МЕМБРАННЫЙ РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ТРИТИЙ

Изобретение относится к устройству для извлечения трития путем изотопного обмена из таких вещей, как, например, перчатки, бумага и других подобных объектов, называемых «мягкими бытовыми отходами», имеющихся в лабораториях и заводах, обрабатывающих загрязненные тритием материалы. Устройство содержит модуль (1) в виде резервуара цилиндрической формы, выполненного из стали или другого пригодного металла или стекла, трубчатый мембранный разделитель (Т), выполненный из металла или металлического сплава, избирательно проницаемого для водорода и его изотопов, установленный консольно в модуле (1) и имеющий закрытый свободный конец, средство для приложения осевого растягивающего усилия к свободному концу трубчатого мембранного разделителя (Т) и средство для электрического соединения свободного конца трубчатого мембранного разделителя (Т) со смежным с ним концевым фланцем (FF) модуля (1). Изобретение обеспечивает эффективное извлечение трития. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил., 2 табл.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к пористому катализатору для получения водорода путем парового реформинга. Предлагаемый пористый катализатор содержит алюминий и магний, а также дополнительно содержит бор и никель. Бор присутствует в количестве 0,1-20 мас.% в расчете на общую массу катализатора. Данный пористый катализатор содержит поры, имеющие средний размер пор в интервале 0,1-50 нм. Предлагаемый катализатор обладает высокой каталитической активностью и стабильностью. Изобретение относится также к способу получения указанного катализатора и способу получения водорода по реакции парового реформинга в присутствии этого катализатора. 3 н. и 16 з.п. ф-лы, 8 табл., 4 ил., 13 пр.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИОНОПРОВОДЯЩИХ МЕМБРАН

Изобретение предназначено для получения синтез-газа с помощью ионопроводящих мембран. Изобретение описывает способ получения синтез-газа (варианты) из метансодержащего газа-реагента в реакторе со смешанно-проводящей мембраной. Режим работы реактора устанавливают таким, чтобы температура на выходе газообразного продукта была выше температуры исходного газа-реагента, при этом полное давление газа в зоне окислителя мембраны ниже, чем полное давление газа в зоне реагента мембраны. Предпочтительно, чтобы температура исходного газа-реагента по первому варианту была ниже максимальной пороговой температуры, составляющей примерно 1400°F (760°С ), а как правило, между 950°F (510°С ) и 1400°F (760°С ). Максимальная температура в зоне реагента мембранного реактора выше 1500°F (815°С ). По второму варианту нагрев кислородсодержащего газа-окислителя, метансодержащего газа-реагента осуществляют за счет косвенного теплообмена с обедненным по кислороду газом-окислителем из реакционной зоны. По третьему ...

Способ получения низкоуглеродного водорода из аммиака путем крекинга аммиака "Технология аммиачного крекинга-3000" и установка для его осуществления

Изобретение относится к получению низкоуглеродного водорода, используемого в качестве углеродно-нейтрального топлива или для компримирования и транспортировки по магистральным топливным системам к конечному потребителю. Для получения водорода из аммиака жидкий аммиак нагнетают насосом 1. Жидкий сырьевой аммиак нагревают, испаряют и перегревают в змеевике 8 блока теплоиспользующей аппаратуры (БТА). Газообразный сырьевой аммиак подают в реактор 4 крекинга аммиака, охлаждают полученную в результате крекинга аммиака азот-водородную смесь в аппарате 17 воздушного охлаждения и выделяют из нее водород на установке 18. Жидкий топливный аммиак нагревают, испаряют и перегревают газообразный топливный аммиак, смешивают его с газовыми сдувками, полученными при выделении водорода, и подают полученный топливный газ вместе с нагретым воздухом в реактор 4 крекинга аммиака для сгорания. Выход для дымовых газов реактора 4 крекинга аммиака соединен с БТА, с помощью которого используют тепло дымовых для нагрева ...

МЕМБРАНА ОБЛЕГЧЕННОГО ПЕРЕНОСА СО2 И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

... 1. Мембрана облегченного переноса СО2, имеющая СО2/Н2 избирательность в условиях температуры 100°С или выше, содержащая: ! гидрофильную пористую мембрану, имеющую термостойкость 100°С или выше; и ! гелевый слой, образованный из гелевой мембраны, содержащей влагу, который содержит добавки карбоната цезия или бикарбоната цезия, или гидроксида цезия, где данный гелевый слой поддерживается на данной гидрофильной пористой мембране. ! 2. Мембрана облегченного переноса СО2 по п.1, где данная гелевая мембрана, содержащая влагу, представляет собой гелевую мембрану из сополимера поливинилового спирта-полиакриловой кислоты. ! 3. Мембрана облегченного переноса СО2 по п.2, где данный гелевый слой сформирован так, что массовая доля карбоната цезия относительно полной массы гелевой мембраны из сополимера поливинилового спирта-полиакриловой кислоты и карбоната цезия равна 65 мас.% или больше и 85 мас.% или меньше. ! 4. Мембрана облегченного переноса СО2, имеющая СО2/Н2 избирательность в условиях температуры ...

КОМПАКТНЫЙ РЕДУКТОР РЕФОРМИНГА

... 1. Реактор реформинга для превращения исходной жидкости в водород, включающий не менее чем один подающий патрубок, несущий поступающую на превращение исходную жидкость, секцию реформинга, находящуюся в закрытом объеме, секцию кипения и секцию горения, в котором названная секция реформинга содержит одну или несколько заполненных катализатором реформинга катализаторных трубок, названная секция кипения имеет один или несколько сквозных каналов для прохождения газообразных продуктов горения из секции горения, и названная секция горения снабжена не менее чем одной горелкой, при этом теплообменная среда, которая нужна для реформинга названной исходной жидкости в одной или в нескольких катализаторных трубках, представляет собой газожидкостную смесь, которая самопроизвольно циркулирует, находясь в названном закрытом объеме, и при этом по крайней мере часть названного закрытого объема находится внутри названной секции кипения. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, в котором часть названного закрытого объема, внутри ...

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОБОГАЩЕННОГО ВОДОРОДОМ ТОПЛИВА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ МЕТАНА НА КАТАЛИЗАТОРЕ ПРИ МИКРОВОЛНОВОМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ

... 1. Способ производства топлива, обогащенного водородом, предусматривает следующее: ! обеспечение потока метанового газа, подаваемого с заданной скоростью; ! наличие катализатора; ! нагревание катализатора с помощью микроволнового излучения заданной мощности; ! подача метанового газа на катализатор; и ! контроль потока метанового газа и мощности микроволнового излучения для получения конечного продукта заданного состава. ! 2. Способ по п.1, при котором конечный продукт содержит примерно от 20 до 30 об.% водорода примерно от 70 до 80 об.% метана. ! 3. Способ по п.1, при котором в состав катализатора входит Ni или сплав Ni. ! 4. Способ по п.1, при котором используют метановый газ при комнатной температуре и при давлении в 1 атмосферу. ! 5. Способ по п.1, при котором предварительно катализатор нагревают водородом перед выполнением этапа нагревания. ! 6. Способ по п.1, при котором основной этап выполняют в трубчатом реакторе, изготовленном из материала, пропускающего микроволновое излучение.

SELECTIVE, HYDROGEN-PERMEABLE DIAPHRAGM COMPOUND STRUCTURES AND GASEOUS FUEL PROCESSOR USING THE SAME

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON WITH A ACTIVATED CHARCOAL CATALYST

HOLLOW ORGANIC/INORGANIC COMPOUND MATERIAL FIBERS, SINTERING FIBERS, MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR THE FIBERS, GAS SEPARATION MODULES WITH THE FIBERS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE USE OF THE MODULES

Anlage und Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung und Speicherung von Kohlenstoff in Energiespeichersystemen mittels minderselektiver Membranen

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage (1) und ein Verfahren, die der Rückgewinnung und raumsparenden Speicherung von Kohlenstoff in Form von flüssigem Kohlendioxid (18) aus einem Stoff (8) der Gruppe Kohlenwasserstoffe/Ether/Alkohole innerhalb von Energiespeichersystemen mit Kohlenstoffkreislauf dienen und dabei trotz der Verwendung von Membranen mit geringer Wasserstoff/Kohlendioxid-Permeationsselektivität eine vollständige Rückgewinnung des Kohlenstoffs erreichen. Dies wir durch den Aufbau eines Kohlendioxid- geschlossenen Permeatmassestromkreislaufs zwischen dem Permeatraum des zur Wasserstoffabscheidung eingesetzten Membranreformers und dem Anodenraum einer Festoxidbrennstoffzelle (4) ermöglicht, die der Ausspeisung elektrischer Energie aus dem Energiespeichersystem dient.

Membrane reactor

Es wird ein Membranreaktor mit einem ein Gehäuse (1) durchsetzenden, einen Katalysator (17) aufnehmenden Strömungskanal (7) für ein Prozessgas (9) und mit einem Strömungsweg für ein Permeat (15) beschrieben, der vom Strömungskanal (7) für das Prozessgas (9) durch eine für das Permeat (15) durchlässige Membran (13) getrennt ist. Um vorteilhafte Konstruktionsbedingungen zu schaffen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Gehäuse (1) aus einzelnen Gehäusemodulen (2, 3, 4) zusammengesetzt ist, die den von Gehäusemodul (2, 3, 4) zu Gehäusemodul (2, 3, 4) durchgehenden Strömungskanal (7) für das Prozessgas (9) bilden und an eine Sammelleitung (14) für das Permeat (15) angeschlossene, quer zum Strömungskanal (7) ausgerichtete Hohlkörper (12) als Träger für die Membran (13) aufweisen.

REACTOR FOR THE REFORMATION OF NATURAL GAS AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

REACTOR WITH CERAMIC CATALYTIC DIAPHRAGM TO THE SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND/OR HYDROGEN ISOTOPES FROM A FLUID SUPPLY

DIAPHRAGM ON BASIS OF SILICON SELECTS OPPOSITE HYDROGEN

CHEMICAL REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR CATALYTIC GASEOUS PHASE REACTIONS

COMPOUND LEADING DIAPHRAGMS FOR THE SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

GETRÄGERTE METAL DIAPHRAGM, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND USE

A Chemical reactor and method for gas phase reactant catalytic reactions

A method and apparatus for the separate recovery of a high molecular weight gas and a low molecular weight gas from a gaseous starting mixture

Process for the generation of electrical power

Portable chemical hydrogen hydride system

PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE BY THE USE OF A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE REACTOR

A process for reforming hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide by the use of a selectively permeable membrane reactor equipped with a catalyst (1) for accelerating the reforming and a selectively permeable membrane (3) having selective permeability in which process the reforming of hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide is accelerated by the catalyst (1) and a specific component contained in the reforming product selectively permeates through the membrane (3) and is thereby selectively separated, characterized by adding steam to a starting gas consisting of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide and feeding the obtained mixture into the reactor. According to the process, the deactivation of a catalyst by coking, which has been a significant problem occurring in the current reforming of hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide by the use of a selectively permeable membrane reactor, can be inhibited and the reforming can be thereby carried out highly efficiently and stably over a long period.

GAS GENERATION SYSTEM

A gas generation system includes a chemical reactor configured to produce a gas from a continuous flow of aqueous solution, and includes a pump configured to control the flow of the aqueous solution through the chemical reactor to control a production rate of the gas.

INTEGRATED PALLADIUM-BASED MICROMEMBRANES FOR HYDROGEN SEPARATION AND HYDROGENATION/DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS

The present invention relates to gas separation membranes including a metal- based layer (17) having sub-micron scale thicknesses. The metal-based layer (17) can be a palladium alloy supported by ceramic layers such as a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. By using MEMS, a series of perforations (holes) (11) can be patterned to allow chemical components to access both sides of the metal-based layer. Heaters and temperature sensing devices can also be patterned on the membrane (16). The present invention also relates to a portable power generation system at a chemical microreactor comprising the gas separation membrane. The invention is also directed to a method for fabricating a gas separation membrane. Due to the ability to make chemical microreactors of very small sizes, a series of reactors can be used in combination on a silicon surface to produce an integrated gas membrane device.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Disclosed is a new process and apparatus for steam reforming of any vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and no CO in the H2 stream, using a membrane steam reforming (MSR) reactor and flame-less distributed combustion (FDC) which provides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities to drive the steam reforming reaction. The invention also pertains to a zero emission hybrid power system wherein the produced hydrogen is used to power a high-pressure internally manifolded molten carbonate fuel cell. In addition, the design of the FDC-MSR powered fuel cell makes it possible to capture good concentrations of CO2 for sequestration or use in other processes.

SYSTEM FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL

The invention relates to a system for generating hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell, which system comprises a device for implementing a reforming process which converts primary fuel into hydrogen. The invention is characterized by the fact that the system comprises at least one membrane (10, 22) which exhibits selective permeability for CO and/or CO2 and in that the said membrane (10, 22) is essentially composed of ceramic material.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A HYDROGEN ENRICHED FUEL USING MICROWAVE ASSISTED METHANE PLASMA DECOMPOSITION ON CATALYST

A method for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel includes the steps of pro viding a flow of methane gas at a selected flow rate, providing a catalyst ( 56), producing a methane plasma at a negative pressure using microwave irrad iation at a selected microwave power, directing the methane plasma over the catalyst (56), and controlling the flow of methane gas and the microwave pow er to produce a product gas having a selected composition. A system (10) for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel includes a methane gas source (16), a re actor (12) having a reaction chamber (22) containing a catalyst (56), a micr owave power source (14) configured to form a methane plasma, and a vacuum pu mp (78) configured to maintain the reaction chamber (22) at a negative press ure.

REACTOR FOR SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER

We disclose a device for the production of hydrogen from water using heat. The device employs thermal water splitting and works essentially without electricity. It is based on the concept of a membrane reactor with two kinds of membranes allowing the separation of hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously in stoichiometric quantities from the reactor volume. The device has a special geometry resulting in a temperature distribution inside the reaction chamber to accommodate the use of hydrogen selective membranes. The device will help to reduce the need for hydrogen transport and storage as it will be rather compact for on-site use in households, small factories or gas stations. The use of the device in mobile applications is conceivable. The heat source of the device as described is combustion of a hydrocarbon using porous burner technology; however the device can be modified to exploit any other heat source, especially solar radiation.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION WITH HEAT EXCHANGED MEMBRANE REACTOR

This invention is directed to a head exchanged membrane reactor for electric power generation. More specifically, the invention comprises a membrane reactor system that employs catalytic or thermal steam reforming and a water gas shift reaction on one side of the membrane (3), and hydrogen combustion on the other side of the membrane (5). Heat of combustion is exchanged through the membrane (4) to heat the hydrocarbon fuel and provide heat for the reforming reaction. In one embodiment, the hydrogen is combusted with compressed air to produce lectricity. A carbon dioxide product stream is produced in inherently separated form and at pressure to facilitate injection of the C02 into a well for the purpose of sequestering carbon from the earth's atmosphere.

METHANOL STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS, STEAM REFORMERS, AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INCORPORATING THE SAME

Methanol steam reforming catalysts, and steam reformers and fuel cell systems incorporating the same. In some embodiments, the methanol steam reforming catalyst includes zinc oxide as an active component. In some embodiments, the methanol steam reforming catalyst further includes at least one of chromium oxide and calcium aluminate. In some embodiments, the methanol steam reforming catalyst is not pyrophoric. Similarly, in some embodiments, steam reformers including a reforming catalyst according to the present disclosure may include an air-permeable or air-accessible reforming catalyst bed. In some embodiments, the methanol steam reforming catalyst is not reduced during use. In some embodiments, the methanol reforming catalysts are not active at temperatures below 275.degree. C. In some embodiments, the methanol steam reforming catalyst includes a sulfur-absorbent material. Steam reformers, reforming systems, fuel cell systems and methods of using the reforming catalysts are also disclosed ...

MIXED CONDUCTING MEMBRANES FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION

Multicomponent metallic oxides, which are particularly suited toward use in fabricating mixed conducting membranes used in processes for producing syngas, are novel non-stoichiometric, A-site rich compositions represented by the formula (LnxCa1-x)yFeO3-.delta., wherein Ln is La or a mixture of lanthanides comprising La, 1.0>x>0.5, 1.1>=y>1.0 and .delta. is a number which renders the metallic oxide charge neutral.

A GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANE COMPRISING A SUBSTRATE WITH A LAYER OF COATED INORGANIC OXIDE PARTICLES AND AN OVERLAYER OF A GAS-SELECTIVE MATERIAL, AND ITS MANUFACTURE AND USE

A gas separation membrane and a method of manufacturing such gas separati on membrane that comprises a porous substrate treated with a layer of metal- coated inorganic oxide particles and with the layer of such metal-coated ino rganic oxide particles being coated with an overlayer of a gas-selective mat erial.

TWO-PHASE HYDROGEN PERMEATION MEMBRANE

A two-phase proton and electron conductor is described which comprises (a) a proton conductive oxides represented by the formula: ABO3 where A is selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, Mg and Sr and B is Ce1-x M x or Zr1-x M x, where x has a value greater than zero and less than one and M is an element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, In, Gd, Nd, Eu, Sm and Tb, in combination with (b) an electron conductor comprising palladium. The palladium may be coated on particles of the oxide in the form of an oxide powder. This novel two-phase conductor is particularly useful as a mixed hydrogen ion and electronic conducting membrane for separating hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas.

Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von reinem Wasserstoff

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gas-Diffusions-Membrangebildes

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff

Anlage zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff

Membrane de transfert de l'hydrogène, notamment pour pile à combustible

Appliance for the endothermal decomposition of water

It contains, in a furnace (28) having an inner chamber sealed in an airtight manner in a unit (38), a multiplicity of butted flat cells made of porous, refractory material in each of which there is a meandering duct. Said duct is coated with a membrane (14) which is hydrogen permeable. When a hydrogen-containing hot gas mixture is passed through, the hydrogen (H2) passes through the membrane (14) into the furnace interior where it is collected and from which it is discharged. The appliance makes it possible to filter out large amounts of hydrogen in a small appliance volume. ...

Polygenerationssysteme.

Ein Polygenerationssystem, wobei die verschiedenen Einheiten des Polygenerationssystems integriert sind, um die unerwünschten Spezies auf effektive Weise zu trennen. In einer Ausführungsform wird ein Polygenerationssystem bereitgestellt, umfassend einen Syngaserzeuger (4) zum Erzeugen eines Syngases (6), eine Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zum Trennen unerwünschter Spezies vom Syngas, um ein angereichertes Syngas (14) zu erzeugen, und ein Syngas-Nutzungssystem (18), welches das angereicherte Syngas (14) verwendet, um brauchbare Produkte (22) und einen Strom (16) zu erzeugen, um die Trennung unerwünschter Spezies in der Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zu erleichtern. In einigen Ausführungsformen umfasst das Polygenerationssystem einen Membranreaktor (118), einen katalytischen Brenner (96) und eine Stromerzeugungseinheit (32). Die Stromerzeugungseinheit kann ein Dampfturbinensystem (38) oder ein Rankine-Turbinensystem (52) oder eine Kombination daraus einschliessen. Die verschiedenen Details ...

Polygenerationsanordnung.

Eine Polygenerationsanordnung (10), wobei die verschiedenen Einheiten der Polygenerationsanordnung (10) integriert sind, um unerwünschte Produkte auf effektive Weise zu trennen. Es wird eine Polygenerationsanordnung (10) bereitgestellt, umfassend einen Syngaserzeuger (4) zum Erzeugen eines Syngases (6), eine Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zum Trennen unerwünschter Produkte vom Syngas (6), um ein angereichertes Syngas (14) zu erzeugen, und ein Syngas-Nutzungssystem (18), welches das angereicherte Syngas (14) verwendet, um brauchbare Produkte (22) und einen Strom (16) zu erzeugen, um die Trennung unerwünschter Produkte in der Syngas-Anreicherungseinheit (8) zu erleichtern. Beispielsweise umfasst die Polygenerationsanordnung einen Membranreaktor, einen katalytischen Brenner und eine Stromerzeugungseinheit. Die Stromerzeugungseinheit kann ein Dampfturbinensystem oder ein Rankine-Turbinensystem oder eine Kombination daraus einschliessen. Die verschiedenen Details der Komponenten und Integrationsaspekte ...

МЕМБРАНА ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ КИСЛОРОДА

В заявке описана композиция, содержащая компонент с электронной проводимостью и компонент с кислородно-ионной проводимостью, отличающаяся тем, что компонент с электронной проводимостью является также проводником ионов кислорода, причем композиция применима в мембране с избирательной проницаемостью для кислорода для выделения кислорода из газообразной смеси, содержащей кислород, в частности из воздуха, и такое выделение может осуществляться в реакторе, имеющем первую и вторую зоны, в первую из которых подают кислородсодержащий газ, а во вторую - реагент, и во второй зоне реактора протекает реакция с потреблением кислорода.

СПОСОБ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА В АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ С ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА И С ПОЛУЧЕНИЕМ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ТОКА И ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к способу превращения алифатических углеводородов, содержащих 1-4 С-атома, в ароматические углеводороды, включающему следующие стадии: a) превращение исходного потока Е, содержащего как минимум один алифатический углеводород с 1-4 С-атомами, в присутствии катализатора при неокислительных условиях в продуктный поток Р, содержащий ароматические углеводороды и водород, и b) электрохимическое отделение как минимум части водорода, образовавшегося при превращении, из продуктного потока Р с помощью не пропускающего газ ансамбля мембрана-электрод, который включает как минимум одну селективную мембрану, проводящую (пропускающую) протон, и на каждой стороне мембраны как минимум один электродный катализатор, причем на удерживающей стороне мембраны как минимум часть водорода на анодном катализаторе окисляется в протоны и протоны после пересечения мембраны на пропускающей стороне на катоде катализатора в соответствии с b1) в результате приложения напряжения частично восстанавливаются ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА ИЗ ВОДЫ

В заявленном изобретении раскрыто устройство для извлечения водорода из воды посредством нагрева. Заявленное устройство использует термическое разложение воды и работает, в сущности, без электричества. Оно основано на принципе мембранного реактора с двумя типами мембран, что позволяет одновременно выделять из объема реактора водород и кислород в стехиометрических количествах. Указанное устройство имеет особую геометрию, в результате чего распределение температур внутри реакторной камеры способствует применению мембран для отделения водорода. Устройство помогает уменьшить необходимость в транспортировке и хранении водорода, поскольку все будет сосредоточено компактно по месту эксплуатации на фермах, небольших промышленных предприятиях или газовых станциях. Возможно мобильное применение заявленного устройства. Источником тепла в заявленном устройстве, как раскрыто, является сжигание углеводородов с применением технологии пористых горелок, однако устройство может быть модифицировано для использования ...

СПОСОБ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА В АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ С ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА

Данное изобретение относится к способу превращения алифатических углеводородов, содержащих 1-4 С-атома, в ароматические углеводороды в присутствии катализатора при не окислительных (не оксидативных) условиях, причем как минимум часть образовавшегося при превращении водорода электрохимически отделяют с помощью не пропускающего газ мембранно-электродного ансамбля.

СПОСОБ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА В АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ С ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА И ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЕМ ВОДОРОДА В ВОДУ

Изобретение касается способа превращения алифатических углеводородов, имеющих от 1 до 4 атомов углерода в ароматические углеводороды, включающего следующие ступени: а) превращение потока эдукта Е, который содержит по меньшей мере один алифатический углеводород, имеющий от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, в присутствии катализатора при неокислительных условиях в поток продукта Р, содержащий ароматические углеводороды и водород, и b) электрохимическое отделение по меньшей мере части полученного при превращении водорода из потока продукта Р посредством газонепроницаемой мембраноэлектродной сборки, которая содержит по меньшей мере одну селективно проводящую протоны мембрану, а с каждой стороны мембрана содержит по меньшей мере один электродный катализатор, причем со стороны ретентата по меньшей мере часть водорода окисляется на анодном катализаторе до протонов, и протоны после пересечения мембраны со стороны пермеата превращаются на анодном катализаторе с кислородом в воду, причем кислород происходит ...

СПОСОБ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА ИЗ РЕАКЦИОННОЙ СМЕСИ

Изобретение касается способа электрохимического отделения водорода из водородсодержащей реакционной смеси R с помощью газонепроницаемой мембраноэлектродной сборки, которая содержит по меньшей мере одну селективно проводящую протоны мембрану и с каждой стороны мембраны по меньшей мере один электродный катализатор, причем со стороны ретентата по меньшей мере часть содержащегося в реакционной смеси R водорода окисляется на анодном катализаторе до протонов, и протоны после пересечения мембраны со стороны пермеата на катодном катализаторе согласно I восстанавливаются до водорода и/или II превращаются с кислородом в воду, причем кислород происходит из кислородсодержащего потока О, который приводят в контакт со стороной пермеата мембраны, а также касается реактора, который оборудован по меньшей мере одной мембраноэлектродной сборкой.

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА ИЗ ВОДЫ

В заявленном изобретении раскрыто устройство для извлечения водорода из воды посредством нагрева. Заявленное устройство использует термическое разложение воды и работает, в сущности, без электричества. Оно основано на принципе мембранного реактора с двумя типами мембран, что позволяет одновременное выделять из объема реактора водород и кислород в стехиометрических количествах. Указанное устройство имеет особую геометрию, в результате чего распределение температур внутри реакторной камеры способствует применению мембран для отделения водорода. Устройство помогает уменьшить необходимость в транспортировке и хранении водорода, поскольку все будет сосредоточено компактно по месту эксплуатации на фермах, небольших промышленных предприятиях или газовых станциях. Возможно мобильное применение заявленного устройства. Источником тепла в заявленном устройстве, как раскрыто, является сжигание углеводородов с применением технологии пористых горелок, однако устройство может быть модифицировано для использования ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

В заявке описан способ получения водорода из водородсодержащего соединения внутри реактора, включающего первую и вторую зоны, разделенные селективно проницаемой для водорода мембраной, в котором в первой зоне протекает реакция получения водорода и через селективно проницаемую для водорода мембрану водород проникает из первой зоны во вторую зону, в котором во второй зоне с пенетрированным водородом объединяют поток обдувочного газа, в котором парциальное давление во второй зоне реактора поддерживают на уровне выше 30 фунтов/кв.дюйм (207 кПа).

СМЕШАННЫЕ ПРОВОДЯЩИЕ МЕМБРАНЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Многокомпонентные оксиды металлов, которые особенно подходят для применения для получения смешанных проводящих мембран, применяемых в процессе получения синтез-газа, которые являются новыми нестехиометрическими, насыщенными А-сайтом соединениями, представленными формулой (LnxСа1-х)yFeО3-δ , где Ln является La или смесью лантанидов, включающей La, 1,0>x>0,5, 1,1≥ у>1,0 и δ является числом, при котором заряд оксида металла является нейтральным.

DEVICE FOR REFORMING, CONTAINING MEMBRANE, PERMEABLE FOR CARBON MONOXIDE

Method for hydrogen production

Fuel cell-based system for generating electrical power

The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system. The system includes a pre-reforming reactor, a reforming reactor, a hydrogen separation apparatus and a solid oxide fuel cell. The anode exhaust outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is operatively connected to an inlet of the pre-reforming reactor so anode exhaust from the fuel cell may enter the pre-reforming reactor. The pre-reforming reactor also has an inlet for a hydrocarbon feed precursor. The reforming reactor is operatively coupled to the pre-reforming reactor so that a feed produced in the pre-reforming reactor from the feed precursor may be fed to the reforming reactor. The reforming reactor is operatively connected to the hydrogen separation apparatus so that hydrogen produced in the reforming reactor may be separated from the reformed product gases. The anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is operatively connected to the hydrogen separation apparatus so hydrogen may be fed from the hydrogen separation apparatus ...

用于合成气生产的混合传导薄膜

... 尤其适用于制造在合成气生产过程中所用的混合传导膜的多组份金属氧化物是新型非化学计量的、富A-活性位的组合物，其化学式表示为(Ln#-[x]Ca#-[1-x])#-[y]FeO#-[3-δ]，其中Ln是La或包括La的镧系元素的混合物，1.0＞x＞0.5，1.1≥y＞1.0，且δ是一个可使该金属氧化物呈电中性的数字。 ...

Membrane of transfer of hydrogen, in particular for combustible battery

Hydrogen generator

Producing hydrogen from an effluent of hydrogen sulfide, comprises contacting the effluent with a material having a metallic oxide for producing hydrogen and a metallic sulfur, and removing the hydrogen using a hydrogen-permeable membrane

Le procédé de production d'hydrogène à partir d'un effluent comportant de l'hydrogène sulfuré consiste à mettre en contact l'effluent arrivant par le conduit 8 avec un matériau 7 comportant au moins un oxyde métallique de manière à produire de l'hydrogène et un sulfure métallique. Le métal dudit oxyde est choisi parmi les éléments du groupe VIIB ou VIIIB de la classification périodique de Mendeleïev.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR the PRODUCTION Of HYDROGEN BY OXIDATION PARTIAL OF FUELS CARBOHYDRATE

Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à réaliser, dans un premier réacteur (1), une oxydation partielle d'un carburant hydrocarboné, de manière à obtenir un courant gazeux riche en hydrogène, à débarrasser dans un second réacteur (2) le mélange gazeux primaire produit dans ce premier réacteur, du monoxyde de carbone qu'il contient, à l'aide d'une réaction " shift " entre ledit monoxyde de carbone et de la vapeur d'eau, et à séparer l'hydrogène présent dans le mélange secondaire contenu dans le second réacteur (2), grâce à une membrane (9). Ce procédé permet de produire un hydrogène très pur utilisable pour les piles à combustible à basse température.

Sepn of hydrogen from hydrocarbon conversion effluents - by passage through diffusion barriers, and recycling hydrogen

HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE METAL MEMBRANE MODULES AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY REMOVING HYDROGEN FROM A REACTION MIXTURE

COMPACT DEVICE FOR GENERATING PURE HYDROGEN

A hydrogen generator comprising a hydrogen membrane reactor, a fuel supply, a reaction fuel supply line, an air supply, an air supply line, a combustion fuel supply line, a tail gas supply line, a combustion by-product line for transporting combustion by-products from the combustion chamber, and a reaction product line. A membrane assembly to be joined to a reactor chamber of a hydrogen generator, which comprises a membrane; and a membrane support comprising a sintered porous metal. A reactor assembly comprising a reaction chamber containing a porous metal substrate, two membrane assemblies, a fuel supply, a reaction fuel supply line, and a tail gas supply line and a reaction product line. Methods associated with the hydrogen generator, membrane assembly and reactor assembly. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

FIXED-BED REACTORS AND CATALYTIC PROCESSES

Reactors with a dynamic compression elements that control the catalyst bed structure and hydrodynamic conditions inside the reactor in response to physical and structural changes in the catalyst bed, and methods of operating catalytic reactors are provided. The reactors are adjustable and/or can self -adjust in response to changes in the packing of the catalyst bed due, for example, to the attrition of the catalyst. The catalyst reactor designs improve operation of fixed bed reactors and enable the use of a variety of catalysts and supports, including materials that would not typically be considered for use in fixed bed reactors, such as those with limited durability or with moderate mechanical strength.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN

The invention relates to a new and improved process and apparatus for the production of high purity hydrogen by steam reforming. The apparatus is an integrated flameless distributed combustion-membrane steam reforming (FDC-MSR) or reactor for steam reforming of a vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and minimal CO in the H2 stream. The flameless distributed combustion drives the steam reforming reaction which pro-vides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities. The reactor may contain multiple flameless distributed combustion chambers and multiple hydrogen-selective, hydrogen-permeable, membrane tubes. The feed and reaction gases may flow through the reactor either radially or axially. A further embodiment of the invention involves producing high purity hydrogen by dehydrogenation using an integrated FDC -membrane de-hydrogenation reactor. A still further embodiment of the invention involves a zero emission hybrid power system ...

HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE SILICA-BASED MEMBRANE

A hydrogen permselective membrane, a method of forming a permselective membrane and an apparatus comprising a permselective membrane, a porous substrate and an optional intermediate layer are described. Using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at low reactant gas concentration, high permselectivities are achieved with minimal reduction in hydrogen permeance.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN

Disclosed are methods and systems for generating hydrogen gas at pressures high enough to fill a hydrogen storage cylinder for stationary and transportation applications. The hydrogen output of an electrochemical hydrogen gas generating device, a hydrogen-producing reactor, or a diluted hydrogen stream is integrated with an electrochemical hydrogen compressor operating in a high-differential-pressure mode. The compressor brings the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen-generating device to the high pressure required to fill the storage cylinder.

HYDROGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANES

Improvements are disclosed for fabrication of composite hydrogen transport membranes, which are used for extraction of hydrogen from gas mixtures. Methods are described for supporting and re-enforcing layers of metals and metal alloys which have high permeability for hydrogen but which are either too thin to be self supporting, too weak to resist desired differential pressures across the membrane, or which become embrittled by hydrogen. In order to minimize stress at internal interfaces, which can lead to formation of dislocations and initiations of cracks, the support material is chosen so as to be lattice matched to the metals and metal alloys. Preferred metals with high permeability for hydrogen include vanadium, niobium, tantalum, palladium, and alloys thereof. In one embodiment, a porous support matrix is fabricated first, and then the pores are blocked by metals and metal alloys which are permeable to hydrogen. In a second embodiment, powders of the preferred metal are first sintered ...

THIN FILM SUPPORTING SUBSTRATE USED IN FILTER FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FILTER FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

A filter for a hydrogen production, which is used in a reformer of a fuel cell and enables stable production of a hydrogen gas of a high purity, is manufactured by attaching a metal plate onto one side of a conductive base having a plurality of through holes using a magnet in a through hole closing step; filling up the through holes by forming a copper plating layer on the conductive base and portions of the metal plate which are exposed in the through holes from the other side of the conductive base on which the metal plate is not attached in a copper plating step; forming a Pd alloy film by plating on the side of the conductive base from which the metal plate has been removed in a film-forming step; and removing the copper plating layer by a selective etching in a removing step.

Fuel filling and waste solution recovery apparatus and fuel vessel

Recovery of dehydrogenation product must be done separately from supply of hydrogen fuel. However, there is a problem that it takes much time when dehydrogenation product recovery and fuel filling are done separately. A fuel filling/waste solution recovery apparatus includes measuring means to measure a volume of supplied fuel and a volume of recovered waste solution by measuring flow rates of solutions passing through a fuel filling nozzle and a recovery nozzle or piping, and a display which shows the volume of supplied fuel and the volume of recovered waste solution which are measured by the measuring means.

Method for removing carbon monoxide from reformed gas

A method for removing CO from a reformed gas includes the steps of treating the reformed gas by a hydrogen purifier to decrease a ratio of the concentration of components other than hydrogen to the concentration of hydrogen so that the ratio may be lower than in the reformed gas, and then converting CO contained in the gas treated by the hydrogen purifier into a gas other than CO. CO can be removed from the reformed gas, and simultaneously high-purity hydrogen can also be obtained, which leads to the increase of a fuel efficiency and the inhibition effect of performance deterioration.

Fuel processing system

A fuel processing system is disclosed. The system includes a steam reformer adapted to produce hydrogen from a feedstock consisting of water and at least one of an alcohol and a hydrocarbon feedstock. The feedstock is exposed to one or more reformation regions including a reformation catalyst and to a membrane region including at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

COMPACT STEAM REFORMER

Hydrogen Production system

A hydrogen production system includes a reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a catalyst disposed in the reactor. The reactor is preferably configured to receive a continuous flow of aqueous metal hydride ...

СИСТЕМА СНАБЖЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДОМ И МОБИЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к системам снабжения водородом, которая используется для заправки автомобилей, работающих на топливных элементах. Согласно изобретению система снабжения водородом включает в себя пункт снабжения водородом и мобильную систему получения водорода, а полученный с помощью мобильной системы водород подают в пункт снабжения водородом. Техническим результатом изобретения является создание системы снабжения водородом с максимальным использованием существующей инфраструктуры. 2 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

КОМПАКТНЫЙ РЕАКТОР РЕФОРМИНГА

Изобретение относится к области химии и может быть использовано при получении водорода. Реактор реформинга для превращения исходной жидкости в водород включает секцию 4 реформинга, находящуюся в закрытом объеме, секцию 3 кипения и секцию 2 горения. Секция реформинга содержит одну или несколько катализаторных трубок 20. Секция 3 кипения имеет один или несколько сквозных каналов 11 для прохождения газообразных продуктов горения 12 из секции 2 горения, и секция горения снабжена не менее чем одной горелкой 16. Теплообменная среда, которая нужна для реформинга названной исходной жидкости в одной или в нескольких катализаторных трубках, представляет собой газожидкостную смесь, которая самопроизвольно циркулирует, находясь в закрытом объеме, и при этом по крайней мере часть закрытого объема находится внутри названной секции кипения. Изобретение позволяет легко обеспечить достижение и поддержание рабочей температуры. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ РЕАКТОРА ДЛЯ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ

... 1. Способ обогащения синтез-газа по водороду, при этом упомянутый выше синтез-газ содержит водород, монооксид углерода, а также пар, путем конверсии монооксида углерода и пара над катализатором, при котором упомянутый выше синтез-газ имеет молярное соотношение кислорода и углерода от 1,69 до 2,25 и при котором упомянутый выше катализатор содержит оксиды цинка и алюминия совместно с одним или более промоторами, а также при котором конверсия монооксида углерода и пара проводится в условиях высокотемпературной конверсии, где синтез-газ имеет температуру от 300°С до 400°С, и давление составляет от 2,3 до 6,5 МПа, а также при котором катализатор содержит в своей активной форме смесь цинк-алюминийоксидной шпинели и оксида цинка в комбинации с промотором в виде щелочного металла, выбранного из группы, состоящей из Na, К, Rb, Cs и их смесей, при этом упомянутый выше катализатор имеет молярное соотношение Zn/Al в пределах от 0,5 до 1,0 и содержание щелочного металла в пределах от 0,4 до 8,0 мас.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

... 1. Пористый катализатор, основанный, по меньшей мере, на оксиде алюминия и втором оксиде металла, выбранном из магния, кальция, титана, хрома, железа, марганца и циркония, где данный пористый катализатор дополнительно содержит бор и никель, и где данный пористый катализатор содержит поры, имеющие средний размер пор в интервале 0,1-50 нм.2. Катализатор по п.1, где данный второй оксид металла выбран из оксида магния, оксида кальция и оксида титана и предпочтительно содержит оксид магния.3. Катализатор по п.2, где данный пористый катализатор содержит MgAlO.4. Катализатор по любому из пп.1-3, где данный пористый катализатор содержит поры, имеющие размер пор в интервале 4-30 нм.5. Катализатор по любому из пп.1-3, где данный катализатор содержит 15-45 мас.% Ni и 0,5-5 мас.% В.6. Катализатор по любому из пп.1-3, где данный пористый катализатор дополнительно содержит один или несколько элементов, выбранных из Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, ...

СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ИСТОЧНИКА ТОПЛИВА В ВОДОРОД

... 1. Устройство для получения газообразного водорода, причем указанное устройство содержит: ! установку газификации или установку риформинга, скомпонованную для формирования первого синтетического газа; ! первую секцию очистки, связанную с указанной установкой газификации для удаления кислотного газа, причем указанная первая секция очистки скомпонована для формирования второго синтетического газа, указанная первая секция очистки включает, по меньшей мере, один катализатор, выбранный из группы, состоящей из катализатора высокотемпературной конверсии и катализатора низкотемпературной конверсии; и ! вторую секцию очистки, связанную с указанной первой секцией очистки для удаления кислотного газа. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, дополнительно содержащее теплообменник, соединенный поточной связью с указанной первой секцией очистки и указанной второй секцией очистки. ! 3. Устройство по п.2, в котором указанный теплообменник скомпонован для удаления избытка тепла посредством активного охлаждения первого ...

ТРУБА РИФОРМЕРА И УСТРОЙСТВО, А ТАКЖЕ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

... 1. Труба риформера для направления течения эдуктов и по меньшей мере одного продукта реакции в объемных потоках с целью получения синтез-газа, в частности получения водорода, отличающаяся тем,что труба (10) риформера в своем внутреннем пространстве (12) имеет по меньшей мере одно устройство (30) для направления потока, включающее в себя первое направляющее устройство (31) для перенаправления первого отдельного объемного потока (22) в направлении, имеющем радиальную компоненту, направленную от продольной оси (11) трубы (10) риформера, и второе направляющее устройство (32) для перенаправления второго отдельного объемного потока (23) в направлении, имеющем радиальную компоненту, направленную к продольной оси (11) трубы (10) риформера.2. Труба риформера по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что устройство (30) для направления течения выполнено в виде одного узла, и первое направляющее устройство (31) и второе направляющее устройство (32) скомбинированы друг с другом внутри этого узла, при этом направляющие ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ГУАНИДИНА И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ УКАЗАННОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

... 1. Способ выработки энергии при помощи композиции, содержащей гуанидин, причем указанный способ включает (а) реакцию композиции с водой с образованием аммиака и диоксида углерода; и (b) окисление аммиака, полученного в операции (а), с образованием воды и азота и выработкой энергии.2. Способ по п.1, в котором масса гуанидина в композиции составляет приблизительно от 10 до 100% от массы композиции.3. Способ по п.1, в котором часть воды, полученной в операции (b), вводят в реакцию с композицией в операции (а) с образованием аммиака.4. Способ по п.1, в котором реакцию композиции с водой в операции (а) проводят при температуре в диапазоне приблизительно от 50 до 240°С и давлении в диапазоне приблизительно от 1 атмосферы окружающей среды до 50 стандартных атмосфер.5. Способ по п.4, где указанный способ включает смешивание или приведение композиции в контакт с катализатором, способным катализировать реакцию композиции с водой в операции (а).6. Способ по п.5, в котором катализатор представляет ...

Wasserstoffzufuhrvorrichtung und Wasserstoffzufuhrverfahren

Es wird eine Wasserstoffzufuhrvorrichtung zur Verfügung gestellt, die Wasserstoff aus Wasserstoff speicherndem Material, welches Wasserstoff chemisch speichert, durch einen Katalysator erzeugt, wobei die Vorrichtung Ventile an der Kraftstoffzufuhröffnung und der Ausstoßöffnung und eine Ventilsteuerung umfasst, die die Zeiteinstellung zum Öffnen und Schließen der Ventile steuert. DOLLAR A Der Kraftstoffzufuhrdruck beträgt 2 bis 20 atm. Der Wasserstofferzeugungsdruck beträgt 5 bis 300 atm. Der Ausstoßdruck beträgt Umgebungsdruck bis 0,01 atm.

Polygenerationssysteme

Ein Polygenerationssystem, in dem die verschiedenen Einheiten des Polygenerationssystems integriert sind, um die unerwünschten Bestandteile effektiv zu trennen. In einer Ausführungsform ist ein Polygenerationssystem bereitgestellt, dass einen Synthesegasgenerator (4) zum Erzeugen eines Synthesegases (6), eine Synthesegasanreicherungseinheit (8) zum Trennen unerwünschter Bestandteile von dem Synthesegas, um ein angereichertes Synthesegas (14) zu erzeugen, und ein Synthesegasverwendungssystem (18) bereitstellt, das das angereicherte Synthesegas (14) verwendet, um nützliche Produkte (22) zu erzeugen und einen Strom (16), um die Trennung der unerwünschten Bestandteile in der Synthesegasanreicherungseinheit (8) zu vereinfachen. In einigen Ausführungsformen umfasst das Polygenerationssystem einen Membranreaktor (118), einen katalytischen Brenner (96) und eine Stromerzeugungseinheit (32). Die Stromerzeugungseinheit kann ein Dampfturbinensystem (38) oder ein Rankine-Turbinensystem (52) oder eine ...

VERBUNDMATERIAL ZUR ERZEUGUNG VON BRENNSTOFF FÜR EINE BRENNSTOFFZELLE SOWIE HERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN HIERFÜR

Synthesegasproduktion mit Ionentransportmembranen

Membrane separating hydrogen from gas mixture in methanol reformer

The membrane has a layer on one side which promotes catalytic combustion. Independent claims are included for: (a) a methanol reformer (1) separating hydrogen (14) from product gases of the methanol-reforming reaction, where the separator is a membrane of the type described; (b) operation of such a reforming plant, where during the cold start phase, before operational temperature is reached, the catalytic combustion process is carried out on the catalyst layer (13) side of the hydrogen separation membrane (9), and the gases to be burned, flow against this layer.

Wasserstofffreisetzung und -Rückgewinung aus aliphatischen primären Aminen oder Diaminen

Reaktorsystem zur Dehydrierung von primären aliphatischen Mono- oder Diaminen zu ihren entsprechenden Nitrilen, umfassend: (a) einen Durchflussreaktor, der einen inneren Reaktor aufweist, der sich innerhalb einer äußeren Kammer befindet und sich von der äußeren Kammer nach außen erstreckt; (b) einen inneren Reaktor, umfassend ein Katalysatorbett, einen Einlass und einen Auslass, der eine erste Wand, bestehend aus einer Wasserstoffmembran, in dem Bereich des inneren Reaktors, der innerhalb der äußeren Kammer angeordnet ist, und eine zweite Wand aus einem undurchlässigen Material, in dem Bereich des inneren Reaktors, der außerhalb der äußeren Kammer angeordnet ist, aufweist, wobei der Einlass ferner ein Mittel zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit, um vor dem Eintritt in das Katalysatorbett einen Gaszustand zu erzeugen, umfasst; (c) eine äußere Kammer, die einen Auslass, innere Wände und äußere Wände aufweist und die den Katalysatorbettbereich des inneren Reaktors umgibt, wobei die inneren Wände ...

Wasserstoffdurchlässige Membran, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Wasserstoff-Gasseparator unter Verwendung derselben

Cricket bats

The body component for a cricket bat, comprises a casing 3 of synthetic material substantially in the shape of at least the blade of a cricket bat and having, on the forward (front) surface of the blade shape, a recess for receiving a ball-striking face insert 6 of wood or of material having wood-like ball-playing characteristics. ...

A fuel processing system for generating hydrogen

A fuel processing system (10) comprises a combined reformer and hydrogen separator (32) which is supplied with methanol from a supply tank (12), water from a tank (14) and oxygen from a supply (16). The combined reformer and hydrogen separator (32) has two chambers (40, 42) separated by a hydrogen permeable membrane (38). The reactants are supplied into one chamber (40) and react on a catalyst (44) to produce hydrogen and byproduct gases. The hydrogen passes through the membrane (38) into the other chamber (42) and is supplied to a fuel cell. The byproduct gases are recycled via pipes (52,68) to enter the first chamber (40) of the reformer with the reactants. Additionally a device (54) removes soluble byproduct gases from the gases being recycled to the reformer. ...

METHOD OF PREPARING A HYDROGEN-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE CATALYS

... 1528710 Hydrogenation catalysts INST NEFTEKHIMICHES SINTEZA I AV TOPCHIEVA AKAD NAUK SSSR and UNIVERSITET DRUZHBY NAROD I PATRISA LUMUMBY 14 March 1977 10601/77 Heading B1E [Also in Division C7] A hydrogen-permeable membrane catalyst comprises a porous sintered sheet of Cu, Ni or stainless steel 0.05-1mm thick, coated with an organosilicon polymer with a thickness of 0.1-1mm, and then with a layer of Pd or an alloy thereof having a thickness of 0.001-0.1mm. Examples relate to catalytic coatings of Pd, Pd-Ni and Pd-Ru; other suitable alloying elements being Rh, Os, Ir, Ag, Au, Cu, Cr, Mo and W.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN-SELECTIVE OF METAL DIAPHRAGM MODULES

HYDROGEN PERMEABILITY BY PROTONENUND ELECTRON-LEADING MIXER MATERIALS

PROCEDURE AND DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN THROUGH PLASMAREFORMING

GAS CELLS AND GAS CELL SYSTEMS WITH NICHTWÄSSRIGEN ELECTROLYTES

Method and System for Synthesizing Liquid Hydrocarbon Compounds

Provided is a method for synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds wherein synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method includes a first absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in gaseous by-products generated in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, with an absorbent, and a second absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in the synthesis gas, with the absorbent which is passed through the first absorption step.

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide, HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a catalyst in a HCN/COS reactor in the presence of steam/water, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) converting hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS to elemental sulphur, by contacting the synthesis gas stream with an aqueous reactant solution containing solubilized Fe(III) chelate of an organic acid, at a temperature below the melting point of sulphur, and at a sufficient solution to gas ratio and conditions effective to convert H 2 S to sulphur and inhibit sulphur deposition, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide; (c) removing carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide, to obtain the purified synthesis gas stream and a gas stream enriched in CO 2 .

Separation of gases

A process for separating a mixture of gases into a relatively condensable first component and a relatively non-condensable second component is provided. The first component comprises one or more gases selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide and the second component one or more gases selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen and synthesis gas. The process itself comprises the following steps: (a) compressing and cooling a mixture of said first and second components in at least one compressor and at least one heat exchanger to a temperature and elevated pressure at which the first components condense and a two-phase gas-liquid mixture is formed; (b) separating the two phase mixture so formed into separate liquid first and gaseous second component fractions in a fractionation unit; (c) extracting residual first component from the separated gaseous second component fraction by scrubbing the second component at elevated pressure with a solvent (e.g. methanol) in a scrubber. In examples, the method further includes one or more steps of warming and expanding the gaseous second component fraction using at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat with a process stream and at least one turbo-expander capable of recovering mechanical work. The process described is highly energy efficient and is especially useful in hydrogen power plants, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and for sweetening sour natural gas.

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

Process For The Production Of Cellulose Based Biofuels

A process for the production of cellulose based biofuels is provided. This process includes pyrolysing a cellulose-containing feedstock to form a slurry of bioliquids and char; hydrocracking the slurry to produce a hydrocarbon gas stream, a hydrocarbon liquid stream, an impurities stream, and a residue stream; distilling the liquid hydrocarbon stream to produce at least a naphtha stream, and a diesel stream; and gasifying the residue stream to produce at least a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide stream.

Conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and electrical power

A process for reducing CO 2 emissions from combined cycle power generation processes utilizing a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, which includes splitting the hydrocarbon feed into two portions; a first portion≦45% by volume of the feed and a larger portion≧55% by volume of the feed, feeding the first portion to an autothermal reforming process to generate a hydrogen-containing gas and a carbon dioxide stream, combining the hydrogen-containing stream with the second portion, combusting the resulting hydrogen-containing fuel stream with oxygen containing gas in a gas turbine to generate electrical power and passing the exhaust gas mixture from the gas turbine to a heat recovery steam generation system that feeds one or more steam turbines to generate additional electrical power. The captured carbon dioxide stream may be fed to storage or enhanced oil recovery processes. The process may be retrofitted into existing combined cycle processes.

Hydrogen/syngas generator

The present invention relates to a compact, concentric auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator for production of hydrogen/syngas without any external heating. Further, the auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator of the present invention involves combination of reactions such as partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry reforming, auto thermal reforming, dry autothermal reforming, water gas shift, preferential oxidation or methanation that takes place without external heating, for converting air, steam and fuel into a reformate mainly containing CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O which is subsequently converted to hydrogen/syngas as a feed for fuel cell or syngas applications.

Process for working up an exhaust gas from a system for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonnium salts

A process for working up an exhaust gas A from a system for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrogen, wherein the exhaust gas A comprises nitrogen monoxide, hydrogen, dinitrogen monoxide, nitrogen and ammonia, and at least some of the hydrogen present in the exhaust gas A is separated off from the exhaust gas A by means of a gas-tight membrane-electrode assembly which comprises at least one selectively proton-conducting membrane, a retentate side, a permeate side, and, on each side of the membrane, at least one electrode catalyst, wherein, on the retentate side of the membrane, at least some of the hydrogen is oxidized to protons at the anode catalyst and the protons, after crossing the membrane, are, on the permeate side, at the cathode catalyst according to I reduced to hydrogen and/or II reacted with oxygen to form water, wherein the oxygen originates from an oxygen-comprising stream O which is contacted with the permeate side.

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO. The methods of the invention include converting CO to one or more products including alcohols and/or acids and optionally capturing CO2 to improve overall carbon capture. In certain aspects, the invention relates to processes for producing alcohols, particularly ethanol, from industrial waste streams, particularly steel mill off-gas.

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

Herein disclosed is a method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprising introducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME). In some cases, the reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. In some cases, the hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME).2. The method of wherein said reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.3. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane or a hydrogen membrane coated with an erosion resistant layer.4. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.5. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.6. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.7. The method of wherein a renewable fuel is used in the regenerator.8. The method of wherein the renewable fuel comprises landfill gas claim 7 , bio-digester gas claim 7 , pyrolysis oils and liquid fuels claim 7 , spent glycerol claim 7 , biomass derived syngas claim 7 , bio-ethanol.9. The method of wherein the regenerator comprises an air pre-heater and the method utilizes full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the air pre-heater.10. The method of comprising using full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the regenerator.11. The method of wherein the renewable fuel used in the regenerator comprises ...

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of wherein no steam or oxygen injection is needed.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) ...

FLUIDIZED BED MEMBRANE REACTOR

Herein disclosed is a dry reforming reactor comprising a gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor; a gas outlet near the top of the reactor; a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; and one or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd). In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes, or Pd supported on ceramics or metals. In some cases, the one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor. In some cases, the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system. 1. A dry reforming reactor comprisinga gas inlet near the bottom of the reactor;a gas outlet near the top of the reactor;a fluidized bed comprising a catalyst; andone or more hydrogen membranes comprising palladium (Pd).2. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 1 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.3. The reactor of wherein said one or more hydrogen membranes are placed vertically in the reactor as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reactor.4. The reactor of wherein the hydrogen membranes are configured to selectively collect hydrogen from the tubes via one or more internal manifolds and sent to an external hydrogen collection system.5. The reactor of wherein the gas inlet is configured to allow one or more feed streams to enter the reactor via a manifold or distributor.6. The reactor of wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and alumina.7. The reactor of wherein the reactor is configured to allow reformed gas to exit the top of the reactor and separate from spent catalyst.8. The reactor of configured to use no process water and no oxygen.9. The reactor of is operated at a temperature range of 600-700° C. and a pressure range of 700-800 kPa.10. The reactor of comprising one or more internal ...

AMMONIA-UREA INTEGRATED PROCESS AND PLANT

A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising an ammonia section and a tied-in urea section, wherein a hydrocarbon is reformed to produce ammonia make-up synthesis gas; said make-up gas is purified by shift conversion and removal of carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide is removed from the make-up gas by a first and a second CO2 removal sections;the first section removes CO2 by absorption with a suitable medium, and the second section removes CO2 by washing with a carbamate solution taken from the urea section; the make-up gas is reacted to produce ammonia; the CO2 removed from the make-up gas and at least part of the ammonia are used to produce urea. 1) A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising:reforming a hydrocarbon source obtaining a make-up gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein said make-up gas after purification is converted into ammonia,at least part of the synthesized ammonia provides the ammonia feed of a urea synthesis process, said urea synthesis process also receiving a carbon dioxide feed,the urea synthesis process comprising the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea synthesis section to form a urea aqueous solution, and subsequent treatment of said solution in a urea recovery section,{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the purification of the make-up gas comprises removal of COby means of a first step of COremoval in a first COremoval unit and a second step of COremoval in a second COremoval unit, which are carried out in series or in parallel, said first and second COremoval units not being said urea synthesis section,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'one of said first and second COremoval steps comprises washing CO-containing make-up gas with a carbamate solution taken from said urea recovery section,'}{'sub': '2', 'and said carbon dioxide feed of the urea synthesis process comprises at least part of the carbon dioxide separated from said ...

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to a steel mill adapted to provide gas stream(s) comprising CO to a microbial fermentation, the steel mill comprising a steel mill structure containing apparatus for a steel manufacturing process wherein said apparatus produces waste gases during various stages of the steel making process, said waste gases being directed into the atmosphere by a waste stack, wherein the waste stack is connected to a fermentation system by a transfer means connected to the waste stack to divert at least a portion of the waste gases to the microbial fermentation system.

PORTABLE DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN, AND USE THEREOF

Portable device () for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen precursor and a liquid, this device comprising—a main chamber (), intended for receiving said hydrogen precursor and said liquid, —an additional chamber (), intended for collecting the hydrogen thus produced, —a separation membrane (), defining said main chamber relative to said additional chamber, —means () for discharging the hydrogen out of the additional chamber, and characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means (), provided on at least one portion of the periphery of said main chamber. This device produces pure hydrogen which may supply a fuel cell. 1. A portable device for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen precursor and a liquid , the portable device comprising:a main enclosure, intended for receiving said hydrogen precursor and said liquid,an additional chamber, intended to collect hydrogen thus produced,a separation membrane, delimiting said main enclosure with respect to said additional chamber,means for discharging the hydrogen, out of the additional chamber, and characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means, provided on at least part of the periphery of said main enclosure.2. The portable device according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one active cooling means that cooperates with said heat exchange means.3. The portable device according to claim 2 , characterized in that it comprises ventilation means that cooperate with the heat exchange means.4. The portable device according to claim 3 , characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the temperature at a wall of the main enclosure.5. The portable device according to claim 4 , characterized in that it comprises slaving means claim 4 , for slaving the active cooling means to the temperature measurement means.6. The portable device according to claim 5 , characterized in that this device further comprises means for removably fixing the additional chamber with respect to the main enclosure.7. The ...

Polygeneration Production of Power and Fertilizer Through Emissions Capture

Method for the production of ammonia, and optionally urea, from a flue gas effluent from an oxy-fired process, wherein the production of ammonia and optionally urea includes a net power production. Also provided is a method to effect cooling in an oxy-fired process with air separation unit exit gases utilizing either closed or open cooling loop cycles. 1. A method for the production of ammonia from exhaust flue gases of an oxygen-fired process , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock and oxygen to an oxygen-fired process to produce an exhaust flue gas, said exhaust flue gas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;supplying the exhaust flue gas to a first reactor, said first reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and produce a modified exhaust flue gas;supplying the modified exhaust flue gas to a second reactor, said second reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert any remaining carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide-rich exhaust flue gas;supplying the carbon dioxide-rich exhaust flue gas from the second reactor to a first condenser to remove water and produce a gas stream comprising primarily hydrogen and carbon dioxide;supplying the gas stream comprising primarily hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the first condenser to a carbon dioxide stripper to produce a hydrogen stream and a high purity carbon dioxide stream, said carbon dioxide stripper being charged with a solvent suitable for extracting a carbon dioxide, and wherein the hydrogen stream comprises minor amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;supplying the hydrogen stream to a third reactor, said third reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured for the production methane from the minor amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide present in the hydrogen stream, said third reactor producing a methane product ...

Processing methane for syngas production with reduced co2 emissions

A method for processing methane includes processing methane in presence of a carbon dioxide stream, whereby a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced. The synthesis gas is contacted with a carbon monoxide-absorbing solution, thereby removing at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and producing a final synthesis gas having an increased ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING OF MATERIALS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE TORCH

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like. 1. An apparatus for processing input material , comprising:a reactor vessel defining a combustion zone; the reactor vessel further having at least one input port for receiving the input feedstock, the input feedstock being directed proximally to the at least one flame;', 'the reactor vessel further having an output for discharging a primary reactor output stream;', 'at least one cooler coupled to receive the primary reactor output stream and operable to cool the primary reactor output stream and generate a secondary output stream;, 'the reactor vessel having at least one input for a combustible torch fuel to at least one torch nozzle, the at least one torch nozzle being adapted to generate at least one flame within said reactor;'}a scrubber, coupled to receive the secondary output stream from the cooler/separator, the scrubber being operable to further extract at least one gas from the secondary output stream.2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further has an input for receiving a supply of steam.3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises hydrogen.4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the combustible torch fuel further comprises methane.5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel is combined with oxygen.6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustible torch fuel comprises acetylene.7. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel further having at least one input port ...

UNCONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CLEANING UP SAME FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSING

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. An unconditioned syngas generated by steam reforming of biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide and suitable for the production of Fischer-Tropsch products therefrom , the unconditioned syngas having a component composition comprising:(a) a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;(b) a hydrogen concentration ranging from between 20 volume percent to 60 volume percent on a dry basis;(c) one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, cresol, and combinations thereof, the VOC concentration ranges from between 500 parts per million by volume to 10,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(d) one or more semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) selected from the group consisting of indene, indan, napthalene, methylnapthalene, acenapthylene, acenapthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, (methyl-) anthracenes/phenanthrenes, pyrene/fluoranthene, methylpyrenes/benzofluorenes, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes, methylbenz[a]anthracenes, perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,kl]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and combinations thereof, the SVOC concentration ranges from between 10 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(e) a hydrogen chloride concentration ranging from between greater than 0 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; and(f) a hydrogen sulfide concentration ...

Method for hydrogen production

The present invention relates to a method for hydrogen production and to a method of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production from syngas. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) separating at least part of hydrogen from the stream yielding a hydrogen-depleted stream, (iii) subjecting the hydrogen-depleted stream to a water-gas shift reaction, and (iv) separating hydrogen from the stream resulting from step (iii). The method according to the invention improves the conversion of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reaction and allows to increase the hydrogen production by 10-15% and to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system by 5-7%. The invention further relates to a plant for hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production suitable for the method of the invention.

Proton conducting membranes for hydrogen production and separation

In one embodiment, a membrane of proton-electron conducting ceramics that is useful for the conversion of a hydrocarbon and steam to hydrogen has a porous support coated with a film of a Perovskite-type oxide. By including the Zr and M in the oxide in place of Ce, the stability can be improved while maintaining sufficient hydrogen flux for efficient generation of hydrogen. In this manner, the conversion can be carried out by performing steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or water-gas shift reactions (WGS) at high temperature, where the conversion of CO to CO 2 and H 2 is driven by the removal of H 2 to give high conversions.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW GASES BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL GAS SCRUBBING

A process for separating undesired, in particular acidic gas constituents from a raw gas, in particular raw synthesis gas, by absorption with cold methanol as physical detergent, wherein the methanol is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine by using a multi-component coolant. The use of the coolant according to the invention provides significant advantages with regard to the compressor capacity required in the compression refrigeration machine for the provision of a defined cooling capacity. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for the separation of undesired gas constituents , in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide , from a raw gas , in particular raw synthesis gas , with methanol as detergent , the process comprising the following steps:a) supplying the raw gas to the absorption apparatus;b) cooling a methanol partial stream withdrawn from the absorption apparatus by indirect heat exchange with a coolant in a heat exchanger arranged outside the absorption apparatus and recirculating the cooled methanol partial stream into the absorption apparatus, wherein the coolant is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine which includes at least one compression stage;c) contacting the raw gas with the cooled methanol partial stream and with at least one further methanol partial stream recirculated from downstream process stages in the absorption apparatus, wherein a process gas stream depleted of undesired gas constituents and a loaded methanol partial stream enriched in undesired gas constituents is obtained;d) multistage regeneration of the loaded methanol partial stream by pressure decrease and/or temperature increase, between or downstream of which optionally further absorption steps can be carried out for separating further undesired gas constituents from the process gas stream, wherein at least one regenerated methanol partial stream is obtained, which is recirculated to step c) and wherein gas streams containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATE

Parallel co-production process for the production of methanol and urea product from a hydrocarbon containing feed-stock by means of autothermal reforming, intermediary methanol and ammonia formation and conversion of the ammonia to urea product and catalytic oxidation of the methanol to formaldehyde. 1. Process for the production of urea formaldehyde concentrate from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising steps of:(a) producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide by partial combustion and steam reforming the hydrocarbon feedstock in an autothermal reforming stage;(b) splitting the synthesis gas from step into a first synthesis gas and a second synthesis gas;(c) subjecting the second synthesis gas from step (b) in series to a high temperature water gas shift and a medium temperature water gas shift conversion;(d) removing at least part of the carbon dioxide from the second synthesis gas from step (c) to obtain a carbon dioxide depleted second synthesis gas;(e) adding nitrogen into the carbon dioxide depleted second synthesis in an amount to obtain a molar ratio hydrogen to nitrogen of 2.8 to 3.2.(f) catalytically converting the nitrogen and hydrogen in the purified second synthesis gas from step (e) in an inert free ammonia synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent containing ammonia; and(g) passing at least part of the ammonia containing effluent to a urea synthesis stage and converting the ammonia in the effluent to urea product by reaction with at least part of the carbon dioxide being removed from the synthesis gas in step (d),(h) catalytically converting the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen of the first synthesis gas from step (c) in a once through methanol synthesis stage and withdrawing an effluent containing raw methanol and an effluent containing unconverted first synthesis gas;(i) recycling the effluent containing the unconverted first synthesis gas to the medium temperature shift conversion in step (c) and/or ...

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

FUEL CELL INTEGRATION WITHIN A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Systems and methods are provided for incorporating molten carbonate fuel cells into a heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) for production of electrical power while also reducing or minimizing the amount of COpresent in the flue gas exiting the HRSG. An optionally multi-layer screen or wall of molten carbonate fuel cells can be inserted into the HRSG so that the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells substantially fills the cross-sectional area. By using the walls of the HRSG and the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells to form a cathode input manifold, the overall amount of duct or flow passages associated with the MCFCs can be reduced. 112.-. (canceled)13. A heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”) for producing electricity using an integrated molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode , the HRSG comprising:an enclosure that forms a flow path that extends between an inlet that receives a gas flow and an outlet that exhausts at least a portion of the received gas flow;one or more heat exchangers extending into the flow path; anda fuel cell screen located within the enclosure and comprising a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells having cathode inlets, the fuel cell screen being oriented in the flow path so that the cathode inlets of the molten carbonate fuel cells receive substantially all of the received gas flow, the plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells also having a plurality of cathode outlets fluidly exposed to the flow path to discharge cathode exhaust to the flow path.14. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a duct burner located within the HRSG and upstream from the one or more heat exchangers.15. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a first heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers and upstream from a second heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers.16. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein a first cross ...

Methods and systems for ammonia production

A method for ammonia synthesis using a water-gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR) is presented. The method includes carrying out a water-gas shift reaction in the WGSMR to form a first product stream and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) stream, wherein the first product stream includes nitrogen (N 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), and a molar ratio of H 2 to N 2 in the first product stream is about 3. The method further includes separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 in the first product stream in a CO 2 separation unit to form a second product stream, and separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) in the second product stream in a methanator unit to form a third product stream. The method further includes generating an ammonia stream from the third product stream in an ammonia synthesis unit. A system for ammonia synthesis is also presented.

Process For Purifying Tail Gas From Ore-Smelting Electrical Furnace by Catalytic Oxidization

Disclosed is a process for purifying tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace by catalytic oxidization, which comprises: impregnating a catalyst carrier in an impregnating solution, then aging, calcinating, and finally drying, so as to prepare a catalyst of high efficiency; then washing the tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace with an aqueous alkali-containing solution, pre-heating the alkali-washed tail gas; and adjusting the oxygen volume content in the tail gases, charging the tail gases at a certain speed, purifying the gases by a catalytic oxidization fixed bed containing the catalyst of high efficiency, cooling the purified gas, so as to obtain the feed gases for C1 chemistry. 1. A process for purifying tail gases from an ore-smelting furnace by catalytic oxidation comprising the following steps:{'b': '8 hours to obtain a catalyst of high efficiency;', '(1) impregnating a catalyst carrier with an impregnating solution for 10-24 hours, then aging for 18-24 [[h]]hours, calcinating at about 350-650° C. for 6-12 hours, and drying at 110° C. for 2-'}(2) washing the tail gases from an ore-smelting electrical furnace with an aqueous alkali solution, and heating the washed gases to about 70-110° C.;{'sup': 3', '3, '(3) adjusting a volume content of oxygen in the tail gases from step (2) to about 0.5 to 3%, then passing the tail gases through a catalytic oxidization fixed-bed from the bottom to the top of the fixed-bed with a flow rate of about 300-600 m(volume of gas)/m(volume of catalyst)·hour for at least one purification reaction, wherein the purification reaction occurs at about 50-100° C., thereby producing purified gases, and then loading the fixed-bed with the catalyst of high efficiency-obtained from step (1), and then cooling the purified gases to obtain feed gases.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst carrier in said step (1) is activated alumina claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , activated carbon or diatomite.3. The ...

Process and plant for biomass treatment

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

ATR BASED AMMONIA PROCESS AND PLANT

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process including the steps of: reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO; and shifting said synthesis gas in a high temperature shift step over a promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based high temperature shift catalyst, wherein the steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is less than 2.6. 1. A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas , said process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 4', '2', '2', '2, 'reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH, CO, CO, Hand HO; and'}shifting said synthesis gas in a high temperature shift step over a promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based high temperature shift catalyst, whereinthe steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is less than 2.6.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the high temperature shift step is 300-600° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the promoted zinc-aluminum oxide based HT shift catalyst comprises in its active form a Zn/Al molar ratio in the range 0.5 to 1.0 and a content of alkali metal in the range 0.4 to 8.0 wt % and a copper content in the range 0-10% based on the weight of oxidized catalyst.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step is 2.6-0.1.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reforming takes place in an autothermal reformer (ATR).6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the space velocity in the ATR is less than 20.000 NmC/m/h.7. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a prereforming step.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high temperature shift step is one or more high temperature shift steps in series.9. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional shift step downstream the high temperature shift step.10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more ...

Process for the ammonia production

Process and plant for the synthesis of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising: primary reforming with steam and air-fired secondary reforming wherein primary reforming is performed at a temperature and pressure of at least 790° C. and 50 bar, and secondary reforming is carried out substantially in absence of excess air, the so obtained make-up synthesis gas having a H 2 to N 2 molar ratio in the range 2.5 to 3.

LIQUID PHASE REFORMING OF OXYGENATES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

In the liquid phase reforming (LPR) of oxygenated C,H-containing compounds such as alcohols, various strategies are disclosed for managing byproduct CO. Important processing options include those in which electrolyte, consumed in capturing or precipitating the COgenerated from LPR, is regenerated or not regenerated, with carbon emissions potentially being avoided in the latter case. With regeneration, different chemistries are possible, such as in the case of a regeneration cycle utilizing hydroxide anions to precipitate a solid, carbonate form of COthat is generated from reforming. Alternatively, a reaction and regeneration system may use carbonate anions to “capture” COand thereby maintain it as aqueous, solubilized bicarbonate form. 1. A process for reforming an oxygenated C ,H-containing compound , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'contacting the oxygenated C,H-containing compound with a catalyst in an aqueous electrolyte solution, said aqueous electrolyte solution comprising at least one CO-precipitating cation, wherein said oxygenated C,H-containing compound is reformed by reaction with HO in said aqueous electrolyte solution, to produce Hand a precipitated carbonate form of generated COand the CO-precipitating cation.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 1 ,H-containing compound is an alcohol or an ether.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxygenated C claim 2 ,H-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , and dimethyl ether.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is selected from the group consisting of Caor Li claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous electrolyte solution as Ca(OH)or LiOH.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the at least one CO-precipitating cation is added to said aqueous ...

PROCESS FOR REVAMPING AN AMMONIA PLANT

A method is described for revamping an ammonia production facility said ammonia production facility having a front end comprising one or more reformers fed with a hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate and a high-temperature shift reactor fed with a reformed gas obtained from said one or more reformers and containing a fixed bed of iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst, said front end operating at a first steam- to-carbon ratio and a first pressure drop, said method comprising the steps of (i) replacing the iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst with a low-steam water-gas shift catalyst to form a modified front end, (ii) operating the modified front end at a second steam-to-carbon ratio and a second pressure drop, wherein the second steam-to-carbon ratio is at least 0.2 less than the first steam-to-carbon ratio and the second pressure drop is less than the first pressure drop, and (iii) increasing the hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate to said one or more reformers. 1. A method for revamping an ammonia production facility ,. said ammonia production facility having a front end comprising:(a) one or more reformers fed with a hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate; and (i) replacing the iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst with a low-steam water-gas shift catalyst to form a modified front end,', '(ii) operating the modified front end at a second steam-to-carbon ratio and a second pressure drop, wherein the second steam-to-carbon ratio is at least 0.2 less than the first steam-to-carbon ratio and the second pressure drop is less than the first pressure drop, and', '(iii) increasing the hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate to said one or more reformers., '(b) a high-temperature shift reactor fed with a reformed gas obtained from said one or more reformers and containing a fixed bed of iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst, said front end operating at a first steam-to-carbon ratio and a first pressure drop, said method ...

Method for converting biomass into fischer-tropsch products with carbon dioxide recycling

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

CARBON CAPTURE IN FERMENTATION

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO into one or more first products which, in turn, may be incorporated into an article of manufacture or one or more second products. 1. A method of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation , the method comprising:i. receiving off or waste gas stream(s) comprising CO from an industrial process;ii. passing the gas stream(s) to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms;iii. fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more first products; andiv. incorporating the one or more products into an article or converting the one or more products into one or more second products.2. The method of wherein at least one first product is selected from ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , isopropanol and monoethylene glycol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the article is antiseptic hand rubs claim 1 , therapeutic treatments for methylene glycol and methanol poisoning claim 1 , solvents claim 1 , antimicrobial preservatives claim 1 , engine fuels claim 1 , rocket fuels claim 1 , fuel cells claim 1 , home fireplace fuel claim 1 , industrial chemical precursors claim 1 , winterization extraction solvents claim 1 , paint masking products claim 1 , paints claim 1 , tinctures claim 1 , nucleic acid purifiers claim 1 , or cooling bath medium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the second product is ethylene.5. The method of further comprising incorporating the ethylene into anaesthetics claim 4 , fruit ripening agents claim 4 , fertilizers claim 4 , safety glass claim 4 , metal cutting gases claim 4 , welding gases claim 4 , high velocity thermal sprays claim 4 , or refrigerants.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising converting the ethylene into polyethylene (PE) claim 4 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 4 , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) claim 4 , or ...

SYSTEM FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A system for removing solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from unconditioned syngas having steam contained therein , the unconditioned syngas having a first temperature above a SVOC condensation temperature , the system comprising:{'b': '8100', 'a venturi scrubber () configured to receive the unconditioned syngas, solvent and water and output an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam together with a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;'}{'b': '8125', 'a char scrubber () configured to receive the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam and the first mixture, and separately output: (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC relative to the unconditioned gas stream, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;'}{'b': '8275', 'a decanter () configured to receive the second mixture and separate the water within the second mixture based upon immiscibility so that the SVOC, solids and solvent collect together to form a third mixture separate from the water within the decanter, the decanter further configured to separately output the water and the third mixture; and'}{'b': '8300', 'a vessel () arranged to receive the third mixture, the vessel having at least one liquid phase candle filter and a vessel bottom provided with a drain port; whereinthe candle filter is capable of operating so that: (i) the solids agglomerate on a surface of the candle filter and form a filter cake, and (ii) the SVOC ...

Carbon dioxide removal system

A process for capture of carbon dioxide from gases comprising using Li4SiO 4 contained in a molten salt mixture at a elevated temperature and recovering the CO 2 captured. Also disclosed is A process for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons or coal comprising reacting steam and hydrocarbon at conditions that convert them to hydrogen and CO 2 ; contacting the CO 2 containing gas so formed with Li4SiO 4 contained in a molten salt mixture at an elevated temperature and recovering the CO 2 so captured.

System for Syngas Clean-Up

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A syngas clean-up system for processing unconditioned syngas having solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) therein , comprising:{'b': '8000', 'a hydrocarbon reformer () connected to a source of unconditioned syngas and operated to output an improved quality syngas;'}{'b': 8000', '8100', '8125, 'a semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) removal system positioned downstream of the hydrocarbon reformer (), the SVOC removal system comprising at least one scrubber (, ) and configured to output a first depleted syngas stream having a reduced amount of solids and SVOCs relative to the unconditioned syngas;'}{'b': '8600', 'at least one syngas compressor () positioned downstream of the scrubber and configured output a compressed first depleted syngas stream;'}a volatile organic compound (VOC) separation system positioned downstream of the syngas compressor, the VOC separation system comprising at least one adsorber and configured to output a second depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of VOC relative to the compressed first depleted syngas stream;{'b': '8875', 'at least one carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis bed () positioned downstream of the VOC separation system and configured to remove carbonyl sulfide to produce a third depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of carbonyl sulfide relative to the second depleted syngas stream; and'}{'b': '8900', 'at least one sulfur guard bed () positioned downstream of the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis bed and configured to remove at least one ...

Continuous slag handling system

A system includes a slurry inlet of the gasifier that receives a feedstock slurry and a gasification section of the gasifier that gasifies the feedstock slurry to produce syngas. The system includes a quench chamber to cool the syngas produced in the gasification section using a liquid feed to produce a quench blow down and quenched syngas. The quench blow down has solids produced as a by-product from gasification. The system includes a quench blowdown outlet which discharges the quench blow down and a slag sump liquid such that the solids concentration of the quench blowdown is reduced. The system includes a syngas outlet which discharges the syngas and a syngas scrubber fluidly coupled to the syngas outlet and to the quench chamber. The syngas scrubber includes a syngas inlet, a scrubbed syngas outlet, and a scrubber blow down outlet fluidly coupled to a fluid inlet of the gasifier.

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ULTRAPURE, HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN

In various implementations, feed streams that include methane are reacted to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas may be further processed to produce ultrapure, high-pressure hydrogen streams. 1. A method for producing hydrogen , comprising;exothermically reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feed stream with at least one of steam or an oxidant gas comprising molecular oxygen in a first reactor to produce an exothermically generated syngas product, wherein the feed stream includes methane;endothermically reforming a second portion of the hydrocarbon feed stream with steam over a catalyst in a heat exchange reformer to produce an endothermically-reformed syngas product, wherein at least a portion of heat used in generation of the endothermically-reformed syngas product is obtained by recovering heat from the exothermically-generated syngas product; [{'sub': 4', '2, 'generating, at a pressure above 60 bar, a ratio of methane (CH) to hydrogen plus carbon monoxide (H+CO) of above 5% molar in the endothermically-reformed syngas product from heat exchange reformer tubes;'}, 'separating at least the methane from a combination of the exothermically-generated syngas product and the endothermically-reformed syngas product as part of a waste-gas stream;', 'combusting at least a portion of the waste gas using exhaust from a gas turbine as an oxidant to produce superheated steam and hydrocarbon feed streams used in the exothermically and endothermically generated synthesis gas production; and', 'generating power using the gas turbine to power an oxygen production unit providing the oxygen for synthesis gas generation., 'wherein the endothermically-reformed syngas product is further processed as follows2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exothermically-generated syngas product is generated using a partial oxidation burner followed by a catalytic section reforming section in an autothermal reformer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of CHto (H+CO) in the ...

Rsc external downcomer tube arrangement

A system includes a radiant syngas cooler which receives and cools syngas generated in a gasifier. The radiant syngas cooler includes an outer shell of the radiant syngas cooler defining an annular space of the radiant syngas cooler and a heat exchange tube of the radiant syngas cooler positioned within the annular space and configured to flow a cooling medium. The heat exchange tube is configured to enable heat exchange between the syngas and the cooling medium to cool the syngas. The radiant syngas cooler includes a downcomer tube of the radiant syngas cooler which supplies the cooling medium to the heat exchange tube, where the downcomer tube includes a downflow portion positioned outside of the annular space of the radiant syngas cooler. The downflow portion is fluidly coupled to a header, and the header fluidly couples the downcomer tube to the heat exchange tube.

Process for Acid Gas Treatment and Power Generation

Systems and processes for treating acid gas from a sour gas stream are provided. A chemical looping combustion (CLC) process is provided that uses CaCOto capture sulfur from the acid gas and produce CaSO. An acid gas treatment unit may receive an acid gas from an acid gas removal unit and produce the CaSOand various gas and air streams for use in heat exchangers for steam production. The acid gas treatment unit may include a fuel reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a calciner reactor. Another acid gas treatment unit may include a fuel reactor that includes the calciner function and an oxidizer reactor. A selective membrane module may be disposed between the sour gas stream and an acid gas removal unit to produce a HS and COpermeate that is mixed with the acid gas stream provided to the acid gas treatment unit. 1. A system , comprising: a fuel reactor operable to receive the acid gas stream and calcium oxide, the fuel reactor further operable to react the hydrogen sulfide with the calcium oxide to produce calcium sulfide and a first gas stream comprising water vapor and carbon dioxide;', 'an oxidizer reactor operable to receive the calcium sulfide and a first air stream, the oxidizer reactor further operable to produce calcium sulfate and an oxygen-lean second air stream, the oxygen-lean air stream comprising no more than 15% by weight oxygen: and', 'a calciner reactor operable to receive the oxygen-lean second air stream and calcium carbonate, the calciner reactor further operable to produce the calcium oxide and a second gas stream, the second gas stream comprising carbon dioxide., 'an acid gas treatment unit operable to treat an acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide, the acid gas treatment unit comprising2. The system of claim 1 , comprising one or more heat exchangers operable to receive at least one of the first gas stream claim 1 , the second gas stream claim 1 , and the oxygen-lean second air stream claim 1 , the one or more heat exchangers further ...

Parallel reforming in chemical plant

A chemical plant including: a reforming section arranged to receive a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons and provide a combined synthesis gas stream, wherein the reforming section includes: an electrically heated reforming reactor housing a first catalyst, an autothermal reforming reactor in parallel with the electrically heated reforming reactor, wherein the reforming section is arranged to output a combined synthesis gas stream including at least part of the first and/or second synthesis gas streams, an optional post processing unit downstream the reforming section, a gas separation unit arranged to separate a synthesis gas stream into a water condensate and an intermediate synthesis gas, and a downstream section arranged to receive the intermediate synthesis gas and to process the intermediate synthesis gas to a chemical product and an off-gas. Also, a process for producing a chemical product from a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

Method for Syngas Clean-Up of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for removing solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from unconditioned syngas having steam contained therein , the unconditioned syngas having a first temperature above a SVOC condensation temperature , the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with a solvent and water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form: (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC relative to the unconditioned gas stream, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;(c) separating the water within the second mixture based upon immiscibility so that the SVOC, solids and solvent collect together to form a third mixture above the water;(d) separating the solids from the SVOC and solvent in a vessel having at least one liquid phase candle filter such that the solids agglomerate on a surface of the candle filter and form a filter cake having density greater than that of water within the vessel;(e) backflushing the candle filter to loosen the filter cake so that the filter cake sinks into the water within the vessel; and(f) removing the filter cake from a bottom of the vessel.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:separating the water within the second mixture based upon ...

Method and System for Converting Associated Gas

A volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a steam reformer system to create synthesis gas.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from the reforming of hydrocarbons with steam in a primary reformer () equipped with a plurality of externally heated catalytic tubes and then together with air in a secondary reformer () is characterized in that the reaction of said hydrocarbons with said steam in said primary reformer () is performed at an operating pressure of more than 35 bar in the catalytic tubes, in that air is added to said secondary reformer in excess over the nitrogen amount required for ammonia synthesis and in that the excess of nitrogen is removed downstream the secondary reformer preferably by cryogenic separation or by molecular sieves of the TAS or PSA type. This process allows to obtain high synthesis gas production capacities and lower investment and energy costs. 1. A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas , comprising the steps of:feeding a gas flow comprising hydrocarbons and a gas flow comprising steam to a primary reformer equipped with a plurality of externally heated catalytic tubes,reacting said hydrocarbons with said steam in the catalytic tubes of said primary reformer at an operating pressure of more than 35 bar in the catalytic tubes, obtaining a product gas,feeding said product gas and a flow of air to a secondary reformer in the absence of added hydrocarbons, said air being added in excess over the nitrogen amount required for ammonia synthesis for substantially reforming all the hydrocarbons content of said product gas exiting the primary reformer,subjecting said product gas to reaction with said air and then to secondary reforming, obtaining a reformed gas comprising nitrogen in excess over the amount required for ammonia synthesis, hydrogen, carbon oxides and unreacted steam, andremoving carbon oxides and excess nitrogen from said reformed gas to obtain said synthesis gas,wherein the outlet temperature of said gas product from the tubes of the primary reformer does not exceed 750° C. so as to increase the lifetime ...

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE-STABILIZED UREA

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit; (b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (c) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide; (d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit; (e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (f) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (h) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using formaldehyde recovered from the formaldehyde production unit, wherein a source of air is compressed and divided into first and second portions, the first portion is provided to the formaldehyde production unit for the oxidation of methanol and the second portion is further compressed and provided to the synthesis gas generation unit. 1. A process for producing formaldehyde-stabilized urea comprising the steps of:(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off- ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for producing a formaldehyde-stabilised urea product comprising the steps of(a) generating a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam in a synthesis gas generation unit;(b) recovering carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas;(c) synthesizing methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and residual carbon monoxide;{'b': '9', '(d) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air in a process comprising subjecting the methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream, separating the formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream , wherein said recovered methanol forms at least a portion of the feed to said formaldehyde production unit;'}(e) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas;(f) synthesizing ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia;(g) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a ...

REFORMER DEVICE COMPRISING A CO2 MEMBRANE

A reformer device including a reaction chamber for carrying out a reaction having a hydrocarbon stream as a reactant gas and with hydrogen rich synthesis gas as a reaction product. The membrane is provided within the reaction chamber. The reformer device further includes a heating reactor for heating the reaction chamber, where the membrane is a semi-permeable membrane arranged to allow COpass through it; the reaction chamber includes a catalyst material arranged to catalyze a steam methane reforming reaction and to catalyze a water gas shift reaction; and the reformer device is arranged to carry out the steam methane reforming reaction at a pressure between about 15 and about 50 barg within the reaction chamber. A method for carrying out a reaction having a hydrocarbon stream as a reactant gas and with hydrogen rich synthesis gas as reaction product, in a reformer device. 1. A reformer device comprising a reaction chamber for carrying out a reaction having a hydrocarbon stream as a reactant gas and with hydrogen rich synthesis gas as a reaction product , wherein a membrane is provided within the reaction chamber , said reformer device further comprising a heating reactor for heating the reaction chamber , wherein{'sub': '2', 'a. the membrane is a semi-permeable membrane arranged to allow COpass through it,'}b. the reaction chamber comprises a catalyst material arranged to catalyze a steam methane reforming reaction and to catalyze a water gas shift reaction, andc. the reformer device is arranged to carry out the steam methane reforming reaction at a pressure between about 15 and about 50 barg within the reaction chamber.2. A reformer device according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane defines an inner diffusion chamber claim 1 , the inner diffusion chamber having an inlet to admit a sweep gas arranged to sweep COdiffused into the diffusion chamber out through an outlet from the diffusion chamber.3. A reformer device according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane ...

Process for Producing Ammonia Synthesis Gas

A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas from the reforming of hydrocarbons with steam in a primary reformer ( 1 ) equipped with a plurality of externally heated catalytic tubes and then together with air in a secondary reformer ( 2 ) is characterized in that the reaction of said hydrocarbons with said steam in said primary reformer ( 1 ) is performed at an operating pressure of more than 35 bar in the catalytic tubes, in that air is added to said secondary reformer in excess over the nitrogen amount required for ammonia synthesis and in that the excess of nitrogen is removed downstream the secondary reformer preferably by cryogenic separation or by molecular sieves of the TAS or PSA type. This process allows to obtain high synthesis gas production capacities and lower investment and energy costs.

Process for separation and purification of renewable propane

A method for treating a gas stream comprising hydrogen and propane, where a combination of membrane separation and elevated pressure distillation is used to separate the hydrogen gas from the propane gas.

Method of Producing a Cooled Syngas of Improved Quality

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, BIOFUELS AND UNCONTAMINATED CO2 FROM GASEOUS FEEDSTOCK

There is provided a method for producing hydrocarbon compounds. The method comprising: producing a syngas by introducing a fuel stream comprising a reformable fuel into a reforming system (steam reformer, autothermal reformer, cold plasma reformer and/or internal-reforming fuel cell), and wherein the syngas comprises H, CO and CO, and has a ratio of [H]/[CO] of about 1.4 to about 2.5; producing a decarbonated and dehydrated syngas from the syngas having a ratio of [CO]/[CO+CO] of no higher than 0.6; performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on the decarbonated and dehydrated syngas in the presence of a cobalt- or iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, said Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising pellets of trilobe, cylindrical, hollow cylinder or spherical construction with diameter about 0.5 mm to about 3.0 mm and aspect ratio of 1 to 3.5, to produce a product stream comprising the hydrocarbon compounds; and recycling aqueous products and/or tail gas. 1. A method for producing hydrocarbon compounds , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, '(a) producing a syngas by introducing a fuel stream comprising a reformable fuel into a reforming system, wherein the reforming system comprises one or more of a steam reformer, an autothermal reformer, a cold plasma reformer and an internal-reforming fuel cell, and wherein the syngas comprises H, CO and CO, and has a ratio of [H]/[CO] of about 1.4 to about 2.5;'} [{'sub': '2', '(bi) removing COfrom the syngas with a carbon capture device; and'}, '(bii) removing water from the syngas;', 'wherein (bi) is prior to, simultaneous with or subsequent to (bii);', {'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the decarbonated and dehydrated syngas has a ratio of [CO]/[CO+CO] of no higher than 0.6;'}], '(b) producing a decarbonated and dehydrated syngas from the syngas by(c) performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on the decarbonated and dehydrated syngas under effective Fischer-Tropsch conditions in the presence of a cobalt-or iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, ...

PLANT AND METHOD FOR GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Method and plant for generation of synthesis gas, comprising the steps of air fractionation to give oxygen, nitrogen and tail gas, gasification of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel to give crude synthesis gas and cleaning of the crude synthesis gas by removal of acid gas by means of cryogenic absorption, wherein the absorbent is cooled by means of a compression coolant circuit and the cooling water used is cooled by evaporative cooling by means of the tail gas obtained in the air fractionation. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of generating a synthesis gas which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been purified of acid gases , proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel , and also air and steam , the method comprising the steps of:a) fractionating air by low-temperature rectification to give an oxygen stream, a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream, wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure;b) converting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel at elevated pressure and elevated temperature with the oxygen stream generated in step a) and the steam to a synthesis gas;c) removing the acid gases from the synthesis gas generated in step b) by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column with a liquid absorbent;d) cooling the absorbent used in step c) to the low temperature needed for the low-temperature absorption by means of a compression refrigeration plant, wherein the compression refrigeration plant comprises a coolant circuit in which the coolant is compressed and hence heated and is cooled and condensed by subsequent heat exchange with cooling water; ande) cooling the cooling water before it exchanges heat with the coolant in step d) by evaporative cooling,wherein the evaporative cooling in step e) is conducted with the tail gas stream generated in step a) and/or, after the tail gas stream has been expanded, with the nitrogen stream generated in step a).5. Method according to claim 4 ...

INTEGRATED REFORMER AND SYNGAS SEPARATOR

A reformer assembly for a fuel cell includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube. With this combination of structure, 1. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tube comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wall of the main tube segment; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.2. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tube comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wall of the main tube segment;at least one tube disposed centrally in the main tube segment and defining a second output at one end of the hydrogen-permeable tube for outputting at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent includes hydrogen.4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the input ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND FOR SEPARATING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM SYNTHESIS GAS

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen and for separating carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a physical absorption medium. The process comprises the steps where the synthesis gas and the absorption medium are cooled; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are separately removed from the laden absorption medium; hydrogen is separated from synthesis gas freed of carbon dioxide in a physical separation step, wherein hydrogen as product gas and an offgas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are obtained; product gas hydrogen and carbon dioxide are discharged from the process. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process. 1. A process for producing hydrogen and for separating carbon dioxide from synthesis gas , comprising:(a) providing a synthesis gas, wherein the synthesis gas comprises at least hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;(b) providing a physical absorption medium;(c) cooling the synthesis gas and the absorption medium;(d) removing carbon dioxide from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure, wherein the cooled synthesis gas and the cooled absorption medium are run in countercurrent, wherein synthesis gas at least partially freed of carbon dioxide is obtained and absorption medium laden with carbon dioxide and partially co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen is obtained;(e) treating the laden absorption medium in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen is removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS ORIGINATING FROM A NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PROCESS

A synthesis gas production process combined with a natural gas liquefaction process. At least one part of the heat source required in the synthesis gas production is provided by at least one portion of a stream enriched in hydrocarbons with more than two carbon atoms, extracted during the liquefaction of the natural gas. 111.-. (canceled)13. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the pretreatment step a) is carried out by means of a system for separation by adsorption employing a regeneration stream.14. The process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein step a) consists of a pretreatment by adsorption by means of an adsorption system comprising between two and five containers of at least one layer of adsorbent and at least one device for heating and/or cooling an adsorption and/or regeneration stream circulating in said adsorption system.15. The process as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the steam resulting from the synthesis gas production process is employed to reheat the regeneration stream.16. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein during step a′) claim 12 , all the sulfur-comprising derivatives present in the feed gas are converted into HS by catalysis in a reactor.17. The process as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the product HS is extracted by catalysis.18. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the impurities that will freeze during the liquefaction process which are removed during step a) comprise water claim 12 , carbon dioxide and sulfur-comprising derivatives present in the feed natural gas.19. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein during step c) claim 12 , the hydrocarbon enriched stream is liquefied at a temperature of less than −140° C. by means of a natural gas liquefaction unit comprising at least one main heat exchanger and a system for producing cold.20. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the natural gas feed stream employed in step a) and the natural gas feed stream employed in step a′) originate from the same natural gas ...

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING CRUDE SYNTHESIS GAS TO PRODUCE AN ACID GAS AND ACID GAS SEPARATOR

The invention relates to a gas scrubbing process for purifying crude synthesis gas with methanol as a physical absorption medium, wherein an acid gas comprising at least hydrogen sulfide (HS) is produced. The acid gas is produced in a hot regenerator arranged downstream of an absorption apparatus and subsequently separated from gaseous methanol in an acid gas separator by cooling and condensation. The acid gas separator has a condensation region and an absorption region, wherein both regions are separated from one another by a gas-permeable tray. This has the result that impurities such as hydrogen cyanide and/or ammonia outgassing from a first acid gas substream are not reabsorbed in the condensation region of the acid gas separator, thus avoiding an accumulation of impurities in the hot regenerator or other parts of the gas scrubbing plant. The invention further relates to an acid gas separator and to the use of the acid gas separator according to the invention in a process according to the invention. 1. A process for purifying crude synthesis gas with methanol as a physical absorption medium , wherein an acid gas comprising hydrogen sulfide (HS) is produced and the process comprises the following process steps:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'a. treating crude synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H), hydrogen sulfide (HS) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and/or ammonia (NH) with methanol in an absorption apparatus to obtain a methanol laden with at least HS and HCN and/or NH;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'b. hot-regenerating the methanol laden with HS and HCN and/or NHin a hot regenerator to obtain a gas mixture comprising at least methanol, HS, HCN and/or NHwhich is withdrawn from the hot regenerator;'}c. cooling the gas mixture withdrawn from the hot regenerator and transferring the cooled gas mixture into an acid gas separator, wherein the acid gas separator comprises an absorption region and a condensation region, wherein the absorption region and ...

RECOVERY OF HYDROGEN FROM FRACTIONATION ZONE OFFGAS

Methods and apparatus for increasing the recovery of hydrogen from fractionation section offgas are described. The methods include reducing the pressure of a liquid effluent from a high-pressure reaction zone, and introducing the effluent into a flash drum forming a low pressure liquid effluent. The low pressure effluent is introduced into a low-pressure stripper column, and separated into an overhead vapor stream and at least one additional stream. The stripper column overhead vapor stream is compressed in a one cylinder of a compressor, which has at least one additional cylinder, to an intermediate pressure. The compressed overhead stream is introduced to an intermediate pressure knockout drum forming a gas stream and a liquid stream. The gas stream is introduced into a pressure swing adsorption zone to produce a hydrogen rich gas stream at an intermediate pressure. 1. A method of increasing the recovery of hydrogen from fractionation section off-gas comprising:reducing a pressure of a liquid effluent from a high-pressure reaction zone;introducing the reduced pressure effluent into a flash drum to form a low pressure liquid effluent and a flash gas stream;introducing the low pressure liquid effluent into a low-pressure stripper column;separating the low pressure liquid effluent into an overhead vapor stream and at least one additional stream in the stripper column;compressing the stripper column overhead vapor stream in a first cylinder of a compressor to an intermediate pressure, the compressor having at least one additional cylinder;introducing the compressed overhead vapor stream to an intermediate pressure knockout drum to form a gas stream and a liquid stream;introducing the gas stream from the intermediate pressure knockout drum into a pressure swing adsorption zone to produce a hydrogen rich gas stream at an intermediate pressure.2. The method of further comprising:compressing the hydrogen rich gas stream at the intermediate pressure to a high pressure in ...

Methods and apparatuses for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products using an absorption zone

Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, a method comprises separating a reforming-zone effluent to form a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The net gas phase stream is compressed, partially condensed and cooled to form a partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream. The partially condensed, compressed net gas phase stream is separated to form an intermediate gas phase stream. The intermediate gas phase stream is cooled to form a cooled intermediate gas phase stream. The liquid phase hydrocarbon stream is cooled to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The cooled intermediate gas phase stream is contacted with the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form an H 2 -rich stream and a cooled second intermediate liquid phase hydrocarbon stream that is enriched with C 3 /C 4 hydrocarbons.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS INCLUDING RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS USING MIXING DEVICES

Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, an apparatus comprises a separation zone to receive and separate a reforming-zone effluent to form a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. A compressor receives and compresses the net gas phase stream to form a compressed net gas phase stream. A chiller receives and cools the liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. A first mixing device receives and mixes the compressed net gas phase stream and at least a portion of the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to extract C/Chydrocarbons from the compressed net gas phase stream into the at least the portion of the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. 1. An apparatus for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products , the apparatus comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '5', '2', '6', '5, 'sup': −', '+', '−', '+, 'a separation zone configured to receive and separate a reforming-zone effluent that comprises H, C hydrocarbons, and Chydrocarbons including aromatics to form a net gas phase stream that comprises Hand C hydrocarbons and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream that comprises Chydrocarbons;'}a first compressor configured to receive and compress the net gas phase stream to form a compressed net gas phase stream;a chiller configured to receive and cool the liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form a cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream; and{'sub': 3', '4, 'a first mixing device configured to receive and mix the compressed net gas phase stream and at least a portion of the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to extract C/Chydrocarbons from the compressed net gas phase stream into the at least the portion of the cooled liquid phase hydrocarbon stream to form a first two-phase combined stream.'}2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first mixing device is a static mixer or a jet mixer.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein ...

INTEGRATED REFORMER AND PURIFIER

Certain configurations described herein comprise a reformer that is operative to liberate hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-rich feedstock in a catalytic reforming reaction, where a hydrogen purifier is effective to remove and purify hydrogen gas, in a thermally integrated assembly combining the reformer and purifier. Methods of using the combined reformer/purifier are also described. 112-. (canceled)13. A combined reformer and purifier for converting a hydrogen-rich feedstock into purified hydrogen , comprising a catalyst effective to liberate hydrogen from said hydrogen-rich feedstock and forming a hydrogen-rich mixed gas , wherein the purifier is effective to receive the hydrogen-rich mixed gas and extract a portion of the hydrogen therein as purified hydrogen , leaving a hydrogen-depleted raffinate , and the purifier comprises at least one hydrogen-permeable membrane and at least one compression seal positioned between two compression plates , wherein at least one of said compression plates is an assembly comprising:at least one first cavity comprising a catalyst effective to liberate hydrogen from said hydrogen-rich feedstock and forming a hydrogen-rich mixed gas;at least one second cavity enclosing a burner or oxidative catalytic reactor to oxidize said hydrogen-depleted raffinate or said hydrogen-rich feedstock to supply heat to the at least one first cavity containing said catalyst, said second cavity closed at one end to the flow of gases; andan interior surface proximal to said membrane and an exterior surface distal to said membrane, and said compression plate has at least one cavity, interior, or exterior surface effective to preheat said hydrogen-rich feedstock prior to being delivered to said catalyst bed.14. A combined reformer and purifier for converting a hydrogen-rich feedstock into purified hydrogen as claimed in claim 13 , wherein at least one of said compression plates or compression plate assemblies comprises at least one cavity comprising a ...

Process for the production of formaldeyde-stabilized urea

A process for the production of formaldehyde-stabilised urea is described comprising the steps of: (a) generating a synthesis gas; (b) subjecting the synthesis gas to one or more stages of water-gas shift in one or more water-gas shift reactors to form a shifted gas; (c) cooling the shifted gas to below the dew point and recovering condensate to form a dried shifted gas; (d) recovering carbon dioxide from the dried shifted gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas; (e) synthesising methanol from the carbon dioxide-depleted synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis unit and recovering the methanol and a methanol synthesis off-gas; (f) subjecting at least a portion of the recovered methanol to oxidation with air to form formaldehyde in a stabiliser production unit; (g) subjecting the methanol synthesis off-gas to methanation in a methanation reactor containing a methanation catalyst to form an ammonia synthesis gas; (h) synthesising ammonia from the ammonia synthesis gas in an ammonia production unit and recovering the ammonia; (i) reacting a portion of the ammonia and at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide stream in a urea production unit to form a urea stream; and (j) stabilising the urea by mixing the urea stream and a stabiliser prepared using the formaldehyde produced in the stabiliser production unit, wherein the carbon dioxide removal unit operates by means of absorption using a liquid absorbent and comprises an absorbent regeneration unit, wherein the process includes recovering a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from the absorbent regeneration unit, compressing at least a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to form a compressed carbon dioxide-containing gas stream and passing the compressed carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the methanol synthesis unit.

Method for producing acetylene and syngas

A process for producing acetylene and syngas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, involving: separately preheating a hydrocarbon and a oxygen-comprising input stream; mixing in a mass flow ratio of the oxygen-comprising to hydrocarbon stream at an oxygen number no more than 0.31; feeding the streams via a burner block to a combustion chamber and therein partially oxidizing the hydrocarbon(s) to a cracking gas; quenching the cracking gas to 80 to 90° C. downstream by injecting an aqueous quench medium to obtain a process water stream-1 and a product gas stream-2; cooling the product gas stream-2 in a cooling column by direct heat exchange with cooling water to obtain a process water stream-2 as bottoms, a product gas stream-2 as uppers, and a sidestream; and depleting the sidestream of soot in an electrofilter to generate therein a process water stream-3 combined with water streams-1/2 to afford the process water stream-4.

Liquid fuel cpox reformers and methods of cpox reforming

A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE COMBINATION PRODUCTION OF A MIXTURE OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN AND ALSO OF CARBON MONOXIDE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION AND CRYOGENIC SCRUBBING

Process for the combined production of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, and of carbon monoxide by cryogenic distillation and cryogenic scrubbing, wherein a methane-rich liquid is introduced at a first intermediate level of a scrubbing column as first scrubbing liquid and at least one nitrogen-rich liquid is introduced at a level higher than the first level of the scrubbing column as second scrubbing liquid and a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen is drawn off as overhead gas from the scrubbing column. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for the combined production of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen , of carbon monoxide by cryogenic distillation and cryogenic scrubbing , wherein the process comprises the steps of:i) cooling, in a heat exchanger, a gas mixture containing at least hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane;ii) sending the cooled mixture to a scrubbing column;iii) introducing a methane-rich liquid at a first intermediate level of the scrubbing column as a first scrubbing liquid;iv) introducing at least one nitrogen-rich liquid at a level higher than the first level of the scrubbing column as a second scrubbing liquid;v) withdrawing a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen as an overhead gas from the scrubbing column;vi) withdrawing a first bottoms liquid from the scrubbing column and then sending said first bottoms liquid to a stripping column;vii) withdrawing a liquid that is level with an intermediate section of the scrubbing column and sending said liquid either to the heat exchanger, or to a stripping column overhead gas line, or to a second stripping column;viii) withdrawing a second bottoms liquid from the stripping column and then sending to a column configured to separate carbon monoxide and methane; andix) withdrawing a fluid rich in carbon monoxide from the separating column;x) withdrawing a third bottoms liquid from the separating column, wherein at least one portion of the third bottoms liquid from the separating column constitutes the methane-rich ...

PROCESS FOR CO-PRODUCING COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM BYPRODUCTS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS FOR HYDROCARBON FUEL FORMULATION IN A GTL ENVIRONMENT

The present invention is directed to the modification of the hydrocarbon production sequence of operations including the Fischer-Tropsch process for the production of hydrocarbon fuels in an efficient manner, along with the production of commercially valuable co-products from by-products of the hydrocarbon production process. 1. A process for co-producing commercially valuable products from by-products of a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons , comprising the steps of:(a) formulating a first hydrogen rich syngas stream with a syngas generator;(b) subjecting a portion of said first hydrogen rich syngas stream to a hydrogen separator unit to provide a purified hydrogen by-product stream and a second hydrogen rich syngas stream;(c) subjecting at least a portion of said first hydrogen rich syngas stream, at least a portion of said second hydrogen rich syngas stream, or a combination thereof, to a carbon dioxide removal operation to obtain purified hydrogen rich syngas stream and a carbon dioxide by-product stream;(d) catalytically converting said purified hydrogen rich syngas stream to synthesize said hydrocarbons; and(e) converting said purified hydrogen by-product stream and/or said carbon dioxide by-product stream into said commercially valuable co-products.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein conversion of said purified hydrogen rich syngas stream is achieved using Fischer-Tropsch reactor.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said commercially valuable co-products are selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , urea or any combination thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said syngas generator comprises a steam methane reformer (SMR) claim 1 , an autothermal reformer (ATR) claim 1 , any series or parallel combination thereof claim 1 , or a merged unit (XTR) having an autothermal reformer merged in a single unit with a steam methane reformer.5. The process according to claim 1 , comprising subjecting ...

INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR CARBON RECOVERY AND STORAGE, WITHOUT THE USE OF GAS COMPRESSION

The invention relates to an installation () and a method allowing the near total recovery and space-saving storage of carbon in the form of liquid carbon dioxide (), from a substance () of the group consisting of hydrocarbons/ethers/alcohols, without the use of gas compression. To achieve this, a superheated gas () at a pressure of over 5.18 bar is generated from the substance () of the group consisting of hydrocarbons/ethers/alcohols and water (), and this gas is delivered, by means of steam reforming and hydrogen liberation, into a retentate mass flow () containing carbon dioxide. Liquid carbon dioxide () is obtained therefrom by means of condensation, and is stored in a storage tank () while the liberated hydrogen is oxidised to provide mechanical and/or electrical as well as thermal energy. The use of membranes with low hydrogen/carbon dioxide permeation selectivity is permitted by forming a permeate mass flow circuit that is closed in respect of carbon dioxide. Operation at low pressures is permitted by the condensation and storage at temperatures below the ambient temperature, for which purpose cold () is generated from said thermal energy in a sorption method. 112.-. (canceled)14. The installation according to claim 13 , wherein the device for oxidizing hydrogen gas comprises a solid oxide fuel cell and is connected by a further line to the membrane reactor claim 13 , the further line being adapted to supply exhaust gas from an anode region of the solid oxide fuel cell into the membrane reactor.15. The installation according to claim 13 , further comprisinga device for condensing water anda line for transporting water, which connects the device for condensing water and the steam generator.16. The installation according to claim 13 , further comprising a gas transport line which connects the device for condensing carbon dioxide to the steam generator or to the membrane reactor.17. The installation according to claim 13 , further comprising:an absorption ...

Scrubbing column for cleaning of gas streams

The invention provides a scrubbing column for cleaning gas streams laden with absorbent residues, for example with methanol, and also with solid particles, for example with fuel dust. The gas scrubbing is effected by means of a random packing disposed in the lower region of the scrubbing column and the gas scrubbing of the gas stream laden solely with absorbent residues but not with solid particles by means of a structured packing disposed in the upper region of the scrubbing column. The use of the scrubbing column according to the invention in the integrated plant system between a gasification plant and a plant for gas scrubbing which is operated by the Rectisol process, for example, offers particular advantages with regard to its industrial employability owing to the possible connections described, which bring synergies for efficient operation of the integrated plant system.

METHOD OF OPERATING A SYNGAS PLANT FOR A WIDE RANGE OF HYDROGEN AND CO CO-PRODUCTION

A method for achieving a gas with a variable hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in a system including splitting a warm raw syngas stream into a first portion and a second portion, the second portioning having a portion flowrate. Sending the first portion of the warm raw syngas stream a carbon monoxide separator, thereby producing a first hydrogen enriched stream and a carbon monoxide rich stream. Sending the second portion of the warm raw syngas stream to a water/gas shift reactor, thereby producing a shifted syngas stream. Combining the first hydrogen enriched stream and the second hydrogen enriched stream and sending the combined stream to a hydrogen separator, thereby producing a product hydrogen stream having a hydrogen flowrate, and varying the hydrogen flowrate by increasing the portion flowrate. 1. A method for achieving a gas with a variable hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in a system comprising:a warm raw syngas stream, a first syngas cooler,a second syngas cooler,a water/gas shift reactor,an acid gas scrubber,a temperature swing adsorbera carbon monoxide separator, anda hydrogen separator, the method comprising:splitting the warm raw syngas stream into a first portion and a second portion, the second portion having a hydrogen portion flowrate, and the warm raw syngas stream having a total syngas flow rate,sending the first portion of the warm raw syngas stream to the first syngas cooler, then to the acid gas scrubber, temperature swing adsorber, and carbon monoxide separator, thereby producing a first hydrogen enriched stream and a carbon monoxide rich stream having a carbon monoxide portion flowrate,sending the second portion of the warm raw syngas stream to the water/gas shift reactor, thereby producing a shifted syngas stream, then sending the shifted syngas stream to the second syngas cooler, thereby producing a second hydrogen enriched stream,combining the first hydrogen enriched stream and the second hydrogen enriched stream and sending the combined ...

LIQUID FUEL REFORMER INCLUDING A VAPORIZER AND METHOD OF REFORMING LIQUID REFORMABLE FUEL

A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone. 118-. (canceled)19. A method of reforming a liquid reformable fuel , the method comprising:introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a conduit for routing fluids toward an inlet of a reformer;heating a stream of the oxygen-containing gas with at least one of a first source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit and a second source of heat disposed in the conduit comprising heat of exotherm from the liquid fuel reformer and/or a hydrogen reformate-consuming device external to the liquid fuel reformer to provide a stream of heated oxygen-containing gas;introducing into the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas through or proximate to a vaporizer a liquid reformable fuel to provide a heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture; andreforming the heated gaseous reforming reaction mixture to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.20. The method of claim 19 , comprising:heating the stream of the oxygen-containing gas and/or the stream of heated oxygen-containing gas with a third source of heat comprising an electric heater disposed in the conduit downstream from the first and second sources of heat and upstream from the vaporizer.21. The method of claim 20 , comprising:discontinuing heating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the first source of heat; andheating the stream of oxygen-containing gas with the second and third sources of heat.22. The method of comprising adjusting the heat supplied by the second source and/or third source of heat.23. The method of claim 19 , comprising heating the liquid reformable fuel using the second source of heat and/or the third source of heat claim 19 , when present claim 19 , prior to introducing the liquid ...

Method for production of CO, H2 and methanol-synthesis gas from a synthesis gas, in particular from acetylene off-gas

The invention relates to a method for production of a methanol-synthesis gas product stream (), an Hproduct stream () and a CO product stream () from an H− and CO-containing synthesis gas stream (). 12345. Method for production of a methanol-synthesis gas product stream () , an Hproduct stream () and a CO product stream () from an H− and CO-containing synthesis gas stream () , having the steps:{'b': 5', '51', '52', '51', '100', '51, 'sub': 2', '2, 'portioning the synthesis gas stream () into a first and a second synthesis gas substream (, ), wherein only CO contained in the first synthesis gas substream () is converted () to COand Husing steam admixed to the first synthesis gas substream (), wherein'}{'b': 51', '52', '52', '102, 'i': 'a', 'sub': '2', 'the first synthesis gas substream () and a part () of the second synthesis gas substream () are scrubbed (), each in a separate column, with an amine-containing scrubbing medium, in particular, for scrubbing out CO, wherein, in particular, the scrubbing medium is regenerated in a shared column,'}{'b': 2', '51', '51', '52', '52', '2, 'i': 'b', 'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'wherein the methanol-synthesis gas product stream () is formed from one part (a) of the scrubbed converted first synthesis gas substream () and/or the other part () of the unconverted second synthesis gas stream (), in such a manner that a ratio of (H−CO)/(CO+CO) that is required for the methanol synthesis is established in the methanol-synthesis gas product stream (), in particular in a range from 2.0 to 2.1, wherein'}{'b': 52', '52', '4', '3, 'i': 'a', 'sub': '2', 'the scrubbed one part () of the second non-converted synthesis gas substream () is used for production of the CO product stream () and the Hproduct stream (), and wherein'}{'b': 51', '51', '3, 'i': 'b', 'sub': '2', 'the other part () of the scrubbed converted first synthesis gas substream () is used for production of the Hproduct stream ().'}25. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that ...

APPARATUS AND COMBINED PROCESS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE GAS SEPARATION

An apparatus and a combined process for carbon dioxide gas separation, combining the hydrate-based process with the chemical absorption process, which reduces secondary pollution and allows the efficient continuous separation of carbon dioxide gas without increasing the pressure and thereby the operating cost is reduced significantly. The apparatus and combined process can be applied in the separation of carbon dioxide in IGCC synthetic gas, natural gas and biogas, and address the issues of the existing processes such as high energy consumption, low throughput, and secondary pollution. 1. An apparatus for carbon dioxide gas separation , comprising a gas source , a flow distributor , a gas flow meter , a venturi jet unit provided with two liquid inhaling inlets , a tubular hydrate reaction unit , a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation unit , a first slurry pump , a hydrate dissociation unit provided with a first pressure maintaining valve at its top , a second slurry pump , and a solution saturation tank provided with a third safety valve at its top , which are communicated sequentially , further comprising a chemical absorption tower , a second corrosion-resistant pump , a heat exchanger , a regeneration tower , a third corrosion-resistant pump , and a reservoir containing a COchemical absorbent , which are communicated sequentially , wherein ,the reservoir is communicated with an upper portion of the chemical absorption tower through a first corrosion-resistant pump to form a cycle;the flow distributor is communicated with a bottom inlet of the solution saturation tank, and a bottom outlet of the solution saturation tank is communicated with the two liquid inhaling inlets of the venturi jet unit through sequentially a liquid-phase mass flow meter and a ninth stop valve;a second safety valve is disposed at a top of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation unit;the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation unit is communicated with a lower portion of the chemical ...

Device for producing nanocarbon

Using a device for producing nanocarbon, a fluidized bed is formed by supplying a low hydrocarbon and oxygen to a fluid catalyst, and nanocarbon and hydrogen are produced by a decomposition reaction of the low hydrocarbon accompanied by a self-combustion of the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen. The device includes: a fluidized bed reactor for containing the fluid catalyst and for causing the self-combustion thereof while being supplied with the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen; a gas supplying unit connected to the fluidized bed reactor for supplying the low hydrocarbon and the oxygen to the fluidized bed reactor; an exhaust gas path connected to the fluidized bed reactor for exhausting an exhaust gas in the fluidized bed reactor to outside; and a supplying unit connected to the fluidized bed reactor for supplying the fluid catalyst to the fluidized bed reactor.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCT STREAM HAVING AN ADJUSTABLE H2/CO RATIO AND A PURE HYDROGEN STREAM

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a synthesis gas product stream having an adjustable H/CO ratio and a pure hydrogen stream, wherein it is provided according to the invention that a substream of a deacidified synthesis gas stream is supplied to a membrane separation plant fitted with a hydrogen-selective membrane and the remaining substream is supplied to a pressure swing adsorption plant, wherein the latter affords a pure hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream. The hydrogen-enriched permeate stream obtained from the membrane separation is likewise supplied to the pressure swing adsorption plant, thus enhancing the yield of pure hydrogen. The hydrogen-depleted retentate stream obtained from the membrane separation is discharged as a synthesis gas product stream and if of a suitable composition may be utilized as oxo gas. 1. A process for producing a synthesis gas product stream having an adjustable hydrogen-carbon monoxide ratio (H/CO ratio) and a pure hydrogen stream from an input stream containing hydrocarbons , comprising:(a) providing the input stream containing hydrocarbons; (b1) a steam reforming stage, or', '(b2) an autothermal reforming stage (ATR), or', '(b3) a partial oxidation stage (POX), or', '(b4) a combination of at least two of the stages (b1) to (b3);, '(b) supplying the input stream containing hydrocarbons to a synthesis gas production plant comprising{'sub': '2', '(c) at least partial conversion of the input stream containing hydrocarbons in the synthesis gas production plant under synthesis gas production conditions to afford a raw synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO);'}(d) discharging a raw synthesis gas stream from the synthesis gas production plant;(e) introducing at least a first proportion of the raw synthesis gas stream into a CO conversion plant comprising at least one CO conversion stage, converting the proportion of the raw synthesis gas stream introduced into the CO conversion plant under ...

Membrane-Based Gas Separation Processes to Separate Dehydrogenation Reaction Products

Gas separation processes are provided for separating dehydrogenation reaction products from a raw gas stream to recover hydrocarbons, specifically olefins, such as propylene and iso-butene, as well as unreacted feedstock. The processes employ a sequence of partial condensation steps, interspersed with membrane separation steps to raise the hydrocarbon dewpoint of the uncondensed gas, thereby avoiding the use of low-temperature or cryogenic conditions.

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH SOLIDS REMOVAL

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , and at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form: (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas;(f) also after step (b), separating the water within the second mixture based upon immiscibility so that the SVOC and solids collect together to form a third mixture separate from the water; and 'wherein:', '(g) after step (f) agglomerating the solids together to form an agglomerated cake having density greater than that of water;'}(i) the hydrogen chloride concentration in unconditioned syngas ranges from greater ...

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBONYL SULFIDE REMOVAL

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , and having a carbonyl sulfide concentration greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 15 ppm; the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least a portion of the carbonyl sulfide from the syngas; 'wherein:', '(f) after step (e), removing carbon dioxide from the syngas with one or more from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber and an absorber;'}(i) the carbonyl sulfide concentration after step (e) is less than or equal to 30 ppb;(ii) the hydrogen chloride concentration in unconditioned syngas ranges ...

Additive manufacturing of three-dimensional articles

The present invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional article through successively depositing individual layers of powder material that are fused together so as to form the article, the method comprising the step of heating a first portion of a support surface while depositing a layer of powder material on a second portion of the support surface.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FUEL USING RENEWABLE HYDROGEN

A method of providing a fuel includes providing renewable hydrogen, selectively directing at least a portion of the renewable hydrogen to one or more hydroprocessing units in a fuel production facility, and hydrogenating crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in the one or more hydroprocessing units using the renewable hydrogen. The renewable content of a product produced by the one or more hydroprocessing units can be determined by measuring a flow of the hydrogen feedstock, a flow of the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, and/or a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the product. The selective direction of the renewable hydrogen can increase the volume of renewable content in liquid transportation fuels. 1. A method of producing fuel having renewable content , the method comprising:(a) providing renewable hydrogen;(b) selectively directing the renewable hydrogen to one or more hydroprocessing units in a fuel production facility comprising a plurality of hydroprocessing units and hydrogenating crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in the one or more hydroproces sing units to provide one or more transportation fuel products comprising renewable content, wherein each of the one or more hydroprocessing units has a transportation fuel energy yield that is at least 5% higher than a transportation fuel energy yield of the fuel production facility;(c) determining a renewable content of the one or more transportation fuel products, the determining comprising determining an amount of renewable hydrogen selectively directed to the one or more hydroproces sing units and determining an amount of at least one transportation fuel product produced by the one or more hydroprocessing units; and(d) providing a fuel comprising at least one of the transportation fuel products comprising renewable content.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein selectively directing the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock, and the Wobbe Index of said fuel is increased by a step of carbon dioxide removal or methanation. 119-. (canceled)20. A process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock including a stage of converting said natural gas feedstock into a raw product gas and purifying said raw product gas , said process includes providing heat input by combustion of a fuel , wherein said process includes producing a gaseous fuel and combusting said gaseous fuel to provide at least part of said heat input to the stage of converting , said process for producing said gaseous fuel comprising:a) gasifying a solid or liquid carbonaceous feedstock into a first gaseous product; and b1) removing carbon dioxide; or', 'b2) methanation;, 'b) treating said first gaseous product to obtain said gaseous fuel, said treating including at least one of{'sup': '3', 'wherein said gaseous fuel has an upper Wobbe Index of at least 14 MJ/Nm.'}21. The process of claim 20 , wherein said step b1) of removing carbon dioxide includes removing carbon dioxide with a purity of at least 90% molar.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the purity is at least 95%.23. The process of claim 21 , wherein the purity is at least 98%.24. The process of claim 20 , wherein said step b1) of removing carbon dioxide includes removing a fraction of the carbon dioxide content of the processed gas claim 20 , which is not greater than 90% claim 20 , thereby leaving a corresponding residual carbon dioxide in said gaseous fuel.25. The process of ...

POLYGENERATION PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FOR USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

Provided are processes for production of hydrogen to be used in various industrial processes, including in processes for production of ammonia and urea. Included are polygeneration processes that result in ultra-low emissions. 1. A method for the production of hydrogen from synthesis gases of an oxygen supplied partial oxidation process , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous feedstock and oxygen to an oxygen supplied partial oxidation process to produce a synthesis gas, the synthesis gas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;supplying the synthesis gas to a first reactor, the first reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and produce a modified synthesis gas;supplying the modified synthesis gas to a second reactor, the second reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to convert remaining carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas;supplying the carbon dioxide-rich synthesis gas from the second reactor to a first condenser to remove water and produce a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide;supplying the hydrogen and carbon dioxide stream to a pressure swing adsorption process to produce a pure hydrogen stream and pressure swing adsorption tail gas; andextracting exothermic heat for the production of power, heating and cooling of the process, or export of steam.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream and nitrogen gas from an air separation unit to a fourth reactor, the fourth reactor comprising a catalyst and being configured to produce an ammonia product stream.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the pure hydrogen stream to a Fischer Tropsch gas to liquids process.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:supplying the synthesis gas or modified synthesis gas to a soot removal ...

IMPROVED DIMETHYL ETHYLENE GLYCOL COMPOSITION FOR ACID GAS TREATMENT

An improved composition and method for acid gas treatment, comprising an effective amount of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether in combination with other alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols. Utilization of a mixture consisting of 60 to 84 weight percent tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether produces significant benefits in freeze point reduction. A solvent based said mixture of 60 to 84 weight percent tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be used neat or as an aqueous mixture or can be added to the existing recirculating solvent stream to change the concentration of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether to a satisfactory level. 1. A solvent composition for removal of acidic gaseous impurities from natural gas , hydrocarbon gas , or syngas streams , consisting essentially of a mixture of dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycols of the formula CHO(CHO)CHwherein x is 3 to 9 and wherein x equals 4 in an amount from 60 to 84 weight percent and the combination of x equals 3 , x equals 5 , and x equals 6 is 16 to 40 weight percent of the total weight of the mixture of dimethyl ethers.2. A composition of wherein x equals 3 in an amount from 1 to 5 weight percent claim 1 , x equals 5 in an amount from 7 to 18 weight percent claim 1 , and x equals 6 in an amount from 1 to 12 claim 1 , wherein weight percent is based on the total weight of the mixture of dimethyl ethers.3. A composition of wherein x equals 4 for 70 to 82 weight percent of the total dimethyl ethers and for the combination of x equals 3 claim 1 , x equals 5 claim 1 , and x equals 6 is 18 to 30 weight percent of the total weight of the dimethyl ethers.4. A composition of wherein x equal 3 for 2 to 4 weight percent claim 3 , x equals 5 for 8 to 15 weight percent claim 3 , and x equals 6 for 2 to 9 weight percent based on the total weight of the mixture of dimethyl ethers.5. A method for removal of acidic gaseous impurities from a gas stream comprising contacting the stream with a solvent composition consisting ...

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH METAL REMOVAL

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , and having a metal concentration greater than 0 ppm to less than or equal to 30 ppm; the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least one metal from the syngas, said metal being one or more from the group consisting of mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium;(f) after step (e), removing at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas; and 'wherein:', '(g) after step (f), removing carbon dioxide from the syngas with one or more from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber and an absorber;'}(i) the metal ...

METHOD FOR REVAMPING A UREA PRODUCTION COMPLEX

The present invention provides a method for increasing the capacity of a urea production complex, the method comprising a step of adding to an existing urea production complex a COproduction unit, which unit employs a COproduction method comprising: i) subjecting a hydrocarbon feed to short contact time catalytic partial oxidation (SCT-CPO) to produce a first gas mixture comprising H, CO and CO, ii) subjecting said first gas mixture to a water gas shift reaction yielding a second gas mixture, iii) separating COfrom said second gas mixture yielding a purified COstream and a hydrogen containing stream and subsequently iv) reacting said purified COstream with ammonia from the ammonia production unit to produce urea. The invention also provides a urea production complex realized by the application of this method and a urea production method. 1. A method for increasing the capacity of a urea production complex , the method comprising the steps of:(a) providing an existing urea complex, said urea complex comprising a syngas production unit, an ammonia production unit and a urea production unit, which units produce respectively syngas, ammonia and urea,{'sub': 2', '2, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '2, 'i) subjecting a hydrocarbon feed to short contact time catalytic partial oxidation (SCT-CPO) to produce a first gas mixture comprising H, CO and CO,'}, 'ii) subjecting said first gas mixture to a water gas shift reaction yielding a second gas mixture,', {'sub': 2', '2, 'iii) separating COfrom said second gas mixture yielding a purified COstream and a hydrogen containing stream, and'}, {'sub': '2', 'iv) reacting said purified COstream with ammonia from the ammonia production unit to produce urea in the urea production unit.'}], '(b) adding to said existing urea production complex a COproduction unit, employing a COproduction method comprising2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said purified COstream is obtained by an absorption process.3. The method according to claim 1 ...

DIRECT COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON REDUCTION DEVICE WITH HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to COin the conversion process and a portion of that COis captured and sequestrated for long term storage. 1. A method of converting biomass into hydrogen , the steps of the method comprising: adding drying heat to a system configured to reduce moisture of unprocessed biomass to 17% or less by weight;', 'filtering out particulates from the unprocessed biomass which exceed a predetermined diameter threshold using one or more of: a screen, diverter gate, and disc screener;, 'creating processed biomass from unprocessed biomass having a moisture content of 30% to 45% by weight bydepositing processed biomass in storage; a portion of the processed biomass is converted to carbon dioxide that is captured and sequestered in a storage tank; and', 'hydrogen is produced, captured and directed into a transportation fuel use., 'submitting the processed biomass to a gasification process to create a syngas in which2. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein 95% of the processed biomass is between 2 mm and 80 mm in diameter.3. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising moving the unprocessed biomass on a moving conveyor belt during the drying step.4. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the biomass during gasification to hydrogen a reaction step involving FE-CR-based catalysts.5. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising using a plurality of fixed bed reactors processing syngas in two to five stages to gradually lower outlet temperatures of the processed biomass syngas.6. The method of converting biomass ...

HYDROGEN PURIFICATION

A plant and method for hydrogen purification are provided, which comprise a Swing Adsorption (SA) stage and a recycle of purged gaseous impurities. 1. A plant for providing an H-rich gas stream from a hydrocarbon feed , said plant comprising:a reformer section arranged to receive said hydrocarbon feed and reform it in at least one reforming step conducted at a first pressure to provide a synthesis gas stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a COremoval stage, arranged to receive the synthesis gas stream from said reformer section and separate COfrom the synthesis gas stream, so as to provide a CO-rich stream and a CO-poor stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a swing adsorption (SA) stage, said SA stage comprising an adsorption material and a first purge stream with a pressure equal to or higher than the first pressure; and being arranged to receive the CO-poor stream from the COremoval stage;'} [{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': '2', 'at least a portion of the gaseous impurities from said CO-poor stream, and'}, {'sub': 2', '2, 'a portion of the hydrogen from said CO-poor stream are adsorbed onto said adsorption material, thus providing an H-rich stream;'}], 'in said first state, the CO-poor stream is arranged to contact the adsorption material so that;'}, 'in said second state, the first purge stream is arranged to contact the adsorption material so that at least a portion of the adsorbed gaseous impurities and at least a portion of said adsorbed hydrogen are released from said adsorption material and into the first purge stream; thereby providing a first recycle stream comprising said first purge stream, hydrogen and said gaseous impurities;, 'wherein said SA stage comprises a first state and a second state, wherein;'}said plant being arranged to recycle said first recycle stream to the reformer section as feed for the reforming step.2. The plant according to claim 1 , wherein the SA staged is arranged to alternate between said first and second states.3. The plant according to ...

HYDROGEN SUPPLY SYSTEM AND HYDROGEN SUPPLY METHOD

To reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and improve the energy efficiency in a hydrogen supply system. The hydrogen supply system () comprises: a reformer () for performing steam reforming of a hydrocarbon; a shift reaction unit () for producing a gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide by causing a water gas shift reaction of a gas obtained from the reformer; a first absorber () for absorbing the carbon dioxide contained in the gas obtained from the shift reaction unit in an absorption liquid; a hydrogenation reaction unit () for producing a hydrogenated aromatic compound by causing a hydrogenation reaction of an aromatic compound with a gas that has passed through the first absorber; and a regenerator () for separating the carbon dioxide from the absorption liquid by re-circulating the absorption liquid from the first absorber and heating the absorption liquid with heat generated from the hydrogenation reaction. 1. A hydrogen supply system , comprising:a reformer for performing steam reforming of a hydrocarbon;a shift reaction unit for producing a gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide by causing a water gas shift reaction of a gas obtained from the reformer;a first absorber for absorbing the carbon dioxide contained in the gas obtained from the shift reaction unit in an absorption liquid;a hydrogenation reaction unit for producing a hydrogenated aromatic compound by causing a hydrogenation reaction of an aromatic compound with a gas that has passed through the first absorber; anda regenerator for separating the carbon dioxide from the absorption liquid by re-circulating the absorption liquid from the first absorber and heating the absorption liquid with heat generated from the hydrogenation reaction.2. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 1 , further comprisinga heating furnace for supplying heat to the reformer; anda second absorber for absorbing the carbon dioxide generated from the heating furnace in an absorption liquid;wherein the second ...

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Cement Processing

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for cement production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements including increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, and simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

PROCESSES FOR SELECTIVELY REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN SYNGAS

This invention pertains to processes for selectively oxidizing hydrogen cyanide contained in syngas using permanganate anion as an oxidant contained in an aqueous solution that is contacted with the syngas under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and duration of contact. 1. A process for selectively reducing the concentration of hydrogen cyanide with respect to carbon monoxide in a gas feed , said gas feed containing at least about 5 volume percent carbon monoxide and between about 1 and 500 parts per million by volume hydrogen cyanide , comprising: i. said contacting being at a temperature of between about 4° C. and 50° C.,', 'ii. said gas feed being at a pressure less than about 2000 kPa absolute, and', 'iii. wherein the duration of said contacting is at least sufficient to provide a treated gas having a concentration of hydrogen cyanide that is less than about 30 percent of that in the gas feed;, 'a. continuously passing said gas feed into contact with an aqueous solution of between about 50 and 2000 parts per million by mass of permanganate anion under conditions sufficient for permanganate anion to oxidize hydrogen cyanide and generate manganese dioxide,'}b. continuously removing said treated gas from contact with the aqueous solution;c. intermittently or continuously replenishing permanganate anion to said aqueous solution; andd. intermittently or continuously removing manganese dioxide from said aqueous solution.2. The process of wherein the treated gas contains less than about 0.5 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.32. The process of wherein the treated gas contains less than about 0.1 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.4. The process of wherein the gas feed contains between about 1 and 50 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.5. The process of wherein the aqueous solution contains less than about 1000 parts per million by mass of permanganate anion.6. The process of wherein the average duration of contact between ...

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO 2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO 2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing hydrocarbonaceous carbons. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during the synthesis process.

RESIDUAL GAS HEAT EXCHANGE COMBUSTION-SUPPORTING SYSTEM BASED ON METHANOL-WATER MIXTURE REFORMING HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM, AND METHOD THEREOF

The invention discloses residual gas heat exchange combustion-supporting system based on a methanol-water mixture reforming hydrogen production system and a method thereof, wherein the residual gas heat exchange combustion-supporting system comprises a reformer, a heat exchange tube and an air intake device: the reformer is provided with a reforming chamber, a separating device, a combustion chamber and an exhaust vent, the residual gas produced by the reformer is discharged from the exhaust vent to the first delivery passage of the heat exchange, tube; the heat exchange tube has coaxial double-layer first and second delivery passages. The invention enables to fully reclaim the heat from the residual gas discharged by the reformer, so that the outside air is warmed before entering the reformer, which in turn makes the warmed outside air attain a very good combustion-supporting effect. 1. A residual gas heat exchange and combustion-supporting system based on a methanol-water mixture reforming hydrogen production system , characterized by comprising:a reformer, a heat exchange tube and an air intake device:wherein the reformer is provided with a reforming chamber, a separating device, a combustion chamber and an exhaust vent; the reforming chamber is configured to produce a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a reforming reaction for producing hydrogen between methanol and steam; the separating device is configured to separate the produced hydrogen out; the combustion chamber is configured to burn part of the produced hydrogen with the oxygen in the outside air to provide heat for the operation of the reformer; the carbon dioxide separated out by the separating device, the water vapor generated by combustion of the hydrogen and the oxygen in the combustion chamber and the unburned gas in the outside air are mixed into residual gas; the residual gas is discharged from the exhaust vent to the first delivery passage of the heat exchange tube; andwherein the ...

Method and apparatus for separating a synthesis gas by cryogenic distillation

In a process for separating a mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the mixture cooled in a heat exchanger is contacted by a stream of liquid methanol at a temperature below −40° C. to produce carbon dioxide enriched methanol and a carbon dioxide depleted gas relative to the cooled mixture, the carbon dioxide depleted gas is cooled in the heat exchanger and is sent to a separation unit to produce a carbon monoxide enriched stream and a hydrogen enriched stream and the streams enriched in carbon monoxide and hydrogen are heated in the heat exchanger by exchanging heat with the mixture.

METHOD FOR PROCESSING A GAS STREAM BY ABSORPTION

A process for purifying a synthesis gas containing at least 50% of a mixture of CO and of Hand from 10% to 50% of acidic gases is described herein. In an embodiment the process for purifying a gas comprises at least 50% by volume of a mixture of CO and of Hand from 10% to 50% by volume of an acidic gas chosen from CO, HS and a mixture of COand of HS, comprising a step (a) consisting in contacting the gas with a washing solvent so as to absorb acidic gas in the washing solvent, and a step (b) consisting in recovering, on the one hand, a purified gas stream, and, on the other hand, the spent washing solvent, the washing solvent comprising at least one compound of formula CH—(OCH)n-O—CH, n being between 1 and 20. 1. Process for purifying a gas comprising at least 50% by volume of a mixture of CO and of Hand from 10% to 50% by volume of an acidic gas chosen from CO , HS and a mixture of COand of HS , comprising(a) contacting the gas with a washing solvent so as to absorb acidic gas in the washing solvent, and{'sub': 3', '2', '3, '(b) recovering, on the one hand, a purified gas stream, and, on the other hand, the spent washing solvent, the washing solvent comprising at least one compound of formula CH—(OCH)n-O—CH, n being between 1 and 20.'}2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that n is between 2 and 10.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the washing solvent also comprises a solvent from the amine family claim 1 , preferably from the alkanolamine family claim 1 , preferably chosen from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA) claim 1 , 2-aminoethoxyethanol also known as diglycolamine (DGA) claim 1 , diisopropanolamine (DIPA) claim 1 , diethanolamine (DEA) claim 1 , methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) claim 1 , triethanolamine (TEA) and sterically hindered amines claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas to be treated comprises from 10% to 50% by volume claim 1 , preferably from 15% to 50% claim 1 , more preferably ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN FROM A FEED MIXTURE WHICH CONTAINS HYDROGEN AND HYDROCARBONS

A method () is proposed for obtaining hydrogen from a gaseous feed mixture rich in hydrogen, methane and hydrocarbons having two carbon atoms, wherein fluid of the feed mixture is cooled from a first temperature level to a second temperature level at a first pressure level such that one or more condensates are precipitated out of the fluid of the feed mixture, leaving a residual gas, fluid of the residual gas is further cooled to a third temperature level and subjected to a counterflow absorption at the first pressure level, thereby obtaining a top gas rich in hydrogen and methane and a sump liquid, fluid of the top gas is heated and subjected to pressure swing adsorption () at the first pressure level, to form a product stream which is rich in hydrogen and depleted in or free from methane, and fluid of the condensate or condensates and/or of the sump liquid is expanded from the first pressure level to a second pressure level and is fed into a low pressure demethanizer at the second pressure level. It is provided that the counterflow absorption is carried out using fluid which is taken from the low pressure demethanizer at the second pressure level, compressed in gaseous form to the first pressure level and cooled to the third temperature level. The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus. 2100200. Method ( claim 1 , ) according to claim 1 , wherein the feed mixture contains 55 to 90 claim 1 , particularly 60 to 90 claim 1 , mol % of methane.3100200. Method ( claim 2 , ) according to claim 2 , wherein the fluid taken from the low pressure demethanizer and used in the counterflow absorption predominantly or exclusively contains methane and is used as liquid reflux in the counterflow absorption.4100200. Method ( claim 1 , ) according to claim 1 , wherein the feed mixture contains 30 to 55 claim 1 , particularly 30 to 40 claim 1 , mol % of methane.5100200. Method ( claim 5 , ) according to claim 5 , wherein the fluid taken from the low pressure demethanizer ...

HYDROGEN CARBON CLEANING METHOD FOR VEHICLE

A hydrogen carbon cleaning method for a vehicle is provided, which includes the following steps. First, a reformer is provided. Then, high purity hydrogen is provided by the reformer. Next, a hydrogen carbon cleaning process is performed on a vehicle with the high purity hydrogen. 1. A hydrogen carbon cleaning method for a vehicle , comprising:providing a reformer;providing a high purity hydrogen by the reformer; andperforming a hydrogen carbon cleaning process toward a vehicle with the high purity hydrogen.2. The hydrogen carbon cleaning method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:communicating the high purity hydrogen to an inlet of an engine of the vehicle;starting the engine of the vehicle; andselecting a hydrogen supply quantity according to an engine displacement to perform the hydrogen carbon cleaning process.3. The hydrogen carbon cleaning method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:stopping the hydrogen carbon cleaning process after a scheduled time.4. The hydrogen carbon cleaning method as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising:utilizing a tail-exhaust motoring system to monitor an exhaust exhausted from the vehicle during the hydrogen carbon cleaning process, wherein the hydrogen carbon cleaning process is stopped when the tail-exhaust motoring system determines that a desired carbon cleaning effect has been achieved.5. The hydrogen carbon cleaning method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reformer is a methanol type reformer.6. The hydrogen carbon cleaning method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reformer comprises:a palladium membrane purifying module, comprising a palladium alloy membrane tube;a coil, spirally surrounding the palladium alloy membrane tube;a combustion catalyst, injected to the coil;a metal tube, wherein the palladium alloy membrane tube, the coil and the combustion catalyst are disposed in the metal tube, a hydrogen flow is generated from the palladium alloy membrane tube, and the hydrogen flow exhausts from an end of ...

PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS WITH FAVOURABLE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. A solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process. A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation. 130-. (canceled)31. A process for producing a transportation or heating fuel comprising the steps of:(i) treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release extractives comprising acetic acid, acetate or a combination thereof from the feedstock;(ii) conducting a solids-liquid separation on a process stream comprising the extractives and solids, thereby producing an aqueous stream comprising the extractives and a solids stream comprising insoluble components;(iii) feeding at least a portion of the aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives to an anaerobic digester to produce a crude biogas that comprises carbon dioxide;(iv) removing at least 80 wt % of the carbon dioxide present in the crude biogas to produce a purified biogas;(v) carrying out or causing one or more parties to carry out a process comprising subjecting solids from at least one stream selected from the solids stream comprising the insoluble components and a stream derived therefrom to ...

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING STEAM METHANE REFORMER

An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture includes a steam methane reformer and a COpump that comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream including oxygen and carbon dioxide and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream that includes greater than 95% hydrogen. 1. An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture comprising:a steam methane reformer; and{'sub': '2', 'a COpump comprising an anode and a cathode;'}wherein the cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream;wherein the first exhaust stream comprises oxygen and carbon dioxide; andwherein the second exhaust stream comprises greater than 95% hydrogen.2. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump comprises a reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system.3. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system comprises a molten carbonate fuel cell running in reverse.4. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reformed gas comprises a natural gas claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , carbon monoxide and water.5. (canceled)6. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump is configured to convert the residual methane from the steam methane reformer to hydrogen and to convert the carbon monoxide to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.7. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the first exhaust stream comprises greater than about 95% of the feed carbon dioxide.8. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is configured to output a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a ratio of between approximately 1:1 and 4:1.9. (canceled)10. The integrated system of claim 8 , wherein the system further includes a mechanism for transporting the carbon dioxide and oxygen back to the reformer.11. ...

NOVEL METHOD FOR AVOIDING EXPENSIVE SOUR WATER STRIPPER METALLURGY IN A GASIFICATION PLANT

A method of producing syngas comprising receiving raw syngas from a gasification unit; introducing the raw syngas and water to a syngas scrubber to produce unshifted syngas; introducing a first portion of unshifted syngas to a first cooling unit to produce cooled unshifted syngas and a first aqueous condensate comprising cyanide in an amount of 5-200 ppmw; recycling the first aqueous condensate to the syngas scrubber; introducing a second portion of unshifted syngas to a water gas shift unit to produce shifted syngas; introducing the shifted syngas to a second cooling unit to produce cooled shifted syngas and a second aqueous condensate comprising cyanide in an amount of less than 2.5 ppmw; contacting the cooled shifted syngas with the cooled unshifted syngas to produce modified syngas; and introducing the second aqueous condensate to a sour water stripper to produce stripped water and an acid gas comprising HS, CO, and ammonia. 1. A method of producing synthesis gas (syngas) comprising:(a) receiving raw syngas from a gasification unit, wherein the raw syngas comprises cyanide;(b) introducing at least a portion of the raw syngas and water to a syngas scrubber to produce unshifted syngas;(c) introducing a first portion of the unshifted syngas to a first cooling unit to produce a cooled unshifted syngas and a first aqueous condensate, wherein the first aqueous condensate comprises cyanide in an amount of from about 5 parts per million by weight (ppmw) to about 200 ppmw;(d) recycling at least a portion of the first aqueous condensate to the syngas scrubber;(e) introducing a second portion of the unshifted syngas to a water gas shift unit to produce a shifted syngas, wherein a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the shifted syngas is greater than a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the unshifted syngas;(f) introducing at least a portion of the shifted syngas to a second cooling unit to produce a cooled shifted syngas and a second aqueous condensate ...