СПОСОБ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ВОДЫ С УТИЛИЗАЦИЕЙ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА И ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение может быть использовано в химии и энергетике. Исходные реагенты - воду и диоксид углерода, через смеситель 2 подают в реактор 1, выполненный в виде герметичной емкости, содержащей катализатор, при этом концентрацию диоксида углерода в воде регулируют, чтобы получить карбонизированную воду, посредством давления и времени насыщения воды диоксидом углерода. В реакторе 1 проводят химическую реакцию с образованием водорода, кислорода и сопутствующих продуктов химической реакции, которые подают в сепаратор 3 с выделением из газообразной фазы водорода. Сепаратор 3 может дополнительно содержать по меньшей мере два фильтра. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную утилизацию диоксида углерода и экономичное получение водорода. 7 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 1 табл.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭНДОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ГАЗОФАЗНЫХ ИЛИ ГАЗ-ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ

Группа изобретений относится к реактору и способу проведения эндотермических газофазных или газ-твердотельных реакций. Способ включает проведение эндотермической реакции на стадии образования продукта в первой зоне реактора, зоне образования продукта, заполненной предварительно нагретыми частицами твердого вещества, выведение потока газа, содержащего продукт и его пропускание через вторую зону реактора, зону рекуперации тепла, причем тепло потока газа, содержащего продукт, накапливается в неподвижном слое, введение тепла в зоне нагрева, которая расположена между зоной образования продукта и зоной рекуперации тепла, пропускание продувочного газа в том же направлении на стадии очистки и пропускание газа в фазе регенерации в обратном направлении, при этом способ проводят циклически. Предложенная концепция способа проведения реакций предоставляет возможность режима работы с интегрированным обратным теплообменом, исключает использование арматуры в горячей области технологического пространства ...

УСТРОЙСТВО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ВОДЫ НА КИСЛОРОД И ВОДОРОД ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫМИ ПОЛЯМИ

Изобретение предназначено для энергетики и может быть использовано при получении дешевых и экономичных источников энергии. Устройство разложения воды на кислород и водород содержит емкость, выполненную из изоляционного материала и имеющую входное и выходное водяные отверстия. К внешним поверхностям противоположных стенок емкости, диэлектрическая проницаемость которых превосходит диэлектрическую проницаемость воды, беззазорно примыкают водородный и кислородный электроды. В емкости имеются отверстия с установленными в них нейтрализационными сетками отрицательного и положительного потенциалов. Внутри емкости установлены термопара и датчик уровня воды. Емкость с электродами вставлена в замкнутый магнитопровод, содержащий полюса, примыкающие с внешней стороны к противоположным стенкам, не занятым электродами, емкости. При этом один полюс содержит первичную катушку, а второй - вторичную катушку, которая через выпрямители и умножители напряжения подает напряжения на электроды и нейтрализационные ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Система для диссоциации газов, включающая: источник электронов, включающий катод и выполненный с возможностью испускания электронов; генератор электрического поля, генерирующий электрическое поле, имеющий энергию, достаточную для диссоциации молекул реагирующих газов; и анод, расположенный от катода на предварительно заданном расстоянии, ограничивающем реакционную газовую камеру, имеющую выполненную с возможностью вызывать взаимодействие между электронами и молекулами указанного реагирующего газа по механизму диссоциативного прилипания электронов внутри указанной камеры, такое, что электроны, имеющие требуемую энергию, разлагают указанные молекулы с образованием продуктов, причем указанные молекулы реагирующего газа являются по меньшей мере молекулами одного из CO2 и Н2O, указанными продуктами являются О2 и по меньшей мере один из СО и Н2. ! 2. Система по п.1, включающая в себя промежуточный электрод, расположенный рядом с сепаратором газовых компонентов, причем оба они находятся между ...

СИСТЕМЫ, УСТРОЙСТВА И СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ВОДЫ В ВОДОРОД И КИСЛОРОД

УСТРОЙСТВО ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЯ ОКСИВОДОРОДА ДЛЯ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Изобретение может быть использовано в медицине. Устройство генерирования оксиводорода для оказания медицинской помощи содержит корпус, выполненный с возможностью размещения в нем электролизной ячейки, бака подачи воды и вторичного бака воды; верхнюю крышку, прикрепленную к верхней части корпуса и снабженную частью для циркуляции газа, подающей частью для подачи воды в бак подачи воды и панелью управления для управления работой генератора водорода и кислорода на основе электролиза воды; нижнюю крышку, прикрепленную к нижней части корпуса. Бак подачи воды снабжен верхней крышкой бака подачи воды. Вмещающее пространство расположено внутри верхней крышки бака подачи воды, верхняя крышка надета на внешнюю сторону верхней крышки бака подачи воды и прикреплена к корпусу. Воздухонаправляющая пластина, схемная плата, распылитель, крепежная пластина для крепления схемной платы расположены во вмещающем пространстве. Электролизная ячейка расположена на нижней крышке в нижней части корпуса и соединена ...

Wasser spaltende Vorrichtung und Verfahren einer Verwendung davon

Wasser spaltende Vorrichtung, mit einem Photolyseelement mit einer Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des n-Typs und einer Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des p-Typs an der der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des n-Typs gegenüberliegenden Seitenoberfläche, das auf zumindest eine der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberflächen des n-Typs und des p-Typs gestrahltes Licht zum Spalten des Wassers nutzt, und um dadurch Wasserstoff an der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des n-Typs zu erzeugen und Sauerstoff an der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des p-Typs zu erzeugen, einer Wasserstoff erzeugende Zelle, die die Wasser spaltende Elektrodenoberfläche des n-Typs hält und den an der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des n-Typs erzeugten Wasserstoff sammelt, und einer Sauerstoff erzeugende Zelle, die die Wasser spaltende Elektrodenoberfläche des p-Typs hält, den an der Wasser spaltenden Elektrodenoberfläche des p-Typs erzeugten Sauerstoff sammelt, und über das Photolyseelement ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

... 1442950 Hydrogen production EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY 13 Nov 1974 [12 Dec 1973] 49080/74 Heading C1A Hydrogen is produced from water by means of a cycle of chemical reactions which involve the decomposition of a hydrogen-containing salt of HI and a weak base, e.g. ammonium iodide. The preferred process comprises the following steps: (i) the dissociation of NH 4 I into NH 3 , H 2 and I 2 (ii) the reduction of the I 2 thus formed with SO 2 , H 2 O and NH 3 to produce NH 4 I and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ; (iii) the reaction of the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 with Na 2 SO 4 to produced NaHSO 4 and NH 3 , (iv) the decomposition of the NaHSO 4 to give Na 2 S 2 O 7 and H 2 O; (v) the dissociation of the Na 2 S 2 O 7 to produce Na 2 SO 4 and SO 3 ; (vi) the dissociation of the SO 3 to give SO 2 and O 2 ; (vii) the recycling of the NH 4 I of step (ii) to step (i); (viii) the recycling of the NH 3 of steps (i) and (iii) to step (ii); (ix) recycling the Na 2 SO 4 of step (v) to step (iii), and (x) recycling the SO ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN BY DECOMPOSITION OF WATER

... 1486140 Hydrogen and oxygen from water RHEINISCHE BRAUNKOHLENWERKE AG 20 May 1975 [20 May 1974] 21678/75 Heading C1A Hydrogen and oxygen are produced from water in a thermochemical multi-step cyclic process involving at least three process steps in which one or more auxiliary reactants selected from the sulphates, sulphides and oxides of Mn, Mg, Fe, Ni, Co and Zn as well as SO 2 , S, H 2 S, H 2 and O 2 are used, the process comprising (a) forming a divalent sulphate from the corresponding sulphide or from a mono-, di- or trivalent oxide of the auxiliary reactant metal by reacting in one process step (i) a sulphide with SO 2 or Sn in the presence or absence of water, or (ii) an oxide with SO 2 in the presence or absence of water, (b) treating the divalent sulphate formed to evolve SO 2 and O 2 , and in a further process step obtaining H 2 by cleaving H 2 S, or by reacting a divalent auxiliary metal sulphate, sulphide or oxide with H 2 O or H 2 S, (c) re-forming the starting materials of ...

A process and application for the production of hydrogen

CONVERSION OF COAL INTO HYDROCARBONS

... 1479521 Converting coal and water into hydrocarbons WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 20 Jan 1975 [29 Jan 1974] 2385/75 Heading C5E A method for converting coal and water into hydrocarbons, e.g. methane, comprises: (a) processing, e.g. pulverizing, the coal to facilitate reaction with hydrogen, (b) converting the water into H 2 and O 2 separately from the coal, (c) reacting part of the H 2 with the coal to produce at least a first hydrocarbon, (d) reacting the O 2 with the residue of the coal produced in step (c) to produce CO and (e) reacting the CO with the H 2 to produce additional hydrocarbons. A nuclear reactor provides heat to react the H 2 with the coal and to produce the H 2 and O 2 either thermally or by electrolysis.

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

Composition and a method for dissociating water.

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

A system and process for extracting and collecting substances from a molecular combination

Photoelectrochemical cell and method for the solar-driven decomposition of a starting material

The invention relates to a photochemical cell (1) and to a method for the solar-driven decomposition of a starting material, in particular water or carbon dioxide, into a product gas bound therein, in particular hydrogen or carbon monoxide, comprising a supply line (7) for the starting material, a discharge line (9) for the obtained product gas, a first electrode (2) made of a photoelectrically active material and exposed to solar radiation (3', 3'') during operation, and a second electrode (5), wherein the electrodes (2, 5) are connected to each other in a closed circuit by means of an electron conductor (4) for transporting electrons excited by the solar radiation (3', 3'') in the first electrode (2) and an ion conductor (6) for transporting ions produced in the decomposition of the starting material, wherein an electrolyte made of a heat-resistant solid material and arranged between the electrodes (2, 5) is provided as the ion conductor (6).

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrochemical probe and method for in situ treatment of a tissue

CATALYTIC PHOTO-OXIDATION OF WATER

GENERATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER AND STORAGE THEREOF WITH SILICIDES

The invention relates to a method for the photo- and thermochemical generation of hydrogen and/or oxygen from water in the presence of suicides, silicide- like compositions, metallosilicides and non-metallic suicides such as borosilicides, carbosilicides and nitrosilicides, i.e. all compositions containing silicon and being of the molecular formula RSix and/or RSixOy wherein R represents an organic, metallic, organometallic and/or inorganic residue and/or oxides thereof, and Si being silicon and specifically a suicide moiety with X > zero and O representing oxygen with Y zero. The suicide moieties in these compositions exhibit characteristically a high electron density on silicon all of which can also be oxidized. The suicides and silicide-like compositions and/or oxides thereof can react catalytically in these aforementioned processes proceeding with or without light. However, upon irradiation of the reactions an increase of gas evolution is observed, this notably applying to artificial ...

REACTOR FOR SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER

We disclose a device for the production of hydrogen from water using heat. The device employs thermal water splitting and works essentially without electricity. It is based on the concept of a membrane reactor with two kinds of membranes allowing the separation of hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously in stoichiometric quantities from the reactor volume. The device has a special geometry resulting in a temperature distribution inside the reaction chamber to accommodate the use of hydrogen selective membranes. The device will help to reduce the need for hydrogen transport and storage as it will be rather compact for on-site use in households, small factories or gas stations. The use of the device in mobile applications is conceivable. The heat source of the device as described is combustion of a hydrocarbon using porous burner technology; however the device can be modified to exploit any other heat source, especially solar radiation.

APPARATUS COMPOSED OF A PRESSURE-RATED APPARATUS SHELL AND AN INTERNAL FRAMEWORK SYSTEM COMPOSED OF CERAMIC FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a device comprising at least one pressure-bearing device shell and at least one modular scaffolding system made of ceramic fibre composite materials and arranged inside the device shell and a modular lining device comprising refractory bricks in addition to the modular scaffolding system, and to the use of this device for high-temperature reactors, in particular electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN

Dispositif photo-catalytique de dissociation d'une phase aqueuse pour produire de l'hydrogène gazeux, ledit dispositif étant agencé de sorte que qu'au moins un système photo-catalytique en contact avec ladite phase aqueuse puisse être irradié par une source lumineuse pour produire, via une réaction d'oxydation de ladite phase aqueuse au niveau d'un moyen de capture d'électrons, de l'oxygène gazeux, des électrons et des protons, ledit dispositif comprenant : - un première zone comprenant ladite phase aqueuse, et - un moyen de réduction desdits protons agencé pour réaliser une réaction de réduction desdits protons par lesdits électrons afin de produire de l'hydrogène gazeux, ledit moyen de réduction de protons étant une interface échangeuse de protons présentant une face frontale orientée vers ledit moyen de capture d'électrons et une face dorsale, seule ladite face dorsale de ladite interface échangeuse de protons comprenant au moins un catalyseur et/ou au moins un système catalytique.

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROBE AND METHOD FOR IN SITU TREATMENT OF A TISSUE

A method and apparatus for dehydrating, electro-oxidizing, or electro- reducing a target tissue is described. The apparatus utilizes an electrochemical probe (512) or other device to deliver one or more beneficial agents into the target tissue. Water from the target tissue provides a precursor that may be split by electrolysis to generate the beneficial agent. Alternatively, water is provided from an external source to generate the beneficial agent. The beneficial agent facilitates in situ oxidation and/or reduction of a material within the tissue. One type of beneficial agent is ozone.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF WATER

The invention provides processes and apparatus for producing hydrogen from water, including the steps of heating water to a water dissociating temperature to form a dissociated water reaction mixture comprising hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. A vortex is formed of the reaction mixture to subject the reaction mixture to a centrifugal force about a longitudinal axis of an interior space of a vortex tube reactor, so that there is radial stratification of the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas in the interior space of the vortex tube reactor. Hydrogen or oxygen is preferentially extracted from the reaction mixture at spaced apart points along the length of the interior space of the vortex tube reactor.

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА ИЗ ВОДЫ

В заявленном изобретении раскрыто устройство для извлечения водорода из воды посредством нагрева. Заявленное устройство использует термическое разложение воды и работает, в сущности, без электричества. Оно основано на принципе мембранного реактора с двумя типами мембран, что позволяет одновременно выделять из объема реактора водород и кислород в стехиометрических количествах. Указанное устройство имеет особую геометрию, в результате чего распределение температур внутри реакторной камеры способствует применению мембран для отделения водорода. Устройство помогает уменьшить необходимость в транспортировке и хранении водорода, поскольку все будет сосредоточено компактно по месту эксплуатации на фермах, небольших промышленных предприятиях или газовых станциях. Возможно мобильное применение заявленного устройства. Источником тепла в заявленном устройстве, как раскрыто, является сжигание углеводородов с применением технологии пористых горелок, однако устройство может быть модифицировано для использования ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА ИЗ ВОДЫ

В заявленном изобретении раскрыто устройство для извлечения водорода из воды посредством нагрева. Заявленное устройство использует термическое разложение воды и работает, в сущности, без электричества. Оно основано на принципе мембранного реактора с двумя типами мембран, что позволяет одновременное выделять из объема реактора водород и кислород в стехиометрических количествах. Указанное устройство имеет особую геометрию, в результате чего распределение температур внутри реакторной камеры способствует применению мембран для отделения водорода. Устройство помогает уменьшить необходимость в транспортировке и хранении водорода, поскольку все будет сосредоточено компактно по месту эксплуатации на фермах, небольших промышленных предприятиях или газовых станциях. Возможно мобильное применение заявленного устройства. Источником тепла в заявленном устройстве, как раскрыто, является сжигание углеводородов с применением технологии пористых горелок, однако устройство может быть модифицировано для использования ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГОРЮЧЕГО ГАЗА, ТЕПЛОВОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА

Изобретение относится к области энергетики, в частности физико-химическим технологиям получения тепловой энергии, и может быть использовано в различных отраслях промышленности, сельском хозяйстве, на транспорте и т.д. Технический результат: снижение затрат энергии на расщепление молекул воды в электрическом поле, оптимизация процессов производства горючего газа, тепловой энергии, водорода и кислорода, а также повышение коэффициента полезного действия технологического процесса электролитического разложении воды. Способ включает предварительную обработку воды в жидкой фазе импульсным разрядом электрического тока в реакторе-конденсаторе C1 параметрического генератора электромагнитного поля на частотах устойчивости параметрического резонанса, кратных основному колебательному переходу молекул водорода, с возможностью образования свободных молекул воды в парогазовой фазе. Полученную парогазовую смесь затем обрабатывают импульсным разрядом электрического поля в реакторе-конденсаторе С2 второго ...

Aluminum-alkali hydroxide recyclable hydrogen generator

An aluminum-alkali hydroxide recyclable hydrogen generator is provided that enables generation of hydrogen for a consuming apparatus on demand. The hydrogen generator includes a source of aluminum, a source of a hydroxide, a source of water, and a reaction chamber, where the amount of at least one of the aluminum, sodium hydroxide, and water that is introduced into the reaction chamber is used to limit the chemical reaction to control the amount of hydrogen generated.

MULTI-LAYERED WATER- SPLITTING PHOTOCATALYST HAVING A PLASMONIC METAL LAYER WITH OPTIMIZED PLASMONIC EFFECTS

PROCESS FOR the PRODUCTION Of HYDROGEN

SOLAR ENERGY CONCENTRATOR

PHOTOCATALYTIC CONVERSION METHOD BY TRANSFORMING SOLAR RADIATION IRRADIATION ADAPTED FOR THE ACTIVATION OF THE PHOTOCATALYST.

DEVICE OF PRODUCTION Of HYDROGEN BY PLASMA TO ELECTRONIC RESONANCE CYCLOTRON

Hydrogen and oxygen prodn. as energy sources - includes mfr. of calcium hydride and sodium peroxide at tropical solar sites

CATALYTIC PROCESS OF WATER PHOTO-OXIDATION

APPARATUS FOR GAS EXTRACTION AND THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION THROUGH HIGH TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION OF H<SB>2</SB>O

The present invention relates to an apparatus for gas extraction and thermal energy generation through high temperature degradation of H2O; the apparatus according to the present invention is intended to obtain the useful resources hydrogen and oxygen by thermal degradation of water, and comprises a casing, a reactor tank that is installed inside said casing and that has a combustion furnace formed passing through its body, a heater part that is combined with said combustion furnace at one side to heat the reactor tank, a hydrogen extraction tube that is connected to one side of the top of said reactor tank to feed the hydrogen generated in the reactor tank into a hydrogen storage tank, a water supply tube that is connected to the side of said reactor tank to supply water, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature inside said reactor tank and transmits to a controller, and a controller that controls the operation of said heater part and valves depending upon the temperature inside ...

DEVICE FOR GENERATING HIGH-EFFICIENCY HYBRID HYDROGEN OXYGEN (HHO) GAS AND MOTORCYCLE USING SAME

The present invention relates to a device for generating hybrid hydrogen oxygen (HHO) gas and a transportation means using the same and, more specifically, to a device for generating high-efficiency HHO gas and a motorcycle using the generated HHO gas as fuel. According to the present invention, the device comprises: an electrolytic bath for electrolyzing water by using battery power, inserting the HHO gas, generated at this time, into a cylinder of a motorcycle engine, and accommodating an electrolyte thereinside such that the HHO gas is combusted; a plurality of electrode portions installed inside the electrolytic bath and including a plurality of (+) electrode boards to which (+) electricity is applied and a plurality of (-) electrode boards to which (-) electricity is applied; and a water supply device including a makeup tank for supplying water to the electrolytic bath. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 ...

Method for producing hydrogen and system that applies said method

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN FROM A PLASMA WITH ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE

The invention relates to a device (1) for producing hydrogen from ECR plasma, comprising a sealed vacuum chamber (2), water vapour injection means (11) high frequency wave injection means (11) for injecting to the chamber (2), a magnetic structure (3, 4, 5, 6) for generating a magnetic field in the chamber (2) and generate a layer of plasma following the lines of flux (12), the magnetic field module being designed as a mirror with a resonance zone (21) for dissociating the water molecules introduced in the vapour phase and to ionise the products of dissociation. The device (1), comprises a cryogenic condenser (8), arranged between the sealed chamber (2), to freeze the oxygen coming from the dissociation without freezing the hydrogen from the and means (7, 13) for recovering the hydrogen from the dissociation, the oxygen being trapped by the condenser (8).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING A CHEMICAL REACTION

The present invention relates to use of an atomic reactor for providing energy through particle rays to convert, for example, water into hydrogen and oxygen. Optionally the hydrogen can then be combined with carbon dioxide (preferably sequestered carbon dioxide) to form aromatic and/or aliphatic compounds. Preferably, the hydrogen can be split from the water either by the rays from the reactor, or alternatively, using electricity. In this latter process, carbon dioxide (as gas, liquid or dry ice) and hydrogen gas are combined with the help of the secondary rays of an atomic reactor to produce useful aliphatic and/or aromatic compounds. The present invention is applicable to an emissions-trading credits system.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HYDROGEN ON BOARD A MARINE VESSEL

This invention is directed to an integrated onboard hydrogen (H2) production and utilization system for all watercraft, which yields environmentally benign vessel power production without new infrastructure requirements. Water (H2O) is supplied to a vessel, whether ashore, docked or underway, and is systematically converted into hydrogen and oxygen. The energy required for this process may be provided by any renewable or non-renewable source. The H2 produced is either utilized at once or stored. Energy is released from the H2 by one or more power plants.

METHOD OF HYDROCARBONS AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE

The disclosure relates to energy filed and may be used for the production of such cost-effective power sources as hydrocarbons and hydrogen, as well as an oxidizer, oxygen. The method of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and oxygen production includes a number of main consecutive stages, including water saturation with carbon dioxide to form a saturated carbonated water; passing of the carbonated water through the reactor, which contains a catalyst, with the formation of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and oxygen, that subsequently flow into a separator; separation of reaction products from the initial carbonated water in the separator by means of liquid and gaseous phases separation, while hydrocarbons are separated from the liquid and gaseous phases, and hydrogen and oxygen are additionally separated from the gaseous phase.

CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR FOR A GAS TURBINE

A catalytic combustor for a gas turbine includes a stack of metal strips, each strip having an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet ends of both sides of the strip are uncoated, to limit the temperature and maintain rigidity of the strip at the inlet end. In one embodiment, both sides of the strip have a light-off band, coated with catalyst, and adjacent to the uncoated inlet band. One side of the strip (Side A) also includes at least one combustion band, while the other side (Side B) has no corresponding coated band. The strips are arranged such that Side A of a given strip inside the stack faces Side A of an adjacent strip, and Side B of a strip inside the stack faces Side B of an adjacent strip. The resulting structure prevents overheating of the combustor, maintains its rigidity, and reduces the pressure drop through the combustor.

Covalent organic frameworks as porous supports for non-noble metal based water splitting electrocatalysts

The present invention discloses porous covalent organic frameworks (COF) supported noble metal-free nanoparticles which are useful as electrocatalysts for a water splitting system, and to the process for preparation of such electrocatalysts. The covalent organic frameworks (COF) supported noble metal-free nanoparticles have general formula (I): COF_AxBy(M)n (Formula I) wherein COF is selected from a Tris (4-formylphenyl)amine terephthaldehyde polymer or a benzimidazole-phloroglucinol polymer; ‘A’ and ‘B’ each independently represent a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, and mixtures thereof; or ‘A’ and ‘B’ together represent a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, and mixtures thereof; ‘M’ represents hydroxide or a nitride ion; ‘x’ and ‘y’ represent the weight % of the metal loadings; or a ratio of x:y is between 0:1 and 1:0; and ‘n’ is an integer 1 or 2 or 3.

PHOTOCATALYTIC STRUCTURES, METHODS OF MAKING PHOTOCATALYTIC STRUCTURES, AND METHODS OF PHOTOCATALYSIS

Embodiments of the present disclosure include structures, photocatalytic structures, and photoelectrochemical structures, methods of making these structures, methods of making photocatalysis, methods of splitting H2O, methods of splitting CO2, and the like ...

X-ray-induced dissociation of H2O and formation of an O2-H2 alloy at high pressure

A novel molecular alloy of O2 and H2 and a method of producing such a molecular alloy are provided. When subjected to high pressure and extensive x-radiation, H2O molecules cleaved, forming OO and HH bonds. In the method of the present invention, the O and H framework in ice VII was converted into a molecular alloy of O2 and H2. X-ray diffraction, x-ray Raman scattering, and optical Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that this crystalline solid differs from previously known phases.

THREE-PART NANO-CATALYST AND USE THEREOF FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS

Disclosed is a nanocatalyst-type nanoscale composition including a nanoparticle semiconductor, plasmonic metal nanoparticles and an organic photosensitiser of the carbo-mer type. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a nano-catalyst. Also disclosed is use of the nanocatalyst for photoelectrolysis, in particular, for the photoelectrolysis of water, as well as to a power source including the nanocatalyst. 110-. (canceled)11. Three-part nano-catalyst comprising:a semiconductor in nanoparticulate or nanorod form;nanoparticles of plasmonic metal; andan organic photo-sensitizer that is a carbo-mer.12. The nano-catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the semiconductor in nanoparticulate or nanorod form is a metal oxide.13. The nano-catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the plasmonic metal is gold claim 11 , silver claim 11 , copper claim 11 , aluminium or platinum.14. The nano-catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the carbo-mer is a carbo-benzene.15. The nano-catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the nanoparticles of plasmonic metal are located on the surface of the semiconductor in nanoparticulate or nanorod form.16. The nano-catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the semiconductor in nanoparticulate or nanorod form claim 11 , and/or the nanoparticles of plasmonic metal are coated with the photosensitizer.17. Method for fabricating a three-part nano-catalyst according to comprising the following steps:(1a) mixing a semiconductor in nanoparticulate or nanorod form with an organic photosensitizer;(1b) mixing the composition obtained at step (1a) with a complex comprising an ion of a plasmonic metal;(2) irradiating the composition obtained at step (1b) under electromagnetic radiation.18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the complex comprising an ion of the plasmonic metal is an amidinate or carboxylate of silver claim 17 , gold claim 17 , copper claim 17 , aluminium or platinum.19. Process for producing hydrogen comprising applying an effective ...

Method for storing solar thermal energy

A method for storing solar thermalenergy includes: acquiring solar thermal energy, performing a reaction to produce hydrogen from water by using a part of the acquired solar thermal energy, and performing a reaction to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and the obtained hydrogen by using another part of the acquired solar thermal energy.

DESALINATION METHODS AND DEVICES USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

A method of and apparatus for desalinating sea water using geothermal energy. A low voltage (such as less than 0.9V) is applied to a hydrogen generating catalysts to generate hydrogen and oxygen, wherein geothermal heat is used as a heat source. The hydrogen and oxygen are used to drive a gas turbine to generate electricity. The oxygen and hydrogen are transported away and combusted to generate heat and pure water, as such salt are separated from the pure water. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of desalination of sea water using geothermal heat comprising:a. providing an amount of sea water with sea salt and an amount of geothermal heat as a heat source to a reaction vessel;b. generating an amount of oxygen and an amount of hydrogen by performing a catalytic electrolysis reaction by applying an electric voltage between 0.4V to 0.9V to a hydrogen generating catalyst having aluminum, copper, and silver in the sea water in the reaction vessel;c. driving a turbine to generate an amount of generated electricity by using a gas pressure generated by the amount of hydrogen, the amount of oxygen, or both;d. combusting the amount of hydrogen and the amount of oxygen generating an amount of desalinated water and generated heat; ande. providing the amount of generated electricity or the amount of generated heat in assisting the catalytic electrolysis reaction in the reaction vessel.22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising leaving the sea salt in the reaction vessel.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electric voltage is 0.85V.24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising separating the desalinated water and the amount of generated heat.25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising collecting the generated heat using a heat exchanger.26. The method of claim 21 , further comprising condensing the desalinated water using a condenser.27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solution is a non-acidic solution.28. A sea water desalination method comprising:a. providing an ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND GENERATION

OXYSULFIDE PHOTOCATALYST FOR USE IN DECOMPOSITION OF WATER BY VISIBLE LIGHT

光触媒組成物及び光触媒組成物の製造方法

СПОСОБ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ВОДЫ

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrochemistry and water treatment. To enrich the heavy water, alkaline water 7 and feed water 10 are mixed in circulation tank 5 to form electrolyte 16. Electrolyte 16 is fed to anode and cathode compartments 2 and 3 of alkaline water electrolysis cell 1 through circulation pumps 12a and 13a and heat exchangers 13a and 14a, respectively. In anode chamber 2, enriched electrolyte and gaseous oxygen are obtained, which are separated into gas and liquid by gas-liquid separator 14a, with the return of the separated electrolyte to circulation tank 5. Oxygen is removed through hydraulic gate 15a of the anode side. Gaseous hydrogen is formed in cathode chamber 3. Hydrogen and electrolyte are separated into gas and liquid by gas-liquid separator 14b, and separated electrolyte is returned to circulation tank 5. Hydrogen is removed through hydraulic gate 15b of the cathode side. EFFECT: obtaining hydrogen and oxygen of high purity. 9 cl, 4 ex, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 656 017 C2 (51) МПК C01B 5/02 (2006.01) C25B 1/04 (2006.01) B01D 59/40 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C01B 5/02 (2006.01); C25B 1/04 (2006.01); B01D 59/40 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016106887, 24.07.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: (73) Патентообладатель(и): ИНДУСТРИЕ ДЕ НОРА С.П.А. (IT) 30.05.2018 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2009157435 A1, 30.12.2009. RU 31.07.2013 JP 2013-158735 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 01.09.2017 Бюл. № 25 (45) Опубликовано: 30.05.2018 Бюл. № 16 2224051 C1, 20.02.2004. RU 2380144 C1, 27.01.2010. RU 2010114842 A, 20.10.2011. JP 2004337843 A, 02.12.2004. CN 101298317 A, 05.11.2008. GB 726532 A, 23.03.1955. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.02.2016 2 6 5 6 0 1 7 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 24.07.2014 (72) Автор(ы): МАНАБЕ ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Настоящее изобретение относится к системе и способу производства химической потенциальной энергии и может быть использовано в производстве эффективного топлива, которое можно было бы использовать в чистых энергетических процессах, при которых не образуются и не выделяются парниковые газы и другие загрязнители окружающей среды. Система диссоциации газов включает сепаратор газовых компонентов, источник электронов, выполненный с возможностью испускания электронов, генератор электрического поля, анод и промежуточный электрод. Катод представляет собой термоионный катод. Генератор имеет энергию, достаточную для диссоциации молекул реагирующих газов. Анод расположен от катода на предварительно заданном расстоянии, ограничивающем реакционную газовую камеру. Газовая камера выполнена с возможностью вызывать взаимодействие между электронами и молекулами реагирующего газа. Промежуточный электрод расположен рядом с сепаратором и катодом. Промежуточный электрод выполнен с возможностью диссоциации молекул ...

УСТРОЙСТВО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ВОДЫ НА КИСЛОРОД И ВОДОРОД ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫМИ ПОЛЯМИ

СПОСОБ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ВОДЫ

ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ РАЗНООБРАЗНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Солнечная электростанция для обработки разнообразных материалов солнечной энергией, содержащая параболический коллектор с размещенным в его фокусе ресивером, зафиксированный с возможностью свободного вращения как минимум в двух направлениях вокруг оси колонны, к которой он прикреплен выпуклой стороной, имеющий двойной корпус, состоящий из аркообразных сегментов, закрепленных на решетчатой каркасной конструкции, регулируемой так, чтобы следовать за движением солнца, снабженный несущими и движущими элементами, среди которых находится приемник тепла, выполненный в виде рабочего пространства для обработки, и соединенный с резервуаром для хранения материала, характеризующаяся тем, что конический ресивер (7) коллектора (1) содержит коническую внутреннюю полость, стенка которой вместе с параллельной внешней стенкой приемника (7) образуют еще одну внутреннюю полость, в которой оборудована система транспортировки материала, и служит как рабочее пространство для обработки разнообразных материалов ...

Energieumwandlungssystem

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein System zur Energieumwandlung von Sonnenlicht in elektrische Energie (durch eine Solarzelle) sowie in Wasserstoff bzw. Sauerstoff aus Wasser mittels eines Photokatalysators. Auf diesem Weg kann auch der hochenergetische Teil des Sonnenspektrums besser ausgenutzt werden.

Verwendung von Kohlenstoffdioxid aus Verbrennungsabgasen und solar erzeugtem Wasserstoff zur Herstellung flüssiger Brennstoffe

Verwendung von Kohlenstoffdioxid aus Verbrennungsabgasen und solar erzeugtem Wasserstoff zur Herstellung flüssiger Brennstoffe. Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffen aus solar erzeugtem Wasserstoff, wobei die solare Erzeugung an einem Ort intensiver Sonnenstrahlung erfolgt. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffen aus solar erzeugtem Wasserstoff angegeben, das gegenüber bekannten Verfahren verbessert ist. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass von dem Ort der solaren Erzeugung eine chemische Umwandlung des Wasserstoffs mit Kohlendioxid in ein Zwischenprodukt zur Herstellung eines Brennstoffs oder in ein Endprodukt eines Brennstoffs erfolgt.

Oxygen concentrator and method

Synthesising hydrocarbons

Device for hydrogen and electricity production

REACTOR WITH HEAT GRADIENTS, WHICH IS STEERED TO PRODUCTION BY PURE HYDROGEN

Thermolysis catalyst for combustion machine, e.g. gas turbine, comprises spaced, concentric hollow cylinders enclosing intermediate cavity with metal coating, inlet, outlet and temperature sensor

A thermolysis catalyst for a combustion machine comprises a combustion chamber shell with two spaced, concentric hollow cylinders (2, 3) enclosing an intermediate cavity (1). The chamber walls have a metal coating (4) for releasing combustion heat applied to the inner cylinder (2). The outer cylinder (3) has a water supply inlet opening (5), an oxy-hydrogen gas releasing outlet opening (6) and a water supply controlling a temperature sensor (8).

CONVERSION OF COAL TO HYDROCARBONS

Reactor with a thermal gradient controlled for the production of pure hydrogen

THERMOLYSIS OF WATER IN CONTACT WITH ZEOLITE MASSES

D-9886 THERMOLYSIS OF WATER IN CONTACT WITH ZEOLITE MASSES Dehydration of hydrated crystalline zeolites containing trivalent metal cations results in the concurrent reduction of the trivalent cation to the bivalent state and the evolution of oxygen. Rehydration of the zeolite produces free hydrogen and oxidizes the bivalent metal cations to their initial trivalent state. A cyclic operation of the two procedures is advantageously employed. S P E C I F I C A T I O N ...

SYSTEMS, APPARATUSES, AND METHODS FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER VIA CONVERSION OF WATER TO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for generating electric power via conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen. According to an aspect, a method includes applying super-heated steam across a catalyst surface within a catalyst chamber to generate ionized steam plasma. The method further includes forming an anode and a cathode between molecules of the ionized steam plasma. The method also includes using the anode and the cathode to generate electricity.

INTEGRATION OF THERMOCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING WITH CO2 DIRECTAIR CAPTURE

The present disclosure is directed to the integration of direct air capture of carbon dioxide with thermochemical water splitting, the latter optionally driven by solar energy. The disclosure is also directed to a process comprising extracting carbon dioxide from an air stream by contacting the air-stream with an alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide of empirical formula A_xMO₂ (0.1 < x ? 1), where A represents the alkali metal ion comprising sodium ion, potassium ion, or a combination thereof and M comprises iron, manganese, or a combination thereof to form a transition metal composition comprising an oxidized ion extracted-transition metal oxide.

HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE

A hydrogen generation device and method are provided. The device includes componentry for separating an input flow of water such as tap water into separate hydrogen enriched and oxygen enriched flows. These flows are then recombined to produce a hydrogen enriched flow with a substantially neutral pH.

Carbon free dissociation of water and production of hydrogen related power.

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hy-drogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HYDROGEN OR SYNGAS PRODUCTION

The present invention relates to a system comprising a heat source to provide heat at the desired temperature and energy field (e.g. a solar concentrator); an electron source configured and operable to emit electrons; an electric field generator generating an electric field adapted to supply energy sufficient to dissociate gas molecules; and a reaction gas chamber configured and operable to cause interaction between the electrons with the molecules, such that the electrons dissociate the molecules to product compound and ions via dissociative electrons attachment (DEA) within the chamber.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OXYGEN AND/OR HYDROGEN IN AN ENVIRONMENT DEVOID OF BREATHABLE OXYGEN

An apparatus for producing oxygen in an atmosphere substantially devoid of breathable oxygen.

Photocatalyst, Method for Preparing the Same, and Production of Hydrogen Using the Same

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГОРЮЧЕГО ГАЗА, ТЕПЛОВОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА

Изобретение относится к области энергетики, в частности к физико-химическим технологиям получения тепловой энергии, и может быть использовано в различных отраслях промышленности, сельском хозяйстве, на транспорте и т.д. Технический результат - снижение затрат энергии на расщепление молекул воды в электрическом поле, оптимизация процессов производства горючего газа, тепловой энергии, водорода и кислорода, а также повышение коэффициента полезного действия технологического процесса электролитического разложении воды. Способ включает предварительную обработку воды в жидкой фазе импульсным разрядом электрического тока в реакторе-конденсаторе C1 параметрического генератора электромагнитного поля на частотах устойчивости параметрического резонанса, кратных основному колебательному переходу молекул водорода, с возможностью образования свободных молекул воды в парогазовой фазе. Полученную парогазовую смесь затем обрабатывают импульсным разрядом электрического поля в реакторе-конденсаторе С2 второго ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Absorbing Light In Visible Spectrum Material Tioi Method Of Its Production

Device and method for producing hydrogen and oxygen

PROCEDE DE PHOTO-OXYDATION CATALYTIQUE D'EAU

Procédé photochimique de captage d'énergie lumineuse. On fait irradier par de la lumière visible une solution comportant de l'eau, un complexe de manganèse Il ou de manganèse III de formule MnL, ou L est un ligand phtalocyanine, 5, 10, 15, 20-tétraphénylporphyrine ou 5, 10, 15, 20-tétrapyridylprophyrine et un accepteur d'électrons convenable. Il en résulte l'oxydation d'eau en oxygène et la réduction de l'accepteur d'électrons. L'accepteur d'électrons réduit peut servir, en l'état ou après conversion, comme combustible chimique. Application au captage et à l'emmagasinage d'énergie solaire ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN BY DECOMPOSITION OF WATER

OXYGEN-GENERATING SOLID COMPOSITION

CONDUCTING CERAMICS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

The present invention generally relates to conducting materials such as mixed ionically and electrically conducting materials. A variety of materials, material compositions, materials with advantageous ratios of ionically and electrically conducting components, structures including such materials, and the like are provided in accordance with the invention. In one aspect, the invention relates to conducting ceramics for electrochemical systems and, in particular, to mixed ionically and electrically conducting ceramics which can be used, for example, for electrochemical systems and, in particular, to mixed ionically and electrically conducting ceramics which can be used, for example, for hydrogen gas generation from a gasified hydrocarbon stream. One aspect of the invention provides a material comprising a first phase comprising a ceramic ionic conductor, and a second phase comprising a ceramic electrical conductor. An example of such a material is a material comprising ZrO2 doped with Sc2O3 ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING THE MIXTURE OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN BY THE ACTION OF UV RADIATION ON MICRO- CRYSTALS OF ICE WATER

Present invention refers to a device and method for obtaining a mixture of hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 through the activity of UV radiation on ice microcrystals. The device comprises a source of UV radiation (2); optical fibre (3) via which the UV radiation is directed from the source of the UV radiation (2) towards the chamber (10) containing the ice microcrystals subjected to the activity of the UV rays; internal chamber (6) in which water vapour is introduced via an injector, in which the internal chamber (6) is situated within the chamber (10) from which it is separated by longitudinal barriers (9); a rotating hollow cylinder (5) around whose perimeter fibres (4) are distributed, cooling device (7) that provides ice microcrystals on the fibres (4), where the cooling device (7) is placed within the rotating hollow cylinder (5) and the outflow (8) for the gaseous O2 and H2 towards the feeder. The said device and method are used for obtaining a mixture of hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 for driving ...

COMPOSITE METAL OXIDE PHOTOCATALYST EXHIBITING RESPONSIBILITY TO VISIBLE LIGHT

A photocatalyst comprising a composite metal oxide which is prepared by combining two photocatalyst systems of TiO2 and BiVO4 and contains elements of Bi, Ti and V as component elements. The above photocatalyst is novel, and exhibits high responsibility to visible lights, a great quantum efficiency, and a photocatalyst activity superior to that of a conventional photocatalyst. Especially, BiTiVO6, which is obtained in the case of the compounding ratio of 1 : 1, can be a photocatalyst exhibiting markedly high activity under visible lights. Further, a composite metal oxide represented by a general formula: BiTiMO6, wherein M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb and Ta, can be a photocatalyst exhibiting high activity under visible lights.

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING ARSENIC FROM WATER

A method of purifying water comprises contacting the water with a quaternary oxide while exposing the quaternary oxide to visible light, the quaternary oxide containing a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal is 1 : 0.5 - 1.99 : 0.01 - 1.5.

System for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar energy

A system for producing and separating hydrogen and oxygen from water in which water is pumped through a preferentially permeable walled vessel heated to a high temperature by a solar energy concentrator. The water dissociates at high temperatures. Lower molecular weight components, especially hydrogen, diffuse preferentially through the vessel walls and are drawn off and separated. Oxygen may be separated from the products which do not diffuse through the walls by conventional separation techniques. A system is provided for making use of solar energy to produce storable fuels for use during periods of no sunshine.

Disk-Pack Turbine

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water. 1. A disk-pack turbine comprising:two disks each having a waveform surface with a plurality of waveform rings centered about an axial center of said disk-pack turbine and a plurality of vanes around an exterior of said disk and outside of said waveform rings, said waveform surfaces face each other,one disk includes a plurality of recesses each configured to receive a respective vertical member of said other disk, said vertical members define convergent and divergent channels extending away from said axial center.2. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 1 , wherein each disk has a non-circular perimeter.3. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 2 , wherein said non-circular perimeter includes a waveform.4. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 2 , wherein said non-circular perimeter includes a series of scallop shapes.5. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 1 , wherein a height of each disk at a lowest level of the waveform face is larger than a maximum depth of the waveform face.6. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 1 , wherein one disk includes a central flat region centered on the axial center and defines one side of an expansion chamber.7. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 1 , wherein the waveform rings include hyperbolic waveforms.8. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 7 , wherein the plurality of vanes defines a plurality of channels that curve out away from said waveform rings.9. The disk-pack turbine according to claim 8 , wherein a width of each channel increases along a length of the respective channel.10. The disk-pack turbine according to ...

Radio frequency hydrogen and oxygen generator and method

The present invention includes a method and device for generating hydrogen and oxygen from water using the heterodyning or impacting of two radio frequencies, one higher than the other with one of the radio frequencies being in the ultra high radio frequency bandwidth (UHF) and the other being in the very high radio frequency bandwidth (VHF), against the surface of water in a shielded enclosure. It involves a clean, odorless, and silent process that is environmentally friendly, with no residue, fumes, or other unwanted byproducts. Optionally, water filtering means, water heating means, saltwater, and/or fresh water can be used. A water spray can also be used to increase the water surface area available for fracture by the radio frequency disturbance.

Filter material for generating oxygen and/or hydrogen from a source

A filter material for generating oxygen and/or hydrogen gas from a source having a porous boron doped carbon film with diruthenium/diruthenium molecules in direct contact with the porous boron doped carbon film, a synthetic film having at least one zeolite crystalline body in direct contact with the nanocarbon tubules, or both in a continuous alternating arrangement.

Oxysulfide photocatalyst for decomposition of water by visible light

A photocatalyst which comprises an oxysulfide containing at least one transition metal; a preferable photocatalyst which also comprises a rare earth element such as Sm in addition to the above and wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb; a more preferable photocatalyst which further comprises a promoter comprising a transition metal such as Pt loaded on each of the above photocatalyst; and a catalyst for use in the decomposition of water by a light which comprises one of the above oxysulfide photocatalysts.

Mechanism for direct-water-splitting via piezoelectrochemical effect

A mechanism of initiating a redox reaction, such as hydrogen gas production by direct-water-splitting, is provided in which a piezoelectric material is mechanically stressed by actively applying a mechanical stress to the material. The mechanical stress applied to the piezoelectric material causes an electrical potential build up on the surface of the material due to the piezoelectric properties of the material. When the piezoelectric material stressed in this manner is placed in direct contact with the redox reaction reactant(s), the potential on the polarized surface can be used as chemical driving energy to initiate the reaction, such as to split water and generate hydrogen gas. In this manner the mechanical energy applied to the piezoelectric material, such as vibration energy from natural or man-made sources, can be converted directly into chemical energy to initiate the reaction.

Hydrogen production from water by tuning the photonic band gap with the electronic band gap of a photoactive material

Disclosed is a photocatalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a photoactive material comprising a photonic band gap and an electronic band gap, wherein the photonic band gap at least partially overlaps with the electronic band gap, and an electrically conductive material deposited on the photoactive material.

PHOSPHATE PHOTOCATALYST COMPRISING METAL ION IN D sp 10 /sp OR D sp 0 /sp ELECTRON STATE

A photo-catalyst comprising a compound having structure composing a network formed by mutual connection of an unit constructing oxygen octahedra or tetrahedra containing a transition metal ion or a typical metallic ion in d10 or d0 configuration and an unit constructing PO4 tetrahedron connected to said oxygen octahedra or tetrahedra, further containing an alkali metal besides said metallic ion as a consituent element, for example, AXNb2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) AXTa2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) AXIn2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) and RuO2 is loaded on the compound. The photo-catalyst can be used for the complete decomposition of water.

REACTOR FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER

Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen

In the present invention, a method and apparatus for producing hydrogen by thermochemical water splitting are provided. The method for producing hydrogen of the present invention includes a reduction step of heating a high oxidation state redox material in an inert atmosphere to remove oxygen from the high oxidation state redox material, and thereby obtain a low oxidation state redox material and oxygen; and a hydrogen generation step of bringing water into contact with a low oxidation state redox material to oxidize the low oxidation state redox material and reduce the water, and thereby obtain a high oxidation state redox material and hydrogen. In the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention, the reduction step and the hydrogen generation step are performed switchingly in a same reaction vessel. Further, the apparatus for producing hydrogen of the present invention is used for performing the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention.

Combustion engine air supply

This disclosure relates to a dry cell system for separating water into hydrogen and oxygen in combination with catalytic-type chemicals and materials. The separated hydrogen/oxygen are provided into the air intake system of an internal combustion engine and used therein to greatly improve the operation of said internal combustion engine, both in regards to fuel consumption as well as detrimental exhaust products.

PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER SPLITTING

The invention is directed to a method for photocatalytic water splitting, and to an apparatus for carrying out said method. 1. Method for photocatalytically splitting water , comprisingoxidising water with an oxygen evolution photocatalyst by irradiation with light, causing an electron to be generated in the conduction band of the oxygen evolution photocatalyst and a hole to be generated in the valence band of the oxygen evolution photocatalyst;reducing water with a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst by irradiation with light, causing an electron to be generated in the conduction band of the hydrogen evolution photocatalyst and a hole to be generated in the valence band of the hydrogen evolution photocatalyst;wherein said oxygen evolution photocatalyst is in contact with a first side of an electrically conductive separator layer and said hydrogen evolution photocatalyst is in contact with a second side of said electrically conductive separator layer, andwherein the electron from the conduction band of the photo-excited oxygen evolution photocatalyst recombines with the hole from the valence band of the photo-excited hydrogen evolution photocatalyst via charge transfer through the electrically conductive separator layer.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said electrically conductive separator layer is mechanically supported by one or more perforated supports claim 1 , such as a perforated silicon support claim 1 , wherein preferably the perforations have an average diameter as measured by SEM in the range of 10-500 μm claim 1 , preferably in the range of 50-200 μm.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said oxygen evolution photocatalyst and/or said hydrogen evolution photocatalyst are in the form of photocatalytically active nanoparticles claim 1 , preferably having a spherical claim 1 , cubic claim 1 , pyramidal claim 1 , or prism shape.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said electrically conductive separator layer does not facilitate proton transport ...

AXIALLY-INTEGRATED EPITAXIALLY-GROWN TANDEM WIRE ARRAYS

A photoelectrode, methods of making and using, including systems for water-splitting are provided. The photoelectrode can be a semiconducting material having a photocatalyst such as nickel or nickel-molybdenum coated on the material. The photoelectrode includes an elongated axially integrated wire having at least two different wire compositions. 1. A method of making a nano- or micro-wire , comprising: (i) forming a templated oxide layer on the substrate, wherein the template for the templated oxide layer comprises openings in the oxide layer for the formation of a first junction structure; and', '(ii) growing a set of first junction structures on the substrate, wherein the first junction structure growth is supported by a catalyst deposited in the openings in the oxide layer;, '(a) fabricating a first junction structures on a Si substrate comprising'}(b) encapsulating the fabricated first junction structures in a passivation layer;(c) etching the passivation layer to expose an end of the first junction structure; and(d) growing a second junction structure on the exposed end of the first junction structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating of (b) comprises depositing SiO claim 1 , SiN claim 1 , SiONor amorphous Si on the first junction structure.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second junction structure is grown by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system or a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after (c) depositing an ohmic contact layer on the exposed end of the first junction structure.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ohmic contact comprises a semiconducting material.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ohmic contact comprises a material selected from the group consisting of GaAs claim 5 , GaP claim 5 , GaAsP claim 5 , AlGa claim 5 , As claim 5 , AlGaAsP claim 5 , InGaAs claim 5 , InGaP claim 5 , InGaAsP claim 5 , AlInAsP claim 5 , AlGaAsNP claim 5 , InGaAsNP claim 5 , ...

Water Dissociation System

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water. 1. A water dissociation system comprising:a vortex housing having a vortex chamber; a housing defining a chamber,', 'a disk-pack turbine within said chamber and in fluid communication with the vortex chamber,', 'at least two discharge channels extending away from the chamber, and', 'at least two discharge outlets, each in fluid communication with one of said discharge channels; and, 'a disk-pack module having'}a drive system module engaging said disk-pack turbine.2. The water dissociation system according to claim 1 , further comprisinga cover over said vortex housing, andat least one valve passing through said cover; andwherein said vortex housing having a plurality of vortex inlets in fluid communication with the vortex chamber.3. The water dissociation system according to claim 2 , further comprising a controller electrically connected to said at least one valve.4. The water dissociation system according to claim 1 , wherein each discharge outlet extends up from said housing of said disk-pack module and is taller than said vortex housing.51. The water dissociation system according to claim 1 , wherein said discharge outlet includes a cavity that flares out from said discharge channel.6. The water dissociation system according to claim 1 , wherein said vortex chamber is above said disk-pack turbine and said drive system module.7. The water dissociation system according to claim 6 , wherein said drive system module includes a motor and a driveshaft connecting said motor to said disk-pack turbine.8. The water dissociation system according to claim 7 , wherein said driveshaft ...

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL (PEC) CELL

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is described herein. The PEC cell includes a first side configured to capture electromagnetic energy. The PEC cell further includes a second side opposed to the first side comprising an anode electrode and a cathode electrode. The PEC cell further includes a buried p-n junction that converts electromagnetic energy received at the first side into electrical energy. The electrical energy is used to catalyze oxygen and hydrogen at the second side of the PEC cell. 1. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cell , comprising:a semiconductor layer comprising a light capture surface arranged at a first side, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises a buried junction configured to convert incident electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; andan electrode layer arranged at a second surface of the semiconductor layer that includes an anode electrode configured to catalyze hydrogen, and a cathode electrode configured to catalyze oxygen.2. The PEC cell of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the first and second electrode are in contact with an electrolyte solution comprising water and are supplied with electrical energy from the buried junction claim 1 , the first and second electrodes catalyze water into hydrogen and oxygen.3. The PEC cell of claim 1 , wherein the buried junction layer comprises a vertical buried junction layer.4. The PEC cell of claim 1 , wherein the buried junction layer includes a first plurality of doped regions and a second plurality of doped regions arranged in an alternating pattern.5. The PEC cell of claim 4 , wherein the buried junction layer includes the first plurality of doped regions comprising a plurality of N-type strips claim 4 , and the second plurality of doped regions comprising a plurality of P-type strips arranged in the alternating pattern.6. The PEC cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode comprises a first plurality of fingers and the cathode ...

Isothermal synthesis of fuels with reactive oxides

A method for converting thermal energy to chemical energy by reducing a reactive oxide substrate at a constant temperature under a first atmosphere with a lower oxygen partial pressure, and then contacting the reduced oxide at the same temperature with a second atmosphere with a higher oxygen partial pressure, during which oxygen is driven into the reduced oxide by the oxygen chemical potential difference between the two atmospheres, thereby leaving fuel behind, i.e. producing fuel. A method for preparing the reactive oxide substrate by using liquid media as a binder and pore former and heating the mixture of the reactive oxide and the liquid media, thereby forming the reactive oxide substrate.

PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen. 1. A process for separating hydrogen and oxygen from a gas mixture that is produced from photocatalytic splitting of water comprising:(a) contacting a water source with a water splitting photocatalyst, and exposing the water and photocatalyst to light under conditions that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen forming a feed gas for separation; (i) mixing the feed gas with a hydrogen stream, reducing the combustibility of the feed source and forming a feed source;', '(ii) compressing the feed source to a pressure of at least 10 bars forming a compressed feed source;', '(iii) exposing the compressed feed source to an adsorption medium that differentially adsorbs oxygen producing an enriched hydrogen product gas and an adsorbed oxygen source;', '(iv) separating the enriched hydrogen stream and the adsorbed oxygen source; and', '(v) desorbing the adsorbed oxygen from the adsorbed oxygen source by reducing the pressure on the adsorption medium forming an oxygen enriched product gas;, '(b) separating hydrogen and oxygen from the feed gas by'}(c) collecting, storing, and/or utilizing a hydrogen product gas and an oxygen product gas.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is performed at 5 to 40° C.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is performed at about 20° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed source is mixed with a recycled portion of the enriched hydrogen product gas.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed source is compressed using a centrifugal compressor.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising filtering and dehydrating the feed source or the compressed feed source prior to separating hydrogen from the feed source.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption medium comprises a molecular sieve that preferentially adsorbs oxygen when under pressure.8. ...

Portable chemical oxygen generator

The disclosure provides oxygen generating compositions including sodium percarbonate, manganese dioxide, and trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate which generates high purity breathable oxygen. The disclosure further provides methods of generating oxygen and portable chemical oxygen generators including the oxygen generating compositions of the disclosure.

ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODULE ELECTRODE AND ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODULE

Provided are an artificial photosynthesis module electrode with high efficiency and an artificial photosynthesis module having the artificial photosynthesis module electrode. 1. An artificial photosynthesis module electrode comprising:a first electrode that decomposes a raw material fluid with light to obtain a first fluid;a first conductive member connected to the first electrode;a second electrode that decomposes the raw material fluid with the light to obtain a second fluid; anda second conductive member connected to the second electrode,wherein the first electrode has a plurality of first electrode parts connected to the first conductive member and disposed with a gap in a first direction on a first plane,wherein the second electrode has a plurality of second electrode parts connected to the second conductive member and disposed with a gap in the first direction on a second plane parallel to or identical to the first plane,wherein the first electrode part and the second electrode part are alternately disposed with each other as seen from a second direction perpendicular to the first plane, andwherein an electrode spacing between the first electrode part and the second electrode part is more than 5 μm and less than 1 mm.2. An artificial photosynthesis module electrode comprising:a first electrode that decomposes a raw material fluid with light to obtain a first fluid;a first electrode base material part connected to the first electrode;a second electrode that decomposes the raw material fluid with the light to obtain a second fluid; anda second electrode base material part connected to the second electrode,wherein the first electrode has a plurality of first electrode parts connected to the first electrode base material part and disposed with a gap in a first direction on a first plane, and the first electrode includes a first recess formed by the first electrode parts and the first electrode base material part,wherein the second electrode has a plurality of ...

METHOD OF GENERATING HYDROGEN FROM WATER SPLITTING AND A PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR PERFORMING WATER SPLITTING

A method of generating hydrogen from photoelectrochemical water splitting using a technique that combines an external electric field with light-driven water splitting. In particular, an electric field is applied at a semiconductor-water interface in a manner that boosts the efficiency and performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting, e.g. by selecting properties of the external electric field to increase susceptibility of water molecules to break up. The radiation that drives water-splitting may be solar radiation, which effectively represents a zero-cost energy input. The advantage of the invention arises because the increase in hydrogen generated that follows from application of the external electric field can have a calorific value greater than the energy required to generate the external electric field. The external electric field thus has a quasi-catalytic effect to promote more efficient conversion of the radiation into hydrogen. 1. A method of generating hydrogen from photoelectrochemical water splitting , the method comprising:providing a photoelectrochemical cell having a semiconductor photoanode and a photocathode in contact with water;irradiating the photoelectrochemical cell with radiation selected to promote electrons in the semiconductor photoanode to the conduction band; andgenerating an external electromagnetic field across an interface between the semiconductor photoanode and water,wherein properties of the electromagnetic field are selected to increase susceptibility of water molecules to break up.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the external electromagnetic field is a static electric field.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the external electromagnetic field is a dynamic electromagnetic field having a frequency selected such that oscillation of the field have a period that is the same order of magnitude as the relaxation time of hydrogen bonds in the water.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the frequency is greater than 100 GHz.5. ( ...

RUTHENIUM ON CHITOSAN (ChRu): CONCERTED CATALYSIS FOR WATER SPLITTING AND REDUCTION

A process and catalyst for the in situ generation of hydrogen via the microwave irradiation of a ruthenium chitosan composite catalyst has enabled the convenient reduction of nitro compounds in aqueous medium.

NEW METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR THE THERMOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER

The present disclosure is directed to methods of catalytically reducing carbon dioxide, each method comprising: contacting a composition comprising a spinel-type transition iron oxide with an alkali metal carbonate, bicarbonate, or mixture thereof at a first temperature to form CO, and an alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide; hydrolytically extracting at least a portion of alkali metal ions from the alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide by the reaction with COand liquid HO at a second temperature; and thermochemically reducing the transition metal composition of the second step at a third temperature, with the associated formation of O. 121-. (canceled)22. A method of catalytically reducing carbon dioxide , said method comprising:{'sub': 3', '4', '2, '(a) contacting a composition comprising a spinel-type transition metal oxide of formula MOwith an alkali metal carbonate, bicarbonate, or mixture thereof in the absence of HO at a first temperature in a range of from 450° C. to 1000° C. to form CO, and an alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide, said alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide having an average transition metal oxidation state that is higher than the average oxidation state of the transition metal in the spinel-type transition metal oxide;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) hydrolytically extracting at least a portion of alkali metal ions from the alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide by the reaction with COand liquid HO at a second temperature in a range of from 60° C. to 250° C. to form a transition metal composition comprising an oxidized ion extracted-transition metal oxide in which the average oxidation state of the transition metal in the oxidized ion extracted-transition metal oxide is the same as the average oxidation state of the transition metal in the alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide; and'}{'sub': '2', '(c) thermochemically reducing the transition metal composition of step (b) at a third temperature in a range of from 450° C. to 1250° C., with ...

METAL OXIDE-ORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF

Catalysts prepared from abundant, cost effective metals, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, and containing one or more neutrally charged ligands (e.g., monodentate, bidentate, and/or polydentate ligands) and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Exemplary ligands include, but are not limited to, phosphine ligands, nitrogen-based ligands, sulfur-based ligands, and/or arsenic-based ligands. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The catalysts described herein are stable and active at neutral pH and in a wide range of buffers that are both weak and strong proton acceptors. While its activity is slightly lower than state of the art cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts under some conditions, it is capable of sustaining electrolysis at high applied potentials without a significant degradation in catalytic current. This enhanced robustness gives it an advantage in industrial and large-scale water electrolysis schemes. 1. A heterogeneous catalyst having the chemical formula{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '2', 'e, 'MY(CO)O(OH)(HO)'} M is a d-block transition metal;', 'Y is a monodentate ligand, bidentate ligand, polydentate ligand, or combinations thereof;', 'a is any value from about 0 to about 3;', 'b is any value from about 0 to about 3;', 'c is any value from about 1 to about 4; and', 'd is any value from about 0 to about 4; and', 'e is any value from about 0 to about 6., 'wherein'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is cobalt.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is nickel.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the M is chromium.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the M is copper.7. The catalyst claim 1 , wherein the M is iron.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT ENDOTHERMIC GAS PHASE-SOLID OR GAS-SOLID REACTIONS

The present invention relates to a process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions, wherein the endothermic reaction is conducted in a production phase in a first reactor zone, the production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections/or in the form of a fluidized bed, and the product-containing gas stream is drawn off from the production zone in the region of the highest temperature level plus/minus 200 K and the product-containing gas stream is guided through a second reactor zone, the heat recycling zone, which at least partly comprises a fixed bed, where the heat from the product-containing gas stream is stored in the fixed bed, and, in the subsequent purge step, a purge gas is guided through the production zone and the heat recycling zone in the same flow direction, and, in a heating zone disposed between the production zone and the heat recycling zone, the heat required for the endothermic reaction is introduced into the product-containing gas stream and into the purge stream or into the purge stream, and then, in a regeneration phase, a gas is passed through the two reactor zones in the reverse flow direction and the production zone is heated up; the present invention further relates to a structured reactor comprising three zones, a production zone containing solid particles, a heating zone and a heat recycling zone containing a fixed bed, wherein the solid particles and the fixed bed consist of different materials. 1: A process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions , the process comprising:conducting an endothermic reaction in a production step in a first reactor zone, a production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections or in the form of a fluidized bed, anddrawing off a product-containing gas stream ...

Method and apparatus for scalable, high volume accelerant gas (AG) generation for high capacity internal combustion engines (ICE)

A high efficiency electrode consisting of an electrode plate having a top and a bottom. At least one saw-tooth opening is provided in the electrode plate. Each saw-tooth opening has a plurality of teeth extending upwardly toward the top of the electrode plate, the teeth being separated by v-shaped gaps. Bubbles travel quickly up the angled upslope of the teeth and are released when they reach an apex of each of the teeth. 1. A method and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas for both gas and diesel internal combustion engines (ICE) for improvements in both fuel efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions. The apparatus in this invention comprises the following assemblies/subsystems of:a connection to the ICE battery (or alternator) for a 12 v supply;a Smart Controller (ECU) comprising a constant current design concept for controlling a hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas generator assembly;a hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas generator comprising a cell plus electrolyte tank (single and double configurations);a Blowback preventer/Dryer for trapping any water vapor from the oxy-generator as well as a retardant for any potential blowback issues from the ICE;a connection to the air intake of the ICE;connectivity between the ICE and the ECU for ICE real-time performance feedback and real-time control of the oxy-generator;a ECU for real-time data recording of ICE performance and the real-time tuning of such for optimum ICE performance when employing this oxy-generation system.2. The method of includes the following steps:connection of a ECU to either the ICE battery or alternator;a ECU based on the control of high current (to 50 A and higher) to an oxy-generator assembly capable of high volumes of hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas generation per minute;under ECU direction, the generation of hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas in an on-demand concept;the passage of hydrogen and oxygen accelerant gas through an electrolyte tank;the passage of hydrogen and ...

WATER OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Homogeneous water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) for the oxidation of water to produce hydrogen ions and oxygen, and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. In a preferred embodiment, the WOC is a polyoxometalate WOC which is hydrolytically stable, oxidatively stable, and thermally stable. The WOC oxidized waters in the presence of an oxidant. The oxidant can be generated photochemically, using light, such as sunlight, or electrochemically using a positively biased electrode. The hydrogen ions are subsequently reduced to form hydrogen gas, for example, using a hydrogen evolution catalyst (HEC). The hydrogen gas can be used as a fuel in combustion reactions and/or in hydrogen fuel cells. The catalysts described herein exhibit higher turn over numbers, faster turn over frequencies, and/or higher oxygen yields than prior art catalysts. 1. A method of oxidizing water to oxygen , comprising mixing water with a photosensitizer , and a polyoxometalate water oxidation catalyst , under conditions such that oxygen is formed , wherein the catalyst is [Co(HO)(PWO)][A]wherein A is a cation or combination of cations.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing is done in the presence of an oxidizing agent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing is done in an electrochemical cell comprising an electrode.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the electrochemical cell further comprises nanocrystalline TiO.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitizer is a ruthenium complex. This Application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/256,227, filed Sep. 13, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,822,367, issued Sep. 2, 2014, which is a 371 U.S.C of PCT International Patent Serial No. PCT/US2010/027670, filed on Mar. 17, 2010, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application 61/160,881, filed on Mar. 17, 2009 and U.S. Provisional Application 61/305,301, filed on Feb. 17, 2010. The entirety of each of these applications is incorporated by reference for ...

Hydrogen generation electrode and artificial photosynthesis module

A hydrogen generation electrode is used for an artificial photosynthesis module that decomposes an electrolytic aqueous solution into hydrogen and oxygen with light. The hydrogen generation electrode has a conductive layer, an inorganic semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive layer and has a pn junction, and a functional layer that covers an inorganic semiconductor layer. The steam permeability of the functional layer is 5 g/(m 2 ·day) or less.

COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AS POROUS SUPPORTS FOR NON-NOBLE METAL BASED WATER SPLITTING ELECTROCATALYSTS

The present invention discloses porous covalent organic frameworks (COF) supported noble metal-free nanoparticles which are useful as electrocatalysts for a water splitting system, and to the process for preparation of such electrocatalysts. The covalent organic frameworks (COF) supported noble metal-free nanoparticles have general formula (I): 1. A stable covalent organic framework (COF) supported noble metal free nanoparticle composite of the general formula I as electro catalysts for water splitting with low over potential comprising a compound of Formula I:{'br': None, 'i': x', 'y', 'n, 'COF_AB(M)\u2003\u2003(Formula I)'}wherein COF is selected from a Tris (4-formylphenyl)amine terephthaldehyde polymer or a benzimidazole-phloroglucinol polymer;‘A’ and ‘B’ each independently represent a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, and mixtures thereof; or ‘A’ and ‘B’ together represent a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, and mixtures thereof,‘M’ represents hydroxide or a nitride ion;‘x’ and ‘y’ represent the weight % of the metal loadings in the range 16-18 wt % of total wt % of COF; or ‘x’ and ‘y’ together represent the valency of the ion; or x=0 to 16 wt % or 0 to 18 wt % and y=0 to 16 wt % or 0 to 18 wt %; or ‘x’ and ‘y’ together represents 16 to 18 wt %;‘n’ is an integer 1 or 2 or 3;with the proviso that:when ‘M’ represents hydroxide ion;‘A’ and ‘B’ independently represent a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, and a combination thereof,‘x’ and ‘y’ represent the weight % of the metal loadings in the range 16-18 wt % of total wt % of COF; x=0 to 16 wt % or 0 to 18 wt % and y=0 to 16 wt % or 0 to 18 wt %; or ‘x’ and ‘y’ together represents 16 to 18 wt %;‘n’ is an integer 2 or 3; andCOF represent Tris(4-formylphenyl)amine terephthaldehyde polymer; orwith the proviso that:when ‘M’ represents a nitride ion;‘A’ and ‘B’ each represent a transition metal ...

A HYDRO NANO-GAS REACTOR

The hydro nano-gas reactor system generates a reactive mixture of hydrogen gas. This gas can be stored in deionized water and/or gas tubes. A reactive plate in the reactor produces the gas enclosed in deionized water. 1. A hydro nano-gas reactor system generating a reactive mixture of hydrogen gas , comprising:a hollow reactor housing containing a catalytic plate constructed of alloys of at least two of Grafen®, other carbon alloys, steel, platinum, and titanium;lids tightly closing both ends of the housing said plate having at least two electrodes attached, said electrodes protruding through one of said lids, and said housing being filled with deionized water;{'b': '18', 'an electronic high power pulse generator being connected to said at least two electrodes feeding pulses in the frequency region of nanometer to said catalytic plate, and of a high voltage, said catalytic plate () reacting with said water through said pulses by resonance vibrations and electromagnetic pulse charging, and thus producing said reactive mixture of hydro nano-gas, said gas being a structured vaporized ionized water, hydrogen, and oxygen gas; and'}at least one of a water scrubber storing said generated mixture of hydro nano-gas, and gas tubes to store the clean produced gas.2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor housing is connected to at least one other reactor housing claim 1 , said reactor housings producing said reactive gas.3. A method adapted to a hydro nano-gas reactor system generating a reactive mixture of hydrogen gas claim 1 , comprising the steps of:utilizing a hollow reactor housing containing a catalytic plate constructed of alloys of at least two of Grafen®, other carbon alloys, steel, platinum, and titanium;having lids tightly closing both ends of the housing;said plate having at least two electrodes attached, said electrodes protruding through one of said lids, and said housing being filled with deionized water;utilizing an electronic high power pulse ...

DIHYDROXYBIPYRIDINE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM AND IRIDIUM FOR WATER OXIDATION AND HYDROGENATION

The present invention discloses a class of organometallic catalysts for both hydrogenation and water oxidation. The synthesis and the use of these catalysts for hydrogenation, hydrogen production and water oxidation reactions is also disclosed. 2. The organometallic complex of claim 1 , wherein M is ruthenium and Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered aromatic ring.3. The organometallic complex of claim 2 , wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of benzene or benzene substituted by one or more substitutes each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl claim 2 , alkenyl claim 2 , alkynyl claim 2 , fluoroalkyl and haloalkenyl.4. The organometallic complex of claim 2 , wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of benzene claim 2 , cymene claim 2 , and hexamethylbenzene.5. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said M is iridium and is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered aromatic ring.6. The organometallic complex of claim 5 , wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl claim 5 , methylcyclopentadienyl claim 5 , dimethylcyclopentadienyl claim 5 , and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl.7. The organometallic complex of claim 1 , wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl claim 1 , methylcyclopentadieny claim 1 , dimethylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , trimethylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , tetramethylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , ethylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , n-propylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , isopropylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , n-butylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , sec-butylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , tert-butylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , n-pentylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , neopentylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , n-hexylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , n-octylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , phenylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , naphthylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , triethylsilylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , tert-butyldimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl claim 1 , indenyl ...

On-demand hydrogen generator and method for generating hydrogen on-demand

An on-demand hydrogen generator and method therefor is presented herein. In particular, the present invention utilizes the photocatalytic activity of one or more photocatalysts dispersed throughout an amount of water to generate hydrogen, such as hydrogen gas (H 2 ), on-demand. Specifically, a reservoir with an amount of water or other fluid is included. A plurality of photocatalysts (such as, but in no way limited to titanium dioxide) is dispersed substantially throughout the water. An initiator, such as a light wave or UV wave generator, is structured to emit energy upon the photocatalysts dispersed throughout the water. Photocatalysis, caused by the initiator, water and photocatalysts, causes the water to split into hydrogen (h2) and oxygen. The hydrogen can then be obtained, on-demand, via one or more electrodes and used in many different application and environments, including, but not limited to various internal combustion engines for vehicles, generators, power stations, batteries, etc.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING AN ENERGY GRID WITH ENERGY FROM AN INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

A system and method for supplying an energy grid with energy from an intermittent renewable energy source having a production unit for producing Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen. The production unit is operated by using energy provided by the renewable energy source. An Oxygen storage receives and stores Oxygen produced by the production unit, a mixing unit receives and mixes the Hydrogen and the Nitrogen produced by the production unit to form a Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture, an Ammonia source receives and processes the Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture for generating a gas mixture containing Ammonia, an Ammonia power generator generates energy for the energy grid. The Ammonia power generator is fluidly connected to the Ammonia storage vessel, is configured to combust the received Ammonia in a combustion chamber to generate the energy, and is fluidly connected to the Oxygen storage to introduce Oxygen into the combustion chamber for combustion of Ammonia. 1. A system for providing energy for an energy grid based on energy provided by a renewable energy source , comprisingan H2-N2-O2-production unit for producing Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, wherein the H2-N2-O2-production unit is operated by using energy provided by the renewable energy source,an Oxygen storage configured to receive and store the Oxygen produced by the H2-N2-O2-production unit,a mixing unit configured to receive and mix the Hydrogen and the Nitrogen produced by the H2-N2-O2-production unit to form a Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture,an NH3 source for receiving and processing the Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture for generating a gas mixture containing NH3, wherein the NH3 source comprises a NH3 storage vessel for storing at least a part of the NH3 of the gas mixture containing NH3,an NH3 power generator for generating energy for the energy grid, wherein the NH3 power generatoris fluidly connected to the NH3 storage vessel to receive NH3 from the NH3 storage vessel,is configured to combust the received NH3 in a combustion ...

Systems and methods of water treatment for hydrogen production

A method includes providing raw water into a first filter assembly to remove solids from the raw water to form a filtrate, providing the filtrate from the first filter assembly into a second filter assembly to electrochemically remove ionics from the filtrate to form purified water, and providing the purified water to an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen by electrolyzing the purified water.

Device and Methods for Disinfecting Dental Lines

Described is a combination method, including a device and system for disinfecting and decontaminating water lines, for example, dental water lines, in the absence of a primary chemical component. 1. A water line decontamination and disinfection system comprising an ozone treatment coupled with a chemical treatment of water in a water line.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ozone treatment is a primary disinfection and precedes the chemical treatment.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ozone treatment is a secondary disinfection and follows the chemical treatment.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical treatment comprises a disinfecting media containing a cation-on-cation-on-cation surface to which the water in the water line is subjected.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water line is a dental water line.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ozone treatment and the chemical treatment are administered to the water in an in-line cartridge claim 1 , the in-line cartridge comprising an inlet claim 1 , an outlet claim 1 , and a body; wherein the chemical treatment comprises a disinfecting media disposed in the body claim 1 , the disinfecting media including a substrate comprising alumina claim 1 , silicate claim 1 , or combinations thereof claim 1 , and a cationic coating disposed on the substrate claim 1 , the cationic coating including one or more of AgO claim 1 , AgO claim 1 , and AgC.7. The system of further comprising a sensor for detecting a concentration of ozone in the water.8. The system of further comprising a control board configured to receive a signal from the sensor and stop a flow of fluid in response to the concentration of ozone being outside a predetermined concentration range.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the predetermined concentration range of ozone is from about 0.5 mg/L to about 2.0 mg/L.10. A cartridge for disinfecting water claim 8 , the cartridge comprising an inlet claim 8 , an outlet claim 8 , a body claim 8 , and a ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS RELATING TO PHOTOCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions. 1. A method comprising:engineering a Fermi level of non-polar surfaces of a nanowire to a predetermined value though doping with a predetermined dopant to yield a predetermined surface band bending; wherein the predetermined band bending reduces at least one of a hole depletion and an electron accumulation at a near-surface region of the nanowire.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined surface band bending removes an energy barrier at the non-polar surfaces of the plurality of nanowires allowing oxidation and reduction reactions to occur concurrently on the plurality of nanowires.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound semiconductor is an indium gallium nitride alloy claim 1 , the predetermined dopant is magnesium claim 1 , and the predetermined surface band bending is flat or slightly downward.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound semiconductor is an indium gallium nitride alloy claim 1 , the ...

Method for Increasing Efficiency of Semiconductor Photocatalysts

A method and composition for producing a photoactive material including photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals (PCCN) and plasmonic nanoparticles are disclosed. The PCCN may include a semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis and an exchange of organic capping agents with inorganic capping agents. Additionally, the PCCN may be deposited between the plasmonic nanoparticles, and may act as photocatalysts for redox reactions. The photoactive material may be used in a plurality of photocatalytic energy conversion applications, such as water splitting and CO 2 reduction. By combining different semiconductor materials for PCCN and plasmonic nanoparticles, and by changing their shapes and sizes, band gaps may be tuned to expand the range of wavelengths of sunlight usable by the photoactive material. Higher light harvesting and energy conversion efficiency may be achieved.

Hydrogen Generation Device

A hydrogen generation device and method are provided. The device includes componentry for separating an input flow of water such as tap water into separate hydrogen enriched and oxygen enriched flows. These flows are then recombined to produce a hydrogen enriched flow with a substantially neutral pH. 1. A device for modifying neutral pH tap water into hydrogen enriched water with substantially neutral pH , comprising:an inlet;an electrolytic cell, in flowable communication with the inlet, with a chamber containing one or more each of both an anode and a cathode with a membrane between each, for the purpose of splitting the neutral pH water into separate hydrogen enriched water with a higher pH and oxygen enriched water with a lower pH;a flow combiner connected to the chamber and configured to bring together the flow of hydrogen enriched water with the oxygen enriched water to form a combined hydrogen enriched water mixture with a substantially neutral pH; andan outlet connected to the flow combiner through which the hydrogen enriched water mixture is dispensed for consumption.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured as a countertop device and is not connected to a pressurized water source such as a faucet.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the water flow along a flow path through the device is gravity driven.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the water flow through the device along a flow path is driven by a pump.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein a replaceable water filter module is insertable into the flow path between the inlet and the electrolytic cell.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the replaceable water filter module is situated upstream from the pump relative to a flow path through the device.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the inlet claim 1 , electrolytic cell claim 1 , and flow combiner are housed within a housing claim 1 , and wherein the outlet extends out of said housing.8. The device of claim 7 , wherein a space is adjacent the ...

Energy conversion system

An energy conversion system includes a water-containing vessel with a transparent sidewall. Energized carbon rods are fed into the vessel such that the carbon rods are immersed in the water. The carbon rods are juxtaposed sufficiently that electrical arcing occurs between them, causing decomposition of some water molecules into constituent hydrogen and oxygen gas. Photon emissions resulting from the arcing are collected by photovoltaic cells placed around the sidewall of the vessel. The hydrogen gas is cooled by passing it through a water reservoir which also provides a source for water in the vessel. The cooled hydrogen gas may be used to fuel an internal combustion engine. Byproduct heat from the arcing reaction may be utilized in a Stirling engine or radiated from the system. As the carbon rods become depleted during arcing, additional rods are fed through conductive sleeves into the vessel by linear actuators. 1. An energy conversion apparatus comprising:a. a reaction chamber containing a supply of water;b. at least a first anode disposed within the water;c. at least a first cathode disposed within the water and proximal to the first anode, the at least a first anode coupled to a source of voltage at a first potential, the at least a first cathode coupled to a source of voltage at a second potential, the at least a first anode and the at least a first cathode selectively adjustably positionable within said water to bring the at least a first anode and the at least a first cathode sufficiently near for arcing to occur between the at least a first anode and the at least a first cathode;d. a collector to receive hydrogen escaping from the water in the reaction chamber; and,e. a photon collection element disposed relative to the reaction chamber to collect photons emitted during the arcing between the at least a first anode and the at least a first cathode.2. The energy conversion apparatus of wherein each of the at least a first anode and the at least a first ...

Separation membrane, hydrogen separation membrane including the separation membrane, and method of manufacturing the separation membrane

Disclosed are a separation membrane including a Group 5-based alloy, wherein crystal particles in the alloy have an average minor axis length of about 3 μm to about 10 μm and an aspect ratio of about 1:8 to 1:20, wherein the alloy is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a method of manufacturing the same. A x B y C z   (Chemical Formula 1) In Chemical Formula 1, A is vanadium, niobium, or tantalum, B and C are same or different and are independently selected from nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt), x is a real number of greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than 1, y+z=1−x, and y and z are independently real numbers of greater than or equal to about 0.

NANOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITES FOR GAS SEPARATION AND STORAGE

The disclosure provides nanostructured composites of graphene derivatives and metal nanocrystals for gas storage and gas separation. 1. A nanostructured composite comprising sheets or layers of graphene derivatives or graphene nanoribbons and a plurality of metal nanocrystals located between and in contact with the sheets or layers of the graphene derivatives or graphene nanoribbons , wherein the nanostructured composite is capable of reversibly adsorbing one or more gases and wherein the metal nanocrystals comprise a metal which remains at a zero valence state after exposure to oxygen and/or moisture.2. (canceled)3. The nanostructured composite of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metal nanocrystals comprise a metal selected from beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , and tin.4. The nanostructured composite of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of metal nanocrystals comprise magnesium.5. The nanostructured composite of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metal nanocrystals have a diameter from 1 nm to 20 nm.6. The nanostructured composite of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of metal nanocrystals have a diameter from about 2 nm to 4.5 nm.8. The nanostructured composite of claim 7 , wherein the structures have been oxidized to form graphene oxide structures.9. The nanostructured composite of claim 8 , wherein the structures have been oxidized and reduced to form reduced graphene oxide structures.10. The nanostructured composite of claim 1 , wherein the graphene derivatives are graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide.11. The nanostructured composite of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured composite is capable of reversibly adsorbing hydrogen gas.12. The nanostructure composite of claim 11 , wherein the hydrogen gas is reversibly adsorbed to the nanostructured ...

Method for generating oxygen and water electrolysis device

The present invention provides a method for efficiently generating oxygen by electrolyzing water using a copper delafossite compound as an anode. First, in the present invention, a water electrolysis device is prepared. The water electrolysis device comprises a container, a power supply, an anode, a cathode; and an aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode and the cathode are in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode has a copper cobalt delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula CuCoO 2 . The copper cobalt delafossite compound is in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. Then, an electric potential difference is applied between the cathode and the anode using the power supply to generate oxygen on the anode due to electrolysis of water which occurs on the copper cobalt delafossite compound.

COLLOIDAL-COPPER BASED WATER OXIDATION ELECTROCATALYST

A noble metal-free water oxidation electrocatalyst can be stable and obtained from earth-abundant materials, e.g., using copper-colloidal nanoparticles. The catalyst may contain nanobead and nanorod morphological features with narrow size distribution. The onset for oxygen evolution reaction can occur at a potential of 1.45 V(η=220 mV). Such catalysts may be stable during long-term water electrolysis and/or exhibit a high electroactive area, e.g., with a Tafel slope of 52 mV/dec, TOF of 0.81 s, and/or mass activity of 87 mA/mg. The copper may also perform COreduction at the cathode side. The Cu-based electrocatalytic system may provide a flexible catalyst for electrooxidation of water and for chemical energy conversion, without requiring Pt, Ir, or Ru. 1: An oxygen evolution reaction catalyst , comprising:a substrate; anda porous nanoparticle film, comprising copper oxide and carbon, disposed on the substrate,wherein the porous nanoparticle film comprises, based upon energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, 10 to 20 atom. % of carbon, 35 to 60 atom. % of copper, and 25 to 50 atom. % of oxygen.2: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the porous nanoparticle film comprises a CuO phase.3: The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the CuO phase is crystalline.4: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the porous nanoparticle film comprises a CuO phase.5: The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the CuO phase is crystalline.6: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the porous nanoparticle film comprises a CuO phase.7: The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein the CuO phase is amorphous.8: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the porous nanoparticle film comprises a CuO phase claim 1 , a CuO phase claim 1 , and a CuO phase.9: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein an atomic ratio of the copper to the oxygen in the porous nanoparticle film is in a range of from 1.175 to 1.6:1 claim 1 , measured by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.10: The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein an atomic ratio of the copper to carbon in the ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS RELATING TO PHOTOCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions. 16-. (canceled)7. A device for photochemical water splitting comprising:a plurality of nanowires formed from a doped compound semiconductor that generate electron-hole pairs under illumination with optical energy within a predetermined wavelength range, wherein the Fermi level of non-polar surfaces of the nanowires has been set to a predetermined value though doping with a predetermined dopant to yield a predetermined surface band bending.8. The device according to claim 7 , whereinthe predetermined surface band bending removes an energy barrier at the non-polar surfaces of the plurality of nanowires allowing oxidation and reduction reactions to occur concurrently on the plurality of nanowires.9. The device according to claim 7 , whereinthe compound semiconductor is an indium gallium nitride alloy, the predetermined dopant is magnesium, and the predetermined surface band bending is flat or slightly downward.10. The device according to claim 7 , whereinthe ...

TURBINE CONNECTED HYBRID SOLAR-SYNGAS POWER SYSTEM

A zero-emission, closed-loop and hybrid solar-produced syngas power cycle is introduced utilizing an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The fuel is syngas produced within the cycle. The separated oxygen inside the OTR through the ion transport membrane (ITM) is used in the syngas-oxygen combustion process in the permeate side of the OTR. The combustion products in the permeate side of the OTR are COand HO. The combustion gases are used in a turbine for power production and energy utilization then a condenser is used to separate HO from CO. COis compressed to the feed side of the OTR. HO is evaporated after separation from COand fed to the feed side of the OTR. 113-. (canceled)14. A zero-emission closed-loop hybrid solar-syngas power cycle system , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a solar reformer that converts methane to a syngas comprising CO and H;'}a first oxygen transport reactor comprising a first ion transport membrane separating a first feed side and a first permeate side, the first feed side having a first feed inlet and a first feed outlet and the first permeate side having a first permeate inlet and a first permeate outlet,{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein HO fed to the first feed inlet is converted into Hgas on the first feed side passes and oxygen that passes across the first ion transport membrane to the first permeate side; and a first gas mixture comprising Hand HO is passed from the first feed outlet of the first oxygen transport reactor;'}a second oxygen transport reactor comprising a second ion transport membrane separating a second feed side and a second permeate side, the second feed side having a second feed inlet and a second feed outlet and the second permeate side having a second permeate inlet and a second permeate outlet,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein COgas fed to the second feed inlet is converted into CO gas on the second feed side and oxygen that passes across the second ion transport membrane to the second permeate side; and a second gas mixture ...

Desalination and/or Gas Production System and Method

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water. 1. A method for producing gas from water comprising:filling a water tank with water sufficient to cover any inlet and any discharge of a water dissociation system present in said water tank;rotating a disk-pack turbine in a disk-pack module of the water dissociation system;spinning a water to create a vortex where the water that enters the vortex is located inside the water tank;discharging the water from the vortex module into an expansion chamber formed in the disk-pack turbine of the disk-pack module;channeling the water between spaces that exist between disks of the disk-pack turbine to travel from the expansion chamber to and along at least one discharge channel surrounding the disk-pack turbine;discharging the water and gas through at least one discharge port; andcollecting gas with a hood that is out gassed from the water as the water is discharged from the water treatment system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the system substantially performs all of the steps when the disk-pack turbine is rotating.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a speed of rotation of the disk-pack turbine during operation.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:routing the gas from the hood to a separation system; andseparating the gas into at least two separate gas flows with the separation system.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising pumping the water from the water tank with a centrifugal pump before returning the water to the water tank for processing the water for another time.6. The method according to claim 1 , ...

WATER ELECTROLYSIS APPARATUS

A differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a seal member, which is sandwiched between a cathode side separator and a membrane electrode assembly, and surrounds a cathode electrode catalyst layer, and a pressure resistant member surrounding the seal member from an outer side thereof. A surface pressure applying member is interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member. The surface pressure applying member receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly. 1. A water electrolysis apparatus , comprising:an anode side separator;a cathode side separator;a membrane electrode assembly constituted by providing an anode electrode catalyst layer and a cathode electrode catalyst layer on an electrolyte membrane, and which is positioned between the anode side separator and the cathode side separator;a seal member sandwiched between the cathode side separator and the membrane electrode assembly, and surrounding the cathode electrode catalyst layer;a pressure resistant member having a hardness higher than that of the seal member, and which surrounds the seal member from an outer side thereof; anda surface pressure applying member interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member, and which receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly.2. The water electrolysis apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the surface pressure applying member includes a first abutting surface that abuts against the membrane electrode assembly claim 1 , a second abutting surface that abuts against the pressure resistant member claim 1 , and a third abutting surface that abuts against the seal member claim 1 , the third abutting surface being inclined in a manner so that an intersecting angle between the third abutting surface and the first abutting surface is an acute angle.3. The water electrolysis apparatus ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN FROM WATER

Apparatus and methods are provided for generating hydrogen gas from water and, in particular, apparatus and methods for dissociating hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water molecules using a rotating magnetic field. 1. A method for generating hydrogen , comprising;filling water into a container, the water comprising an electrolyte; andgenerating a rotating magnetic field with flux lines rotating through at least a portion of the container to cause dissociation of water within the portion of the container into hydrogen and oxygen gases due to the rotating magnetic field rotating through the water within the container.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a salt.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating a rotating magnetic field comprises:placing at least a first magnet and second magnet in proximity to a portion of the container to generate magnetic flux lines that pass through said portion of the container from the first magnet to the second magnet; androtating the first and second magnets around the container so that the magnetic flux lines that penetrate said portion of the container rotate about an axis of rotation passing through the water within the container.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first and second magnets are rotated around the container in a range of about 100 RPM (rotations per minute) to about 50 claim 3 ,000 RPM.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first and second magnets are a type of permanent magnet or an electro-magnet.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein rotating the first and second magnets around the container comprises:attaching the first and second magnetics to an inner surface of a housing;placing the container within the housing with the first and second magnetics in proximity to sides of container; androtating the housing about the axis of rotation.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein rotating the first and second magnets around the container comprises rotating a shaft fixedly connected to the housing ...

RADIOLYTIC ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR

A radiolytic electrochemical system that comprises a cathode, an anode that comprises a semiconductor, an aqueous electrolyte solution disposed between the cathode and anode, and ionizing radiation, wherein the ionizing radiation splits water molecules via radiolysis and forms solvated free radicals that migrate to the anode or cathode, depending upon a radical's charge, and participate in redox reactions at the anode and cathode thereby producing electrical current capable of performing work when the anode and cathode are electrically connected. 2. The radiolytic electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the ionizing radiation also forms electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor component that separate with holes migrating to claim 1 , and participating in claim 1 , the redox reactions at the anode claim 1 , and electrons migrating to claim 1 , and participating in claim 1 , the redox reactions at the cathode thereby contributing to the electrical current.3. The radiolytic electrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '3, 'the semiconductor component comprises large band gap semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of TiO, Si, SiC, GaN, GaAs, ZnO, WO, SnO, SrTiO, FeO, CdS, ZnS, CdSe, GaP, MoS, ZnS, ZrO, and CeO, and combinations thereof, and has a thickness that is in a range of 10 nm to 500 μm;'}the cathode comprises a cathode metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Pd, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Ag, Ti, Ru, Cu, Mo, and Ir, alloys thereof, and combinations of the foregoing metallic elements and/or alloys and the cathode has a nanoscale morphology that creates localized surface plasmons when the cathode is subjected to the ionizing radiation, wherein some of the plasmons assist in the release of the negatively charged solvated free radical ions from their surrounding water molecules for participation in the redox reactions at the cathode thereby contributing to the electrical current.4. The ...

Separating Hydrogen From Disassociated Water

In some implementations, a system for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water includes a target, an oxygen selective membrane, a cooling chamber, and a hydrogen selective membrane. The target heats to at least a temperature that thermally decomposes water, receives water vapor, heats the received water vapor to the temperature that thermally decomposes water to form a heated vapor, and passes the heated vapor to an oxygen selective membrane. The oxygen selective membrane separates, at or near the temperature that thermally decomposes water, oxygen from the heated vapor to form a hydrogen-rich vapor. The cooling chamber cools the hydrogen-rich vapor to at least a specified temperature. The hydrogen selective membrane separates hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich vapor to leave substantially water vapor. 1. A system for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water , comprising:a target that heats to at least a temperature that thermally decomposes water, receives water vapor, heats the received water vapor to the temperature that thermally decomposes water to form a heated vapor, and passes the heated vapor to an oxygen selective membrane;an oxygen selective membrane that, at or near the temperature that thermally decomposes water, separates oxygen from the heated vapor to form a hydrogen-rich vapor;a cooling chamber that cools the hydrogen-rich vapor to at least a specified temperature; anda hydrogen selective membrane that separates hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich vapor to leave substantially water vapor.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising inline fans claim 1 , blowers or compressors to re-circulate un-reacted water vapor claim 1 , un-separated hydrogen claim 1 , and un-separated oxygen back through or past the target.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target comprises stabilized zirconia.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the stabilized zirconia is darkened by combining a dark transition metal oxide powder prior to molding and sintering.5. The system of claim 1 ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING HYBRID PHOTONIC-ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

Disclosed is a water-splitting photocatalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a photoactive semi-conductive layer, an up-converting material capable of converting infrared (IR) light to visible light and/or ultraviolet (UV) light, and a metal or metal alloy material having surface plasmon resonance properties in response to IR light and/or visible light, wherein the photoactive semi-conductive layer encompasses at least a portion of the up-converting material and the metal or metal alloy material. 1. A water-splitting photocatalyst comprising:a photoactive semi-conductive layer;an up-converting material capable of converting infrared (IR) light to visible light and/or ultraviolet (UV) light; anda metal or metal alloy material having surface plasmon resonance properties in response to IR light and/or visible light,wherein the photoactive semi-conductive layer encompasses at least a portion of the up-converting material and the metal or metal alloy material.2. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive semi-conductive layer forms a shell or a layered shell claim 1 , and wherein the metal or metal alloy material is comprised in a core of the shell claim 1 , or at least one layer of the shell.3. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 2 , wherein the up-converting material is comprised in the core of the shell.4. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 2 , wherein the up-converting material is comprised in the photoactive semi-conductive layer or layers.5. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 3 , wherein the metal or metal alloy material and the up-converting material are each micro- or nano-structures.6. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 2 , wherein the core is coated with the up-converting material.7. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 6 , wherein the photocatalyst is a particle and has a mean particle size of 300 nanometers or less.8. The water-splitting photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ...

MICROENVIRONMENT HYDROGEN-SUPPLYING BREATHABLE LAYER AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

A hydrogen-supplying breathable layer in the present disclosure comprises: a thin layer wrapping a hydrogen-producing formula inside, having an airtight outer side as well as an air-permeable inner side on which a plurality of micro pores are opened and featuring a monolayer or a composite layer; a hydrogen-producing formula wrapped inside the thin layer and not dissipated but absorbing moistures in air or liquid water for generation of hydrogen; hydrogen permeating a plurality of micro pores and released to skin and intra-corporal parts. The hydrogen-producing formula in the hydrogen-supplying breathable layer comprises metal peroxides (metal hydroxides or metal hydrides) and aluminum powders (or silica powders); the breathable layer is applicable to a dressing pack or other sanitary paraphernalia in daily lives for relieving non-bacteria inflammations and promoting health care effects. 1. A hydrogen-supplying breathable layer , comprising:a thin layer wrapping a hydrogen-producing formula inside, having an airtight outer side as well as an air-permeable inner side on which a plurality of micro pores are opened and featuring a monolayer or a composite layer;a hydrogen-producing formula wrapped inside the thin layer and not dissipated but absorbing moistures in air or liquid water for generation of hydrogen; andhydrogen permeating a plurality of micro pores and released to skin and intra-corporal parts.2. The breathable layer as claimed in wherein the inner side of the thin layer can be made of silica gel claim 1 , nonwovens or plastic breathable film.3. The breathable layer as claimed in wherein the outer side of the thin layer can be made of polypropylene or polyethylene membrane claim 1 , aluminum coating or composite membrane.4. The breathable layer as claimed in wherein the hydrogen-producing formula can be powdered or granulated.5. The breathable layer as claimed in wherein the hydrogen-producing formula comprises metal peroxides (metal hydroxides or metal ...

IRON AND MANGANESE COMPLEXES COMPRISING HEXADENTATE MONOCARBOXYLATO-CONTAINING LIGANDS AND THEIR USE FOR THE CATALYSIS OF OXIDATION REACTIONS

The present invention relates to iron and manganese complexes based on hexadentate ligand systems containing one carboxylato donor and five nitrogen donor atoms and to their use in methods for the catalysis of the oxidation of organic substrates. The manganese complexes of the invention also may be used as (pro)-catalysts in methods for the catalysis of water. 1. An iron or manganese complex having general formula (I) , (II) or (III):{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', 'q', '2', '2', 'q, 'sup': z', 'z, '[(LH)Fe(O)]Yor [(L)Fe(O)]Y\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'z', 'sub': 'q', '[LM]Y\u2003\u2003(II)'}{'br': None, 'sup': 'z', 'sub': 'q', '[LM(X)]Y\u2003\u2003(III)'}wherein:M represents a metal ion selected from Fe or Mn in the II, III, IV or V oxidation state; {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '1', '1', '−, 'RRN-A-N(R)WC(O)O\u2003\u2003(IV)'}, 'L represents a monoanionic potentially hexadentate ligand containing one carboxylate group and five nitrogen donor atoms, wherein the ligand coordinates to the Fe or Mn metal ion in the complex via said carboxylate group and at least four of said nitrogen donor atoms and has general formula (IV)wherein:{'sup': 1', '2', '2, 'each Rindependently represents —R—B, in which Rrepresents an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, oxyalkylene, aminoalkylene and alkylene ether, and B represents an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl and thiazolyl;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '10', '6', '4, 'A represents an optionally substituted alkylene or arylene bridging group selected from the group consisting of —CHCH—, —CHCHCH—, —CH—, and —CH; and'}W represents a group selected from the group consisting of alkylene, arylene and arylalkylene;{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '4, 'sup': −', '−', '−', '−', '−', '−', '−', '2−', '−', '−', '−, 'X represents a coordinating species selected from the ...

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water over catalysts having p-n junctions and plasmonic materials

A photocatalyst and a method for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water by photocatalytic electrolysis are disclosed. The photocatalyst includes a photoactive material and metal or metal alloy material ( 15 )—e.g. pure particles or alloys of Au, Pd and Ag—capable of having plasmon resonance properties deposited on the surface of the photoactive material. The photoactive material includes a p-n junction ( 17 ) formed by contact of a n-type semiconductor material ( 10 ), such as mixed phase TiO2 nano particles (anatase to rutile ratio of 1.5 to 1 or greater), and a p-type semiconductor material ( 16 ), such as CoO or Cu2O.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC RESONANCE APPARATUS FOR MOLECULAR, ATOMIC, AND CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WATER

An electromagnetic resonance apparatus for molecular, atomic, and chemical modification of water is provided. The apparatus includes a water container, a resonance induction cell tower, an electronic control unit, a 12-volt power source, a DC to AC power inverter, and a pressure vessel for storing produced hydrogen gas. An electronic control unit is used to provide vibrational energy to the cell tower to facilitate water decomposition. 1. A system for producing hydrogen , comprising:a fluid receptacle;a water source associated with the fluid receptacle;a hydrogen storage tank associated with the fluid receptacle; a first closing plate;', 'a second closing plate;', 'a plurality of fasteners interconnecting the first closing plate to the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of negative resonance plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of negative polarization plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of positive resonance plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of positive polarization plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of neutral resonance plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of neutral polarization plates positioned between the first closing plate and the second closing plate;', 'a plurality of positive polarization induction wires interconnected to the plurality of positive polarization plates;', 'a plurality of negative polarization induction wires interconnected to the plurality of negative polarization plates;', 'a plurality of positive resonance induction wires interconnected to the plurality of positive polarization plates;', 'a plurality of negative resonance induction wires interconnected to the plurality of negative polarization plates;', 'a plurality of neutral wires ...

Methods and systems for hydrogen dissociation

A system for dissociating hydrogen from water is disclosed. The system comprises a container having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode disposed therein; a DC voltage source producing a DC voltage; a controller having an input coupled to the DC voltage source, and an output coupled across the anode and cathode electrodes; and an electron extraction circuit arranged to capture the free electrons released from the water molecules. The controller is configured to produce from the DC voltage a pulse voltage having a stepped up voltage and a pulse frequency. The amplitude and frequency of the pulse voltage are sufficient to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen from water molecules of the water in the container and produce free electrons, and the pulse frequency is configured to maximize a rate of hydrogen and oxygen dissociated from the water molecules.

NANOSTRUCTURED APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING CARBON-CONTAINING MOLECULES AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE

Nanostructured arrays having a metal catalyst (e.g., cobalt) are irradiated with light to initiate the an artificial photosynthetic reaction resulting in the formation of carbon-containing molecules, for example, long chained hydrocarbons or amino acids. A nanostructure having one or more structural elements having a high aspect ratio can formed over a substrate and are placed in contact with water and a carbon-containing source (e.g., carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, methane). When the nanostructure is exposed to light, the water and the carbon-containing source can react to form a molecule having at least two carbon atoms chained together. Structural elements may include a number of metal layers arranged in a patterned configuration so that, upon light irradiation, a greater amount of light energy is concentrated in close proximity to the region where the reaction is catalyzed than for the case without the patterned configuration. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of forming a carbon-containing molecule , the method comprising:contacting a nanostructure with a hydrogen-containing source and a carbon-containing source molecule; andexposing the nanostructure to light to initiate a reaction between the hydrogen-containing source and the carbon-containing source molecule to form a product molecule having at least two carbon atoms chained together, wherein the carbon-containing source molecule has fewer carbon atoms than the product molecule.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the hydrogen-containing source and the carbon-containing source molecule are disposed within a chamber claim 21 , the hydrogen-containing source having a depth of less than about 2 mm within the chamber and the carbon-containing source molecule being a gas having a pressure of between about 1 atm and about 5 atm within the chamber.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein exposing the nanostructure to light includes irradiating the nanostructure with solar light.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein exposing ...

COPPER NANOPARTICLE-TITANIA COMPOSITE NANOARCHITECTURES

A composition having: titania aerogel having titania nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles. Each of the copper nanoparticles is in contact with more than one of the titania nanoparticles. A method of: providing a titania aerogel, and forming or depositing copper nanoparticles onto the surface of the titania aerogel. 1. A composition comprising:titania aerogel comprising titania nanoparticles; and 'wherein each of the copper nanoparticles is in contact with more than one of the titania nanoparticles.', 'copper nanoparticles;'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the copper nanoparticles comprise less than 15 wt % copper oxide.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the copper nanoparticles are free of stabilizing ligands.4. The composition of claim 1 , where in the composition is made by a method comprising:providing the titania aerogel;forming or depositing the copper nanoparticles onto the surface of the titania aerogel.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the copper nanoparticles are formed by photodeposition.6. A method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'providing the composition of ;'}performing a surface plasmon resonance-driven reaction on the composition.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reaction is oxidation of an alcohol.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reaction is oxidation of methanol.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reaction is oxidation of water.10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reaction is oxidation of ethylene or propene.11. A method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'providing the composition of ;'}performing a catalyzed reaction on the composition.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reaction is oxidation of ethylene or propene.13. A method comprising:providing a titania aerogel; andforming or depositing copper nanoparticles onto the surface of the titania aerogel.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the copper nanoparticles are formed by photodeposition. This ...

Carbon doped tin disulphide and methods for synthesizing the same

Disclosed herein are carbon doped tin disulphide (C—SnS 2 ) and other SnS 2 composites as visible light photocatalyst for CO 2 reduction to solar fuels. The in situ carbon doped SnS 2 photocatalyst provide higher efficiency than the undoped pure SnS 2 . Also disclosed herein are methods for preparing the catalysts.

HIGH ENERGY METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARBON FREE DISSOCIATION OF WATER FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND HYDROGEN RELATED POWER

Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output. 1. A device for producing hydrogen comprising:(a) a containment wall defining a hollow interior having a proximate and a distal end, wherein the mouth of the containment wall at the proximal end is covered with a cap and the mouth of the containment wall at the distal end is open;(b) at least one high energy supply source operably connected to the containment wall and capable of generating a high energy field within the hollow interior;(c) means to supply water vapor to the hollow interior within the high energy field, wherein the high energy field generated from the high energy supply source passes through the hollow interior together with the dissociated oxygen and hydrogen gas generated in the hollow interior, and is released through the mouth at the distal end of the hollow interior or is absorbed before reaching the mouth of the distal end.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a cooling jacket surrounding the containment wall.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the means for providing water vapor to the hollow interior comprises a water vaporizer.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the high energy supply source is selected from the group consisting of a laser claim 1 , a high frequency radio wave transmitter claim 1 , a microwave generator claim 1 , and a high energy electromagnet.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the containment wall is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of insulated copper claim 4 , insulated brass claim 4 , insulated aluminum claim 4 , a ceramic material claim 4 , and a ceramic matrix composite comprised ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USING PHOTOCATALYSTS COMPRISING METAL OXIDES AND GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES

Disclosed is a photocatalyst, and methods for its use, that includes graphene nanostructures attached to the surface of a photoactive metal oxide semiconductor selected from SrTiOor CeO, wherein the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor is a microstructure or larger. 1. A photocatalyst comprising a conductive material having graphene nanostructures attached to the surface of a photoactive metal oxide semiconductor selected from SrTiOor CeO , wherein the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor is a microstructure or larger.2. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the graphene is graphene oxide.3. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is reduced graphene oxide.4. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor is SrTiO.5. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor is CeO.6. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor is a particle.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , comprising less than 5 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , or 1 wt. % of the conductive material.8. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are nanowires claim 1 , nanoparticles claim 1 , nanoclusters claim 1 , or nanocrystals claim 1 , or combinations thereof.9. The photocatalyst of claim 8 , wherein the nanoparticle is spherical or substantially spherical in shape.10. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material does not cover more than 50 claim 1 , 40 claim 1 , 30 claim 1 , 20 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , or 5% of the surface area of the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor.11. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the graphene is attached to the surface of the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor via precipitation of the photoactive metal oxide semiconductor from an aqueous solution comprising the graphene.12. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is capable of catalyzing the photocatalytic electrolysis of water.13. A ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING AN ENERGY GRID WITH ENERGY FROM AN INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

A system and method for supplying an energy grid with energy from an intermittent renewable energy source having a production unit for producing Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen. The production unit is operated by using energy provided by the renewable energy source. An Oxygen storage receives and stores Oxygen produced by the production unit, a mixing unit receives and mixes the Hydrogen and the Nitrogen produced by the production unit to form a Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture, an Ammonia source receives and processes the Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture for generating a gas mixture containing Ammonia, an Ammonia power generator generates energy for the energy grid. The Ammonia power generator is fluidly connected to the Ammonia storage vessel, is configured to combust the received Ammonia in a combustion chamber to generate the energy, and is fluidly connected to the Oxygen storage to introduce Oxygen into the combustion chamber for combustion of Ammonia. 121.-. (canceled)22. A system for providing power for an energy grid based on renewable energy provided by a renewable energy source , comprising:an H2-N2-O2-production unit for producing Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, wherein the H2-N2-O2-production unit is operated by using the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy source,an Oxygen storage configured to receive and store the Oxygen produced by the H2-N2-O2-production unit,a mixing unit configured to receive and mix the Hydrogen and the Nitrogen produced by the H2-N2-O2-production unit to form a Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture,an NH3 source for receiving and processing the Hydrogen-Nitrogen-mixture for generating a gas mixture containing NH3, wherein the NH3 source comprises a NH3 storage vessel for storing at least a part of the NH3 of the gas mixture containing NH3,an NH3 power generator for generating the power for the energy grid, wherein the NH3 power generator is fluidly connected to the NH3 storage vessel to receive the NH3 from the NH3 storage vessel, is ...

Separating Hydrogen From Disassociated Water

In some implementations, a system for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water includes a target, an oxygen selective membrane, a cooling chamber, and a hydrogen selective membrane. The target heats to at least a temperature that thermally decomposes water, receives water vapor, heats the received water vapor to the temperature that thermally decomposes water to form a heated vapor, and passes the heated vapor to an oxygen selective membrane. The oxygen selective membrane separates, at or near the temperature that thermally decomposes water, oxygen from the heated vapor to form a hydrogen-rich vapor. The cooling chamber cools the hydrogen-rich vapor to at least a specified temperature. The hydrogen selective membrane separates hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich vapor to leave substantially water vapor. 1. A system for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water , comprising:a target that heats to at least a temperature that thermally decomposes water, receives water vapor, heats the received water vapor to the temperature that thermally decomposes water to form a heated vapor, and passes the heated vapor to an oxygen selective membrane;an oxygen selective membrane that, at or near the temperature that thermally decomposes water, separates oxygen from the heated vapor to form a hydrogen-rich vapor;a cooling chamber that cools the hydrogen-rich vapor to at least a specified temperature; anda hydrogen selective membrane that separates hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich vapor to leave substantially water vapor.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising inline fans claim 1 , blowers or compressors to re-circulate un-reacted water vapor claim 1 , un-separated hydrogen claim 1 , and un-separated oxygen back through or past the target.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target comprises stabilized zirconia.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the stabilized zirconia is darkened by combining a dark transition metal oxide powder prior to molding and sintering.5. The system of claim 1 ...

Photocatalytic water splitting with cobalt oxide-titanium dioxide-palladium nano-composite catalysts

Photocatalysts and methods of using the same for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include photoactive titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of a hole-scavenging material comprising cobalt oxide and 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of palladium (Pd) and/or a Pd—Co alloy.

METAL DEPOSITION USING POTASSIUM IODIDE FOR PHOTOCATALYSTS PREPARATION

Photocatalysts and methods of using photocatalysts for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include an iodide modified photoactive material having an electrically conductive material attached to the iodide ions. 1. A photocatalyst comprising:a) a photoactive material comprising titanium dioxide and iodide ions attached to the surface of the titanium dioxide; andb) an electrically conductive material attached to the iodide ions,wherein the electrically conductive material includes a metal cation.2. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal is gold.3. The photocatalyst of claim 2 , wherein the gold is gold cations and ionic bonds are formed between the iodide ions and gold cations.4. The photocatalyst of claim 3 , comprising less than 1 wt. % of gold.5. The photocatalyst of claim 4 , wherein the gold is in the form of particles having an average particle size of ≦1 nm to 10 nm.6. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titanium dioxide comprises anatase claim 1 , rutile claim 1 , brookite or a mixture thereof.7. The photocatalyst of claim 6 , wherein the titanium dioxide comprises single phase anatase.8. The photocatalyst of claim 6 , wherein the titanium dioxide comprises anatase and rutile claim 6 , and the ratio of anatase to rutile ranges from 4:1 to 5:1.9. (canceled)10. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal is platinum.11. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal is gold claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , silver claim 1 , copper claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , or combinations thereof.12. The photocatalyst of claim 11 , wherein the metal is gold claim 11 , palladium claim 11 , or a combination thereof.13. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material has an average particle size of 1 nm to 10 nm.1417-. (canceled)18. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is uncalcined. ...

Desalination and/or Gas Production System and Method

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water. 1. A method for producing gas from water comprising:filling a water tank with water sufficient to cover any inlet and any discharge of a water dissociation system present in said water tank;rotating a disk-pack turbine in a disk-pack module of the water dissociation system;spinning a water to create a vortex where the water that enters the vortex is located inside the water tank;discharging the water from the vortex module into an expansion chamber formed in the disk-pack turbine of the disk-pack module;channeling the water between spaces that exist between disks of the disk-pack turbine to travel from the expansion chamber to and along at least one discharge channel surrounding the disk-pack turbine;discharging the water and gas through at least one discharge port; andcollecting gas with a hood that is out gassed from the water as the water is discharged from the water treatment system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the system substantially performs all of the steps when the disk-pack turbine is rotating.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a speed of rotation of the disk-pack turbine during operation.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:routing the gas from the hood to a separation system; andseparating the gas into at least two separate gas flows with the separation system.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising pumping the water from the water tank with a centrifugal pump before returning the water to the water tank for processing the water for another time.6. The method according to claim 1 , ...

OXYGEN-GENERATING ANODE

An anode for oxygen evolution that operates at a small overpotential and in a stable manner, and can be used favorably in an organic chemical hydride electrolytic synthesis apparatus. 1. An anode for oxygen evolution that evolves oxygen in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing a substance to be hydrogenated dissolved at a concentration higher than 1 mg/L , whereinan anode substrate is composed of a valve metal, and an anode catalyst layer comprising at least one oxide, nitride or carbide of iridium, and at least one oxide, nitride or carbide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to groups 4, 5 and 13 of the periodic table is formed on a surface of the anode substrate.2. The anode for oxygen evolution according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to groups 4 claim 1 , 5 and 13 of the periodic table is tantalum.3. The anode for oxygen evolution according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to groups 4 claim 2 , 5 and 13 of the periodic table also contains zirconium.4. The anode for oxygen evolution according to claim 1 , wherein an iridium content in the anode catalyst is from 33 to 90% by mass relative to a total mass of all oxides claim 1 , nitrides and carbides of iridium claim 1 , and all oxides claim 1 , nitrides and carbides of the at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to groups 4 claim 1 , 5 and 13 of the periodic table.5. The anode for oxygen evolution according to claim 1 , wherein an intermediate layer composed of titanium and tantalum is formed between a surface of the anode substrate and the anode catalyst layer.6. The anode for oxygen evolution according to claim 1 , wherein the substance to be hydrogenated is toluene and a main product is methylcyclohexane. The present invention relates to an anode for oxygen evolution (hereafter also referred ...

Integration Of Thermochemical Water Splitting With CO2 Direct Air Capture

The present disclosure is directed to the integration of direct air capture of carbon dioxide with thermochemical water splitting, the latter optionally driven by solar energy. The disclosure is also directed to a process comprising extracting carbon dioxide from an air stream by contacting the air-stream with an alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide of empirical formula AMO(0.1 Подробнее

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBET IN THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

The invention relates to a method for the production of a TiOmaterial comprising: 1. A method for the production of a TiOmaterial comprising:preliminary mixing a titanium alkoxide with an acid;{'sub': '2', 'adding water, a phase separator and of an N source to the mixture of titanium alkoxide and acid, thereby obtaining a TiOgel;'}{'sub': '2', 'washing the TiOgel with isopropanol (iPrOH);'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'drying and calcining the TiOgel to produce the TiOmaterial exhibiting mesoporosity and/or macroporosity and comprising at least 60 wt. %, preferably at least 70 wt. %, TiOin the form of anatase and elemental carbon and/or elemental nitrogen in trace amount, the percentages being calculated with respect to the total weight of the material.'}2. The method claim 1 , of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alkoxide is Ti(OiPr).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alkoxide:acid molar ratio is between 1:1 and 1:0.5.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is HCl.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alkoxide:units of EO monomer in the phase separator molar ratio is between 1:0.6 and 1:0.2.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase separator is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) claim 1 , preferably at a number average molar mass (Mn) of greater than or equal to 10 000.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alkoxide:N source molar ratio is between 1:1 and 1:0.75.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the N source is N-methylformamide (NFA).9. A TiOmaterial exhibiting mesoporosity and/or macroporosity and comprising at least 60 wt. % claim 1 , preferably at least 70 wt. % claim 1 , TiOin the anatase form and elemental carbon and/or elemental nitrogen in trace amount claim 1 , the percentages being calculated with respect to the total weight of the material claim 1 ,and exhibiting an absorbance in the visible spectrum; andthe light absorbance at 500 nm of which is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 60%, of the light absorption at 400 nm.10. The ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN FROM WATER USING AN IRIDIUM ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYST DEPOSITED ON A TITANIUM DIOXIDE CATALYST

Disclosed is a method for producing oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) from water, the method comprising (a) obtaining a composition comprising (i) a hybrid catalyst comprising an organo-iridium catalyst deposited on the surface of a titanium dioxide catalyst, and (ii) an aqueous solution having a buffer or having a base wherein the base is present in the aqueous solution in an amount at least 4 times equivalent with respect to the organo-iridium catalyst present on the hybrid catalyst, and (b) exposing the composition to light to produce Oand Hfrom water molecules in the aqueous solution. 1. A method for producing oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) from water , the method comprising: (i) a hybrid catalyst comprising an organo-iridium catalyst deposited on the surface of a titanium dioxide catalyst; and', '(ii) an aqueous solution having a buffer or having a base wherein the base is present in the aqueous solution in an amount at least 4 times equivalent with respect to the organo-iridium catalyst present on the hybrid catalyst; and, '(a) obtaining a composition comprising{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) exposing the composition to light to produce Oand Hfrom water molecules in the aqueous solution.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution has a base present in the aqueous solution in an amount at 8 times to 20 times equivalent with respect to the organo-iridium catalyst present on the hybrid catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is 7 to 8.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution does not include a sacrificial oxidant.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution further comprises a sacrificial oxidant.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sacrificial oxidant is cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) claim 5 , sodium periodate (NaIO) claim 5 , or sodium persulfate/ruthenium(II)-tris-2 claim 5 ,2′-bipyridine (NaSO/[Ru(bipy)]).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid catalyst is heterogeneously dispersed in the aqueous ...

ELECTROLYTIC ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR HEAVY WATER

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated. 1. An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water , the method comprising:enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell consisting of an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm that divides between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber,wherein an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water consisting of heavy water containing tritium is circularly supplied to both electrolysis chambers including the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank containing the electrolyte;an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; andcontinuing electrolysis while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to the both electrolysis ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOTOCATALYST ELECTRODE FOR WATER DECOMPOSITION

Provided is a method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition that exhibits excellent detachability between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer and exhibits high photocurrent density. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition of the invention includes: a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method; a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment; a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; and a detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer. 1. A method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition , the method comprising:a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method;a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment;a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; anda detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer.2. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst layer forming step is a step of performing the oxidation treatment claim 1 , and then performing at least one ...

Apparatus for Supplying Electrical Power

Apparatus () for supplying power to a hydrogen generator () to generate hydrogen for supply to an engine () is described. The apparatus () includes a power supply circuit and a processor (). The processor () receives an input signal (), the input signal () representing a magnitude of an operating parameter of the engine (). The processor () controls the power supply circuit to change an output current of the power supply circuit for the hydrogen generator () in response to changes in the input signal (). 129-. (canceled)30. Apparatus for supplying power to a hydrogen generator to generate hydrogen for supply to an engine , the apparatus comprising a power supply circuit and a processor , the processor receiving an input signal , the input signal representing a magnitude of an operating parameter of the engine; and the processor controlling the power supply circuit to change an output current of the power supply circuit for the hydrogen generator in response to changes in the input signal.31. Apparatus according to claim 30 , wherein the input signal comprises a representation of magnitude of at least one of:i. air flow into the engine;ii. induction pressure;iii. engine vibration;iv. injector pulse;v. absolute manifold pressure; andvi. engine load data.32. Apparatus according to claim 31 , wherein the input signal represents the magnitude of mass air flow into the engine.33. Apparatus according to claim 30 , wherein the power supply circuit has a maximum output current that is less than or equal to 10 A.34. Apparatus according to claim 33 , wherein the maximum output current is less than or equal to 7 A.35. Apparatus according to claim 30 , wherein the power supply circuit comprises a relay device and the processor controls switching of the power supply circuit by controlling the relay device.36. Apparatus according to claim 30 , wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply unit and the processor controls the power supply circuit to change the output ...

Flexible artificial leaves for hydrogen production and methods for making

Devices for photoelectrodes for water splitting based on indium nanowires on flexible substrates as well as methods of manufacture by transferring nanowire arrays to flexible substrates.

OXYGEN-GENERATING CAPSULE

Provided relates to a capsule for the generation of oxygen, typically a disposable capsule. The generation of oxygen is by a chemical reaction of a reactant with water. The capsule is configured to be coupled with an appliance for the supply of oxygen and its utilization within the appliance. The chemical reaction occurs within the capsule when coupled with the appliance upon introduction of water thereinto through an a priori sealed port. 112.-. (canceled)13. A capsule for an appliance , comprising:a housing defining an enclosure with one or more compartments, at least one of the compartments comprising a dry reactant that upon contact with water participates in an oxygen-generating reaction;the housing having a sealed port that is configured for opening by and for a fluid-tight association with a water-introducing flow system of the appliance;a mark carrying data indicative for operation of the appliance and readable by a reader of the appliance; andwherein the capsule is configured for coupling with the appliance, the appliance being an ozone-generating appliance comprising an ozone generator that can generate ozone from the oxygen, the data of the mark affects the operation of the ozone generator.14. The capsule of claim 13 , wherein the dry reactant is in powder form.15. The capsule of claim 14 , comprising at least two compartments separated by a partition claim 14 , wherein a first compartment comprises said dry reactant and is spaced apart from the sealed port by at least one second compartment.16. The capsule of claim 15 , wherein the partition is a membrane that is ruptured upon contact with water or by a pressure induced by a rupturing element.17. The capsule of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the compartments comprises a catalyst for the oxygen-generating reaction.18. The capsule of claim 13 , further comprising a safety valve for releasing excess gas pressure.19. The capsule of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the compartments is under vacuum.20. ...

Semiconductor/m1/cd xm1-xs based photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation

Embodiments of the invention are directed to Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation from water. The Z-scheme photocatalyst can include a hybrid metal that includes a semiconductor material/M1/Cd x M 1−x S material. M1 can be transition metal and M can Zn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ag, Pb and Ni.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

通过具有p-n结和等离子体材料的催化剂由水的光催化氢制备

公开了通过光催化电解从水制备氢和氧的光催化剂和方法。所述光催化剂包括光活性材料和沉积在所述光活性材料表面上，能够具有等离子体共振特性的金属或金属合金材料(15)，例如Au、Pd和Ag的纯颗粒或者合金。所述光活性材料包含通过将n‑型半导体材料(10)诸如混合相TiO 2 纳米颗粒(锐钛矿相对于金红石的比例为1.5至1或者更大)和p‑型半导体材料(16)诸如CoO或Cu 2 O接触而形成的p‑n结(17)。

Method for electrolytic concentration of heavy water

NbON膜及NbON膜的制造方法、以及氢生成设备及具备它的能量系统

本发明的NbON膜是利用光照射产生光电流的NbON膜。本发明的NbON膜优选为单相膜。本发明的氢生成设备(600)具备：包含导电体(621)和配置于所述导电体(621)上的所述本发明的NbON膜(622)的光半导体电极(620)；与所述导电体(621)电连接的对电极(630)；与所述NbON膜(622)及所述对电极(630)的表面接触的包含水的电解液(640)；以及收容所述光半导体电极(620)、所述对电极(630)及所述电解液(640)的容器(610)，通过向所述NbON膜(622)照射光而产生氢。

Carbonless dissociation of water and accompanying production of hydrogen and oxygen

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to a device and a method of hydrogen and oxygen production and may be used in chemical industry and power engineering. The device comprises (a) a cathode unit, including a cathode electrode 3 and a nozzle 24 of the electrode, a surrounding cathode electrode 3, besides, the nozzle 24 of the electrode has the first wall 28 and the second wall 29, which form the first duct 13 and the second duct 11; and (b) at least one anode unit, comprising an anode electrode 2 and an electrode nozzle, which surrounds the anode electrode 2 and forms at least one duct. Power is supplied to the cathode electrode 3 in order to develop electric current between the cathode electrode 3 and at least one anode electrode 2 to generate an electric retaining field 5 induced by magnetic field. The flow of inert gas is supplied via the first duct 13 into the electric retaining field 5 in order to create plasma around a tip 14 of the cathode electrode 3. The flow of the vapour steam is sent via the second duct 11 into the electric retaining field 5 and plasma around the tip 14 of the cathode electrode 3 for the purpose to produce elementary hydrogen 19 and oxygen 20. EFFECT: device and method make it possible to reduce costs in production of oxygen and hydrogen and to use produced gases for generation of power, thus preventing consumption of any fossil fuels accompanied with discharge of carbon-bearing substances. 15 cl, 9 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 436 729 (13) C2 (51) МПК C01B 13/02 (2006.01) C01B 3/02 (2006.01) C25B 1/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010104010/05, 07.07.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 07.07.2008 (72) Автор(ы): ЭВАНС Джон У. (US), КОЙЛ Эдвард Л. (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВАКО, ЭлЭлСи. (US) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 06.07.2007 US 60/929,643 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.08.2011 ...

Photocatalyst composition of matter

Basic cobalt phosphate nanoneedle composite LTON photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof

本发明提供了一种碱式磷酸钴纳米针复合LTON光催化剂及其制备方法和应用，该方法首先利用聚合络合法和高温氨气后处理手段合成LaTiO 2 N；然后通过水热法在LaTiO 2 N上原位生长Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 纳米针，即得目标产品。本发明制备的碱式磷酸钴纳米针复合LTON光催化剂具有特殊形貌，并且LaTiO 2 N与Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 纳米针之间构建了特殊的异质结，使得Co 3 (OH) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 纳米针复合的LaTiO 2 N光催化剂相比纯LaTiO 2 N具有更好的可见光催化制氧性能，实现了对纯LaTiO 2 N可见光催化制氧性能的改善。

Carbonless dissociation of water and accompanying production of hydrogen

FIELD: energy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrogen power engineering. Device comprises a hollow cylinder, in which the nearest end hole of the cylinder is closed by cover, and far end hole of the cylinder is open, one powerful energy source, functionally connected with hollow cylinder and capable to generate high-power field with temperature between 20,000 and 40,000 °F inside high-energy field inside the hollow cylinder, means to feed in high-power field inside the hollow cylinder of steam. High-power field, generated by powerful energy source, passes through the hollow cylinder together with gaseous hydrogen generated in the hollow cylinder, and discharged through outlet hole at the far end of the hollow cylinder. EFFECT: higher efficiency and efficiency of production of hydrogen. 5 cl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01B 3/04 (13) 2 600 372 C2 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2011134388/05, 16.08.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 07.07.2008 (72) Автор(ы): ЭВАНС Джон У. (US), КОЙЛ Эдвард Л. (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВАКО, ЭлЭлСи. (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 06.07.2007 US 60/929,643 Номер и дата приоритета первоначальной заявки, из которой данная заявка выделена: 2010104010 06.07.2007 2 6 0 0 3 7 2 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2291228 C2, 10.01.2007. В.И. ИВАНОВСКИЙ, Технический углерод. Процессы и аппараты, Омск, 2004, стр.56-59. RU 2237044 С1, 27.09.2004. ЕА 002240 В1, 28.02.2002. RU 43879 U1, 10.02.2005. RU 2232829 С1, 20.07.2004. RU 2175027 С2, 20.10.2001. RU 2258097 С1, 10.08.2005. US 5082544 A, 21.01.1992. Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, строение 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" (54) БЕЗУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИЯ ВОДЫ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к водородной высокоэнергетическое поле во ...

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water.

Un método de enriquecimiento electrolítico para agua pesada incluye enriquecer agua pesada mediante electrolisis usando una celda de electrolisis de agua alcalina que incluye una cámara anódica que alberga un ánodo, una cámara catódica que alberga un cátodo y un diafragma. En el método, un electrolito preparado por adición de agua alcalina de alta concentración a materia prima de agua que contiene agua pesada se suministra circularmente a la cámara anódica y a la cámara catódica desde un tanque de circulación; un separador gas-líquido del lado anódico y un dispositivo de sellado de agua del lado anódico están conectados a la cámara anódica, y un separador gas-líquido del lado catódico y un dispositivo de sellado de agua del lado catódico están conectados a la cámara catódica; y la electrolisis se continúa mientras que la concentración de álcali en el electrolito suministrado a ambas cámaras de electrolisis se mantiene a una concentración constante mediante el suministro circular, al tanque de circulación, del electrolito desde el que se separa el gas generado desde el separador gas-líquido del lado anódico y el separador gas-líquido del lado catódico.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

중수의 전해농축 방법은 양극을 수용하는 양극 챔버, 음극을 수용하는 음극 챔버, 및 격벽을 포함하는 알칼리수 전해조를 사용하는 전기분해에 의해 중수를 농축하는 단계를 포함한다. 이러한 방법에서, 고 농도의 알칼리수를 중수로 이루어진 원료수에 첨가함으로써 준비된 전해질은 순환 탱크로부터 양극 챔버 및 음극 챔버에 순환 공급되고; 양극측의 기체-액체 분리기 및 양극측의 물-밀봉 디바이스는 양극 챔버에 연결되고, 음극측의 기체-액체 분리기 및 음극측의 물-밀봉 디바이스는 음극 챔버에 연결되고; 양극측 기체-액체 분리기 및 음극측 기체-액체 분리기로부터 생성된 기체가 분리된 전해질을 순환 탱크로 순환 공급함으로써 양 전해 챔버들에 공급된 전해질 내의 알칼리 농도가 일정한 농도로 유지되는 동안 전기분해가 지속된다. The electrolytic concentration method of heavy water includes a step of concentrating heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolyzer including an anode chamber accommodating an anode, a cathode chamber accommodating a cathode, and a partition wall. In this method, the electrolyte prepared by adding high concentration alkaline water to raw water made of heavy water is circulated from the circulation tank to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the gas-liquid separator on the anode side and the water-sealing device on the anode side are connected to the anode chamber, the gas-liquid separator on the cathode side and the water-sealing device on the cathode side are connected to the cathode chamber; Electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circulating and supplying the electrolyte from which the gas produced from the anode side gas-liquid separator and the cathode side gas-liquid separator is separated to the circulation tank. do.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

Electrolysis enrichment method for heavy water

用于重水的电解富集方法，包括：通过利用碱性水电解槽进行电解来富集重水，所述碱性水电解槽包括容纳阳极的阳极室、容纳阴极的阴极室和隔膜。在该方法中，将通过向含重水的原料水添加高浓度碱性水来制备的电解质从循环罐循环供给至阳极室和阴极室；将阳极侧气液分离器和阳极侧水密封装置与阳极室连接，并且将阴极侧气液分离器和阴极侧水密封装置与阴极室连接；和持续电解同时通过将电解质循环供给至循环罐来将供给至两个电解室的电解质中的碱浓度维持在恒定的浓度，并且从阳极侧气液分离器和阴极侧气液分离器分离了从所述电解质产生的气体。

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water.

MÉTODO DE ENRIQUECIMIENTO ELECTROLITICO PARA AGUA PESADA, QUE COMPRENDE: ENRIQUECER AGUA PESADA MEDIANTE ELECTROLISIS USANDO UNA CELDA DE ELECTROLISIS DE AGUA ALCALINA QUE CONSISTE EN UNA CÁMARA ANODICA QUE ALBERGA UN ANODO, UNA CÁMARA CATÓDICA QUE ALBERGA UN CÁTODO Y UN DIAFRAGMA QUE DIVIDE ENTRE LA CÁMARA ANÓDICA Y LA CÁMARA CATÓDICA, EN EL QUE UN ELECTROLITO PREPARADO POR ADICIÓN DE AGUA ALCALINA DE ALTA CONCENTRACIÓN A MATERIA PRIMA DE AGUA QUE CONSISTE EN AGUA PESADA QUE CONTIENE TRITIO SE SUMINISTRA CIRCULARMENTE A AMBAS CÁMARAS DE ELECTROLISIS, INCLUYENDO LA CÁMARA ANÓDICA Y LA CÁMARA CATÓDICA, DESDE UN TANQUE DE CIRCULACIÓN QUE CONTIENE EL ELECTROLITO; UN SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO ANÓDICO Y UN DISPOSITIVO DE SELLADO DE AGUA DEL LADO ANÓDICO ESTÁN CONECTADOS A LA CÁMARA ANÓDICA, Y UN SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO CATÓDICO Y UN DISPOSITIVO DE SELLADO DE AGUA DEL LADO CATÓDICO ESTÁN CONECTADOS A LA CÁMARA CATÓDICA; Y LA ELECTROLISIS SE CONTINUA MIENTRAS LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE ÁLCALI EN EL ELECTROLITO SUMINISTRADO A AMBAS CÁMARAS DE ELECTROLISIS SE MANTIENE A UNA CONCENTRACIÓN CONSTANTE MEDIANTE EL SUMINISTRO CIRCULAR, AL TANQUE DE CIRCULACION, DEL ELECTROLITO DESDE EL QUE SE SEPARA EL GAS GENERADO DESDE CADA UNO DEL SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO ANÓDICO Y EL SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO CATÓDICO, DE MODO QUE EL AGUA PESADA EN EL ELECTROLITO SE ENRIQUECE Y, AL MISMO TIEMPO, EL GAS HIDROGENO SE RECUPERA O SE DESCARGA DESDE EL SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO CATÓDICO Y EL GAS OXIGENO SE RECUPERA O SE DESCARGA DESDE EL SEPARADOR GAS-LIQUIDO DEL LADO ANÓDICO. METHOD OF ELECTROLYTIC ENRICHMENT FOR HEAVY WATER, WHICH INCLUDES: ENRICHING HEAVY WATER THROUGH ELECTROLYSIS USING A CELL OF ELECTROLYSIS OF ALKALINE WATER THAT CONSISTS IN AN ANODIC CHAMBER WHICH HOUSES AN ANODE, A CHAMBER THAT CELLS A CHAMBER IN A CAMERA ANODIC AND THE CATHODIC CHAMBER, IN WHICH AN ELECTROLYTE PREPARED BY ADDITION OF HIGH ALCALINE WATER CONCENTRATION TO RAW MATERIAL WHICH CONSISTS OF ...

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell (1) including an anode chamber (2) that holds an anode, a cathode chamber (3) that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm (4). In the method, an electrolyte (16) prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water (7) to raw material water (10) containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank (5); an anode--side gas-liquid separator (14a) and an anode-side water--seal device (15a) are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator (14b) and a cathode-side water-seal device (15b) are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas- liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

중수의 전해농축 방법은 양극을 수용하는 양극 챔버, 음극을 수용하는 음극 챔버, 및 격벽을 포함하는 알칼리수 전해조를 사용하는 전기분해에 의해 중수를 농축하는 단계를 포함한다. 이러한 방법에서, 고 농도의 알칼리수를 중수로 이루어진 원료수에 첨가함으로써 준비된 전해질은 순환 탱크로부터 양극 챔버 및 음극 챔버에 순환 공급되고; 양극측의 기체-액체 분리기 및 양극측의 물-밀봉 디바이스는 양극 챔버에 연결되고, 음극측의 기체-액체 분리기 및 음극측의 물-밀봉 디바이스는 음극 챔버에 연결되고; 양극측 기체-액체 분리기 및 음극측 기체-액체 분리기로부터 생성된 기체가 분리된 전해질을 순환 탱크로 순환 공급함으로써 양 전해 챔버들에 공급된 전해질 내의 알칼리 농도가 일정한 농도로 유지되는 동안 전기분해가 지속된다.

heavy water electrolytic enrichment method

RESUMO MÉTODO DE ENRIQUECIMENTO ELETROLÍTICO PARA ÁGUA PESADA Um método de enriquecimento eletrolítico para água pesada inclui o enriquecimento de água pesada por eletrólise utilizando uma célula de eletrólise de água alcalina incluindo uma câmara de ânodo, que contém um ânodo, uma câmara de cátodo, que contém um cátodo, e um diafragma. No método, um eletrólito, preparado por adição de água alcalina em alta concentração à água matéria-prima que contém água pesada, é circularmente fornecido à câmara de ânodo e à câmara de cátodo de um tanque de circulação; um separador de gás-líquido do lado do ânodo e um dispositivo de selo de água do lado do ânodo estão conectados à câmara de ânodo, e um separador de gás-líquido do lado do cátodo e um dispositivo de selo de água do lado do cátodo estão conectados à câmara de cátodo; e a eletrólise é continuada enquanto a concentração de álcali no eletrólito fornecido a ambas as câmaras de eletrólise é mantida em uma concentração constante através do fornecimento, circularmente, ao tanque de circulação, do eletrólito do qual o gás gerado do separador de gás-líquido do lado do ânodo e do separador de gás-líquido do lado do cátodo é separado. 1/1 ABSTRACT ELECTROLYTIC ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR WATER HEAVY An electrolytic enrichment method for water includes the enrichment of heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber, which contains an anode, an cathode chamber, which contains a cathode, and a diaphragm. At the method, an electrolyte, prepared by adding alkaline water in high concentration to water raw material containing water heavy, it is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber of a circulation tank; a separator gas-liquid on the anode side and a water seal device on the anode side are connected to the anode chamber, and a gas-liquid separator on the cathode side and a device cathode side water seal are connected to the chamber cathode; and electrolysis is ...

Patent RU2016106887A3

`”ВУ“” 2016106887” АЗ Дата публикации: 25.04.2018 Форма № 18 ИЗ,ПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение ж Я «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2016106887/05(010881) 24.07.2014 РСТ/ЕР2014/065948 24.07.2014 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [ ] приоритета по первоначальной заявке № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 2013-158735 31.07.2013 ]Р Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) СПОСОБ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ВОДЫ Заявитель: ИНДУСТРИЕ ДЕ НОРА С.Ц.А., [Т 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. Примечания) [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) СОТВ 5/02 (2006.01) С25В 1/04 (2006.01) ВОТЬ 59/40 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) СО1В 5/00-5/02, С25В 1/00-1/04, ВОТЬ 59/00, ВОТО 59/38-59/40 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): Езрасепек, ]-Р]а( Ра РАТЕМТЬСОРЕ, Ра еагсв, КОРТО, Кеахуз, 5ТРО, ИЗРТО 6. ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА Кате- Наименование документа с указанием (где ...

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

用于重水的电解富集方法，包括：通过利用碱性水电解槽进行电解来富集重水，所述碱性水电解槽包括容纳阳极的阳极室、容纳阴极的阴极室和隔膜。在该方法中，将通过向含重水的原料水添加高浓度碱性水来制备的电解质从循环罐循环供给至阳极室和阴极室；将阳极侧气液分离器和阳极侧水密封装置与阳极室连接，并且将阴极侧气液分离器和阴极侧水密封装置与阴极室连接；和持续电解同时通过将电解质循环供给至循环罐来将供给至两个电解室的电解质中的碱浓度维持在恒定的浓度，并且从阳极侧气液分离器和阴极侧气液分离器分离了从所述电解质产生的气体。

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water.

Un método de enriquecimiento electrolítico para agua pesada incluye enriquecer agua pesada mediante electrolisis usando una celda de electrolisis de agua alcalina que incluye una cámara anódica que alberga un ánodo, una cámara catódica que alberga un cátodo y un diafragma. En el método, un electrolito preparado por adición de agua alcalina de alta concentración a materia prima de agua que contiene agua pesada se suministra circularmente a la cámara anódica y a la cámara catódica desde un tanque de circulación; un separador gas-líquido del lado anódico y un dispositivo de sellado de agua del lado anódico están conectados a la cámara anódica, y un separador gas-líquido del lado catódico y un dispositivo de sellado de agua del lado catódico están conectados a la cámara catódica; y la electrolisis se continúa mientras que la concentración de álcali en el electrolito suministrado a ambas cámaras de electrolisis se mantiene a una concentración constante mediante el suministro circular, al tanque de circulación, del electrolito desde el que se separa el gas generado desde el separador gas-líquido del lado anódico y el separador gas-líquido del lado catódico.