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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 1745. Отображено 100.
10-05-2012 дата публикации

Reformer tube apparatus having variable wall thickness and associated method of manufacture

Номер: US20120114533A1
Автор: Brian W. Voelker, Gerald Gapinski, Gilbert Y. Whitten, Philip Crouch, Robert Smickley
Принадлежит: METALTEK INTERNATIONAL Inc, Midrex Technologies Inc

The present invention provides a reformer tube apparatus, including: an axially aligned tubular structure including a flange section, a top section, a middle section, and a bottom section; wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a first portion having a first wall thickness; wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a second portion having a second wall thickness; and wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a third portion having a transitioning wall thickness that joins the first portion to the second portion. The flange section includes a concentric flange disposed about a top portion thereof. The bottom section of the tubular structure includes a plurality of concentric wedge structures disposed about the interior thereof. The bottom section of the tubular structure also includes a recess disposed about the exterior thereof. The axially aligned tubular structure further includes a secondary flange section coupled to the flange section, wherein the secondary flange section includes a concentric flange disposed about a top portion thereof. Optionally, the reformer tube apparatus is disposed within a reformer used in a direct reduction process.

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Номер записи: 1
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Stackable structural reactors

Номер: US20120195801A1
Автор: Brian L. Davis, Gordon W. Brunson, Joseph W. WHITTENBERGER, Randall J. Bartos, Todd A. Romesberg, William A. Whittenberger
Принадлежит: Catacel Corp

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

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Номер записи: 2
01-08-2013 дата публикации

System and method for heating a gasifier

Номер: US20130192139A1
Автор: John Saunders Stevenson, Shashishekara Sitharamarao Talya
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a gasification fuel during a gasification mode. The system also includes a first injector configured to inject a heat control fuel and an oxygen enriched air into the gasifier for combustion during a heat control mode. The heat control fuel is the same or different from the gasification fuel, and the oxygen enriched air includes air enriched with additional oxygen.

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Номер записи: 3
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Heat exchanger reformer

Номер: US20130195736A1
Автор: Bernard A. Fischer
Принадлежит: Delphi Technologies Inc

A catalytic reformer assembly includes a heated medium flow path for a first medium and a reforming flow path for a second medium. A catalyst substrate is located within the reforming flow path and supports a catalyst. A heat exchanger is disposed within the heated medium flow path for transferring heat from the heated medium flow path to the catalyst substrate.

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Номер записи: 4
05-01-2017 дата публикации

SYNTHESIS OF OXYGEN-MOBILITY ENHANCED CEO2 AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20170001176A1
Автор: "DSouza Lawrence", Ravon Ugo, Scaranto Jessica, Viswanath Vinu
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are catalysts capable of catalyzing the dry reforming of methane. The catalysts have a core-shell structure with the shell surrounding the core. The shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase. An active metal(s) is deposited on the surface of the shell. 1. A catalyst capable of catalyzing a dry reformation of methane reaction , the catalyst comprising a core-shell structure having:a metal oxide core, a clay core, or a zeolite core;a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase; andan active metal deposited on the surface of the shell.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the redox-metal oxide phase is cerium oxide (CeO) and the metal dopant is niobium (Nb) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , or lanthanum (La) claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is an alkaline earth metal aluminate core selected from aluminate claim 2 , magnesium aluminate claim 2 , calcium aluminate claim 2 , strontium aluminate claim 2 , barium aluminate claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal aluminate core is magnesium aluminate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , comprising:65 wt. % to 85 wt. % magnesium aluminate;10 wt. % to 20 wt. % cerium oxide; and5 wt. % to 10 wt. % nickel.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of niobium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.7. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of indium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.8. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of lanthanum incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.9. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is AlO.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 5
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Plasma-assisted method and system for treating raw syngas comprising tars

Номер: US20180002620A1
Автор: Andreas Tsangaris, Graeme Hay, Islam GOMAA, Marc Bacon
Принадлежит: Plasco Conversion Technologies Inc

The invention provides a system and method for conversion of raw syngas and tars into refined syngas, while optionally minimizing the parasitic losses of the process and maximizing the usable energy density of the product syngas. The system includes a reactor including a refining chamber for refining syngas comprising one or more inlets configured to promote at least two flow zones: a central zone where syngas and air/process additives flow in a swirling pattern for mixing and combustion in the high temperature central zone; at least one peripheral zone within the reactor which forms a boundary layer of a buffering flow along the reactor walls, (b) plasma torches that inject plasma into the central zone, and (c) air injection patterns that create a recirculation zone to promotes mixing between the high temperature products at the core reaction zone of the vessel and the buffering layer, wherein in the central zone, syngas and air/process additives mixture are ignited in close proximity to the plasma arc, coming into contact with each other, concurrently, at the entrance to the reaction chamber and method of using the system.

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Номер записи: 6
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Energy generating unit comprising a high-temperature fuel cell stack and a vaporizing unit

Номер: US20160006062A1
Автор: Juergen Rechberger, Michael Reissig
Принадлежит: AVL List GmbH

The invention relates to an energy generation unit comprising a high-temperature fuel cell stack ( 10 ), which is operated with liquid fuel, and a reformer ( 11 ) connected upstream of the fuel cell stack for processing the fuel, a recirculation line ( 13 ) for at least partially feeding back the anode exhaust gas into the reformer ( 1 ) and a device for feeding the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust gas. In accordance with the invention, the invention for feeding the fuel is in the form of an evaporator device ( 20 ), comprising a housing ( 21 ) which has an evaporator nonwoven ( 23 ) in the region of the fuel feed line ( 22 ), wherein the hot anode exhaust gas can be applied to said evaporator nonwoven from the recirculation line ( 13 ).

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Номер записи: 7
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Nickel hexaaluminate-containing catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons in the presence of carbon dioxide

Номер: US20160008791A1
Автор: Andrian Milanov, Bernd HINRICHSEN, Ekkehard Schwab, Gerhard Cox, Guido Wasserschaff, Stephan Schunk, Thomas Roussiere, Ulrich FLOERCHINGER
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The invention relates to a nickel hexaaluminate-comprising catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of carbon dioxide, which comprises hexaaluminate in a proportion in the range from 65 to 95% by weight, preferably from 70 to 90% by weight, and a crystalline, oxidic secondary phase selected from the group consisting of LaAlO 3 , SrAl 2 O 4 and BaAl 2 O 4 in the range from 5 to 35% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight. The BET surface area of the catalyst is ≧5 m 2 /g, preferably ≧10 m 2 /g. The molar nickel content of the catalyst is ≦3 mol %, preferably ≦2.5 mol % and more preferably ≦2 mol %. The interlayer cations are preferably Ba and/or Sr. The process for producing the catalyst comprises the steps: (i) production of a mixture of metal salts, preferably nitrate salts of Ni and also Sr and/or La, and a nanoparticulate aluminum source, (ii) molding and (iii) calcination. The catalyst of the invention is brought into contact with hydrocarbons, preferably methane, and CO 2 in a reforming process, preferably at a temperature of >800° C. The catalyst is also distinguished by structural and preferred properties of the nickel, namely that the nickel particles mostly have a tetragonal form and the particles have a size of ≦50 nm, preferably ≦40 nm and particularly preferably ≦30 nm, and are present finely dispersed as grown-on hexaaluminate particles. The catalyst has only a very low tendency for carbonaceous deposits to be formed.

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Номер записи: 8
14-01-2016 дата публикации

DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST, AND CARBONYL COMPOUND AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD USING SAID CATALYST

Номер: US20160008801A9
Автор: Fujita Ken-ichi, YAMAGUCHI Ryohei
Принадлежит: Kanto Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha

Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, to provide a method that can produce a ketone, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid with high efficiency from an alcohol, and to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen from an alcohol, formic acid, or a formate, and they are accomplished by a catalyst containing an organometallic compound of Formula (1). 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is an alcohol.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is formic acid or a formate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein L is an aquo ligand.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 1 , and M is iridium.6. A dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an organometallic compound of Formula (1) claim 1 , wherein it is for use in the method according to .7. A method for producing a carbonyl compound claim 1 , wherein an alcohol is dehydrogenated by use of the dehydrogenation method according to to produce a corresponding carbonyl compound.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the carbonyl compound is a ketone or an aldehyde.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alcohol is a primary alcohol claim 7 , the carbonyl compound is a carboxylic acid claim 7 , and a solvent comprising water is used.10. A method for producing hydrogen claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is prepared by dehydrogenation of an alcohol claim 1 , a mixture containing an alcohol and water claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , or a formate using the dehydrogenation method according to .12. The organometallic compound according to claim 11 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 11 , and M is iridium.14. The organometallic compound according to claim 13 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 13 , and M is iridium.15. A method for dehydrogenating an oxygen-containing ...

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Номер записи: 9
10-01-2019 дата публикации

UNCONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CLEANING UP SAME FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSING

Номер: US20190010050A1
Автор: Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, Newport Dave G., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. An unconditioned syngas generated by steam reforming of biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide and suitable for the production of Fischer-Tropsch products therefrom , the unconditioned syngas having a component composition comprising:(a) a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;(b) a hydrogen concentration ranging from between 20 volume percent to 60 volume percent on a dry basis;(c) one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, cresol, and combinations thereof, the VOC concentration ranges from between 500 parts per million by volume to 10,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(d) one or more semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) selected from the group consisting of indene, indan, napthalene, methylnapthalene, acenapthylene, acenapthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, (methyl-) anthracenes/phenanthrenes, pyrene/fluoranthene, methylpyrenes/benzofluorenes, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes, methylbenz[a]anthracenes, perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,kl]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and combinations thereof, the SVOC concentration ranges from between 10 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(e) a hydrogen chloride concentration ranging from between greater than 0 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; and(f) a hydrogen sulfide concentration ...

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Номер записи: 10
28-01-2016 дата публикации

FUEL REFORMER AND FUEL CELL

Номер: US20160023899A1
Автор: Hirakawa Makoto, MIZUKAWA Shigeru
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd.

A fuel reformer 20 producing a reformed gas by catalysis by using a fuel gas includes a combustion chamber 24, a combustion nozzle 30, an exhausting pipe 15, a gas distribution gap 25, an outer reforming portion 43, a fuel gas introduction pipe 10, and a reformed gas outlet pipe 11. The combustion nozzle 30 is located in the combustion chamber 24. A columnar protruding portion 40 is provided in the combustion chamber 24. 1. A fuel reformer producing a reformed gas by catalysis by using a fuel gas , the fuel reformer comprising:a body portion in which a tubular combustion chamber extending between a first end and a second end is provided;a combustion nozzle located closer to the first end of the combustion chamber and generating a flame by injecting a combustion gas;an exhausting pipe located closer to the second end and exhausting an exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber;a gas distribution gap isolated from an inner portion of the combustion chamber and provided along an outer shell of the combustion chamber;an outer reforming portion formed by filling the gas distribution gap with a reforming catalyst;a fuel gas introduction pipe located upstream of the outer reforming portion and introducing a fuel gas to the gas distribution gap; and in the inner portion of the combustion chamber, provided is a columnar protruding portion;', separated from the outer reforming portion with a gap interposed therebetween so as to communicate with the fuel gas introduction pipe and the gas distribution gap, and', 'protruding from the second end side toward the combustion nozzle., 'including an inner space isolated from the combustion chamber,'}], 'a reformed gas exhaust pipe located downstream of the outer reforming portion and exhausting a reformed gas from the gas distribution gap, wherein2. The fuel reformer of claim 1 , wherein:a columnar reforming portion is formed by filling the inner space of the columnar protruding portion with a reforming catalyst.3. The fuel ...

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Номер записи: 11
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Compositions of Matter Comprising Nanocatalyst Structures, Systems Comprising Nanocatalyst Structures, and Related Methods

Номер: US20160030926A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

Methods of forming and producing nanocatalysts mounted on or within nanofiber or nanotube structures are disclosed. The mounting structures prevent the nanocatalysts from agglomerating and retain the nanocatalysts in a reactor. The nanocatalysts may be grown over a bulk catalyst material without treating the nanotubes after forming the nanotubes. The resulting nanocatalysts remain catalytically active immediately after formation of the mounting supports and are effective in a wide variety of reactions. Systems are disclosed for reacting reaction gases to form mounting structures with at least one embedded nanocatalyst in the growth tips. The mounting structures may catalyze a different, subsequent reaction than the nanofiber formation reaction, which may take place in the same or a different reactor. Methods of forming a mass of nanocatalysts and catalyzing a reaction with the mass of nanocatalysts are disclosed. Systems are disclosed for forming a mass of nanocatalysts and catalyzing another reaction with the mass of nanocatalysts. 1. A method , comprising:reacting gaseous reactants in a reaction zone in the presence of a bulk catalyst material to grow nanocatalyst structures comprising a mass of nanofibers having at least one particle of the bulk catalyst material attached to a growth tip of a substantial quantity of the nanofibers of the mass of nanofibers.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising catalyzing at least a second reaction with the nanocatalyst structures.3. The method of wherein reacting gaseous reactants in a reaction zone comprises reacting a gaseous carbon source with a reducing gas in the reaction zone.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing additional catalytic material on at least one of an exterior surface and an interior surface of a substantial quantity of the nanocatalyst structures.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein depositing additional catalytic material on at least one of an exterior surface and an interior surface ...

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Номер записи: 12
03-03-2022 дата публикации

LIQUID PHASE REFORMING OF OXYGENATES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220063997A1
Автор: AKPOLAT Osman, SEABA James
Принадлежит:

In the liquid phase reforming (LPR) of oxygenated C,H-containing compounds such as alcohols, various strategies are disclosed for managing byproduct CO. Important processing options include those in which electrolyte, consumed in capturing or precipitating the COgenerated from LPR, is regenerated or not regenerated, with carbon emissions potentially being avoided in the latter case. With regeneration, different chemistries are possible, such as in the case of a regeneration cycle utilizing hydroxide anions to precipitate a solid, carbonate form of COthat is generated from reforming. Alternatively, a reaction and regeneration system may use carbonate anions to “capture” COand thereby maintain it as aqueous, solubilized bicarbonate form. 1. A process for reforming an oxygenated C ,H-containing compound , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'contacting the oxygenated C,H-containing compound with a catalyst in an aqueous electrolyte solution, said aqueous electrolyte solution comprising at least one CO-precipitating cation, wherein said oxygenated C,H-containing compound is reformed by reaction with HO in said aqueous electrolyte solution, to produce Hand a precipitated carbonate form of generated COand the CO-precipitating cation.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 1 ,H-containing compound is an alcohol or an ether.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 2 ,H-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , and dimethyl ether.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is selected from the group consisting of Caor Li claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous electrolyte solution as Ca(OH)or LiOH.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the at least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous ...

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Номер записи: 13
25-02-2021 дата публикации

Ammonia Production Plant and Ammonia Production Method

Номер: US20210053834A1
Автор: FUJIMURA Yasushi, Kato Momoko
Принадлежит:

An ammonia production plant and an ammonia production method having high energy saving and environmental friendliness are provided. 1. An ammonia production plant for producing ammonia from a carbon-based raw material , comprising:an ammonia synthesis facility which synthesizes ammonia;a synthesis gas generating facility which generates a synthesis gas for synthesizing ammonia from the carbon-based raw material; anda power generating facility which obtains power,wherein the synthesis gas generating facility includes an exhaust heat recovery unit which recovers exhaust heat generated when generating the synthesis gas,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the power generating facility includes a combustion device which burns oxygen and fuel, and a gas turbine which is driven by using a combustion gas containing a COgas obtained by the combustion device as power so as to generate power and is configured to supply the COgas discharged from the gas turbine as a recycle gas to the combustion device,'}wherein the power obtained by the power generating facility is used as at least power of the ammonia synthesis facility, andwherein the exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery unit is used to heat the recycle gas.2. An ammonia production plant for producing ammonia from a carbon-based raw material , comprising:an ammonia synthesis facility which synthesizes ammonia;a synthesis gas generating facility which generates a synthesis gas for synthesizing ammonia from the carbon-based raw material; anda power generating facility which obtains power,wherein the synthesis gas generating facility includes an exhaust heat recovery unit which recovers exhaust heat generated when generating the synthesis gas,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the power generating facility includes a combustion device which burns oxygen and fuel, a water vapor generating device which generates water vapor by exhaust heat of a combustion gas containing a COgas obtained from the combustion device, and a steam turbine ...

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Номер записи: 14
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Electrically heated steam reforming reactor

Номер: US20200048085A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: Raven SR Inc

What has been achieved by this invention is a method and design of providing high temperature heat for an endothermic gasifier without combustion using electrical resistance immersion heating element technology. Further, these elements could be heated by three phase electrical power; thus, minimizing the number of electrical leads emerging from the top of the heating elements. This invention solves the difficulty of designing the steam/CO 2 reforming reactor with a large number of densely packed heating elements and the syngas heat recuperator into one reactor. This is done to avoid the extremely hot syngas leaving the reactor from melting the downstream metal fittings carrying the reactor product gases to the downstream piping process.

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Номер записи: 15
22-02-2018 дата публикации

Method for converting biomass into fischer-tropsch products with carbon dioxide recycling

Номер: US20180050909A1
Автор: Daniel A. Burciaga, Daniel Michael Leo, Dave G. Newport, Hamilton Sean Michael Whitney, Ravi Chandran, Shawn Robert Freitas
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

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Номер записи: 16
03-03-2016 дата публикации

Ni-MgO-ZnO Solid Catalysts for Syn Gas Preparation and Process for the Preparation Thereof

Номер: US20160059217A1
Автор: Bal Rajaram, Bordoloi Ankur, KONATHALA Laxmi Narayan Siva kumar, Pendem Chandrashekar, SARAN Sandeep, SINGHA RAJIB KUMAR
Принадлежит: COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

The present invention provides a process and catalyst for the production of synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H) by reforming of methane with carbon dioxide. The process provides a direct single step selective vapor phase dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas over Ni—MgO—ZnO catalyst between temperature range of 600° C. to 800° C. at 1 atmospheric pressure. The process provides a methane conversion of 5-95% with Hto CO mole ratio of 0.83-1.2. 1. A Ni—MgO—ZnO solid catalyst comprising:d) Ni in the range of 2-10%,e) MgO in the range of 2-10% andf) ZnO in the range of 90-95%.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is useful for reforming of methane to obtain syngas.31. A process for the preparation of Ni—MgO—ZnO catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said process comprising the steps of:i. dissolving Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate in water,ii. adding Nickel nitrate hexahydrate in water to the mixture as obtained in step (i) followed by stirring to obtain a homogenous mixture;iii. adding a solution of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) in ethanol to the mixture as obtained in step (ii) with stirring for period in the range of 1 to 2 hour followed by adding hydrazine hydrate with adjusting the pH of the solution in the range of 8-12 to obtain a solution,iv. stirring the solution as obtained in step (iii) for period in the range of 1-3 hour followed by autoclaving for period in the range of 12 to 48 hours at temperature in the range of 160 to 180° C. to obtain a precipitate;v. filtering the precipitate as obtained in step (iv) with water and drying at temperature ranging between 60 to 110° C. for a time period ranging between 12-20 hours followed by calcining at a temperature in the range of 400-750° C. for a time period in the of 4-8 hours to obtain Ni—MgO—ZnO catalyst.3. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein weight of Ni to ZnO varied in the range between 2-10%.4. The ...

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Номер записи: 17
03-03-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM WITH SECONDARY REFORMING AND AUXILIARY HEAT SOURCE

Номер: US20160060109A1
Автор: CHAKRAVARTI SHRIKAR, DRNEVICH RAYMOND F., Shah Minish M., Stuckert Ines C.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process within a reforming reactor, and a secondary reforming process within an oxygen transport membrane reactor and in the presence of heat generated from a oxygen transport membrane reactor and an auxiliary source of heat. The auxiliary source of heat is disposed within the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactors and may include an auxiliary reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor or a ceramic burner. 112-. (canceled)13. An oxygen transport membrane based reforming system comprising:a reactor housing;a reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to reform a hydrocarbon containing feed stream in the presence of a reforming catalyst disposed in the reforming reactor and heat to produce a reformed synthesis gas stream;a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactor and configured to receive the reformed synthesis gas stream and react a portion of the reformed synthesis gas stream with permeated oxygen and generate a reaction product and heat, including a first portion of the heat required by the reforming reactor;wherein the reactively driven, catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor is further configured to reform any unreformed hydrocarbon gas in the reformed synthesis gas stream in the presence of some of the heat and the reaction product generated by the reaction of the reformed synthesis gas stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas product stream; andan auxiliary heat source disposed in the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactor and configured to supply a second portion of the heat required by the reforming reactor through the radiation mode of heat transfer to produce the reformed synthesis gas stream, wherein the auxiliary heat source provides between about 15% ...

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Номер записи: 18
15-05-2014 дата публикации

Cu/Zn/Al CATALYST AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

Номер: US20140135210A1
Автор: Adeline BUDIMAN, Dong Jin Suh, Gi Seok YANG, Jae Wook Choi, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Sung Min Kim, Young Hyun Yoon
Принадлежит: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST

The present disclosure relates to a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst and a method for preparing same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst including copper particles having high surface area and thus having excellent activity, which is prepared by: preparing a metal precursor solution by dissolving a copper precursor, a zinc precursor and an aluminum precursor in an organic solvent; mixing an aqueous basic solution with the metal precursor solution and precipitating metal particles; and preparing a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst by collecting and sintering the precipitated metal particles, and a method for preparing same.

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Номер записи: 19
03-03-2016 дата публикации

BURNER

Номер: US20160061443A1
Автор: BOE Michael, Holm-Christensen Olav
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A burner with a plurality of oxidant gas pipes distributed throughout the cross section of the burner and process gas in plug flow provides even mixing of the oxidant and the process gas. 1. Burner for a catalytic reactor comprising an oxidant gas inlet , a process gas inlet , a plurality of oxidant gas pipes connected to the oxidant gas inlet at their upstream end and an oxidant nozzle at the downstream end of each pipe , wherein the pipes are arranged with sufficient spacing between the downstream end of adjacent pipes to ensure that the process gas flows between the pipes before mixing with the oxidant gas , the length of each pipe is at least five times the inner diameter of the pipe.2. Burner according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the oxidant nozzles have a non-circular outlet opening cross-section.3. Burner according to claim 2 , wherein said non-circular outlet opening cross section is oval.4. Burner according to claim 2 , wherein said oxidant nozzle non-circular outlet opening cross sections are achieved by pressing the outlet of the pipes from at least two opposing sides until a plastic deformation of said pipes is achieved.5. Burner according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of each oxidant nozzle define an oxidant gas outlet direction and wherein the outlet direction of at least two oxidant nozzles are not parallel.6. Burner according to claim 1 , wherein at least one perforated plate is located between the process gas inlet and the oxidant nozzle outlet openings claim 1 , thereby balancing the process gas flow across the cross section of the burner.7. Burner according to claim 6 , wherein two perforated plates are located between the process gas inlet and the oxidant nozzle outlet openings claim 6 , thereby balancing the process gas flow across the cross section of the burner towards a plug flow but minimizing the pressure loss caused by the perforated plates.8. Burner according to claim 7 , wherein the distance between the two perforated ...

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Номер записи: 20
08-03-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PARTIAL OR COMPLETE OXIDATION OF FUELS

Номер: US20180065101A1
Автор: Chung Elena, Fan Liang-Shih, KATHE Mandar, Tong Andrew, Wang William
Принадлежит:

A system used for converting multiple fuel feedstocks may include three reactors. The reactor system combination can be so chosen that one of the reactors completely or partially converts the fuel while the other generates the gaseous product required by utilizing the gaseous product from the second reactor. The metal-oxide composition and the reactor flow-patterns can be manipulated to provide the desired product. A method for optimizing the system efficiency where a pressurized gaseous fuel or a pressurized utility is used for applications downstream can be used to any system processing fuels and metal-oxide. 1. A system for the production of syngas , comprising:a first reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen carrying particles comprising a first metal oxide, wherein the first reactor is configured to provide a counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and a first fuel to reduce the first metal oxide to a second metal oxide;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a second reactor in communication with the first reactor, the second reactor configured to oxidize the second metal oxide to a third metal oxide, and further configured to reduce the third metal oxide to a fourth metal oxide with a second fuel to provide a partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel comprising one or more of CO, CO, H, and HO, wherein the second metal oxide is oxidized to the third metal oxide using an enhancing gas of COand HO, the partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel, or a combination thereof, to generate syngas; and'}a third reactor in communication with the second reactor, the third reactor configured to regenerate the first metal oxide by oxidizing the fourth metal oxide with an oxygen source.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and the first fuel is such that the first metal oxide moves downward and the first fuel moves upward.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide is introduced to the top of ...

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Номер записи: 21
10-03-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR UTILIZING BLAST FURNACE GASES, ASSOCIATED GASES AND/OR BIOGASES

Номер: US20160068390A1
Автор: BERNNAT Jens, Bode Andreas, BRUEGGEMANN Philipp, BUEKER Karsten, Goeke Volker, Guzmann Marcus, Hormuth Wolfgang Alois, KERN Matthias, Klingler Dirk, KOENIG Rene, Kolios Grigorios, MAASS Hans-Juergen, Machhammer Otto, Schneider Christian
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for utilizing a hydrocarbon-comprising and/or carbon dioxide-comprising coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas, wherein hydrocarbon-comprising and/or carbon dioxide-comprising coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas is introduced into a reaction space and the multicomponent mixture comprised in the coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas is converted in a high-temperature zone at temperatures of more than 1000° C. and in the presence of a carrier into a product gas mixture which comprises more than 95% by volume of CO, CO, H, HO, CHand Nand optionally into a carbon-comprising solid which is deposited to an extent of at least 75% by weight, based on the total mass of the carbon-comprising solid, on the carrier where the flow velocity of the gas mixture of coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas in the reaction zone is less than 20 m/s. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for utilizing a gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4', '2, 'contacting the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide with a carrier in a reaction space having high temperature zone at a temperature ranging from 1,100 to 1,400° C. to produce a synthesis gas that contains more than 95% of a mixture of CO, CO, H, HO, CHand N, and'}cooling the synthesis gas at >200 K/s;wherein the carrier is conveyed through the reaction space on a moving bed and the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide is conveyed in countercurrent to the carrier at a flow velocity of less than 20 m/s;wherein the synthesis gas is conveyed in countercurrent to the moving bed and is cooled by contact with the moving bed, andwherein the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide is a coproduct gas, an accompanying gas, and/or a biogas.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the flow velocity of the gaseous starting material ...

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Номер записи: 22
05-03-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20200071163A1
Автор: Foody Brian
Принадлежит:

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A method comprising: (i) methane derived from biogas,', '(ii) methane that qualifies under applicable regulations as renewably derived, or', '(iii) a combination of (i) and (ii),, '(a) providing a combustible fluid feedstock that is processed to produce renewable hydrogen, said combustible fluid feedstock comprisingsaid renewable hydrogen being a feedstock in a process for producing liquid fuel, said process comprising:(i′) combining the renewable hydrogen with crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in a reactor under conditions to hydrogenate the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen, and(ii′) providing the liquid fuel as a transportation fuel, said liquid transportation fuel comprising renewable hydrogen incorporated into the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon;(b) determining an amount of the combustible fluid feedstock used to produce the renewable hydrogen;(c) determining numerical information relating to the amount of the combustible fluid feedstock, the renewable hydrogen, or a combination thereof; and(d) providing the numerical information to support fuel credit ...

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Номер записи: 23
14-03-2019 дата публикации

Method for Reducing Temperature Spread in Reformer

Номер: US20190076807A1
Автор: Roland VAN UFFELEN, Stéphane Walspurger
Принадлежит: Technip France SAS

The invention is directed to a method for heating a process gas in a top or bottom fired reformer, a method for improving the temperature spread over a top or bottom fired reformer, and to a top or bottom fired reformer wherein these methods can applied. This can be achieved by the lane flow rate of at least one outer tube lane being different from the lane flow rate of at least one inner tube lane.

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Номер записи: 24
14-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-ENRICHED SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20190077658A1
Автор: HUMBLOT Francis, SCHMITT Paul Guillaume
Принадлежит: Arkema France

Provided is a process for the production of hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas by a catalytic water-gas shift reaction operated on a raw synthesis gas. The reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one compound of formula (I): 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl sulfoxide.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic water-gas shift reaction is carried out in a reactor with an inlet gas temperature of at least 260° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is continuously injected at a flow rate of 0.1 NI/h to 10 Nm/h.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic water-gas shift reaction is carried out in the presence of a sulfur-resistant shift catalyst.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the sulfur-resistant shift catalyst comprises an alkali metal.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic water-gas shift reaction is carried out at a pressure of at least 10 bar.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the raw synthesis gas comprises water and carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of water to carbon monoxide of at least 1.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the residence time in the reactor ranges from 20 to 60 seconds.1011-. (canceled)12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic water-gas shift reaction is carried out in the presence of a sulfur-resistant shift catalyst claim 1 , and wherein the sulfur-resistant shift catalyst is a cobalt and molybdenum-based catalyst.13. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the sulfur-resistant shift catalyst comprises an alkali metal selected from sodium claim 5 , potassium or caesium. The present invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas by a catalytic water-gas shift reaction operated on a raw synthesis gas.Synthesis gas, or briefly syngas, is a combustible gas mixture ...

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Номер записи: 25
14-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-ENRICHED SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20190077659A1
Автор: HUMBLOT Francis, SCHMITT Paul Guillaume
Принадлежит: Arkema France

Provided is a process for the production of hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas by a catalytic water-gas shift reaction operated on a raw synthesis gas. The process includes introducing a gaseous flow that includes at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein in a first reactor containing including at least one metal selected from groups VI B and VII of the periodic table. The process also includes collecting a sulfur-containing gaseous flow from the first reactor, introducing the raw synthesis gas in a second reactor, and introducing the sulfur-containing gaseous flow in the second reactor, where the catalytic water-gas shift reaction takes place and includes a sulfur-resistant shift catalyst X, the sulfur-containing gaseous flow being introduced in the second reactor either directly through flow and/or after mixture through flow with the raw synthesis gas. The process also includes collecting an outlet flow from the second reactor containing hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl sulfoxide.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic water-gas shift reaction is carried out with an inlet gas temperature of at least 230° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first reactor is used at a temperature ranging from 100 to 600° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first reactor is used at a pressure ranging from 0 to 60 bar.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is continuously injected in the first reactor at a flow rate of 1 NI/h to 10 Nm/h.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a hydrogen flow is introduced in the first reactor claim 1 , said hydrogen flow coming from an exogenous source or being collected from the outlet flow of the second reactor.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst Xcomprises molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , nickel ...

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Номер записи: 26
26-03-2015 дата публикации

DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST, AND CARBONYL COMPOUND AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHOD USING SAID CATALYST

Номер: US20150086473A1
Автор: Fujita Ken-ichi, YAMAGUCHI Ryohei
Принадлежит: Kanto Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha

Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, to provide a method that can produce a ketone, an aldehyde, and a carboxylic acid with high efficiency from an alcohol, and to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen from an alcohol, formic acid, or a formate, and they are accomplished by a catalyst containing an organometallic compound of Formula (1). 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is an alcohol.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing compound is formic acid or a formate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein L is an aquo ligand.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 1 , and M is iridium.6. A dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an organometallic compound of Formula (1) claim 1 , wherein it is for use in the method according to .7. A method for producing a carbonyl compound claim 1 , wherein an alcohol is dehydrogenated by use of the dehydrogenation method according to to produce a corresponding carbonyl compound.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the carbonyl compound is a ketone or an aldehyde.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the alcohol is a primary alcohol claim 7 , the carbonyl compound is a carboxylic acid claim 7 , and a solvent comprising water is used.10. A method for producing hydrogen claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is prepared by dehydrogenation of an alcohol claim 1 , a mixture containing an alcohol and water claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , or a formate using the dehydrogenation method according to .12. The organometallic compound according to claim 11 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 11 , and M is iridium.14. The organometallic compound according to claim 13 , wherein Ar is an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl group claim 13 , and M is iridium.15. A method for dehydrogenating an oxygen-containing ...

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Номер записи: 27
31-03-2022 дата публикации

Method of Producing a Cooled Syngas of Improved Quality

Номер: US20220098036A1
Автор: Daniel A. Burciaga, Daniel Michael Leo, Dave G. Newport, Hamilton Sean Michael Whitney, Ravi Chandran, Shawn Robert Freitas
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

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Номер записи: 28
05-05-2022 дата публикации

ELECTRICALLY HEATED STEAM REFORMING REACTOR

Номер: US20220135403A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: Raven SR, Inc.

What has been achieved by this invention is a method and design of providing high temperature heat for an endothermic gasifier without combustion using electrical resistance immersion heating element technology. Further, these elements could be heated by three phase electrical power; thus, minimizing the number of electrical leads emerging from the top of the heating elements.

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Номер записи: 29
05-04-2018 дата публикации

Systems for recovery and re-use of waste energy in crude oil refining and aromatics complex

Номер: US20180094864A1
Автор: Hani Mohammed AL SAED, Mahmoud Bahy Mahmoud NOURELDIN
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

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Номер записи: 30
02-06-2022 дата публикации

FEED GAS REFORMING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME

Номер: US20220169500A1
Автор: Ko Dong Seok
Принадлежит:

A feed gas reforming system is provided. The system includes a reformer configured to receive feed gas and supply water and to produce and discharge mixed gas including hydrogen, a pressure swing absorber (PSA) configured to receive the mixed gas and to refine and discharge hydrogen gas, a feed gas supply unit configured to control the supply amount of feed gas, a supply water supply unit configured to control the supply amount of supply water, a hydrogen gas supply unit configured to control the amount of hydrogen gas, and a control unit configured to control the flow rate of hydrogen gas, to control the feed gas supply unit based on the pressure of the discharged hydrogen gas, and to control the supply water supply unit based on the flow rate of feed gas. 1. A feed gas reforming system comprising: receive feed gas and supply water; and', 'produce and discharge mixed gas including hydrogen;, 'a reformer configured to receive the mixed gas from the reformer; and', 'refine and discharge hydrogen gas;, 'a pressure swing absorber (PSA) configured toa feed gas supply unit configured to control a supply amount of the feed gas;a supply water supply unit configured to control a supply amount of the supply water;a hydrogen gas supply unit configured to control an amount of the hydrogen gas discharged from the PSA; and control a flow rate of the hydrogen gas discharged through the hydrogen gas supply unit;', 'control the feed gas supply unit based on a pressure of the discharged hydrogen gas; and', 'control the supply water supply unit based on a flow rate of the feed gas discharged through the feed gas supply unit., 'a control unit configured to2. The feed gas reforming system according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit further comprises: control the hydrogen gas supply unit based on a flow rate or pressure of the hydrogen gas discharged from the PSA; and', 'control the hydrogen gas supply unit according to a signal transmitted from outside., 'a hydrogen gas controller ...

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Номер записи: 31
02-06-2022 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

Номер: US20220169927A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: Raven SR, Inc.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving at least organic waste and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch reactor claim 1 , a methanol synthesis reactor claim 1 , a methanation reactor claim 1 , and a shift converter.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.4. The waste reformation system of claim 3 , further comprising a pressure shift adsorption (PSA) unit in fluid communication with the shift converter claim 3 , the PSA unit for producing hydrogen fuel.5. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a shift converter.6. The waste ...

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Номер записи: 32
29-04-2021 дата публикации

CERIA-SUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS AND PROCESSES

Номер: US20210121854A1
Автор: HOLLES Joseph, HORNER Richard, MIAO Jintao, Zhou Jing
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING

Provided herein are catalyst materials and processes for processing hydrocarbons. For example, doped ceria-supported metal catalysts are provided exhibiting good activity and stability for commercially relevant DRM process conditions including low temperature and long term operation. 2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is for production of a syngas product and/or for dry reforming of methane.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is obtained or derived from an industrial process that generates both carbon dioxide and methane or an industrial process that generates carbon dioxide in proximity to a source of methane.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock comprises a product from one or more processes selected from the group of:i. a coal pyrolysis process;ii. a petrochemical oxidization process;iii. a sintering process;iv. a furnace process;v. a kiln process;vi. a steam reforming process;vii. an ammonia production process;viii. a fuel production or treatment process;ix. a mining process; andx. any process that produces carbon dioxide.11. (canceled)12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said doped ceria-supported metal catalyst comprises said one or more metals (M) dispersed on a doped catalyst support characterized by the formula CeBO; wherein said doped catalyst support maintains the structure of pure ceria and produces mixed metal oxides.13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more metals (M) are provided as particles or clusters having an average size dimension up to 1 micron and wherein the weight percent of said one or more metals (M) in the catalyst is selected from the range of 0.1-20 wt %.15. (canceled)16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more metals (M) in formula (FX1) is Ni; and wherein Ni has a weight percent in the catalyst selected from the range of 1.5-7 wt %.17. (canceled)18. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 33
28-04-2016 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products using an absorption zone

Номер: US20160115098A1
Автор: Bryan K. Glover, Robert Edison Tsai, Tokhanh Ngo, William Yanez, Xin X. Zhu
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, a method comprises separating a reforming-zone effluent to form a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The net gas phase stream is compressed, partially condensed and cooled to form a partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream. The partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream is separated to form an intermediate gas phase stream. The intermediate gas phase stream is cooled to form a cooled intermediate gas phase stream. The liquid phase hydrocarbon stream is cooled to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The cooled intermediate gas phase stream is contacted with the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form an H 2 -rich stream and a cooled second intermediate liquid phase hydrocarbon stream that is enriched with C 3 /C 4 hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 34
26-04-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MAXIMIZING HYDROGEN RECOVERY

Номер: US20180111831A1
Автор: Adamopoulos Eleftherios
Принадлежит:

The process can be used in any hydrocarbon process in which it is desirable to recover hydrogen. The process can include catalytically reforming a hydrocarbon feed, a paraffin dehydrogenation to produce light olefins or a synthesis gas generating process. There is an effluent stream having hydrogen and hydrocarbons that is first sent to an adsorption zone to produce a pure hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream. The tail gas stream is then sent across a feed side of a membrane having the feed side and a permeate side. The membrane that is selected is selective for hydrogen over one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons and light ends including CO, CO2, N2 and O2, and withdrawing from the permeate side a permeate stream enriched in hydrogen compared with a residue stream withdrawn from the feed side. The permeate stream is then recycled to be sent through the adsorption zone. 1. A process for recovery of hydrogen , comprising:A) obtaining a stream comprising hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen from a reaction zone;B) sending said stream through an adsorption zone to produce a hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream;C) passing at least a portion of the tail gas stream across a feed side of a membrane having the feed side and a permeate side, and being selective for hydrogen over one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen;D) withdrawing from the permeate side a permeate stream enriched in hydrogen compared with a residue stream withdrawn from the feed side; andE) recycling said permeate stream into said stream from said reaction zone.2. The process according to wherein said residue stream is sent to a product recovery section of an upstream process for additional recovery of feed and product.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the permeate stream comprises no more than about 8 percent claim 1 , by mole claim 1 , of nitrogen and no more than about 0.3 percent claim 1 , by mole claim 1 , of ...

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Номер записи: 35
27-04-2017 дата публикации

INTEGRATED REFORMER AND PURIFIER

Номер: US20170113931A1
Автор: DeVries Peter David
Принадлежит:

Certain configurations described herein comprise a reformer that is operative to liberate hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-rich feedstock in a catalytic reforming reaction, where a hydrogen purifier is effective to remove and purify hydrogen gas, in a thermally integrated assembly combining the reformer and purifier. Methods of using the combined reformer/purifier are also described. 112-. (canceled)13. A combined reformer and purifier for converting a hydrogen-rich feedstock into purified hydrogen , comprising a catalyst effective to liberate hydrogen from said hydrogen-rich feedstock and forming a hydrogen-rich mixed gas , wherein the purifier is effective to receive the hydrogen-rich mixed gas and extract a portion of the hydrogen therein as purified hydrogen , leaving a hydrogen-depleted raffinate , and the purifier comprises at least one hydrogen-permeable membrane and at least one compression seal positioned between two compression plates , wherein at least one of said compression plates is an assembly comprising:at least one first cavity comprising a catalyst effective to liberate hydrogen from said hydrogen-rich feedstock and forming a hydrogen-rich mixed gas;at least one second cavity enclosing a burner or oxidative catalytic reactor to oxidize said hydrogen-depleted raffinate or said hydrogen-rich feedstock to supply heat to the at least one first cavity containing said catalyst, said second cavity closed at one end to the flow of gases; andan interior surface proximal to said membrane and an exterior surface distal to said membrane, and said compression plate has at least one cavity, interior, or exterior surface effective to preheat said hydrogen-rich feedstock prior to being delivered to said catalyst bed.14. A combined reformer and purifier for converting a hydrogen-rich feedstock into purified hydrogen as claimed in claim 13 , wherein at least one of said compression plates or compression plate assemblies comprises at least one cavity comprising a ...

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Номер записи: 36
07-05-2015 дата публикации

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

Номер: US20150122243A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY Inc

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

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Номер записи: 37
12-05-2016 дата публикации

Refining assemblies and refining methods for rich natural gas

Номер: US20160130515A1
Автор: David J Edlund
Принадлежит: ELEMENT 1 CORP

Refining assemblies and methods for refining rich natural gas containing a first methane gas and other hydrocarbons that are heavier than methane gas are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a methane-producing assembly configured to receive at least one liquid-containing feed stream that includes water and rich natural gas and to produce an output stream therefrom by (a) converting at least a substantial portion of the other hydrocarbons of the rich natural gas with the water to a second methane gas, a lesser portion of the water, and other gases, and (b) allowing at least a substantial portion of the first methane gas from the rich natural gas to pass through the methane-producing assembly unconverted. The assemblies may additionally include a purification assembly configured to receive the output stream and to produce a methane-rich stream therefrom having a greater methane concentration than the output stream.

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Номер записи: 38
03-06-2021 дата публикации

HIGH TEMPERATURE CO2 STEAM AND H2 REACTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS.

Номер: US20210162339A1
Автор: Sekhar Jainagesh
Принадлежит: MHI Health Devices, LLC.

Presented are processes for the beneficial conversion of COand other environmentally destructive compounds to their constituent parts by the application of thermal plasma containing activated species whereby the interaction of the plasma with the compounds and reactions of COand Hgenerate more environmentally friendly compounds comprising in part oxygen and hydrogen. The thermal plasma may be vibro-shear plasma generated by the superheating of either steam, gas or a combination of both. 1. A method for the reduction of COcompounds to environmentally friendly non-COcompounds comprising immersing the COcompounds in a thermal plasma plume.2. The method of wherein the reduction of the COcompounds occurs at a temperature below 1600° C.3. The method of wherein the thermal plasma plume is a vibro-shear plasma comprising activated species.4. The method of wherein the thermal plasma plume is comprised of a first activated species and the method is further comprised of a secondary thermal plasma comprised of a secondary activated species.5. The method of wherein the environmentally friendly non-COcompounds comprise Oor HO.6. A method for the plasma valorization of a COcompound comprising immersing the COcompound in a thermal plasma plume and introducing a reducing reagent resulting in the generation of non-COcompounds.7. The method of wherein the thermal plasma plume is a vibro-shear plasma comprising activated species.8. The method of wherein the thermal plasma plume is comprised of a first activated species and the method is further comprised of a secondary thermal plasma comprised of a secondary activated species.9. The method of wherein the reducing agent is H.10. The method of wherein the reducing agent is CH.11. The method of wherein the generated non-COcompound comprises syngas.12. The method of wherein the generated non-COcompounds consist of compounds selected from the group of compounds consisting of methanol claim 11 , ethanol claim 11 , formic acid claim 11 , ...

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Номер записи: 39
03-06-2021 дата публикации

STRUCTURED CATALYSTS FOR PRE-REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20210162374A1
Автор: Bae Joongmyeon, Bae Minseok, Katikaneni Sai P., LEE Sangho
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are structured catalysts, methods of making structured catalysts, and methods of using structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons. The structured catalysts contain a structured catalyst substrate, a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide; and a second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide. 1. A process for pre-reforming a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:feeding to a catalytic pre-reformer air, steam, and a hydrocarbon fuel including C2 and greater hydrocarbons; andpre-reforming, in the catalytic pre-reformer, the hydrocarbon fuel to produce a reformate exit stream including hydrogen and methane,wherein the catalytic pre-reformer includes a structured catalyst having a structured catalyst substrate, a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide; and a second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide;and wherein the structured catalyst substrate comprises a monolithic structured catalyst substrate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of natural gas claim 1 , propane claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , biofuel claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , and kerosene.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second coating further comprises ruthenium.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst comprises two or more layers of the second coating. This application is a divisional application of and claims priority from U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 15/408,892, titled Structured catalysts for pre-reforming hydrocarbons, which was filed on Jan. 18, 2017 and is incorporated by reference in its entirety for purposes of United States patent practice.The disclosure relates to structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons. More particularly, the disclosure relates to structured catalysts, methods of making structured catalysts, and methods of using structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons.Catalysts for chemical ...

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Номер записи: 40
09-05-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20190135623A1
Автор: Foody Brian
Принадлежит:

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A process for producing fuel and fuel credits , said process comprising:(a) obtaining renewable hydrogen produced from one of (i) biogas derived from organic material, (ii) methane that qualifies as renewable, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii);(b) using the renewable hydrogen at a fuel production facility in a process wherein the renewable hydrogen is incorporated by hydrogenation into fossil derived liquid hydrocarbon to produce a liquid transportation fuel that is at least partially derived from the renewable hydrogen; and(c) generating or causing the generation of fuel credits, said fuel credits dependent on the liquid transportation fuel being at least partially derived from the renewable hydrogen.55. The process of claim 54 , comprising using the fuel credits to offset or satisfy a fuel credit obligation of a producer of the liquid transportation fuel.56. The process of claim 54 , wherein obtaining the renewable hydrogen comprises subjecting the one of (i) biogas derived from organic material claim 54 , (ii) methane that qualifies as renewable claim 54 , or (iii) combination of (i) and (ii) ...

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Номер записи: 41
02-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN FROM HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160156051A1
Автор: CHUA Hui Tong, CORNEJO Andrew, Gao Lizhen, Raston Colin Llewellyn
Принадлежит:

A process for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon gas comprising contacting at elevated temperature the hydrocarbon gas with a catalyst to catalytically convert the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and solid carbon; wherein, the catalyst comprises one or both of the following: (a) a calcined Fe-containing catalyst; or (b) a bimetallic MNi-type catalyst supported on a substrate. 1. A process for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon gas comprising contacting at elevated temperature the hydrocarbon gas with a catalyst to catalytically convert the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and solid carbon; a calcined Fe-containing catalyst;', 'and wherein the solid carbon is generated as substantially spherical graphitic particles., 'wherein, the catalyst comprises'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas is contacted with the calcined Fe-containing catalyst at a temperature in a temperature range of from 500° C. to 1200° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas is contacted with the calcined Fe-containing catalyst at a temperature in a temperature range of from 650° C. to 1100° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas is contacted with the calcined Fe-containing catalyst at a temperature in a temperature range of from 800° C. to 1100° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas is contacted with the calcined Fe-containing catalyst at a pressure in a pressure range of from 1.75 bar to 10 bar.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Fe-containing catalyst is selected from the group comprising stainless steel claim 1 , carbon steel claim 1 , rare earth doped stainless steel claim 1 , low carbon stainless steel claim 1 , and iron-containing metal alloys.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Fe-containing catalyst is an Fe-containing metal alloy with a catalytic activator.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the catalytic activator is selected from a group ...

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Номер записи: 42
22-09-2022 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON REFORMING CATALYST AND HYDROCARBON REFORMING DEVICE

Номер: US20220297090A1
Автор: Sato Hideto
Принадлежит: MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.

A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst that is used in production of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon-based gas includes a composite oxide having a perovskite structure, wherein the composite oxide has at least one crystal phase among a first crystal phase containing BaZrOas a main component and a second crystal phase containing BaCeOas a main component, and contains Rh. 1. A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst that is used in production of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon-based gas , the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst comprising:a composite oxide having a perovskite structure,{'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein the composite oxide has at least one crystal phase among a first crystal phase containing BaZrOas a main component and a second crystal phase containing BaCeOas a main component, and contains Rh.'}2. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Rh to Ba is 0.04 to 0.43.3. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the composite oxide further contains Y having a molar ratio to Ba of 0.4 or less.4. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the composite oxide further contains Y having a molar ratio to Ba of 0.4 or less.5. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the composite oxide further contains Ce and Y having a molar ratio to Ce of 0.8 or less.6. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 3', '3, 'the composite oxide has the first crystal phase containing BaZrOas a main component and the second crystal phase containing BaCeOas a main component, and further contains Zr, and'}a molar ratio of Ce to Ba is 0.1 to 0.8.7. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the composite oxide further contains Y.8. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the composite oxide does not contain Y.9. The hydrocarbon reforming ...

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Номер записи: 43
07-06-2018 дата публикации

COUPLING AN ELECTRIC FURNACE WITH A LIQUID FUEL SYNTHESIS PROCESS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE WHEN PROCESSING HETEROGENEOUS WASTES

Номер: US20180155190A1
Автор: Eddy Thomas L., Raivo Brian D.
Принадлежит:

An improved method for processing heterogeneous municipal solid waste, biomass and even construction and demolition waste into liquid hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals is obtained by coupling the synthesis process with an electric furnace. The furnace separates the metals and inorganics from the organic materials. The high temperatures gasify the organics into a relatively clean syngas after particulate and acid gas removal. The yield is increased above that expected from the feedstock by the addition of waste effluents from the synthesis process, such as CO2, H2O and possibly tail gas constituents. The recycled effluents are heated by the syngas being quenched in heat exchangers. Excess high pressure effluents are also heated by the syngas for power generation via gas or steam turbine generators. The optimum concentration of added effluents and heat exchanger configurations are determined by novel methods for maximum yield, energy efficiency and minimum carbon footprint. 1. A method comprising of coupling waste effluents of a synthesis process for generating liquid fuels and chemicals from a syngas to an electric furnace process for generating said syngas from organic feedstock in order to improve the performance characteristics of the coupled system compared to the uncoupled processes.2. The method of wherein said synthesis process is a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic synthesis process.3. The method of wherein said synthesis process is an alcohol synthesis process.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the said electric furnace can be an electric arc furnace claim 1 , such as a submerged arc furnace.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the said submerged arc furnace is operated to obtain a higher quality syngas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the said electric furnace can be a plasma torch furnace.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein effluents from said synthesis process can be recycled by injection into said electric furnace process thereby reducing final waste amounts and ...

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Номер записи: 44
07-06-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF A REDUCING GASEOUS MIXTURE STARTING FROM A HYDROCARBON STREAM AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20180155191A1
Автор: DERUDI Marco, SZEGO Eduardo Luigi
Принадлежит:

A process for reducing metal ore may include: carrying out a reaction between a stream of carbon dioxide and a stream of at least one hydrocarbon, at pressure greater than or equal to 0.5 atmospheres (atm) and less than or equal to 100 atm and at temperature greater than or equal to 800° C. and less than or equal to 1,350° C., to produce a reducing gaseous stream comprising at least H, CO, CO, and water vapour; and/or reducing at least one metal ore using the reducing gaseous stream so as to obtain at least one reduced metal material and at least one exhausted gaseous stream comprising at least COand water vapour. 1. A process for reducing metal ore , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'carrying out a reaction between a stream of carbon dioxide and a stream of at least one hydrocarbon, at pressure greater than or equal to 0.5 atmospheres (atm) and less than or equal to 100 atm and at temperature greater than or equal to 800° C. and less than or equal to 1,350° C., to produce a reducing gaseous stream comprising at least H, CO, CO, and water vapour; and'}{'sub': '2', 'reducing at least one metal ore using the reducing gaseous stream so as to obtain at least one reduced metal material and at least one exhausted gaseous stream comprising at least COand water vapour.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction between the stream of the carbon dioxide and the stream of the at least one hydrocarbon is a non-catalytic reaction.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one exhausted gaseous stream is recirculated to the carrying out of the reaction between the stream of the carbon dioxide and the stream of the at least one hydrocarbon.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one exhausted gaseous stream is recirculated to the carrying out of the reaction between the stream of the carbon dioxide and the stream of the at least one hydrocarbon after removing the water vapour.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least part of the stream of the carbon ...

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Номер записи: 45
16-06-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GTL PRODUCTION IN FPSO

Номер: US20160168489A1
Автор: Kim Hyun Jin, KIM Won Seok, KWON Hyuk
Принадлежит: DAEWOO SHIPBUILDING & MARINE ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

Disclosed herein are a gas-to-liquid (GTL) producing method and system for floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO). The gas-to-liquid (GTL) producing method for FPSO according to the present invention, which is to produce GTL in FPSO, may include: 1. A gas-to-liquid (GTL) producing method for floating production , storage , and offloading (FPSO) comprising:1) a pre-treating step of pre-treating natural gas produced at an offshore gas field;2) a reforming step of reacting the pre-treated natural gas in a presence of a catalyst to produce syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide;3) a synthesis step of supplying the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and reacting the syngas to produce liquid hydrocarbon; and4) an upgrading step of separating the liquid hydrocarbon into gas, naphtha, and syncrude and supplying hydrogen to hydrofinish the liquid hydrocarbon.2. The GTL producing method for FPSO of claim 1 , wherein the upgrading step includes:1) a separation step of separating the liquid hydrocarbon produced in the synthesis step into gas having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, naphtha, and syncrude; and2) a hydrofinishing step of supplying hydrogen to the separated naphtha to saturate olefin.3. The GTL producing method for FPSO of claim 2 , wherein a condensate produced in the hydrofinishing step is separated to thereby be mixed with the syncrude separated in the separation step claim 2 , andgum formation and polymerization of olefin contained in at least one of the naphtha and syncrude during storage and transportation are prevented through the hydrofinishing step.4. The GTL producing method for FPSO of claim 2 , wherein the gas having 1 to 4 carbon atoms separated in the separation step is supplied as fuel for the FPSO.5. The GTL producing method for FPSO of claim 2 , wherein the hydrofinishing step is performed at a relatively low temperature of 250 to 290° C. and a relatively low pressure of 15 to 30 bars.6. The GTL producing method for FPSO of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 46
18-06-2015 дата публикации

CATALYST, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATALYST, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS USING CATALYST, AND HYDROGEN GENERATING DEVICE, FUEL CELL SYSTEM, AND SILICON-SUPPORTED CEZR-BASED OXIDE

Номер: US20150171448A1
Автор: IKARI Kazumasa, Miyazaki Tatsuro, NAGAOKA Katsutoshi, Ueyama Toshihiko, YANO Takuya
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a catalyst in which a reaction initiation temperature at which self-heating function is exhibited is low and which is capable of suppressing carbon accumulation even when a reaction is repeated. The catalyst of the present invention includes a CeZr-based oxide, silicon, and a catalytically active metal, wherein the CeZr-based oxide satisfies CeZrO(x+y=1) and the silicon satisfies molar ratios of 0.02≦Si/Zr and 0.01 Подробнее

Номер записи: 47
15-06-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH METAL REMOVAL

Номер: US20170166446A1
Автор: Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, Newport Dave G., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael
Принадлежит: Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , and having a metal concentration greater than 0 ppm to less than or equal to 30 ppm; the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least one metal from the syngas, said metal being one or more from the group consisting of mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium;(f) after step (e), removing at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas; and 'wherein:', '(g) after step (f), removing carbon dioxide from the syngas with one or more from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber and an absorber;'}(i) the metal ...

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Номер записи: 48
01-07-2021 дата публикации

Plasma-assisted method and system for treating raw syngas comprising tars

Номер: US20210198588A1
Автор: Andreas Tsangaris, Graeme Hay, Islam GOMAA, Marc Bacon
Принадлежит: Omni Conversion Technologies Inc

This disclosure provides a system and method for conversion of raw syngas and tars into refined syngas, while optionally minimizing the parasitic losses of the process and maximizing the usable energy density of the product syngas. The system includes a reactor including a refining chamber for refining syngas comprising one or more inlets configured to promote at least two flow zones: a central zone where syngas and air/process additives flow in a swirling pattern for mixing and combustion in the high temperature central zone; at least one peripheral zone within the reactor which forms a boundary layer of a buffering flow along the reactor walls, (b) plasma torches that inject plasma into the central zone, and (c) air injection patterns that create a recirculation zone to promotes mixing between the high temperature products at the core reaction zone of the vessel and the buffering layer, wherein in the central zone, syngas and air/process additives mixture are ignited in close proximity to the plasma arc, coming into contact with each other, concurrently, at the entrance to the reaction chamber and method of using the system.

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Номер записи: 49
21-06-2018 дата публикации

FUEL UPGRADING BY REFORMING AND DEHYDROCRACKING

Номер: US20180169623A1
Автор: BEUTEL TILMAN W., Brody John F., CHOI Eugine, Colby Robert J., ILIAS Samia, Majano Gerardo J., MERCHANT Shamel, Strohmaier Karl G., Weigel Scott J., Weiss Brian M., Weissman Walter
Принадлежит:

Zn-promoted and/or Ga-promoted cracking catalysts, such as cracking catalysts comprising an MSE framework zeolite or an MFI framework zeolite can provide unexpectedly superior conversion of branched paraffins when used as part of a catalyst during reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The conversion and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel stream can occur, for example, in an internal combustion engine. The conversion and reforming can allow for formation of higher octane compounds from the branched paraffins. 1. A catalytic composition comprising:at least 5 wt % relative to a weight of the catalytic composition of a first catalyst comprising a support material and about 0.25 wt % to about 10 wt % Rh relative to the weight of the first catalyst;at least 10 wt % relative to a weight of the catalytic composition of a second catalyst comprising a zeolite having a largest ring size of an 8-member ring and about 0.25 wt % to about 10 wt % Rh relative to the weight of the second catalyst; andat least 20 wt % relative to a weight of the catalytic composition of a third catalyst comprising a MSE framework type zeolite, an MFI framework type zeolite, or a combination thereof, and further comprising about 0.2 wt % to about 3.0 wt % of Zn, Ga, or a combination thereof relative to a weight of the third catalyst.2. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic composition comprises a physical mixture of the first catalyst claim 1 , the second catalyst claim 1 , and the third catalyst.3. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the MSE framework type zeolite comprises MCM-68.4. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the MFI framework type zeolite comprises ZSM-5 claim 1 , the third catalyst further comprising about 0.1 wt % to about 5.0 wt % P relative to a weight of the third catalyst.5. The catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the third catalyst comprises about 0.7 wt % to about 2.5 wt % Ga claim 1 , wherein the third catalyst comprises about 0 ...

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Номер записи: 50
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Cement Processing

Номер: US20140261090A1
Автор: Anita S. Lee, Paul J. Berlowitz, Timothy Andrew Barckholtz
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for cement production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements including increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, and simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

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Номер записи: 51
22-06-2017 дата публикации

START-UP SYSTEM FOR STARTING REFORMING HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

Номер: US20170173554A1
Автор: Cai Rong, Lei Jianlin, Li Wenxia, Liang Wanguang, Ma Jin, Ma Yongfeng, Xiang Hua, Yang Weitao
Принадлежит:

The invention discloses a start-up system for starting reforming hydrogen production device, the reforming hydrogen production device and the start-up system adopt methanol-water mixture as feedstock, comprising a feed riser pipe, a flame tray, an upper cover body and an igniter, The flame tray and the upper cover body are disposed on the feed riser pipe from the bottom up; the middle part of the upper cover body is provided with an aperture in communication with the feed riser pipe, the methanol-water mixture feedstock may flow from the feed riser pipe up to the aperture and be exuded from the aperture and spread around along the upper side surface of the upper cover body until flowing into the flame tray. The present invention has high ignition success rate, large methanol-water mixture burning areas and combustion flame, and can quickly restart the reforming hydrogen production device. 1. A start-up system for starting a reforming hydrogen production device , the reforming hydrogen production device and the start-up system adopt methanol-water mixture as feedstock , and characterized by comprising a feed riser pipe , a flame tray , an upper cover body and an igniter , wherein the flame tray and the upper cover body are disposed on the feed riser pipe from the bottom up; the middle part of the upper cover body is provided with an aperture in communication with the feed riser pipe , the methanol-water mixture feedstock may flow from the feed riser pipe up to the aperture and be exuded from the aperture and spread around along the upper side surface of the upper cover body until flowing into the flame tray; and an ignition position of the igniter corresponds to the upper side surface of the upper cover body.2. The start-up system for starting the methanol-water mixture reforming hydrogen production device of claim 1 , characterized in that a lower cover body is further provided between the flame tray and the upper cover body claim 1 , wherein the lower cover body is ...

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Номер записи: 52
08-07-2021 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

Номер: US20210207036A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: Raven SR LLC

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving organic waste, steam, and carbon dioxide and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that a second portion of the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for cooling the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the means for cooling is a Brayton cycle turbine.4. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , further comprising means for pressurizing the second portion prior to said producing the first stream.5. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.6. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a ...

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Номер записи: 53
30-06-2016 дата публикации

Method for preparing synthetic fuel from natural gas of stranded gas field and associated gas from oil & gas fields by gtl-fpso process

Номер: US20160186071A1
Автор: Dong Ju Moon, Eun Hyeok YANG, Gi Hoon HONG, Jae Suk Lee, Jae Sun Jung, Na Young Kim, Sang Yong Lee, Sung Soo LIM, Young Su NOH
Принадлежит: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel on a vessel above a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field by a GTL-FPSO process, more particularly to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel with superior economic feasibility, productivity and efficiency using a compact GTL (gas to liquid) apparatus that can be used for a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field and an FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) process under a condition optimized for the ratio of carbon dioxide in the stranded gas field or the oil & gas field and an apparatus for the same.

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Номер записи: 54
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Номер: US20140272617A1
Автор: Frank H. Hershkowitz, Paul J. Berlowitz, Timothy Andrew Barckholtz
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO 2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO 2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

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Номер записи: 55
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Номер: US20140272632A1
Автор: Frank H. Hershkowitz, Kevin Taylor, Paul J. Berlowitz, Timothy Andrew Barckholtz
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing hydrocarbonaceous carbons. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during the synthesis process.

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Номер записи: 56
22-07-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20210221679A1
Автор: Foody Brian
Принадлежит:

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A process for producing methane for use in producing liquid fuel having renewable content , said process comprising:(a) providing methane produced from organic material that is renewable biomass comprising at least cellulose;(b) introducing the methane from step (a) into a pipeline for delivering methane to a fuel production facility; and (i) withdrawing methane from said pipeline for use at the fuel production facility;', '(ii) processing the methane from step (i) to produce renewable hydrogen;', {'sub': '2', '(iii) producing the liquid fuel having renewable content by a process comprising combining the renewable hydrogen from step (ii) with a crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in a reactor under conditions to hydrogenate the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of the renewable content of the liquid fuel is at least 20% lower than 98 kg COe/mmBTU.'}], '(c) arranging for the fuel production facility to use the methane, wherein the methane is used in a process for producing the liquid fuel having renewable content, which process comprises55. The process ...

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Номер записи: 57
22-07-2021 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING STEAM METHANE REFORMER

Номер: US20210221693A1
Автор: JAHNKE Fred C.
Принадлежит:

An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture includes a steam methane reformer and a COpump that comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream including oxygen and carbon dioxide and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream that includes greater than 95% hydrogen. 1. An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture comprising:a steam methane reformer; and{'sub': '2', 'a COpump comprising an anode and a cathode;'}wherein the cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream;wherein the first exhaust stream comprises oxygen and carbon dioxide; andwherein the second exhaust stream comprises greater than 95% hydrogen.2. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump comprises a reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system.3. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system comprises a molten carbonate fuel cell running in reverse.4. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reformed gas comprises a natural gas claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , carbon monoxide and water.5. (canceled)6. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump is configured to convert the residual methane from the steam methane reformer to hydrogen and to convert the carbon monoxide to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.7. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the first exhaust stream comprises greater than about 95% of the feed carbon dioxide.8. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is configured to output a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a ratio of between approximately 1:1 and 4:1.9. (canceled)10. The integrated system of claim 8 , wherein the system further includes a mechanism for transporting the carbon dioxide and oxygen back to the reformer.11. ...

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Номер записи: 58
13-07-2017 дата публикации

INCREASING CO/CO2 RATIO IN SYNGAS BY REVERSE WATER GAS SHIFT

Номер: US20170197829A1
Автор: Andersen Niels Ulrik
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

The present application relates to a production plant comprising—a synthesis gas generation step () arranged to receive a hydrocarbon or carboneous feedstock () and in a synthesis gas generation process provide a syngas, —a production step () arranged to receive the syngas and produce a product stream (), —a reverse water gas shift step () arranged to receive a H2 rich gas stream () and a C02 feed () and in a RWGS step obtain a reverse shifted gas stream (), and—means () for adding said reverse shifted gas stream () to the synthesis gas stream (). 1. Production plant comprisinga synthesis gas generation step arranged to receive a hydrocarbon or carboneous feed stock and in a synthesis gas generation process provide a syngasa production step arranged to receive the syngas and produce a product stream{'sub': 2', '2, 'a reverse water gas shift step arranged to receive a Hrich gas stream and a COfeed and in a RWGS step obtain a reverse shifted gas stream, and'}means for adding said reverse shifted gas stream to the synthesis gas stream.2. Production plant according to wherein the production step is a methanol synthesis loop arranged to receive the syngas/reverse shifted gas mixture and produce a Methanol-rich product stream.3. Production plant according to wherein the production step is a purification unit producing a product gas rich in Carbonmonoxide.4. Production plant according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas generation step is a reforming step claim 1 , a gasification step claim 1 , or a partial oxidation step.5. Production plant according to claim 1 , wherein the reverse shifted gas stream is provided downstream the synthesis gas generation step.6. Production plant according to claim 1 , wherein the RWGS step comprises a hydrogen recovery unit upstream the RWGS step.712. Production plant according to claim 1 , any of the proceeding claims wherein the Hrich gas stream is a purge gas from the production step.8. Production plant according to claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 59
27-06-2019 дата публикации

Metal/alpha-MOC1-X Load-Type Single-Atomic Dispersion Catalyst, Synthesis Method And Applications

Номер: US20190193060A1
Автор: Lin Lili, MA Ding, YAO Siyu
Принадлежит:

A metal/α-MoCload-type single-atomic dispersion catalyst, a synthesis method therefor, and applications thereof. The catalyst uses α-MoCas carrier, and has metal that has the mass fraction ranging from 1-100% and that is dispersed on carrier α-MoCin the single atom form. The catalyst provided in the present application can be adapted to a wide alcohol/water proportion in hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols, outstanding hydrogen production performance can be obtained at a variety of proportions, and catalysis performance of the catalyst is much higher than that of metal loaded with an oxide carrier. Especially when the metal is Pt, catalysis performance of the catalyst provided in the present application in the hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols is much higher than that of a Pt/α-MoCload-type catalyst on the α-MoCcarrier on which Pt is disposed on a layer form in the prior art. The hydrogen production performance of the catalyst provided in the present application can be higher than 20,000 hat the temperature of 190° C. 1. A metal/α-MoCsupported single-atomic dispersion catalyst , wherein α-MoCis used as a support , a metal is used as an active component , and 1-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein 10-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein 90-100% of the metal is dispersed on the support α-MoCin a single-atomic form.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal loaded amount is 0.01-50% by mass claim 1 , based on a total mass of the support.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal loaded amount is 0.01-10% by mass claim 1 , based on a total mass of the support.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein in the support α-MoC claim 1 , x is 0-0.9.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support α-MoChas a size of 1-30 nm.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 60
27-06-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR USING NATURAL GAS FUEL TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION HYDROGEN UNIT IN AN INTEGRATED FACILITY

Номер: US20190194017A1
Автор: Russell Bradley P.
Принадлежит:

A process is disclosed for increasing hydrogen recovery in an integrated refinery and petrochemical complex in which natural gas is used as a co-purge gas in a pressure swing adsorption unit. This natural gas is recovered in tail gas from the pressure swing adsorption unit. This process is useful for refinery off-gas and partial oxidation feeds. 1. A process for purifying a hydrogen containing feed with less than about 1 mol % carbon dioxide comprising sending said hydrogen containing feed to a pressure swing adsorption unit , purging said pressure swing adsorption unit with a methane containing stream comprising greater than about 80 mol % methane in the same flow direction as said hydrogen containing feed , recovering a product stream comprising more than about 99 mol % hydrogen and a fuel gas stream.2. The process of wherein said hydrogen containing feed comprises less than about 0.5 mol % carbon dioxide.3. The process of wherein said hydrogen containing feed comprises less than about 0.1 mol % carbon dioxide.4. The process of wherein said methane containing stream comprises less than about 2 mol % carbon dioxide.5. The process of wherein said hydrogen containing feed is a refinery off-gas stream.6. The process of wherein said natural gas stream displaces hydrogen from said pressure swing adsorption unit resulting in hydrogen recovery improvement of at least about 4 percentage points.7. The process of wherein said product stream comprises more than about 99.5 mol % hydrogen.8. The process of further comprising recovering said methane containing stream with a tail gas stream from said pressure swing adsorption unit.9. The process of further comprising purging said pressure swing adsorption unit in a counter-current direction with respect to said hydrogen containing feed with a second purge gas in addition to said methane containing stream.10. The process of wherein said second purge gas comprises more than about 95 mol % hydrogen.11. The process of wherein said ...

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Номер записи: 61
19-07-2018 дата публикации

STRUCTURED CATALYSTS FOR PRE-REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20180200695A1
Автор: Bae Joongmyeon, Bae Minseok, Katikaneni Sai P., LEE Sangho
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are structured catalysts, methods of making structured catalysts, and methods of using structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons. The structured catalysts contain a structured catalyst substrate, a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide; and a second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide. 1. A structured catalyst , comprising:a structured catalyst substrate;a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide and applied to a surface of the structured catalyst substrate; anda second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide and applied to the first coating.2. The structured catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second coating further contains ruthenium.3. The structured catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst substrate is a monolithic structured catalyst substrate.4. The structured catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the structured catalyst contains two or more layers of the second coating.5. A process for producing a structured catalyst claim 1 , comprising:applying a first coating to a surface of the structured catalyst substrate using a first coating solution containing a cerium-gadolinium oxide powder and a first binder to form a first coated structured catalyst substrate;calcining the first coated structured catalyst substrate to form a first calcined structured catalyst substrate;applying a second coating to surfaces of the first calcined structured catalyst substrate using a second coating solution containing a second binder and nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide to form a second coated structured catalyst substrate;calcining the second coated structured catalyst substrate to form a second calcined structured catalyst substrate; andactivating the second calcined structured catalyst substrate by heating in the presence of hydrogen to form a structured catalyst.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the structured catalyst substrate is a monolithic structured catalyst substrate.7. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 62
05-08-2021 дата публикации

Conversion of Ammonium Nitrate Into Useful Products

Номер: US20210238047A1
Автор: Jimell Erwin, Michael P. Hartmann
Принадлежит: Southwest Research Institute SwRI

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

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Номер записи: 63
13-08-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20150225233A1
Автор: Foody Brian
Принадлежит:

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A process for producing methane for use in producing a fuel , said process comprising:(a) providing a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane produced from organic material;(b) introducing a first amount of combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane from step (a) to apparatus for delivering methane to a fuel production facility; (i) withdrawing for use at the fuel production facility a second amount of combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane from the apparatus;', '(ii) processing the second amount of combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane to produce renewable hydrogen;', '(iii) producing the fuel having renewable content by a process comprising combining renewable hydrogen derived from the second amount of combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane with a crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in a reactor under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of the renewable content of the fuel is at least 20% lower than baseline emissions for gasoline; and, '(c) arranging for a fuel production facility to use the combustible ...

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Номер записи: 64
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Highly Robust Efficient Catalyst For Selective Dehydrogenation Of Neat Glycerol To Lactic Acid

Номер: US20170217870A1
Автор: DEMIANETS Ivan, LU ZHIYAO, Williams Travis J.
Принадлежит:

A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts: 2. The organometallic complex of wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , germanium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , technetium claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , silver claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , indium claim 1 , tin claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , promethium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , gadolimium claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , thalium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , rhenium claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , gold claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , thallium claim 1 , lead claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , polonium claim 1 , thorium claim 1 , protactinium claim 1 , uranium claim 1 , neptunium claim 1 , and plutonium.3. The organometallic complex of wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , and iron.4. The organometallic complex of wherein M is iridium.5. The organometallic complex of wherein Ris mesityl claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , sec-butyl claim 1 , or t-butyl.6. The organometallic complex of wherein Ris mesityl or methyl.7. The organometallic complex of wherein Rare independently an optionally substituted ...

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Номер записи: 65
02-08-2018 дата публикации

METHODS FOR REFORMATION OF GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS USING ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE

Номер: US20180215616A1
Автор: Cha Min Suk, ZHANG Xuming
Принадлежит:

Methods for the reformation of gaseous hydrocarbons are provided. The methods can include forming a bubble containing the gaseous hydrocarbon in a liquid. The bubble can be generated to pass in a gap between a pair of electrodes, whereby an electrical discharge is generated in the bubble at the gap between the electrodes. The electrodes can be a metal or metal alloy with a high melting point so they can sustain high voltages of up to about 200 kilovolts. The gaseous hydrocarbon can be combined with an additive gas such as molecular oxygen or carbon dioxide. The reformation of the gaseous hydrocarbon can produce mixtures containing one or more of H, CO, HO, CO, and a lower hydrocarbon such as ethane or ethylene. The reformation of the gaseous hydrocarbon can produce low amounts of COand HO, e.g. about 15 mol-% or less. 1. A method of reformation of a gaseous hydrocarbon , the method comprising the steps of:generating a bubble in a liquid, wherein the bubble comprises the gaseous hydrocarbon and the bubble is generated such that it passes through the liquid and in a gap between a pair of electrodes;producing an electrical discharge in the bubble at the gap between the pair of electrodes, wherein the electrical discharge causes the reformation of the gaseous hydrocarbon.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid has an electrical conductivity of about 0.1-1000000 μS/cm.34-. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bubble further comprises an additive gas.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the additive gas is selected from the group consisting of molecular oxygen (O) claim 5 , carbon dioxide (CO) claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bubble is generated using a bubble generator coupled to a gas source.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one electrode in the pair of electrodes comprises one or more openings coupled to a gas source and the bubble is generated using the electrode.914-. (canceled)15. The method of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 66
02-08-2018 дата публикации

Maximizing steam methane reformer combustion efficiency by pre-heating pre-reformed fuel gas

Номер: US20180215619A1
Автор: Benjamin J. Jurcik, Jr., Pavol Pranda, Robert A. Gagliano, Rong Fan, Taekyu Kang
Принадлежит: LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

An improved hydrogen generation system and method for using the same are provided. The system includes an HDS unit configured to remove sulfur, a first and second pre-reformers configured to pre-reform a process gas and fuel gas, respectively, a first and second heat exchangers configured to dry and heat the pre-reformed fuel gas, respectively, and a reformer configured to produce a syngas and flue gas. The method includes using a process stream selected from the group consisting of air, PSA off-gas, hydrocarbon gas, and combinations thereof to dry the fuel gas and using a process stream selected from the group consisting of the flue gas, the syngas, and combinations thereof to heat the dry fuel gas. The second pre-reformer is a low-pressure pre-reformer, so that the heat contents of the fuel gas is increased through converting heavy hydrocarbons in the fuel gas to CO and H 2 by the second pre-reformer.

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Номер записи: 67
11-07-2019 дата публикации

CONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION, METHOD OF MAKING SAME AND METHOD OF PROCESSING SAME TO PRODUCE FUELS AND/OR FISCHER-TROPSCH PRODUCTS

Номер: US20190210873A1
Автор: Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, Newport Dave D., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A conditioned syngas composition comprising:hydrogen;a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;a carbon dioxide concentration ranging from between 2 volume percent to 8 volume percent on a dry basis;an ethane concentration greater than 0 and less than 1 volume percent on a dry basis; andan ethylene concentration greater than 0 and less than 2 volume percent on a dry basis.2. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the hydrogen and carbon monoxide within the conditioned syngas composition ranges from between 55 volume percent to 95 volume percent of the syngas composition on a dry basis.3. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 2 , further comprising:a volatile organic compounds concentration between 1 parts per billion and 500 parts per million, wherein the volatile organic compounds include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene.4. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 2 , further comprising:a volatile organic compounds concentration between 10 parts per billion and 25 parts per million, wherein the volatile organic compounds include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene.5. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 4 , comprising:an ammonia concentration greater than 0 and less than 10 parts per billion;a sulfur concentration greater than 0 and less than 30 parts per billion; anda metal ...

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Номер записи: 68
11-07-2019 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING SULFUR-DEPLETED SYNGAS

Номер: US20190210874A1
Автор: Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, Newport Dave G., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi -volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method of producing sulfur-depleted syngas , the method comprising:(a) providing unconditioned syngas having an initial temperature and comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, sulfur and one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, and cresol;(b) after step (a), removing a first portion of the sulfur from the unconditioned syngas to produce a first sulfur-depleted syngas having a reduced amount of sulfur relative to the unconditioned syngas;(c) after step (b), compressing the first sulfur-depleted syngas to form a compressed syngas;(d) after step (c), removing at least a portion of the VOC from the compressed syngas to form a VOC depleted syngas having a reduced amount of VOC relative to the compressed syngas; and(e) after step (d), removing a second portion of sulfur from the VOC depleted syngas to produce a second sulfur-depleted syngas having a reduced amount of sulfur relative to the VOC depleted syngas.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:in step (a), steam reforming biomass to produce the unconditioned syngas.3. The method according to claim 2 , comprising:steam reforming biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide, thereby producing additional carbon dioxide, in addition to the unconditioned syngas.4. The method according to claim 3 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'providing a portion of the additional carbon dioxide as the source of the carbon dioxide in .'}5. The ...

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Номер записи: 69
11-07-2019 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

Номер: US20190211269A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: Raven SR LLC

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A method of reforming of organic waste material , comprising:producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide;providing to a waste reforming conversion system a supply of organic waste;mixing the organic waste with a first portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the first stream;reforming the mixture of the first stream and the waste with steam and carbon dioxide and producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas and heat; andusing a second portion from the second stream for said producing a first stream.2. The method of which further comprises controlling said producing a first stream to maintain a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide from about one and one half to about three and two tenths.3. The method of wherein said reforming does not include burning the waste or the portion of the first stream.4. The method of wherein said reforming is without the use of a catalyst.5. The method of which further comprises using the heat from said reforming to drive a heat engine and generator to produce electricity.6. The method of wherein said producing a first stream is with a Fischer-Tropsch reaction.7. The method of wherein said reforming is at a temperature from about one thousand five hundred degrees F. to about one thousand eight hundred degrees F.8. The method of wherein said using a second portion includes cooling the second portion ...

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Номер записи: 70
27-08-2015 дата публикации

Systems and methods for partial or complete oxidation of fuels

Номер: US20150238915A1
Автор: Andrew Tong, Elena Chung, Liang-Shih Fan, Mandar KATHE, William Wang
Принадлежит: Ohio State Innovation Foundation

A system used for converting multiple fuel feedstocks may include three reactors. The reactor system combination can be so chosen that one of the reactors completely or partially converts the fuel while the other generates the gaseous product required by utilizing the gaseous product from the second reactor. The metal-oxide composition and the reactor flow-patterns can be manipulated to provide the desired product. A method for optimizing the system efficiency where a pressurized gaseous fuel or a pressurized utility is used for applications downstream can be used to any system processing fuels and metal-oxide.

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Номер записи: 71
18-08-2016 дата публикации

FUEL-CELL REACTOR

Номер: US20160237355A1
Автор: BYNUM Roy A., HENSON Kevin M.
Принадлежит:

A reactor containing one or more spiral paths adapted to facilitate the reaction of feed stock, syn-gas with a catalyst or catalysts, for the purpose of synthesizing multiple longer chains of hydrocarbons where there the reactor is further adapted to manage the inflow of syn-gas feed stock, the outflow of hydrocarbon products the recycling of catalysts to ensure minimal maintenance interruptions, where the solid catalyst nodules are of a geometry and size contusive to fluid like movement through the reactor and through a regenerative catalysts management operation. The unit operates with minimal support infrastructure. 1. A system , comprising:a number of elements including:a Fischer-Tropsch reactor;an integrated power source;filter and processing equipment to extract impurities form air, water and short chain gaseous hydrocarbon feed stock;a boiler to produce high pressure steam;a methane to synthesis gas (syn-gas) reformer;a waste water purification system; anda catalyst management system;wherein the system is portable;wherein the elements are communicably coupled and are contained in a single housing of dimensions meeting intermodal shipping container requirements.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor allows at least one of catalyst removal claim 1 , inspection claim 1 , replacement regeneration claim 1 , or re-activation without reactor shutdown.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst management system removes catalysts from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor while it is in operation claim 1 , and inspects the catalyst for degradation.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst management system utilizes chemical and mechanical techniques to reactivate the catalyst and either reinsert it in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor or replace it from a ready supply.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst management system retains any replaced catalyst or chemicals for future use or disposal.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein waste product water is ...

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Номер записи: 72
16-08-2018 дата публикации

Reforming with Oxygen-Enriched Matter

Номер: US20180229209A1
Автор: DuBois Terry
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments that pertain to oxygen enrichment are described. Oxygen enrichment is shown to allow for independent control of both reformer residence time and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio during reforming. This allows for much better control over the reformer and for significant gains in reformer through-put without negative impacts to reformer performance. Additionally, the use of oxygen enriched reforming is shown to result in enhanced reformer performance, reduced degradation from catalyst poisons (carbon formation and sulfur) and enhanced fuel cell stack performance due to greatly increased hydrogen concentration in the reformate. 1. A method configured to be performed , at least in part , by at least part of a controller of a fuel system , the method comprising:identifying a desired residence time for a reaction set of a reformer that is part of the fuel system; andcausing the reformer to be supplied with a matter state at an oxygen-enrichment level to meet the desired residence time,where the oxygen-enrichment level of the matter state is higher than an oxygen-enrichment level of air.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising:identifying a fuel type for the fuel system; andsetting the desired residence time based, at least in part, on the fuel type.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising:checking if the reaction set is functioning with the desired residence time by way of measuring inlet flow rate of the reformer;determining how to change the oxygen-enrichment level to meet the desired residence time; andcausing supply of the matter state at the oxygen-enrichment level in view of the change to meet the desired residence time.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising:causing the reformer to be supplied with a fuel at a fuel rate, where the reformer uses the fuel and the matter state to perform the reaction set.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising:setting an operational temperature of the reformer by way of a molar oxygen-to-carbon ratio,where the temperature of the ...

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Номер записи: 73
16-08-2018 дата публикации

Reforming with Oxygen-Enriched Matter

Номер: US20180229210A1
Автор: DuBois Terry
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments that pertain to oxygen enrichment are described. Oxygen enrichment is shown to allow for independent control of both reformer residence time and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio during reforming. This allows for much better control over the reformer and for significant gains in reformer through-put without negative impacts to reformer performance. Additionally, the use of oxygen enriched reforming is shown to result in enhanced reformer performance, reduced degradation from catalyst poisons (carbon formation and sulfur) and enhanced fuel cell stack performance due to greatly increased hydrogen concentration in the reformate. 1. A fuel system controller , comprising:a recognition component that recognizes an operational temperature of a reformer;a temperature component that determines that the operational temperature of the reformer is not a desired temperature of the reformer;an evaluation component that evaluates the operational temperature against the desired temperature to produce an evaluation result;a modification component that determines how to modify a supply metric for the reformer to achieve the desired temperature of the reformer based, at least in part, on the evaluation result;a causation component that causes implementation of the supply metric in modified form; anda processor that executes at least one instruction associated with the recognition component, the temperature component, the evaluation component, the modification component, the causation component, or a combination thereof.2. The fuel system controller of claim 1 ,where the supply metric is an oxygen enrichment level of an oxygen-enriched gas supplied to the reformer and employed by the reformer to produce an energy.3. The fuel system controller of claim 2 ,where the operational temperature is different than the desired temperature such that the operational temperature indicates that an undesirable product is produced at a level that is unacceptable andwhere the supply metric ...

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Номер записи: 74
17-08-2017 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products using an absorption zone

Номер: US20170234613A1
Автор: Bryan K. Glover, Robert Edison Tsai, Tokhanh Ngo, William Yanez, Xin X. Zhu
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, a method comprises separating a reforming-zone effluent to form a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The net gas phase stream is compressed, partially condensed and cooled to form a partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream. The partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream is separated to form an intermediate gas phase stream. The intermediate gas phase stream is cooled to form a cooled intermediate gas phase stream. The liquid phase hydrocarbon stream is cooled to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The cooled intermediate gas phase stream is contacted with the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form an H 2 -rich stream and a cooled second intermediate liquid phase hydrocarbon stream that is enriched with C 3 /C 4 hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 75
30-08-2018 дата публикации

FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND FUEL CELL CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20180248210A1
Автор: YAGUCHI Tatsuya
Принадлежит: NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.

In a fuel cell system, a preceding-stage fuel cell and a following-stage fuel cell are connected via a fuel flow path. The fuel cell system includes a reformer that supplies reformed gas to the preceding-stage fuel cell; an acquisition unit that acquires the amount of heat generation and the amount of heat absorption of the preceding-stage fuel cell; and a control unit that controls at least one of the amount of current of the preceding-stage fuel cell, the flow rate of air to be supplied to the reformer, and the temperature of the preceding-stage fuel cell if the amount of heat absorption acquired by the acquisition unit is larger than the amount of heat generation acquired by the acquisition unit. 16.-. (canceled)7. A fuel cell system including a preceding-stage fuel cell and a following-stage fuel cell connected to the preceding-stage fuel cell via a fuel flow path , comprising:a reformer that reforms fuel and supplies reformed gas to the preceding-stage fuel cell; anda control unit that predicts an amount of heat generation of the preceding-stage fuel cell based on an amount of current of the preceding-stage fuel cell and predicts an amount of heat absorption of the preceding-stage fuel cell based on a flow rate of the fuel to be supplied to the reformer,wherein the control unit controls at least one of the amount of current of the preceding-stage fuel cell, a flow rate of air to be supplied to the reformer, and temperature of the preceding-stage fuel cell if the predicted amount of heat absorption is larger than the predicted amount of heat generation.8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7 , wherein the control unit sets an operating condition based on system efficiency being a product of reforming efficiency of the reformer claim 7 , power generation efficiency of the preceding-stage fuel cell and the following-stage fuel cell claim 7 , and a fuel usage ratio indicating a ratio of the fuel used for power generation to the fuel supplied to the fuel cell ...

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Номер записи: 76
06-09-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

Номер: US20180251372A1
Автор: Foody Brian
Принадлежит:

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A fuel comprising:a crude oil derived hydrocarbon hydrogenated with renewable hydrogen, said renewable hydrogen produced from one of (i) biogas derived from organic material, (ii) methane that qualifies as renewable, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii),wherein said crude oil derived hydrocarbon is associated with renewable content,said renewable content dependent on the renewable hydrogen.55. The fuel according to claim 54 , wherein said renewable content is sufficient for generating a renewable fuel credit.56. The fuel according to claim 54 , wherein at least one of the fuel claim 54 , the hydrogenated crude oil derived hydrocarbon claim 54 , the renewable content claim 54 , and the biogas is associated with a renewable fuel credit.57. The fuel according to claim 56 , wherein said renewable fuel credit evidences a certain lifecycle GHG emission reductions relative to a baseline set by a government authority.58. The fuel according to claim 57 , wherein said government authority is the United States Environmental Protection Agency.59. The fuel according to claim 57 , wherein said government authority ...

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Номер записи: 77
20-09-2018 дата публикации

Microwave Reforming Apparatus for Gas Reforming

Номер: US20180265356A1
Автор: Chun Young-Nam
Принадлежит: Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Chosun University

The present disclosure relates to a microwave reforming apparatus for gas reforming, and provides a new technology of converting carbon dioxide which is a main greenhouse gas generated during combustion, pyrolysis/gasification, and operation of fossil fuels, methane, and dispersions thereof into high-quality fuels. A microwave reforming apparatus according to the present disclosure uses a carbon receptor and thus can solve the conventional problem of price of catalyst and also enables compactification of a device, rapid startup and response time in several seconds, and application of various kinds of product gases including polymer hydrocarbon. Also, the microwave reforming apparatus according to the present disclosure uses its own internal reaction heat at the time of reforming and thus can maintain the optimum operating conditions for a wide range of flow rate and gas properties. Therefore, it is possible to solve the conventional problem with the time required for normal operation and the efficiency of a reforming apparatus. 1. A microwave reforming apparatus for gas reforming , the microwave reforming apparatus comprising:a microwave cavity chamber;one or more magnetrons provided on an internal wall surface of the microwave cavity chamber;a power supply unit connected to the magnetron;one or more carbon receptor reactors positioned within the microwave cavity chamber;an injecting gas supply unit communicating with an upper part of the carbon receptor reactor; anda reforming gas discharge unit communicating with a lower part of the carbon receptor reactor.2. The microwave reforming apparatus for gas reforming of claim 1 , wherein the injecting gas includes one or more kinds of biogases selected from the group consisting of CHand CO.3. The microwave reforming apparatus for gas reforming of claim 1 , wherein the reforming gas includes Hand CO gases.4. The microwave reforming apparatus for gas reforming of claim 1 , wherein the carbon receptor reactor has a ...

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Номер записи: 78
27-09-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING PYROLYSIS TAIL GAS THROUGH CONVERSION INTO FORMIC ACID

Номер: US20180273846A1
Автор: Garcia-Perez Manuel, Walter Joshua C.
Принадлежит:

This disclosure describes systems and methods for using pyrolysis tail gas as the source for additional hydrogen to be used in the pyrolysis reaction. Tail gas is separated from the pyrolysis products and a portion of the tail gas is converted into formic acid (HCOOH). The formic acid is then injected into the pyrolysis reactor where it becomes the donor of two monohydrogen atoms and is ultimately converted into COunder reaction conditions. In this fashion, a closed loop pyrolysis hydrogen donor system may be created utilizing a generally non-toxic intermediary derived from the pyrolysis reaction products. This disclosure also describes using a ruthenium catalyst supported on particles of activated carbon to improve the yield of pyrolysis reactions. 1. A method comprising:providing a first stream containing at least some methane and supercritical carbon dioxide;converting at least some of the methane and carbon dioxide in the first stream into formic acid; andinjecting at least some of the formic acid into a pyrolysis reaction.2. The method of wherein the first stream is derived from pyrolysis reaction products.3. The method of further comprising:pyrolyzing feedstock to generate the pyrolysis reaction products.4. The method of wherein the first stream includes at least some tail gas from pyrolyzed feedstock.5. The method of further comprising:maintaining the carbon dioxide in the supercritical state during the converting operation.6. The method of further comprising:mixing the formic acid with feedstock to obtain a feedstock and formic acid mixture; andpyrolyzing the feedstock and formic acid mixture to generate pyrolysis reaction products including at least some tail gas from the feedstock.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the mixing further comprises:mixing the formic acid and the feedstock at a temperature less than 100° C. and a pressure less than 1 MPa.8. The method of wherein the pyrolysis is performed using supercritical carbon dioxide at a first temperature ...

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Номер записи: 79
18-12-2014 дата публикации

HEAT EXCHANGE TYPE PREREFORMER

Номер: US20140369900A1
Автор: Kim Taehee, Lee Gipung, Lee Taewon, Park Jongseung, YUN CHOAMUN
Принадлежит: DOOSAN HEAVY INDUSTRIES & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

The present invention provides a heat exchange type prereformer comprising a shell side having a channel to which cathode exhaust gas is supplied and through which cathode exhaust gas flows so that heat can be exchanged between the cathode exhaust gas and the mixture gas supplied for preforming; a catalyst layer arranged so as to overlap one area of the shell side and formed to cause the mixture gas to have a prereforming reaction; and a tube side connected to the catalyst layer and arranged so as to overlap the other area of the shell side and formed to cause the prereformed mixture gas to exchange heat with the cathode exhaust gas. 110-. (canceled)11. A heat exchange type prereformer , comprising:a shell side through which an exhaust gas of a cathode flows;a catalyst layer disposed to overlap with one region of the shell side and configured so that a mixture gas is introduced and a prereforming reaction is performed; anda tube side disposed to overlap with the other region of the shell side and formed so that the prereformed mixture gas is introduced and subject to a heat exchange with the exhaust gas flowing through the shell side.12. The heat exchange type prereformer of claim 11 , wherein baffles are install to form a channel by partitioning an internal space of the shell side and to control a flow of the exhaust gas flowing within the shell side are installed in the shell side.13. The heat exchange type prereformer of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst layer and the tube side are extended and formed in one direction.14. The heat exchange type prereformer of claim 13 , wherein the baffles installed within the shell side are disposed in a direction vertical to a direction in which the catalyst layer and the tube side are extended.15. The heat exchange type prereformer of claim 11 , wherein the tube side is disposed adjacent to one end of the shell side into which the exhaust gas is introduced.16. The heat exchange type prereformer of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 80
20-08-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR RECOVERING LPG FROM A REFORMING-ZONE EFFLUENT

Номер: US20200263922A1
Автор: Ghosh Sudipta K., Goyal Amit, Tsai Robert E., Vu Thuy T., Yanez William, Zhu Xin X.
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, a method comprises separating a reforming-zone effluent into a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The net gas phase stream is separated for forming an H-rich stream and a first liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The H-rich stream may be contacted with an adsorbent to form an H-ultra rich stream and a gas stream. C/Chydrocarbons are absorbed from the gas stream with the liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The gas stream may be contacted with an H/hydrocarbon separation membrane to separate the PSA tail gas stream and form an H-rich permeate stream and an Hdepleted non-permeate residue stream. 1. A process for recovering C/Chydrocarbons from a reformate effluent stream , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '5', '6', '2', '5, 'sup': −', '+', '−', '+, 'separating, in a first separation zone, a reforming-zone effluent comprising H, C hydrocarbons, and Chydrocarbons, including aromatics, to form a net gas phase stream comprising Chydrocarbons and Hand a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream comprising Chydrocarbons including aromatics;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '4, 'sup': '−', 'separating, in a second separation zone, the net gas phase stream to form a first Hrich-stream and a gas stream that comprises H, and C hydrocarbons;'}cooling the gas stream to a temperature between approximately 15.6 and 71.1° C. (60 and 160° F.) to form a cooled gas stream;cooling the liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to a temperature between approximately 15.6 and 71.1° C. (60 and 160° F.) to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream; and,{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '4, 'absorbing C/Chydrocarbons from the cooled gas stream with the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream in an absorbing zone to form a fuel gas stream and a C/Cenriched liquid phase hydrocarbon stream.'}2. The process of further comprising:compressing the gas stream prior to cooling the gas stream ...

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Номер записи: 81
03-09-2020 дата публикации

CATALYST COLUMN AND THERMAL CRACKING SYSTEM

Номер: US20200277530A1
Автор: WANG Hsiao-Nan
Принадлежит:

According to one aspect of the invention, a catalyst tower is provided, which comprises a gas inlet and a catalyst holding plate set therein. The gas inlet is the opening where the catalyst tower and the upstream piping connects with one another. The distance between the gas inlet and the catalyst holding plate is directly proportional to the difference in diameter between the catalyst tower and the upstream piping. 1. An apparatus , comprising:means for receiving a gas stream; anda plate for holding a bed of chemicals, wherein said plate is set in said means and said bed of chemicals is used for treating said gas stream;wherein a diameter of said means is equal to or greater than 4.5 times that of an opening on said means through which said gas stream enters said means.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising means for generating said gas stream from a reactant selected from a group consisting of the following claim 1 , or combinations thereof: waste plastic claim 1 , waste tire claim 1 , and waste oil.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said plate is apart from said opening by a distance claim 1 , the ratio of said distance to the diameter of said means having a value equal to or greater than 0.4.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said treatment of said gas stream is reformation or purification of said gas stream.5. (canceled)6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising means for generating said gas stream claim 1 , the ratio of the capacity of said gas-receiving means to said gas-generating means having a value between 1/15 and ⅛.7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein said gas-generating means is a rotary reactor.8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising means for generating said gas stream claim 1 , the ratio of the diameter of said gas-receiving means to said gas-generating means having a value between ⅓ and 1.9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said gas-generating ...

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Номер записи: 82
29-10-2015 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20150311550A1
Автор: Kusumura Koichi, Tamura Yoshio
Принадлежит:

A hydrogen generator includes: a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material gas; a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in the raw material gas; a recycle passage through which the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the raw material gas before the raw material gas flows into the hydro-desulfurizer; an ejector which is disposed on a raw material gas passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer and into which the hydrogen-containing gas flows from the recycle passage; and a heater operative to heat the ejector. 1. A hydrogen generator comprising:a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material gas;a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in the raw material gas;a recycle passage through which the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the raw material gas before the raw material gas flows into the hydro-desulfurizer;an ejector which is disposed on a raw material gas passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer and into which the hydrogen-containing gas flows from the recycle passage; anda heater operative to heat the ejector.2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , further comprising a booster operative to supply the raw material gas to the reformer claim 1 , whereinthe ejector is disposed on the raw material gas passage provided downstream of the booster.3. The hydrogen generator according to claim 2 , wherein the heater heats the recycle passage.4. The hydrogen generator according to claim 2 , wherein the heater heats the reformer.5. A fuel cell system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the hydrogen generator according to ; and'}a fuel cell operative to generate electric power by using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein:the fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell;a hot module in which the reformer and the fuel cell are ...

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Номер записи: 83
26-10-2017 дата публикации

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS TO FUELS

Номер: US20170306244A1
Автор: Behl Mayank, HENSLEY Jesse, RUDDY Daniel A., SCHAIDLE Joshua A.
Принадлежит:

This disclosure relates to catalysts and processes designed to convert DME and/or methanol and hydrogen (H) to desirable liquid fuels. These catalysts produce the fuels efficiently and with a high selectivity and yield, and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons by incorporating Hinto the products. This disclosure also describes process methods to further upgrade these fuels to higher molecular weight liquid fuel mixtures, which have physical properties comparable with current commercially used liquid fuels. 114-. (canceled)15. A method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting at least one of dimethyl ether (DME) or methanol with hydrogen (H) and a solid catalyst to produce a mixture comprising at least one of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene, wherein the solid catalyst comprisesa beta zeolite;metallic copper deposited on a surface of the beta zeolite;a total acid content between about 1900 μmol/g and about 2100 μmol/g; anda ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites between about 0.5 and about 2.5.16. (canceled)17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:contacting at least a portion of the mixture with an acid catalyst comprising styrenic-divinyl benzene having sulfonic groups, wherein:the contacting of the at least a portion of the mixture couples a first fraction of the mixture with a second fraction of the mixture to produce a second mixture.1821-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the second mixture comprises at least one of 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6-heptamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,4 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2-dimethyl-3-octene claim 17 , or 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,4 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,8 claim 17 ,8-heptamethyl-4-nonene.23. ...

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Номер записи: 84
12-11-2015 дата публикации

FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATING A POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20150321155A1
Автор: Kim Kihyung, Tong Leslie Yung-Min
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

A fuel delivery system is provided. The system includes a natural gas reformer configured to receive a flow of natural gas and a flow of air. The natural gas reformer combines the natural gas and the air in a reaction to produce a flow of reformate gas. The system also includes a mixing device coupled downstream from the natural gas reformer. The mixing device is configured to selectively mix amounts of the reformate gas, vaporized liquid fuel, and natural gas to produce a flow of mixed product fuel having predetermined operating parameters. 1. A fuel delivery system comprising:a natural gas reformer configured to receive a flow of natural gas and a flow of air, said natural gas reformer combining the natural gas and the air in a reaction to produce a flow of reformate gas; anda mixing device coupled downstream from said natural gas reformer, said mixing device configured to selectively mix amounts of the reformate gas, vaporized liquid fuel, and natural gas to produce a flow of mixed product fuel having predetermined operating parameters.2. The system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said mixing device selectively mixes the reformate gas claim 1 , the vaporized liquid fuel claim 1 , and the natural gas to produce the flow of mixed product fuel having predetermined operating parameters including at least one of temperature claim 1 , composition claim 1 , or Modified Wobbe Index.3. The system in accordance with further comprising an enclosure comprising an internal cavity sized to receive said natural gas reformer claim 1 , said internal cavity sized to channel a flow of liquid fuel therethrough claim 1 , wherein said natural gas reformer reacts the natural gas and the air in an exothermic reaction that generates heat utilized to vaporize the flow of liquid fuel.4. The system in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said enclosure is configured to channel the flow of liquid fuel past a thermally conductive outer surface of said natural gas reformer to facilitate ...

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Номер записи: 85
12-11-2015 дата публикации

Process for reforming hydrocarbons

Номер: US20150321913A1
Автор: Lari Bjerg Knudsen, Martin Frahm Jensen
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe AS

The invention relates to the production of synthesis gas by means of particularly a series arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages, in which the heat required for the reforming reactions in the heat exchange reforming stage, is provided by hot effluent synthesis gas from the autothermal reforming stage. More particularly, the invention relates to optimisation of the operation and control of an arrangement of heat exchange reforming and autothermal reforming stages and introduction of an additional waste heat boiler.

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Номер записи: 86
03-10-2019 дата публикации

REFORMING USING SULFUR-TOLERANT REFORMING CATALYST

Номер: US20190300364A1
Автор: BARRY Herbert W., BEUTEL TILMAN W., Brody John F., Majano Sanchez Gerardo J., Mao Kanmi, Weiss Brian M., Weissman Walter
Принадлежит:

Sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts that include bulk alumina in the catalyst support are provided. The sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts can include a sulfur-tolerant catalytic metal to facilitate reforming. The catalyst can further include a support material that includes at least some alumina as bulk alumina and/or octahedrally coordinated alumina. The sulfur-tolerant reforming catalysts can be regenerated, such as periodically regenerated, under relatively mild conditions that allow the catalysts to maintain reforming activity in the presence of 1 vppm to 1000 vppm of sulfur in the feed for reforming. 1. A method for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing stream , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'exposing a hydrocarbon-containing stream comprising 0.1 vppm or more of sulfur to a catalyst in the presence of at least one of HO and COunder reforming conditions to form a reformed product comprising H, and'}{'sub': '2', 'exposing the catalyst to a stream comprising 0.1 vol % or more of Oat a regeneration temperature for a regeneration time period,'}wherein the catalyst comprises 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % of a Group VIII metal on a sulfur-tolerant support comprising bulk alumina.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is periodically exposed to a stream comprising 0.1 vol % or more of Oat a regeneration temperature for a regeneration time period.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration temperature comprises 200° C. to 700° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reforming conditions comprise a reforming time period claim 1 , and wherein a molar ratio of Odelivered during the regeneration time period to sulfur exposed to the catalyst during the reforming time period is 20 or more.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-tolerant support comprises 1.0 wt % to 80 wt % alumina claim 1 , or wherein the sulfur-tolerant support comprises 1.0 mol % to 80 mol % of at least one of silicon claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , or zirconium relative to the sum of the ...

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Номер записи: 87
10-11-2016 дата публикации

SPHEROIDAL ALUMINA PARTICLES WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL STRENGTH HAVING A MACROPOROUS MEDIAN DIAMETER IN THE RANGE 0.05 TO 30 um

Номер: US20160325269A1
Автор: Bazer-Bachi Delphine, Dalmazzone Christine, Dandeu Aurelie, DIEHL Fabrice, Le Corre Vincent, Lopez Joseph, TALEB Anne Lise
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention concerns spheroidal alumina particles characterized by a BET specific surface area in the range 150 to 300 m/g, a mean particle diameter in the range 1.2 to 3 mm and a particle diameter dispersion, expressed as the standard deviation, not exceeding 0.1, a total pore volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, in the range 0.50 to 0.85 mL/g, a degree of macroporosity within a particle of less than 30%, and in which the dispersion of the diameters of the macropores, expressed as the ratio D90/D50, does not exceed 8. 1. Spheroidal alumina particles characterized by a BET specific surface area in the range 150 to 300 m/g , a mean particle diameter in the range 1.2 to 3 mm and a particle diameter dispersion , expressed as the standard deviation , not exceeding 0.1 , a total pore volume , measured by mercury porosimetry , in the range 0.50 to 0.85 mL/g , a degree of macroporosity within a particle of less than 30% , and in which the dispersion of the diameters of the macropores , expressed as the ratio D90/D50 , does not exceed 8.2. The spheroidal alumina particles according to claim 1 , in which the value for the settled packing density is in the range 0.4 to 0.8 g/mL.3. The spheroidal alumina particles according to claim 1 , in which the mean grain crushing strength value is at least 25 N.4. The spheroidal alumina particles according to claim 1 , in which the total pore volume claim 1 , measured by mercury porosimetry claim 1 , is in the range 0.60 to 0.85 mL/g.5. The spheroidal alumina particles according to claim 1 , in which the dispersion of the diameters of the macropores claim 1 , expressed as the ratio of the diameters D90/D50 claim 1 , does not exceed 6.6. A process for the production of spheroidal alumina particles according claim 1 , comprising the following steps:a) preparing a suspension comprising water, an acid and at least one boehmite powder,b) adding a solid pore-forming agent having a particle size in the range 0.05 to 30 μm to the ...

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Номер записи: 88
10-11-2016 дата публикации

ELECTRICALLY HEATED STEAM REFORMING REACTOR

Номер: US20160325990A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит:

What has been achieved by this invention is a method and design of providing high temperature heat for an endothermic gasifier without combustion using electrical resistance immersion heating element technology. Further, these elements could be heated by three phase electrical power; thus, minimizing the number of electrical leads emerging from the top of the heating elements. 1. A method for high temperature gasification , comprising:flowing a stream of a first hydrocarbon gas from an inlet at the bottom of a cylindrically annular plenum toward a top outlet;electrically heating the flowing first gas along the axial length of the annular plenum;flowing the heated gas from the top outlet to a top inlet of a cylindrical plenum and toward a bottom outlet;electrically heating the flowing gas along the axial length of the cylindrical plenum;converting the first hydrocarbon gas to a syngas by said heating in at least one of the annular or cylindrical plenums; andremoving the syngas from the bottom outlet.2. The method of which further comprises first flowing the stream of the first hydrocarbon gas from an entrance of a bottom annular plenum toward the bottom inlet.3. The method of which further comprises transferring heat from the syngas proximate the bottom outlet to the first gas in the bottom annular plenum.4. The method of wherein the bottom annular plenum includes a plurality of heat transfer fins.5. The method of which further comprises flowing the removed syngas from the bottom outlet over a heat sink.6. The method of wherein the heat sink is a radiative heat sink.7. The method of wherein the heat sink is aerodynamically shaped to minimize resistance to the flow of the syngas.8. The method of which further comprises transferring heat from the heat sink to the first hydrocarbon gas.9. The method of wherein said transferring heat is by radiation and convection.10. The method of wherein said transferring heat is substantially by radiation.11. The method of wherein ...

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Номер записи: 89
09-11-2017 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Reducing CO2 in a Stream by Conversion to a Syngas for Production of Energy

Номер: US20170321135A1
Автор: Young Gary C.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for producing Syngas from the COin a gaseous stream, such as an exhaust stream, from a power plant or industrial plant, like a cement kiln, is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes providing the gaseous stream to pyrolysis reactor along with a carbon source such as coke. The COand carbon are heated to about 1330° C. and at about one atmosphere with reactants such as steam such that a reaction takes place that produces Syngas, carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H). The Syngas is then cleaned and provided to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce Ethanol or Bio-catalytic synthesis reactor. 1. An apparatus for producing syngas that reduces an amount of carbon dioxide in a gaseous stream , the apparatus comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a reaction chamber, said reaction chamber selected to be one of a pyrolysis reactor, a conventional gasifier or a plasma arc gasifier and wherein said reaction chamber includes a input line for receiving a gaseous stream provided by a source separate from said reaction chamber, and said reaction chamber capable of operating at a preferred temperature of about 1330° C. and up to about 2000° C. and a pressure of about one bar or greater and capable of supporting a reaction in said reaction chamber to form syngas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H), and carbon dioxide (CO);'}a source of carbonaceous material provided as a feed to said reaction chamber;{'sub': '2', 'a source of HO provided as a feed to said reaction chamber;'}{'sub': '2', 'a selected one of a power plant or an industrial plant capable of providing said gaseous stream from said separate source as a feed to said reaction chamber at said input line, said gaseous stream being a gaseous exhaust containing between about 30% to about 45% carbon dioxide (CO);'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'said reaction chamber further capable of supporting a reaction that consists essentially of said carbonaceous material, said HO and said carbon dioxide (CO) in ...

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Номер записи: 90
09-11-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND PLANT FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING OXIDATION-REDUCTION COMBUSTION OF A GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK WITH IN-SITU CATALYTIC REFORMING OF THE FEED

Номер: US20170321887A1
Автор: BERTHOLIN Stephane, CLOUPET Ann, Guillou Florent, PELLETANT William, SOZINHO Tiago, STAINTON Hélène, YAZDANPANAH Mahdi
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method and to a plant for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion (CLC) of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, for example natural gas essentially containing methane. According to the invention, catalytic reforming of the feed is performed within the reduction zone where combustion of the feed is conducted on contact with an oxidation-reduction active mass in form of particles. The reforming catalyst comes in form of untransported fluidized particles within the reduction zone. The catalyst thus confined in the reduction zone does not circulate in the CLC loop. 1. A method for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed , comprising:performing combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed within a fluidized-bed reduction zone through contact with a redox active mass in form of particles,performing catalytic reforming of said feed within said reduction zone on contact with a reforming catalyst distinct from the redox active mass, said catalyst coming in form of untransported fluidized particles within said reduction zone,performing combustion of the syngas produced by catalytic reforming within said reduction zone through contact with said redox active mass,sending to a fluidized-bed oxidation zone the redox active mass particles that have stayed in the reduction zone in order to oxidize said redox active mass particles through contact with an oxidizing gas stream.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the size of said catalyst particles is so selected that said particles have a minimum fluidization velocity Ulower than a given gas velocity Vin the reduction zone and a terminal free fall velocity Ugreater than said gas velocity V.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the size of the catalyst particles ranges between 1 mm and 30 mm claim 1 , preferably between 1.5 mm and 5 mm.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein gas velocity Vin the reduction zone ranges between 3 m/s and 15 m/s claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 91
01-10-2020 дата публикации

Integrated process for maximizing recovery of hydrogen

Номер: US20200308496A1
Автор: Deepak BISHT, Gautam Madhusadan Pandey, Krishna Mani, Priyesh Jayendrakumar Jani, Ram Ganesh Rokkam, Vikrant Vilasrao Dalal
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An integrated process for maximizing recovery of hydrogen is provided. The process comprises: providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone, wherein the hydrogen stream is obtained from at least one of a hydrocracking zone, a transalkylation zone, and an isomerization zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a net hydrogen stream and a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG). At least a portion of the net hydrogen stream is recycled to the reforming zone as the hydrogen stream.

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Номер записи: 92
17-10-2019 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID AND HYDROGEN IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM FROM ETHANOL AND ACETALDEHYDE VIA AN ORGANIC/INORGANIC CATALYST

Номер: US20190315672A1
Автор: Albahily Khalid, Alderman Nicholas P., Gambarotta Sandro, Peneau Virginie, Vidjayacoumar Balamurugan
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are methods and systems of producing acetic acid and hydrogen from a two carbon (C) alcohol source, the method comprising (a) obtaining a homogeneous aqueous solution comprising a Calcohol source and an organoruthenium (II) halide catalyst; and (b) subjecting the homogeneous aqueous solution to conditions suitable to produce a product stream comprising acetic acid and hydrogen. 1. A method of producing acetic acid and hydrogen from a two carbon (C) alcohol source , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', '(a) obtaining a homogeneous aqueous solution comprising water, a solvent having a boiling point great than 70° C., a Calcohol source and a organoruthenium (II) halide dimer catalyst; and'}(b) reacting the homogeneous aqueous solution at a temperature of 30° C. to 100° C. to produce a product stream comprising acetic acid and hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Calcohol source is ethanol claim 1 , hydrated acetaldehyde claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Calcohol source is ethanol.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Calcohol source is hydrated acetaldehyde.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrated acetaldehyde source is acetaldehyde.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organoruthenium (II) halide catalyst comprises an aromatic compound claim 1 , a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the organoruthenium (II) halide catalyst is benzeneruthenium(II) chloride dimer claim 6 , or dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium dimer claim 6 , or a mixture thereof.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the organoruthenium (II) halide dimer catalyst is benzeneruthenium(II) chloride dimer.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the organoruthenium (II) halide dimer catalyst is dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium dimer.10. The method claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature is 50° C. to 80° C. claim 1 , or 65 to 75° C.11. (canceled)12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is acetonitrile claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 93
17-10-2019 дата публикации

EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Номер: US20190316505A1
Автор: FUJIHARA KIYOSHI, Nishioka Hiromasa, NOTAKE Yasumasa, SAKUMA Tetsuya, TAKADA Keishi
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

An exhaust treatment catalyst () is arranged in the engine exhaust passage, and hydrogen generated in the reformer () is supplied through the hydrogen supply pipe () to the inside of the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst (). Heat exchange fins () for heat exchange with exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the engine exhaust passage are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe () inserted inside the engine exhaust passage. 1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine comprising:a reformer,an exhaust treatment catalyst arranged in an engine exhaust passage,a hydrogen supply pipe inserted inside the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst, hydrogen generated in the reformer being supplied to the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst via the hydrogen supply pipe, andheat exchange fins formed on an outer circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe for heat exchange with exhaust gas flowing through an inside of the engine exhaust passage.2. The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein heat exchange fins for heat exchange with reformed gas containing hydrogen and flowing through the inside of the hydrogen supply pipe are further formed on an inner circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe.3. The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein a swirl flow generator imparting a swirl flow about an axis of the hydrogen supply pipe to reformed gas containing hydrogen flowing through the inside of the hydrogen supply pipe is arranged inside of the hydrogen supply pipe.4. The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein a front end part of the hydrogen supply pipe extends from outside of an exhaust pipe through a wall of the exhaust pipe to the inside of the exhaust pipe and is ...

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Номер записи: 94
24-11-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRATED REFORMER AND SYNGAS SEPARATOR

Номер: US20160344051A1
Автор: Hotto Robert
Принадлежит:

A reformer assembly for a fuel cell includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube. With this combination of structure. 1. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tube comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wall of the main tube segment; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.2. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tribe comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wail of the main tube segment;at least one tube disposed centrally in the main tube segment and defining a second output at one end of the hydrogen-permeable tube for outputting at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent includes hydrogen.4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the input ...

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Номер записи: 95
03-12-2015 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS, FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME, METHOD OF OPERATING HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF OPERATING FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20150349364A1
Автор: ASO Tomonori, IIYAMA Shigeru, Taguchi Kiyoshi, Tatsui Hiroshi, Yukimasa Akinori
Принадлежит:

A hydrogen generation apparatus according to the present invention includes: a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas through a reforming reaction; a combustor configured to heat the reformer; an air supply device configured to supply air to the combustor; a fuel supply device configured to supply a fuel to the combustor; a CO detector configured to detect a carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas discharged from the combustor; and a controller configured to control at least one of the air supply device and the fuel supply device to increase an air ratio in the combustor such that the CO concentration in the flue gas increases, and then test the CO detector for abnormality. 1. A hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas through a reforming reaction;a combustor configured to heat the reformer;an air supply device configured to supply air to the combustor;a fuel supply device configured to supply a fuel to the combustor;a CO detector configured to detect a carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas discharged from the combustor; anda controller configured to control at least one of the air supply device and the fuel supply device to increase an air ratio in the combustor such that the CO concentration in the flue gas increases, and then test the CO detector for abnormality.2. The hydrogen generation apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinif the controller determines that there is an abnormality in the CO detector, the controller stops the hydrogen generation apparatus from operating.3. The hydrogen generation apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinif the controller determines that there is an abnormality in the CO detector, the controller prohibits restart of the hydrogen generation apparatus.4. The hydrogen generation apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a notification device configured to give a notification that there is an abnormality in the CO detector.5. The ...

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Номер записи: 96
01-12-2016 дата публикации

Reforming with Oxygen-Enriched Matter

Номер: US20160346755A1
Автор: DuBois Terry
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments that pertain to oxygen enrichment are described. Oxygen enrichment is shown to allow for independent control of both reformer residence time and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio during reforming. This allows for much better control over the reformer and for significant gains in reformer through-put without negative impacts to reformer performance. Additionally, the use of oxygen enriched reforming is shown to result in enhanced reformer performance, reduced degradation from catalyst poisons (carbon formation and sulfur) and enhanced fuel cell stack performance due to greatly increased hydrogen concentration in the reformate. 1. A system , comprising:a separator configured to separates an air into an oxygen-enriched portion and a nitrogen-enriched portion; anda reformer configured to produce an energy from at least a fuel and an oxygen-based gas;where the separator supplies the oxygen-enriched portion to the reformer andwhere the reformer uses the oxygen-enriched portion as the oxygen-based gas.2. The system of claim 1 ,where the reformer is configured to use the oxygen-enriched portion and a first quantity of the fuel to create a set temperature,where the reformer is configured to use the air and a second quantity of the fuel to create the set temperature, andwhere the first quantity of the fuel is smaller than the second quantity of fuel.3. The system of claim 2 ,where the reformer is configured to use more of the fuel to produce the energy with the oxygen-enriched portion over the air since less of the fuel is used to create the set temperature andwhere an amount of the energy produced by the reformer is greater with the oxygen-enriched portion than the air since more of the fuel is available since less of the fuel is used to create the set temperature.4. The system of claim 1 , where the separator separates the air through use of a polymer membrane.5. The system of claim 1 ,where a flow rate of the oxygen-enriched portion is less than a flow rate of ...

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Номер записи: 97
14-11-2019 дата публикации

REFORMER INCLUDING CATALYST IN AN INLET PLENUM

Номер: US20190345030A1
Автор: DAVIES James, MARGIOTT Paul
Принадлежит:

An illustrative example reformer includes a housing having an inlet plenum, a reforming section, and an outlet. The inlet plenum includes a catalyst situated where a source fluid passing through the inlet plenum will be exposed to the catalyst prior to entering the reforming section. 1. A reformer , comprising:a housing including an inlet and an outlet;a reforming section in the housing;an inlet plenum in the housing between the inlet and the reforming section; anda catalyst situated in the inlet plenum where a source fluid passing through the inlet plenum will be exposed to the catalyst prior to entering the reforming section.2. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the inlet plenum includes a mesh container and the catalyst is in the mesh container.3. The reformer of claim 2 , wherein the mesh container comprises a tube of mesh material.4. The reformer of claim 3 , wherein the tube comprises a cylinder having coaxial inner and outer mesh walls and the catalyst is situated between the inner and outer mesh walls.5. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a pre-reformer catalyst.6. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises nickel.7. A method of reforming a source fluid claim 1 , the method comprising:directing the source fluid through an inlet plenum of a reformer;exposing at least some of the source fluid to a catalyst in the inlet plenum; andreforming the exposed source fluid after it exits the inlet plenum.8. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst comprises a pre-reformer catalyst.9. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst comprises nickel.10. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst in the inlet plenum is situated in a mesh container and exposing the source fluid to the catalyst comprises directing the source fluid into contact with the mesh container.11. The method of wherein claim 10 , exposing the source fluid to the catalyst comprises directing the source fluid at least partially through the mesh container.12. The ...

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Номер записи: 98
22-12-2016 дата публикации

Thermochemical regeneration with soot formation

Номер: US20160370005A1
Автор: Hisashi Kobayashi, Kuang-Tsai Wu
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

Operation of a thermochemical regenerator to generate soot or to increase the amount of soot generated improves the performance of a furnace with which the thermochemical regenerator is operated.

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Номер записи: 99
26-12-2019 дата публикации

A Process for Oxidative Conversion of Methane to Ethylene

Номер: US20190389788A1
Автор: Liang Wugeng, MAMEDOV Aghaddin, SARSANI Vidya Sagar Reddy, WEST David
Принадлежит:

A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising reacting, via OCM, first reactant mixture (CH&O) in first reaction zone comprising OCM catalyst to produce first product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO, and unreacted methane; introducing second reactant mixture comprising first product mixture to second reaction zone excluding catalyst to produce second product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO, and unreacted methane, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first and second reaction zones, wherein ethane of second reactant mixture undergoes cracking to ethylene, wherein COof second reactant mixture undergoes hydrogenation to CO, and wherein an amount of ethylene in the second product mixture is greater than in the first product mixture; recovering methane stream, ethane stream, COstream, ethylene stream, and syngas stream (CO&H) from the second product mixture; and recycling the ethane stream and the carbon dioxide stream to second reaction zone. 1. A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising:(a) reacting, via an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction, a first reactant mixture in a first reaction zone to produce a first product mixture, wherein the first reaction zone comprises an OCM catalyst, wherein the first reactant mixture comprises methane and oxygen, and wherein the first product mixture comprises ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane;(b) introducing a second reactant mixture comprising at least a portion of the first product mixture to a second reaction zone to produce a second product mixture, wherein the second reaction zone excludes a catalyst, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone, wherein at least a portion of ethane of the second reactant mixture undergoes a cracking reaction to produce ethylene, wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide of the second reactant mixture undergoes ...

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Номер записи: 100