СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Изобретение относится к способу получения продукта синтеза Фишера-Тропша из газообразной смеси углеводородов, содержащей метан, этан и, необязательно, углеводороды с более высоким числом атомов углерода, в которой содержание метана составляет по меньшей мере 60 об.%, путем осуществления следующих стадий: (а) адиабатический предварительный риформинг углеводородной смеси в присутствии катализатора риформинга, содержащего оксидный материал носителя и металл, который выбирают из группы, состоящей из Pt, Ni, Ru, Ir, Pd и Со, с целью превращения этана и необязательных углеводородов с более высоким числом атомов углерода в метан, диоксид углерода и водород, (b) нагревание газообразной смеси, полученной на стадии (а), до температуры выше, чем 650°С, (с) осуществление некаталитического неполного окисления путем введения в контакт нагретой смеси со стадии (b) с источником кислорода в реакторной горелке, с образованием выходящего из реактора потока, имеющего температуру между 1100 и 1500°С, (d) осуществление ...

ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЕ ВОДЯНОГО ПАРА В ПРОЦЕССАХ РЕФОРМИНГА С ВОДЯНЫМ ПАРОМ

Изобретение относится к способу генерирования водяного пара по меньшей мере двух типов, обладающих разной чистотой, в процессах реформинга с водяным паром и к устройству для осуществления этого способа. По меньшей мере две установки для реформинга с водяным паром работают параллельно, причем водяной пар первого типа обладает более высокой чистотой, чем водяной пар второго типа. Установки для реформинга с водяным паром, работающие параллельно, объединяют с образованием групп из по меньшей мере двух установок для реформинга с водяным паром. Внутри этих групп все генерируемое количество чистого водяного пара генерируют в одной из установок исключительно испарением дегазированной и деминерализованной воды, а все генерируемое количество грязного водяного пара генерируют в другой установке испарением дегазированной, содержащей примеси воды. Причем эту грязную воду по меньшей мере частично получают из конденсата, получаемого внутри группы и состоящего преимущественно из воды. Изобретение позволяет ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ИЗ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

Изобретение используется в способе синтеза углеводородов Си выше из природного газа через промежуточное превращение природного газа в синтез-газ и последующую конверсию СО и Нпо реакции Фишера-Тропша. Способ включает последовательное проведение парового риформинга природного газа в реакторе под давлением смеси природного газа с паром в пределах 22-35 бар с получением синтез-газа, извлечение диоксида углерода из синтез-газа до остаточного содержания диоксида углерода в синтез-газе не более 5% об. методом жидкостной абсорбции. Далее из синтез-газа извлекают излишки водорода на установке с водородпроницаемыми мембранами до получения соотношения H:CO в интервале 1,9-2,3 и осуществляют синтез жидких углеводородов из синтез-газа методом Фишера-Тропша. Технический результат: получение синтез-газа оптимального состава без применения извлечения СОиз дымовых газов и уменьшение содержания СОв синтез-газе. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЦЕТИЛЕНА И СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к способу получения ацетилена и синтез-газа. Способ осуществляется путем частичного окисления углеводородов при помощи кислорода, причем первый исходный поток, содержащий один или несколько углеводородов, и второй исходный поток, содержащий кислород, отдельно друг от друга нагревают, смешивают в соотношении массовых потоков из второго исходного потока и первого исходного потока, соответствующем кислородному числу, меньше или равному 0,31, причем под кислородным числом понимают соотношение из фактически присутствующего во втором исходном потоке количества кислорода и стехиометрически необходимого количества кислорода, которое требуется для полного сгорания одного или нескольких углеводородов, содержащихся в первом исходном потоке, подают в камеру сгорания, где происходит частичное окисление этих углеводородов с получением первого потока крекинг-газа, при этом первый поток крекинг-газа в предварительном гашении в результате впрыскивания водной среды для гашения охлаждают ...

СПОСОБ ДЕСУЛЬФУРИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ И СПОСОБ РИФОРМИНГА УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Группа изобретений относится к десульфуризации углеводородов. Способ включает стадии: (i) пропускание смеси углеводорода и водорода через катализатор десульфуризации с превращением сероорганических соединений, присутствующих в указанном углеводороде, в сульфид водорода, (ii) пропускание полученной смеси через сорбент сульфида водорода, содержащий оксид цинка, со снижением содержания сульфида водорода в смеси, и (iii) пропускание газовой смеси, обедненной сульфидом водорода, через дополнительный десульфуризующий материал. Дополнительный десульфуризующий материал содержит формованную смесь одного или более соединений никеля в виде частиц, материал носителя, содержащий оксид цинка в виде частиц, и, необязательно, одно или более соединений промотирующих металлов в виде частиц, выбранных из железа, кобальта, меди и благородных металлов. Причем указанный десульфуризующий материал содержит 0,3-20 мас.% никеля и 0-10 мас.% промотирующего металла. Предложен также способ риформинга углеводородного ...

СПОСОБ, УСТАНОВКА И КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА В ВЫСОКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ МИКРОКАНАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

Изобретение относится к способу превращения природного газа в высокомолекулярные углеводороды. Способ включает паровой риформинг для получения синтез газа, который затем превращают по реакции Фишера-Тропша в высокомолекулярные углеводороды. Риформинг и реакции Фишера-Тропша проводят в микроканальных реакторах. Высокомолекулярные углеводороды затем обрабатывают и получают углеводородные продукты, такие как среднедистиллятное топливо, смазочные масла. В изобретении также описана композиция, содержащая смесь олефинов и алканов. Технический результат - высокая степень утилизации углерода. 2 н. и 21 з.п. ф-лы, 41 ил., 1 табл., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ ПАРОВОГО РИФОРМИНГА

Изобретение касается способа эксплуатации установки (100) для парового риформинга. Способ осуществляют с помощью по меньшей мере одного реактора (2) для парового риформинга, где богатый углеводородом наполнитель (b) превращают с помощью водяного пара (с) в синтез-газ (k) с по меньшей мере одним подготовительным устройством (4-7), с помощью которого из синтез-газа (k) посредством отделения диоксида углерода (m, n) и монооксида углерода (t) получают богатую водородом фракцию (u), и с по меньшей мере одной адсорбционной установкой (9) с изменяющимся давлением, с помощью которой из богатой водородом фракции отделяют остаточный газ (h), причем используют по меньшей мере один рециркулирующий конденсатор (10), с помощью которого в первом режиме эксплуатации отделенный из синтез-газа (k) диоксид углерода (n, o) по меньшей мере частично примешивают к богатому углеводородом наполнителю (b). При этом во втором режиме эксплуатации рециркулирующий конденсатор (10) используют не для конденсации отделенного ...

ОБЪЕДИНЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРЯМОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА

Изобретение относится к области металлургии, в частности к получению железа. Система для получения железа прямым восстановлением объединена с турбинным генератором энергии и предпочтительно криогенной установкой разделения воздуха, в которой отходящий газ от прямого восстановления приводит в действие турбину, а кислород из установки разделения воздуха используют для выработки синтез-газа для прямого восстановления. Азот из установки разделения воздуха уменьшает образование NOx и повышает выработку энергии в турбине. Техническим результатом изобретения является то, что его можно эффективно эксплуатировать в любом географическом месте независимо от наличия там внешних источников электроэнергии. 2 с. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

ОБРАБОТКА ОБОГАЩЕННОЙ ДИОКСИДОМ УГЛЕРОДА ФРАКЦИИ С УСТАНОВКИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И МОНОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА

Изобретение относится к способу обработки обогащенной диоксидом углерода газовой смеси, которая образуется при получении синтез-газа. Способ включает проведение сырья, содержащего углеводород, через трубы, находящиеся в огневом пространстве отапливаемого горелками реактора парового риформинга, при этом сырье превращается в неочищенный синтез-газ, содержащий водород, моноксид углерода, диоксид углерода, а также углеводороды, отделение из неочищенного синтез-газа газовой смеси, обогащенной диоксидом углерода, содержащей окисляющиеся вещества, термообработку части газовой смеси, обогащенной диоксидом углерода, содержащей окисляющиеся вещества, в кислородсодержащей атмосфере и сжигание окисляющихся веществ. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную обработку обогащенной диоксидом углерода газовой смеси. 9 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ПУТЕМ ЧАСТИЧНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ МЕТАНОЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к области химии. В реакторе частичного окисления проводят реакцию метанольного сырьевого потока и кислорода и, необязательно, регулятора температуры для получения потока синтез-газа. Реактор частичного окисления включает горелку в открытом некаталитическом газогенераторе со свободным потоком и работает в интервале температур 1100-2000°С. Поток синтез-газа разделяют на поток с повышенным содержанием диоксида углерода и смешанный поток, содержащий водород/оксид углерода, который затем разделяют на поток с повышенным содержанием водорода и поток с повышенным содержанием оксида углерода. Переоснащение исходной установки производства метанола в установку синтеза уксусной кислоты включает стадии: обеспечения исходной установки производства метанола, имеющей по меньшей мере один реактор частичного окисления для превращения углеводорода в поток синтез-газа и контур синтеза метанола для превращения водорода и оксида углерода из потока синтез-газа в метанол, обеспечения подачи ...

ГИДРОПИРОЛИЗ БИОМАССЫ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ЖИДКИХ ТОПЛИВ

Изобретение относится к вариантам способа получения жидких продуктов из биомассы. При этом способ включает ступени: a) гидропиролиза биомассы в реакторной емкости гидропиролиза, содержащей молекулярный водород и катализатор деоксигенирования, для получения продукта на выходе реактора гидропиролиза, содержащего CO, CO и C-Cгаз, частично деоксигенированный продукт гидропиролиза и древесный уголь, b) удаления упомянутого древесного угля из упомянутого частично деоксигенированного продукта гидропиролиза, c) гидроконверсии упомянутого частично деоксигенированного продукта гидропиролиза в реакторной емкости гидроконверсии при использовании катализатора гидроконверсии в присутствии CO, CO и C-Cгаза, генерированных на ступени a), для получения по существу полностью деоксигенированной углеводородной жидкости и газовой смеси, содержащей CO, COи легкие углеводородные газы (C-C), d) парового риформинга, по меньшей мере, части упомянутой газовой смеси для получения молекулярного водорода риформинга ...

СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ЧАСТИЧНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА, СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА МЕТАНОЛА, СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Способ каталитического частичного окисления природного газа с целью получения синтез-газа и формальдегида, объединенный с процессами гидрирования образующегося CO, такими как синтезы Фишера-Тропша и метанола. Такое окисление осуществляют с помощью катализатора, образованного одним или более соединением металлов платиновой группы, который имеет форму проволочных сеток или нанесен на носитель, изготовленный из неорганических соединений, таким образом, что содержание металла или металлов платиновой группы в весовых процентах лежит в диапазоне 0.1 - 20% от общего веса катализатора и носителя, путем проведения процесса при температурах в диапазоне 300 - 950oC, при давлениях в диапазоне 0,05 -5 МПа, при объемных скоростях в диапазоне 20000 -150000 ч-1. 3 с. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 8 табл.

Способ получения германиевого концентрата из ископаемых углей

Изобретение относится к способу переработки германийсодержащего сырья, в качестве которого используют германийсодержащий уголь или лигнит. Способ получения германиевого концентрата из ископаемых углей включает термообработку угля при подаче воздуха снизу и получении зольного уноса, содержащего синтез-газ и шлак, при этом термообработку угля проводят в аппарате циркулирующего кипящего слоя при температуре 800-900°С, скорость движения зоны горения поддерживают путем регулирования расхода воздуха при коэффициенте избытка воздуха α=0,2-0,3, a синтез-газ и мелкие частицы шлака на выходе направляют в тканевый фильтр для разделения на германиевый концентрат и синтез-газ. Изобретение обеспечивает большее извлечение германия в концентрат и большую калорийность синтез-газа (горючего газа) при упрощении процесса. 2 ил., 2 пр.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИОНОПРОВОДЯЩИХ МЕМБРАН

Изобретение предназначено для получения синтез-газа с помощью ионопроводящих мембран. Изобретение описывает способ получения синтез-газа (варианты) из метансодержащего газа-реагента в реакторе со смешанно-проводящей мембраной. Режим работы реактора устанавливают таким, чтобы температура на выходе газообразного продукта была выше температуры исходного газа-реагента, при этом полное давление газа в зоне окислителя мембраны ниже, чем полное давление газа в зоне реагента мембраны. Предпочтительно, чтобы температура исходного газа-реагента по первому варианту была ниже максимальной пороговой температуры, составляющей примерно 1400°F (760°С ), а как правило, между 950°F (510°С ) и 1400°F (760°С ). Максимальная температура в зоне реагента мембранного реактора выше 1500°F (815°С ). По второму варианту нагрев кислородсодержащего газа-окислителя, метансодержащего газа-реагента осуществляют за счет косвенного теплообмена с обедненным по кислороду газом-окислителем из реакционной зоны. По третьему ...

СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОТРАБОТАННЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ улучшения синтеза Фишера-Тропша и рециркулирования отработанных газов посредством этого синтеза, способ содержит:1) преобразование сырого газа для синтеза Фишера-Тропша с использованием реакции конверсии водяного газа, транспортировку преобразованного сырого газа на установку синтеза Фишера-Тропша для синтеза Фишера-Тропша в присутствии катализатора на основе Fe или на основе Co, регулирование температуры реакции синтеза Фишера-Тропша на уровне между 150 и 300˚С и давления реакции между 2 и 4 МПа (A), с целью производства жидкого углеводородного продукта и воды, которую отводят с установки синтеза Фишера-Тропша;2) подачу отработанных газов с установки синтеза Фишера-Тропша на первый короткоцикловой адсорбер для извлечения водорода, и регулирование чистоты водорода на уровне 80-99 об.%;3) подачу отработанных газов со стадии 2) на второй короткоцикловой адсорбер для извлечения метана, и регулирование чистоты метана на уровне 80-95 об.%;4) возвращение части водорода, полученного ...

СПОСОБ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ГАЗА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ВОДОРОД И МОНООКСИД УГЛЕРОДА, И ТЕПЛООБМЕННИК ДЛЯ ПОНИЖЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ГОРЯЧЕГО ГАЗА

... 1. Способ уменьшения температуры газа, содержащего водород и монооксид углерода, характеризующийся тем, что вводят газ в контакт с образуемой металлическим сплавом поверхностью, имеющей более низкую температуру по сравнению с температурой газа, причем на образуемой металлическим сплавом поверхности содержится от 0 до 20% (мас.) железа, от 0 до 5% (мас.) алюминия, от 0 до 5% (мас.) кремния, от 20 до 50% (мас.) хрома и, по меньшей мере, 35% (мас.) никеля, при этом образуемую металлическим сплавом поверхность выдерживают при своей более низкой температуре по сравнению с температурой газа в результате использования охлаждающей воды. 2. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что на образуемой металлическим сплавом поверхности содержится от 1 до 5% (мас.) кремния. 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, характеризующийся тем, что содержание хрома превышает 30% (мас.). 4. Способ по любому из пп.1 и 2, характеризующийся тем, что на образуемой металлическим сплавом поверхности содержится от 1 до 5% (мас.) алюминия ...

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ УСТАНОВКИ ПО ВЫПУСКУ МЕТАНОЛА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

... 1. Способ модернизации установки по получению метанола, включающий следующие стадии: устанавливают сепаратор диоксида углерода, монооксида углерода и водорода в соединение с исходной установкой по выпуску метанола, включающей (1) по крайней мере одну установку реформинга для превращения углеводорода в поток синтез-газа, содержащий диоксид углерода, монооксид углерода и водород, и (2) контур синтеза метанола для превращения водорода и монооксида углерода из потока синтез-газа в метанол; устанавливают линию для отвода по крайней мере части потока синтез-газа в сепаратор для разделения всего или части потока синтез-газа на соответствующие потоки с повышенным содержанием диоксида углерода, монооксида углерода и водорода; переналаживают исходную установку по выпуску метанола для подачи по крайней мере части потока с повышенным содержанием диоксида углерода в установку реформинга, в контур синтеза метанола или их сочетание; переналаживают контур синтеза мтанола для работы с уменьшенной производительностью ...

СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ОСТАТОЧНОГО ГАЗА СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА ИЗ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к вариантам системы переработки остаточного газа синтеза Фишера-Тропша. Один из вариантов включает: реактор синтеза Фишера-Тропша, обеспечивающий наличие источника остаточного газа; первый подогреватель для предварительного нагрева остаточного газа; аппарат гидрирования для гидрирования предварительно нагретого остаточного газа; дросселирующее устройство для понижения давления предварительно нагретого и прогидрированного остаточного газа; второй подогреватель для предварительного нагрева предварительно нагретого, прогидрированного и дросселированного остаточного газа с получением исходного газа, состоящего из остаточного газа и пара; и реактор каталитического риформинга для осуществления риформинга исходного газа в присутствии катализатора. Причем первый подогреватель предварительно нагревает остаточный газ до температуры в интервале приблизительно от 200 до 300°C, дросселирующее устройство понижает давление предварительно нагретого и прогидрированного остаточного ...

СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АРОМАТИЧЕСКОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

УСТРОЙСТВО ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ВОДОРОДА, СИСТЕМА ТОПЛИВНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩАЯ ТАКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО, И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УСТРОЙСТВА ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ВОДОРОДА

... 1. Устройство генерации водорода, включающее:первый десульфуратор, предназначенный для удаления серного компонента из сырьевого газа при нормальной температуре;второй десульфуратор, предназначенный для удаления серного компонента из сырьевого газа путем гидрирования серного компонента;риформер, предназначенный для генерации водородосодержащего реформированного газа из сырьевого газа, из которого удален серный компонент при помощи, по меньшей мере, одного из первого десульфуратора и второго десульфуратора; иканал рециркуляции, через который часть реформированного газа, сгенерированного в риформере, смешивается с сырьевым газом, подаваемым во второй десульфуратор, в которомустройство генерации водорода выполнено со следующей возможностью:после установки или эксплуатации устройства генерации водорода сырьевой газ подается в риформер через первый десульфуратор до тех пор, пока катализатор во втором десульфураторе не активируется при помощи смешанного газа из реформированного газа, подаваемого ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА, ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ И ГИДРООЧИЩЕННОГО ПРОДУКТА ИЗ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ

... 1. Способ получения водорода, электроэнергии и, по меньшей мере, одного гидроочищенного продукта из углеводородного сырья, содержащего, по меньшей мере, фракцию, которая имеет те же пределы выкипания или выше, чем интервал температур кипения гидроочищенного продукта, который будет производиться, отличающийся тем, что производят обработку углеводородного сырья водородом в присутствии нанесенного катализатора, причем водород, по меньшей мере, частично получают из фракции гидроочищенного сырья, имеющего интервал температур кипения, отличающийся от интервала температур кипения фракции углеводородного сырья, из которого будет получен гидроочищенный продукт, или, по меньшей мере, из части продукта гидроочистки, отделение гидроочищенного продукта от гидроочищенного сырья, когда гидроочищенный продукт следует выделить, и подвергают обработке часть или все оставшееся гидроочищенное сырье и гидроочищенный продукт, если он не будет выделяться, для получения водорода, и подвергают часть или весь водород ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАНА ИЗ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ получения метана из биомассы, включающий следующие стадии:а) гидропиролиз биомассы в реакторном сосуде гидропиролиза, содержащем молекулярный водород и катализатор дезоксигенирования, при температуре гидропиролиза выше приблизительно 1000°F (538°C) и при давлении гидропиролиза в интервале от приблизительно 100 до приблизительно 600 фунт/кв.дюйм (690-4140 кПа) с получением одиночного выпускного потока продукта гидропиролиза, содержащего уголь и газ;b) отделение указанного угля от указанного продукта гидропиролиза с получением продукта гидропиролиза со сниженным содержанием угля;с) гидроконверсия указанного продукта гидропиролиза со сниженным содержанием угля в реакторном сосуде гидроконверсии с использованием катализатора гидроконверсии при температуре гидроконверсии выше приблизительно 800°F (427°C) и при давлении гидроконверсии в интервале от приблизительно 100 до приблизительно 600 фунт/кв.дюйм (690-4140 кПа) с получением продукта гидроконверсии;d) охлаждение и введение указанного ...

ГИДРОПИРОЛИЗ СЫРЬЕВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ БИОМАССУ

СПОСОБ, УСТАНОВКА И КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА В ВЫСОКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ МИКРОКАНАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

... 1. Способ превращения природного газа в высокомолекулярные углеводороды посредством микроканальной технологии, включающий подачу питающего потока парового риформинга метана (ПРМ), содержащего метан и пар, в микроканальный реактор парового риформинга метана, снабженный группой рабочих микроканалов ПРМ, содержащих метан, пар и, по меньшей мере, один катализатор ПРМ, находящийся в контакте с метаном и паром, и группой каналов горения, содержащих, по меньшей мере, один катализатор горения, в котором питающий поток ПРМ подвергают контакту с, по меньшей мере, одним катализатором парового риформинга метана с получением первого промежуточного продукта, содержащего СО и H2, затем часть водорода отделяют от первого промежуточного продукта с получением второго промежуточного продукта, содержащего СО и H2, отделенный водород смешивают с кислородом или с источником кислорода с получением смеси реакции горения, которую подвергают контакту с, по меньшей мере, одним катализатором горения с получением реакции ...

Behandlung von Synthesegas

Reactor for hydrocarbon reforming and process for hydrocarbon reforming

The hydrocarbon-reforming reactor for the steam-reforming reaction and partial oxidation reaction has a chamber for feeding oxygen-containing gas, a chamber for feeding a gas of hydrocarbon and steam and a chamber for heat exchange of the reformed gas, starting from one side of the reforming reactor in this order, and also a catalyst layer which is charged into the interspace between an inner pipe, which has an opening to the chamber for feeding the oxygen-containing gas, and a reaction pipe which is arranged such that the inner pipe is arranged in its middle section, and leads via its opening into the chamber for feeding the mixed gas; a process for generating a reformed gas from hydrocarbon comprises carrying out a steam-reforming reaction in the catalyst layer on the side of the chamber for feeding the gas mixture of hydrocarbon and steam by feeding the gas mixture of hydrocarbon and steam to the catalyst layer from the chamber for feeding the gas mixture, performing a partial oxidation ...

Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Stickstoff aus einem Prozessgasgemisch

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Stickstoff sowie gegebenenfalls weiterer Gaskomponenten mit höherem Molekulargewicht aus einem im Wesentlichen Stickstoff und Wasserstoff enthaltenden Prozessgasgemisch für die Ammoniaksynthese, wobei erfindungsgemäß die Abtrennung von Stickstoff sowie gegebenenfalls weiterer Gaskomponenten mit höherem Molekulargewicht mittels wenigstens eines Fliehkraftabscheiders (23) erfolgt. Während die bisher eingesetzten großtechnischen Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Stickstoff aus Luft zur Erzeugung von reinem Sauerstoff oder aus Synthesegas zur Einstellung eines geeigneten Wasserstoff-Stickstoff-Verhältnisses für die Ammoniaksynthese vorwiegend auf dem Prinzip der Tieftemperaturdestillation beruhen, basiert das mit der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgeschlagene Konzept darauf, die deutlich unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichte der Komponenten des Synthesegases in Ammoniakanlagen zu nutzen, um sie in einem Fliehkraftfeld zu separieren. Da ...

CHEMISCHER REAKTOR UND VERFAHREN ZUR KATALYTISCHEN GASPHASENREAKTIONEN

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Synthesegase

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur parallelen Erzeugung von wenigstens zwei Synthesegasen (10, 11) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung aus einem kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Ausgangsstoff (1), der nach Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) einem Dampfreformer (R) zugeführt und dort in zumindest zweit parallel betriebenen Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) durch Dampfreformierung zu Synthesegas umgesetzt wird. Für die Erfindung ist kennzeichnend, dass aus dem Kohlenwasserstoffe enthaltenden Ausgangsstoff (1) durch Teilung und der Zumischung von Wasserdampf (2) und/oder Kohlendioxid (3) wenigstens zwei Stoffgemische (6, 9) unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung gebildet werden, wobei jedes der unterschiedlichen Stoffgemische (6, 9) einem Katalysatorrohr oder einer Gruppe von Katalysatorrohren (K1, K2, K3) des Dampfreformers (R) als ausschließlicher Einsatz zugeführt und zu Synthesegas (10, 11) umgesetzt wird.

Synthesegasproduktion mit Ionentransportmembranen

Kohlenwasserstoff-Reformer

Verfahren zur Reformierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, ausgewählt aus Mineralöl, Dieselöl, Benzin, Bio-Diesel und Pflanzenöle, in überkritischem Wasser mit den Schritten a) Kompression von Wasser auf einen Druck p1 und Einspeisung in eine Aufheizzone; b) Aufheizen des komprimierten Wassers in einem Kapillarrohrreaktor auf eine Temperatur T1, wobei das Wasser bei dem Druck p1 und der Temperatur T1 im überkritischen Zustand vorliegt; c) Kompression der Kohlenwasserstoffe auf den Druck p1 und Einspeisung in das überkritische Wasser, wobei ein überkritisches Wasser/Kohlenwasserstoff-Gemisch erhalten wird; d) Reagierenlassen des überkritischen Wasser/Kohlenwasserstoff-Gemischs in einem Kapillarrohrreaktor unter überkritischen Bedingungen, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoffe zumindest teilweise mit Wasser zu Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff reagieren; e) Abkühlen des in Schritt d) erhaltenen Produktgemischs auf eine Temperatur T2 und Entspannen auf einen Druck p2, wobei das Produktgasgemisch ...

Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Kohlenmonoxid und Methanol

Raw synthesis gas

Gas-to-liquid technology

A PROCESS TO PRODUCE AND UTILIZE A SYNTHESIS GAS OF A CONTROLLED CARBON MONOXIDE HYDROGEN RATIO

REACTOR FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBON AND PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBON

Process for conversion of LPG and CH4 to syngas and higher valued products

Process and apparatus for steam-methane reforming

Removing carbon dioxide from syngas

A method for processing pre-combustion syngas comprises providing an absorber unit having a membrane contactor comprising a plurality of pores, channelling a gas along a first surface of the membrane contactor; channelling a solvent along a second opposing surface of the membrane contactor; and contacting the solvent with the syngas at gas-liquid interface areas, defined by the plurality of pores in the membrane contactor to separate at least carbon dioxide (CO2) from the gas by a chemical absorption of CO2 into the solvent to produce a solvent containing at least CO2. Also disclosed is a pre-combustion syngas (96) processing apparatus comprising an absorber unit (82) including a housing (91), a membrane contactor (90) positioned in the housing, a solvent area within the housing, the solvent area containing a solvent (100), and a syngas area within the housing.

Catalytic reactor and process

Process for production of hydrogen

... In the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons by the steps of reforming with steam and shift conversion, an improvement is effected by maintaining a steam-to-carbon ratio of 3 to 7 and a pressure of 300 to 700 p.s.i.a. in the reformer, converting 50 to 85% of the hydrocarbons to hydrogen in the reforming step, removing carbon oxides and steam from the process stream and cryogenically separating unconverted hydrocarbons from hydrogen to give 96% to 99.5% pure hydrogen. Contaminated process condensate (principally dissolved CO2, H2 and hydrocarbons), obtained after shift conversion, may be vaporized and recycled to the reformer. Low-purity hydrogen from an extraneous source may be purified by addition to the process stream prior to cryogenic separation. As shown, hydrocarbon and steam are preheated, e.g. to 750 DEG F., and fed to reformer R-1, inlet pressure being e.g. 500 p.s.i.g. and outlet temperature being e.g. 1480 DEG F. R-1 exit gases are cooled to e.g. 700 DEG ...

Process

A carbon absorbing system used in the production of synthesis gas.

Method and apparatus for sequestering carbon dioxide from a spent gas.

A carbon absorbing system used in the production of synthesis gas

Method and apparatus for sequestering carbon from a spent gas

METHOD OF SUPPRESSING METAL CONTAMINATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

Method of suppressing metal contamination of synthesis gas production apparatus

Method and apparatus for sequestering carbon dioxide from a spent gas.

A carbon absorbing system used in the production of synthesis gas.

Process of production of hydrogen.

Method of suppressing metal contamination of synthesis gas production apparatus

A carbon absorbing system used in the production of synthesis gas.

Method of suppressing metal contamination of synthesis gas production apparatus

Method and apparatus for sequestering carbon dioxide from a spent gas.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LANGKETTIGEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANOL, OLEFINEN AND HYDROCARBONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON WITH A ACTIVATED CHARCOAL CATALYST

Reformer unit for fuel cell system

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Reformereinheit (1), insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensystem (2), mit einem Brenner (3), welcher eine Brennkammer (4) aufweist, und einem Reformer (5), welcher zumindest teilweise in der Brennkammer (4) angeordnet ist und einer ersten Leitung (6), die den Reformer (5) mit Prozessgas, welches insbesondere rezirkuliertes Anodenabgas und Kohlenwasserstoffe aufweist, versorgt. Der Reformer (5) weist einen Prozessgasverteiler (7) auf, in welchen die erste Leitung (6) mündet und ist zumindest teilweise in der Brennkammer (4) angeordnet. Die Reformereinheit weist weiters einen Startbrenner (11) auf, der mit der Brennkammer (4) über ein Flammrohr (12) verbunden ist.

Reformereinheit für Brennstoffzellensystem

The invention relates to a reformer unit (1), in particular for a fuel cell system (2), having a burner (3) which comprises a combustion chamber (4), and a reformer (5) which is arranged at least in part in the combustion chamber (4), and a first conduit (6) which supplies the reformer (5) with process gas, which comprises in particular recirculated anode off-gas and hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the reformer (5) comprises a manifold (7) into which the first conduit (6) opens out.

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY OF MEANS TEMPERATURE CHANGE REFORMATION AND FIXED OXIDE GAS CELL

EXPANDABLE METHANOL PLANT FOR PROCEDURES OF ACETIC ACID

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KOHLENDIOXID UND WASSERSTOFF

The invention encompasses a method for continuously producing CO2 and H2 by reforming a fuel comprising carbon and hydrogen using the CLR technology by way of at least one particulate metal oxide that serves as a catalyst and oxygen carrier and is cycled between two CLR reactors, these being an air reactor AR into which an oxygen-containing combustion gas, preferably air 1 is introduced and a fuel reactor FR into which a fuel flow 2 is introduced, wherein the gas mixture formed by way of CLR and comprising primarily CO2 und H2 is subjected to a scrubbing and/or separating step so as to obtain one of said two gases as a substantially pure gas flow 13 and a waste gas flow 7, with the waste gas flow 7 being subjected to a second scrubbing and/or separating step so as to obtain the second gas as a substantially pure gas flow 14 and a second waste gas flow 9.

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON PARLIAMENTARY GROUPS BY HYDROGENATION OF FOSSIL REPLACEMENT MATERIAL.

PRODUCTION OF TECHNICAL HYDROGEN.

CHEMICAL REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR CATALYTIC GASEOUS PHASE REACTIONS

SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTION OF CATALYTIC OR NICHTKATALYTI PROCEDURES, REACTANT ENRICHED WITH A WITH OXYGEN

COMPOUND LEADING DIAPHRAGMS FOR THE SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Process and apparatus for production of hydrogen by gasification of combustible material and method for electric power generation using fuel cell and electric power generation system using fuel cell

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A Chemical reactor and method for gas phase reactant catalytic reactions

Preparati0n of syngas for acetic acid synthesis by partial oxidation of methanol feedstock

Steam pyrolysis as a process to enhance the hydro-gasification of carbonaceous materials

Process for the production of synthesis gas

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Process and plant for at least partial gasification of solid organic input material

A process (100) is proposed for at least partial gasification of solid organic input material (A), in which a tar-containing carbonization gas (B) is obtained from the input material (A) by carbonization in a low-temperature gasifier (1), and the carbonization gas (B) is then converted to a synthesis gas (D) by partial oxidation and subsequently partial reduction in a high-temperature gasifier (2). The carbonization gas (B) is contacted with a fraction of the synthesis gas (D) and/or of a gas mixture (E) diverted from the synthesis gas (D). The invention likewise provides a plant (10) set up for performance of the process (1).

Hydropyrolysis of biomass-containing feedstocks

Various techniques are disclosed for pretreating municipal solid waste (MSW) and other biomass-containing feedstocks that may be of a poorer quality and consequently more difficult, or even impossible, to convert to higher value liquid products (e.g., transportation fuels) using conventional processes. Such conventional processes may otherwise be satisfactory for the conversion of the biomass portion of the feedstock alone. The pretreatment of biomass-containing feedstocks may generally include steps carried out prior to a hydropyrolysis step and optionally further steps, in order to change one or more characteristics of the feedstock, rendering it more easily upgradable.

Gas separation device, membrane reactor, and hydrogen production device

The purpose of the present invention is: to improve the energy utilization efficiency in a gas separation device for separating carbon dioxide and steam from a first mixed gas comprising a specific main component gas, carbon dioxide and steam; and to provide a membrane reactor and a hydrogen production device each having a high energy utilization efficiency, each of which is produced utilizing the function of the gas separation device. The gas separation device comprises a first separation membrane (33) and a second separation membrane (34) which are made from different materials. When the first mixed gas is supplied to the first separation membrane (33) at a temperature of 100°C or higher, carbon dioxide and steam are passed through the first separation membrane (33) selectively, thereby separating a second mixed gas comprising carbon dioxide and steam that have been passed through the first separation membrane. When the second mixed gas is supplied to the second separation membrane (34 ...

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Syngas reactor with ceramic membrane

Method and plant for production of oxygenated hydrocarbons

Synthesis gas production system and method

PROTON CONDUCTING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS HAVING TEMPERATURE SWING REFORMING

Provided is an improvement in the process of producing energy from fuel cells. A cyclic reforming process, referred to as temperature swing reforming, provides an efficient means for producing a hydrogen containing synthesis gas for use in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell applications. In one embodiment, at least some synthesis gas which is first produced in the temperature swing reforming process is combusted with air to provide the heat for the regeneration step of the temperature swing reforming process. The syngas produced in TSR is particularly well suited for use in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell applications.

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS

A process for the production of hydrocarbons is described comprising a) subjecting a hydrocarbon feedstock (10) to steam reforming by dividing the feedstock into first (12) and second (13) streams, mixing the first stream with steam (16), passing the mixture of the first stream and steam over a catalyst disposed in heated tubes in a heat exchange reformer (28) to form a primary reformed gas (30), forming a secondary reformer feed stream (40) comprising the primary reformed gas and the second hydrocarbon stream, partially combusting the secondary reformer feed stream with an oxygen- containing gas (44) and bringing the resultant partially combusted gas towards equilibrium over a secondary reforming catalyst, and using the resultant secondary reformed gas (48) to heat the tubes of the heat exchange reformer, thereby producing a partially cooled reformed gas, b) further cooling the partially cooled reformed gas to below the dew point of the steam therein to condense water and separating condensed ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING NATURAL GAS TO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS USING MICROCHANNEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

The disclosed invention relates to a process and apparatus for converting natural gas to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process includes steam reforming to form synthesis gas followed by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to convert the synthesis gas to the high molecular weight hydrocarbons. The reforming and Fischer-Tropsch reactions are conducted in microchannel reactors. The higher molecular weight hydrocarbons may be further treated to form hydrocarbon products such as middle distillate fuels, lubricating oils, and the like. The apparatus includes vessels containing SMR microchannel reactors and Fischer-Tropsch microchannel reactors. A composition comprising a mixture of olefins and paraffins is disclosed.

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in- situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

INTEGRATION OF REFORMING/WATER SPLITTING AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS FOR POWER GENERATION WITH INTEGRATED CARBON CAPTURE

High efficiency electricity generation processes and systems with substantially zero CO2 emissions are provided. A closed looping between the unit that generates gaseous fuel (H2, CO, etc) and the fuel cell anode side is formed. In certain embodiments, the heat and exhaust oxygen containing gas from the fuel cell cathode side are also utilized for the gaseous fuel generation. The systems for converting fuel may comprise reactors configured to conduct oxidation- reduction reactions. The resulting power generation efficiencies are improved due to the minimized steam consumption for the gaseous fuel production.in the fuel cell anode loop as well as the strategic mass and energy integration schemes.

CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO DIMETHYL ETHER USING BI-REFORMING OF METHANE OR NATURAL GAS

The invention provides for a method of forming dimethyl ether by bimolecular dehydration of methanol produced from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained by reforming of methane, water and carbon dioxide in a ratio of about 3:2:1. Subsequent use of water produced in the dehydration of methanol in the bi-reforming process leads to an overall ratio of carbon dioxide to methane of about 1:3 to produce dimethyl ether.

WATER GAS SHIFT REACTION PROCESS

A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and having a carbon monoxide content =45 mole% on a dry-gas basis, comprising the steps of: (i) combining the synthesis gas with steam to form a steam-enriched feed gas mixture (ii) passing the feed gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 220-370°C over an iron-based water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture having a carbon monoxide content =10 mole% on a dry gas basis, and (iii) recovering the hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture, wherein a portion of the hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture is recycled to the feed gas mixture.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS HYDROGASIFICATION

The present invention provides a system and method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass. The method is particularly useful for producing substitute natural gas from forestry residues. Certain disclosed embodiments convert a biomass feedstock into a product hydrocarbon by fast pyrolysis, and conversion of the resulting pyrolysis gas to the product hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen and steam while simultaneously generating the required hydrogen by reaction with steam under prescribed conditions for self-sufficiency of hydrogen. Methane is a preferred hydrocarbon product. A system also is disclosed for cycling the catalyst between steam reforming, methanation and regeneration zones.

REACTOR FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBON AND PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBON

A hydrocarbon-reforming reactor by a steam reforming reaction and a partial oxidation reaction, which comprises a chamber for feeding oxygen-containing gas, a chamber for feeding a mixture gas of hydrocarbon with steam and a chamber for heat exchange of reformed gas in this order from one side of the reforming reactor, and which further comprises a catalyst layer filled in a space between an inner tube having an opening to the chamber for feeding oxygen-containing gas and a reaction tube being so placed as to position the inner tube in its middle portion and having an opening to the chamber for feeding the mixture gas, and a process for producing reformed gas from hydrocarbon which comprises carrying out a steam reforming reaction in the catalyst layer on the side of the chamber for feeding the mixture gas of hydrocarbon with steam by feeding the mixture gas of hydrocarbon with steam to the catalyst layer from the chamber for feeding the mixture gas, carrying out a partial oxidation reaction ...

PROCESS FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC ENERGY, STEAM AND CARBON DIOXIDE FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK

The present invention relates to a process for production of electric energy, steam and carbon dioxide in concentrated form from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising formation of synthesis gas in an air driven autothermal thermal reactor unit (ATR), heat exchanging the formed synthesis gas and thereby producing steam, treating at least part of the synthesis gas in a CO-shift reactor unit and carbon dioxide separation unit for formation of concentrated carbon dioxide and a lean hydrogen containing gas which combusted in a combined cycle gas turbine for production of electric energy, and where air from said turbine unit is supplied to the ATR unit. The exhaust from the gas turbine is heat exchanged for production of steam which together with steam generated upstream is utilized in a steam turbine for production of substantially CO2-free electric energy. Steam may be fed to the gas turbine for diluting the hydrogen containing gas mixture. The process may also be combined with production of synthesis ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN FOR USE IN FUEL CELLS

The present invention provides a method and system for efficiently producing hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell (52). The method and system of the present invention produces hydrogen in a reforming reactor (12) using a hydrocarbon stream (21) and water vapor stream (25) as reactants. The hydrogen produced is purified in a hydrogen separating membrane (14) to form a retentate stream (42) and purified hydrogen stream (40). The purified hydrogen can then be fed to a fuel cell (52) where electrical energy is produced and a fuel cell exhaust stream (76) containing water vapor and oxygen-depleted air is emitted. In one embodiment of the present invention, a means and method are provided for recycling a portion of the retentate stream (42) to the reforming reactor (12) for increased hydrogen yields. In another embodiment, a combustor (94) is provided for combusting a second portion (48) of the retentate stream (42) to provide heat to the reforming reaction or other reactants. In a preferred ...

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS USING SELF-SUSTAINED HYDRO-GASIFICATION

A process and apparatus for producing a synthesis gas for use as a gaseous fuel or as feed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a liquid fuel in a substantially self-sustaining process. A slurry of particles of carbonaceous material in water, and hydrogen from an internal source, are fed into a hydro- gasification reactor under conditions whereby methane rich producer gases are generated and fed into a steam pyrolytic reformer under conditions whereby synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide are generated. A portion of the hydrogen generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is fed through a hydrogen purification filter into the hydro-gasification reactor, the hydrogen therefrom constituting the hydrogen from an internal source. The remaining synthesis gas generated by the steam pyrolytic reformer is either used as fuel for a gaseous fueled engine to produce electricity and/or process heat or is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor under conditions whereby a liquid fuel is ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA ON THE BASIS OF A NITROGEN-HYDROGEN MIXTURE FROM NATURAL GAS

The invention relates to a method for producing ammonia on the basis of a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture from natural gas. To this end, natural gas is fed to an autothermic reformer together with an O2 rich gas. A crude synthesis gas is produced at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 ~C, a pressure of 40 to 100 bar and in the presence of a cracking catalyst. Said gas, in the dry state, has a H2 content of from 55 to 75 vol.- %, a CO content of from 15 to 30 vol.- %, a CO2 content of from 5 to 30 vol.- % and a volume ratio H2:CO of 1.6 to 4. The crude synthesis gas leaving the reformer is cooled, led through a catalytic conversion system to convert CO to H2, thereby obtaining a conversion synthesis gas with a H2 content, in the dry state, of at least 55 vol.- % and a CO content of not more than 8 vol.- %. The conversion synthesis gas is subjected to a multi-step gas purification to remove CO2, CO and CH4, thereby producing an N2-H2 mixture that is subjected to an ammonia synthesis to catalytically ...

Method and System for Synthesizing Liquid Hydrocarbon Compounds

Provided is a method for synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds wherein synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method includes a first absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in gaseous by-products generated in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, with an absorbent, and a second absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in the synthesis gas, with the absorbent which is passed through the first absorption step.

Process and Apparatus for Steam-Methane Reforming

Methane reacts with steam generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a first catalytic reactor; the resulting gas mixture undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a second catalytic reactor. In the steam/methane reforming, the gas mixture passes through a narrow channel having mean and exit temperatures both in the range of 750° C. to 900° C., residence time less than 0.5 second, and the channel containing a catalyst, so that only reactions having comparatively rapid kinetics will occur. Heat is provided by combustion of methane in adjacent channels. The ratio of steam to methane may be about 1.5. Almost all methane will undergo the reforming reaction, almost entirely forming carbon monoxide. After Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the remaining hydrogen may be fed back to the combustion channels. The steam for the reforming step may be generated from water generated by the chemical reactions, by condensing products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and by condensing water vapor generated in combustion.

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

The present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as a design for carbon dioxide capture from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen and the capture of at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. Through the use of a combination of hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with a carbon dioxide separation unit it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and improved process efficiency of the hydrogen generation plant.

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

Gas separation process for production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with carbon dioxide recovery

Disclosed herein is a process for the production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with simultaneous recovery of carbon dioxide using carbon dioxide-selective membrane separation. Residual gas from the hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery is recycled back to the autothermal reformer.

Reformer gas-based reducing method with reduced nox emission

In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides (3) to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and/or steam (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons, the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is provided at least partially by the combustion of a fuel gas.

Fuel cell system and operating method for fuel cell system

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell that generates power using an oxidant gas and a fuel gas; estimating means for estimating an electric resistance of the fuel cell in accordance with a voltage and a current of the fuel cell; and temperature controlling means for performing control to raise a temperature of the fuel cell when the electric resistance estimated by the estimating means exceeds a target electric resistance range and reduce the temperature of the fuel cell when the estimated electric resistance falls below the target electric resistance range.

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

Synthesis Gas Reaction and Processing System

A process wherein synthesis gas is reacted to produce desired products, such as alcohols, and wherein by-products, such as methane, are reformed to provide hydrogen and carbon monoxide that is recycled to the feed of synthesis gas. The process also may provide for the recycle of unreacted hydrogen and unreacted carbon monoxide to the feed of synthesis gas.

CONVERSION OF METHANE TO DIMETHYL ETHER

Herein disclosed is a method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprising introducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to DME in one step. In some cases, the reformer comprises a Ni catalyst. In some cases, the reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. The hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to DME in one step.2. The method of wherein said reformer comprises a Ni catalyst.3. The method of wherein said reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.4. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane.5. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.6. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 4 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.7. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is placed vertically in said reformer as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reformer.8. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is coated with an erosion resistant layer.9. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams enter the bottom of the reformer via a manifold or distributor.10. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams fluidize the catalyst in the reformer.11. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.12. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.13. The method of wherein regenerated catalyst is ...

Process for converting of methane steam reforming syngas with co2

In an embodiment, a process of making C 2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650° C.; and converting the product syngas to C 2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H 2 :CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H 2 :CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

Process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the fischer-tropsch reaction

Process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction which comprises feeding said aqueous stream to one or more pervaporation units obtaining an aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds (retentate side) and an aqueous stream enriched in water (permeate side), feeding said aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds to a saturator obtaining a gaseous stream leaving the saturator, feeding said gaseous stream to a synthesis gas production plant. Said process allows at least a part of the aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to be used as process water in a synthesis gas production plant, subsequently sent to a Fischer-Tropsch plant for the production of hydrocarbons.

FUEL CELL INTEGRATION WITHIN A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Systems and methods are provided for incorporating molten carbonate fuel cells into a heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) for production of electrical power while also reducing or minimizing the amount of COpresent in the flue gas exiting the HRSG. An optionally multi-layer screen or wall of molten carbonate fuel cells can be inserted into the HRSG so that the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells substantially fills the cross-sectional area. By using the walls of the HRSG and the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells to form a cathode input manifold, the overall amount of duct or flow passages associated with the MCFCs can be reduced. 112.-. (canceled)13. A heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”) for producing electricity using an integrated molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode , the HRSG comprising:an enclosure that forms a flow path that extends between an inlet that receives a gas flow and an outlet that exhausts at least a portion of the received gas flow;one or more heat exchangers extending into the flow path; anda fuel cell screen located within the enclosure and comprising a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells having cathode inlets, the fuel cell screen being oriented in the flow path so that the cathode inlets of the molten carbonate fuel cells receive substantially all of the received gas flow, the plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells also having a plurality of cathode outlets fluidly exposed to the flow path to discharge cathode exhaust to the flow path.14. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a duct burner located within the HRSG and upstream from the one or more heat exchangers.15. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a first heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers and upstream from a second heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers.16. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein a first cross ...

System and Method For Fueling Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Disclosed is an alternative fuel fueling station useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. The alternative fuel fueling station includes a solid oxide fuel cell, an electrical conduit, and a compressed hydrogen conduit, such that the alternative fuel fueling station can fuel both the electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. 2. The method of claim 1 , where the method further comprises the step of introducing water to the SOFC system of the alternative fuel fueling station.3. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is compressed hydrogen product and the alternative fuel vehicle is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.4. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is electrical power and the alternative fuel vehicle is an electrical vehicle.5. The method of claim 1 , where the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of: naphtha claim 1 , kerosene and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , where the SOFC system includes a hydrodesulfurization system that fluidly couples to the hydrogen compression and storage system and is operable to receive a hydrocarbon fuel.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising a steam reformer having catalytic reactor tubes and a reformer combustion chamber claim 6 , where the catalytic reactor tubes couple to the hydrodesulfurization system and are operable to receive steam claim 6 , and where the reformer combustion chamber thermally couples to the catalytic reactor tubes and fluidly couples to both an outlet of an anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell and an oxygen generation system and is operable to receive the hydrocarbon fuel claim 6 ,the anode side operable to receive a methane-rich anode feed gas without a reformer, the methane-rich anode feed gas comprising a pre-reformer syngas product and an off-gas stream from a hydrogen purification system, where the off-gas stream comprises methane, carbon oxides, and inert gases, ...

ADVANCED STEAM CRACKING

A process and system that use the heat produced in the generation of Syngas to provide heat to an endothermic reaction zone are disclosed. A method for providing heat to an endothermic reaction may comprise producing Syngas in a reforming reactor. The method may further comprise recovering heat from the producing the Syngas to heat an endothermic reaction stream in a heat transfer zone. The method may further comprise allowing reactants in the endothermic reaction stream to react to form an endothermic reaction product stream. The method may further comprise withdrawing the endothermic reaction product stream from the heat transfer zone. 1. A method for providing heat to an endothermic reaction , comprising:producing Syngas in a reforming reactor;recovering heat from the producing of the Syngas to heat an endothermic reaction stream in a heat transfer zone;allowing reactants in the endothermic reaction stream to react to form an endothermic reaction product stream; andwithdrawing the endothermic reaction product stream from the heat transfer zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the endothermic reaction is selected from the group consisting of steam cracking claim 1 , naphtha reforming claim 1 , and paraffin dehydrogenation.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer zone is disposed in the reforming reactor claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer zone comprises a fluidized bed.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising supplying the endothermic reaction stream to tubes disposed in the fluidized bed.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fluidized bed is catalytic.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovering the heat comprises supplying a Syngas stream comprising the Syngas to the heat transfer zone.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the recovering the heat comprises heating a fluidized bed with the Syngas stream.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluidized bed is catalytic and catalyzes conversion of the Syngas in the Syngas stream to a product.9 ...

RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE AND ZERO EMISSION POWER SYSTEM

The invention provides an energy system comprising a fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate, an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor, an energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, and a catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel. 1. An energy system , comprisinga fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate,an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor,a renewable energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, anda catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel or a liquid chemical.2. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel processor comprises a reformer.3. The energy system of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is a partial oxidation reformer claim 2 , an autothermal reformer claim 2 , a steam methane reformer claim 2 , or a steam reformer.4. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed within the fuel processor.5. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed external to the fuel processor.6. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is a renewable solar or wind energy source.7. The energy system of claim 1 , further comprising a separation unit coupled to the fuel processor for separating hydrogen from the reformate.8. The energy system of claim 7 , further comprisinga compressor coupled to the separation unit for compressing the hydrogen separated from the reformate by the separation unit, anda storage element for storing the hydrogen compressed by the compressor.9. The energy system of claim 1 , ...

Continuous slag handling system

A system includes a slurry inlet of the gasifier that receives a feedstock slurry and a gasification section of the gasifier that gasifies the feedstock slurry to produce syngas. The system includes a quench chamber to cool the syngas produced in the gasification section using a liquid feed to produce a quench blow down and quenched syngas. The quench blow down has solids produced as a by-product from gasification. The system includes a quench blowdown outlet which discharges the quench blow down and a slag sump liquid such that the solids concentration of the quench blowdown is reduced. The system includes a syngas outlet which discharges the syngas and a syngas scrubber fluidly coupled to the syngas outlet and to the quench chamber. The syngas scrubber includes a syngas inlet, a scrubbed syngas outlet, and a scrubber blow down outlet fluidly coupled to a fluid inlet of the gasifier.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HYDROGENATING AROMATIC COMPOUND

In a system for hydrogenation of an aromatic compound, an excessive temperature rise in the hydrogenation reaction unit is prevented, and the amount of the dilution gas to be circulated is minimized. The hydrogenation system () comprises a hydrogenation reaction unit () for producing a hydrogenated aromatic compound by adding hydrogen to an aromatic compound via a hydrogenation reaction, a separation unit () for separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound from a product of the hydrogenation reaction unit, and a transportation unit () for circulating at least a part of a residual component remaining in the separation unit after separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound therefrom to the hydrogenation reaction unit. The hydrogen supplied to the hydrogenation reaction unit consists of diluted hydrogen (L) diluted by a dilution compound having a higher molar specific heat than nitrogen, and the dilution compound includes a component circulated to the hydrogenation reaction unit as the residual component. 1. A system for hydrogenating an aromatic compound , comprising:a hydrogenation reaction unit for producing a hydrogenated aromatic compound by adding hydrogen to an aromatic compound via a hydrogenation reaction;a separation unit for separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound from a product of the hydrogenation reaction unit; anda transportation unit for circulating at least a part of a residual component remaining in the separation unit after separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound therefrom to the hydrogenation reaction unit;wherein the hydrogen supplied to the hydrogenation reaction unit consists of diluted hydrogen diluted by a dilution compound having a higher molar specific heat than nitrogen, and the dilution compound includes a component circulated to the hydrogenation reaction unit as the residual component.2. The system for hydrogenating an aromatic compound according to claim 1 , wherein the dilution compound in the diluted hydrogen is in a ...

Process for producing synthesis gas

Process for the production of synthesis gas by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon containing feedstock in parallel in an autothermal steam reformer and heat exchange reformer, the heat for the steam reforming reactions in the heat exchange reformer being provided by indirect heat exchange with the combined effluent of the heat exchange reformer and a portion of the autothermal steam reformer.

ENHANCEMENT OF FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS FOR HYDROCARBON FUEL FORMULATION IN A GTL ENVIRONMENT

An enhanced natural gas processing method using Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. A selection of natural gas, separately or combined with portions of natural gas liquids and FT naphtha and FT vapours are destroyed in a syngas generator and used or recycled as feedstock to an Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. The process enhancement results are the maximum production of formulated syndiesel without the presence or formation of low value by-products. 147-. (canceled)48. A method for producing synthetic hydrocarbons comprising:providing a feedstock consisting of 20% ethane, propane, butane and/or pentane, and 80% methane,feeding said feedstock to a syngas generator comprising steam methane reformer (SMR) to produce a hydrogen-rich syngas stream; andcatalytically converting the hydrogen rich syngas stream in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce synthetic hydrocarbons.49. The method of claim 48 , wherein the feedstock comprises 20% propane and/or butane.50. The method of claim 48 , further comprising a scrubbing unit to remove one or more components from the syngas stream.51. The method of claim 50 , wherein the one or more components comprise one or more of ammonia claim 50 , sulfur compounds claim 50 , and carbon dioxide.52. The method of claim 48 , wherein the feedstock is provided to a combined steam methane reformer and an autothermal reformer.53. The method of claim 48 , wherein the synthetic hydrocarbons produced comprise diesel fuel.54. The method of claim 48 , wherein the synthetic hydrocarbons produced comprise jet fuel.55. The method of claim 48 , wherein the synthetic hydrocarbons produced have an absence of sulfur.56. The method of claim 48 , wherein the synthetic hydrocarbons produced have an increased cetane rating as compared to the cetane rating of petroleum based diesel.57. The ...

Hybrid plant for liquid fuel production

A hybrid plant and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. When a gasification unit in the hybrid plant is operating at reduced capacity or is not operational, oxygen that would have been used in the gasification unit is diverted to a light fossil fuel conversion unit containing an autothermal reformer to increase H 2 -rich syngas flow to a liquid fuel production unit and maintain liquid fuel production at near nameplate capacity.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PURE HYDROGEN WITH LOW STEAM EXPORT

A process is proposed for producing pure hydrogen by steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, preferably natural gas or naphtha, with a simultaneously low and preferably adjustable export steam flow rate. The process includes the steam reforming of the feed gas, for which the heat of reaction required is provided by combustion of one or more fuel gases with combustion air in a multitude of burners arranged within the reformer furnace. According to the invention, the combustion air, before being introduced into the burners, is heated by means of at least one heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the hot flue gas to temperatures of at least 530° C. 1. A process for producing a pure hydrogen product gas by steam reforming of a feed gas containing hydrocarbons , comprising:(a) providing the feed gas comprising hydrocarbons,{'claim-text': ['(b1) a prereformer,', {'claim-text': ['(b21) a multitude of reformer tubes filled with steam reforming catalyst, wherein the reformer tubes have a feed gas inlet for a feed gas mixture on a first side of the reformer furnace and a product gas outlet for a crude synthesis gas on a second side of the reformer furnace, wherein the second side is opposite the first side, and further comprising', '(b22) a multitude of burners,'], '#text': '(b2) a steam reforming plant with a reformer furnace, comprising'}, '(b3) a CO conversion plant,', '(b4) a hydrogen purification plant,'], '#text': '(b) providing a hydrogen production plant comprising'}(c) adding steam to the feed gas to obtain a steam-feed gas mixture having an overall SIC ratio,(d) introducing the steam-feed gas mixture into the prereformer, prereforming the steam-feed gas mixture under prereforming conditions to give a prereformed feed gas comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides, methane and higher hydrocarbons, discharging the prereformed feed gas,(e) introducing the prereformed feed gas into the feed gas inlet of the reformer tubes of the steam reforming plant, ...

Methods, Systems, And Apparatuses For Utilizing A Fischer-Tropsch Purge Stream

Systems, apparatuses and methods of utilizing a Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) tail gas purge stream for recycling are disclosed. One or more methods include removing an FT tail gas purge stream from an FT tail gas produced by an FT reactor, treating the FT tail gas purge stream with steam in a water gas shift (“WGS”) reactor, having a WGS catalyst, to produce a shifted FT purge stream including carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the shifted FT purge stream, producing a carbon dioxide stream and a treated purge stream. Other embodiments are also disclosed. 1. A system for producing Fischer Tropsch (“FT”) hydrocarbons , the system comprising:a. a syngas preparation unit configured to produce a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a carbonaceous feedstock, wherein the syngas preparation unit is a steam methane reformer;b. a syngas conditioning unit, fluidly connected to an output of the syngas preparation unit, configured to condition the syngas to remove a process condensate stream from the syngas and produce a conditioned syngas;c. an FT reactor, fluidly connected to an output of the syngas conditioning unit, and having an FT catalyst, configured to operate under FT conditions to receive the conditioned syngas as an input and to make FT liquid hydrocarbons, with an FT tail gas and an FT water stream as by-products;d. an FT tail gas flowline to transport the FT tail gas from the FT reactor to the syngas preparation unit for use as a feed;e. a diverting line configured to remove an FT tail gas purge stream, comprising a portion of the FT tail gas, from the FT tail gas in the FT tail gas flowline;f. a water gas shift (“WGS”) reactor fluidly connected to the diverting line to receive the FT tail gas purge stream, and having a water gas shift catalyst positioned therein, configured to convert carbon monoxide and water in the FT purge stream exposed to the water gas shift catalyst under WGS conditions at least in ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which the reforming section of the plant comprises a process line comprising autothermal reforming (ATR) () or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), and a separate process line comprising steam methane reforming (SMR) (). 1. Process for the production of synthesis gas comprising:(a) passing a first hydrocarbon feedstock, a tail gas from a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis stage, and an oxidant gas to an autothermal reforming (ATR) stage or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) stage to form a raw synthesis gas;(b) passing a second hydrocarbon feedstock through a primary reforming stage in the form of steam methane reforming (SMR), heat exchange reforming (HER) or combination of both, to form a primary reformed gas;{'sub': 'SMR', '(c) combining part or all of the primary reformed gas of step (b) with the raw synthesis gas of step (a) to form a synthesis gas; wherein in step (c) the ratio (R) defined as the volumetric flow rate of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the primary reformed gas which is combined with said raw synthesis gas to the volumetric flow rate of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas is between 1 and 20%.'}2. Process according to in which said first hydrocarbon feedstock and said second hydrocarbon feedstock are split from a single hydrocarbon feedstock and wherein prior to split the single hydrocarbon feedstock is subjected to pre-reforming.3. Process according to wherein naphtha formed or synthesised in the FT-synthesis stage is not added to the first hydrocarbon feedstock or the second hydrocarbon feedstock or to the single hydrocarbon feedstock.4. Process according to wherein each individual stream in the form of first hydrocarbon feedstock claim 1 , or second hydrocarbon feedstock claim 1 , or both claim 1 , are subjected to pre-reforming prior to passing through autothermal reforming stage or primary reforming stage.5. Process ...

Methods and systems for supplying hydrogen to a hydrocatalytic reaction

A bottom fraction of a product of a hydrocatalytic reaction is gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds. In another embodiment, a product of the further processing is separated into a bottom fraction and an overhead fraction, where the bottom fraction is also gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions.

Process for catalytic reforming

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for catalytic reforming The process can include catalytically reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reaction zone, obtaining an effluent stream having hydrogen and hydrocarbons from the reaction zone, obtaining from at least a portion of the effluent stream a waste hydrocarbon stream from an adsorption zone, passing at least a portion of the waste hydrocarbon stream as a feed stream across a feed side of a membrane having the feed side and a permeate side, and being selective for hydrogen over one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons, and withdrawing from the permeate side a permeate stream enriched in hydrogen compared with a residue stream withdrawn from the feed side.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE RETURN

A method and to a device for producing a synthesis gas, which contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein natural gas having a first carbon dioxide partial pressure (COpressure) is provided and is processed inter alia by means of a pressure increase to form a natural gas input for a thermochemical conversion, in which a synthesis raw gas having a second COpressure greater than the first COpressure is produced, from which synthesis raw gas at least carbon dioxide is subsequently separated in order to obtain the synthesis gas and carbon dioxide, at least some of which is returned and is used in the thermochemical conversion of the natural gas input. To separate carbon dioxide, the synthesis raw gas is conducted across the one membrane on the retentate side, which membrane is permeable to carbon dioxide and is flushed on the permeate side by the provided natural gas.

AN INTEGRATED INDIRECT HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNGAS AND OLEFINS BY CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION AND CRACKING

A process for producing syngas and olefins includes the steps of feeding a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reactant mixture having oxygen, first hydrocarbons, and optionally steam to a CPO reaction zone having a CPO catalyst such that at least a portion of the CPO reactant mixture reacts, via an exothermic CPO reaction, to produce syngas having hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), water, and unreacted first hydrocarbons. The syngas is characterized by a molar ratio M defined as (H−CO)/(CO+CO). The method further includes feeding a cracking zone feed having second hydrocarbons to a cracking zone such that at least a portion of the second hydrocarbons undergoes an endothermic cracking reaction to produce a cracking zone product stream having olefins, hydrogen, and unreacted second hydrocarbons; and cooling the CPO reaction zone by heating the cracking zone while cooling the CPO reaction zone via heat transfer between the CPO reaction zone and the cracking zone. 1. A process for producing syngas and olefins comprising the following steps:(a) feeding a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reactant mixture to a CPO reaction zone; wherein the CPO reactant mixture comprises oxygen, first hydrocarbons, and optionally steam; wherein at least a portion of the CPO reactant mixture reacts, via an exothermic CPO reaction, in the CPO reaction zone to produce syngas; wherein the CPO reaction zone comprises a CPO catalyst; wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen (¾), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02), water, and unreacted first hydrocarbons, and wherein the syngas is characterized by an M ratio of the syngas, wherein the M ratio is a molar ratio defined as (H2−C02)/(C0+C02);(b) feeding a cracking zone feed to a cracking zone, wherein the cracking zone feed comprises second hydrocarbons; wherein at least a portion of the second hydrocarbons undergoes an endothermic cracking reaction in the cracking zone to produce a cracking zone product stream; wherein the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ON-BOARD GENERATION AND USE OF HYDROGEN FUEL MIXTURES

This is a system for generating hydrogen on-board the vehicle from compressed natural gas (CNG) in select ratios to create hydrogen-enriched CNG (HCNG) fuel for use in internal combustion engines. The on-board generation of hydrogen is comprised of a reforming system of CNG fuel with direct contact with exhaust gases. The reforming system controls for production of HCNG fuel mixtures is based on specific engine operating conditions. The vehicle's engine controls and operating parameters are modified for combustion of selective ratios of HCNG fuel mixtures throughout engine operating cycle. The reforming system controls and engine controls modifications are also used to minimize combustion emissions and optimize engine performance. 1. An engine method of controlling an engine system , comprising:a combustion system configured to combust natural gas to generate energy and exhaust gas;a pre-reforming system configured to receive unreformed natural gas and coupled to the combustion system to receive at least a portion of the exhaust gas, the pre-reforming system configured to generate a partial oxidation reaction between the unreformed natural gas and the exhaust gas to generate partial oxidation reaction products;a reforming system coupled to the pre-reforming system and configured to reform the partial oxidation reaction products to produce reformed natural gas;a mixing system coupled to the reforming system and configured to mix reformed natural gas and unreformed natural gas that is provided as the natural gas to the combustion system; anda reforming control system coupled to the pre-reforming system and configured to control the supply of the exhaust gas to the pre-forming system so the supplied exhaust gas has a first ratio with the unreformed natural gas based on a first operating condition and is configured to control the supply of the exhaust gas so the supplied exhaust gas has a second ratio with the unreformed natural gas based on a second operating condition ...

Plasma arc furnace and applications

A Plasma Arc Reformer for creating a useful fuel, such as Methanol, using any of Methane, Municipal Solid Waste, farm or forest waste, coal orchar rock from oil shale production, petrochemical hydrocarbons, (any carbon containing charge), water, and/or Municipal Sewage, as the source material. A High temperature Plasma Arc de-polymerizes the source material into atoms which, upon partial cooling, creates a gas stream rich in CO and H 2 (syngas). Subsequent molecular filter and catalyst stages in the system remove contaminants and produce the output fuel. The system is closed loop with regard to the syngas production in that it recycles the residual unconverted gas and even the exhaust gases if desired. The large amount of heat produced is captured and converted to electric power using a supercritical CO 2 Rankin cycle resulting in potentially high efficiencies.

Method for Hydrogen Production, and Hydrogen Production Device

When the product gas producing operation is stopped, a stand-by operation is executed in which a product gas filling up a reforming processing unit is circulated, in a state in which an adsorbent of adsorption towers is maintained in a state in which adsorption target components are desorbed, and the heating of a reformer by a heating burner is maintained, and when the stand-by operation is stopped and the product gas producing operation is started, initial operation processing is executed in which immediately after the start, a source gas and steam are supplied to the reformer to produce a reformed gas, and the reformed gas from the reforming processing unit supplied to the adsorption towers to produce the product gas, and then the product gas producing operation in which the product gas is collected in a product gas tank is executed. 1. An operation method for a hydrogen production device , wherein the hydrogen production device comprises:a reforming processing unit provided with a compressor for source gas supply for supplying a source gas that contains a hydrogen component, and a reformer for performing steam reforming processing on the source gas in a state in which the reformer is heated to a reforming temperature by a heating burner to obtain a reformed gas that contains a large amount of hydrogen components;a pressure swing adsorption unit provided with a plurality of adsorption towers configured to perform a pressure swing adsorption operation of adsorbing, using an adsorbent, adsorption target components other than the hydrogen components from the reformed gas to produce a product gas, and discharging the adsorption target components as off-gas;a product gas tank configured to collect the product gas; andan off-gas supply path configured to supply the off-gas as a burning fuel to the heating burner,the operation method comprising:executing, with the hydrogen production device, product gas producing operation of supplying the source gas and steam to the ...

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS AND OF METHANOL

A system having a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reactor to produce, from a CPO reactant mixture, a CPO reactor effluent characterized by a hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H2/CO) molar ratio and a M ratio defined as (H2−CO2)/(CO+C=2). The system includes a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor configured to produce a hydrogen enriched reactor effluent from at least a portion of the CPO reactor effluent, wherein the hydrogen enriched reactor effluent is characterized by a H2/CO molar ratio that is greater than the H2/CO molar ratio of the CPO reactor effluent. The system includes a CO2 separator operable to remove a portion of the CO2 from the hydrogen enriched reactor effluent to yield the syngas, wherein the syngas is characterized by a M ratio that is greater than the M ratio of the CPO reactor effluent and of the hydrogen enriched reactor effluent. Processes for producing the syngas and producing methanol therefrom are also provided. 1. A process for producing syngas comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, '(a) reacting, via a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reaction, a CPO reactant mixture in a CPO reactor to produce a CPO reactor effluent; wherein the CPO reactant mixture comprises hydrocarbons, oxygen, and optionally water; wherein the CPO reactor comprises a CPO catalyst; wherein the GPO reactor effluent comprises hydrogen (¾), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and unreacted hydrocarbons, wherein the CPO reactor effluent is characterized by a hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H/CO) molar ratio of the CPO reactor effluent, and wherein the CPO reactor effluent is characterized by an M ratio of the CPO reactor effluent, wherein the M ratio is a molar ratio defined as (H−CO)/(CO+CO);'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, '(b) feeding at least a portion of the CPO reactor effluent to an optional water-gas shift (WGS) reactor to produce a hydrogen enriched reactor effluent, wherein a portion of the carbon monoxide of the CPO reactor effluent reacts with water via a WGS reaction ...

RECYCLING GAS TO HEAT THE HYDRODESULPHURIZATION SECTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for recycling natural gas during a reformer startup in a methanol plant. The method comprises recycling natural gas from a point before entry into the natural gas saturator where the natural gas is recycled until the natural gas reaches a desired temperature. 1. A method comprising:recycling natural gas during a reformer startup in a methanol plant,wherein the natural gas is recycled from a point before entry into a natural gas saturator,wherein the natural gas is recycled until the natural gas is heated to a desired temperature.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of cooling the recycled natural gas by passing the recycled natural gas through a heat exchanger.4. (canceled)5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas is cooled to 20° C. to 60° C.6. (canceled)7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method does not comprise at least one of the following: a natural gas flare step and a partial oxidation step.8. (canceled)9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas consists essentially of natural gas.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas comprises methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , ethylene claim 1 , or hydrogen or a combination thereof.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas consists of natural gas.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas does not comprise carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled natural gas passes through a hydrodesulphurization section; and wherein the natural gas is recycled from a point after exiting from the hydrodesulphurization section.14. (canceled)15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the natural gas is recycled from a point after exiting from a sulfur absorber.16. The method according ...

GAS-TO-LIQUID TECHNOLOGY

Gas-to-liquids processes for treating natural gas, including the steps of subjecting the natural gas to expansion through a flow restrictor so as to undergo cooling through the Joule Thomson effect. The processes then separate the resulting liquids from the remaining natural gas and processing the natural gas to form a synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is subjected to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the output from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is separated into a hydrocarbon product and an aqueous phase and the aqueous phase is steam stripped to extract the oxygenates which are then injected into the natural gas stream upstream of the flow restrictor. 119-. (canceled)20. A gas-to-liquids process for treating natural gas , including the steps of subjecting the natural gas to expansion through a flow restrictor so as to undergo cooling through the Joule Thomson effect , followed by separating the resulting liquids from the remaining natural gas , further comprising the steps of processing the natural gas to form a synthesis gas , and subjecting the synthesis gas to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and wherein the output from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is separated into a hydrocarbon product and an aqueous phase , wherein the aqueous phase is steam stripped to extract the oxygenates which are then injected into the natural gas stream upstream of the flow restrictor.21. A process as claimed in including the step of transferring heat between the natural gas before it reaches the flow restrictor claim 20 , and at least one fluid that has been cooled by passage through the flow restrictor.22. A process as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the step of subjecting the natural gas to expansion through a flow restrictor is carried out only once.23. A process as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the step of processing the natural gas to form a synthesis gas results in a synthesis gas containing excess hydrogen claim 20 , and further comprising the step of removing excess hydrogen from the ...

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

Integrated carbon capture and gas to liquids system

A gas to liquids process is described wherein carbon dioxide is captured and used within the gas to liquids process.

GAS REFORMER FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN

A process for reforming for producing hydrogen and generating electricity, comprises: introducing a feed comprising a hydrocarbon stream to a reformer to produce unshifted synthesis gas (syngas); introducing the unshifted syngas to a water gas shift unit to produce a shifted syngas; removing COfrom the shifted syngas to produce a COdepleted syngas and a COproduct; introducing the COdepleted syngas to a pressure swing adsorption unit to produce a hydrogen product and an off-gas comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unreacted methane; splitting a portion of the hydrogen product; and providing the portion of the hydrogen product to an electricity generator for generating electricity for use within the process. 1. A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas , the process comprising:introducing a feed natural gas, a feed steam, and a fuel to a reformer to produce unshifted synthesis gas (syngas);introducing the unshifted syngas to a water gas shift unit to produce a shifted syngas;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'removing COfrom the shifted syngas to produce a COdepleted syngas and a COproduct;'}{'sub': '2', 'introducing the COdepleted syngas to a pressure swing adsorption unit to produce a hydrogen product and an off-gas comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unreacted methane; and'}compressing and introducing at least a portion of the off-gas to the reformer with the feed natural gas.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:splitting the hydrogen product into a first hydrogen portion and a second hydrogen portion;splitting the off-gas into a first off-gas portion and a second off-gas portion;combining the second hydrogen portion and the second off-gas portion to form a fuel recycle stream, wherein the fuel that is introduced to the reformer comprises the fuel recycle stream andcompressing and introducing the first off-gas portion to the reformer with the feed natural gas.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'splitting the ...

FLUE GAS RECYCLE METHOD FOR THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION

Thermochemical regeneration is enhanced by injecting fuel gas to entrain recycled flue gas that passes out of a regenerator to form a mixture that is impelled into the other regenerator. 2. A method according to further comprising claim 1 , in step (B)(1) claim 1 , feeding additional gaseous fuel into the mixture of gaseous fuel with entrained gaseous combustion products before the mixture is impelled into the heated second regenerator claim 1 , and claim 1 , in step (B)(2) claim 1 , feeding additional gaseous fuel into the mixture of gaseous fuel with entrained gaseous combustion products before the mixture is impelled into the heated first regenerator.3. A method according to where in step (B)(1) said stream of gaseous fuel is injected into said gaseous combustion products in a first chamber of a device that has first and second chambers that are connected by a passageway claim 1 , and said mixture of gaseous fuel and gaseous combustion products is passed from said first chamber through said passageway and through said second chamber into the heated second regenerator; and wherein in step (B)(2) said stream of gaseous fuel is injected into said gaseous combustion products in said second chamber of said device and said mixture of gaseous fuel and gaseous combustion products is passed from said second chamber through said passageway and through said first chamber into the heated first regenerator.4. A method according to wherein the first chamber is within the first regenerator and the second chamber is within the second regenerator claim 3 , the first and second regenerators are separated by a wall that is contact with regenerators claim 3 , and the passageway between the first and second chambers passes through the wall.5. A method according to wherein at the end of step (B)(1) before step (B)(2) is begun claim 1 , the passage of gaseous fuel into the second regenerator is discontinued claim 1 , and then a stream of motive gas which does not contain gaseous fuel ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PREPARATION OF ONE OR MORE REACTION PRODUCTS

A process for preparing one or more reaction products, in which a first methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a partial oxidation process and/or an autothermal reforming process and a second methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a steam reforming process, in which a first synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed from the first methane-rich feed stream and a second synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed from the second methane-rich feed stream and these synthesis gas streams are used to form a collective synthesis gas stream and fluid from the collective synthesis gas stream is subjected to a molecular weight-increasing reaction in a synthesis feed stream to obtain a synthesis output stream comprising carbon dioxide and the reaction product(s). At least one carbon dioxide-rich first recycle stream is formed from fluid from the synthesis output stream and fluid from the first recycle stream is subjected to the steam reforming process. 1. A process for preparing one or more reaction products , in which a first methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a partial oxidation process and/or an autothermal reforming process and a second methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a steam reforming process , and in which a first synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed by means of the partial oxidation process and/or the autothermal reforming process and a second synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed by means of the steam reforming process , where synthesis gas from the first output stream and synthesis gas from the second output stream are used to form a collective synthesis gas stream and fluid from the collective synthesis gas stream is subjected to a molecular weight-increasing reaction in a synthesis feed stream to obtain a synthesis output stream comprising carbon dioxide and the reaction products , characterized in that at least one carbon dioxide-rich first recycle stream is formed from fluid from the synthesis output stream , ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO SYNGAS TO OLEFIN PRODUCTION

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, is a system utilized to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons. 1. A method comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a) providing natural gas comprising methane and N;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) removing at least a portion of the Nfrom the natural gas, thereby producing a first gas comprising methane and less than about 2 mole % of N;'}{'sub': '2', 'c) converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO;'}{'sub': '2', 'd) converting at least a portion of the synthesis gas to a first product stream comprising methane, C2-C9 hydrocarbons, C10+ hydrocarbons, unreacted synthesis gas, and CO; and'}e) separating at least a portion of the methane from the first product stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO is performed by a partial oxidation process in a partial oxidation reactor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method further comprises the steps of:f) separating at least a portion of the C10+ hydrocarbons from the first product stream; and{'sub': '2', 'g) recycling at least a portion of the separated C10+ hydrocarbons back into the step of converting at least a portion of the first gas to synthesis gas comprising Hand CO is performed by partial oxidation process in a partial oxidation reactor.'}4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises less than about 1.5 mole % of N.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 80 wt % of the first gas is converted to the synthesis gas comprising Hand CO.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product stream comprises at least about 60 wt % of C2-C5 hydrocarbons.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product stream comprises from about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % of C2-C5 olefins.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A hydrogen generator has: a reformer that produces hydrogen-containing gas from raw material gas through reforming; a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the reformer; a hydro-desulfurizer that removes sulfur from the raw material gas through hydrodesulfurization; a recycle flow passage through which recycle gas as a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the hydro-desulfurizer; a raw material gas flow detector that detects the flow rate of the raw material gas, the raw material gas flow detector located somewhere in a flow passage for the raw material gas upstream of a junction of the recycle gas and the raw material gas; and a controller that controls the flow rate of the recycle gas in accordance with the temperature of the reformer, the flow rate of the raw material gas, and the flow rate of the recycle gas. 1. A hydrogen generator comprising:a reformer that produces hydrogen-containing gas from raw material gas through reforming;a temperature detector that detects a temperature of the reformer;a hydro-desulfurizer that removes sulfur from the raw material gas through hydrodesulfurization;a recycle flow passage through which recycle gas as a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the hydro-desulfurizer;a raw material gas flow detector that detects a flow rate of the raw material gas, the raw material gas flow detector located somewhere in a flow passage for the raw material gas upstream of a junction of the recycle gas and the raw material gas; anda controller that controls a flow rate of the recycle gas in accordance with the temperature of the reformer, the flow rate of the raw material gas, and the flow rate of the recycle gas.2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , wherein the controller controls the flow rate of the recycle gas to keep a hydrogen content of a raw material after return constant.3. The hydrogen generator according to claim 2 , wherein the controller controls the flow rate of the recycle ...

Apparatus for steam-methane reforming

Apparatuses for use in plants for processing methane, the apparatuses comprising a plurality of reaction modules each including a plurality of Fischer-Tropsch reactors operable to convert a gaseous mixture including carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a liquid hydrocarbon. Each module may be disconnected and taken away for servicing while allowing the plant to continue to operate. In some of the apparatuses, each Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises a plurality of metal sheets arranged as a stack to define first and second flow channels for flow of respective fluids, the channels being arranged alternately to ensure good thermal contact between the fluids in the channels.

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

Membrane-Based Gas Separation Processes to Separate Dehydrogenation Reaction Products

Gas separation processes are provided for separating dehydrogenation reaction products from a raw gas stream to recover hydrocarbons, specifically olefins, such as propylene and iso-butene, as well as unreacted feedstock. The processes employ a sequence of partial condensation steps, interspersed with membrane separation steps to raise the hydrocarbon dewpoint of the uncondensed gas, thereby avoiding the use of low-temperature or cryogenic conditions.

FISCHER-TROPSCH BASED GAS TO LIQUIDS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

A method for generating hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (Ccompounds) comprises directing a natural gas feed stream from a non-Fischer Tropsch process and comprising methane and Ccompounds to at least one separation unit to separate the methane from the Ccompounds. The separated Ccompounds are directed to a fractionation unit to separate the separated Ccompounds into individual streams. The separated methane is directed to a synthesis gas (syngas) unit to partially oxidize the methane to hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are subsequently directed to a Fischer-Tropsch unit comprising a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. In the Fischer-Tropsch unit, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide react to generate Ccompounds in a Fischer-Tropsch process. The Ccompounds are directed to the fractionation unit to separate the generated Ccompounds into streams each comprising a subset of the generated Ccompounds. 140.-. (canceled)41. A method for generating hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (Ccompounds) , comprising:{'sub': 2+', '2+, '(a) directing a natural gas feed stream comprising methane and Ccompounds to at least one separation unit to separate said methane from said Ccompounds, wherein said natural gas feed stream is from a non-Fischer-Tropsch process;'}{'sub': '2', '(b) directing at least a portion of said methane separated in (a) to a syngas unit, and in said syngas unit partially oxidizing said methane to hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO);'}{'sub': '2+', '(c) directing said hydrogen and carbon monoxide to a Fischer-Tropsch unit comprising a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, and in said Fischer-Tropsch unit reacting said hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a Fischer-Tropsch process to generate a product stream comprising Ccompounds; and'}{'sub': 2+', '2+', '2+, '(d) directing said Ccompounds separated in (a) and said product stream comprising said Ccompounds generated in (c) to a fractionation unit, and in said fractionation unit ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING A HYDROGEN-ENRICHED PRODUCT AND RECOVERING CO2 IN A HYDROGEN PROUCTION PROCESS UNIT

A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering COfrom an effluent stream from a hydrogen production process unit are described. The process utilizes a COrecovery system integrated with a PSA system that produces at least two product streams to recover additional hydrogen and COfrom the tail gas stream of a hydrogen PSA unit in the hydrogen production process. 1. A method of producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering COcomprising:processing a feed stream comprising hydrocarbons or a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydrogen production process unit to produce a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water, and at least one of methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and argon;separating an effluent stream comprising the synthesis gas from the hydrogen production process unit in a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit into a first high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen and a hydrogen depleted tail gas stream comprising a portion of the hydrogen, the carbon dioxide, the water, and the at least one of the methane, the carbon monoxide, the nitrogen, and the argon;compressing the hydrogen depleted tail gas stream in a compressor to form a compressed tail gas stream;{'sub': 2', '2, 'separating the compressed tail gas stream in a COrecovery system into a CO-enriched product stream and an overhead stream comprising the portion of the hydrogen, a portion of the carbon dioxide, and the at least one of the methane, the carbon monoxide, the nitrogen, and the argon;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'separating the overhead stream from the COrecovery system in a PSA system that produces at least two product streams into at least a second high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen, and a low-pressure COstream enriched in carbon dioxide;'}recovering the second high-pressure hydrogen stream; and{'sub': '2', 'optionally recycling the low-pressure COstream to the compressor.'}2. The method of wherein the PSA system that ...

METHOD OF RECOVERING A HYDROGEN ENRICHED PRODUCT AND CO2 IN A HYDROGEN PRODUCTION UNIT

A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering COfrom an effluent stream from a hydrogen production unit are described. The effluent from the hydrogen production unit, which comprises a mixture of gases comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water, and at least one of methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and argon, is sent to a PSA system that produces at least two product streams for separation. The PSA system that produces at least two product streams separates the gas mixture into a high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen, optionally a second gas stream containing the majority of the impurities, and a low-pressure tail gas stream enriched in COand some impurities. The CO-rich tail gas stream is compressed and sent to a COrecovery unit, where a CO-enriched stream is recovered. The CO-depleted overhead gas stream is recycled to the PSA system that produces at least two product streams. 1. A method of producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering COfrom an effluent stream of a hydrogen production unit comprising:processing a feed stream comprising hydrocarbons or a carbonaceous feedstock in the hydrogen production unit to produce a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and at least one of methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and argon;separating the effluent stream comprising the synthesis gas in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system that produces at least two product streams into at least a high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen, and a hydrogen-depleted low-pressure tail gas stream enriched in carbon dioxide;compressing the hydrogen depleted low-pressure tail gas stream in a compressor to form a compressed tail gas stream;{'sub': 2', '2, 'separating the compressed tail gas stream in a COrecovery system into a CO-enriched product stream and an overhead stream comprising a portion of the hydrogen, a portion of the carbon dioxide, and the at least one of the methane, the carbon ...

Methane rich gas upgrading to methanol

A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol, including the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed gas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed gas in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed gas together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis unit to provide a product including methanol and an off-gas. Also, a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol. 1. A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed gas to methanol , comprising the steps of:a1) providing a hydrocarbon feed gas,{'sub': '2', 'b1) optionally, providing COto the process,'}b2) optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed gas in a gas purification unit,b3) optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed gas together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit, c1) supplying said hydrocarbon feed gas to the reforming reactor,', 'c2) allowing the hydrocarbon feed gas to undergo steam methane reforming reaction over the structured catalyst and outletting a synthesis gas from the reforming reactor, and', 'c3) supplying electrical power via electrical conductors connecting an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell to said structured catalyst, allowing an electrical current to run through said macroscopic structure material, thereby heating at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500° C.,, 'c) carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor with a comprising a pressure shell housing a structured catalyst arranged to catalyze steam reforming of said hydrocarbon feed gas, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of an electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, where said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; said steam methane reforming comprising ...

HYDROGEN PURIFICATION

A plant and method for hydrogen purification are provided, which comprise a Swing Adsorption (SA) stage and a recycle of purged gaseous impurities. 1. A plant for providing an H-rich gas stream from a hydrocarbon feed , said plant comprising:a reformer section arranged to receive said hydrocarbon feed and reform it in at least one reforming step conducted at a first pressure to provide a synthesis gas stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a COremoval stage, arranged to receive the synthesis gas stream from said reformer section and separate COfrom the synthesis gas stream, so as to provide a CO-rich stream and a CO-poor stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a swing adsorption (SA) stage, said SA stage comprising an adsorption material and a first purge stream with a pressure equal to or higher than the first pressure; and being arranged to receive the CO-poor stream from the COremoval stage;'} [{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': '2', 'at least a portion of the gaseous impurities from said CO-poor stream, and'}, {'sub': 2', '2, 'a portion of the hydrogen from said CO-poor stream are adsorbed onto said adsorption material, thus providing an H-rich stream;'}], 'in said first state, the CO-poor stream is arranged to contact the adsorption material so that;'}, 'in said second state, the first purge stream is arranged to contact the adsorption material so that at least a portion of the adsorbed gaseous impurities and at least a portion of said adsorbed hydrogen are released from said adsorption material and into the first purge stream; thereby providing a first recycle stream comprising said first purge stream, hydrogen and said gaseous impurities;, 'wherein said SA stage comprises a first state and a second state, wherein;'}said plant being arranged to recycle said first recycle stream to the reformer section as feed for the reforming step.2. The plant according to claim 1 , wherein the SA staged is arranged to alternate between said first and second states.3. The plant according to ...

Method and system for producing methanol using partial oxidation

A method and system for producing methanol that employs steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or autothermal (ATR) synthesis gas production system, together with a partial oxidation system, is disclosed. The dual mode system and method for producing the synthesis gas in a methanol production process optimizes the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant by using the partial oxidation based reforming system as an independent source of synthesis gas. The disclosed methods and systems are configurable either as a retrofit to existing methanol production facilities or as an integrated package into newly constructed methanol production facilities.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased. 134-. (canceled)35. A method for producing a fermentation product comprising:a) providing biomass; releasing fermentable sugars from the biomass to produce a first mixture comprising the released fermentable sugars;', 'subjecting at least the released fermentable sugars to a fermentation to produce a second mixture comprising the fermentation product;, 'b) converting part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a first process, the first process comprisingc) recovering the fermentation product from the second mixture to produce recovered fermentation product and still bottoms;d) subjecting the first mixture, the second mixture, the still bottoms, or a combination thereof to a solids-liquid separation to produce solids and liquid; subjecting at least the solids from the solids-liquid separation to a thermal process to produce syngas;', 'subjecting one or more components of the syngas to a gas fermentation, the gas fermentation producing an aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product; and, 'e) converting another part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a second process, the second process comprisingf) using at least part of the aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product produced from the second process in the first process such that the fermentation product from the first and second processes are recovered together.36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein ...

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS THROUGH FT BASED SYNTHESIS

The present disclosures and inventions relate to a method that includes the steps of: a) introducing a natural gas; b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas; c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising an olefin; wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst; wherein waste water is produced prior to step d); and d) recovering the waste water; wherein some or all of the recovered waste water is added to the natural gas prior to being introduced. 1. A method comprising:a) introducing a natural gas;b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas;c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising at least one olefin;wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst;wherein waste water is produced prior to step d); andd) recovering the waste water; wherein some or all of the recovered waste water is added to the natural gas prior to being introduced.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises recovering carbon dioxide using an acid gas removal process.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein some of the recovered waste water is recycled as steam in step b).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein some of the recovered waste water further comprises an alcohol or a hydrocarbon claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the alcohol or the hydrocarbon claim 4 , or a combination thereof is reformed in step b) with the natural gas.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises purifying the product mixture by a cryogenic separation process.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the purifying the product mixture comprises separating methane claim 6 , nitrogen claim 6 , hydrogen claim 6 , or carbon monoxide claim 6 , or a ...

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Cement Processing

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for cement production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements including increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, and simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS THROUGH FT BASED SYNTHESIS

The present disclosures and inventions relate to a method comprising: a) introducing a natural gas; b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas; c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising at least one olefin and a byproduct comprising a paraffin and a gasoline; wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst; and d) converting the byproduct to syngas. 1. A method comprising:a) introducing a natural gas;b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas;c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising at least one olefin and a byproduct comprising a paraffin and a gasoline; wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst; andd) converting the byproduct to syngas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method produces waste water prior to step d).3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the method recovers the waste water; wherein some or all of the recovered waste water is used to saturate the natural gas prior to being introduced.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) claim 1 , the converting the byproduct to syngas comprises partially oxidizing the byproduct and recycling the partially oxidized byproduct to after step b) and before step c).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) claim 1 , the converting the byproduct to syngas comprises hydrogenation and pre-reforming of the byproduct and recycling the hydrogenated and pre-reformed byproduct to before step b).6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises recovering carbon dioxide using an acid gas removal process.7. The method according to claim 3 , wherein some of the recovered waste water is recycled as steam in step b).8. The method according to claim 3 , wherein some of the recovered waste water ...

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE COMBINED PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND CARBON DIOXIDE

In a method for the combined production of ammonia synthesis gas and carbon dioxide from a mixture of hydrocarbons, the cooled mixture from a reverse conversion is separated in an adsorption unit by pressure modulation (or PSA) producing a hydrogen-enriched flow having a purity at least equal to 98% and a residual gas, the residual gas is processed to produce carbon dioxide and a gas containing nitrogen and methane and at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched flow and at least a portion of the gas containing nitrogen and methane are mixed to form an ammonia synthesis gas. 114-. (canceled)15. A method for the combined production of ammonia synthesis gas and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture , the method comprising the steps of:reforming the hydrocarbon mixture in a reformer operating at a reforming pressure to produce a hot mixture consisting essentially of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and steam and then cooling the hot mixture to produce a cooled mixture;obtaining the cooled mixture from a reverse conversion and purifying the cooled mixture in an adsorption unit by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) allowing a hydrogen-enriched flow to be produced at a purity at least equal to 98% and a tail gas called a PSA tail, the PSA tail comprising carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, at a pressure of the order of 1 to 3 bar abs; and [{'sub': '2', 'compressing the PSA tail up to a pressure greater than the reforming pressure such that the partial pressure of the COis between about 25 and 35 bar;'}, 'drying the compressed PSA tail by removing water to produce a dry gas;', 'one or more successive condensation/separation steps, such that', [{'sub': 2', '2, 'condensing all or part of the COcontained in the gas coming from the previous step to form a CO-rich condensate, followed by'}, {'sub': '2', 'separating the CO-rich condensate from the separation with the gas phase containing the non-condensable compounds,'}], 'each of the ...

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO 2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO 2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing hydrocarbonaceous carbons. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during the synthesis process.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICAL PRODUCT

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which can be used for improving energy efficiency in production of a chemical product. The apparatus 1 for producing a chemical product comprises a synthesis gas generation unit 11, a synthesis unit 16, and a reforming unit 12. The synthesis gas generation unit 11 generates a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of these carbon sources. The synthesis unit 16 subjects the provided synthesis gas to catalytic reaction so as to synthesize a chemical product. The reforming unit 1 reforms hydrocarbons generated in at least one of the synthesis gas generation unit 11 and the synthesis unit 16 into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and feeds them into the synthesis unit 16. The reforming unit 12 reforms the hydrocarbons by utilizing heat exhausted from the synthesis gas generation unit 11. 1. An apparatus for producing a chemical product , comprising:a synthesis gas generation unit for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbon source;a synthesis unit for synthesizing a chemical product by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction; anda reforming unit for reforming hydrocarbons generated in at least one of the synthesis gas generation unit and the synthesis unit into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and feeding the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen into the synthesis unit,the reforming unit being configured to reform the hydrocarbons by utilizing heat exhausted from the synthesis gas generation unit.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reforming unit reforms the hydrocarbons which are generated in and exhausted from both of the synthesis gas generation unit and the synthesis unit.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reforming unit is configured to reform the hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the reforming unit is configured to reform methane.5. A method for producing a chemical product claim 3 , comprising:a step of ...

PLASMA ARC FURNACE AND APPLICATIONS

A Plasma Arc Reformer for creating a useful fuel, such as Methanol, using any of Methane, Municipal Solid Waste, farm or forest waste, coal orchar rock from oil shale production, petrochemical hydrocarbons, (any carbon containing charge), water, and/or Municipal Sewage, as the source material. A High temperature Plasma Arc de-polymerizes the source material into atoms which, upon partial cooling, creates a gas stream rich in CO and H(syngas). Subsequent molecular filter and catalyst stages in the system remove contaminants and produce the output fuel. The system is closed loop with regard to the syngas production in that it recycles the residual unconverted gas and even the exhaust gases if desired. The large amount of heat produced is captured and converted to electric power using a supercritical CORankin cycle resulting in potentially high efficiencies. 1. A method of converting a source fuel into an output fuel using a reformer , said method comprising the steps of:inputting a source fuel into the reformer;inputting a feed material into the reformer;providing one or more heat sources in the reformer for breaking down said source fuel and said feed material into one or more constituent components and/or combinations thereof;converting at least a portion of said one or more constituent components of the feed material and the source fuel and/or the combinations thereof into said output fuel using one or more catalysts;extracting excess heat from the conversion process for performing useful work; andoutputting said output fuel from the reformer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of extracting excess heat includes generating electricity using a Rankin engine.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said Rankin engine is an oscillating disk piston engine driving a generator.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said Rankin engine is driven by carbon dioxide.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said Rankin engine is driven by super critical carbon dioxide.6. The method of ...

PROCESS FOR HIGH-YIELD PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM A SYNTHESIS GAS, AND DEBOTTLENECKING OF AN EXISTING UNIT

Process for debottlenecking a plant that produces hydrogen including reforming of hydrocarbons, then conversion of CO, purification of hydrogen by PSA-H2 for the production of a high-pressure gaseous stream of ultra-pure hydrogen with associated production of a low-pressure residue, the two major constituents of which are carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the debottlenecking of the plant is carried out by installing, level with the PSA residue, an EHS electrochemical cell for supplying, from the PSA residue, hydrogen and a hydrogen-depleted residue, the additional hydrogen stream recovered in the EHS cell is compressed and sent to the inlet of the PSA unit thus increasing the hydrogen production of the plant while keeping the purity of the hydrogen produced by the PSA unchanged. The invention also relates to a process and a plant for producing hydrogen having an optimized hydrogen yield. 111.-. (canceled)131. The debottlenecking method as claimed in claim , wherein , in the event of production of excess hydrogen , the operation of the electrochemical hydrogen purification cell is interrupted so as to optimize the power consumption of the plant14. A hydrogen production process comprising the steps of:a) generating, by reforming, a synthesis gas from a light hydrocarbon feedstock,b) enriching the synthesis gas with hydrogen and carbon dioxide by steam conversion of the carbon monoxide to give carbon dioxide,c) purifying the enriched synthesis gas for the production of a high-pressure gas stream of ultrapure hydrogen by pressure swing adsorption with associated production of a low-pressure gaseous PSA waste, the two major constituents of which are carbon dioxide and hydrogen,d) supplying an electrochemical cell with at least part of the low-pressure PSA waste in order to recover additional hydrogen from the PSA waste, and a hydrogen-depleted waste,e) compressing the additional hydrogen recovered to a pressure of between 8 bar and 25 barg, andf) recycling all or part of the ...

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING STEAM METHANE REFORMER

An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture includes a steam methane reformer and a COpump that comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream including oxygen and carbon dioxide and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream that includes greater than 95% hydrogen. 1. An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture comprising:a steam methane reformer; and{'sub': '2', 'a COpump comprising an anode and a cathode;'}wherein the cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream;wherein the first exhaust stream comprises oxygen and carbon dioxide; andwherein the second exhaust stream comprises greater than 95% hydrogen.2. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump comprises a reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system.3. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reforming-electrolyzer-purifier system comprises a molten carbonate fuel cell running in reverse.4. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the reformed gas comprises a natural gas claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , carbon monoxide and water.5. (canceled)6. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the COpump is configured to convert the residual methane from the steam methane reformer to hydrogen and to convert the carbon monoxide to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.7. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the first exhaust stream comprises greater than about 95% of the feed carbon dioxide.8. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is configured to output a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a ratio of between approximately 1:1 and 4:1.9. (canceled)10. The integrated system of claim 8 , wherein the system further includes a mechanism for transporting the carbon dioxide and oxygen back to the reformer.11. ...

Gas separation apparatus, membrane reactor, and hydrogen production apparatus

In a gas separation apparatus that separates carbon dioxide and water vapor from a first mixture gas containing at least carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor, the energy utilization efficiency thereof is improved. The gas separation apparatus is constructed to include a first separation membrane 33 and a second separation membrane 34 that are made of different materials. When the first mixture gas is supplied, the first separation membrane 33 separates a second mixture gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor that permeate through the first separation membrane by allowing carbon dioxide and water vapor to permeate selectively. When the second mixture gas is supplied, the second separation membrane 34 separates water vapor that permeates through the second separation membrane 34 by allowing water vapor to permeate selectively.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CARBON MONOXIDE

A method and apparatus for producing carbon monoxide, wherein the carbon monoxide is formed from a gaseous feed which includes at least carbon dioxide. The method includes supplying oxygen to a carbon dioxide stream for forming a carbon dioxide based mixture, supplying the carbon dioxide based mixture to a hydrogen based stream to form the gaseous feed, supplying a hydrocarbon containing stream to the hydrogen based stream before the supply of the carbon dioxide based mixture, feeding the gaseous feed into a reactor which includes at least one catalyst, treating the gaseous feed by partial oxidation in the reactor so that carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen in the reactor in presence of oxygen and heat is formed during the reaction, and recovering a product composition including at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the reactor. 1. A method for producing carbon monoxide , wherein the carbon monoxide is formed from a gaseous feed which comprises at least carbon dioxide , wherein the method comprisessupplying oxygen to a carbon dioxide stream for forming a carbon dioxide based mixture,supplying the carbon dioxide based mixture to a hydrogen based stream to form the gaseous feed,supplying a hydrocarbon containing stream to the hydrogen based stream before the supply of the carbon dioxide based mixture,feeding the gaseous feed into a reactor which comprises at least one catalyst,treating the gaseous feed by means of a partial oxidation in the reactor so that carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen in the re-actor in presence of oxygen and heat is formed during the reaction, andrecovering a product composition comprising at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the reactor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous feed is fed with high velocity to the reactor such that the velocity of the gas stream is ≥0.5 m/s.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a treatment temperature is 800-1500° C. in the reactor.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Formulation in a GTL Environment

An enhanced natural gas processing method using Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. A selection of natural gas, separately or combined with portions of natural gas liquids and FT naphtha and FT vapours are destroyed in a syngas generator and used or recycled as feedstock to an Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. The process enhancement results are the maximum production of formulated syndiesel without the presence or formation of low value by-products. 1. A method for producing synthetic hydrocarbons comprising:providing a hydrocarbon source consisting essentially of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, pentane plus or mixtures thereof to a syngas generator comprising steam methane reformer under conditions to produce a hydrogen-rich syngas stream; andcatalytically converting the hydrogen rich syngas stream in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce synthetic hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source is extracted from natural gas.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the extracted natural gas produces a gas phase consisting essentially of methane claim 2 , and a liquid phase consisting essentially of ethane claim 2 , propane claim 2 , butane claim 2 , pentane claim 2 , pentane plus or mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source consists essentially of ethane.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source consists essentially of propane.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source consists essentially of butane.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source consists essentially of pentane.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon source consists essentially of pentane plus.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a scrubbing unit to remove one or more components from the syngas stream.10. The ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING HIGH-PURITY CO2 IN A HYDROCARBON FACILITY

Embodiments of methods for capturing high-purity COin a hydrocarbon facility and related systems are provided. The method comprises operating a hydrogen plant to generate a high-purity hydrogen stream and a COrich stream with a COconcentration above 30%; introducing the high-purity hydrogen stream into an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell; introducing the COrich stream and Ointo a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell; reacting COand Owithin the cathode to produce carbonate and a cathode exhaust stream from a cathode outlet; reacting carbonate from the cathode with Hwithin the anode to produce electricity and an anode exhaust stream from an anode outlet, the anode exhaust stream comprising COand HO; separating the COin the anode exhaust stream in one or more separators to form a pure COstream and a HO stream; and collecting the pure COstream. 1. A method for capturing high-purity COin a hydrocarbon facility , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'operating a hydrogen plant to generate a hydrogen stream and a COrich stream with a COconcentration above 25%;'}introducing the hydrogen stream into an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'reacting COfrom the COrich stream and Owithin the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell to produce carbonate;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'reacting carbonate from the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell with Hwithin the anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell to produce an anode exhaust stream, the anode exhaust stream comprising COand HO;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'separating the COin the anode exhaust stream in one or more separators to form a pure COstream and a HO stream, the pure COstream having a purity of 80% to 100% on a molar basis; and'}{'sub': '2', 'collecting the pure COstream.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen stream comprises at least 95% hydrogen gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises providing the HO stream from the separator to a steam ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RECYCLING PRESSURE SWING ABSORBER OFF-GAS

A method and system for an enhanced reforming process employing a pressure swing absorber. An off-gas from the pressure swing absorber is divided with a first portion sent back into a reforming reactor and a second portion sent to a heat generator for the reforming process. The first off-gas portion from the pressure swing absorber can be pressurized by a compressor and reintroduced into a fluidized bed reactor. 1. In a sorbent enhanced reforming process employing a pressure swing absorber (PSA) , an improvement comprising:recycling at least a first portion of a PSA off-gas stream produced by the pressure swing absorber to a reforming reactor of the reforming process.2. The improvement of claim 1 , wherein the pressure swing absorber separates H2 from a non-purified product gas of the sorbent enhanced reforming process to provide the PSA off-gas stream.3. The improvement of claim 1 , wherein a second portion of the PSA off-gas stream is introduced to a firebox of the sorbent enhanced reforming process.4. The improvement of claim 3 , wherein a portion of a purified H2 product from the pressure swing absorber is introduced to the second portion of the PSA off-gas stream.5. The improvement of claim 3 , wherein the firebox heats at least one of a sorbent or a stream for the sorbent enhanced reforming process.6. The improvement of claim 1 , wherein the recycled first portion of the PSA off-gas stream undergoes compression processing prior to introduction into the reforming reactor.7. The improvement of claim 6 , wherein the reforming reactor comprises a fluidized bed reactor.8. The improvement of claim 7 , wherein the compressed recycled first portion of the PSA off-gas stream is heated and introduced with a superheated steam and natural gas feed to the fluidized bed reactor.9. The improvement of claim 6 , wherein the compressed recycled first portion of the PSA off gas stream undergoes H2 separation processing prior to introduction into the reforming reactor.10. The ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A PARAFFIN PRODUCT

The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock. 1. A process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the following steps:i. Converting a carbonaceous feedstock such as a gas mixture comprising natural gas to obtain a mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide,ii. Performing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction using the mixture as obtained in step i. and recovering an off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction and a paraffin product,iii. Feeding said off-gas to a gas separation unit comprising at least one gas separating membrane;iv. Obtaining from said gas separation unit a permeate gas and a retentate gas;v. Adding at least a part of said retentate gas to the carbonaceous feedstock to be converted in step i.2. The process according to wherein the off-gas comprises water claim 1 , methane claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , C2-C5 hydrocarbons argon and nitrogen claim 1 , 10-50 vol % carbon dioxide claim 1 , 0.1-65 vol % carbon monoxide claim 1 , 1-80 vol % hydrogen claim 1 , up to 2 vol % C2-C5 hydrocarbons claim 1 , 1-55 vol % nitrogen and up to 3 vol % of argon claim 1 , based on the total volume of the off-gas.3. The process according to wherein the retentate gas comprises at least carbon monoxide claim 2 , methane and hydrocarbons.4. The process according to wherein the gas separation membrane is a carbon molecular sieve membrane.5. The process ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Synthesis gas containing nitrogen as the majority component is processed to increase the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other contaminants are subsequently removed by a purification unit to produce a purified hydrogen gas stream. A recycle stream within the purification unit helps achieve a hydrogen purity greater than 99.9 percent, and hydrogen recovery greater than 99 percent. 1. A method for producing a purified hydrogen gas stream , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'flowing a feed gas containing nitrogen gas (N) as the majority component, hydrogen gas (H), and carbon monoxide (CO) and having an initial Hto CO ratio into a processing unit to produce an enhanced gas containing carbon dioxide (CO) and having a second Hto CO ratio greater than the initial Hto CO ratio;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'flowing the enhanced gas into a purification unit comprising a Nremoval unit to remove Nand a COremoval unit to remove CO, wherein the purification unit produces a purified hydrogen gas stream and a tail gas; and'}{'sub': '2', 'recycling at least a portion of the tail gas to a point upstream of the Nremoval unit.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the enhanced gas into the purification unit comprises flowing the enhanced gas into the Nremoval unit to produce a permeate stream and a retentate stream claim 1 , and flowing the permeate stream into the COremoval unit to produce the purified hydrogen gas stream and the tail gas.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising flowing a fuel and an oxidizer into a syngas reaction unit to produce the feed gas.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the syngas reaction unit is an internal combustion engine.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial Hto CO ratio is selected from the group consisting of: about 1 to about 3; and about 1.5 to about 2.5.10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HYDROCARBON PRODUCT FLOW FROM A GASEOUS HYDROCARBONACEOUS FEED FLOW AND RELATED INSTALLATION

The process comprises: 1. A process for producing a hydrocarbon product flow from a gaseous hydrocarbonaceous feed flow , the process comprising:introducing the feed flow in a synthesis gas generation unit to form a synthesis gas flow by reforming and/or partial oxidation of the feed flow;introducing the synthesis gas flow in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, to form the hydrocarbon product flow;forming a Fischer Tropsch offgas flow from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit;separating the Fischer Tropsch offgas flow into a Fischer Tropsch offgas recycle flow and a Fischer Tropsch tail gas flow;recycling the Fischer Tropsch offgas recycle flow in the synthesis gas flow fed to the Fischer Tropsch synthesis unit;at least partially removing carbon dioxide from a first flow formed from the Fischer-Tropsch tail gas flow in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a carbon dioxide depleted flow;forming a tail gas recycle flow from the carbon dioxide depleted flow;introducing the tail gas recycle flow in the synthesis gas generation unit and/or in the synthesis gas flow,adjusting the carbon dioxide content in the tail gas recycle flow to control the hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio in the synthesis gas flow to a target hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio.2. The process according to claim 1 , comprising:forming a bypass flow from the tail gas flow to bypass the carbon dioxide removal unit;mixing the carbon dioxide depleted flow with the bypass flow to form the tail gas recycle flow;the adjusting of the carbon dioxide content including controlling the relative flowrates of the bypass flow and of the carbon dioxide depleted flow as a function of the target hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in the synthesis gas.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide volume content in the tail gas recycle flow is smaller than 30% molar.4. The process according to wherein said carbon dioxide volume content is smaller than 20% molar.5. The process according to claim ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN WITH TOTAL RECOVERY OF CO2 AND RECYCLING OF UNCONVERTED METHANE

This invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam comprising: 1. A process for the production of hydrogen from natural gas and water vapor comprising:producing a synthesis gas in a vapor-reforming unit of the hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of water vapor, whereby a fuel provides heat necessary for reaction,shift conversion of the synthesis gas that is obtained to produce a stream containing additional hydrogen, additional carbon dioxide and residual methane,at 0-60° C. and a pressure of 0.2-6 MPa recovering carbon dioxide and methane, present in the stream that is obtained in the shift conversion, in the form of hydrates in the presence of a non-water miscible solvent and at least one amphiphilic compound, and separating a stream enriched in hydrogen,simultaneously regenerating methane and carbon dioxide at 0-40° C. and a pressure of 0.2-6 MPa,recycling a methane stream obtained by regeneration to input of vapor reforming, a non-ionic amphiphilic halogenated or perhalogenated compound', 'an ionizabel amphiphilic compound forming an anionic compound,', 'a perfluorinated cationic or anionic amphiphilic halogenated compound,', 'an amphiphilic perfluoropolyether having 1, 2 or 3 lateral hudrophobic chains,', 'an amphiphilic ethoxylated fluoroalcohol,', 'an amphiphilic fluorinated sulfonamide or, 'the amphiphilic compound being'}a fluorinated carboxamide.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The process for the production of hydrogen according to claim 1 , comprising producing electricity from the stream enriched in hydrogen obtained in the recovery of carbon dioxide and methane.12. The process for the production of hydrogen according to claim 11 , in which the production of electricity is carried out by sending the stream enriched in hydrogen into a combustion chamber.13. The process for the production of hydrogen according ...

Apparatus and Method Related to Carbon Dioxide Removal

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for removing CO 2 from products by using a first acid gas absorber and a second acid gas absorber, which are both a part of a single acid gas removal unit.

Energy storage using an rep with an engine

An energy storage system includes a power plant configured to generate an exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide. The energy storage system further includes a first fuel cell configured to operate in reverse as an electrolyzer. The first fuel cell is configured to receive at least a portion of the exhaust gas from the power plant. An anode is configured to receive carbon dioxide via the exhaust gas and methane from a separate feed, and the anode is configured to output a hydrogen-containing gas mixture. The energy storage system further includes a reformer configured to methanate the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to convert substantially all of the carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to methane. The energy storage system further includes a second fuel cell operating in reverse as a hydrogen pump, the second fuel cell configured to separate hydrogen from a gas mixture output by the reformer.

Method and System For Combined Hydrogen and Electricity Production Using Petroleum Fuels

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system including a steam reformer, a hydrogen purification system, a pre-reformer, and a solid oxide fuel cell. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system comprising: catalytic reactor tubes, where the catalytic reactor tubes are operable to receive steam and a hydrocarbon feed and are operable to convert hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon feed into hydrogen to produce a reformer syngas, the reformer syngas comprising hydrogen; and', 'a combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber is thermally coupled to the catalytic reactor tubes, is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed, an oxygen feed, and an anode exhaust gas, and is operable to produce a flue gas, the flue gas comprising carbon dioxide;, 'a steam reformer, the steam reformer comprisinga hydrogen purification system, where the hydrogen purification system is operable to receive the reformer syngas and is operable to produce a purified hydrogen gas and an off-gas stream, the off-gas stream comprising methane;a pre-reformer, where the pre-reformer is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed and the anode exhaust gas and is operable to produce a pre-reformer syngas, the pre-reformer syngas comprising methane; and 'where the anode side inlet is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen purification system and the pre-reformer and is operable to receive an anode feed, the anode feed comprising a mixture of the off-gas stream and the pre-reformer syngas.', 'where the anode side is operable to produce the anode exhaust gas, the anode exhaust gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides, and comprises an anode side inlet,'}, 'a solid oxide fuel cell, where the solid oxide fuel cell is operable to electrochemically convert methane and water into hydrogen and carbon oxides to produce electrical power and where the solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode side,'}2. The SOFC system of claim 1 , further comprising: 'where the electrolysis cell is operable to receive water, is electrically coupled to the ...

Method of chemical looping reforming at low temperatures with hydrogen from water splitting

Chemical looping reform methods comprising heating an oxygen carrier in the presence of a catalyst and plasma radicals to react the oxygen carrier with a fuel to provide a reduced oxygen carrier; and contacting the reduced oxygen carrier with water or carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen or carbon monoxide, respectively, and regenerate the oxygen carrier. The chemical looping reform methods are carried out at low temperatures such as from 150° C. to 1000° C., preferably from 150° C. to 500° C. Catalyst used in the chemical looping reform methods include a sintered rare earth metal oxide oxygen carrier and perovskite. Methods of preparing the catalyst are also provided.

Process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the fischer-tropsch process integrated into refineries

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS WITH VARIABLE COMPOSITION

A process and a plant for the continuous conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas into a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the H/CO molar ratio of the product gases can be varied within a wide range. This is achieved in that at least a part of a methane-rich gas obtained during the fractionation of the raw synthesis gas is admixed to the feed gas mixture, and that in the alternative 115-. (canceled)16. A process for the continuous conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas into a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen , comprising the following process steps carried out one after the other:a) providing a feed gas mixture which comprises hydrocarbonaceous gas and steam, as well as a heating gas mixture which comprises a fuel gas and an oxygen-rich gas;{'sub': 2', 'B, 'b) splitting the feed gas mixture under reforming conditions by catalytic steam reformation in a tubular reformer fired by burners into a raw synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane, wherein heat necessary for splitting, which is indirectly transmitted to the feed gas mixture, is produced by combustion of the heating gas mixture, wherein in normal operation of the process a base H/CO ratio (V) is obtained,'}c) separating the carbon dioxide from the raw synthesis gas;{'sub': '2', 'd) fractionating the raw synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich gas, a carbon monoxide-rich gas and a methane-rich gas, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas optionally is supplied to a further cleaning step and otherwise is discharged from the process as Hproduct gas, and the carbon monoxide-rich gas is supplied to the further use outside the process as CO product gas;'}{'sub': '2', 'e) optionally cleaning of the hydrogen-rich gas by separating gaseous impurities and admixing the same to the heating gas mixture and discharging the cleaned hydrogen-rich gas as Hproduct gas for the further use outside the process;'}f) admixing at least a part of the methane ...

An Improved Process for Producing Olefins from Syngas

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for producing olefins from syngas. Raw material is treated to produce syngas comprising H, CO and CO. The ratio of Hand CO in the syngas is 1:1. The syngas is contacted with at least one first catalyst to produce an intermediate stream comprising dimethyl ether (DME), and unconverted CO, Hand CO. The unconverted Hand CO is recycled to a first catalyst section and a portion of the separated COis recycled for producing the syngas. The remaining intermediate stream is contacted with at least one second catalyst to produce a second stream comprising olefins, HO, methane, ethane, and propane. HO, methane, ethane, and propane are separated to obtain the olefins. The separated methane, ethane, and propane are further recycled for producing the syngas. The CAPEX and OPEX of the improved process are reduced. 1. An improved process for producing olefins from syngas , said improved process comprising the following steps:{'sup': 2', '2, 'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a) treating raw material, at a temperature in the range of 300° C. to 1000° C. and at a pressure in the range of 1 kg/cmto 80 kg/cm, to produce a first stream, containing syngas comprising H, CO and CO, wherein the ratio of Hand CO in said syngas is 1:1, wherein said raw material is at least one selected from the group consisting of coal, petcoke, biomass, natural gas and liquid fuels;'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'sub': 2', '2, 'b) contacting said syngas with at least one first catalyst, at a temperature in the range of 100° C. to 400° C. and at a pressure in the range of 1 kg/cmto 60 kg/cm, to produce an intermediate stream comprising dimethyl ether (DME), unconverted CO, H, and CO, wherein said at least one first catalyst is selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide, zinc oxide and aluminium oxide;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'c) separating a portion of CO, H, and CO from said intermediate stream and recycling the separated portion of COto step (a) for producing said ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A PARAFFIN PRODUCT

The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock. 1. A system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock comprising the following:i. one or more reactors for converting the carbonaceous feedstock into a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;ii. one or more reactors for conducting a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, comprising a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst;iii. one or more gas separation units comprising a membrane for separating gas;wherein the gas separation unit is connected to the one or more reactors for converting carbonaceous feedstock such that a retentate gas obtained in the one or more gas separation units is provided to said one or more reactors for converting carbonaceous feedstock.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more pretreatment units.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the pretreatment unit comprises an adsorption-based unit.4. The system according to claim 3 , wherein the adsorption-based unit is selected from a thermal swing adsorption unit claim 3 , a pressure swing adsorption unit and an adsorption unit comprising adsorption material which cannot be regenerated.5. The system according to claim 1 , comprising downstream of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and upstream of the gas separation unit at least one CO shift reactor.6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the gas separation membrane is a carbon molecular sieve membrane.7. The system ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS HYDROGASIFICATION

The present invention provides a system and method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass. The method is particularly useful for producing substitute natural gas from forestry residues. Certain disclosed embodiments convert a biomass feedstock into a product hydrocarbon by fast pyrolysis. The resulting pyrolysis gas is converted to the product hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen and steam while simultaneously generating the required hydrogen by reaction with steam under prescribed conditions for self-sufficiency of hydrogen. Methane is a preferred hydrocarbon product. A system also is disclosed for cycling the catalyst between steam reforming, methanation and regeneration zones. 1. A method , comprising:pyrolyzing biomass to produce a pyrolysis gas and char;hydrogasifying the pyrolysis gas in the presence of a catalyst and hydrogen produced by a hydrogen generator powered by a renewable energy source, to produce a gas mixture;separating the gas mixture into a substitute natural gas stream and a residual gas stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substitute natural gas stream comprises methane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residual gas stream comprises water.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residual gas stream comprises a hydrogen rich stream.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising recycling at least a portion of the hydrogen rich stream to produce a recycled hydrogen stream.6. The method of claim 4 , comprising hydrogasifying the pyrolysis gas in the presence of a catalyst claim 4 , the hydrogen claim 4 , and a portion of the recycled hydrogen stream.7. The method of claim 5 , comprising at least partially deoxygenating the hydrogen rich stream prior to recycling.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least partially deoxygenating comprises at least partially removing carbon dioxide and water from the hydrogen rich stream.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising hydrogasifying the pyrolysis gas in the presence the catalyst ...

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A hydrogen generator includes: a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material gas; a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in the raw material gas; a recycle passage through which the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the raw material gas before the raw material gas flows into the hydro-desulfurizer; an ejector which is disposed on a raw material gas passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer and into which the hydrogen-containing gas flows from the recycle passage; and a heater operative to heat the ejector. 1. A hydrogen generator comprising:a reformer operative to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material gas;a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur compound in the raw material gas;a recycle passage through which the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the raw material gas before the raw material gas flows into the hydro-desulfurizer;an ejector which is disposed on a raw material gas passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer and into which the hydrogen-containing gas flows from the recycle passage; anda heater operative to heat the ejector.2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , further comprising a booster operative to supply the raw material gas to the reformer claim 1 , whereinthe ejector is disposed on the raw material gas passage provided downstream of the booster.3. The hydrogen generator according to claim 2 , wherein the heater heats the recycle passage.4. The hydrogen generator according to claim 2 , wherein the heater heats the reformer.5. A fuel cell system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the hydrogen generator according to ; and'}a fuel cell operative to generate electric power by using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein:the fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell;a hot module in which the reformer and the fuel cell are ...

Fuel cell system

A fuel cell system includes: a reformer operative to generate a reformed gas by using a raw material gas; a fuel cell operative to generate electric power by using the reformed gas from the reformer and air; a desulfurizer operative to perform hydrodesulfurization of the raw material gas; a recycled gas passage through which a part of the reformed gas is supplied as a recycled gas to a raw material gas passage provided upstream of the desulfurizer; and a heat exchanger operative to cause the recycled gas flowing through the recycled gas passage to perform heat exchange with one of the raw material gas and the air.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

Methods and devices are provided for producing syngas with an adjustable molar CO/Hratio. Syngas can have different proportions of CO and H(molar CO/Hratio) depending on the type and composition of starting materials. To set the desired molar CO/Hratio, a first sub-process is combined with at least one additional sub-process selected from: a sub-process Tby which a second syngas B is generated from the starting material, the syngas having a molar ratio (V) of CO to H, wherein V≠V; a sub-process Tby which the hydrocarbon(s) of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material is/are split substantially into solid carbon and hydrogen; and a sub-process Tbased on the reaction equation: CO+HO→2CO+H. The methods and devices are suitable for producing syngas useful as a starting material in a plurality of chemical syntheses, for example oxo, Fischer-Tropsch, or Reppe syntheses. 135-. (canceled)36. A method for producing a synthesis gas product having a desired , adjustable molar CO/Hratio denoted by V from a hydrocarbon-containing starting material , the method comprising steps of:dividing the hydrocarbon-containing starting material into sub-streams,{'sub': 1', '2', '1, 'performing a first sub-process Tby which a first synthesis gas A is generated from a first sub-stream of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material, the first synthesis gas A having a molar ratio of CO to Hwhich is denoted by V,'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '2, 'wherein sub-process Tcomprises generating a second synthesis gas B from a second sub-stream of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material, the second synthesis gas B having a molar ratio of CO to Hdenoted by V, wherein V≠V, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'wherein sub-process Tcomprises breaking down hydrocarbon(s) of a further hydrocarbon-containing sub-stream substantially into solid carbon and hydrogen, and'}], 'performing at least one second sub-process selected from sub-process Tand sub-process T,'}{'sub': '2', 'bringing ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

A hydrogen production system including a steam reformer unit, a steam addition line arranged to add steam upstream the steam reformer unit, a hydrogen membrane unit comprising a hydrogen permeable membrane and being arranged to allow at least a part of a reformed stream and a hydrocarbon feed stream to pass on different sides of a hydrogen permeable membrane, so that hydrogen passes from the reformed stream into the hydrocarbon feed stream, thereby forming said hydrogen enriched hydrocarbon stream, and a separation unit downstream the first side of the hydrogen membrane unit, where the separation unit is arranged to separating the reformed stream exiting the first side of the hydrogen membrane unit into a hydrogen product gas and an off-gas. 1. A hydrogen production system comprising:optionally, one or more gas conditioning stages chosen between the following stages: a hydrogenation stage, a desulfurization stage and a prereforming stage, where the most upstream stage of the one or more gas conditioning stages is arranged to receive a hydrogen enriched hydrocarbon stream and to process said hydrocarbon feed stream into a conditioned hydrocarbon stream,a steam reformer unit downstream the one or more optional gas conditioning units,a steam addition line arranged to add steam upstream the steam reformer unit, and a hydrogen membrane unit downstream said steam reformer unit, said hydrogen membrane unit comprising a hydrogen permeable membrane and being arranged to allow at least a part of the reformed stream to pass on a first side of said hydrogen permeable membrane and a hydrocarbon feed stream to pass on a second side of said hydrogen permeable membrane, so that during operation of the system hydrogen passes from the reformed stream on the first side into the hydrocarbon feed stream on the second side, thereby forming said hydrogen enriched hydrocarbon stream, and', 'a separation unit downstream the first side of said hydrogen membrane unit, said separation unit ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD RELATED TO CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for removing COfrom products by using a first acid gas absorber and a second acid gas absorber, which are both a part of a single acid gas removal unit. 1. An apparatus comprising:a) a syngas generation unit for converting a carbon source to syngas and a reactor for converting syngas to hydrocarbons; and 'wherein the first acid gas absorber and the second gas absorber are both in upstream fluid communication with the acid gas stripper.', 'b) an acid gas removal unit comprising a first acid gas absorber, a second acid gas absorber, and an acid gas stripper, wherein the syngas generation unit is in upstream fluid communication with the first acid gas absorber and the reactor is in downstream fluid communication with the first acid gas absorber and in upstream fluid communication with the second acid gas absorber,'}2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the acid gas stripper has a stripped COeffluent that is in fluid communication with the syngas generation unit.3. The apparatus of wherein the apparatus further comprises a compressor that is downstream from the reactor and upstream from the second acid gas absorber.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a condenser that is downstream from the compressor and upstream from the second acid gas absorber.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus does not comprise a compressor that is downstream from the syngas generation unit and upstream from the reactor.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a compressor that is downstream from the acid gas stripper.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first acid gas absorber is a first COabsorber.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second acid gas absorber is a second COabsorber.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a Co/Mn catalyst or a Co/Mo catalyst or a combination thereof.10. The apparatus of ...

Process and device for the combined production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture

The invention relates to a process for the combined production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture, in which the residual gas of a PSA H 2 ( 12 ) is separated by permeation in order to reduce the hydrocarbon content thereof and the hydrocarbon-purified gas is separated at a low temperature to produce a carbon dioxide-rich liquid ( 22 ).

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A fuel cell system includes: a reformer generating a reformed gas using a raw material; a fuel cell generating electric power; a raw material supply passage; a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove sulfur component in the raw material; a recycle passage through which the reformed gas is supplied to the raw material supply passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer; a temperature detector detecting a temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer; and a controller, wherein: when the temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer reaches a predetermined temperature, the controller increases a flow rate of the raw material from a predetermined flow rate by a flow rate corresponding to a flow rate of the recycled gas, and then, the controller starts supplying the recycled gas to the recycle passage; and after the recycled gas reaches an upstream end of the recycle passage, the controller returns the flow rate of the raw material to the predetermined flow rate. 1. A fuel cell system comprising:a reformer operative to generate a reformed gas using a raw material;a fuel cell operative to generate electric power using the reformed gas;a raw material supply passage through which the raw material supplied to the reformer flows;a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove a sulfur component in the raw material supplied to the reformer;a recycle passage through which a part of the reformed gas is supplied as a recycled gas to the raw material supply passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer;a temperature detector operative to detect a temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer; anda controller, wherein:when the temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer reaches a predetermined temperature, the controller increases a flow rate of the raw material from a predetermined flow rate by a flow rate corresponding to a flow rate of the recycled gas, and then, the controller starts supplying the recycled gas to the recycle passage; andafter the recycled gas reaches an upstream end of the recycle ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACETYLENES AND SYNGAS

The invention relates to a continuous method for producing acetylenes and syngas by partially oxidizing hydrocarbons with oxygen. A first feed stream () containing one or more hydrocarbons and a second feed stream () containing oxygen are mixed in a ratio of the mass flows of the second feed stream () to the first feed stream () corresponding to an oxygen number of less than or equal to 0.31, said streams being heated separately from each other, and fed to a combustion chamber (FR) via a burner block (BR), the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons being carried out in said combustion chamber, thereby obtaining a first cracked gas stream I. The invention is characterized in that the first cracked gas stream Iis precooled to a temperature ranging from 100 to 1000° C. in a prequench region (H), thereby obtaining a second cracked gas stream II, 50 to 90% of the solids contained in the second cracked gas stream IIare separated therefrom in a solid-gas separating device (A), thereby obtaining a solid stream Iand a third cracked gas stream III, the third cracked gas stream IIIis cooled to 80 to 90 ° C. by injecting water in a total quench region (B), thereby obtaining a fourth cracked gas stream IVand a first process water stream I, the fourth cracked gas stream IVundergoes a fine separation of solids in one or more scrubbing devices (C, D), thereby obtaining one or more process water streams II, IIIand a product gas stream VI, the process water streams I, II, IIIare merged into a combined process water stream IV, the combined process water stream IVis partly recirculated, as stream V, into the total quench region (B) and otherwise undergoes a cleaning process, as stream VI, by means of a partial evaporation process, thereby obtaining a cleaned process water stream VII, which is cooled by a recooling device (F), partially recycled, as stream VIII, into the method, and otherwise discharged, as stream IX. 2. The continuous process according to claim 1 , wherein stream IXis ...

PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS AND PROCESS FOR STARTING UP A GAS-TO-LIQUID PROCESS

The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming or catalytic partial oxidation in which, after removal of water, effluent gas from the ATR or CPO is recycled to the feed of the ATR or CPO. 1. Process for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising: adding steam to the hydrocarbon feedstock to form a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam , passing said mixture through an autothermal reforming stage (ATR) or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) stage and withdrawing a stream of hot effluent synthesis gas from the ATR or CPO , removing water from said hot effluent synthesis gas to form a dehydrated synthesis gas , and directly recycling at least a portion of said dehydrated synthesis gas into the hydrocarbon feedstock or into said mixture of hydrocarbons and steam , and without passing said dehydrated synthesis gas through a carbon-dioxide removal in the recycle , in which the molar ratio of dehydrated synthesis gas to mixture of hydrocarbons and steam is 0.1 to 2.5.2. Process according to in which the steam to carbon molar ratio at which the ATR or CPO is operated is 0.2 to 3.0.3. Process according to in which the dehydrated synthesis gas is introduced to the hydrocarbon feedstock or mixture of hydrocarbons and steam by a recycle-compressor.4. Process according to in which the dehydrated synthesis gas is introduced to the hydrocarbon feedstock or mixture of hydrocarbons and steam by an ejector.5. Process according to in which prior to removing water from said hot effluent synthesis gas claim 1 , the synthesis gas is cooled claim 1 , preferably by passing the synthesis gas through a cooling train of waste heat boilers and/or steam superheaters.6. Process according to in which the hot effluent synthesis gas is used as heat exchanging medium in a heat exchange reformer operated in series or in parallel with the ATR or CPO.7. Process according to in which said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas ...

FUEL REFORMER

A fuel reformer for producing a steam reforming reaction between fuel and water on a reforming catalyst includes a fuel injection part that injects and supplies fuel into the reforming catalyst, a temperature measurement part that measures a temperature of the reforming catalyst, and a determination part that determines whether a process for recovering the reforming catalyst is necessary. The determination by the determination part is made based on a temperature change of the reforming catalyst when the steam reforming reaction is produced. 1. A fuel reformer for producing a steam reforming reaction between fuel and water on a reforming catalyst , the fuel reformer comprising:a fuel injection part that injects and supplies fuel into the reforming catalyst;a temperature measurement part that measures a temperature of the reforming catalyst; anda determination part that determines whether a process for recovering the reforming catalyst is necessary, wherein the determination by the determination part is made based on a temperature change of the reforming catalyst when the steam reforming reaction is produced.2. The fuel reformer according to claim 1 , wherein the determination by the determination part is made based on a temperature decrease amount of the reforming catalyst when fuel starts to be injected into the reforming catalyst.3. The fuel reformer according to claim 2 , wherein the determination by the determination part is made based on a difference or a ratio between an ideal decrease amount that is preset as the temperature decrease amount when the reforming catalyst is not deteriorated claim 2 , and the temperature decrease amount that is actually measured.4. The fuel reformer according to claim 2 , wherein the determination by the determination part is made based on whether the temperature decrease amount is smaller than a preset threshold value.5. The fuel reformer according to claim 1 , wherein the determination by the determination part is made based on ...

Process For The Production Of Formaldehyde

A process is described for the production of formaldehyde, comprising (a) subjecting methanol to oxidation with air in a formaldehyde production unit thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; (b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) synthesis gas generation, (ii) carbon dioxide removal, (iii) methanol synthesis or (iv) urea synthesis. 1. A process for producing formaldehyde , comprising:(a) oxidizing methanol with air in a formaldehyde production unit, thereby producing a formaldehyde-containing stream; and(b) separating said formaldehyde-containing stream into a formaldehyde product stream and a formaldehyde vent gas stream; wherein the formaldehyde vent gas stream, optionally after treatment in a vent gas treatment unit, is passed to one or more stages of: (i) a synthesis gas generation unit, (ii) a carbon dioxide removal unit, (iii) a methanol synthesis unit or (iv) a urea synthesis unit.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde production unit comprises an oxidation reactor containing a bed of oxidation catalyst and the process is operated with recycle of unreacted gases from a separation unit to the reactor inlet.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the formaldehyde vent gas is used in said unit process after one or more stages of vent gas treatment in a vent-gas treatment unit.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the vent gas treatment unit comprises an emission control system comprising a catalytic combustor to convert the vent stream into carbon dioxide claim 3 , nitrogen and steam.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising recycling the formaldehyde vent gas to the methanol synthesis unit.6. The process of claim 1 , comprising recycling the formaldehyde vent gas to a carbon dioxide removal unit for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis ...

A Process for Oxidative Conversion of Methane to Ethylene

A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising reacting, via OCM, first reactant mixture (CH&O) in first reaction zone comprising OCM catalyst to produce first product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO, and unreacted methane; introducing second reactant mixture comprising first product mixture to second reaction zone excluding catalyst to produce second product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO, and unreacted methane, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first and second reaction zones, wherein ethane of second reactant mixture undergoes cracking to ethylene, wherein COof second reactant mixture undergoes hydrogenation to CO, and wherein an amount of ethylene in the second product mixture is greater than in the first product mixture; recovering methane stream, ethane stream, COstream, ethylene stream, and syngas stream (CO&H) from the second product mixture; and recycling the ethane stream and the carbon dioxide stream to second reaction zone. 1. A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising:(a) reacting, via an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction, a first reactant mixture in a first reaction zone to produce a first product mixture, wherein the first reaction zone comprises an OCM catalyst, wherein the first reactant mixture comprises methane and oxygen, and wherein the first product mixture comprises ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unreacted methane;(b) introducing a second reactant mixture comprising at least a portion of the first product mixture to a second reaction zone to produce a second product mixture, wherein the second reaction zone excludes a catalyst, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone, wherein at least a portion of ethane of the second reactant mixture undergoes a cracking reaction to produce ethylene, wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide of the second reactant mixture undergoes ...

Optimized FT synthesis by reforming and recycling tail gas from FT synthesis

Det blir beskrevet en fremgangsmåte for omdanning av naturgass eller andre fossile brensler til høyere hydrokarboner, omfattende de følgende trinn: a) reagere naturgass med damp og oksygeninneholdende gass i minst en reformeringssone for å produsere en syntesegass som hovedsakelig består av Hog CO i tillegg til noe CO; b) lede nevnte syntesegass til en Fischer-Tropsch-reaktor for å produsere en rå syntesestrøm bestående av lettere hydrokarboner, tyngre hydrokarboner, vann samt uomsatt syntesegass; c) . separere nevnte rå syntesestrøm i en gjennvinningssone, i en råproduktststrøm hovedsakelig inneholdende tyngre hydrokarboner, en vannstrøm og en tail-gass-strøm hovedsakelig inneholdende de øvrige bestanddelene;som er kjennetegnet ved at fremgangsmåten også omfatter de følgende trinn; d) dampreformere minst en del av tail-gassen i en separat dampreformer; e) lede den reformerte tail-gassen inn i gass-strømmen før denne ledes inn i Fischer-Tropsch-reaktoren. A process for converting natural gas or other fossil fuels to higher hydrocarbons is described, comprising the following steps: a) reacting natural gas with steam and oxygen-containing gas in at least one reforming zone to produce a synthesis gas consisting mainly of Hog CO in addition to some CO; b) passing said synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a crude synthesis stream consisting of lighter hydrocarbons, heavier hydrocarbons, water and unreacted synthesis gas; c). separating said crude synthesis stream in a recovery zone, in a crude product stream mainly containing heavier hydrocarbons, a water stream and a tail gas stream mainly containing the other constituents, which is characterized in that the process also comprises the following steps; d) steam reformers at least a part of the tail gas in a separate steam reformer; e) passing the reformed tail gas into the gas stream before passing it into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Selective Removal and Recovery of Acid Gases from Gasification Products

Processes and apparatuses are described for the selective removal and recovery of acid gases from a gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. A step-wise approach is illustrated wherein hydrogen sulfide may be selectively removed from a gas source by treatment with methanol under conditions where substantially all the hydrogen sulfide may be removed. The partially purified gas source may then be provided with a second treatment with methanol under conditions which selectively remove carbon dioxide from the gas stream. Such methods are generally applicable to any gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, for example, a gas source produced from the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material, the combustion of a carbonaceous material, or the oxy-blown gasification of a carbonaceous material.

Processes for hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream and optionally a methane product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products as well as a hydrogen and/or methane by-product stream.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products.

Two-mode process for hydrogen production

The present invention relates to a 2-mode processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst in a first mode, and a partial oxidation of methane in a second mode.

Fluidized bed system for single step reforming for the production of hydrogen

The present invention discloses a fluidized bed system for the single step reforming technology for the production of hydrogen. Single step reforming combines the steam methane reforming, water gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal in a single step process of hydrogen generation. In the present invention, to address the heat transfer and the replenishment issues associated with single step reforming, the sorbent particles are fluidized. This fluidization allows the sorbent particles to be regenerated and consequently allows the optimal operating conditions for single step reforming to be maintained.

Fremgangsmåte og katalysator for dampreformering