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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 10459. Отображено 100.
12-01-2012 дата публикации

Method and System for Synthesizing Liquid Hydrocarbon Compounds

Номер: US20120010304A1
Автор: Kazuhiko Tasaka
Принадлежит: Cosmo Oil Co Ltd, Inpex Corp, Japan Oil Gas and Metals National Corp, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd, JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp, Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd

Provided is a method for synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds wherein synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method includes a first absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in gaseous by-products generated in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, with an absorbent, and a second absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in the synthesis gas, with the absorbent which is passed through the first absorption step.

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Номер записи: 1
08-03-2012 дата публикации

Process and Apparatus for Steam-Methane Reforming

Номер: US20120058028A1
Автор: Clive Derek Lee-Tuffnell, Ian Frederick Zimmerman, Jason Andrew Maude, John William Stairmand, Michael Joseph Bowe
Принадлежит: Clive Derek Lee-Tuffnell, Ian Frederick Zimmerman, Jason Andrew Maude, John William Stairmand, Michael Joseph Bowe

Methane reacts with steam generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a first catalytic reactor; the resulting gas mixture undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a second catalytic reactor. In the steam/methane reforming, the gas mixture passes through a narrow channel having mean and exit temperatures both in the range of 750° C. to 900° C., residence time less than 0.5 second, and the channel containing a catalyst, so that only reactions having comparatively rapid kinetics will occur. Heat is provided by combustion of methane in adjacent channels. The ratio of steam to methane may be about 1.5. Almost all methane will undergo the reforming reaction, almost entirely forming carbon monoxide. After Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the remaining hydrogen may be fed back to the combustion channels. The steam for the reforming step may be generated from water generated by the chemical reactions, by condensing products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and by condensing water vapor generated in combustion.

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Номер записи: 2
08-03-2012 дата публикации

Gas from landfill for use in hydrogen production

Номер: US20120058045A1
Автор: Michael Beckman, Rustam H. Sethna, Steven Eckhardt
Принадлежит: Linde GmbH

Methane collected from a landfill is used as a feedstock for the production of hydrogen in a steam methane reformer. This invention provides a green energy feed stock for the hydrogen production that benefits the environment.

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Номер записи: 3
12-04-2012 дата публикации

Co-production of fuels, chemicals and electric power using turbochargers

Номер: US20120088850A1
Автор: Arunabha Basu, Iosif K. Rabovitser
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

A method and system for co-production of electric power, fuel, and chemicals in which a synthesis gas at a first pressure is expanded using a turbo-expander, simultaneously producing electric power and an expanded synthesis gas at a second pressure after which the expanded synthesis gas is converted to a fuel and/or a chemical.

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Номер записи: 4
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20120118011A1
Автор: Arthur Darde, Bhadra S. Grover, Dennis A. Vauk, Paul TERRIEN, Purushottam V. Shanbhag, Trapti Chaubey
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

The present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as a design for carbon dioxide capture from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen and the capture of at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. Through the use of a combination of hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with a carbon dioxide separation unit it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and improved process efficiency of the hydrogen generation plant.

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Номер записи: 5
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

Номер: US20120129064A1
Автор: David Stanislav A. Simakov, Moshe Sheintuch
Принадлежит: Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

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Номер записи: 6
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst preparation method

Номер: US20120135860A1
Автор: David James Birdsall, Jonathan Geoffrey Oliver, Mark Robert Feaviour, Mikael Per Uno Carlsson, Samuel Arthur French
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

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Номер записи: 7
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell system

Номер: US20120189926A1
Автор: Motohiko Yabutani, Shinji Nendai
Принадлежит: Aisin Seiki Co Ltd, Toyota Motor Corp

A fuel cell system includes an evaporating portion, a reforming portion forming an anode fluid, a fuel cell generating an electric power, a tank, a water supply passage connecting the tank and the evaporating portion and allowing water in the tank to be supplied to the evaporating portion, a water supply source provided at the water supply passage to transmit the water in the tank to the evaporating portion, a stepping motor driving the water supply source, and a control portion driving the stepping motor to transmit the water in the tank to the evaporating portion. The control portion performs a harmful vibration restraining process to change a resonance frequency of the stepping motor by changing the number of steps per rotation of the stepping motor based on a volume of the water transmitted to the evaporating portion per time unit.

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Номер записи: 8
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell power generation system and operation stop method of the same

Номер: US20120189931A1
Автор: Eiichi Yasumoto, Takahiro Umeda, Yasushi Sugawara
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

A fuel cell power generation system including a fuel cell, a fuel generator, an oxidizing gas supply device, an output controller, an open-close mechanism, and a controller. The controller is configured such that in a stop process, the controller controls the output controller to stop supplying the electric power to an external load; controls the oxidizing gas supply device to stop supplying an oxidizing gas and controls the open-close mechanism to close a passage upstream from an oxidizing gas channel; after the passage upstream from the oxidizing gas channel is closed, stops a raw material gas supply device and a water supply device when a predetermined period has elapsed, during which period a gas in the oxidizing gas channel is replaced by a fuel gas.

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Номер записи: 9
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Process and System For Producing Liquid Fuel From Carbon Dioxide And Water

Номер: US20120201717A1
Автор: Kim-Chinh Tran, Omar Freyr Sigurbjornsson, Shwetank Singh
Принадлежит: CRI ehf

A process and system for producing high octane fuel from carbon dioxide and water is disclosed. The feedstock for the production line is industrial carbon dioxide and water, which may be of lower quality. The end product can be high octane gasoline, high cetane diesel or other liquid hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for driving conventional combustion engines or hydrocarbons suitable for further industrial processing or commercial use. Products, such as dimethyl ether or methanol may also be withdrawn from the production line. The process is emission free and reprocesses all hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel to form high octane products. The heat generated by exothermic reactions in the process is fully utilized as is the heat produced in the reprocessing of hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel.

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Номер записи: 10
18-10-2012 дата публикации

Electrical generator using the thermoelectric effect and two chemical reactions, i.e. exothermic and endothermic reactions, to generate and dissipate heat, respectively

Номер: US20120260962A1
Автор: Jean-Antoine Gruss, Marc Plissonnier, Philippe Coronel, Tristan Caroff
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

An electric generator based on a thermoelectric effect includes at least a heat source, a heat dissipator and a thermoelectric converter provided with at least two areas respectively in contact with the heat source and the heat dissipator. The heat source is the center of an exothermic chemical reaction, such as the catalytic combustion of hydrogen. The heat dissipator is the center of an endothermic chemical reaction, at least one product of which forms one of the reagents of the exothermic chemical reaction. Once it is formed by the heat dissipator, said product is then directed towards the input of the heat source in order to react there. The endothermic chemical reaction is more particularly a steam reforming reaction for methanol.

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Номер записи: 11
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell system and operating method for fuel cell system

Номер: US20120270124A1
Автор: Takashi Shigehisa, Takatoshi Masui
Принадлежит: Kyocera Corp, Toyota Motor Corp

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell that generates power using an oxidant gas and a fuel gas; estimating means for estimating an electric resistance of the fuel cell in accordance with a voltage and a current of the fuel cell; and temperature controlling means for performing control to raise a temperature of the fuel cell when the electric resistance estimated by the estimating means exceeds a target electric resistance range and reduce the temperature of the fuel cell when the estimated electric resistance falls below the target electric resistance range.

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Номер записи: 12
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Steam-Hydrocarbon Reforming with Limited Steam Export

Номер: US20120282145A1
Автор: Hoanh Nang Pham, Michael Enever, Shankar Nataraj, Xiang-Dong Peng
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

A steam-hydrocarbon reforming process and apparatus wherein reformate from a prereformer is reacted in a gas heated reformer which is heated by reformed gas from a primary reformer. Reformate from the gas heated reformer is passed to the primary reformer as feed gas.

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Номер записи: 13
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Method of Producing Gaseous Products Using a Downflow Reactor

Номер: US20120282163A1
Автор: Charles C. Hornemann, Randy D. Cortright, Robert T. Rozmiarek
Принадлежит: Virent Energy Systems Inc, Virent Inc

Reactor systems and methods are provided for the catalytic conversion of liquid feedstocks to synthesis gases and other noncondensable gaseous products. The reactor systems include a heat exchange reactor configured to allow the liquid feedstock and gas product to flow concurrently in a downflow direction. The reactor systems and methods are particularly useful for producing hydrogen and light hydrocarbons from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons using aqueous phase reforming. The generated gases may find used as a fuel source for energy generation via PEM fuel cells, solid-oxide fuel cells, internal combustion engines, or gas turbine gensets, or used in other chemical processes to produce additional products. The gaseous products may also be collected for later use or distribution.

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Номер записи: 14
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20120291485A1
Автор: Arthur Darde, Bhadra S. Grover, Dennis A. Vauk, Pascal Marty, Paul TERRIEN, Purushottam V. Shanbhag, Trapti Chaubey
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

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Номер записи: 15
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and electrical power

Номер: US20130008175A1
Автор: Mark Mckenna
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process for reducing CO 2 emissions from combined cycle power generation processes utilizing a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, which includes splitting the hydrocarbon feed into two portions; a first portion≦45% by volume of the feed and a larger portion≧55% by volume of the feed, feeding the first portion to an autothermal reforming process to generate a hydrogen-containing gas and a carbon dioxide stream, combining the hydrogen-containing stream with the second portion, combusting the resulting hydrogen-containing fuel stream with oxygen containing gas in a gas turbine to generate electrical power and passing the exhaust gas mixture from the gas turbine to a heat recovery steam generation system that feeds one or more steam turbines to generate additional electrical power. The captured carbon dioxide stream may be fed to storage or enhanced oil recovery processes. The process may be retrofitted into existing combined cycle processes.

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Номер записи: 16
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

Номер: US20130009102A1
Автор: Brian R. Kromer, Charles Robinson, Gervase Maxwell Christie, Jamie R. WILSON, Lawrence W. Kosowski, Lee J. Rosen, Michael M. Litwin, Sean M. Kelly
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

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Номер записи: 17
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Номер: US20130011301A1
Автор: David J. Edlund
Принадлежит: Edlund David J

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

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Номер записи: 18
28-02-2013 дата публикации

Nickel-based reforming catalyst

Номер: US20130053237A1
Автор: David Beijia Xu, Wen-Qing Xu
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates unique pore structures in nickel supported on alumina with the negligible formation of macropores. Incorporation of additional elements stabilizes the pore structure of the nickel supported on alumina. Additional element(s) were then further added into the nickel-supported materials. These additional element(s) further stabilize the pore structures under heating conditions. The improvements of pore structure stability under heating conditions and negligible presence of macropores limit the sintering of nickel metal to a mechanism of impeded diffusion. The negligible presence of macropores also limits the deposition of alkali metal hydroxide(s)/carbonate(s) to the outer shell of the catalyst pellet. Both of the negligible presence of macropores and improvement in pore structure stability allow for prolonging the catalyst life of these nickel supported on alumina catalysts of the present invention for reforming hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 19
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

Номер: US20130126038A1
Автор: AQIL Jamal, Thang Pham
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

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Номер записи: 20
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen/syngas generator

Номер: US20130129610A1
Автор: Ganesh Ravindra Kale
Принадлежит: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR

The present invention relates to a compact, concentric auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator for production of hydrogen/syngas without any external heating. Further, the auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator of the present invention involves combination of reactions such as partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry reforming, auto thermal reforming, dry autothermal reforming, water gas shift, preferential oxidation or methanation that takes place without external heating, for converting air, steam and fuel into a reformate mainly containing CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O which is subsequently converted to hydrogen/syngas as a feed for fuel cell or syngas applications.

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Номер записи: 21
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system

Номер: US20130139684A1
Автор: Hidenori Minami, Masanori Miyake, Toshihiko Sumida, Yoshinori Ueda
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co Ltd

A hydrogen manufacturing system for performing offgas flow control includes: a vaporizer ( 1 ) for heating a material mixture containing a hydrocarbon material; a reforming reactor ( 2 ) for generating hydrogen-containing reformed gas by reforming reactions of the material; a PSA separator ( 5 ) for repeating a cycle of adsorption and desorption, where in the adsorption PSA separation is performed with an adsorption tower loaded with an adsorbent to adsorb unnecessary components in the reformed gas and extract hydrogen-enriched gas out of the tower, and in the desorption the offgas containing the unnecessary components from the adsorbent and remaining hydrogen is discharged from the tower; and a buffer tank ( 6 ) for holding the offgas before supplying to the vaporizer. The offgas flow supply from the tank ( 6 ) to the vaporizer is changed continuously over time when the cycle time is changed according to load change on the separator ( 5 ).

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Номер записи: 22
13-06-2013 дата публикации

Mixed oxide based catalyst for the conversion of carbon dioxide to syngas and method of preparation and use

Номер: US20130150466A1
Автор: Aghaddin Mamedov, Clark Rea, Shahid N. Shaikh, Xiankuan Zhang
Принадлежит: Saudi Basic Industries Corp

The invention relates to a catalyst and process for making syngas mixtures including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The process comprises contacting a gaseous feed mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen with the catalyst, where the catalyst comprises Mn oxide and an auxiliary metal oxide selected from the group consisting of La, Ca, K, W, Cu, Al and mixtures or combinations thereof. The process enables hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity, and good catalyst stability over time and under variations in processing conditions. The process can be applied separately, but can also be integrated with other processes, both up-stream and/or down-stream including methane reforming or other synthesis processes for making products like alkanes, aldehydes, or alcohols.

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Номер записи: 23
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1
Автор: James Obern, Michael Anthony Schultz, Sean Dennis Simpson
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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Номер записи: 24
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Semiconductor photocatalyst for the photocatalytic reforming of biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation, and preparation and use thereof

Номер: US20130224105A1
Автор: Chengbo Li, Jiaxin Li, Lizhu Wu, Xubing Li, Zhijun Li
Принадлежит: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS

Disclosed are a semiconductor photocatalyst for the photocatalytic reforming of biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation, and preparation and use thereof. The semiconductor photocatalyst has the atomic composition ratio of M˜N-Ax; wherein M˜N are IIB group elements to VIA group elements, or IIIA group elements to VA group elements, A being one element or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, chromium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and silver; and 0.02%≦x≦1.0%. The method of in-situ preparation of the highly effective semiconductor photocatalyst and catalytically reforming biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation by driving photoreaction with visible light via quantum dots is simple, fast, highly effective, inexpensive and practical. The in situ reaction can occur in sunlight without the need of harsh conditions such as calcination.

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Номер записи: 25
19-09-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen purifier

Номер: US20130239812A1
Автор: David Edlund
Принадлежит: Azur Energy Llc

Techniques are generally described herein for the design and manufacture of hydrogen generation apparatuses and systems. Other embodiments may also be disclosed and claimed. Some methods described herein pressing together a first end plate, one or more intermediate plates, and a second end plate using a press to form a hydrogen purifier module, and placing a plurality of clips around the hydrogen purifier module to hold the first end plate, the one or more intermediate plates, and the second end plate together.

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Номер записи: 26
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Catalysts and process for producing same

Номер: US20130288891A1
Автор: Shinya Matsuo, Tadatoshi Murota
Принадлежит: Santoku Corp

A catalyst, a hydrocarbon steam reforming catalyst, and a method for producing the same are provided. A catalytic metal containing at least Ni is supported on a composite oxide containing R, Zr, and oxygen, at a composition of not less than 10 mol % and not more than 90 mol % of R, not less than 10 mol % and not more than 90 mol % of Zr, and not less than 0 mol % and not more than 20 mol % of M (M: elements other than oxygen, R, and Zr), with respect to the total of the elements other than oxygen being 100 mol %, wherein the composite oxide has a specific surface area of 11 to 90 m 2 /g, and the largest peak in the wavelength range of 200 to 800 cm −1 of Raman spectrum with a full width at half maximum of 20 to 72 cm −1 .

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Номер записи: 27
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Methods and systems for generating polyols

Номер: US20130289302A1
Автор: Randy D. Cortright
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

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Номер записи: 28
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Carbon capture in fermentation

Номер: US20130316424A1
Автор: Christophe Collet, Michael Cockrem, Michael Koepke, Sean Dennis Simpson, Simon David Oakley
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO. The methods of the invention include converting CO to one or more products including alcohols and/or acids and optionally capturing CO2 to improve overall carbon capture. In certain aspects, the invention relates to processes for producing alcohols, particularly ethanol, from industrial waste streams, particularly steel mill off-gas.

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Номер записи: 29
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Desulfurization system, hydrogen-manufacturing system, fuel-cell system, fuel-desulfurization method, and method for manufacturing hydrogen

Номер: US20130323612A1
Автор: Hisao Sakoda, Kazunori Miyazawa, Kimika Ishizuki, Manabu Kawabata
Принадлежит: JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp

A desulfurization system includes: a fuel supply part for supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel containing water and a sulfur compound to a subsequent stage; and a desulfurization part for desulfurizing the above hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied from the above fuel supply part, wherein, in the above desulfurization part, the above hydrocarbon-based fuel is brought into contact at a temperature of 65 to 105° C. with a catalyst prepared by loading silver on an X-type zeolite.

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Номер записи: 30
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Production of synthesis gas through the use of a solar receiver decoupled from a reforming reactor

Номер: US20140008579A1
Автор: Robbie Mcnaughton
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO

A process for the production of syngas comprising the steps of: forming a gaseous reactant mixture comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; reforming the reactant mixture in a reforming reactor at a target reforming temperature to produce hydrogen gas, the reactant mixture is heated by a heat transfer fluid that, prior to heating the reactant mixture, passes through a concentrated solar energy receiver. The volumetric ratio of heat transfer fluid between the receiver and the reforming reactor to the heat transfer fluid in the receiver is less than fifty.

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Номер записи: 31
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

Номер: US20140014878A1
Автор: Joe D. Allison, Kristi A. Fjare, Roland Schmidt, Uchenna Prince Paul
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

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Номер записи: 32
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Method of removing heavy hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140021094A1
Автор: Fuyuki Yagi, Kenichi Kawazuishi, Shuhei Wakamatsu, Tomoyuki Mikuriya
Принадлежит: Chiyoda Corp, Cosmo Oil Co Ltd, Inpex Corp, Japan Oil Gas and Metals National Corp, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd, JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp, Nippon Steel and Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd

Heavy hydrocarbons contained in FT off gas of a GTL process are removed by bringing the FT off gas into contact with absorption oil, by introducing the FT off gas into a distillation tower, by cooling the FT off gas or by driving the FT off gas into an adsorbent. A burner tip for heating a reformer tube, using FT off gas as fuel, is prevented from being plugged by the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons contained in the FT off gas.

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Номер записи: 33
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Solid oxide fuel cell device

Номер: US20140023946A1
Автор: Hajime Omura, Katsuhisa Tsuchiya, Naoki Watanabe, Shuhei Tanaka, Takuya Hoshiko, Takuya Matsuo, Toshiharu Otsuka, Toshiya Abe, Yousuke Akagi
Принадлежит: TOTO LTD

To provide a fuel cell device capable of extending the years of service life of a reformer by suppressing thermal runaways. The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell device, including a fuel cell module having fuel cell units; a reformer disposed above the fuel cell units, for producing hydrogen by a partial oxidation reforming reaction and a steam reforming reaction; a vaporizing chamber disposed adjacent to the reformer; a combustion chamber for heating the vaporization chamber; a water supply device; an electrical generation oxidant gas supply device; and a controller for raising the fuel cell units to a temperature at which electrical generation is possible; whereby over the entire period of the startup step, the reforming oxidant gas supply device and water supply device are controlled so that partial oxidation reforming reactions do not occur independently in the reformer.

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Номер записи: 34
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Nickel catalysts for reforming hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140041300A1
Автор: Hyeon Seok ROH, In Hyuk Son, Seung Jae Lee, Won Jun JANG
Принадлежит: Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Yonsei University, SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons may include a catalytically active amount of nickel or nickel oxide dispersed on a metal oxide support. The metal oxide support may be of a single-metal oxide of a first metal or a complex-metal oxide of the first metal and a second metal. A co-catalyst of magnesium oxide (MgO) may anchor the nickel or nickel oxide onto the metal oxide support.

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Номер записи: 35
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

Номер: US20140056774A1
Автор: Brian R. Kromer, Charles Robinson, Gervase Maxwell Christie, Jamie R. WILSON, Lawrence W. Kosowski, Lee J. Rosen, Michael M. Litwin, Sean M. Kelly
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

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Номер записи: 36
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Synthesis Gas Reaction and Processing System

Номер: US20140066527A1
Автор: Gregory Carr, Louis DENOMME, Melissa GAUCHER
Принадлежит: Individual

A process wherein synthesis gas is reacted to produce desired products, such as alcohols, and wherein by-products, such as methane, are reformed to provide hydrogen and carbon monoxide that is recycled to the feed of synthesis gas. The process also may provide for the recycle of unreacted hydrogen and unreacted carbon monoxide to the feed of synthesis gas.

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Номер записи: 37
07-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF Ni-CeMgAl2O4 CATALYST FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20160001269A1
Автор: Bal Rajaram, Bordoloi Ankur, Botcha Neelam Naidu, Das Subhasis, Goyal Reena, Kumar Manoj, Narayan Sivakumar Konathala Laxmi, Pendem Chandrasheka R., Prasad Vemulapalli Venkata Durga Nagendra, SINGHA RAJIB KUMAR
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process and catalyst system for the production of synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H) from greenhouse gases like methane and carbon di oxide. The process provide a single step selective reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas over Ce—Ni—MgAlOcatalyst prepared by using combination of two methods evaporation induced self-assembly and organic matrix combustion method. These suitably combined methods generate a unique catalyst system with very fine Ni nano clusters evenly dispersed in high surface area support. The process provides both Methane and carbon di oxide conversion more than 90% without any noticeable deactivation till 100 hours between temperature range of 500-800° C. at atmospheric pressure. 1. A process for the preparation of Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst wherein the said process comprising the steps of;i. dissolving Aluminium isopropoxide in a mixture of ethanol and concentrated nitric acid;ii. preparing a second solution by dissolving Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (P123) in mole ration ranging between 0.003-0.004 in ethanol;iii. adding salt of Magnesium and Cerium into the second solution;{'sub': 2', '4, 'iv. mixing solution as prepared in step (i) and step (iii) and stirring for 8-10 hrs at room temp 25° C. for homogenation and kept for drying at 60-80° C. for 48-72 h and calcing at a range 700-900° C. for 6-8 hr and subsequently depositing nickel particles onto it to and further calcining at temperature 400-600° C. 6-8 h to obtain Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst.'}2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ni to Ce—MgAl2O4 of the catalyst is varied in the range 1-10% (Ni:Ce—MgAl2O4).3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of MgO to Al2O3 of the catalyst is varied in the range of 1-5% (MgO:Al2O3).4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ce to Al2O3 is in the range of 0.1-5% Ce:Al2O3).5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 38
05-01-2017 дата публикации

PREPARATION METHOD OF CATALYST COMPRISING A RUTHENIUM-CONTAINING CATALYST LAYER FORMED ON THE BODY SURFACE

Номер: US20170001187A1
Автор: EOM Hyun Ji, Hwang Young-jae, JUNG Un-ho, KOO Kee-Young, YOON Wang-lai
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst comprising a ruthenium-containing catalyst layer highly dispersed with a uniform thickness on a surface of a substrate having a structure, which comprises first aging a mixed solution of a ruthenium precursor-containing solution and a precipitating agent to form a ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds, secondarily aging the first aged mixed solution to grow the seeds thereby forming ruthenium-containing precipitate particles, and then contacting the particles with a substrate to deposit the particles on the surface of the substrate. Since the catalyst has a structure in which the round shaped ruthenium-containing precipitate particles are piled to form the ruthenium-containing catalyst layer, it has a large specific surface area. Thus, the catalyst may exhibit excellent catalytic performance in various reactions for producing hydrogen using a ruthenium catalyst. 1. A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a ruthenium-containing catalyst layer formed on a surface of a substrate having a structure , which comprises:adding a precipitating agent to a ruthenium (Ru) precursor-containing solution to obtain a mixed solution (step 1);first aging the mixed solution of the step 1 at 10° C. to 40° C. to form ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds (step 2);secondarily aging the first aged mixed solution at 80° C. to 100° C. to grow the ruthenium-containing precipitate seeds, thereby forming ruthenium-containing precipitate particles (step 3);contacting the secondarily aged mixed solution with the substrate to coat the surface of the substrate with the ruthenium-containing precipitate particles, thereby inducing the formation of a ruthenium-containing layer (step 4); andconducting a heat treatment of the ruthenium-containing layer (step 5).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step 2 and the step 3 are performed in order.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is introduced to the first aged mixed ...

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Номер записи: 39
04-01-2018 дата публикации

STEAM REFORMING CATALYST AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF

Номер: US20180001309A1
Автор: Daugaard Christian, Jacobsen Joachim Harteg, Ovesen Charlotte Vinding
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a method for the production of a supported nickel catalyst, in which an aqueous mixture comprising an alkali metal salt plus other metal salts is sintered to form a support material. A supported nickel catalyst comprising potassium β-alumina is also provided. 1. A supported nickel catalyst precursor obtained via a method comprising the steps of: i. magnesium mineral or magnesium salt,', 'ii. optionally, a calcium mineral or calcium salt,', 'iii. an aluminium mineral or aluminium salt,', 'iv. an alkali metal salt comprising at least one of Na and K, and', 'v. optionally water;, 'a. providing a mixture comprisingb. extruding said mixture to form an extrudate, said extrudate containing integrated reservoirs of said alkali metal salt, and calcining the extrudate at a temperature from 300-600° C.;c. sintering said calcined extrudate at a temperature in a range of 1100-1400° C. to form a support material;d. impregnating said support material with an aqueous solution comprising a nickel salt to provide the supported nickel catalyst precursor; ande. optionally repeating step d.2. A supported nickel catalyst obtainable via the method recited in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , after each impregnation step d claim 1 , the supported nickel catalyst precursor is decomposed to form a supported nickel catalyst claim 1 , suitably at temperatures between 350-500° C.3. A supported nickel catalyst comprising nickel supported on a support material claim 1 , characterised in that said support material comprises potassium β-alumina or sodium β-alumina claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein said support material comprises 8 wt % or more potassium β-alumina claim 3 , as measured by XRD.5. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , comprising 0.2-2 wt % potassium.6. Use of a supported nickel catalyst according to as a catalyst in a steam reforming process.7. A steam reforming process comprising the steps of: ...

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Номер записи: 40
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Steam methane reformer system and method of performing a steam methane reforming process

Номер: US20160002035A1
Автор: Jonathan Jay Feinstein, Michael P. RALSTON
Принадлежит: Zoneflow Reactor Technologies LLC

An apparatus includes a furnace having at least one bayonet reforming tube. The furnace is adapted to receive a gas including a hydrocarbon and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide via the bayonet reforming tube, heat and catalytically react the gas to form syngas at a first temperature, cool the syngas to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and eject the syngas from the tube. The furnace has a first effluent stream including flue gas and a second effluent stream including syngas. The apparatus also includes a first heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the first effluent stream to a first heat load including one of air, water, and steam, and a second heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the second effluent stream to a second heat load.

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Номер записи: 41
07-01-2016 дата публикации

RADIATING WALL CATALYTIC REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT A CHEMICAL REACTION IN THIS REACTOR

Номер: US20160002036A1
Автор: KOLACZKOWSKI Stanislaw Tadeusz, NAUMANN Dirk, SABERI Babak, SABERI Shadi
Принадлежит: ALANTUM EUROPE GMBH

Disclosed are a radiating wall catalytic reactor for providing heat from the inside wall surface of a reaction chamber by radiation to support an overall endothermic gas phase chemical reaction taking place in the reaction chamber , and a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the reactor. The reaction chamber is provided with an entrance port for introducing a gaseous reactant(s) in a continuous manner into the chamber and an exit port to enable the gaseous product(s) to leave the chamber in a continuous manner. The reaction chamber includes a plurality of catalyst segments (A), which has one void segment (B) on either side of it; and the reaction chamber is made of a material(s) that is (are) suitable to resist a temperature of 700° C. or more. 112-. (canceled)1381161. A radiating wall catalytic reactor for providing heat from the inside wall surface () of a reaction chamber () by radiation () to support an overall endothermic gas phase chemical reaction taking place in the reaction chamber () ,{'b': 1', '2', '1', '3', '1', '1', '5', '4', '6', '8', '6', '9', '5', '6', '1', '15', '1', '8', '1, 'comprising a reaction chamber () with an entrance port () for the introduction of a gaseous reactant(s) in a continuous manner into the reaction chamber () and an exit port () to enable the gaseous product(s) to leave the reaction chamber () in a continuous manner, said reaction chamber () comprising a plurality of catalyst segments (A)(), wherein the reaction chamber is adapted such that a gaseous stream flows through and comes into contact with a catalyst material (), and of void segments (B)(), wherein heat is radiated from the inside wall surface () in the void segment (B) () to a catalyst segment surface () constituting an interface between the catalyst segment (A)() and the void segment (B)(); and a heating means for heating the reaction chamber () such that an outside wall surface () of the reaction chamber () is at a higher temperature than the inside wall ...

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Номер записи: 42
05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHANE STEAM REFORMING, USING NICKEL/ALUMINA NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST OR NICKEL/SILICA-ALUMINA HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST

Номер: US20170001863A1
Автор: Jung Heon, Lim Tak Hyoung, Park Ji Chan, Yang Jung Il
Принадлежит: KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH

The present invention relates to a method of methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of carrying out methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst wherein nickel metal nanoparticles are uniformly loaded in a high amount on a support via a melt infiltration method with an excellent methane conversion even under a relatively severe reaction condition of a high gas hourly space velocity or low steam supply, and to a catalyst for this method. In addition, the present invention prepares a nickel/silica-alumina hybrid nanocatalyst by mixing the catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration method as the first catalyst and the nickel silica yolk-shell catalyst as the second catalyst, and applies it to the steam reforming of methane to provide a still more excellent catalytic activity even under the higher temperature of ° C. or more with the excellent methane conversion. 150. A method of methane steam reforming with a methane conversion of % or more , which comprisesi) a step of providing a first catalyst for methane steam reforming which is prepared by a first step of grinding and mixing a porous alumina support and a nickel-containing compound having a melting point lower than the porous alumina support, and melt-infiltrating the nickel-containing compound into pores of the surface, inside, or both of the porous alumina support in a closed system at a temperature ranging from the melting point of the nickel-containing compound to ±5° C. higher than the melting point; and a second step of thermally treating the melt-infiltrated composite powder at 400 to 600° C. under reducing gas atmosphere to load nickel particles having the average particle size of 10 nm or less in the porous alumina support; ora nickel silica-alumina hybrid catalyst comprising the first catalyst; and a yolk-shell shaped second catalyst for methane steam reforming which has a nano- or micro- ...

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Номер записи: 43
05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHODS FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM NATURAL GAS AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Номер: US20170001922A1
Автор: IMSHENETSKII Vladimir Vladislavovich, LISHCHINER Losif Lzrailevich, MALOVA Olga Vasilyevna, MEDVEDEV Sergey Vladimirovich, PCHELINTSEV Denis Vasilyevich, TARASOV Andrey Leonidovich
Принадлежит: NGT GLOBAL AG

The invention relates to the field of gas chemistry and, more specifically, to methods and devices for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from natural gas, which involve producing synthesis gas, converting same into methanol, producing, from the methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, a concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and water, separating the water, air stripping hydrocarbon residues from the water, and separating-out the resultant concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen-containing gas, the latter being at least partially used in the production of synthesis gas to adjust the ratio therein of H:CO 1.8-2.3:1, and can be used for producing aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from methanol in the presence of a catalyst is carried out in two consecutively-connected reactors for synthesizing aromatic hydrocarbons: in a first, low-temperature isothermal reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and in a second, high-temperature adiabatic reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons formed in the first reactor, and the subsequent stabilization thereof in an aromatic hydrocarbon concentrate stabilization unit. At least a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed to a synthesis gas production unit and is used for producing synthesis gas using autothermal reforming technology. The installation carries out the method. The achieved technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of producing concentrates of aromatic hydrocarbons. 112to . (canceled)13. A method of converting natural gas into aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising:a. mixing natural gas, superheated steam and recycled hydrogen-containing gas to form a first mixture;b. feeding the first mixture into a synthesis gas unit;c. the synthesis gas unit converting the first mixture into a synthesis gas;d. feeding the synthesis gas into a methanol unit;e. the methanol unit ...

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Номер записи: 44
04-01-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMMONIA

Номер: US20180002184A1
Автор: Filippi Ermanno, Ostuni Raffaele, ROSSI Umberto
Принадлежит: Casale SA

Process for the synthesis of ammonia comprising the steps of reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock into a raw product gas, purification of said raw product gas obtaining a make-up synthesis gas, conversion of said synthesis gas into ammonia; said purification includes shift conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and the reforming process requires a heat input which is at least partially recovered from at least one of said step of shift conversion, which is carried out with a peak temperature of at least 450° C., and said step of conversion into ammonia. 1. A process for the synthesis of ammonia comprising the steps of:reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock into a raw product gas, said reforming requiring a heat input;purification of said raw product gas obtaining a make-up synthesis gas;conversion of said synthesis gas into ammonia, wherein said purification includes shift conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, wherein said heat input of the reforming process is at least partially recovered from at least one of:said step of shift conversion, which is carried out with a peak temperature of at least 450° C.;said step of conversion into ammonia.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein heat of said shift conversion is recovered by either: direct cooling of a catalytic bed of a related shift converter claim 1 , and/or cooling an effluent of shifted gas.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said heat input of the reforming process is at least partially recovered from the step of conversion into ammonia claim 1 , and said heat recovery is carried out by: direct cooling of one or more catalytic beds for the synthesis of ammonia claim 1 , and/or cooling an effluent of an ammonia catalytic bed or ammonia reactor.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein conversion into ammonia includes the reaction of make-up gas in a plurality of reactors or of catalytic beds in series claim 3 , and heat is recovered by cooling the effluent of the first ...

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Номер записи: 45
04-01-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MAKING AMMONIA

Номер: US20180002185A1
Автор: PACH John David, SHELDON Daniel, WAILS David
Принадлежит:

A process for production of ammonia includes: providing a reaction stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen; passing the reaction stream and steam over a water gas shift catalyst in a catalytic shift reactor, forming a shifted gas mixture depleted in carbon monoxide and enriched in hydrogen; passing the shifted gas mixture with an oxygen-containing gas over a selective oxidation catalyst at ≧175° C., forming a selectively oxidized gas stream with a portion of the carbon monoxide converted to carbon dioxide; removing some of the carbon dioxide from the selectively oxidized gas stream in a carbon dioxide removal unit; passing the carbon dioxide depleted stream over a methanation catalyst in a methanator to form a methanated gas stream, optionally adjusting its hydrogen:nitrogen molar ratio to form an ammonia synthesis gas; and passing the ammonia synthesis gas over an ammonia synthesis catalyst in an ammonia converter to form ammonia. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for the production of ammonia comprising the steps of:(a) providing a reaction stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen;(b) passing the reaction stream and steam over a water gas shift catalyst in a catalytic shift reactor to form a shifted gas mixture containing methanol;(c) passing the shifted gas mixture with an oxygen-containing gas over a selective oxidation catalyst at an inlet temperature ≧175° C. to form a selectively oxidised gas stream;(d) removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and steam from the selectively oxidised gas stream in a carbon dioxide removal unit;(e) passing the carbon dioxide depleted stream over a methanation catalyst in a methanator to form a methanated gas stream,and(f) passing the methanated gas stream over an ammonia synthesis catalyst in an ammonia converter to form ammonia.16. A process according to wherein the inlet temperature is in the range 175° C. to 250° C.17. A process according to wherein the selective oxidation is operated adiabatically in the ...

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Номер записи: 46
02-01-2020 дата публикации

TAIL GAS HEATING WITHIN PSA SURGE TANK

Номер: US20200002166A1
Автор: Dmevich Raymond F., Kalp Bryan S., Raybold Troy M., Warta Andrew
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method of improving the efficiency of an integrated hydrogen generation system by the introduction of a means to heat the PSA tail gas within the PSA surge tank. 1. A method of improving the efficiency of an integrated hydrogen generation system comprising:producing a syngas stream in a steam reformer which has a combustion zone;introducing at least a portion of the syngas stream to a water gas shift reactor;cooling the shifted syngas stream to produce a cooled shifted syngas stream;introducing the cooled shifted syngas stream into a pressure swing adsorption unit, thereby producing a stream of predominantly hydrogen and a tail gas comprising predominantly byproducts;routing said tail gas to one or more surge tank(s) having a heat exchange device disposed therein and indirectly heating said tail gas by passing it over a surface of said heat exchange device inside which a hot fluid is cooled, thereby obtaining a heated tail gas; androuting said heated tail gas to the combustion zone of a reformer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a heated tail gas temperature ranges from about 150 to 500° F.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange device is a coil claim 1 , or a heat exchanger.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is a saturated or superheated low pressure steam stream from 225 to 400° F.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is a saturated or superheated high pressure steam stream from 350 to 800° F.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is heated water.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat exchange device disposed in the surge tank is syngas generated in the steam reformer.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot fluid flowing through the heat ...

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Номер записи: 47
04-01-2018 дата публикации

REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

Номер: US20180002262A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprising introducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME). In some cases, the reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. In some cases, the hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME).2. The method of wherein said reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.3. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane or a hydrogen membrane coated with an erosion resistant layer.4. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.5. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.6. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.7. The method of wherein a renewable fuel is used in the regenerator.8. The method of wherein the renewable fuel comprises landfill gas claim 7 , bio-digester gas claim 7 , pyrolysis oils and liquid fuels claim 7 , spent glycerol claim 7 , biomass derived syngas claim 7 , bio-ethanol.9. The method of wherein the regenerator comprises an air pre-heater and the method utilizes full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the air pre-heater.10. The method of comprising using full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the regenerator.11. The method of wherein the renewable fuel used in the regenerator comprises ...

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Номер записи: 48
04-01-2018 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Номер: US20180002263A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of wherein no steam or oxygen injection is needed.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) ...

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Номер записи: 49
04-01-2018 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Номер: US20180002264A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of configured to use no process water and no oxygen.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. The reactor of comprising one or more internal ...

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Номер записи: 50
04-01-2018 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF METHANE TO DIMETHYL ETHER

Номер: US20180002265A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprising introducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to DME in one step. In some cases, the reformer comprises a Ni catalyst. In some cases, the reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. The hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to DME in one step.2. The method of wherein said reformer comprises a Ni catalyst.3. The method of wherein said reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.4. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane.5. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.6. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 4 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.7. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is placed vertically in said reformer as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reformer.8. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is coated with an erosion resistant layer.9. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams enter the bottom of the reformer via a manifold or distributor.10. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams fluidize the catalyst in the reformer.11. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.12. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.13. The method of wherein regenerated catalyst is ...

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Номер записи: 51
02-01-2020 дата публикации

AMMONIA-UREA INTEGRATED PROCESS AND PLANT

Номер: US20200002273A1
Автор: Nettuno Francesco, Ostuni Raffaele, Rugnone Luca
Принадлежит: Casale SA

A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising an ammonia section and a tied-in urea section, wherein a hydrocarbon is reformed to produce ammonia make-up synthesis gas; said make-up gas is purified by shift conversion and removal of carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide is removed from the make-up gas by a first and a second CO2 removal sections;the first section removes CO2 by absorption with a suitable medium, and the second section removes CO2 by washing with a carbamate solution taken from the urea section; the make-up gas is reacted to produce ammonia; the CO2 removed from the make-up gas and at least part of the ammonia are used to produce urea. 1) A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising:reforming a hydrocarbon source obtaining a make-up gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein said make-up gas after purification is converted into ammonia,at least part of the synthesized ammonia provides the ammonia feed of a urea synthesis process, said urea synthesis process also receiving a carbon dioxide feed,the urea synthesis process comprising the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea synthesis section to form a urea aqueous solution, and subsequent treatment of said solution in a urea recovery section,{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the purification of the make-up gas comprises removal of COby means of a first step of COremoval in a first COremoval unit and a second step of COremoval in a second COremoval unit, which are carried out in series or in parallel, said first and second COremoval units not being said urea synthesis section,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'one of said first and second COremoval steps comprises washing CO-containing make-up gas with a carbamate solution taken from said urea recovery section,'}{'sub': '2', 'and said carbon dioxide feed of the urea synthesis process comprises at least part of the carbon dioxide separated from said ...

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Номер записи: 52
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Carbon capture in fermentation

Номер: US20200002734A1
Автор: Christophe Collet, Michael Cockrem, Michael Koepke, Sean Dennis Simpson, Simon David Oakley
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

The invention relates to a steel mill adapted to provide gas stream(s) comprising CO to a microbial fermentation, the steel mill comprising a steel mill structure containing apparatus for a steel manufacturing process wherein said apparatus produces waste gases during various stages of the steel making process, said waste gases being directed into the atmosphere by a waste stack, wherein the waste stack is connected to a fermentation system by a transfer means connected to the waste stack to divert at least a portion of the waste gases to the microbial fermentation system.

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Номер записи: 53
13-01-2022 дата публикации

DRY REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20220009774A1
Автор: Alqarni Abdulbari Yahya, Harale Aadesh, LEE Kunho, Solami Bandar
Принадлежит:

A dry reforming process for producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel is described. A feed stream is preheated. The feed stream includes the hydrocarbon fuel and carbon dioxide. The feed stream is flowed to a reactor. The reactor includes a catalyst. Flowing the feed stream to the reactor brings the feed stream into contact with the catalyst in the absence of oxygen and causes a dry reforming reaction within the reactor for a period of time sufficient to reform the hydrocarbon fuel to produce the synthesis gas. The catalyst includes nickel (Ni), lanthanum oxide (LaO), cerium oxide (CeO), and platinum (Pt). 1. A dry reforming process for producing a synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel , comprising:preheating a feed stream comprising the hydrocarbon fuel and carbon dioxide; and{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'flowing the feed stream to a reactor comprising a catalyst, thereby bringing the feed stream into contact with the catalyst in the absence of oxygen and causing a dry reforming reaction within the reactor for a period of time sufficient to reform the hydrocarbon fuel to produce the synthesis gas, the catalyst comprising nickel (Ni), lanthanum oxide (LaO), cerium oxide (CeO), and platinum (Pt).'}2. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream is preheated to a temperature in a range of from about 750 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 950° C.3. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein an operating pressure within the reactor during the dry reforming reaction is in a range of from about 7 bar to about 28 bar.4. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream has a carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon ratio in a range of from about 1:1 to about 4:1.5. The dry reforming process of claim 4 , wherein the carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon ratio of the feed stream is in a range of from about 1:1 to about 2:1.6. The dry reforming process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises water.7. The dry reforming process of claim 6 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 54
07-01-2021 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION SYSTEM, AND COMPLEX POWER GENERATION SYSTEM USING THE SAME

Номер: US20210005911A1
Автор: KIM Changmin, KIM Guntae, KIM Jeongwon
Принадлежит: UNIST(ULSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)

Disclosed is a carbon dioxide utilization system capable of recharging and undergoing reactions. The system includes a cathode unit provided with a first aqueous solution accommodated in a first accommodation space, and a cathode at least a part of which is submerged in the first aqueous solution; an anode unit provided with an alkaline second aqueous solution accommodated in a second accommodation space, and a metal anode at least a part of which is submerged in the second aqueous solution; and a connection unit provided with a connection channel connecting the first and second accommodation spaces in open communication, and a porous ion transfer member, disposed in the connection channel, for blocking the movement of the first and second aqueous solutions but allowing the movement of ions. 1. A carbon dioxide utilization system comprising:a cathode unit including a first accommodation space, a first aqueous solution, and a cathode at least partially submerged in the first aqueous solution;an anode unit including a second accommodation space, a second aqueous solution which is basic, and a metal anode at least partially submerged in the second aqueous solution; anda connection unit configured to connect the cathode unit and the anode unit,wherein carbon dioxide introduced into the first aqueous solution is captured as a bicarbonate ion and produces a hydrogen ion, and the hydrogen ion reacts with an electron of the cathode to produce hydrogen.2. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the anode is made of aluminum (Al) or zinc (Zn).3. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the connection unit is a salt bridge.4. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 3 , wherein a solution inside the salt bridge contains sodium ions.5. The carbon dioxide utilization system of claim 1 , wherein the connection unit is disposed between the first accommodation space and the second accommodation space and is a porous ion transfer member ...

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Номер записи: 55
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Reforming Catalyst for Hydrocarbons and Method of its Manufacture

Номер: US20160008790A1
Автор: Hirano Takenori, Ohtsuka Hirofumi, Takami Susumu
Принадлежит:

For implementing a reforming reaction such as steam reforming or autothermal reforming, to obtain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, etc. by bringing hydrocarbons and steam into contact with a reforming catalyst, an arrangement is provided to enable reforming of the hydrocarbon to proceed under a stable condition for an extended period thanks to high sulfur resistance thereof. The arrangement employs a reforming catalyst supporting both platinum and iridium on an inorganic oxide support for the reforming of the hydrocarbon. 1. A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst for producing a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide under contact with hydrocarbons and steam , the catalyst comprising platinum and iridium both supported on an inorganic oxide support.2. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide support contains as its principal component claim 1 , one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of α-alumina claim 1 , zirconia and titania.3. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein relative to the inorganic oxide support claim 1 , platinum is supported from 0.5 mass % to 2 mass %.4. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein relative to the inorganic oxide support claim 1 , iridium is supported from 0.5 mass % to 2 mass %.5. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide support contains a lanthanide oxide component.6. A method of manufacturing a steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein after platinum salt and iridium salt are impregnated in an inorganic oxide support claim 1 , the resultant mixture is subjected to a liquid-phase reducing treatment with hydrazine claim 1 , thereby to cause platinum and iridium to be supported on the inorganic oxide support.7. A method of manufacturing a steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein platinum ...

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Номер записи: 56
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Nickel hexaaluminate-containing catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons in the presence of carbon dioxide

Номер: US20160008791A1
Автор: Andrian Milanov, Bernd HINRICHSEN, Ekkehard Schwab, Gerhard Cox, Guido Wasserschaff, Stephan Schunk, Thomas Roussiere, Ulrich FLOERCHINGER
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The invention relates to a nickel hexaaluminate-comprising catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of carbon dioxide, which comprises hexaaluminate in a proportion in the range from 65 to 95% by weight, preferably from 70 to 90% by weight, and a crystalline, oxidic secondary phase selected from the group consisting of LaAlO 3 , SrAl 2 O 4 and BaAl 2 O 4 in the range from 5 to 35% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight. The BET surface area of the catalyst is ≧5 m 2 /g, preferably ≧10 m 2 /g. The molar nickel content of the catalyst is ≦3 mol %, preferably ≦2.5 mol % and more preferably ≦2 mol %. The interlayer cations are preferably Ba and/or Sr. The process for producing the catalyst comprises the steps: (i) production of a mixture of metal salts, preferably nitrate salts of Ni and also Sr and/or La, and a nanoparticulate aluminum source, (ii) molding and (iii) calcination. The catalyst of the invention is brought into contact with hydrocarbons, preferably methane, and CO 2 in a reforming process, preferably at a temperature of >800° C. The catalyst is also distinguished by structural and preferred properties of the nickel, namely that the nickel particles mostly have a tetragonal form and the particles have a size of ≦50 nm, preferably ≦40 nm and particularly preferably ≦30 nm, and are present finely dispersed as grown-on hexaaluminate particles. The catalyst has only a very low tendency for carbonaceous deposits to be formed.

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Номер записи: 57
14-01-2021 дата публикации

Processing methane for syngas production with reduced co2 emissions

Номер: US20210009411A1
Автор: Mahmoud EL-HALWAGI, Debalina Sengupta, Nimir ELBASHIR, Shaik AFZAL
Принадлежит: Qatar Foundation

A method for processing methane includes processing methane in presence of a carbon dioxide stream, whereby a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced. The synthesis gas is contacted with a carbon monoxide-absorbing solution, thereby removing at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and producing a final synthesis gas having an increased ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide.

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Номер записи: 58
10-01-2019 дата публикации

UNCONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CLEANING UP SAME FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSING

Номер: US20190010050A1
Автор: Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, Newport Dave G., Whitney Hamilton Sean Michael
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. An unconditioned syngas generated by steam reforming of biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide and suitable for the production of Fischer-Tropsch products therefrom , the unconditioned syngas having a component composition comprising:(a) a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;(b) a hydrogen concentration ranging from between 20 volume percent to 60 volume percent on a dry basis;(c) one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, cresol, and combinations thereof, the VOC concentration ranges from between 500 parts per million by volume to 10,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(d) one or more semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) selected from the group consisting of indene, indan, napthalene, methylnapthalene, acenapthylene, acenapthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, (methyl-) anthracenes/phenanthrenes, pyrene/fluoranthene, methylpyrenes/benzofluorenes, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes, methylbenz[a]anthracenes, perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,kl]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and combinations thereof, the SVOC concentration ranges from between 10 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(e) a hydrogen chloride concentration ranging from between greater than 0 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; and(f) a hydrogen sulfide concentration ...

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Номер записи: 59
09-01-2020 дата публикации

SCALABLE HEAT EXCHANGER REFORMER FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION

Номер: US20200010318A1
Автор: Farace Antonio, Ratan Sanjiv, WALSPURGER Stéphane
Принадлежит:

Heat exchanger-reformer for use in a hydrogen production plant for producing syngas, for instance by means of a steam methane reforming method, wherein the reformer comprises vessel with a first inlet for supplying feed and a second inlet for supplying hot reformer effluent, preferably coming from a main steam methane reformer, wherein the heat exchanger-reformer further comprises a heat exchanging section that is arranged in fluid connection with the first and second inlets for exchanging heat between the feed and reformer effluent to effectuate steam reforming of hydrocarbon to produce syngas, wherein the heat exchanging section comprises a plate heat exchanger assembly for heat exchange between said feed and said reformer effluent. 1. A heat exchanger reformer for convective steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feed , wherein the heat exchanger reformer comprises a vessel having a plate assembly section placed therein comprising of several plates positioned at a distance from each other to provide at least alternating first and second channels between adjacent plates , which vessel comprises a first inlet at a first end of the plate assembly section for supplying a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed and steam to the first channels and causing the mixture to flow in a direction toward a second end of the plate assembly section , which vessel also comprises a second inlet close to the second end of the plate assembly for supplying hot reformer effluent as a heating gas flow to the second channels , wherein the second channels comprise a first and a second section which are connected to each other , wherein the first section is provided for conducting the hot reformer effluent in a direction towards the first end of the plate assembly counter current to the flow of the hydrocarbon feed and steam mixture in the first channels , and the second section is provided for conducting the hot reformer effluent to flow in cross direction of the first channels , which second channels ...

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Номер записи: 60
09-01-2020 дата публикации

CO-PRODUCTION OF METHANOL AND AMMONIA

Номер: US20200010333A1
Автор: Han Pat A., Heidarpanah Mitra
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

Process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. 1. Process for co-producing methanol and ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock , said process comprising the steps of: 'from a second methanol processes, comprising a second reforming step and a second methanol conversion step obtaining a second effluent comprising methanol and a second gas effluent comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and unconverted carbon oxides', 'a) from a first methanol process, comprising a first reforming step and first methanol conversion step obtaining a first effluent comprising methanol and a first gas effluent comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and unconverted carbon oxides, and'}{'sub': '2', 'b) producing an ammonia synthesis gas from the first and/or second gas effluent in a common catalytic methanation stage and withdrawing said ammonia synthesis gas preferably having a H:N2 molar ratio of 3:1;'}c) catalytically converting the nitrogen and hydrogen of the ammonia synthesis gas in a common ammonia synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent comprising ammonia and a purge-gas stream comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and/or methane.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein in each of the first and second methanol processes claim 1 , the following steps are carried out:1) producing a methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon oxides and nitrogen by steam reforming the hydrocarbon feedstock in a reforming section comprising a primary and a secondary reforming stage;2) catalytically converting the carbon oxides and hydrogen of the methanol synthesis gas in a once-through methanol synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent comprising methanol and a gas effluent comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and unconverted carbon oxides.3. Process according to claim 2 , wherein the secondary reforming stage is an air- ...

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Номер записи: 61
15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF MAKING PYROCHLORES

Номер: US20150014591A1
Автор: "DSouza Lawrence", Viswanath Vinu
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a method of making a pyrochlore comprising, obtaining a solution comprising a solvent and a metal precursor or salt thereof capable of forming a pyrochlore, wherein the metal precursor or salt thereof is dissolved in the solvent, subjecting the solution to a drying step to obtain a non-gelled or non-polymerized pyrochlore precursor material in powdered form, and subjecting the pyrochlore precursor material to a calcination step to obtain a pyrochlore.

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Номер записи: 62
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Process for producing ammonia synthesis gas and a related front-end of an ammonia plant

Номер: US20150014596A1
Автор: Ermanno Filippi, Raffaele Ostuni
Принадлежит: Casale SA

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon source, comprising: conversion of the hydrocarbon source into a raw synthesis gas ( 14 ) in ATR or POX reactor ( 11 ) which is fired with oxygen ( 12 ) or oxygen-enriched air ( 28 ); a water-gas shift treatment of the raw synthesis gas ( 14 ), which consist of a medium-temperature shift ( 15 ) at a temperature of 200-300° C., thus obtaining a shifted synthesis gas ( 16 ); purification of said shifted synthesis gas ( 16 ) including at least a step of pressure-swing adsorption ( 17 ) to remove residual carbon oxides and methane from the synthesis gas, obtaining a purified synthesis gas ( 18 ), and optionally, addition of nitrogen ( 19 ) to said purified synthesis gas ( 18 ), thus obtaining ammonia synthesis gas with a desired hydrogen to nitrogen ratio.

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Номер записи: 63
03-02-2022 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LOWER OLEFIN-CONTAINING GAS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LOWER OLEFIN-CONTAINING GAS

Номер: US20220032252A1
Автор: Banba Yuichiro, Fukushima Masayuki, Kato Sadahiro, MASUDA Takao, NAKAI Yukako, NAKASAKA Yuta, NISHII Mai, Sekine Kaori, YOSHIKAWA Takuya
Принадлежит: FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

An apparatus and method for producing a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene from CHand COvia CO and Hwith high activity and high selectivity. The apparatus is provided with: a synthetic gas production unit to which a gas containing CHand COis supplied from a first supply unit, and which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and Hwhile heating a first catalytic structure; a gas production unit to which the synthetic gas is supplied and which generates a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene while heating a second catalytic structure; and a detection unit which detects propylene discharged from the gas production unit, in which the first catalytic structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle in the first supports, the first supports have a first channels, the first metal fine particle is present in the first channels, the second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports, the second supports have a second channels, and a portion of the second channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less. 1. An apparatus for producing a lower olefin-containing gas containing propylene , the apparatus comprising:a first supply unit that supplies a raw material gas comprising methane and carbon dioxide;a synthesis gas production unit that comprises a first catalyst structure, receives supply of the raw material gas from the first supply unit, and produces a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methane and carbon dioxide in the raw material gas while heating the first catalyst structure;a second supply unit that supplies the synthesis gas discharged from the synthesis gas production unit;a lower olefin-containing gas production unit that comprises a second catalyst structure, receives supply of the synthesis gas from the second supply unit, and produces, from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the ...

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Номер записи: 64
09-01-2020 дата публикации

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20200014047A1
Автор: DOI Yasutoshi, HAYASAKA Atsushi, MUKOBARA Yuki, OSADA Yasuhiro, SUGIURA Takayuki, TAMURA Takahiro
Принадлежит:

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel gas supply line, an oxidizing agent gas supply line, a fuel gas discharge line, and a reformer provided in the fuel gas supply line. A first circulating line circulates the fuel gas from the fuel gas discharge line to an upstream side of the reformer in the fuel gas supply line as a first circulating gas. The circulation device is provided in the fuel gas supply line, and suctions the first circulating gas by using the flow of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas supply line as a driving flow. A second circulating line circulates the fuel gas from a downstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line or the fuel gas discharge line to the upstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line as a second circulating gas. 1. A fuel cell system , comprising:a fuel cell having an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel;a fuel gas supply line configured to supply a fuel gas to the anode flow channel;an oxidizing agent gas supply line configured to supply an oxidizing agent gas to the cathode flow channel;a fuel gas discharge line through which the fuel gas discharged from the anode flow channel flows;a reformer provided in the fuel gas supply line so as to reform the fuel gas;a first circulating line configured to circulate the fuel gas from the fuel gas discharge line to an upstream side of the reformer in the fuel gas supply line as a first circulating gas;a circulation device provided in the fuel gas supply line and being configured to suction the first circulating gas by using the flow of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas supply line as a driving flow; anda second circulating line configured to circulate the fuel gas from a downstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line or the fuel gas discharge line to the upstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line as a second circulating gas.2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 65
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Microchannel processor

Номер: US20170014795A1
Автор: Andreas Munding, Anna Lee Tonkovich, Barry L. Yang, Bin Yang, Jeffrey Marco, Jennifer Marco, Kai Tod Paul Jarosch, Paul Neagle, Ravi Arora, Sara Kampfe, Thomas Yuschak
Принадлежит: Velocys Inc

This invention relates to an apparatus, comprising: a plurality of plates in a stack defining at least one process layer and at least one heat exchange layer, each plate having a peripheral edge, the peripheral edge of each plate being welded to the peripheral edge of the next adjacent plate to provide a perimeter seal for the stack, the ratio of the average surface area of each of the adjacent plates to the average penetration of the weld between the adjacent plates being at least about 100 cm 2 /mm. The stack may be used as the core assembly for a microchannel processor. The microchannel processor may be used for conducting one or more unit operations, including chemical reactions such as SMR reactions.

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Номер записи: 66
19-01-2017 дата публикации

CATALYST PREPARATION METHOD

Номер: US20170014809A1
Автор: BIRDSALL David James, Carlsson Mikael Per Uno, Feaviour Mark Robert, French Samuel Arthur, Oliver Jonathan Geoffrey
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support. 1. An eggshell catalyst comprising a layer of nickel oxide of thickness ≦1000 μm on the surface of a calcined , shaped calcium aluminate cement support.2. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the calcium aluminate support comprises calcium aluminate cement powder and at least one of alumina and lime.3. An eggshell catalyst according to further comprising an alkali metal oxide.4. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a shaped pellet or extrudate.5. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through.6. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having between 1 and 12 holes extending there-through and between 2 and 20 flutes or lobes.7. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein the support has 4 holes extending there-though and 4 lobes.8. An eggshell catalyst according to wherein nickel oxide content of the catalyst is in the range 2-25% wt.9. A process for the steam reforming of a hydrocarbon comprising the step of contacting a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam with a catalyst according to .10. A process according to wherein the steam reforming is selected from primary steam reforming claim 9 , and secondary reforming of a primary reformed gas mixture.11 ...

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Номер записи: 67
03-02-2022 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20220033712A1
Автор: Banba Yuichiro, Fukushima Masayuki, Kato Sadahiro, MASUDA Takao, NAKAI Yukako, NAKASAKA Yuta, NISHII Mai, Sekine Kaori, YOSHIKAWA Takuya
Принадлежит: FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and lower olefins including propylene from CHand COthrough CO and Hwith high activity and high selectivity. The apparatus is provided with: a synthetic gas production unit to which a gas containing CHand COis supplied from a first supply unit, and which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and Hwhile heating a first catalyst structure; a production unit to which the synthetic gas is supplied and which generates hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and lower olefins including propylene while heating a second catalyst structure; and a detection unit which detects propylene and the aromatic hydrocarbons discharged from the production unit, in which the first catalyst structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle in the first supports, the first supports have a first channels, the first metal fine particle is present in the first channels, the second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports, the second supports have a second channels, and a portion of the second channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less. 1. An apparatus for producing hydrocarbons including lower olefins including propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons having six or more and ten or less carbon atoms , the apparatus comprising:a first supply unit that supplies a raw material gas comprising methane and carbon dioxide;a synthesis gas production unit that comprises a first catalyst structure, receives supply of the raw material gas from the first supply unit, and produces a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methane and carbon dioxide in the raw material gas while heating the first catalyst structure;a second supply unit that supplies the synthesis gas discharged from the synthesis gas production unit;a hydrocarbon production ...

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Номер записи: 68
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Process for converting of methane steam reforming syngas with co2

Номер: US20170015549A1
Автор: Aghaddin Kh. Mammadov, Clark David REA, Shahid Shaikh
Принадлежит: Saudi Basic Industries Corp

In an embodiment, a process of making C 2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650° C.; and converting the product syngas to C 2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H 2 :CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H 2 :CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

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Номер записи: 69
21-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20160016793A1
Автор: Nataraj Shankar, Peng Xiang-Dong, Repasky John Michael, Wang Shoou-I
Принадлежит:

Reactive diluent fluid () is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“PDX”) reactor () to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted () with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit () such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

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Номер записи: 70
21-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND SOLID CARBON

Номер: US20160016794A1
Автор: Noyes Dallas B.
Принадлежит: Seerstone LLC

A method for producing hydrogen, includes heating a process feed gas stream, flowing the process feed gas stream into a first reaction zone, flowing the intermediate gas stream into a second reaction zone, removing the solid carbon product from the second reaction zone, removing the tail gas stream from the second reaction zone, and removing hydrogen from the tail gas stream. The process gas stream includes methane and steam. The first reaction zone contains a first catalyst, and at least a portion of the process feed gas stream is converted into an intermediate gas stream in the first reaction zone. The second reaction zone contains a second catalyst, and at least a portion of the intermediate gas stream is converted into a tail gas stream and a solid carbon product in the second reaction zone.

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Номер записи: 71
18-01-2018 дата публикации

Reformer Apparatus and Method

Номер: US20180016140A1
Автор: Johnston Anthony M.
Принадлежит:

A multiple adiabatic bed reforming apparatus and process are disclosed in which stage-wise combustion, in combination with multiple reforming chambers with catalyst, utilize co-flow and cross-flow under laminar flow conditions, to provide a reformer suitable for smaller production situations as well as large scale production. A passive stage by stage fuel distribution network suitable for low pressure fuel is incorporated and the resistances in successive fuel distribution lines control the amount of fuel delivered to each combustion stage. 127-. (canceled)28. A reactor system , comprising:i) at least one pre-reformer stage configured to convert at least a portion of a gaseous hydrocarbon-steam stream to form a pre-reformed stream;ii) a printed circuit reformer system configured to form a flue gas stream and to convert the pre-reformed stream into a syngas stream, the syngas stream at a temperature above metal dusting conditions; andiii) a first heat integration system configured to heat the at least one pre-reformer stage with at least a portion of the flue gas stream.29. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 28 , wherein the printed circuit reformer system comprises a heat exchanger configured to bring a heated air stream and the pre-reformed stream into thermal communication to form a partially cooled heated air stream and a heated pre-reformed stream.30. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 29 , wherein the printed circuit reformer system comprises a printed circuit reformer stage configured to at least partially reform the heated pre-reformed stream.31. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 30 , wherein the printed circuit reformer stage comprises a catalytic reforming bed.32. The printed circuit reactor system of claim 28 , further comprising a preheater configured to heat a fuel stream to form a heated fuel stream claim 28 , wherein the fuel stream is at a temperature below metal dusting conditions and the heated fuel stream is at a ...

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Номер записи: 72
17-01-2019 дата публикации

STEAM REFORMERS, MODULES, AND METHODS OF USE

Номер: US20190015805A1
Автор: Kim Changsik, Shi Yanlong, Zhao Jian L.
Принадлежит: Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate. 1. A reactor module , comprising: a catalyst bed disposed within the cavity to receive heat conducted by the thermally conductive shell, the catalyst bed comprising at least one reforming catalyst;', 'a first channel configured to provide a reactant stream to at least a portion of the catalyst bed;', 'a second channel configured to receive a product stream from at least a portion of the catalyst bed, and', 'a partition wall interposed between at least a portion of the first channel and at least a portion of the second channel through which heat is exchanged between at least a portion of the product stream and at least a portion of the reactant stream;, 'a thermally conductive shell having a ...

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Номер записи: 73
17-01-2019 дата публикации

A REFORMER FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

Номер: US20190016594A1
Автор: ALIZADEH Ali, SINGH Paul
Принадлежит:

A reformer for producing syngas from a feed gas; the reformer contains a syngas reaction container having a partial oxidation (PDX) feed gas inlet, a dry reforming (DRM) feed gas inlet, and an outlet permitting a syngas to exit the syngas reaction container. The syngas reaction container has a PDX reaction zone and a DRM reaction zone. The DRM reaction zone is positioned downstream from the PDX reaction zone. The DRM reaction zone has a DRM reactor for performing a DRM reaction. One or more heat exchangers are provided in the syngas reaction container for controlling the temperature of the feed gases and/or reactions; wherein heat from the PDX reaction is used to heat the DRM reactor zone for performing the DRM reaction. Also, disclosed is a process for producing syngas from a feed gas and a system for performing a Fischer Tropsch reaction. 1. A reformer , comprising:a syngas reaction container having a partial oxidation (PDX) feed gas inlet for receiving a PDX feed gas, a dry reforming (DRM) feed gas inlet for receiving a DRM feed gas, and an outlet permitting a syngas to exit the syngas reaction container;a PDX reaction zone in the syngas reaction container for performing a PDX reaction on the PDX feed gas to form a portion of the syngas;a DRM reaction zone in the syngas reaction container, the DRM reaction zone being downstream from the PDX reaction zone, the DRM reaction zone having a DRM reactor for performing a DRM reaction on the DRM feed gas to form another portion of the syngas, the DRM reactor being in fluid communication with the DRM feed gas from the DRM feed gas inlet; and 'wherein heat from the PDX reaction is used to heat the DRM reactor zone for performing the DRM reaction.', 'one or more heat exchangers in the syngas reaction container for controlling the temperature of the feed gases and/or reactions;'}2. The reformer according to claim 1 , wherein the PDX reaction zone is positioned proximate the PDX feed gas inlet and the DRM reaction zone is ...

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Номер записи: 74
21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUNCTIONAL NANOSCALE METAL OXIDES FOR STABLE METAL SINGLE ATOM AND CLUSTER CATALYSTS

Номер: US20210016256A1
Автор: LI Xu, Liu Jingyue
Принадлежит:

A nanocomposite catalyst includes a support, a multiplicity of nanoscale metal oxide clusters coupled to the support, and one or more metal atoms coupled to each of the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. Fabricating a nanocomposite catalyst includes forming nanoscale metal oxide clusters including a first metal on a support, and depositing one or more metal atoms including a second metal on the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. The nanocomposite catalyst is suitable for catalyzing reactions such as CO oxidation, water-gas-shift, reforming of COand methanol, and oxidation of natural gas. 1. A nanocomposite catalyst comprising:a support;a multiplicity of nanoscale metal oxide clusters coupled to the support; andone or more metal atoms coupled to each of the nanoscale metal oxide clusters.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises a refractory material having a surface area of at least 50 m/g or at least 100 m/g.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the support comprises silica claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , magnesia claim 2 , zirconia claim 2 , cordierite claim 2 , mullite claim 2 , perovskite or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the support is powdered.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nanoscale metal oxide clusters comprise CeO claim 1 , CoO claim 1 , FeOTiO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , NiO claim 1 , MO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , ZrOor any combination thereof.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the nanoscale metal oxide clusters comprise CeO claim 5 , COO claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , CuO claim 5 , NiO claim 5 , MnO claim 5 , NbO claim 5 , ZrOor any combination thereof.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal atoms independently comprise one or more transition metal atoms.8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the one or more metal atoms independently comprise one or more precious metal atoms.9. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the one or more metal atoms comprise Pt claim 8 , Pd claim 8 , Rh claim 8 , Au ...

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Номер записи: 75
21-01-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING METHANOL AND AMMONIA

Номер: US20210017023A1
Автор: Ingham Alan, Janardhanan Madhanakrishnan, PACH John David, Yiu Kar Chi
Принадлежит:

A process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia is described comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first synthesis gas stream by reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam in a steam reformer, (b) forming a second synthesis gas stream in parallel to the first synthesis gas stream by reacting a second portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas and steam in an autothermal reformer, (c) synthesising methanol from a first process gas comprising the first synthesis gas stream, and (d) synthesising ammonia from a second process gas prepared from the second synthesis gas stream, wherein a purge stream containing hydrogen is recovered from the methanol synthesis step (c) and a portion of the purge gas stream is fed to the autothermal reformer and/or the second synthesis gas in step (b). 1. A process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first synthesis gas stream by reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam in a steam reformer , (b) forming a second synthesis gas stream in parallel to the first synthesis gas stream by reacting a second portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas and steam in an autothermal reformer , (c) synthesising methanol from a first process gas comprising the first synthesis gas stream , and (d) synthesising ammonia from a second process gas prepared from the second synthesis gas stream , wherein a purge stream containing hydrogen is recovered from the methanol synthesis step (c) and a portion of the purge gas stream is fed to the autothermal reformer and/or the second synthesis gas in step (b).2. A process according to wherein the purge gas stream containing hydrogen is separated into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a hydrogen-depleted gas stream and the hydrogen-rich gas stream is combined with the second synthesis gas stream.3. A process according to wherein the hydrogen-depleted gas is fed to the autothermal ...

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Номер записи: 76
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the fischer-tropsch reaction

Номер: US20140102981A1
Автор: Lino Locatelli, Roberta Miglio
Принадлежит: Eni Spa

Process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction which comprises feeding said aqueous stream to one or more pervaporation units obtaining an aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds (retentate side) and an aqueous stream enriched in water (permeate side), feeding said aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds to a saturator obtaining a gaseous stream leaving the saturator, feeding said gaseous stream to a synthesis gas production plant. Said process allows at least a part of the aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to be used as process water in a synthesis gas production plant, subsequently sent to a Fischer-Tropsch plant for the production of hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 77
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Method for hydrogen production

Номер: US20140105814A1
Автор: Barbara CUCCHIELLA, Elena Antonetti, Gaetano Iaquaniello
Принадлежит: Stamicarbon BV

The present invention relates to a method for hydrogen production and to a method of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production from syngas. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) separating at least part of hydrogen from the stream yielding a hydrogen-depleted stream, (iii) subjecting the hydrogen-depleted stream to a water-gas shift reaction, and (iv) separating hydrogen from the stream resulting from step (iii). The method according to the invention improves the conversion of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reaction and allows to increase the hydrogen production by 10-15% and to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system by 5-7%. The invention further relates to a plant for hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production suitable for the method of the invention.

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Номер записи: 78
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHANOL STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS

Номер: US20160023193A1
Автор: Castellano Christopher R., Farrauto Robert J., Zhang Qinglin
Принадлежит:

Novel catalysts, substantially free of Cu and Zn, useful for the reformation of methanol and steam into Hfor use in hydrogen fuel cells and their use are described herein. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of making a catalyst for reforming methanol and steam into hydrogen gas for use in hydrogen fuel cells , the method comprising: a complex or salt of a first metal,', 'a complex or salt of a second element capable of forming an alloy with the first metal, and', 'a complex or salt of at least one promoter element;, '(a) forming a first aqueous solution comprising(b) forming a second aqueous solution comprising sodium carbonate;(c) adding a solid support to the second aqueous solution to form a slurry;(d) mixing the first aqueous solution with the slurry to form a second slurry;(e) milling the second slurry;(f) drying the second slurry to form a pre-catalyst; and(g) calcining the pre-catalyst to form a catalyst.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Pt and Pd.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the second element capable of forming an alloy with the first metal is Ga.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the at least one promoter element is Zr.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the first aqueous solution further comprises a complex or salt of a second promoter element claim 24 , and wherein the second promoter element is Y.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the first aqueous solution further comprises a complex or salt of a third promoter element claim 25 , and wherein the third promoter element is Ba.27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the first aqueous solution further comprises a complex or salt of a second promoter element claim 24 , and wherein second promoter element is Ba.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the first aqueous solution further comprises a complex or salt of a third promoter element claim 27 , and wherein the third promoter element is Fe.29. The method of claim 21 , wherein the solid support ...

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Номер записи: 79
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20170022056A1
Автор: Christensen Thomas Sandahl, Elholm Pia
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

Process for the production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feed containing higher hydrocarbons comprising by-passing a portion of the hydrocarbon feed around a first pre-reforming stage and passing the pre-reformed and bypassed portions through at least a second pre-reforming stage. 1. Process for the production of a synthesis gas for use in the production of chemical compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher hydrocarbons comprising the steps of:(a) splitting the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least two streams, the first stream in the form of a major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and the second stream in the form of a by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream;(b) adding steam to the major hydrocarbon feedstock stream and pre-reforming this stream to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and higher hydrocarbons;(c) combining the bypassed hydrocarbon feedstock stream of step (a) with the pre-reformed gas of step (b) and pre-reforming the thus combined gas to a pre-reformed gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;(d) reforming in a reforming stage the pre-reformed gas of step (c) into a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.2. Process according to further comprising the step of a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstock prior to splitting in step (a).3. Process according to further comprising prior to the pre-refoiming stage of step (b) or (c) the step of: a hydrodesulfurization stage removing sulphur compounds in the major hydrocarbon feed stock stream claim 1 , or the by-pass hydrocarbon feedstock stream claim 1 , or both.4. Process according to in which the pre-reforming stage of step (b) is operated at a steam-to-carbon ratio in the range 0.60-1.30 calculated as steam-to-carbon ratio claim 1 , while the pre-reforming stage of step (c) is operated at a lower steam-to-carbon ratio and which is in the range 0.30-0 ...

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Номер записи: 80
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR GENERATING SYNGAS FROM A CO2-RICH HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FEED GAS

Номер: US20170022057A1
Автор: Guzmann Marcus, Heucke Ulrich, Mabrouk Rachid, Ranke Harald
Принадлежит:

A process for generating a syngas from a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, wherein a CO-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H- and CO-comprising syngas. At least COis removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step. 1. Process for generating a syngas from a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas , wherein a CO2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H2- and CO-comprising syngas ,characterized in that at least CO2 is removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step, wherein, during the scrubbing, a CO2-rich stream is generated that has a pressure in the range from 20 bar to 100 bar, and wherein the CO2-rich stream is used as feed for a synthesis or to support the extraction of oil, wherein the CO2-rich stream is injected into an oil deposit in order to increase the pressure in the oil deposit.2. Process according claim 1 , characterized in that the feed gas is conducted downstream of the scrubbing through an adsorber unit claim 1 , wherein one or more sulfur compounds that are still present in the feed gas are adsorbed in the adsorber unit and in this case removed from the feed gas.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the syngas that is generated is divided into first and second syngas substreams claim 1 , wherein the first syngas substream is used as feed for a synthesis claim 1 , and wherein the second syngas substream is subjected to a water-gas shift reaction claim 1 , wherein CO of the second syngas substream is reacted with H2O to form H2 and CO2 in order to reduce the CO content in the second syngas ...

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Номер записи: 81
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR THE GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20170022058A1
Автор: Göke Volker, Kandziora Christine, Ranke Harald, Seliger Andreas
Принадлежит:

A process and system for the generation of synthesis gas that is provided, in particular, for preparing hydrocarbon-containing fuel, ammonia or urea. The process follows the steps of providing a first feed gas stream of methane and reacting the first feed gas stream with steam in a reforming step, obtaining a synthesis gas stream of CO and H. It is further provided that at least one first substream is separated off from the feed gas stream before the reforming step, the first substream is then burnt with a second feed gas stream of at least 95% by volume oxygen to give an exhaust gas stream comprising COand water, and at least one part of the exhaust gas stream is recirculated to the feed gas stream after the first substream is separated off. 2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the heat arising in the combustion of the first substream is transferred to the reforming step.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that another part of the exhaust gas stream is recirculated to the first substream.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the second feed gas stream is provided by the gas separation of air claim 1 , wherein a third feed gas stream substantially comprising nitrogen is additionally provided by the gas separation.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the synthesis gas stream comprising CO and His cooled claim 1 , with generation of steam.6. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one second substream is separated off from the synthesis gas stream comprising CO and H claim 1 , which at least one second substream is reacted in a watergas-shift reaction step to give a crude hydrogen stream claim 1 , wherein CO and water are reacted to give COand H.7. The process according to claim 6 , characterized in that a first tail gas stream which comprises CO claim 6 , and H claim 6 , unreacted CO and/or unreacted methane claim 6 , is separated off from the crude ...

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Номер записи: 82
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Operation Method for Hydrogen Production Apparatus, and Hydrogen Production Apparatus

Номер: US20180022605A1
Автор: Murata Kazuhiko, Shimizu Tsubasa, Takagi Satoshi
Принадлежит:

A hydrogen production apparatus including a desulfurized, a reformer, a CO transformer a gas flow path, and a purge gas supply path which is provided where a purge gas is supplied to an upstream side of a pressure feeding apparatus in the gas flow path, prior to a stopping operation, a purging step of replacing gas within the gas flow path with the purge gas and filling the purge gas into the gas flow path is performed, and in a start-up operation in which a heating means is operated to increase the temperature of the gas within the gas flow path, which is performed prior to a hydrogen purification operation, a pressure increasing step of supplying the purge gas from the purge gas supply path to the closed circulation circuit and increasing the pressure within the closed circulation circuit is performed. 16.-. (canceled)7. An operation method for a hydrogen production apparatus , the hydrogen production apparatus comprising a desulfurizer that desulfurizes a source gas , a reformer that heats the desulfurized source gas in a state mixed with steam with a heating means and obtains a reformed gas , a CO transformer that causes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas to react with steam , and a hydrogen purification unit that separates impurities other than hydrogen from transformed gas after processing by the CO transformer to purify hydrogen gas , the operation method comprising:providing a gas flow path that allows gas to flow to the desulfurizer, the reformer, the CO transformer, and the hydrogen purification unit, and providing a pressure feeding apparatus that causes gas to flow in the gas flow path,providing a hydrogen purification operation for driving the heating means and the pressure feeding apparatus to supply the source gas to the gas flow path, and a stopping operation for stopping driving of the heating means and the pressure feeding apparatus, being performed in order,providing in the gas flow path a closed circulation circuit that returns and circulates ...

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Номер записи: 83
10-02-2022 дата публикации

BI-REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS TO PRODUCE SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20220041441A1
Автор: "DSouza Lawrence", AL-HOWAISH Ibrahim Khaled, HADHRAMI-AL Ahmed E., LAKDAWALA Shabbir Taherbhai
Принадлежит: Sabic Global Technologies B.V.

Disclosed are catalysts, methods, and systems for the bi-reforming of hydrocarbons. The method includes contacting a catalyst material with a reactant feed that includes hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and water (HO) to produce a product stream that has a H/CO molar ratio of 1.4:1 to 2:1. The catalyst can have a metal oxide core, a redox metal oxide layer deposited on a surface of the metal oxide core, and a catalytically active metal deposited on the surface of the redox metal oxide layer. A dopant can be included in the redox metal oxide layer. The catalyst can have a corm-shell type structure. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas from methane , the method comprising contacting a reactant gas stream that includes hydrogen (H) , carbon monoxide (CO) , carbon dioxide (CO) , methane (CH) , and water (HO) with a catalyst material under conditions sufficient to produce a gaseous product stream comprising Hand CO in a H/CO molar ratio of 1.4 to 2.0 , wherein the catalyst material comprises:a chemically inactive metal oxide core;a redox metal oxide layer deposited on a surface of the metal oxide core, the redox metal oxide layer comprising a dopant; anda catalytically active metal deposited on the surface of the redox metal oxide layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction conditions include a temperature of 700° C. to 1000° C. claim 1 , a pressure of about 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa claim 1 , and a gas hourly space velocity of 500 hto 100 claim 1 ,000 h.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant stream comprises 25 vol. % to 40 vol. % H claim 1 , 5 vol. % to 30 vol. % CO claim 1 , 5 vol. % to 20 vol. % CO claim 1 , 10 vol. % to 30 vol. % CH claim 1 , and 10 vol. % to 30 vol. % HO.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reactant stream comprises 30 vol. % to 35 vol. % H claim 3 , 10 vol. % to 20 vol. % CO claim 3 , 10 vol. % to 15 vol. % CO claim 3 , 15 vol. % to 20 vol. % CH claim 3 , and 15 vol. % to 20 vol. % HO.5. The ...

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Номер записи: 84
10-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING A SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20220041442A1
Автор: Coleman Luke J., Kim Kihyung, Shah Minish M., Swindlehurst Garrett R.
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides for a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for the substantial removal of HO and COfrom a synthesis gas to obtain a multicomponent product gas substantially free of HO and COwith high recovery of the product gas. Further, the present invention provides an integrated process that achieves sufficiently high Hand CO recoveries such that compression and recycling of the syngas purification PSA tailgas is not necessary to be economically advantageous compared to the conventional processes. 1. An integrated process for the individual recovery of at least a purified H-rich gas and a purified CO-rich gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2, 'a. introducing a hydrocarbon feedstock into a syngas generating unit and generating a superatmospheric pressure syngas stream consisting essentially of at least H, CO, CH, CO, and HO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b. feeding the generated superatmospheric pressure syngas stream to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA)-based purification process unit to produce a superatmospheric pressure syngas stream substantially free of HO and CO,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'c. routing the superatmospheric pressure syngas stream substantially free of HO and COto a separation system producing at least a H-rich stream and a CO-rich stream; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'd. wherein the PSA-based purification process unit is purged with high-purity Nstream for a first portion of a purge phase and with H-containing gas substantially free of HO and COfor a second portion of the purge phase.'}2. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas generation system is selected from a steam reformer claim 1 , an autothermal reformer claim 1 , or a partial oxidation reactor.3. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is natural gas.4. The integrated process of claim 1 , wherein the high-purity Na stream used during the first portion of the purge phase is generated by a cryogenic air ...

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Номер записи: 85
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Process for producing ammonia synthesis gas

Номер: US20190023565A1
Автор: Ermanno Filippi, Francesco Baratto, Raffaele Ostuni, Sergio Panza
Принадлежит: Casale SA

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, with steps of primary reforming, secondary reforming with an oxidant stream, and further treatment of the synthesis gas including shift, removal of carbon dioxide and methanation, wherein the synthesis gas delivered by secondary reforming is subject to a medium-temperature shift (MTS) at a temperature between 200 and 350.degree. C., and primary reforming is operated with a steam-to-carbon ratio lower than 2. A corresponding method for revamping an ammonia plant is disclosed, where an existing HTS reactor is modified to operate at medium temperature, or replaced with a new MTS reactor, and the steam-to-carbon ratio in the primary reformer is lowered to a value in the range 1-5-2, thus reducing inert steam in the flow rate trough the equipments of the front-end.

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Номер записи: 86
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Producing a Hydrogen-Containing Product

Номер: US20190023567A1
Автор: Saloway Simon Craig
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

Process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing product by steam-hydrocarbon reforming of multiple hydrocarbon feedstocks in a production facility utilizing a prereformer in addition to the primary reformer. The temperature of the reactant mixture introduced into the prereformer is controlled depending on the composition of the reactant mixture fed to the prereformer. 2. The process of wherein during the first time period the process further comprises:passing the second fraction of the first reactant gas mixture from the bypass conduit to the catalyst-containing reactor, introducing the second fraction of the first reactant gas mixture into the catalyst-containing reactor as at least another portion of the feed to the catalyst-containing reactor, reacting the second fraction of the first reactant gas mixture in the catalyst-containing reactor, wherein the effluent from the catalyst-containing reactor is also formed from the second fraction of the first reactant gas mixture.3. The process of wherein during the second time period the process further comprises:passing the second fraction of the second reactant gas mixture from the heat exchanger to the catalyst-containing reactor, introducing the second fraction of the second reactant gas mixture into the catalyst-containing reactor as at least another portion of the feed to the catalyst-containing reactor, reacting the second fraction of the second reactant gas mixture in the catalyst-containing reactor, wherein the effluent from the catalyst-containing reactor is also formed from the second fraction of the second reactant gas mixture .4. The process ofwherein the first fraction or all of the first reactant gas mixture is cooled in the heat exchanger by indirect heat exchange with boiler feed water.5. The process ofwherein when passing the first fraction or all of the first reactant gas mixture from the heat exchanger to the catalyst-containing reactor, the first fraction or all of the first reactant gas ...

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Номер записи: 87
24-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING ASSOCIATED GAS

Номер: US20190024003A1
Автор: Eddy Steven K., Grottenthaler David L., Hoaglan Dean C., JOHNSON Michael R., Johnson Scott V., Kennon Robert Terry, Losch Kenneth, Neutzler Jay K., Rapier Charles Robert, Smith Adam, Steill Jason S.
Принадлежит:

A volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a steam reformer system to create synthesis gas. 1. A gas conversion system to form a product gas from an associated gas stream , wherein the associated gas stream contains methane and non-methane hydrocarbons , the gas conversion system comprising:a steam generator capable of receiving system water and outputting steam;a mixing valve system capable of flow controlling at least a portion of the associated gas stream and the steam, and outputting a feed gas which is a mixture of the steam and the at least a portion of the associated gas stream;a super heater capable of receiving the feed gas and superheating the feed gas to a predetermined temperature range to form a superheated feed gas;a heavy hydrocarbon reactor containing a first catalyst having a leading edge and capable of receiving the superheated feed gas onto the leading edge and cracking a portion of non-methane hydrocarbons of the superheated feed gas into carbon oxides and hydrogen to form a heavy hydrocarbon reactor wet reformate comprising the associated gas stream methane, the carbon oxides, and the hydrogen; anda synthetic natural gas generator containing a second catalyst capable of receiving the heavy hydrocarbon reactor dry reformate to convert a portion of the carbon oxides and the hydrogen into converted methane to form a synthetic natural wet processed gas containing the associated gas stream methane and the converted methane, wherein the synthetic natural wet processed gas has an overall higher methane mole fraction than the associated gas stream.2. The gas conversion system according to claim 1 , wherein the heavy hydrocarbon reactor is an isothermal reactor.3. The gas conversion system according to claim 1 , wherein the heavy hydrocarbon reactor is an adiabatic reactor.4. The gas conversion system according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide removal ...

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Номер записи: 88
29-01-2015 дата публикации

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AS AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM HYDROPYROLYSIS PRODUCT VAPORS

Номер: US20150027184A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L., Roberts Michael J.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing biomass into hydrocarbon fuels that includes processing a biomass in a hydropyrolysis reactor resulting in hydrocarbon fuels and a process vapor stream and cooling the process vapor stream to a condensation temperature resulting in an aqueous stream. The aqueous stream is sent to a catalytic reactor where it is oxidized to obtain a product stream containing ammonia and ammonium sulfate. A resulting cooled product vapor stream includes non-condensable process vapors comprising H, CH, CO, CO, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

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Номер записи: 89
28-01-2021 дата публикации

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20210024439A1
Автор: Bridges Robert, Cizeron Joel, Duggal Suchia, LAKHAPATRI Satish, McCormick Jarod, Patel Bipinkumar, Radaelli Guido, Rafique Humera A., Vuddagiri Srinivas
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. 1. A system for producing propylene , comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '4', '2', '2+, 'an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that receives methane (CH) and oxygen (O) and reacts the CHand the Oto yield an OCM product stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C compounds) including ethylene;'}a separations unit that receives the OCM product stream and yields an ethylene stream comprising ethylene from the OCM product stream;a dimerization reactor that receives a first portion of ethylene from the ethylene stream and reacts the ethylene in a dimerization reaction to yield a butene stream comprising butene compounds;{'sub': '4', 'a Cseparations unit that receives the butene stream and yields a butene-2 stream comprising butene-2 from the butene stream; and'}{'sub': '2+', 'a metathesis reactor that receives the butene-2 stream and a second portion of ethylene from the ethylene stream and reacts the butene-2 and the ethylene to yield a metathesis product stream comprising C compounds including propylene.'}2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a Cseparations unit that receives the metathesis product stream and separates the metathesis product stream to yield a Cstream comprising Ccompounds and a C stream comprising C compounds including propylene.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the separations unit receives the Cstream.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a Csplitter that receives the Cstream and separates the Cstream to yield an ethylene stream and an ethane stream.5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a hydrogenation unit that receives the Cstream prior to the ...

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Номер записи: 90
04-02-2016 дата публикации

MONOLITH CATALYST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REFORMING REACTION, PREPARATION METHOD FOR SAME, AND PREPARATION METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS GAS USING SAME

Номер: US20160030927A1
Автор: AHN Hongchan, CHANG Tae Sun, KIM Beon Sik, LEE Ji Hye, SUH Jeong Kwon, YOU Young Woo
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction and to a preparation method for same, and more specifically the invention provides a preparation method for a monolith catalyst for a methane reforming reaction using carbon dioxide, the method comprising a step of mixing and impregnating a support in a metal precursor solution, coating a monolith substrate with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating, drying same and then calcining the monolith substrate coated with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating. 1. A monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction comprising a support impregnating an active material represented by the following Formula 1 and a monolith substrate:{'br': None, 'i': a', 'b, '(X)-(Zr)/Z\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'where X is an active material of Co or Ni, Z is a support of SiOor AlO, a and b each represents parts per weight of X and Zr relative to component Z in order, and a is 5.0 to 30.0, and b is 1.0 to 30.0 relative to 100 parts by weight of the support (Z).'}2. The monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the shape of the monolith substrate is a honeycomb structure.3. A preparation method for a monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction comprising a support impregnating an active material represented by the following Formula 1 and a monolith substrate claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:mixing and impregnating a metal precursor solution with a support Z of the following Formula 1 so as to meet the component ratio of the following Formula 1 (step 1);coating a monolith substrate with the mixed and impregnated solution in step 1 (step 2);drying the monolith substrate coated with the mixed and impregnated solution in step 2 (step 3); and {'br': None, 'i': a', 'b, '(X)-(Zr)/Z\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}, 'calcining the dried monolith substrate after being coated with ...

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Номер записи: 91
02-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REVAMPING A FRONT-END OF AN AMMONIA PLANT

Номер: US20170029282A1
Автор: Filippi Ermanno, Ostuni Raffaele
Принадлежит: Casale SA

A method for revamping a front-end of an ammonia plant, said front-end comprising a reforming section () with air-fired secondary reformer or autothermal reformer (), a treatment section () of the effluent from said reforming section, and an air feed compressor (), wherein an O-containing stream () is directed to said reforming section () for use as oxidant, at least one nitrogen stream () is introduced at a suitable location of the front-end, to provide a desired molar ratio between hydrogen and nitrogen in the product gas, and at least part of said nitrogen stream () is compressed via said feed compressor (). 1. A method for revamping a front-end of an ammonia plant , said front-end delivering a product gas for the synthesis of ammonia and comprising:a reforming section, comprising an air-fired secondary reformer or autothermal reformer, operating at a front-end pressure;a treatment section treating the effluent from said reforming section;a feed compressor, originally arranged to feed air to said reforming section, for use as oxidant;the method comprising the steps of:directing an O2-containing stream to said reforming section for use as oxidant;introducing at least one nitrogen stream at a suitable location of the front-end, to provide a desired molar ratio between hydrogen and nitrogen in the product gas, andcompressing at least part of said nitrogen stream via said feed compressor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said O2-containing stream and said nitrogen stream are generated by an air separation unit.3. The method according to claim 2 , the revamping comprising also the provision of said air separation unit.4. The method according to any claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen stream is entirely compressed by said air compressor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen stream is delivered by an air separation unit and enters said air compressor at near-ambient pressure.6. The method according to claim claim 1 , wherein: a first nitrogen ...

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Номер записи: 92
29-01-2015 дата публикации

Process and catalyst system for the production of high quality syngas from light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide

Номер: US20150031922A1
Автор: Schuetzle Dennis, Schuetzle Robert
Принадлежит:

The present invention describes a process and catalysts for the conversion of a light hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide input stream into high quality syngas with the subsequent conversion of the syngas into fuels or chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an efficient, solid solution catalyst for the production of a carbon containing gas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a single transition metal, and the transition metal is nickel. 1. A solid solution catalyst for the production of high quality syngas from carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons , wherein the catalyst comprises a single transition metal , and wherein the transition metal is nickel.2. The solid solution catalyst of in which the catalyst contains 5-20 wt. % Ni.3. The catalyst of in which the catalyst has a high thermal stability up to 1 claim 1 ,100° C.4. The catalyst of which has good resistance to contaminants that may be present in captured COstreams claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , biogas or other gas feedstock streams.5. The catalyst of that does not require the use of precious metals.6. The catalyst of in which the catalyst does not form carbon (coking) during the COreforming processes.7. The process of which efficiently produces syngas under dry reforming conditions using selected mixtures of COand CH.8. The process of which efficiently produces syngas under dry reforming conditions using selected mixtures of COand C+hydrocarbons.9. The process of which efficiently produces syngas under dry/steam reforming conditions using selected mixtures of CH claim 1 , COand HO.10. The process of which efficiently produces high-quality syngas under dry/steam reforming conditions using selected mixtures of C+hydrocarbons claim 1 , COand HO.11. The process of which efficiently produces high-quality syngas under tri-reforming conditions using selected mixtures of CH claim 1 , CO claim 1 , HO and O.12. The process of which efficiently produces high-quality syngas ...

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Номер записи: 93
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Carrier for synthesis gas production catalyst, method of manufacturing the same, synthesis gas production catalyst, method of manufacturing the same and method of producing synthesis gas

Номер: US20190030515A1
Автор: Atsuro Nagumo, Fuyuki Yagi, Ryuichi Kanai
Принадлежит: Chiyoda Corp

This invention provides a carrier for a synthesis gas production catalyst that can suppress carbon depositions and allows to efficiently produce synthesis gas on a stable basis for a long duration of time when producing synthesis gas by carbon dioxide reforming. It is a carrier to be used for producing synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from source gas containing methane-containing light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. The carrier contains magnesium oxide grains and calcium oxide existing on the surfaces of magnesium oxide grains. The calcium oxide content thereof is between 0.005 mass % and 1.5 mass % in terms of Ca.

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Номер записи: 94
17-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND REACTOR TO PRODUCE SYNGAS

Номер: US20220048766A1
Автор: Granovskiy Mikhail
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a method and a reactor for the conversion of a hydrocarbon gas to syngas. The method and reactor utilizes a oxy-hydrogen flame to partially oxidize hydrocarbon gas to syngas by provide an excess flow of oxygen gas. The oxy-hydrogen flame is generated by a multi-tubular oxy-hydrogen burner. 1. A method of producing syngas comprising the steps of:a) providing an oxy-hydrogen flame generated by a multi-tubular oxy-hydrogen burner comprising an inner tube and an outer tube by delivering a flow of hydrogen gas through the inner tube and delivering a flow of oxygen gas through the outer tube of the multi-tubular oxy-hydrogen burner, wherein the delivered oxygen gas is provided in excess to the stoichiometric amount to completely burn the delivered hydrogen gas; andb) directly interacting hydrocarbon gas with the oxy-hydrogen flame by introducing the hydrocarbon gas upstream of the multi-tubular oxy-hydrogen burner to flow in a direction substantially parallel to the oxy-hydrogen flame, wherein the excess of the oxygen gas in the oxy-hydrogen flame partially oxidizes the hydrocarbon gas to produce syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises adjusting the flow of the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas to minimize their consumption per the syngas produced.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises adjusting the flow of the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas to obtain a desired ratio of hydrogen gas:carbon monoxide in the produced syngas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises adjusting the flow of the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas to maintain a stable flame plume and to suppress soot formation in continuous operation.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superficial velocity of the flow of the hydrogen is from about 100 ft/s to about 400 ft/s.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superficial velocity of the flow of the oxygen is from about 10 ft/s to about 50 ft/s.7. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 95
17-02-2022 дата публикации

Furnace control method

Номер: US20220048767A1
Автор: John David Pach, Matthew John Cousins, Michael Davies
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A method is described for controlling a furnace containing a plurality of catalyst-containing tubes heated by a combustion gas generated by a plurality of burners, said method comprising the steps of: (i) measuring path-averaged combustion gas temperatures on multiple paths through the furnace using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, (ii) periodically measuring temperatures of surfaces within the furnace to obtain periodic surface temperature information, (iii) entering the path-averaged combustion gas temperatures and periodic surface temperature information into a computer model of the furnace, said model comprising parameters for controlling the furnace; and (iv) using the computer model and the temperature information to obtain optimised parameters for controlling the furnace. A system for performing the method is also described.

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Номер записи: 96
17-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND SEPARATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20220048768A1
Автор: SCHMID McGUIINESS Teja, SCHMIDT Sophia
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam, and for separation of carbon dioxide. The process includes one endothermic and one autothermal reforming step for production of a synthesis gas stream, wherein heat generated in the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step. The process also includes a step of converting the synthesis gas stream obtained for enrichment with hydrogen, a step of separating the hydrogen thus prepared by pressure swing adsorption, and a step of separation of carbon dioxide from the residual gas obtained in the pressure swing adsorption. The reforming units for the endothermal and autothermal reforming steps are arranged parallel to one another or in series. 1. A process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam , and for separation of carbon dioxide , comprising:(a) providing a feed gas stream, wherein the feed gas stream comprises a hydrocarbon component and steam, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises at least methane;(b) reforming at least a portion of the feed gas stream in an endothermic reforming step over a reforming catalyst thereby producing a first synthesis gas stream, wherein the first synthesis gas stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane; reforming the first synthesis gas stream in an autothermal reforming step thereby producing a third synthesis gas stream,', 'wherein the autothermal reforming step comprises exothermic partial oxidation and endothermic reforming with steam over a reforming catalyst,', 'wherein the second synthesis gas stream and the third synthesis gas stream comprise hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane, and', 'wherein heat generated by the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step of step (b);, '(c) reforming a portion of the feed gas stream in an autothermal reforming step thereby ...

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Номер записи: 97
31-01-2019 дата публикации

REACTOR PACKING WITH PREFERENTIAL FLOW CATALYST

Номер: US20190031506A1
Автор: Jin Bo, Nicholson Kelly, Raybold Troy M.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to reactor tubes packed with a catalyst system employed to deliberately bias process gas flow toward the hot tube segment and away from the cold segment in order to reduce the circumferential tube temperature variation. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas within a tubular reformer , comprising:introducing a process gas, where the process gas comprises steam and at least one hydrocarbon at an inlet of one or more tubes disposed in the reformer, contacting the process gas with a catalyst in the interior of the one or more tubes, wherein at least a portion of the catalyst has a structural element that circumferentially biases a process gas flow toward at least one tube wall side of greater incident heat flux thereby reducing the maximum tube wall temperature, andremoving a reformed process gas at an outlet of the one or more tubes wherein the reformed process gas is a synthesis gas containing predominantly hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structural element biases the process gas flow toward the at least one tube wall side of greater incident heat flux and away from the tube wall sides of lesser incident heat flux claim 1 , thereby reducing the circumferential variation in the tube wall temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structural element is utilized in at least a portion of the tube.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the type and/or elevation of the structural element is predetermined by analysis of the reformer tube wall incident heat flux profile.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structural element has a configuration that varies over the length of the tube.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more types of structured elements are utilized in one or more tubes within the tubular reformer7. A catalyst with a structural element disposed in the interior of one or more tubes within a tubular reformer claim 1 , comprising: a structural element that ...

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Номер записи: 98
30-01-2020 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CATALYSIS

Номер: US20200030779A1
Автор: CHUN ChangMin, Ide Matthew S., Skoulidas Anastasios I.
Принадлежит:

Ceramic compositions with catalytic activity are provided, along with methods for using such catalytic ceramic compositions. The ceramic compositions correspond to compositions that can acquire increased catalytic activity by cyclic exposure of the ceramic composition to reducing and oxidizing environments at a sufficiently elevated temperature. The ceramic compositions can be beneficial for use as catalysts in reaction environments involving swings of temperature and/or pressure conditions, such as a reverse flow reaction environment. Based on cyclic exposure to oxidizing and reducing conditions, the surface of the ceramic composition can be converted from a substantially fully oxidized state to various states including at least some dopant metal particles supported on a structural oxide surface. 1. A method for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing stream , comprising:exposing an initial composition comprising 0.1 wt % or more of at least one dopant metal oxide and 50 wt % to 99 wt % of one or more structural oxides, to a reducing environment comprising a temperature of 500° C. to 1400° C. to form a catalyst composition comprising dopant metal particles supported on the one or more structural oxides, the one or more dopant metals corresponding to dopant metal oxides having a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. that is greater than a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. for the one or more structural oxides by 200 kJ/mol or more, the particles of the one or more dopant metals having an average characteristic length of 10 μm or less, the dopant metal oxide comprising an oxide of Ni, Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ir, or a combination thereof;exposing the catalyst composition to an oxidizing environment comprising a temperature of 500° C. to 1400° C.;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'exposing a hydrocarbon-containing stream to the catalyst composition in the presence of at least one of HO and COunder reforming conditions comprising a temperature of 500° C. or more to form a reformed ...

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Номер записи: 99
05-02-2015 дата публикации

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Номер: US20150034876A9
Автор: Philip Shires, Siva Ariyapadi
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown and Root LLC

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

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Номер записи: 100