL, SYSTEM FOR PREPARING BIO-OIL AND METHOD FOR PREPARING BIO-OIL USING THE SAME

A device for preparing bio-oil, a system for preparing bio-oil and a method for preparing bio-oil using the same are provided. Biomass is supplied to an inclined portion of a reactor, and high-temperature hot sand is supplied to an upper side of the biomass supplied to the inclined portion. Then, a heater heats the inclined portion. Thus, the fast pyrolysis performance of the biomass can be enhanced, thereby increasing the yield of bio-oil. Also, combustion gas produced from the heater is supplied to the interior of the reactor, so that the interior of the reactor can be simply formed under a nonoxidizing atmosphere. Accordingly, the device for preparing bio-oil can be manufactured into a very simple structure.

THERMAL REACTOR

DECLINED BED CONTACTOR

DECLINED BED CONTACTOR An apparatus for contacting solids with gases, preferably a needle coke preheater, which includes an elongated housing having an entrance and an exit and means for introducing solids into the entrance of the housing. A bed support divides the housing into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and is declined from the horizontal at an angle such that the solids introduced into the entrance of the housing slide down the bed support toward the exit of the housing. The bed support contains a plurality of openings distributed between two solid rectangular borders which serve as the two long parallel sides of the bed support. The openings are sufficiently large so that gases can flow from the lower chamber in contact with the solids and then into the upper chamber. The solid rectangular borders prevent preferential flow of the gases up the walls of the housing by forcing the gases to flow toward the center of the bed support. The apparatus also contains means for introducing ...

THERMAL REACTOR

FALLING BED REACTOR

Methods and apparatuses are provided for pyrolysis using a falling bed reactor. The falling bed reactor may result in effective mixing between a heat carrier and biomass, and may reduce or eliminate inert gas requirements.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EXPANDING THERMALLY EXPANDABLE THERMOPLASTIC MICROSPHERES TO EXPANDED THERMOPLASTIC MICROSPHERES

An apparatus and a method for expanding a slurry of thermally expandable thermoplastic microsphere is disclosed. The apparatus and method expand the slurry of thermally expandable thermoplastic microsphere without any direct contact to a fluid heat transfer medium. The apparatus and method utilise a distribution pipe attached to an outlet pipe.

REACTOR AND HEATER CONFIGURATION SYNERGIES IN PARAFFIN DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

An apparatus for heating a process fluid is presented. The apparatus is for improving the foot-print of a fired heater and to reduce the fired heater volume. The apparatus includes a W-shaped process coil to provide for a smaller single-cell fired heater, and a fired heater with a lower profile, providmg flexibility in positioning relative to downstream reactors.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MOLYBDENUM FROM SPENT CATALYSTS

This invention relates to an apparatus and process that utilizes high-temperature oxidation and subli-mation for recovery of molybdenum from spent catalysts or other feedstocks that contain molybdenum. One embod-iment uses a counter-rotating vortex reactor and a cyclonic entrained-flow reactor to rapidly heat and oxidize the spent catalyst feedstock, such as carbon, sulfur, and molybde-num compounds, at temperatures in the range of about 2100°F to 2900°F, resulting in a gas-solid stream contain-ing molybdenum trioxide vapor. A high-temperature cy-clone separator is utilized to separate the residue from this stream before this stream is rapidly quenched to a tempera-ture sufficient to effect condensation of solid molybdenum trioxide without condensing arsenic or phosphoric oxides. The condensed molybdenum trioxide material is separated from this stream by passing through a high-temperature fil-tration system. The remaining gaseous stream is ducted to operations for possible further material ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBON-CONTAINING FEED STOCK INTO GASIFICATION GAS

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

Verfahren zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen.

Procédé de préparation d'hydrocarbures halogénés, non saturés

Appareil dans lequel s'opère la mise en contact d'un gaz avec une substance capable de s'écouler

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Oxydieren von reduzierten Katalysatoren

Abscheide- und Kühlvorrichtung für Kunststoffgranulat

Verfahren zum Transport von Masseteilchen in Wärmetauschern und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

PROCEDURE FOR THE DRY CLEANING OF FLUE GASES.

DEVICE FOR DECOMPOSITION OF COAL WITH THE COMBINED AUGER HOPPERS

piroliznoe oil, produced in microwave system

AN ELECTRICAL INDUCTION HEATING ASSEMBLY

ELECTROINDUCTION HEATING DEVICE

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PREPARING CERAMIC POWDERS

ELECTROINDUCTIVE HEATING AGGREGATE

Device and method for controlling reaction temp.

Reactor for producing high purity granular silicon and method thereof

Obtaining polymers

CHEMICAL ENGINE OF CONVERSION Of a LOAD IN THE PRESENCE OF a THINNER, AVECAPPORTS OF HEAT AND CROSS CIRCULATION OF the LOAD AND D a CATALYST

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REFORMING LOW PRESSURE OILS WITH HEATING BY MEANS OF THE FLUE GAS

CATALYTIC ENGINE HAS PLATES IN PARTICULAR FOR the PRODUCTION Of ANHYDRIDEPHTALIQUE

Isothermal catalytic unit for producing a catalytic reaction.

Isothermal catalytic unit intended to produce a catalytic reaction

L'invention a pour objet une unité catalytique isotherme destinée à produire une réaction catalytique sur un fluide réactif en présence d'un catalyseur et à maintenir des conditions d'isothermie pendant le passage du fluide réactif dans ladite unité catalytique par un fluide auxiliaire caloporteur. L'unité comprend une enceinte (1) de forme circulaire et des réacteurs catalytiques isothermes (20) disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (1) et formés chacun par un empilement de plaques parallèles les unes aux autres, formant deux circuits de circulation desdits fluides à courants croisés et alternés entre deux jeux de plaques adjacentes. Les réacteurs catalytiques isothermes (20) sont verticaux, répartis selon un polygone dans l'enceinte (1) et sont reliés à des moyens d'entrée et de sortie des fluides réactif et auxiliaire et du catalyseur.

Carrying out chemical reactions - using microwave energy to heat particles of contact solid

A method and apparatus for the heat exchange between solid particles and gases

REACTOR HAVING A PLURALITY OF FIXED BED OR MOBILE BED ZONES WITH INTEGRATED HEAT EXCHANGER

PURPOSE: A reactor and a process for chemical conversion of hydrocarbons that uses the reactor are provided to resolve problems related to use of strong exothermic or endothermic reactions, particularly oligomerization reactions, and a compact reactor having a large capacity such that a large amount of catalyst is present in the reactor and a large inner volume such that a heat exchanger is integrated into the reactor is provided. CONSTITUTION: As a reactor which is extended along a substantially vertical axis, comprises a shell and plural vertical multistage catalytic reaction zones in the shell, and is structured suitably for the axial circulation of a series of reaction fluids in each of the zones, the reactor comprises a means(100) for introducing the reaction fluids and a means(101) for discharging the reaction fluids, a means(102) for supplying new or regenerated catalyst into the head of the reactor, and a means(105) for discharging spent catalyst from a lower portion of the reactor ...

PROCESO PARA LA CONVERSIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS Y EQUIPAMIENTO PARA REALIZAR REACCIONES QUÍMICAS UTILIZADO EN EL MISMO

Los procesos y sistemas para la conversión de hidrocarburos en la presente pueden incluir separar un efluente de un reactor de lecho móvil, el efluente que incluye el producto de reacción, primer catalizador particulado, y segundo catalizador particulado. La separación puede recuperar una primera corriente que incluye el producto de reacción y el primer catalizador particulado y una segunda corriente que incluye el segundo catalizador particulado. La segunda corriente se puede mezclar con una corriente de catalizador regenerado que incluye tanto el primero como el segundo catalizador particulado a una temperatura elevada. La mezcla puede producir un catalizador mixto a una temperatura relativamente uniforme menor que la temperatura elevada del catalizador regenerado, donde la temperatura es más ventajosa para el contacto de la nafta liviana y la nafta pesada dentro del reactor de lecho móvil para producir el efluente que incluye el producto de reacción, el primer catalizador particulado ...

sistema e método para calcinação de minerais

DEVICE FOR THE REMOVAL OF DANGEROUS OR HIGH-ENERGY MATERIAL

A device for the removal of dangerous or high-energy material, comprising a housing (2) which is pressure-resistant in a manner known per se, wherein material, whose end products are non-dangerous, can be reacted in controlled conditions. A fluidized bed (16), which can move from top to bottom, can be displaced inside the housing (2). Said fluidized bed is formed in a state of dynamic equilibrium between a) a bulk material feed and the material which is to be removed and b) the discharge of a mixture of residues originating from the bulk material and the reaction. A hollow body (40) is arranged inside the fluidized bed (16) and is used as a device for guiding a heating gas to said point, being connected to an external heating gas source. Said device (40), which is directly arranged in the vicinity of the reaction chamber of the fluidized bed (16), ensures in an energy-saving manner that the desired reaction temperature prevails in the reaction area of the fluidized bed (16).

Fuel reformer device

The present invention is directed to a fuel reformer device that produces a hydrogen rich gas from a hydrocarbon and steam. The steam reforming reaction that produces the hydrogen rich gas from the hydrocarbon and steam is endothermic. A known technique supplies heat required for the steam reforming reaction by an exothermic oxidation reaction proceeding in parallel with the steam reforming reaction. This known technique may, however, cause an excessive temperature rise in an area of the vigorous oxidation reaction in the fuel reformer device. A reformer unit 34 including a Cu-Zn catalyst receives a supply of a crude fuel gas containing the air flown through a second fuel supply conduit 64 . The crude fuel gas is subjected to the steam reforming reaction and the oxidation reaction proceeding inside the reformer unit 34 . A resulting hydrogen rich gaseous fuel is discharged to a third fuel supply conduit 65 . The reformer unit 34 includes an upper stream reaction unit 80 and a lower stream ...

Moving bed process for carbothermally synthesizing nonoxide ceramic powders

Carbothermally reduce a metal oxide to its corresponding metal nitride or metal carbide powder in a vertical gravity flow reactor by adding precursor pellets containing the metal oxide, a thermally decomposed binder material and carbon or a source of carbon directly to a heated reaction zone within the reactor. The pellets form a pellet bed, the top of which must be maintained within the heated reaction zone. The binder material is a blend of wheat and corn starches, optionally in conjunction with another binder such as melamine. The binder material thermally decomposes to a carbonaceous residue which functions both as an additional source of carbon and as a binder for the precursor pellets. The reactor may be modified by adding an internal vent line to remove volatile materials from the heated reaction zone before they have an opportunity to condense on internal reactor surfaces.

Reciprocating reactor and methods for thermal decomposition of carbonaceous feedstock

The present technology describes apparatus, systems, and methods for the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous feedstocks through continuous pyrolysis. A reciprocating reactor is described that includes an inner reactor pipe and an outer reactor pipe. The outer reactor pipe has a first portion that surrounds the inner reactor pipe forming an annulus space, and a second portion that extends beyond the inner reactor pipe and forms a turnaround zone. The inner reactor pipe defines an inner reactor zone that produces partially reacted carbonaceous feedstock, and the annulus space defines an outer reactor zone that produces product gases and solids.

Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels

A system for converting carbonaceous fuels is provided. The system includes a gaseous fuel conversion reactor, a solid fuel conversion reactor, and a fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor disposed between the gaseous fuel conversion reactor and the solid fuel conversion reactor. The fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor devolatilizes a solid fuel using heat to produce an off-gas and a devolatilized solid fuel. The gaseous fuel conversion reactor converts the off-gas from the fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor to a product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water. The solid fuel conversion reactor receives a mixture of oxygen carrier solids and devolatilized solid fuel from the pretreatment reactor discharge and reduces the devolatilized solid fuel with the oxygen carrier solids to convert the devolatilized solid fuel to an intermediate gas.

Zeolite production method

Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≤SiO2/Al2O3≤2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.

Multi-zone fixed-bed or moving-bed reactor with an integrated heat exchanger

An axial flow staged zone oligomerization reaction process includes the steps of passing a hydrocarbon feedstock into the lower portion of the axial flow staged zone reactor which includes axial circulation of the hydrocarbon reaction fluid serially in each of the reaction zones, passing catalyst through a constriction zone located between successive upper and lower catalytic reaction zones which includes heat exchanging of the fluids being the constriction zone within the reactor and further includes withdrawing the oligomerized product from the top of the reactor.

Mixing device

Device for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components used in food industry comprises horizontal hollow cylindrical body with inner chamber containing rotating shaft having radially aligned blades driven by shaft The device for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components comprises a horizontal hollow cylindrical body (10) having an inner chamber containing a rotating shaft (15) provided with radially aligned blades (20) driven by the shaft. A feed opening (30) is arranged at one end of the mixing device and an outlet (40) is arranged at the other end. An Independent claim is also included for mixing solid components or solid and liquid components using the above device.

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ЭНДОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ

Изобретение относится к реактору, используемому для эндотермических высокотемпературных реакций, например, для проведения паровой конверсии потока углеводородсодержащего исходного газа (например, содержащего метан), для крекинга или термического разложения этана, для пиролиза природного газа (например, содержащего метан). Реактор (1) для проведения эндотермической реакции, в частности высокотемпературной реакции, в котором из исходного газа (E) получают товарный газ (P), охватывает внутреннее пространство (10) реактора, при этом реактор (1) выполнен с возможностью пропуска в реакционной зоне (12) внутреннего пространства (10) реактора реакторного слоя (120), содержащего множество твердых частиц (F), причем конструкция реактора (1) также позволяет подавать исходный газ (E) в реакционную зону (12), при этом для нагрева исходного газа (E) реактор (1) выполнен с возможностью нагрева твердых частиц (F) в реакционной зоне (12), так что исходный газ (E) в реакционной зоне (12) может нагреваться ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕННИЯ ВСПЕНЕННЫХ МИКРОСФЕР

Группа изобретений относится к способу получения вспененных термопластичных микросфер и устройству для их получения. Способ получения вспененных термопластичных микросфер из невспененных термически вспенивающихся термопластичных микросфер, включающих оболочку из термопластичного полимера, инкапсулирующую вспенивающий агент, включает подачу суспензии вспенивающихся термопластичных микросфер в жидкой среде в зону нагрева, нагрев суспензии в зоне нагрева, без непосредственного контакта со средой теплоносителя, до достижения вспенивающимися микросферами температуры от 50 до 250°С, и поддержание давления в зоне нагрева от 4 до 50 бар (0,4 до 5 МПа), чтобы микросферы в суспензии не вспенились бы полностью, отведение суспензии вспенивающихся микросфер из зоны нагрева в зону с давлением, достаточно низким для того, чтобы микросферы вспенились. Группа изобретений развита в зависимых пунктах формулы изобретения. Технический результат – вспенивание микросфер в суспензии без необходимости введения ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ГАЗ ПУТЕМ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

Изобретение относится к химической технологии и оборудованию, в частности к устройствам для переработки твердых бытовых и промышленных отходов, а также других углеродсодержащих исходных материалов в топливный газ путем газификации и к способам осуществления процесса пиролиза и газификации с нижней тягой. Устройство для газификации включает продолговатый внешний резервуар, продолговатый внутренний резервуар, указанный внутренний резервуар расположен внутри указанного внешнего резервуара, в результате чего образуется полость между указанным внутренним резервуаром и указанным внешним резервуаром, загрузочный механизм, включающий продолговатый корпус загрузочного механизма и подающее исходный материал устройство для перемещения указанного исходного материала вдоль указанного продолговатого корпуса загрузочного механизма, корпус газогенератора с внутренней поверхностью и внешней поверхностью, камеру сгорания, газоотвод и механизм для выгрузки шлака. Изобретение обеспечивает переработку исходных ...

ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ C3-C4 УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Изобретение относится к интегрированному способу получения олефинов С3-С4 или С4-диолефинов, включающему следующие стадии: (1)(а) приведение в контакт в реакторе дегидрирования с псевдоожиженным слоем (i) C3-C4-углеводородного сырья и (ii) потока катализатора, содержащего катализатор; в условиях, обеспечивающих образование смеси продуктов стадии (1)(а), содержащей целевой С3-С4-олефин или целевой С4-диолефин, водород и непрореагировавшее С3-С4-углеводородное сырье; и осаждение кокса на указанном катализаторе и по меньшей мере частичное дезактивирование указанного катализатора таким образом, что он образует по меньшей мере частично дезактивированный катализатор; и (b) перенос смеси продуктов стадии (1)(а) и указанного по меньшей мере частично дезактивированного катализатора из указанного реактора дегидрирования с псевдоожиженным слоем в систему циклонной сепарации и в условиях, обеспечивающих преобразование указанной смеси продуктов стадии (1)(а) с получением смеси продуктов стадии (1)(b ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУР (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Использование: химические реакторы. В реакторной установке и способе для контактирования через стенку потока реагента (А) с потоком теплоносителя (В) используют конструкцию из волнистых теплообменных перегородок для контроля температурных условий с помощью изменения количества и/или монтажа волнистости по перегородкам. Реакторная установка и способ изобретения могут быть использованы для работы реактора в изотермических или других условиях контролируемой температуры. Вариация при монтаже волнистости внутри одной теплообменной секции является очень полезной для поддержания желаемого температурного профиля в установке, имеющей поперечный поток теплоносителя по отношению к реагентам. Установка волнистости устраняет или сводит к минимуму типичное постадийное приближение к изотермическим условиям. 5 с. и 29 з. п. ф-лы, 16 ил., 1 табл.

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ РАСШИРЕНИЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКИ РАСШИРЯЕМЫХ ТЕРМОПЛАСТИЧЕСКИХ МИКРОСФЕР ДО РАСШИРЕННЫХ ТЕРМОПЛАСТИЧЕСКИХ МИКРОСФЕР

ТЕПЛООТВОДЯЩИЙ КЛАСТЕР КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И КОНСТРУКЦИЯ ТРУБКИ

БЫСТРАЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКА МЕТАЛЛОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МЕТАЛЛОВ ИЛИ ОКИСЛОВ МЕТАЛЛОВ

... 1. Способ переработки металлосодержащего химического соединения для образования металла или окисла металла металлосодержащего химического соединения, предусматривающий нагрев металлосодержащего химического соединения со скоростью от приблизительно 100 до примерно 100000000°С/с до повышенной температуры, которая делает конверсию металлосодержащего химического соединения термодинамически благоприятной, и выдержку металлосодержащего химического соединения при повышенной температуре в течение времени обработки, которого достаточно для преобразования металлосодержащего химического соединения, по меньшей мере, в один продукт, выбранный из группы, состоящей из (1) металла и (2) окислов металла. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором время обработки имеет продолжительность от приблизительно 0,1 до примерно 60 с. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором конверсию осуществляют посредством разложения. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором конверсию осуществляют посредством окисления. 5. Способ по п.1, в котором конверсию осуществляют ...

VERFAHREN ZUR KARBOTHERMISCHEN HERSTELLUNG VON NICHTOXIDKERAMIKPULVER IN EINEM WANDERBETT.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 5-METHYL-7-DIETHYLAMINO-S-TRIAZOLO(1,5-A) PYRIMIDIN

APPRATUS FOR USE IN THE EXOTHERMIC HETEROGRENEOUS OXIDATION OF A HYDROCARBON

... 1452034 Catalytic apparatus for hydrocarbon oxidation ORDENA TRUDO KRAS ZNAM INST NEFTEKHIMICHESKIKH PROTSESSOV IM AKADEMIKA JUG MAMEDALIEVA AKAD NAUK AZERBAIDZHAN SSR 5 Jan 1974 00525/74 Heading B1F [Also in Division C2] An apparatus for the exothermic heterogeneous oxidation of hydrocarbons over a granular catalyst comprises an upright elongate casing 1 containing at least one openended reaction tube 9 mounted within the casing to provide an annular space 10 for catalyst therearound which the annular space further contains a cooling coil 11, a mixing chamber 13 surrounding the lower end of the reaction tube and having the reactant inlet pipes 14 feeding thereto such that reactant gas flowing from the mixing chamber into the reaction tube 9 will entrain catalyst particles from the bed 10 for catalytic reaction within the tube 9, and a separating chamber 6 surrounding the upper end of the reaction tube 9 and containing a baffle 24 for separating the reaction gases from entrained catalyst ...

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR GEWINNUNG BZW. RÜCKGEWINNUNG VON SÄUREN AUS LÖSUNGEN

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE REGENERATION OF HYDROCARBON TRANSFORMATION CATALYSTS.

PRÄPOLYMERISATIONSREAKTOR

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ZEOLITES

PROCEDURE FOR TREATING STUECKIGEN AND/OR GRANULAR MATERIALS WITH GASEOUS MEDIA

PROCEDURE AND CALCINING FURNACE FOR ELECTRICAL CALCINING OF KÖHLENSTOFFHALTIGEM MATERIAL

Procedure and device for oxidizing catalysts available in a reactor in reduced or partly reduced condition

A method for transformation of polyolefine wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for performing the method

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING

This invention generally relates to a new method and apparatus for the fast thermal processing (such as fast pyrolysis, rapid cracking) of carbonaceous materials (feedstock) involving rapid mixing and heat transfer in a novel reactor design. The heat is transferred to the feedstock from hot particulate solids which are injected into the reactor through several inwardly directed, impinging jets. The feedstock is then injected axially into the reactor in the centre of the impinging jets to form a dense turbulent central jet resulting in rapid mixing and heat transfer.

QUENCH RING AND DIP TUBE ASSEMBLY

PYROLYSIS REACTOR

A device for pyrolysing biomass comprises: a reactor space; a first feed for biomass material connecting to the upper zone thereof; a second feed for heated heat carrier material connecting to the upper side of the reactor space; a first discharge for pyrolysis gas connecting to the upper zone of the reactor space at a distance from the first feed; and a second discharge for solid material, for instance carbon and heat carrier material, connecting to the underside of the reactor space. A substantial separation between the discharge flows of pyrolysis gas and solid material takes place predominantly under the influence of gravitational force, without interposing of a cyclone. The reactor space is modelled such that the direct flow from the first feed and the second feed to the first discharge is blocked. A mechanical mixer is present in the reactor space for the purpose of mixing the flow of biomass material with the flow of preheated heat carrier material.

COAL MATERIAL DECOMPOSING DEVICE WITH SCREW-TYPE CABIN

A coal material decomposing device with a screw-type cabin comprises a sealed rotary kiln (1) provided with a coal inlet (2) and a coal outlet (3), in which a coal decomposing air collecting pipe (10) is arranged. The coal decomposing air collecting pipe is provided with two parallel spirals (11) for dividing space in the kiln into a heating air cabin (5) and a coal material decomposing cabin (4). The coal decomposing air collecting pipe is connected with the coal material decomposing cabin through an air guide hole (12) arranged in the coal material decomposing cabin. Coal powder after absorbing heat sufficiently is decomposed into coal gas, tar gas and coal with high calorific value.

METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR PREPARATION OF EXPANDED MICROSPHERES

The invention relates to a method and a device for the preparation of expanded thermoplastic microspheres from unexpanded thermally expandable thermoplastic microspheres comprising a thermoplastic polymer shell encapsulating a blowing agent. The method comprises: (a) feeding a slurry of such expandable thermoplastic microspheres in a liquid medium into a heating zone; (b) heating the slurry in the heating zone, without direct contact with any fluid heat transfer medium, so the expandable microspheres reach at least a temperature at which they would have started to expand at atmospheric pressure, and maintaining a pressure in the heating zone sufficiently high so the microspheres in the slurry do notfullyexpand; and, (c) withdrawing the slurry of expandable microspheres from the heating zone into a zone with a pressure sufficiently low for the microspheres to expand.

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

Reactor, toner production method, and toner

A reactor, which heats a slurry raw material including a solid component, including a reaction tube, wherein the slurry raw material is continuously fed from an end of the reaction tube relative to the central axial direction of the reaction tube so as to be flown toward another end of the reaction tube to be heated; and plural perforated plates arranged in the reaction tube so as to separate the inside of the reaction tube into plural compartments. The reactor satisfies the relations (½)·D′≦D<D′, and 0.2≦S/D′≦5.0, wherein D represents the diameter of each of the perforated plates, D′ represents the inner diameter of the reaction tube, and S represents the interval between any two adjacent perforated plates in the central axial direction of the reaction tube.

Processes and Systems for the Conversion of Hydrocarbons

A process for endothermic dehydrogenation including contacting a catalyst material in a moving bed reactor having at least one reaction zone, the moving bed reactor comprising a heat exchanger containing a heating medium, wherein the catalyst material and the heating medium do not contact one another, and wherein at least 50% of the delta enthalpy of the at least one reaction zone is provided by the heat exchanger; and contacting a feedstock comprising hydrocarbons with the catalyst material in the at least one reaction zone of the moving bed reactor under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising a product comprising alkenes, alkynes, cyclic hydrocarbons, and/or aromatics. 1. A process for endothermic dehydrogenation , the process comprising:contacting a catalyst material in a moving bed reactor having at least one reaction zone, the moving bed reactor comprising a heat exchanger containing a heating medium, wherein the catalyst material and the heating medium do not contact one another, and wherein at least 50% of the delta enthalpy of the at least one reaction zone is provided by the heat exchanger; andcontacting a feedstock comprising hydrocarbons with the catalyst material in the at least one reaction zone of the moving bed reactor under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising a product comprising alkenes, alkynes, cyclic hydrocarbons, and/or aromatics.2. The process of further comprising:separating at least some of the catalyst material from the first effluent to produce (1) a separated catalyst stream and (2) a product stream; andreturning the separated catalyst material to the moving bed reactor.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the product stream is substantially catalyst-free.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the product stream exits the moving bed reactor at an outlet temperature of about 350° C. to about 800° C. claim 2 , wherein a ...

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN MONOMERS IN A REACTOR

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed. 18400511. A system for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene , the system comprising a reactor () , a compressor () , a cooling unit () and an external pipe () for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer ,{'b': '40', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (),'}wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream,{'b': '10', 'wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (),'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator () for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase,'}{'b': '6', 'wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (),'}wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase,wherein the first outlet for the ...

Method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus therefor

A method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus ( 100 ) therefor. The method for producing devulcanized rubber comprises the steps of (1) providing vulcanized rubber particles with a pre-determined particle size and (2) devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber particles. The vulcanized rubber particles are devulcanized mechanically by impact forces and devulcanized chemically by a chemical composition. The impact forces break sulphur-sulphur and sulphur-carbon bonds of the vulcanized rubber particles causing surfaces of the rubber to become receptive in reacting with the chemical composition and the chemical composition renders the sulphur passive to prevent reattachment of the bonds, of which the chemical composition comprises at least one accelerator, at least one inorganic activator and at least one organic activator.

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed within the reaction vessel.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor measures temperature claim 2 , pH claim 2 , or salt concentration.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system comprises a control unit configured to maintain a first temperature within the reaction vessel before addition of a catalyst.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to modulate a rate of addition of the catalyst into the reaction vessel to maintain a second temperature that is different from the first temperature inside the reaction vessel.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured with a pre-programmed protocol for controlling the conversion of graphite into graphene oxide.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system modulates a rate of addition of one or more reactants into the reaction vessel to maintain a reaction temperature no greater than 15° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises one or more cooling coils for reducing a reaction temperature inside the reaction vessel.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system is configured to dispense chilled water into the tank to lower the temperature of the graphene oxide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and the tank are in fluid communication claim 1 , and the reaction vessel is positioned at a higher position relative to the tank to enable transfer of the graphene oxide from the reaction ...

Methods and Systems for Forming a Hydrocarbon Product

A method of forming a hydrocarbon product comprises reacting at least one carbon oxide and at least one lower hydrocarbon in the presence of a plurality of catalyst-containing structures each comprising a nanofiber bound to at least one catalyst nanoparticle to form at least one higher hydrocarbon. Other methods of forming a hydrocarbon are also disclosed, as is a system forming a hydrocarbon product.

GAS CAPTURE SYSTEM

Disclosed herein is a method of regenerating a sorbent of gas in a capture process of said gas, wherein the capture process comprises recirculating the sorbent between a gas capturing system and regenerating reactor system, the method comprising the regenerating reactor system performing the steps of: receiving a solid sorbent to be regenerated, wherein the sorbent is a sorbent of carbon dioxide gas; generating heat by combusting a fuel with an oxidising agent in the presence of a catalyst; regenerating the sorbent by using the generated heat to indirectly heat the sorbent so that the sorbent releases carbon dioxide gas; outputting the regenerated sorbent; and outputting the released carbon dioxide gas. Advantages of the gas capture system include a higher efficiency than known techniques. 1. A method of regenerating a sorbent of gas in a capture process of said gas , wherein the capture process comprises recirculating the sorbent between a gas capturing system and regenerating reactor system , the method comprising the regenerating reactor system performing the steps of:receiving a solid sorbent to be regenerated, wherein the sorbent is a sorbent of carbon dioxide gas;generating heat by combusting a fuel with an oxidising agent in the presence of a catalyst;regenerating the sorbent by using the generated heat to indirectly heat the sorbent so that the sorbent releases carbon dioxide gas;outputting the regenerated sorbent; andoutputting the released carbon dioxide gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the regenerating reactor system comprises:a sorbent input that receives the sorbent; anda sorbent output that outputs the regenerated sorbent.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said step of regenerating the sorbent by indirectly heating the sorbent comprises indirectly heating the sorbent as it moves from the sorbent input to the sorbent output.4. The method according to any preceding claim claim 2 , wherein the received sorbent comprises a metal ...

RECOVERING BROMINE FROM SOLID WASTE CONTAINING BROMINE COMPOUNDS, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Recovering bromine from solid waste containing bromine compounds, and applications thereof, such as for recovering bromine in a form suitable for reuse, or for manufacturing bromine salt (for example, calcium bromide). Bromine recovery method and system include: providing and mixing (i) solid waste containing bromine compounds and (ii) solid calcium hydroxide; heating the mixture in a chemical reducing (non-oxidizing) environment, thereby forming heated product consisting essentially of only solid calcium bromide (salt); and processing the heated product, to form bromine. Calcium bromide manufacturing method and system include: providing and mixing (i) solid waste containing bromine compounds and (ii) solid calcium hydroxide; heating the mixture in a chemical reducing (non-oxidizing) environment, thereby forming solid calcium bromide (salt). Applicable to processes of, or involving, manufacturing bromine-based flame (fire) retardant materials. 1. A method for recovering bromine from solid waste containing bromine compounds , the method comprising:providing the solid waste containing the bromine compounds;providing a supply of solid calcium hydroxide;mixing the solid waste and said solid calcium hydroxide, thereby forming a mixture thereof;heating said mixture in a chemical reducing (non-oxidizing) environment, for forming a heated product comprising solid calcium bromide; andprocessing said heated product, so as to form bromine.23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is performed with an operating temperature in a range of between about 400° C. and about 800° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is performed with an operating pressure in a range of between about 0.1 atmosphere (atm) [76.0 mm Hg] claim 1 , and about 2 atmospheres (atm) [1520 mm Hg].6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating includes removing gases formed therefrom.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating includes forcibly transferring and moving said ...

HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS

Embodiments of the invention include apparatus and systems for hydrocarbon synthesis and methods regarding the same. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising reacting a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst inside of a reaction vessel to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water. The temperature inside the reaction vessel can be between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. In an embodiment, the invention includes an extrusion reactor system for creating a hydrocarbon product stream. The temperature inside the extrusion reactor housing between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius. Pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. Other embodiments are also included herein. 1. A method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising:reacting components of a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water, wherein the reaction takes place inside a reaction vessel;wherein the temperature inside the reaction vessel is between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel is above supercritical pressure for water;wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture includes at least about 50% water by mass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon source includes one or more selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids claim 1 , fatty acids claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , and carbohydrates.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is part of an extrusion system.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide that is stable at temperatures above 450 degrees Celsius in the presence of supercritical ...

Apparatus and Method for Sintering Proppants

An apparatus and method sinters or partially sinters green pellets in a selected temperature range to make proppant particles as the green pellets pass through a first central portion of the first vortex gas flow and exit the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and/or pass through a second central portion of the second vortex flow and exit the fourth end of the second cylindrical vessel. 1. An apparatus for sintering green pellets to make proppant particles , the apparatus comprising:a first cylindrical vessel having a first end, a second end and a first longitudinal axis;a first vortex finder connected to the first end of the first cylindrical vessel and aligned with the first longitudinal axis;a second cylindrical vessel having a third end, a fourth end and a second longitudinal axis;a second vortex finder connected to the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and aligned with the second longitudinal axis;an inlet passage disposed between the first vortex finder and the second vortex finder, connected tangentially to both the first cylindrical vessel proximate to the first end and the second cylindrical vessel proximate to the third end, and having an inlet and a third longitudinal axis;a divider disposed within the inlet passage along the third longitudinal axis that directs a heated gas from the inlet into the first cylindrical vessel to form a first vortex gas flow and the second cylindrical vessel to form a second vortex gas flow;a heated gas source connected to the inlet of the inlet passage; anda green pellet source connected to the first vortex finder or the second vortex finder or both the first vortex finder and the second vortex finder such that the green pellets are sintered or partially sintered in a selected temperature range to form the proppant particles as the green pellets pass through a first central portion of the first vortex gas flow and exit the second end of the first cylindrical vessel and/or pass through a second central ...

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS FOR THE EXFOLIATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS

A system for extracting two dimensional materials from a bulk material by functionalization of the bulk material in a reactor. 1. A method of exfoliating two-dimensional materials comprising:adding a bulk material to a polar solvent in a reactor vessel;dissolving ozone in the polar solvent; andexfoliating two-dimensional material from the bulk material by advanced oxidation process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bulk material is selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 1 , Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is graphene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material formed is from bulk is Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is single layer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is few layer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is multi layer.8. The method of claim 1 , the polar solvent is chilled from around room temperature to between 5° C. and 15° C.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising agitating the polar solvent.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polar solvent has a temperature above 25° C.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein no chemical preprocessing of the bulk material is necessary.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working solvent can be HO claim 1 , HO claim 1 , an inert PFC claim 1 , or a mixture of these in any combination.13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising exposing the solvent to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to enhance radical formation in the working HOor HO or HO/HOsolvent.14. An apparatus for exfoliating two-dimensional ...

REACTORS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SOLID CARBON MATERIALS

A reactor for producing a solid carbon material comprising at least one reaction chamber configured to produce a solid carbon material and water vapor through a reduction reaction between at least one carbon oxide and at least one gaseous reducing material in the presence of at least one catalyst material. Additional reactors, and related methods of producing a solid carbon material, and of forming a reactor for producing a solid carbon material are also described. 1. A reactor for producing a solid carbon material , comprising:at least one reaction chamber configured to produce a solid carbon material and water vapor through a reduction reaction between at least one carbon oxide and at least one gaseous reducing material in the presence of at least one catalyst material structure comprising a catalyst material at least partially extending through the at least one reaction chamber;at least one cooling chamber operatively communicating with the at least one reaction chamber and configured to condense the water vapor produced in the at least one reaction chamber; andat least one conveying mechanism configured to transport the at least one catalyst material structure through the at least one reaction chamber.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction chamber is configured to produce the solid carbon material through at least one of a Bosch reaction claim 1 , a Boudouard reaction claim 1 , and a methane reduction reaction.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reaction chamber is configured to withstand an operating temperature greater than or equal to about 450° C.4. (canceled)5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cooling chamber is configured to have an operating temperature of less than or equal to about 50° C.6. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchange zone operatively associated with each of at least one effluent gas line and at least one return gas line extending between the at least one reaction ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING ISOSORBIDE FROM BIOMASS

Methods and systems for producing isosorbide from biomass are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing isosorbide from biomass may include contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture, and heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound. Further, the intermediate compound is contacted with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture, and heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide. 1. A method of producing isosorbide from a biomass , the method comprising:contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture;heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound;contacting the at least one intermediate compound with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture;heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide; andisolating the isosorbide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the biomass comprises contacting a carbohydrate claim 1 , polysaccharide claim 1 , monosaccharide claim 1 , disaccharide claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , starch claim 1 , pentose claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the first reaction mixture comprises heating to form a depolymerization product of biomass selected from a monosaccharide claim 1 , a disaccharide claim 1 , sorbitol claim 1 , sorbitan claim 1 , or any combination thereof4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the catalyst mixture from the at least one intermediate compound prior to contacting the at least one intermediate compound with the second solid acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the catalyst mixture comprises contacting the catalyst mixture comprising a noble metal including Au claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , or any ...

Device and method for the catalytic depolymerization of material containing hydrocarbon

In a device for the catalytic depolymerisation of material containing hydrocarbon, containing at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one conveyor device having a device for introducing heat into the interior of the conveyor device and having at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening spaced apart therefrom are provided in the container, wherein the inlet opening is or can be disposed in the lower region of the container and the outlet opening is or can be disposed in the upper region of the container for circulating and heating the material to the evaporation temperature. In a method for the catalytic depolymerisation of hydrocarbon-containing material using at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one carrier medium is filled into the container, the material is introduced into the carrier medium, the carrier medium comprising the material is set in a rotary motion, the material is circulated through a conveyor device having a device for introducing heat and is heated until said material is brought to evaporation temperature, the rising vapour is condensed and the distillate components are discharged as product.

REACTOR AND HEATER CONFIGURATION SYNERGIES IN PARAFFIN DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

An apparatus for heating a process fluid is presented. The apparatus is for improving the foot-print of a fired heater and to reduce the fired heater volume. The apparatus includes a W-shaped process coil to provide for a smaller single-cell fired heater, and a fired heater with a lower profile, providing flexibility in positioning relative to downstream reactors. 1. An integrated apparatus for a reforming system , comprising:a plurality of radiant fired heaters having at least one process coil disposed within the heater, burners, and a flue gas outlet, wherein the process coils have one outlet, at least one inlet; andone outlet manifold per heater having an inlet in fluid communication with the process coils outlets and at least one manifold outlet.2. The integrated apparatus of wherein each process coil has a configuration of three tubes in a parallel orientation claim 1 , with two semi-circular tubular sections connecting the ends of the tubes claim 1 , such that the tubes and tubular sections form a W-shaped coil claim 1 , with the central tube having an increased diameter claim 1 , and the two smaller tubes having one end connected to an inlet port and the larger central tube having one end connected to the outlet port.3. The integrated apparatus of further comprising a convection bank having an inlet in fluid communication with the flue gas outlet claim 1 , and heating tubes claim 1 , wherein the heating tubes have an inlet and an outlet.4. The integrated apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the heating tubes are for steam generation.5. The integrated apparatus of further comprising a plurality of moving bed reactors claim 1 , wherein there is one radiant fired heater for each reactor.6. The integrated apparatus of wherein the reactors are stacked vertically claim 5 , and the radiant fired heaters are arranged side-by-side near the stack of reactors.7. The integrated apparatus of wherein the process coil inlet ports and the outlet port are disposed on the upper ...

REACTOR AND HEATER CONFIGURATION SYNERGIES IN PARAFFIN DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

An apparatus for heating a process fluid is presented. The apparatus is for improving the foot-print of a fired heater and to reduce the fired heater volume. The apparatus includes a W-shaped process coil to provide for a smaller single-cell fired heater, and a fired heater with a lower profile, providing flexibility in positioning relative to downstream reactors. 1. An apparatus for reducing hot transfer volume , comprising:a radiant fired heater having a single cell, at least one process coil, burners, and a flue gas outlet; andat least one outlet manifold having an inlet in fluid communication with the process coils outlets and at least one manifold outlet;wherein each process coil has a configuration of three tubes in a parallel orientation, with two semi-circular tubular sections connecting the ends of the tubes, such that the tubes and tubular sections form a generalized W-shaped coil, with the central tube having one end connected to the outlet port, and the two outer tubes having one end connected to an inlet port.2. The apparatus of further comprising a convection bank having an inlet in fluid communication with the flue gas outlet claim 1 , and heating tubes claim 1 , wherein the heating tubes have an inlet and an outlet.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the convection bank is above or below the fired heater.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the convection bank is positioned to the side of the fired heater.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the heating tubes are for steam generation.6. The apparatus of further comprising:a moving bed reactor having a process stream inlet disposed above the reactor moving bed, a process fluid outlet, a catalyst inlet, a catalyst collector at the bottom of the reactor, and a catalyst outlet at the bottom of the catalyst collector.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the radiant fired heater is elevated to provide for that the moving bed reactor process stream inlet is disposed within 0.3 m elevation of the outlet ...

Biomass storage system

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PULVERULENT POLY(METH)ACRYLATE

An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate in a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor and a fluidized bed, and above the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases. The reactor has a heating means in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter. 18.-. (canceled)9151351911119119131. An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate , comprising a reactor () for droplet polymerization comprising an apparatus () for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate comprising holes through which the monomer solution is introduced , an addition point () for a gas above the apparatus () for dropletization , at least one gas withdrawal point () on the circumference of the reactor () and a fluidized bed () , wherein above the gas withdrawal point () the reactor () comprises a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point () the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases , wherein the reactor () comprises a heating means () in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter.1031. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means () supplies a heat output in the range of from 20 to 5000 W/m.1131. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means () is an electric heater.123131. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the heating means is a double shell or takes the form of heating coils () applied to the outside of the reactor shell ...

Method and device for the hydrolysis of liquid, organic substrates

In a method for the hydrolysis of liquid, organic substrates (), the substrate to be hydrolysed is introduced into a circulation loop for heating, where an equal amount of hydrolysed substrate () is displaced from the circulation loop (). An appropriate system can have a circulation loop, a feed device, a circulation pump for generating a circulation flow in the circulation loop, and a heater for heating and reheating the circulation flow. 1. Method for a hydrolysis of liquid , organic substrates , wherein a substrate to be hydrolysed is introduced into a circulation loop for heating and wherein an equal amount of hydrolysed substrate is displaced from said circulation loop.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said introduced substrate is mixed with a chemical in order to change its pH value to increase an effect of said hydrolysis.3. Method according to claim 2 , wherein said introduced substrate is mixed with caustic solution in order to increase said pH value claim 2 , to increase an effect of said hydrolysis claim 2 , and to at least partially re-neutralize said caustic solution by means of organic acids released in said process.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein a dwell time of said substrate in said circulation loop is increased by an additional volume in said circulation.5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein a volume flow of said circulation and a volume flow of a discharging substrate leave a volume in said circulation through different outlets.6. Method according to claim 4 , wherein said additional volume is formed by internal fittings so as to avoid a complete mixing claim 4 , where said discharging substrate has a different dwell time compared with a circulation flow.7. Method according to claim 6 , wherein said dwell time of said discharging volume flow of said substrate is greater than said dwell time of said circulation flow.8. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said substrate is fed into a circulation flow upstream of a heater.9. ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF POLYURETHANE RESIN

A preparation method of a polyurethane resin including the following steps is provided. A liquid polyamine compound is placed in a continuous reaction system, and the liquid polyamine compound is circulated in the continuous reaction system. A solid bis(cyclic carbonate) and a solid catalyst are placed in the continuous reaction system to mix the solid bis(cyclic carbonate), solid catalyst, and liquid polyamine compound to form a heterogeneous mixture. The heterogeneous mixture is heated in the continuous reaction system in a microwave manner, such that the heterogeneous mixture reacts to form a polyurethane resin. 1. A preparation method of a polyurethane resin , comprising:placing a liquid polyamine compound in a continuous reaction system and circulating the liquid polyamine compound in the continuous reaction system;placing a solid bis(cyclic carbonate) and a solid catalyst in the continuous reactor system to mix the solid bis(cyclic carbonate), the solid catalyst, and the liquid polyamine compound to form a heterogeneous mixture; andheating the heterogeneous mixture in the continuous reaction system in a microwave manner, such that the heterogeneous mixture reacts to form a polyurethane resin.2. The preparation method of the polyurethane resin of claim 1 , wherein the continuous reaction system comprises:a collection tank used to house the liquid polyamine compound, the solid bis(cyclic carbonate), and the solid catalyst; anda microwave reactor comprising a reaction chamber and at least one magnetron, wherein the reaction chamber has an inlet and an outlet, the inlet and the outlet are respectively coupled to the collection tank, and the heterogeneous mixture receives a microwave generated by the at least one magnetron in the reaction chamber to be heated.3. The preparation method of the polyurethane resin of claim 2 , wherein the continuous reaction system further comprises a first release port located between the outlet of the reaction chamber and the ...

REACTION CONTAINER

The invention relates to a reaction container for stabilizing the temperature of a liquid mixture substances, the reaction container comprising an upper container part and a lower container part, in which the lower container part has an inner direct means of refrigeration and an outer indirect means of refrigeration in addition to an inner, direct means of heating and an outer, indirect means of heating. 111-. (canceled)12. A reaction container comprising ,a container upper part and a container bottom part, wherein the container bottom part has an internal, direct cooling and an external, indirect cooling and an inner, direct heating and an outer, indirect heating to stabilize the temperature of a liquid substance mixture.13. The reaction container according to claim 12 , wherein the inner cooling and the inner heating and the outer cooling and the outer heating are coupled to a thermal management system.14. The reaction container according to claim 13 , wherein the thermal management system comprises a thermal oil heater.15. The reaction container according to claim 12 , wherein the container upper part is configured larger than the container bottom part.16. The reaction container according to claim 14 , further comprising one or more distillation columns arranged on the container upper part.17. The reaction container according to claim 16 , wherein a pressure relief valve is arranged on the container upper part.18. The reaction container according to claim 16 , wherein a heavy particle collector is arranged on the container lower part.19. The reaction container according to claim 12 , further comprising a submersible pump and/or an agitator arranged in the container interior.20. A method of using the reaction vessel according to comprising claim 12 , carrying out a catalytic pressureless depolymerization of carbonaceous input material.21. A method to temperature-stabilize a liquid substance mixture hi the reaction container of comprising claim 13 ,keeping the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COMPOSITE

A method and apparatus for preparing a composite, in which the angle between the apparatus base and the apparatus body is adjusted by the elevator device, the solid raw material is loaded into the reactor by the solid feeding device, the main reaction gas, the auxiliary gas and the carrier gas are introduced from the front gas intake unit into the main reaction zone at a preset ratio, followed by the active material deposited on solid particles, the post-processing reaction gas is introduced from the middle gas intake unit to the post-processing reaction zone to form a functional layer on the active material, the prepared composite powder is separated and collected from the gas-solid mixture in the collection device. The exhaust gas is released from the exhaust manifold into an exhaust gas treatment system after minority powder filtered by the filter.

Methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

SUSTAINED SUPER-SATURATIONS FOR CONDENSATIONAL GROWTH OF PARTICLES

An apparatus and method for creating enlarged particles in a flow. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. A heater heats a first portion of the tube along a first, longitudinal portion of the tube, and a cooler cools a second, longitudinal portion of the tube along at least a second portion of the tube. The method includes heating a first portion of the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube, and simultaneously cooling a second portion of the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output. 1. An apparatus adapted to create enlarged particles in a flow , comprising:a coiled tube having an inner surface defining a tube cross-section, the coiled tube having a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output;a heater configured to heat the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section, the first longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section having a first arcuate position relative to a cross-section of the tube along the length of the tube; anda cooler configured to cool the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube cross-setion, the second longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section having a second arcuate position relative to a cross-section of the tube along the length of the tube.2. The apparatus of wherein the interior surface is adapted to be wetted with a condensing fluid.3. The apparatus of wherein the tube has a circular cross-section claim 1 , and each of the first portion of the tube and the second portion of the tube has an arc length in a range of 130-170° claim 1 , the first portion of the tube and the second ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBING RESIN PARTICLES

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. 1. An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted , the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor , the apparatus comprising:a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted;a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container;a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; anda spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe, whereinin a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray ...

Zeolite production method

Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≦SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ≦2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.

Method and a Device for Preparation of Expanded Microspheres

The invention relates to a method and a device for the preparation of expanded thermoplastic microspheres from unexpanded thermally expandable thermoplastic microspheres comprising a thermoplastic polymer shell encapsulating a blowing agent. The method comprises: (a) feeding a slurry of such expandable thermoplastic microspheres in a liquid medium into a heating zone; (b) heating the slurry in the heating zone, without direct contact with any fluid heat transfer medium, so the expandable microspheres reach at least a temperature at which they would have started to expand at atmospheric pressure, and maintaining a pressure in the heating zone sufficiently high so the microspheres in the slurry do not-fully expand; and, (c) withdrawing the slurry of expandable microspheres from the heating zone into a zone with a pressure sufficiently low for the microspheres to expand. 1. A method for the preparation of expanded thermoplastic microspheres from unexpanded thermally expandable thermoplastic microspheres comprising a thermoplastic polymer shell encapsulating a blowing agent , said method comprising:(a) feeding a slurry of such expandable thermoplastic microspheres in a liquid medium into a heating zone;(b) heating the slurry in the heating zone, without direct contact with any fluid heat transfer medium, so the expandable microspheres reach at least a temperature at which they would have started to expand at atmospheric pressure, and maintaining a pressure in the heating zone sufficiently high so the microspheres in the slurry do not fully expand; and,(c) withdrawing the slurry of expandable microspheres from the heating zone into a zone with a pressure sufficiently low for the microspheres to expand.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the heating zone is maintained from 5 to 50 bars.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the slurry of expandable microspheres is heated in the heating zone to a temperature from 60° C. to 160° C.4. The method of claim 1 , ...

Method for calcination of a carbon dioxide rich sorbent

A method for calcination includes providing a heated coarse solid particle stream with a carbon dioxide rich sorbent to a reactor having a rotatable container.

PRESSURE OXIDATION OF ENARGITE CONCENTRATES CONTAINING GOLD AND SILVER

Disclosed herein is a treated ore solid comprising a reduced amount of a contaminant, for example arsenic, compared to the ore solid prior to treatment. Also disclosed are temperature and pressure modifications, parameters, and methods for treating an ore solid by pressure oxidation leaching of enargite concentrates. The disclosed methods and processes may be applied to copper sulfide orebodies and concentrates containing arsenic. In some cases, the disclosed methods and systems extract, remove, or reduce contaminants, for example arsenic, from an ore containing solution at moderately increased temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration, and in the presence of an acid. 1. A treated ore solid comprising:a percentage of at least one metal; anda percentage of an element;a percentage of enargite; anda percentage of covellite;wherein the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is less than the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is reduced compared to the ore solid prior to treatment; andwherein the percent is measure by chemical (for example acid titration), visual (for example mineral liberation analyzer), and/or spectral analysis (for example x-ray diffraction).2. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of covellite in the treated ore solid is increased compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.3. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the element is arsenic.4. The treated ore solid of claim 3 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.5. The treated ore solid of claim 4 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced between about 30% and 80% compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.6. The treated ore solid of claim 5 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced about 47%.7. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is reduced between ...

Apparatus and Methods for Treatment of Radioactive Organic Waste

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes. 1. A method for treating radioactive waste comprising organic compounds , and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds , the method comprising:(a) adding radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds; and one or more co-reactants to a reaction vessel comprising a filter to form a bed in the lower portion of the reaction vessel comprising a filter;(b) heating the reaction vessel comprising a filter to a temperature of in the range of about 250° C. to about 1050° C. to form pyrolyzed radioactive waste residues and waste gases;(c) agitating, partially fluidizing or jetting the bed of the reaction vessel comprising a filter;(d) optionally, adding a reactive gas to the reaction vessel to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues;(e) removing pyrolyzed radioactive waste residues from the reaction vessel comprising a filter for disposal; and(f) transferring the waste gases from the reaction vessel comprising a filter to a thermal oxidizer for combustion;wherein the reaction vessel comprising a filter may optionally be heated to a temperature of in the range of about 250° C. to about 1050° C. prior to step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) may be carried out prior to step (a).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises adding a reactive gas to the reaction vessel comprising a filter to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of adding a reactive gas to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues is carried out at a temperature below that which the sulfur- ...

METHOD FOR SELF-REGULATION OF A SYSTEM

The invention relates to a method for self-regulation of a system comprising the steps of: 118-. (canceled)19. A method for self-regulation of a system , the method comprising: a. are localized in the control volume by the magnetic field, when said particles have ferromagnetic properties, and transported out of the control volume by a flowing fluid or gravity, when said particles have paramagnetic properties, or', 'b. are transported out of the control volume by the magnetic field, when said particles have ferromagnetic properties, and are localized in the control volume, when said particles have paramagnetic properties, and, '(I) utilizing a magnetic field to transport magnetizable and/or magnetic particles out of a control volume or to localize said particles in the control volume, wherein the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles(II) changing magnetic properties of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles, which are ferromagnetic or paramagnetic, in the control volume by changing a temperature Tp of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles or by changing the composition of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles,wherein at least one chemical reaction is carried out in the control volume.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the magnetic field is a moving magnetic field.21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the temperature Tp increases and the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles are transported out of the control volume when their temperature Tp is higher than their Curie temperature Tc.22. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one chemical reaction is an exothermic reaction.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the temperature Tp increases and at least part of the energy for elevating the temperature Tp is liberated by the exothermic reaction.24. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the temperature Tp decreases and the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles are transported out of the control volume ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SYNGAS THROUGH REGENERATION OF COKED UPGRADATION AGENT

The present invention relates to a process for the production of high quality synthesis gas rich in hydrogen during the process of upgrading the residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock by rejuvenating the spent upgrading material in Reformer in absence of air/oxygen without supplying external heat source other than the heat generated inside the process during combustion of residual coke deposited on the upgrading material. The present invention further relates to the apparatus used for preparation of syngas wherein said syngas thus produced is used for production of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the present invention also provides system and method for preparing pure hydrogen from syngas. 1. A process for producing syngas rich in hydrogen , during the process of upgrading residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock , the process comprising , partially regenerating spent upgrading agent , obtained from a Riser , in a Reformer with steam and in absence of oxygen containing gases to obtain syngas rich in hydrogen , wherein the spent upgrading agent constitutes 1 to 5 wt % coke , and the Reformer is maintained at a temperature of 650 to 850° C. without supplying external heat.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the Reformer is maintained by circulating the rejuvenated agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising injecting an oil soluble organo-metallic additive selected from alkali and alkaline earth metal additives in the Reformer.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising introducing partially rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Reformer claim 1 , to a Combustor and burning the partially rejuvenated upgrading agent at a temperature in the range of 750° C. to 950° C. and in presence of a stream of oxygen containing gases in the Combustor to obtain rejuvenated upgrading agent and flue gas.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising introducing the rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.6. The ...

COUNTERCURRENT HEAT EXCHANGER/REACTOR

Counter-flow heat exchanged is constructed with plenums at either end that separate the opposing fluids, the channels of which are arrayed in a checkerboard patterns, such that any given channel is surrounded by channels of opposing streams on four sides—laterally on both sides and vertically above and below. 130-. (canceled)31. A device including channels arranged for countercurrent flow comprising:a bundle of channels comprising a first plurality of channels and a second plurality of channels configured to flow fluids counter-currently in opposite directions whereby opposing streams of fluid are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, such that for any given channel there exist alongside, in four directions, laterally on both sides, above and below, channels containing the opposite fluid;wherein the second plurality of channels confines one of the opposing streams through a plenum area at either end of the bundle, and extends into a cavity through which fluid enters or exits the device by second flowstream ports in a wall of the cavity; andwherein the second plurality of channels that penetrates the plenum area may be altered in size or shape, or both size and shape, so as to ensure free space completely around the second plurality of channels, such that fluid is free to flow between the second plurality of channels to or from first flowstream ports.32. The device of wherein the areal density of the bundle of channels is greater than 400 m/m.33. The device of wherein a heat transfer coefficient is enhanced by means of structural changes in walls of the individual channels claim 31 , leading to increased turbulence in the flowing stream.34. The device of wherein a cross-sectional shape of individual channels in the first plurality of channels is a hollow polygon of no more than four sides claim 31 , while a cross-sectional shape of the second plurality of channels takes the form of any shape and size claim 31 , including the voids created between the walls of the first ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties. 136-. (canceled)37. A method for carbothermically producing a ceramic powder , the method comprising:a) preheating at least one container in a staging zone, wherein the at least one container comprises at least one preform, wherein the preform comprises carbon;b) moving the at least one container into a reactor body, wherein the reactor body comprises a reaction zone;c) carbothermically reacting the at least one preform in the reaction zone thereby producing a ceramic powder, wherein the carbothermically reacting comprises reducing, via the carbon of the preform, a metal compound of the preform to a metal carbide, a metal boride, or a metal nitride; andd) moving the at least one container from the reactor body to a receiving zone.38. The method of claim 37 , comprising flowing claim 37 , during at least the carbothermically reacting step claim 37 , a sweep gas into the at least one container.39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the at least one preform comprises a porosity claim 38 , wherein the flowing comprises flowing the sweep gas through at least one pore of the at least one preform.40. The method of claim ...

Powder stirring device

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged.

Optimized Reactor Configuration for Optimal Performance of the Aromax Catalyst for Aromatics Synthesis

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different. 1. A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising: a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace,', 'a heat source configured to heat an interior of the reactor furnace; and', 'a naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes,', 'wherein at least one tube of the plurality of tubes comprises a graded catalyst bed., 'an isothermal reactor comprising23.-. (canceled)4. The naphtha reforming reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the graded catalyst bed contains a plurality of catalyst zones.5. The naphtha reforming reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of catalyst zones comprises a first catalyst zone and a second catalyst zone claim 4 , wherein the first catalyst zone is upstream of the second catalyst zone.6. The naphtha reforming reactor system of claim 5 , wherein the first catalyst zone contains a first particle size of the naphtha reforming catalyst claim 5 , wherein the second catalyst zone contains a second particle size of the naphtha reforming catalyst claim 5 , and wherein the first particle size is larger than the second particle size.7. The naphtha reforming reactor system of ...

Radiant heat tube chemical reactor

A radiant heat-driven chemical reactor comprising a generally cylindrical pressure refractory lined vessel, a plurality of radiant heating tubes, and a metal tube sheet to form a seal for the pressure refractory lined vessel near a top end of the pressure refractory lined vessel. The metal tube sheet has a plurality of injection ports extending vertically through the metal tube sheet and into the refractory lined vessel such that biomass is injected at an upper end of the vessel between the radiant heating tubes, and the radiant heat is supplied to an interior of the plurality of radiant heating tubes. The radiant heat-driven chemical reactor is configured to 1) gasify particles of biomass in a presence of steam (H2O) to produce a low CO2 synthesis gas that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas, or 2) reform natural gas in a non-catalytic reformation reaction, using thermal energy from the radiant heat.

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods before gasification

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

Ethane and Ethylene to Aromatics

This invention pertains to the thermal catalytic synthesis of aromatic compounds from ethane and ethylene. Such synthesis converts lower-value compounds that can only be stored as a gas or liquid under high pressure to a more-valuable liquid compound that can be stored at ambient pressure. The resulting aromatic product is useful as a chemical feedstock or as fuel.

CONTINUOUS REACTION DEVICE FOR SYNTHESIZING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYL ETHERS

The present invention pertains to the technical field of energy resource chemical industry, and in particular relates to a continuous reaction device and process for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The continuous reaction device comprises multiple slurry bed stirred tank reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst. Each of the tank reactors is provided with an axial-flow stirring paddle having 2-6 blades per layer, to ensure sufficient mixing of the reactants with the catalyst. By using a distributed control pattern of reaction temperature and feedstock supplying to enhance the process and to optimize the operation, the reaction device of the present invention can effectively achieve large-scale continuous production of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers, and both the yield rates and the distribution of the reaction product are better than those of prior art. 1. A continuous reaction device for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers , the reaction using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock and being carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst , wherein ,the continuous reaction device comprises multiple reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform solid-liquid separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst;each of the tank reactors is independently controlled at a pressure of 1.0-4.0 MPa and a temperature of 50-120° C.; a molar ratio of paraformaldehyde or trioxane, metered in mole number of formaldehyde contained therein, to methylal in the feedstock is 0.5-5.0; ...

HYDROGENATION METHOD FOR INCREASING YIELD OF CYCLOHEXANE-1,4-DICARBOXYLIC ACID DIISOOCTYL ESTER

A hydrogenation method for increasing the yield of cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester is provided. The hydrogenation method uses a hydrogenating reaction tank, which is equipped with a hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer having air-extracting, air-exhausting and mixing functions, to allow hydrogen gas to be uniformly dispersed in a reaction solution. A ruthenium-on-alumina (Ru/AlO) hydrogenation catalyst can be used for carrying out a hydrogenation reaction under gentle conditions. Therefore, the hydrogenation catalyst can be used in a reduced amount, the risk of side reaction(s) can be reduced, and the yield of cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester can reach at least 99% with a cis isomer proportion of at least 85.0%. The hydrogenation method shows extremely high economic benefit. 1. A hydrogenation method for increasing the yield of cyclohexane-1 ,4-dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester , the yield being at least 99.0% with a cis isomer proportion of at least 85.0% , the hydrogenation method comprising:(1) placing a reaction solution into a hydrogenating reaction tank, the reaction solution including 80-100 wt % of dioctyl terephthalate, wherein the hydrogenating reaction tank is equipped with a hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer having air-extracting, air-exhausting and mixing functions;{'sub': 2', '3, '(2) adding a ruthenium-on-alumina (Ru/AlO) hydrogenation catalyst to the reaction solution, the ruthenium-on-alumina hydrogenation catalyst added in an amount of 0.01-15 wt % of the amount of dioctyl terephthalate;'}(3) feeding hydrogen gas into the hydrogenating reaction tank to maintain a hydrogen gas pressure at a constant value of 20-98 bar;(4) activating the hollow-shaft gas-introducing mixer of the hydrogenating reaction tank to mix the reaction solution and carrying out a hydrogenation reaction at 120-150° C. for 4-15 hours; and(5) cooling the reaction solution to room temperature and removing the ruthenium-on-alumina hydrogenation ...

Apparatus and Methods for Treatment of Radioactive Organic Waste

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes. 1. An apparatus for the treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds , the apparatus comprising:(a) a reaction vessel comprising a jetted bed in the lower portion of the reaction vessel, and a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste; and 'wherein the jetted bed comprises a bed of solids that is agitated in response to a localized introduction of jet gas, the jet gas inducing a mixing of the solids without fluidizing the bulk of the solids.', '(b) a thermal oxidizer,'}2. The apparatus of further comprising:(c) an adsorption vessel comprising one or more types of adsorbent media for adsorbing sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds after treatment of the waste by the reaction vessel.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bed in the reaction vessel comprising the filter comprises the waste claim 1 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 1 , inert bed media.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a process reaction vessel upstream of the reaction vessel comprising the filter.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the process reaction vessel further comprises a bed in the lower portion of the process reaction vessel.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the bed in the process reaction vessel comprises the waste claim 5 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 5 , inert bed media.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reaction vessel comprising the filter is below the temperature at which the sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen- ...

BIOMASS STORAGE SYSTEM

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material. 1. An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing , the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid , comprising:a controller configured to control the apparatus;a processing station, the processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material;a storage unit configured to hold a fluid;a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet having a fluid input connected to an output of the storage unit, the liquid outlet positioned to supply the fluid into the processing station for processing the biomass input material into the water storage material;a pump; anda basin, the basin configured to receive the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet, the basin positioned such that the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet passes through the processing station before being received in the basin, the basin operatively connected to an input of the storage unit such that fluid captured in the basin is returned to the storage unit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor configured to detect a status of the biomass input material during processing claim 1 , wherein the sensor further configured to provide a signal indicative of the status of the biomass input material to the controller.3. ...

Dual Bed Pyrolysis System and Method

A dual bed pyrolysis system may include a falling bed reactor employing a heat carrier particulate to pyrolyze biomass to create a pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis waste product. The dual bed pyrolysis system may also include a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor may accept the pyrolysis waste product including char and heat carrier particulate from the falling bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor may combust the char in the presence of the heat carrier particulate. The fluidized bed reactor may combust the char to reheat the heat carrier particulate. The reheated heat carrier particulate may be provided to the falling bed reactor to pyrolyze biomass to create a pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis waste product. 1. A dual bed pyrolysis system , comprising: a reactor conduit defining a flow axis;', 'an inlet operatively coupled to receive a heat carrier particulate into the reactor conduit;', 'an outlet operatively coupled to direct the heat carrier particulate out of the reactor conduit;', 'one or more baffles mounted in the reactor conduit; and, 'a falling bed reactor, comprising a fluidized bed char combustion chamber; and', 'a flow input and a flow output in fluidic communication with fluidized bed char combustion chamber;, 'a fluidized bed reactor, comprising the outlet of the falling bed reactor is operatively coupled to the flow input of the fluidized bed reactor; and', 'the flow output of the fluidized bed reactor is operatively coupled to the inlet of the falling bed reactor., 'wherein2. The dual bed pyrolysis system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of:a first auger or conveyor or downward sloping pipe, the outlet of falling bed reactor being operatively coupled to the flow input of the fluidized bed reactor via the first auger or conveyor or downward sloping pipe; anda second auger or conveyor or downward sloping pipe, the flow output of the fluidized bed reactor being operatively coupled to the inlet of the falling bed reactor via ...

AN IMPROVED LED BASED PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR

The present invention provides an improved photochemical rector assembly device, particularly a light emitting diode (LED) based small photochemical reactor and methods for performing the photochemical transformations using the instantly presented device. Accordingly, the present invention relates to an improved photochemical transformation reaction by exposing the reaction mixture to a photochemical rector device as shown in fig. A-G, comprising of (i) light emitting diode (LED) panel (), (ii) Aluminium based heat sink, and (iii) cooling fan. 1. A photochemical rector device assembly as shown in Figures: A-G;comprising of{'b': '1', '(a) light source ();'}{'b': '3', '(b) heat dissipation assembly (); and'}{'b': '4', '(c) cooling assembly ().'}21. The device according to the claim 1 , wherein the light source () is a light emitting diode (LED) panel having wavelength selected from Violet (395-430 nm) claim 1 , Indigo (430-450 nm) claim 1 , Blue (450-480 nm) claim 1 , Blue-Green (480-520 nm) claim 1 , Green (520-555 nm) claim 1 , Yellow-Green (555-585 nm) claim 1 , Yellow (585-600 nm) claim 1 , Amber (600-615 nm) claim 1 , Orange (615-625 nm) claim 1 , Orange-Red (625-640 nm) and/or Red (640-700 nm).33. The device according to the claim 1 , wherein the heat dissipation assembly () is an aluminium based heat sink.44. The device according to the claim 1 , wherein the cooling assembly () is a cooling fan.8. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the catalyst is a photocatalyst selected from [4 claim 5 ,4′-Bis(tert-butyl)-2 claim 5 ,2′-bipyridine]bis[3 claim 5 ,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]phenyl]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate (Ir[dF(CF)ppy](dtbbpy)PF6).9. The process according to 6 claim 5 , wherein the catalyst is a photocatalyst selected from [4 claim 5 ,4′-Bis(tert-butyl)-2 claim 5 ,2′-bipyridine]bis[3 claim 5 ,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] phenyl]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate (Ir[dF(CF)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6).10. The process ...

Optimized Reactor Configuration for Optimal Performance of the Aromax Catalyst for Aromatics Synthesis

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different. 1. A method comprising:introducing a hydrocarbon feed stream to a first reactor operating under adiabatic naphtha reforming conditions, wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst, and wherein the hydrocarbon feed stream comprises a convertible hydrocarbon;converting at least a portion of the convertible hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon feed stream to an aromatic hydrocarbon in the first reactor to form a first reactor effluent;passing the first reactor effluent from the first reactor to a second reactor operating under isothermal naphtha reforming conditions, wherein the second reactor comprises a second naphtha reforming catalyst, and wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different;converting at least an additional portion of the convertible hydrocarbon in the first reactor effluent to an additional amount of the aromatic hydrocarbon in the second reactor to form a second reactor effluent; andrecovering the second reactor effluent from the second reactor, wherein an amount of the first naphtha reforming catalyst in the first ...

Apparatus for sustained super-saturations for condensational growth of particles

An apparatus and method for creating enlarged particles in a flow. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. A heater heats a first portion of the tube along a first, longitudinal portion of the tube, and a cooler cools a second, longitudinal portion of the tube along at least a second portion of the tube. The method includes heating a first portion of the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube, and simultaneously cooling a second portion of the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output.

INTEGRATED C3-C4 HYDROCARBON DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS

An integrated process for producing C3-C4 olefins or di-olefins including: contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst feed in a fluidized dehydrogenation reactor under conditions such that a product mixture is formed and the catalyst is at least partially deactivated; transferring the product mixture and the catalyst from the reactor to a cyclonic separation system under conditions such that the product mixture is converted to form a new product mixture and is separated from the catalyst; transferring at least a portion of the catalyst to a regenerator vessel and heating it in order to combust the coke deposited thereon; subjecting the catalyst to a conditioning step to form an oxygen-containing, at least partially reactivated catalyst; and transferring the partially reactivated catalyst back to the fluidized dehydrogenation reactor. 1. An integrated process for producing C3-C4 olefins or C3-C4 di-olefins comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', 'claim-text': (i) a C3-C4 hydrocarbon feed and', '(ii) a catalyst feed comprising a catalyst;', 'under conditions such that a step (1)(a) product mixture, comprising a C3-C4 target olefin or di-olefin, hydrogen and unreacted C3-C4 hydrocarbon feed, is formed;, '() (a) contacting, in a fluidized dehydrogenation reactor,'} 'the catalyst has coke deposited thereon and is at least partially deactivated such that it forms an at least partially deactivated catalyst; and', 'and'}(b) transferring the step (1)(a) product mixture and the at least partially deactivated catalyst from the fluidized dehydrogenation reactor to a cyclonic separation system, andunder conditions such that the step (1)(a) product mixture is converted to form a step (1)(b) product mixture; andthereafter substantially separating the step (1)(b) product mixture and the at least partially deactivated catalyst from each other;(c) transferring at least a portion of the at least partially deactivated catalyst to a regenerator vessel and heating the at least partially ...

Synthesis of Guerbet Alcohols

A method and system for preparing a mixture of Guerbet alcohols where one or more primary alcohols of the formula RCHCHOH are provided, with R representing hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group of 1 to 14 carbon atoms. A base and a catalyst are provided, which are mixed with the primary alcohol(s). The resulting mixture is heated to a process temperature above the boiling point of water under reaction conditions and the water resulting from the thus obtained condensation and dehydration of the primary alcohols is then removed constantly. When the Guerbet reaction has reached a certain stage, at least part of the reaction mixture is removed, followed by a separation of the desired Guerbet alcohols from the removed part of the reaction mixture. The other alcohols are then returned to the reaction mixture for obtaining a higher amount of the desired Guerbet alcohols. 1. A method for preparing a mixture of Guerbet alcohols , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'providing a starting material comprising one or more primary alcohols of the formula RCHCHOH, where R is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group of 1 to 14 carbon atoms;'}providing a base;providing a catalyst;mixing the starting material with the base and the catalyst and heating the thus obtained reaction mixture to a process temperature above the boiling point of water under reaction conditions while removing the water resulting from the thus obtained condensation and dehydration of the primary alcohols;removing at least part of the reaction mixture;separating the desired Guerbet alcohols from the removed part of the reaction mixture; andreturning the other alcohols and optionally other intermediates from the removed part of the reaction mixture to the reaction mixture.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the starting material further contains primary alcohols in which the carbon atom in beta-position is bonded to two or three alkyl groups claim 1 , secondary alcohols claim ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DEVULCANIZED RUBBER AND AN APPARATUS THEREFOR

A method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus () therefor. The method for producing devulcanized rubber comprises the steps of (1) providing vulcanized rubber particles with a pre-determined particle size and (2) devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber particles. The vulcanized rubber particles are devulcanized mechanically by impact forces and devulcanized chemically by a chemical composition. The impact forces break sulphur- sulphur and sulphur-carbon bonds of the vulcanized rubber particles causing surfaces of the rubber to become receptive in reacting with the chemical composition and the chemical composition renders the sulphur passive to prevent reattachment of the bonds, of which the chemical composition comprises at least one accelerator, at least one inorganic activator and at least one organic activator. 132.-. (canceled)33. A method for producing devulcanized rubber comprising the steps of:a) providing vulcanized rubber particles with a pre-determined particle size; andb) devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber particles,wherein the vulcanized rubber particles are devulcanized mechanically by impact forces and devulcanized chemically by a chemical composition, whereby the impact forces break sulphur-sulphur and sulphur-carbon bonds of the vulcanized rubber particles causing surfaces of the rubber to become receptive in reacting with the chemical composition and the chemical composition renders the sulphur passive to prevent reattachment of the bonds, of which the chemical composition comprises at least one accelerator, at least one inorganic activator and at least one organic activator, andwherein the method for producing devulcanized rubber further comprises a step of introducing clay.34. The method for producing devulcanized rubber as claimed in claim 33 , wherein the method further comprising a step of introducing a plasticizer to the devulcanized rubber.35. The method for producing devulcanized rubber as claimed in claim 34 , wherein the ...

Methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

System and Method for the Calcination of Minerals

A system and method for the calcination of minerals. The system comprises a vertically disposed reactor segment configured to impart horizontal forces on particles passing through the reactor segment in a vertical direction; an injector unit for receiving granular feedstock, the injector unit being disposed at a top portion of the reactor segment, whereby granules of the feedstock move through the reactor segment in a granular flow under at least one of a group consisting of a force of steam, gravitational force and a centrifugal force; a reactor heat exchange unit thermally coupled to a wall of the reactor segment for providing heat to the flowing granules inside the reactor segment through heat transfer through the wall of the reactor segment; one or more inlets formed in the reactor segment for introducing a superheated gas into the reactor segment to create conditions of a gas-solid multiphase system; and one or more exhaust openings formed in the retort segment such that gas products are at least partially flushed from the reactor segment under the flow of the superheated gas from the inlets to the exhaust openings.

BIOMASS STORAGE SYSTEM

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material. 1. An apparatus for detecting a condition of a ground material and placing a water storage material in the ground material , the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid , comprising:a vehicle including a sensor and a burying mechanism;wherein the sensor is configured to detect the condition of the ground material and to provide a sensor signal; andwherein the burying mechanism is configured to bury the water storage material at a burying depth below a surface of the ground material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the condition of the ground material comprises a presence or absence of a previously placed water storage material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the condition of the ground material comprises a presence or absence of water within the ground material.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the burying mechanism is adjustable such that the burying depth is adjustable.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the burying mechanism is adjustable such that the water storage material can be buried at different densities.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is an RFID reader.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a controller claim 1 , the controller is configured to receive the sensor signal from the sensor and is further configured to send a burying signal to the burying mechanism claim 1 , the burying signal ...

Systems for promoting endothermic conversions with oxygen transfer agents

A system for promoting endothermic conversions includes a first and second portion, a first and second supply, a first outlet, and a heat exchanger. The first portion defines a first inner volume containing an oxygen transfer agent. The first supply contains a reducing agent and is fluidly connected to the first inner volume. The first outlet conveys one or more of carbon dioxide, water, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon from the first inner volume. The second portion and the heat exchanger positioned within the second portion define a second inner volume containing reduced oxygen transfer agent. The second supply contains an oxidizing agent fluidly connected to the second inner volume. The heat exchanger also defines a third inner volume segregated from the second inner volume, and the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat resulting from the oxidation of the reduced oxygen transfer agent to the third inner volume.

SHELL-AND-MULTI-TRIPLE CONCENTRIC-TUBE REACTOR AND HEAT EXCHANGER

The present disclosure relates to a shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube reactor and a shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube heat exchanger, and to a shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube reactor and a shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube heat exchanger which provide a new type of reactor and heat exchanger, thereby maximizing catalyst performance and improving performance of the reactor by optimizing heat exchange efficiency and a heat flow, uniformly distributing a reactant, and increasing a flow rate of the reactant, and accordingly making the reactor and the heat exchanger compact. 1. A shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube reactor comprising:a shell side heating medium flow zone in which a shell side heating medium flows along a route formed by a baffle in a shell;a catalytic reaction zone in which a reactant is distributed to respective catalytic reaction flow paths by a reactant distributing unit, and the reactant performs a catalytic reaction with a catalyst positioned in the catalytic reaction flow paths, the catalytic reaction zone including a product capturing unit which captures a product produced by a heat exchange between the shell side heating medium and an inner heating medium and an unreacted material which is not reacted; andan inner heating medium flow zone in which the inner heating medium is distributed to inner heating medium inlet tubes inserted into the catalytic reaction flow paths by an inner heating medium distributing unit, and the inner heating medium, which exchanges heat with the catalytic reaction flow paths, is discharged to an inner heating medium capturing unit through inner heating medium discharge tubes,wherein one end of the inner heating medium inlet tube inserted into the catalytic reaction flow path is configured to be closed,the inner heating medium discharge tube includes a configuration that is inserted into the inner heating medium inlet tube and opened, such that the inner heating medium flowing into the inner ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties. 1. A method for carbothermically producing a ceramic powder , the method comprising: (i) wherein the at least one preform comprises a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises a carbon source and at least one of (a) a metal oxide and (b) boric acid; and', '(ii) wherein the at least one preform comprises at least one gas channel;, 'a) preheating at least one container in a staging zone, wherein the at least one container comprises at least one preform;'}b) moving the at least one container into a reactor body, wherein the reactor body comprises a reaction zone;c) carbothermically reacting the at least one preform in the reaction zone thereby producing a ceramic powder, wherein the carbothermically reacting comprises reducing, via the carbon of the at least one preform, at least one of the metal oxide and the boric acid of the at least one preform to form the ceramic powder, wherein the ceramic powder comprises ceramic particles, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from the group consisting of metal carbide particles, metal boride particles, metal nitride particles, and combinations therefor; andd) moving the ...

Optimized Reactor Configuration for Optimal Performance of the Aromax Catalyst for Aromatics Synthesis

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

EMBEDDED ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

Systems for dehydrogenating an alkane are provided. An exemplary system includes a furnace and further includes alkane heating chambers, regeneration mixture heating chambers, and two groups of reaction chambers, all located within the furnace. The alkane heating chambers and regeneration mixture heating chambers can preheat an alkane feed and a regeneration mixture feed, respectively. The two groups of reaction chambers can be switchably coupled to an alkane feed and a regeneration mixture feed such that an alkane can flow through one group of reaction chambers while a regeneration mixture flows through the other group of reaction chambers. Processes for dehydrogenating an alkane are also provided. 1. A system for dehydrogenating an alkane , comprising:a furnace;one or more alkane heating chambers located within the furnace for preheating an alkane feed;one or more regeneration mixture heating chambers located within the furnace for preheating a regeneration mixture feed;a first group of two or more reaction chambers located within the furnace for dehydrogenating an alkane, the first group of reaction chambers being switchably coupled to the alkane heating chambers to receive a heated alkane feed therefrom, and switchably coupled to the regeneration mixture heating chambers to receive a heated regeneration mixture feed therefrom; anda second group of two or more reaction chambers located within the furnace for dehydrogenating an alkane, the second group of reaction chambers being switchably coupled to the alkane heating chambers to receive a heated alkane feed therefrom, and switchably coupled to the regeneration mixture heating chambers and configured to receive a heated regeneration mixture feed therefrom;the system being configured such that when the first group of reaction chambers are switched to receive the heated alkane feed, the second group of reaction chambers are switched to receive the heated regeneration mixture feed; andwhen the first group of ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBING RESIN PARTICLES

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. A product with further stable physical properties can thereby be acquired. 1. A method for producing water-absorbing resin particles , the method comprising a surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor , the water-absorbing resin particle precursor including unreacted monomers , whereinthe surface cross-linking treatment is conducted by an apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles, andthe apparatus includes:a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted;a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container;a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container;a decompressing device that reduces a pressure in the treatment container; anda spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the ...

Staged fluid catalytic cracking processes incorporating a solids separation device for upgrading naphtha range material

Processes and systems for the conversion of hydrocarbons herein may include separating an effluent from a moving bed reactor, the effluent including reaction product, first particulate catalyst, and second particulate catalyst. The separating may recover a first stream including the reaction product and first particulate catalyst and a second stream including second particulate catalyst. The second stream may be admixed with a regenerated catalyst stream including both first and second particulate catalyst at an elevated temperature. The admixing may produce a mixed catalyst at a relatively uniform temperature less than the elevated regenerated catalyst temperature, where the temperature is more advantageous for contacting light naphtha and heavy naphtha within the moving bed reactor to produce the effluent including the reaction product, the first particulate catalyst, and the second particulate catalyst.

A high temperature reactor and method of producing nanostructures

A method of producing nanostructures by supplying particulate solid and gaseous reactants to a reactor, heating the reactor to an elevated temperature and causing relative movement of the solid reactants such as to promote the growth of nanostructures. A high temperature reactor for performing the method includes a reactor chamber having an inlet and an outlet, multiple drums for accommodating solid reactant material, a drive system that causes rotation of the drums and a heating system for heating the chamber. 1. A method of producing nanostructures comprising the steps of:i. supplying particulate solid reactants to a reactor;ii. supplying reactant gas to the reactor;iii. heating the reactor to an elevated temperature; andiv. causing relative movement of the solid reactants such as to promote the growth of nanostructures.2. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are rotated in the reactor.3. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are contained within one or more drum that is rolled within the reactor.4. A method as claimed in wherein the solid reactants are rotated within a rotational reactor.5. A method of producing Silicon Nitride nanostructures comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'i. supplying solid reactants to a reactor including a carbon source and SiO;'}ii. supplying reactant gas to the reactor and maintaining a reactant gas flow rate of between 2 to 50 cm/min; andiii. heating the reactor to an elevated temperature.6. A method as claimed in wherein carbon monoxide concentration is maintained below 10%.7. A method as claimed in or wherein the cycle time of the solid reactants through the reactor is 4 to 12 hours.8. A method as claimed in or wherein the cycle time of the solid reactants through the reactor is 4 to 6 hours.9. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the reactant gas flow rate is between 2 to 30 cm/min.10. A method as claimed in any one of to wherein the reactant gas flow rate is between 4 to 10 cm/min.11. A method ...

METHOD OF PREPARING CORE-SHELL PARTICLES

A method of manufacturing core-shell particles comprises: filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of a non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside; rotating the rotor after terminating the filling; forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates; supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed; separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; and drying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating. 1. A method of manufacturing core-shell particles , the method comprising:filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of an non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside;rotating the rotor after terminating the filling;forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates;supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed;separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; anddrying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein as the liquid comprising the core-shell particles separated at the separating claim 1 , a reactant in a normal state within the reactor is used.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein lithium chloride ...

Apparatus of Hydrocarbon Fuel Reactors Having Carbon Dioxide Separated and Purified with Space Efficiency

An apparatus of hydrocarbon fuel reactors separates and purifies carbon dioxide (CO). Interconnected fluidized beds are applied in chemical-looping combustion. A multi-stage reduction reaction is processed with iron-based oxygen carriers. Three reduction stages using the iron-based oxygen carriers are accurately and completely controlled. Each of the three stages is separately processed in an individual space. Oxygen in the iron-based oxygen carriers can be fully released. High-purity COis obtained. Hydrogen can be produced as an option. Horizontal connection of three reduction reactors is changed into vertical one. An oxidation reactor is further connected. Thus, the whole structure occupies less area and effectively uses vertical space. Not only small space is effectively used; but also high-volume capacity is obtained. Each of the reactors has better geometry flexibility. The tandem reactor in each layer has less geometric influence and limitation. Therefore, each of the reactors can be resized on its own. 1. An apparatus of hydrocarbon fuel reactors having carbon dioxide (CO) separated and purified , comprising: wherein the said first reduction reactor comprises a first lean bed and a first dense bed, a first orifice located at a side of bottom of said first dense bed, and a first weir located at a side of top of said first lean bed; and', {'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '4', '3', '4, 'wherein ferric oxide (FeO) is added to the said first lean bed and used as an iron-based oxygen carrier; a first stage of a reduction reaction is processed to obtain a gas comprising COand steam and reduce FeOto ferroferric oxide (FeO); and FeOrises up in said first lean bed and crosses over said first weir;'}], 'a first reduction reactor,'} wherein the said second reduction reactor is located below and connected to the said first reduction reactor; while comprises a second lean bed and a second dense bed, a second orifice located at a side of bottom of said second dense bed, ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ENERGY PRODUCTS BY CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A HYDROCARBON-BASED SOLID MATERIAL WITHOUT COKE FORMATION

The invention relates to a process for producing energy products, notably fuel, by catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon-based solid material without coke formation, in which a cracking dispersion () is heated, said dispersion comprising:

Shear Retort for Ablative Pyrolysis

A shear retort mill for slow ablative pyrolysis features friction heating between shearing surfaces on a rotating disk and a static or rotating cylindrical drum enclosing the disk. A feed enters the workspace between the rotating disk and the bottom of the drum through a hollow feed shaft coupled to the rotating disk. Preferably, an auger compacts and moves the feed downward, and a shredder reduces the feed's particle size. The feed is increasingly ground and pyrolyzed as it is forced between the drum and disk shearing surface. As the dense processed material extrudes at the edge of the workspace, the gases and liquid products are forced inward by the barrier of dense solids. A static exhaust pipe at the center of the rotating feed shaft allows for the exit of these gases, which preferably go to a heat exchanger to recover any condensable fractions. 1. A shear retort processor apparatus for slow ablative pyrolysis , comprising:a rotating disk with a shearing surface centered on an axis of rotation and having a flattened conical profile;a drive motor coupled to the rotating disk to produce disk rotation on said axis of rotation;a cylindrical drum having a disk interior and enclosing said rotating disk, the drum also centered on said axis of rotation, having a drum interior and enclosing said disk, and having a shearing surface facing said shearing surface of said rotating disk;a workspace defined by the space between the rotating disk and the drum;a hollow feed shaft coupled to the rotating disk and centered on said axis of rotation;a feed introduced into the hollow feed shaft and then into the workspace to produce processed solid material, gaseous emissions and liquid fractions;a static exhaust pipe also centered on said axis of rotation, extending downwards into said workspace and upwards beyond said feed shaft, and serving as a conduit for the exhaust of gaseous emissions; anda drum storage area located in the interior of the drum and exterior to the workspace and ...

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS TREATMENT METHOD

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprising a solids content of not more than 80% by weight, said process comprising the use of at least one reactor () for treating said biomass, in which the or at least one of said reactors is fed with biomass via a feed means () creating a pressure increase between the biomass inlet and the biomass outlet of said feed means, in which said feed means is washed by circulation of a washing fluid between a washing inlet () and a washing outlet (). According to the process, at least a portion of the washing fluid () exiting the fluid outlet of the at least one feed means () is reintroduced into the washing inlet of the same feed means or of another of said feed means. 1914611712813611. A process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprising a solids content of not more than 90% by weight , said process comprising the use of at least one reactor for treating said biomass ( ,) , in which the or at least one of said reactors is fed with biomass via a feeder ( ,) creating a pressure increase between the biomass inlet and the biomass outlet of said feeder , in which said feeder is washed by circulation of a washing fluid between a washing inlet ( ,) and a washing outlet ( ,) , characterized in that at least a portion of the washing fluid exiting the fluid outlet of the or of at least one of the feeder ( ,) is reintroduced into the washing inlet of the same feeder or of another of said feeder.2611. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that liquid is extracted from the biomass during its passage through the or one of the feeder ( claim 1 ,).3611. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the pressure increase created in the or at least one of the feeder ( claim 1 ,) is at least 0.05 MPa claim 1 , notably between 0.05 and 4 MPa.491611. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a step of impregnating the biomass with an impregnation liquor ...

Countercurrent heat exchanger/reactor

Counter-flow heat exchanger is constructed with plenums at either end that separate the opposing fluids, the channels of which are arrayed in a checkerboard patterns, such that any given channel is surrounded by channels of opposing streams on four sides—laterally on both sides and vertically above and below.

DEWAXING AND DEAROMATIZATION PROCESS OF HYDROCARBON IN A SLURRY REACTOR

A process for the production of a hydrocarbon fluid includes the step of catalytically hydrogenating a hydrocarbon cut in presence of both a dearomatization catalyst and a dewaxing catalyst in a single slurry reactor. A hydrocarbon fluid is also disclosed as being obtainable by the process. 1. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon fluid comprising the step of catalytically hydrogenating a hydrocarbon cut in presence of both a dearomatization catalyst and a dewaxing catalyst in a single slurry reactor.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature is ranging from 180 to 325° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction pressure is ranging from 30 to 160 bars.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dearomatization catalyst is selected from the group consisting of metals of the Group VIII and/or Group VIB.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dewaxing catalyst is selected from the group consisting of silicalite alumina claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , MFI zeolites claim 1 , silicoaluminophosphates claim 1 , aluminosilicate (Al-oxide Si-dioxide).6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dearomatization catalyst amount is comprised between 0.1 and 6 wt % claim 1 , based on the weight of the hydrocarbon cut.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the dewaxing catalyst amount is comprised between 0.1 and 6 wt % claim 1 , based on the weight of the hydrocarbon cut.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the dewaxing catalyst amount to the dearomatization catalyst amount is between 1:1 to 1:10.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cut is a gas oil fraction.10. The process according to wherein the cut is a heavy gasoil.11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon fluid obtained has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 200° C. to 450° C. and/or has a boiling range below 80° C.12. The process according to claim 1 , ...

SYSTEM FOR TREATING CONTAMINATED SOIL

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere. 1. A system for treating contaminated soil , comprising:a. an agitation unit adapted for agitating a soil-gas mixture having a soil inlet, a soil outlet, an ozone gas inlet and a gas-particulates mixture outlet;b. a source of ozone connected to the ozone gas inlet; andc. a vacuum pump connected to the gas-particulates mixture outlet such that the vacuum pump can maintain the system under negative pressure.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gas flushing unit connected to the soil outlet adapted for receiving ozone-treated soil and removing ozone from the ozone-treated soil.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit further comprises a second gas inlet capable of receiving gas from a second source of gas.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the gas received from the second source of gas comprises heated air or steam.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit further comprises an inlet capable of receiving a composition selected from the group consisting of polymers claim 1 , surfactants claim 1 , solvents claim 1 , oxidizers and combinations thereof to the agitating unit.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the agitation unit is a rotating drum claim 1 , rotary kiln claim 1 , pug mill claim 1 , screw type mixer claim 1 , fluidized bed reactor claim 1 , or shaking conveyor belt.7. The system ...

System for producing high-purity granular silicon

The present disclosure provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a preheating unit; and an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between the preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit, and a dynamics-generating unit. The reaction occurs through decomposition of silicon-containing gas in a densely stacked, high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and uses the exhaust gas for heating. The present invention achieves a large-scale, efficient, energy-saving, continuous, low-cost production of high purity silicon granules.

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 1. A reaction filter comprising:a) a rotatable drum assembly comprising a drum micron filter for retaining graphene or reduced graphene oxide while allowing filtrate to pass through; andb) a spray bar assembly comprising one or more openings for dispensing at least one of a carbonaceous composition and a wash liquid inside the drum assembly, wherein the carbonaceous composition comprises graphene or reduced graphene oxide.2. The reaction filter of claim 1 , wherein the spray bar assembly is coupled to a source of the carbonaceous composition and dispenses the carbonaceous composition inside the drum assembly.3. The reaction filter of claim 1 , wherein the spray bar assembly is coupled to a source of the wash liquid and configured to dispense the wash liquid at a high pressure.4. The reaction filter of claim 1 , wherein the drum micron filter comprises at least one filter layer suitable for retaining at least 80% w/w of the graphene or reduced graphene oxide in the carbonaceous composition.5. The reaction filter of claim 4 , wherein the drum micron filter comprises a plurality of filter layers.6. The reaction filter of claim 4 , wherein the drum assembly comprises a drum mesh providing structural support to the drum micron filter.7. The reaction filter of claim 4 , wherein the at least one filter layer comprises pores having an average diameter no greater than about 5 microns.8. The reaction filter of claim 1 , wherein the reaction filter comprises a drive shaft configured ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE ORGANIC WASTE

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes. 1. An apparatus for the treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds , and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds , the apparatus comprising:(a) a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste; and(b) a thermal oxidizer.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises:(c) an adsorption vessel comprising one or more types of adsorbent media for adsorbing sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds after treatment of the waste by the reaction vessel.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel comprising a filter further comprises a bed in the lower portion of the reaction vessel comprising a filter.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the bed in the reaction vessel comprising a filter comprises the waste claim 3 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 3 , inert bed media.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the bed is partially fluidized or jetted.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a process reaction vessel upstream of the reaction vessel comprising a filter.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the process reaction vessel further comprises a bed in the lower portion of the process reaction vessel.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the bed in the process reaction vessel comprises the waste claim 7 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 7 , inert bed media.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reaction vessel comprising a filter is below the temperature at which the sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen- ...

METHOD FOR TREATING POURABLE, INORGANIC GRAIN, AND ROTARY TUBE SUITABLE FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD

In a known method for treating pourable, inorganic grain, a heated rotary tube is used that rotates about an axis of rotation and surrounds a treatment chamber that is divided into a plurality of treatment zones by means of separating elements. The grain is supplied to the treatment chamber at a grain inlet side and is transported, in a grain transport direction, to a grain outlet side and is exposed to a treatment gas in the process. In order, proceeding herefrom, to allow for reliable and reproducible thermal treatment of pourable inorganic grain, in particular SiOgrain in the rotary kiln, in a manner having low and effective consumption of treatment gas, it is proposed for spent treatment gas to be suctioned out of a reaction zone of the treatment chamber, by a gas manifold that rotates about the longitudinal axis thereof. 1. A method for treating pourable , inorganic grain in a heated rotary tube that rotates about an axis of rotation and surrounds a treatment chamber that is divided into a plurality of treatment zones (A; B; C; D) by separating elements , the plurality of treatment zones including at least one reaction zone (C) , the method comprising:supplying the grain to the treatment chamber at a grain inlet side;transporting the grain, in a grain transport direction, to a grain outlet side; andexposing the grain to a treatment gas;wherein spent treatment gas is suctioned out of the reaction zone (C) by a gas manifold, which rotates about the longitudinal axis thereof.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spent treatment gas is suctioned out of the gas manifold by a rotationally fixed suction pipe.3. The method according to further comprising using a suction pipe claim 2 , which protrudes into the gas manifold.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment gas is introduced into the gas manifold at the grain outlet side and is conveyed from one chamber (A; B; C; D) to the next chamber counter to the grain transport direction and ...

生产聚烯烃的工艺及其汽相聚合装置

提供一种在烯烃聚合催化剂存在下、采用连续汽相聚合方法生产聚烯烃的工艺，包括的步骤有：将冷却循环介质从聚合容器底壁和从其侧壁的至少一个位置喂入聚合容器。还提供一种聚烯烃汽相聚合装置，包括：装有单体喂入管、聚合物排出管和任选搅拌浆的聚合容器，以及将冷却循环介质从聚合容器底壁和从其侧壁的至少一个位置喂入聚合容器的机械设备。

Verfahren zum herstellen von homopolymerisaten oder copolymerisaten des propylens

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

본 발명은 예비중합체 및/또는 중합체를 생산하기 위하여, 반응기(8), 압축기(400), 냉각 단위(5) 및 외부 파이프(11)를 함유하여, 적어도 하나의 단량체가 에틸렌 또는 프로필렌인 하나 이상의 α-올레핀 단량체를 연속 중합시키기에 적합한 시스템으로서, 반응기가 상단 재순환 스트림(40)을 위한 제1 출구를 함유하고, 시스템이 상단 재순환 스트림을 바닥 재순환 스트림으로 응축시키기 위한 장치를 함유하며, 반응기가 바닥 재순환 스트림(10)을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구를 함유하고, 바닥 재순환 스트림을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구가 분배판(6) 아래에 위치하며, 반응기가 바닥 재순환 스트림을 기체/액체 상 및 액체상으로 분리하기 위한 일체형 분리기(9)를 함유하고, 일체형 분리기가 분배판(6) 아래에 위치하며, 일체형 분리기의 제1 입구가 액체상의 제1 출구에 연결되어 있고, 액체상의 제1 출구가 액체상 반응기의 제2 출구에 연결되어 있으며, 반응기의 제2 출구가 액체 상을 외부 파이프(11)의 제1 입구로 제공하고, 외부 파이프가 고체 중합 촉매(20)를 수용하기 위한 제2 입구를 함유하며, 외부 파이프의 제1 출구는 예비중합체 및/또는 중합체를 함유하는 슬러리 상을 수용하기 위한 반응기의 제2 입구에 연결되어 있고, 반응기는 폴리올레핀(30)을 제공하기 위한 제3 출구를 함유하며, 시스템이 공급물(60)을 수용하기 위한 제1 입구 및 경우에 따라 공급물(70)을 수용하기 위한 제2 입구를 함유하는, 시스템에 관한 것이다. The present invention comprises a reactor (8), a compressor (400), a cooling unit (5) and an outer pipe (11) for producing prepolymers and/or polymers, comprising at least one or more monomers wherein at least one monomer is ethylene or propylene. A system suitable for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers, wherein the reactor contains a first outlet for a top recycle stream (40) and the system contains an apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream to a bottoms recycle stream, the reactor comprising: It contains a first inlet for receiving the bottoms recycle stream (10), the first inlet for receiving the bottoms recycle stream is located below the distribution plate (6) and the reactor divides the bottoms recycle stream into a gas/liquid phase and a liquid phase. It contains an integral separator (9) for separating into the liquid phase, the integral separator (6) is located below the distribution plate (6), the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to the first outlet of the liquid phase, and the first outlet of the liquid phase is the liquid phase. connected to the second outlet of the reactor, the second outlet of the reactor providing the liquid phase to the first inlet of the outer pipe (11), ...

Ethylene separation with temperature swing adsorption

A process for component separation in a polymer production system, comprising (a) separating a polymerization product stream into a gas stream and a polymer stream, (b) contacting the polymer stream with a purge gas to yield a purged polymer and a spent purge gas comprising purge gas, ethylene, and ethane, (c) contacting the spent purge gas with a temperature swing adsorber contactor (TSAC) to yield a loaded TSAC, wherein at least a portion of the ethylene is adsorbed by the TSAC at a first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethylene, wherein a portion of the ethane is adsorbed by the TSAC at the first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethane, (d) heating the loaded TSAC to a second temperature to yield a regenerated TSAC, and (e) contacting the regenerated TSAC with a sweeping gas stream to yield a recovered adsorbed gas stream comprising sweeping gas, recovered ethylene and recovered ethane.

Heat transfer in a polymerization reactor

A process comprises polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, and producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent. The Biot number is maintained at or below about 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing process. The slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of the reactor wall, and the film coefficient is less than about 500 BTU•hr -1 •ft -2 •F -1 .

Heat transfer in a polymerization reactor

A process comprises polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, and producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent. The Biot number is maintained at or below about 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing process. The slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of the reactor wall, and the film coefficient is less than about 500 BTU·hr −1 ·ft −2 ·° F. −1 .

Heat transfer in a polymerization reactor

A process comprises polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, and producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent. The Biot number is maintained at or below about 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing process. The slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of the reactor wall, and the film coefficient is less than about 500 BTU·hr−1·ft−2·° F.−1.

Ethylene separation with temperature swing adsorption

A process for component separation in a polymer production system, comprising (a) separating a polymerization product stream into a gas stream and a polymer stream, (b) contacting the polymer stream with a purge gas to yield a purged polymer and a spent purge gas comprising purge gas, ethylene, and ethane, (c) contacting the spent purge gas with a temperature swing adsorber contactor (TSAC) to yield a loaded TSAC, wherein at least a portion of the ethylene is adsorbed by the TSAC at a first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethylene, wherein a portion of the ethane is adsorbed by the TSAC at the first temperature to yield TSAC-adsorbed ethane, (d) heating the loaded TSAC to a second temperature to yield a regenerated TSAC, and (e) contacting the regenerated TSAC with a sweeping gas stream to yield a recovered adsorbed gas stream comprising sweeping gas, recovered ethylene and recovered ethane.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

The invention relates to a system for the continuous polymerization of α-olefin monomers comprising a reactor, a compressor, a cooling unit and an external pipe, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream, wherein the system comprises apparatus, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator, wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst, wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet, wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

The invention relates to a system suitable for the continuous polymerization of one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene comprising a reactor (8), a compressor (400), a cooling unit (5) and an external pipe (11) for the production of a prepolymer and/or polymer, wherein the reactor comprises a first outlet for a top recycle stream (40), wherein the system comprises apparatus for condensing the top recycle stream into a bottom recycle stream, wherein the reactor comprises a first inlet for receiving a bottom recycle stream (10), wherein the first inlet for receiving the bottom recycle stream is located underneath the distribution plate (6), wherein the reactor comprises an integral separator (1) for separation of the bottom recycle stream into a gas/liquid and a liquid phase, wherein the integral separator is located underneath the distribution plate (6), wherein the first inlet of the integral separator is connected to a first outlet for a liquid phase, wherein the first outlet for the liquid phase is connected to the second outlet of the reactor for the liquid phase, wherein the second outlet of the reactor provides the liquid phase to the first inlet of the external pipe (11), wherein the external pipe comprises a second inlet for receiving a solid polymerization catalyst (20), wherein the first outlet of the external pipe is connected to a second inlet of the reactor for receiving a slurry phase comprising the prepolymer and/or polymer, wherein the reactor comprises a third outlet for providing polyolefin (30), wherein the system comprises a first inlet for receiving a feed (60) and optionally a second inlet for receiving a feed (70).

Method and apparatus for cooling particulate solids

An Apparatus of Core-Shell Particles and Preparation Methods Using Thereof

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing core-shell particles and a producing method of the core-shell particles using the same. The apparatus includes: a reactor; a first storage part which is joined and installed on a first raw material inlet of the reactor; a second storage part which is joined and installed on a second raw material inlet of the reactor; a solid and liquid material separation part which is joined and installed on an outlet of the reactor to separate a product, discharged from the outlet, into solid particles and liquid; and a drying part which is joined and installed on the solid and liquid separation part to dry solid particles separated by the solid and liquid separation part. According to the present invention, the present invention provides the apparatus for producing the core-shell particles which forms the core-shell particles by injecting gas, liquid and/or solid materials while a liquid solvent exists.

Patent FR2304396B1

Regeneration of hydrocarbon conversion catalyst

A vessel for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Regeneration is accomplished by means of a moving bed of catalyst, where catalyst is passed through several treatment zones in the regeneration vessel. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst. This air stream is introduced into the bottom of the regeneration vessel and is heated by exchange of heat with catalyst, thereby effecting the required cooling of the catalyst. Before passing into the drying zone, the air is heated further by heating means located in the vessel. After passing through the drying zone, the air stream provides oxygen for combustion in the combustion zone.

Polymerization process for olefins

The present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of olefin monomers in the presence of a catalyst system, using a tubular pre-polymerization reactor, wherein the tubular pre-polymerization reactor has a length L and the flow of a catalyst system is introduced in the tubular pre-polymerization reactor in the middle (30-70% of L) or the end (70-95% of L) of the tubular pre-polymerization reactor.

Process for continuous polymerization of olefin monomers in a reactor

Process for producing polyolefin and gas phase polymerization apparatus therefor

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen in Gegenwart eines Olefin-Polymerisations-Katalysators durch eine kontinuierliche Gasphasen-Polymerisationsmethode, umfassend den Schritt der Zufuhr eines Kühlkreislaufmediums in ein Polymerisationsgefäß von der Bodenwand des Polymerisationsgefäßes und von mindestens einer Position von dessen Seitenwand. method for the preparation of polyolefins in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst by a continuous gas phase polymerization method, comprising Step of supplying a refrigeration cycle medium in a polymerization vessel of the Bottom wall of the polymerization vessel and from at least one position of its sidewall.

Polyolefin production method and gas phase polymerization apparatus

生产聚烯烃的工艺及其汽相聚合装置

提供一种在烯烃聚合催化剂存在下、采用连续汽相聚合方法生产聚烯烃的工艺，包括的步骤有：将冷却循环介质从聚合容器底壁和从其侧壁的至少一个位置喂入聚合容器。还提供一种聚烯烃汽相聚合装置，包括：装有单体喂入管、聚合物排出管和任选搅拌浆的聚合容器，以及将冷却循环介质从聚合容器底壁和从其侧壁的至少一个位置喂入聚合容器的机械设备。

Reactor apparatus

A reactor apparatus is provided with an outer jacket surrounding the reaction vessel. The jacket is formed by a plurality of baffles having triangular cross-section. At least some of the baffles are provided with adjustable deflectors. Heat exchanging fluid is admitted into the space between the jacket and the vessel outer wall. The triangular cross-section of the baffles and adjustable deflectors allow optimum regulation of reaction conditions, for example reaction temperature and in effect increase reactor productivity.

Preparation of propylene homopolymers or copolymers

A process for the preparation of propylene homopolymers or copolymers by polymerizing the monomer or monomers in the gas phase in a centric stirred bed of finely divided polymer, with removal of the heat of polymerization by evaporative cooling, the temperature in the polymerization zone being regulated by measuring the temperature continuously and causing any change therein to trigger a change in the amount of liquid monomer, evaporating in the reaction zone, which is introduced per unit time, in which process (1) the radius and height of the centric stirred bed are in a particular ratio to one another, (2) the finely divided polymer in the centric stirred bed is caused to move upward in the peripheral zone of the bed and downward in the central zone of the bed, (3) the temperature in the polymerization zone is regulated by simultaneously measuring it at (3.1) one or more points of the inner part of the stirred bed and (3.2) one or more points of the outer part of the stirred bed and (4) the actual temperatures T determined simultaneously at the individual points of measurement are combined to give a temperature parameter T M and the difference of this parameter from the intended value triggers the regulating sequence, or the temperature differences ΔT between the actual and intended temperatures, measured simultaneously at the individual points of measurement, are combined to give a difference parameter ΔT M and this parameter triggers the regulating operation.

Prepolymerisation reactor

A prepolymerisation reactor (1) for the liquid phase polymerisation of olefin monomers in the presence of a catalyst, comprising: a substantially cylindrical non-partitioned reactor chamber having a circumferential, longitudinal reactor wall, a first end wall and a second end wall (2, 3), the ratio between the length and diameter of said reactor chamber being from 4:1 to 15:1; a shaft (4) positioned in the reactor chamber, which shaft is provided with impellers (6); a monomer feed inlet opening (26); a catalyst feed inlet opening (30); an outlet opening; and at least one baffle (7) positioned substantially longitudinally within said reactor chamber.

Loop Slurry Reactor Cooling Processes and Systems

Disclosed are systems and processes for distributing reactor coolant flow to the cooling jackets of a loop slurry reactor, where the reactor coolant is used to control the temperature of the loop slurry reactor in olefin polymerization. Also disclosed are systems and processes for controlling the temperature of the reactor coolant that is used for cooling olefin polymerization reactors, which can be used in combination with traditional coolant distribution regimes and in combination with the coolant distribution systems and processes that are disclosed herein.

Process for depolymerization

Molecular sieve catalyst reformer and method

Continuous reactor system for anoxic purification

A continuous process and related system for producing high purity silica are disclosed. The process and system utilize a unique high temperature rotary reactor which excludes oxygen. The use of one or more anoxic gases is described, that upon administration into the system promote the exclusion of oxygen.