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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 18976. Отображено 100.
18-03-2020 дата публикации

Газогенератор синтез-газа

Номер: RU0000196884U1
Автор: Алексей Михайлович Кузьмин
Принадлежит: Алексей Михайлович Кузьмин

Полезная модель относится к нефтегазохимическому производству и предназначена для использования в качестве химического реактора парциального некаталитического окисления углеводородного сырья для получения синтез-газа. Газогенератор синтез-газа включает смесительную головку с системой воспламенения и трехсекционную реакционную камеру, представляющую охлаждаемый цилиндр, состоящий из камеры сгорания, узла ввода воды и испарительной камеры. Смесительную головку с камерой сгорания и секции реакционной камеры соединяют быстроразъёмными соединениями, состоящими из фланцев (10) с отверстиями, фитингов (13) с пазами (12) и уплотнительных колец (11). Техническим результатом является повышение надежности газогенератора синтез-газа за счет улучшения его ремонтопригодности. 4 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 196 884 U1 (51) МПК B01J 7/00 (2006.01) C01B 3/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C01B 3/32 (2019.08); B01J 7/00 (2019.08); C10J 3/20 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019127455, 31.08.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): Кузьмин Алексей Михайлович (RU) Дата регистрации: 18.03.2020 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 31.08.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 18.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 1 9 6 8 8 4 R U (54) Газогенератор синтез-газа (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к нефтегазохимическому производству и предназначена для использования в качестве химического реактора парциального некаталитического окисления углеводородного сырья для получения синтез-газа. Газогенератор синтез-газа включает смесительную головку с системой воспламенения и трехсекционную реакционную камеру, представляющую охлаждаемый цилиндр, состоящий из камеры Стр.: 1 сгорания, узла ввода воды и испарительной камеры. Смесительную головку с камерой сгорания и секции реакционной камеры соединяют быстроразъёмными соединениями, состоящими из фланцев (10) с отверстиями, фитингов (13) с пазами (12) и ...

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Номер записи: 1
19-01-2012 дата публикации

Fuel Cartridge with Connecting Valve

Номер: US20120012211A1
Автор: Andrew J. Curello, Floyd Fairbanks, Paul Adams
Принадлежит: BIC SA

A shut-off valve or connecting valve capable of connecting a fuel supply to a fuel cell is disclosed. The valve comprises a first valve component and a second valve component. Each valve component has an outer housing and a biased slidable member disposed inside the housing forming an internal seal. During the connection process, the two valve components establish an inter-component seal. Afterward, in one suitable embodiment the slidable member moves inward and opens the internal seal in the valve component to establish a flow path. In another embodiment, the slidable member moves inward and exposes a first filler and the first filler abuts a second filler in the other valve component to establish a flow path. In other embodiments, at least one valve component is sized and dimensioned to limit access to the internal seal.

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Номер записи: 2
19-01-2012 дата публикации

Membranes and Reactors for CO2 Separation

Номер: US20120014852A1
Автор: Kevin Huang
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

The present disclosure relates to a system for carbon dioxide separation. The system includes a conducting membrane having two phases. The first phase is a solid oxide porous substrate. The second phase is molten carbonate. The second phase is positioned within the solid oxide porous substrate of the first phase. The system also includes a H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream separated from a CH 4 gas input stream by the conducting membrane. The CO 2 is removed from the H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream as it contacts the membrane resulting in a H 2 gas output stream from the H 2 and CO 2 gas input stream and a CO and H 2 gas output stream from the CH 4 gas input stream.

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Номер записи: 3
08-03-2012 дата публикации

Process and Apparatus for Steam-Methane Reforming

Номер: US20120058028A1
Автор: Clive Derek Lee-Tuffnell, Ian Frederick Zimmerman, Jason Andrew Maude, John William Stairmand, Michael Joseph Bowe
Принадлежит: Clive Derek Lee-Tuffnell, Ian Frederick Zimmerman, Jason Andrew Maude, John William Stairmand, Michael Joseph Bowe

Methane reacts with steam generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a first catalytic reactor; the resulting gas mixture undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a second catalytic reactor. In the steam/methane reforming, the gas mixture passes through a narrow channel having mean and exit temperatures both in the range of 750° C. to 900° C., residence time less than 0.5 second, and the channel containing a catalyst, so that only reactions having comparatively rapid kinetics will occur. Heat is provided by combustion of methane in adjacent channels. The ratio of steam to methane may be about 1.5. Almost all methane will undergo the reforming reaction, almost entirely forming carbon monoxide. After Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the remaining hydrogen may be fed back to the combustion channels. The steam for the reforming step may be generated from water generated by the chemical reactions, by condensing products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and by condensing water vapor generated in combustion.

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Номер записи: 4
08-03-2012 дата публикации

Gas from landfill for use in hydrogen production

Номер: US20120058045A1
Автор: Michael Beckman, Rustam H. Sethna, Steven Eckhardt
Принадлежит: Linde GmbH

Methane collected from a landfill is used as a feedstock for the production of hydrogen in a steam methane reformer. This invention provides a green energy feed stock for the hydrogen production that benefits the environment.

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Номер записи: 5
12-04-2012 дата публикации

Co-production of fuels, chemicals and electric power using turbochargers

Номер: US20120088850A1
Автор: Arunabha Basu, Iosif K. Rabovitser
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

A method and system for co-production of electric power, fuel, and chemicals in which a synthesis gas at a first pressure is expanded using a turbo-expander, simultaneously producing electric power and an expanded synthesis gas at a second pressure after which the expanded synthesis gas is converted to a fuel and/or a chemical.

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Номер записи: 6
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Processes and systems for producing syngas from methane

Номер: US20120104322A1
Автор: Colleen Costello, Deng-Yang Jan, Kurt Vanden Bussche, Lisa King, Paul Barger, Robert B. James
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of a process for producing syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising methane are provided. The process comprises the step of contacting the gas stream with a two-component catalyst system comprising an apatite component and a perovskite component at reaction conditions effective to convert the methane to the syngas.

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Номер записи: 7
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus and method for generating electricity in liquefied natural gas carrier

Номер: US20120108117A1
Автор: Byung Sung Kim, Eun Bae Lee, Hyuk Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Jung Ho Choi, Ki Seok Kim, Sung Geun Lee, Yong Seok Choi
Принадлежит: Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd

Provided is an apparatus for generating electricity required by an LNG carrier which stores LNG, which is obtained by liquefying natural gas to ultra low temperature in a gas field, in an LNG storage tank and carries the stored LNG. The apparatus includes: a reformer reforming boil-off gas occurring in the LNG storage tank and producing synthetic gas; and a fuel cell generating electricity through an electrochemical reaction of the synthetic gas produced by the reformer.

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Номер записи: 8
10-05-2012 дата публикации

Reformer tube apparatus having variable wall thickness and associated method of manufacture

Номер: US20120114533A1
Автор: Brian W. Voelker, Gerald Gapinski, Gilbert Y. Whitten, Philip Crouch, Robert Smickley
Принадлежит: METALTEK INTERNATIONAL Inc, Midrex Technologies Inc

The present invention provides a reformer tube apparatus, including: an axially aligned tubular structure including a flange section, a top section, a middle section, and a bottom section; wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a first portion having a first wall thickness; wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a second portion having a second wall thickness; and wherein the top section of the axially aligned tubular structure includes a third portion having a transitioning wall thickness that joins the first portion to the second portion. The flange section includes a concentric flange disposed about a top portion thereof. The bottom section of the tubular structure includes a plurality of concentric wedge structures disposed about the interior thereof. The bottom section of the tubular structure also includes a recess disposed about the exterior thereof. The axially aligned tubular structure further includes a secondary flange section coupled to the flange section, wherein the secondary flange section includes a concentric flange disposed about a top portion thereof. Optionally, the reformer tube apparatus is disposed within a reformer used in a direct reduction process.

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Номер записи: 9
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20120118011A1
Автор: Arthur Darde, Bhadra S. Grover, Dennis A. Vauk, Paul TERRIEN, Purushottam V. Shanbhag, Trapti Chaubey
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

The present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as a design for carbon dioxide capture from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen and the capture of at least 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. Through the use of a combination of hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with a carbon dioxide separation unit it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and improved process efficiency of the hydrogen generation plant.

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Номер записи: 10
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

Номер: US20120129064A1
Автор: David Stanislav A. Simakov, Moshe Sheintuch
Принадлежит: Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

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Номер записи: 11
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst preparation method

Номер: US20120135860A1
Автор: David James Birdsall, Jonathan Geoffrey Oliver, Mark Robert Feaviour, Mikael Per Uno Carlsson, Samuel Arthur French
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

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Номер записи: 12
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Gas separation process for production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with carbon dioxide recovery

Номер: US20120141367A1
Автор: Douglas E. Gottschlich, Haiqing Lin, Nicholas P. Wynn
Принадлежит: Membrane Technology and Research Inc

Disclosed herein is a process for the production of hydrogen by autothermal reforming of natural gas, with simultaneous recovery of carbon dioxide using carbon dioxide-selective membrane separation. Residual gas from the hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery is recycled back to the autothermal reformer.

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Номер записи: 13
14-06-2012 дата публикации

Method Of Operating A Fuel Processor

Номер: US20120144741A1
Автор: Andre Boutel, Jacobus Neels, William Allison Logan, Xuantian Li
Принадлежит: Individual

In situations where the demand for syngas is prolonged, a fuel processor is operated continuously to provide a syngas stream for a prolonged period. The equivalence ratio of reactants supplied to the fuel processor is controlled so that a high fuel-conversion efficiency to hydrogen and carbon monoxide is obtained at temperatures correspondent to carbon production balance, where carbon is formed and gasified at approximately the same rate in the fuel processor.

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Номер записи: 14
21-06-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Cellulose Based Biofuels

Номер: US20120157726A1
Автор: Dennis A. Vauk, Tarun D. Vakil
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP

A process for the production of cellulose based biofuels is provided. This process includes pyrolysing a cellulose-containing feedstock to form a slurry of bioliquids and char; hydrocracking the slurry to produce a hydrocarbon gas stream, a hydrocarbon liquid stream, an impurities stream, and a residue stream; distilling the liquid hydrocarbon stream to produce at least a naphtha stream, and a diesel stream; and gasifying the residue stream to produce at least a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide stream.

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Номер записи: 15
28-06-2012 дата публикации

Reformer gas-based reducing method with reduced nox emission

Номер: US20120160062A1
Автор: Guenter Peer, Robert Millner
Принадлежит: Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH

In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides (3) to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and/or steam (H 2 O) with gaseous hydrocarbons, the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is provided at least partially by the combustion of a fuel gas.

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Номер записи: 16
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell system

Номер: US20120189926A1
Автор: Motohiko Yabutani, Shinji Nendai
Принадлежит: Aisin Seiki Co Ltd, Toyota Motor Corp

A fuel cell system includes an evaporating portion, a reforming portion forming an anode fluid, a fuel cell generating an electric power, a tank, a water supply passage connecting the tank and the evaporating portion and allowing water in the tank to be supplied to the evaporating portion, a water supply source provided at the water supply passage to transmit the water in the tank to the evaporating portion, a stepping motor driving the water supply source, and a control portion driving the stepping motor to transmit the water in the tank to the evaporating portion. The control portion performs a harmful vibration restraining process to change a resonance frequency of the stepping motor by changing the number of steps per rotation of the stepping motor based on a volume of the water transmitted to the evaporating portion per time unit.

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Номер записи: 17
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell power generation system and operation stop method of the same

Номер: US20120189931A1
Автор: Eiichi Yasumoto, Takahiro Umeda, Yasushi Sugawara
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

A fuel cell power generation system including a fuel cell, a fuel generator, an oxidizing gas supply device, an output controller, an open-close mechanism, and a controller. The controller is configured such that in a stop process, the controller controls the output controller to stop supplying the electric power to an external load; controls the oxidizing gas supply device to stop supplying an oxidizing gas and controls the open-close mechanism to close a passage upstream from an oxidizing gas channel; after the passage upstream from the oxidizing gas channel is closed, stops a raw material gas supply device and a water supply device when a predetermined period has elapsed, during which period a gas in the oxidizing gas channel is replaced by a fuel gas.

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Номер записи: 18
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Stackable structural reactors

Номер: US20120195801A1
Автор: Brian L. Davis, Gordon W. Brunson, Joseph W. WHITTENBERGER, Randall J. Bartos, Todd A. Romesberg, William A. Whittenberger
Принадлежит: Catacel Corp

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

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Номер записи: 19
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Process and System For Producing Liquid Fuel From Carbon Dioxide And Water

Номер: US20120201717A1
Автор: Kim-Chinh Tran, Omar Freyr Sigurbjornsson, Shwetank Singh
Принадлежит: CRI ehf

A process and system for producing high octane fuel from carbon dioxide and water is disclosed. The feedstock for the production line is industrial carbon dioxide and water, which may be of lower quality. The end product can be high octane gasoline, high cetane diesel or other liquid hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for driving conventional combustion engines or hydrocarbons suitable for further industrial processing or commercial use. Products, such as dimethyl ether or methanol may also be withdrawn from the production line. The process is emission free and reprocesses all hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel to form high octane products. The heat generated by exothermic reactions in the process is fully utilized as is the heat produced in the reprocessing of hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel.

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Номер записи: 20
16-08-2012 дата публикации

Ceramic membrane having a catalytic membrane-material coating

Номер: US20120204716A1
Автор: Bernd Langanke, Bjoern Hoting, Steffen Schirrmeister
Принадлежит: Borsig Process Heat Exchanger Gmbh, THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

A porously coated, densely sintered ceramic membrane, which can be produced from a green membrane and subsequent sintering. The membrane is coated with ceramic material, which contains noble metals, which can be produced by application and subsequent thermal treatment. The noble metals are contained at a concentration of 2.5 to 5 mass percent.

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Номер записи: 21
18-10-2012 дата публикации

Electrical generator using the thermoelectric effect and two chemical reactions, i.e. exothermic and endothermic reactions, to generate and dissipate heat, respectively

Номер: US20120260962A1
Автор: Jean-Antoine Gruss, Marc Plissonnier, Philippe Coronel, Tristan Caroff
Принадлежит: Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA

An electric generator based on a thermoelectric effect includes at least a heat source, a heat dissipator and a thermoelectric converter provided with at least two areas respectively in contact with the heat source and the heat dissipator. The heat source is the center of an exothermic chemical reaction, such as the catalytic combustion of hydrogen. The heat dissipator is the center of an endothermic chemical reaction, at least one product of which forms one of the reagents of the exothermic chemical reaction. Once it is formed by the heat dissipator, said product is then directed towards the input of the heat source in order to react there. The endothermic chemical reaction is more particularly a steam reforming reaction for methanol.

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Номер записи: 22
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuel cell system and operating method for fuel cell system

Номер: US20120270124A1
Автор: Takashi Shigehisa, Takatoshi Masui
Принадлежит: Kyocera Corp, Toyota Motor Corp

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell that generates power using an oxidant gas and a fuel gas; estimating means for estimating an electric resistance of the fuel cell in accordance with a voltage and a current of the fuel cell; and temperature controlling means for performing control to raise a temperature of the fuel cell when the electric resistance estimated by the estimating means exceeds a target electric resistance range and reduce the temperature of the fuel cell when the estimated electric resistance falls below the target electric resistance range.

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Номер записи: 23
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Steam-Hydrocarbon Reforming with Limited Steam Export

Номер: US20120282145A1
Автор: Hoanh Nang Pham, Michael Enever, Shankar Nataraj, Xiang-Dong Peng
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

A steam-hydrocarbon reforming process and apparatus wherein reformate from a prereformer is reacted in a gas heated reformer which is heated by reformed gas from a primary reformer. Reformate from the gas heated reformer is passed to the primary reformer as feed gas.

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Номер записи: 24
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Method of Producing Gaseous Products Using a Downflow Reactor

Номер: US20120282163A1
Автор: Charles C. Hornemann, Randy D. Cortright, Robert T. Rozmiarek
Принадлежит: Virent Energy Systems Inc, Virent Inc

Reactor systems and methods are provided for the catalytic conversion of liquid feedstocks to synthesis gases and other noncondensable gaseous products. The reactor systems include a heat exchange reactor configured to allow the liquid feedstock and gas product to flow concurrently in a downflow direction. The reactor systems and methods are particularly useful for producing hydrogen and light hydrocarbons from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons using aqueous phase reforming. The generated gases may find used as a fuel source for energy generation via PEM fuel cells, solid-oxide fuel cells, internal combustion engines, or gas turbine gensets, or used in other chemical processes to produce additional products. The gaseous products may also be collected for later use or distribution.

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Номер записи: 25
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Process For The Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20120291485A1
Автор: Arthur Darde, Bhadra S. Grover, Dennis A. Vauk, Pascal Marty, Paul TERRIEN, Purushottam V. Shanbhag, Trapti Chaubey
Принадлежит: Air Liquide Large Industries US LP, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The present invention further provides the design for capture of at least 80%, carbon dioxide from syngas that allows for the simultaneous production of medium to high amounts of hydrogen in the syngas as a part of the production of hydrogen in a hydrogen generation plant. By using the process of the present invention, especially in terms of a hydrogen generation plant, it is possible to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream by balancing the recycle of the hydrogen rich permeate from the hydrogen membrane separation units to the process unit and/or the water gas shift as capacity allows when a carbon dioxide separation unit, a carbon dioxide membrane separation unit and two hydrogen membrane separation units are utilized.

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Номер записи: 26
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and electrical power

Номер: US20130008175A1
Автор: Mark Mckenna
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process for reducing CO 2 emissions from combined cycle power generation processes utilizing a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, which includes splitting the hydrocarbon feed into two portions; a first portion≦45% by volume of the feed and a larger portion≧55% by volume of the feed, feeding the first portion to an autothermal reforming process to generate a hydrogen-containing gas and a carbon dioxide stream, combining the hydrogen-containing stream with the second portion, combusting the resulting hydrogen-containing fuel stream with oxygen containing gas in a gas turbine to generate electrical power and passing the exhaust gas mixture from the gas turbine to a heat recovery steam generation system that feeds one or more steam turbines to generate additional electrical power. The captured carbon dioxide stream may be fed to storage or enhanced oil recovery processes. The process may be retrofitted into existing combined cycle processes.

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Номер записи: 27
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

Номер: US20130009102A1
Автор: Brian R. Kromer, Charles Robinson, Gervase Maxwell Christie, Jamie R. WILSON, Lawrence W. Kosowski, Lee J. Rosen, Michael M. Litwin, Sean M. Kelly
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

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Номер записи: 28
10-01-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Номер: US20130011301A1
Автор: David J. Edlund
Принадлежит: Edlund David J

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

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Номер записи: 29
21-03-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR GENERATING A GAS WHICH MAY BE USED FOR STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN OF A FUEL CELL

Номер: US20130068999A1
Автор: Birmingham Daniel P., DeBellis Crispin L., Pema Mark Anthony, Rush Gregory C., Scotto Mark Vincent
Принадлежит: LG FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INC.

The present invention provides a method for generating a gas that may be used for startup and shutdown of a fuel cell. In a non-limiting embodiment, the method may include generating a nitrogen-rich stream; merging the nitrogen-rich stream with a hydrocarbon fuel stream into a feed mixture stream; and catalytically converting the feed mixture into a reducing gas. 128.-. (canceled)29. A method for generating a reducing gas having a variable combustibles content , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'providing a nitrogen-rich oxidant stream, the oxidant stream having a nitrogen content greater than that of ambient air, the oxidant stream also having an oxygen (O) content;'}providing a hydrocarbon fuel stream;combining the hydrocarbon fuel stream and the oxidant stream into a feed mixture, the feed mixture having an oxidant/fuel ratio;reacting the feed mixture in a catalytic reactor to generate the reducing gas; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'controlling both the Ocontent of the oxidant stream and the oxidant/fuel ratio of the feed mixture to maintain a predetermined control temperature while also independently varying both the Ocontent of the oxidant stream and the oxidant/fuel ratio of the feed mixture to obtain a selected combustibles content of the reducing gas.'}30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising supplying the reducing gas to a fuel cell.31. The method of claim 29 , further comprising: generating a nitrogen-rich stream; and combining the nitrogen-rich stream with air to yield the nitrogen-rich oxidant stream.32. The method of claim 29 , wherein the nitrogen-rich oxidant stream is generated by extracting nitrogen from air using a nitrogen separation membrane.33. The method of claim 29 , wherein the predetermined temperature is a predetermined temperature of the reducing gas.34. The method of claim 29 , wherein the predetermined temperature is a predetermined temperature of a catalyst of the catalytic reactor.35. The method of claim 29 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, ' ...

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Номер записи: 30
28-03-2013 дата публикации

Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources

Номер: US20130074757A1
Автор: Roy Edward McAlister
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies LLC

Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources are disclosed. A system for removing and processing a gas from a submerged area in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a membrane or other open-bottom structure having a port and being disposed over at least a portion of the submerged area so as to at least partially enclose a volume of the gas. The system can further include a chemical reactor coupled to the open-bottom structure to receive the gas, and positioned to conduct a non-combustion reaction to dissociate a constituent from a donor substance of the gas.

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Номер записи: 31
02-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REFORMATION OF HYDROGEN-CONTAINING FLUIDS IN A CYCLIC FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20130105739A1
Автор: Bingue Jacques Picardy, Pierre-Victor Jean, White Christopher Lee
Принадлежит:

The invention discloses an apparatus and process for the reformation of hydrogen containing fluids to hydrogen and other constituents, more particularly, the reformation of hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons in a cyclic flow inert porous media reactor for the production of hydrogen and other constituents. In an alternate embodiment, the apparatus and process can be used for the reformation of hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and sulfur. 1. A continuous process for the reformation of a reactant mixture in a cyclic flow reactor chamber , the process comprising:heating the reactor chamber to a high temperature wherein the reactor chamber comprises a substantially porous media matrix; reacting the reactant mixture wherein the reacting occurs through a reaction zone, wherein the reaction zone may be located in any portion of the reactor chamber, is not fixed and can propagate in a direction relative to a direction of the reactant mixture selected from the group consisting of countercurrent direction and concurrent direction;', 'reversing the direction of flow for the reactant mixture after a period of time; and', [{'sub': '2', 'a) a fluidic hydrocarbon greater than C,'}, 'b) a fluidic hydrocarbon and steam,', 'c) a hydrogen sulfide containing stream, and', 'd) ammonia containing stream, and', 'e) mixtures thereof;, 'wherein the reactant mixture is one or more selected from the group consisting of, 'and wherein the reactant mixture further comprises an oxygen containing gas., 'channeling a reactant mixture through the substantially porous media matrix;'}2. The process of wherein the temperature is maintained between about 500° C. and about 3000° C.3. The process of wherein the reactant mixture comprises a hydrogen sulfide containing stream with a hydrogen sulfide concentration of between about 10% and about 100% by volume of the reactant mixture.4. The process of wherein the reactant mixture further comprises hydrogen sulfide and has an equivalence ratio greater ...

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Номер записи: 32
02-05-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN PURIFICATION MEMBRANES, COMPONENTS AND FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE SAME

Номер: US20130108514A1
Автор: Edlund David J., Pledger William A., Studebaker R. Todd
Принадлежит: IDATECH, LLC

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas. 120-. (canceled)21. A hydrogen-producing fuel processing system , comprising:a hydrogen-producing reforming region containing a reforming catalyst that, when heated to a hydrogen-producing temperature, catalyzes the formation of a reformate stream containing hydrogen gas as a majority component from a reforming feedstock; 'at least one tubular hydrogen-selective membrane containing a palladium alloy; wherein the product hydrogen stream includes hydrogen gas from the reformate stream that permeates through the membrane; wherein the byproduct stream contains a portion of the reformate stream that does not pass through the membrane;', 'a purification region configured to receive the reformate stream and to separate the reformate stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, wherein the product hydrogen stream contains a greater concentration of hydrogen gas than the reformate stream, wherein the byproduct stream contains hydrogen gas having a lower concentration than the reformate stream, and wherein the purification region comprisesa purifier containing at least one carbon monoxide removal catalyst; wherein the purifier is configured to ...

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Номер записи: 33
02-05-2013 дата публикации

INSTRUMENT FOR NONDESTRUCTIVELY PRODUCING HIGH-CONCENTRATION HYDROGEN SOLUTION

Номер: US20130108515A1
Автор: KUROKAWA Ryosuke, SATOH Bunpei, SATOH Fumitake, SEO Tomoki
Принадлежит: MIZ CO., LTD.

An instrument for producing hydrogen-dissolved liquid comprises a hydrogen generating system stored in a separator, and the hydrogen generating system comprises: a hydrogen generating agent that reacts with raw water to generate hydrogen; a metal-ion sequestering agent that sequesters metal ions dissolved from the hydrogen generating agent; and a pH adjusting agent. 1. An instrument for nondestructively producing high-concentration hydrogen solution , the instrument comprising a hydrogen generating system stored in a separator , the hydrogen generating system containing:at least either one of metal magnesium or iron as a hydrogen generating agent that reacts with raw water to generate hydrogen; andhydrogen ion type cation-exchange resin that has a metal ion sequestering ability that sequesters metal ions dissolved from the hydrogen generating agent and a pH adjusting ability that inhibits or remove hydroxide ions, the at least either one of metal magnesium or iron and the hydrogen ion type cation-exchange resin being in contact with each other.2. An instrument for nondestructively producing high-concentration hydrogen solution , the instrument comprising a hydrogen generating system stored in a separator , the hydrogen generating system containing:either one or more of aluminum, zinc, nickel or cobalt as a hydrogen generating agent that generates hydrogen by contact with raw water and makes hydrogen solution; andone agent that has a metal ion sequestering ability and a pH adjusting ability, the either one or more of aluminum, zinc, nickel or cobalt and the one agent being in contact with each other, whereinthe one agent that has a metal ion sequestering ability and a pH adjusting ability includes at least either one of a substance that releases hydrogen ions while adsorbing metal ions or a compound that is hydrolyzed to generate metal hydroxide, andthe substance that releases hydrogen ions while adsorbing metal ions or the compound that is hydrolyzed to generate ...

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Номер записи: 34
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

Номер: US20130126038A1
Автор: AQIL Jamal, Thang Pham
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

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Номер записи: 35
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen/syngas generator

Номер: US20130129610A1
Автор: Ganesh Ravindra Kale
Принадлежит: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR

The present invention relates to a compact, concentric auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator for production of hydrogen/syngas without any external heating. Further, the auto thermal hydrogen/syngas generator of the present invention involves combination of reactions such as partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry reforming, auto thermal reforming, dry autothermal reforming, water gas shift, preferential oxidation or methanation that takes place without external heating, for converting air, steam and fuel into a reformate mainly containing CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 and H 2 O which is subsequently converted to hydrogen/syngas as a feed for fuel cell or syngas applications.

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Номер записи: 36
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system

Номер: US20130139684A1
Автор: Hidenori Minami, Masanori Miyake, Toshihiko Sumida, Yoshinori Ueda
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co Ltd

A hydrogen manufacturing system for performing offgas flow control includes: a vaporizer ( 1 ) for heating a material mixture containing a hydrocarbon material; a reforming reactor ( 2 ) for generating hydrogen-containing reformed gas by reforming reactions of the material; a PSA separator ( 5 ) for repeating a cycle of adsorption and desorption, where in the adsorption PSA separation is performed with an adsorption tower loaded with an adsorbent to adsorb unnecessary components in the reformed gas and extract hydrogen-enriched gas out of the tower, and in the desorption the offgas containing the unnecessary components from the adsorbent and remaining hydrogen is discharged from the tower; and a buffer tank ( 6 ) for holding the offgas before supplying to the vaporizer. The offgas flow supply from the tank ( 6 ) to the vaporizer is changed continuously over time when the cycle time is changed according to load change on the separator ( 5 ).

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Номер записи: 37
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Process For The Storage Delivery Of Hydrogen Using Catalyst

Номер: US20130142726A1
Автор: Biniwale Rajesh Bhaskar, Pande Jayshri Vijay, Shukla Anshu Ajit
Принадлежит:

Hydrogenated liquid organic compounds are used for storage and supply of hydrogen at near ambient conditions. The hydrogen is released from the hydrogenated liquid organic compounds through a catalytic dehydrogenation reaction using a M/support or M-M′/support catalyst. The M/support catalyst comprises a metal M selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, or combination thereof, and a support selected from YOor VOor combinations thereof. The M-M′/support catalyst comprises a first metal M selected from Cu, Ag, Au, or combination thereof, a second metal M′ selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, Fe, Ni, Re, Mo, W, V, Cr, Co or combinations thereof, and a support selected from activated carbon, alumina, alumite, zirconia, silica or combination thereof. Synergistic effects are created by using the combination of the M and M′ in the catalyst, which result in shifting of the equilibrium of the reaction favorably to dehydrogenation. 1. An improved process for delivery of hydrogen , the process comprising:dehydrogenating hydrogenated liquid organic compounds using a catalyst in a dehydrogenation reactor to produce hydrogen, the catalyst being heated at a temperature in the range of 120-400° C.;removing the hydrogen from the reactor by introducing a carrier gas in the reactor;separating the hydrogen with a condenser by cooling to a temperature in the range of 2-50° C. followed by releasing the hydrogen through an entrainment separator to deliver the hydrogen, [{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '5, 'i. M/support wherein metal M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, and Os, and said metal is dispersed on a support, the support is at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of YO, VOand combinations thereof or;'}, 'ii. M-M′/support wherein metal M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, and Au; metal M′ is at least one metal selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, Fe, Ni, Re, Mo, W, V, Cr, Co and combinations ...

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Номер записи: 38
06-06-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20130143135A1
Автор: Taguchi Kiyoshi, Takeuchi Tomoya, Ukai Kunihiro
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A hydrogen generation apparatus () includes: a reformer () configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material and steam; a raw material passage () through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer () flows; a hydrodesulfurizer () provided downstream from a most downstream valve () on the raw material passage () and configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material; a sealer () provided on a passage () downstream from the reformer () and configured to block communication between the reformer () and the atmosphere; and a depressurizer () provided on the raw material passage () at a portion connecting the hydrodesulfurizer () and the reformer () and configured to release, to the atmosphere, pressure in the reformer () that has increased after the sealer () is closed. 1. A hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by using a raw material and steam;a raw material passage through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer flows;a hydrodesulfurizer provided downstream from a most downstream valve on the raw material passage and configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material;a sealer provided on a passage downstream from the reformer and configured to block communication between the reformer and the atmosphere; anda depressurizer provided on the raw material passage at a portion connecting the hydrodesulfurizer and the reformer and configured to release, to the atmosphere, pressure in the reformer that has increased after the sealer is closed.2. The hydrogen generation apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising:an evaporator configured to generate steam; anda water passage connected to the evaporator, whereinthe evaporator is provided on the raw material passage, andin the evaporator, the depressurizer is disposed at a position away from a passage through which water having flowed into the evaporator flows.3. The hydrogen generation apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 39
06-06-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Номер: US20130143136A1
Автор: Fujihara Seiji, Harada Chie, Takeuchi Tomoya, Ukai Kunihiro
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A hydrogen generation apparatus and a fuel cell system including: a reformer () configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by causing a reforming reaction of a raw material; a hydrodesulfurizer () configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material; an adsorption desulfurizer () configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material; a first raw material passage () through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer not through the adsorption desulfurizer but through the hydrodesulfurizer flows; a second raw material passage () through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer through the adsorption desulfurizer flows; a switch () configured to switch, between the first raw material passage and the second raw material passage, a raw material flowing passage through which the raw material flows; and a controller () configured such that when the reformer is generating the hydrogen-containing gas, the controller sets the raw material flowing passage to the first raw material passage by means of the switch if an oxygen concentration in the raw material is in a first state where the oxygen concentration is relatively low, and the controller sets the raw material flowing passage to the second raw material passage by means of the switch if the oxygen concentration in the raw material is in a second state where the oxygen concentration is relatively high. 1. A hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by causing a reforming reaction of a raw material;a hydrodesulfurizer configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material;an adsorption desulfurizer configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material;a first raw material passage through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer not through the adsorption desulfurizer but through the hydrodesulfurizer flows;a second raw material passage through which the raw material that is supplied to the ...

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Номер записи: 40
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Reformer

Номер: US20130160364A1
Автор: Takao Izumi, Yasunori Iwakiri
Принадлежит: Nissan Motor Co Ltd

A reformer 1 of the present invention is formed by stacking each other a reforming layer 2 configured to reform a reforming fuel with a reforming catalyst 5, and a heating layer 3 configured to heat the reforming layer 2 through an exothermic reaction with a combustion catalyst 8. A gas mixture obtained by mixing a to-be-combusted gas with a combustion-assisting gas is supplied to a heating passage 25 in the heating layer 3. The heating passage 25 is separated into multiple separation passages 31 a to 31 c by separation walls 11, 13 parallel to a wall surface coated with the combustion catalyst 8. The multiple separation passages 31 a to 31 c respectively eject the gas mixture to different positions of the combustion catalyst 8.

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Номер записи: 41
11-07-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REFORMING A HIGH SULFUR-CONTAINING LIQUID FUEL

Номер: US20130174485A1
Автор: Junaedi Christian, Roychoudhury Subir, Vilekar Saurabh, Walsh Dennis E.
Принадлежит: Precision Combusion Inc.

A reforming process and apparatus exhibiting improved catalyst longevity towards reforming a high sulfur-containing liquid fuel. The process involves contacting in a first reforming zone a first oxidant and a liquid fuel containing high molecular weight organosulfur compounds with a partial oxidation catalyst under CPDX reaction conditions to form a first reformate stream containing a mixture of unconverted and partially-converted hydrocarbons and one or more low molecular weight sulfur compounds; and then contacting in a second reforming zone the first reformate stream with steam and optionally a second oxidant in the presence of an autothermal reforming catalyst under ATR reaction conditions to form a second reformate stream containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen and one or more low molecular weight sulfur compounds. The low molecular weight sulfur compounds can be readily removed from the first and/or second reformate streams by gas phase adsorption methods. 1. A process of reforming a high sulfur-containing liquid fuel comprising:{'sub': 'w', '(a) feeding a high sulfur-containing liquid fuel feedstock, comprising one or more liquid hydrocarbons and one or more high molecular weight organosulfur compounds such that the liquid fuel feedstock has a sulfur concentration greater than 100 ppm, into a first reforming zone, and contacting therein said fuel with a first oxidant in the presence of a partial oxidation catalyst under partial oxidation reaction conditions sufficient to obtain a first reformate stream comprising a mixture of unconverted hydrocarbons, partially-converted hydrocarbons, and one or more low molecular weight sulfur compounds; further wherein no steam or water is co-fed into the first reforming zone; and'}(b) feeding the first reformate stream from step (a) into a second reforming zone, and contacting therein said first reformate stream with steam and optionally a second oxidant in the presence of an autothermal reforming catalyst under ...

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Номер записи: 42
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Heat exchanger reformer

Номер: US20130195736A1
Автор: Bernard A. Fischer
Принадлежит: Delphi Technologies Inc

A catalytic reformer assembly includes a heated medium flow path for a first medium and a reforming flow path for a second medium. A catalyst substrate is located within the reforming flow path and supports a catalyst. A heat exchanger is disposed within the heated medium flow path for transferring heat from the heated medium flow path to the catalyst substrate.

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Номер записи: 43
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1
Автор: James Obern, Michael Anthony Schultz, Sean Dennis Simpson
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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Номер записи: 44
22-08-2013 дата публикации

MOBILE TRANSPORT PLATFORMS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20130213256A1
Автор: McAlister Roy Edward
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies, LLC

Mobile transport platforms for producing hydrogen and structural materials, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a mobile transport platform and a chemical reactor carried by the mobile transport platform. The chemical reactor is configured to dissociate a donor into first and second constituents in a non-combustion reaction. The reactor has a donor entrance port, a first constituent exit port, and a second constituent exit port. A donor supply is carried by the mobile transport platform and is coupled to the donor entrance port to deliver the donor to the reactor. A first collector is coupled to the first constituent exit port to receive the first constituent from the reactor. A second collector is coupled to the second constituent exit port to receive the second constituent. 1. A mobile chemical reactor system , comprising:a mobile transport platform;a chemical reactor carried by the mobile transport platform, the chemical reactor being configured to dissociate a donor into a first constituent and a second constituent in a non-combustion reaction, the reactor having a donor entrance port, a first constituent exit port, and a second constituent exit port;a donor supply carried by the mobile transport platform and coupled to the donor entrance port of the reactor to deliver the donor to the reactor;a first collector coupled to the first constituent exit port to receive the first constituent from the reactor; anda second collector coupled to the second constituent exit port to receive the second constituent.2. The system of wherein the mobile transport platform includes a locomotive.3. The system of wherein the mobile transport platform includes a wheeled over-the-road vehicle.4. The system of wherein the mobile transport platform includes a floating platform.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a propulsion device coupled to the mobile transport platform to move the mobile transport ...

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Номер записи: 45
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Method and device for producing process vapor and boiler feed steam in a heatable reforming reactor for producing synthesis gas

Номер: US20130213489A1
Автор: Jan Heinrich, Thilo Von Trotha
Принадлежит: THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

A method for producing process vapor and boiler feed steam in a heatable reforming reactor for producing synthesis gas. The sensible heat of a synthesis gas produced from hydrocarbons and steam can be used so that two types of vapor are produced during the heating and evaporation of boiler feed water and process condensate. The method also includes a conversion of the carbon monoxide contained in the synthesis gas. The method includes an optional heating of the boiler feed water using the flue gas from the heating of the reforming reactor. The sensible heat of the synthesis gas and of the flue gas originating from the heating can be used more efficiently. The disadvantages from the flue gas heating, which are caused by the fluctuating heat supply in the flue gas duct, are avoided. A system for practicing the method is also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 46
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Semiconductor photocatalyst for the photocatalytic reforming of biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation, and preparation and use thereof

Номер: US20130224105A1
Автор: Chengbo Li, Jiaxin Li, Lizhu Wu, Xubing Li, Zhijun Li
Принадлежит: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS

Disclosed are a semiconductor photocatalyst for the photocatalytic reforming of biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation, and preparation and use thereof. The semiconductor photocatalyst has the atomic composition ratio of M˜N-Ax; wherein M˜N are IIB group elements to VIA group elements, or IIIA group elements to VA group elements, A being one element or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, chromium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and silver; and 0.02%≦x≦1.0%. The method of in-situ preparation of the highly effective semiconductor photocatalyst and catalytically reforming biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation by driving photoreaction with visible light via quantum dots is simple, fast, highly effective, inexpensive and practical. The in situ reaction can occur in sunlight without the need of harsh conditions such as calcination.

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Номер записи: 47
05-09-2013 дата публикации

GASEOUS TRANSFER IN MULTIPLE METAL BATH REACTORS

Номер: US20130228721A1
Автор: Bach Robert D., Collins Michael C.
Принадлежит:

A reactor system for the transformation of solid, liquid, gaseous, and related hydrocarbon feedstocks into high-purity, high-pressure gas streams capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures. The system comprises a plurality of reactor housings and a plurality of molten-metal bath vessels within the housings, the bath vessels in fluid communication with each other via conduits, with communication facilitated by gravity and temperature/pressure differentials. 120-. (canceled)21. A process for making a high purity gas comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', 'adding a carbon-containing feed stream into a first bath vessel containing a first molten metal bath, wherein the first bath vessel is maintained at a pressure, P, of at least 1 bar, and producing a first vessel gas stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide;'}{'b': '3', 'sub': '3', 'removing the first vessel gas stream from the first bath vessel and introducing the first vessel gas stream into a third bath vessel containing a third molten metal bath, wherein the third bath vessel is maintained at a third pressure, P, of at least 1 bar, optionally adding an oxygen source, such as steam or an oxygen containing feed, and producing a third vessel gas stream comprising hydrogen, SOand carbon dioxide;'}{'sub': '3', 'removing the third vessel gas stream from the third vessel, and optionally condensing the SOtherefrom and/or removing the carbon dioxide;, thereby obtaining a purified hydrogen gas;'}{'b': '4', 'adding steam to a fourth bath vessel containing a fourth molten metal bath characterized by a low carbon content, wherein the fourth bath vessel is maintained at a fourth pressure, P, of at least 1 bar, thereby producing purified hydrogen; and'}{'b': '2', 'adding the one or more gas streams to a second bath vessel containing a second molten metal bath maintained at a second pressure, P, of at least 1 bar, and a temperature of less than about 800-1000 F, characterized by a high carbon content, ...

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Номер записи: 48
05-09-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION PROCESS USING PARTIAL OXIDATION/STEAM REFORMING

Номер: US20130228722A1
Автор: CARPENTER Brandon S., DOSHI Kishore J., Russell Bradley P.
Принадлежит:

Partial oxidation/steam reformers () which use heat integrated steam cycles and steam to carbon ratios of at least about 4:1 to enable efficient operation at high pressures suitable for hydrogen purification unit operations such as membrane separation () and pressure swing adsorption. 127.-. (canceled)28. A process for generating hydrogen comprising contacting at reforming temperature a mixture of hydrocarbon-containing feedstock which also contains sulfur compound , air and steam with an effective amount of at least one catalyst for partially combusting feedstock to generate heat and for reforming said feedstock to generate hydrogen whereby a reforming effluent stream comprising hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide is provided , wherein:a. said contacting is at a pressure greater than about 400 kPa absolute, andb. steam is provided in a mole ratio to carbon in the feedstock in an amount of at least about 4:1; andcooling the reforming effluent stream to a temperature suitable for hydrogen sulfide sorption said cooling comprising indirect heat exchange with water to generate at least a portion of the steam for the feed to the reformer, and contacting the cooled reforming effluent stream with a hydrogen sulfide sorbent to provide a stream having a reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration.29. The process of wherein the cooled reforming effluent stream is subjected to pressure swing adsorption to provide a hydrogen stream having reduced carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations and a purge stream containing hydrogen claim 28 , carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.30. The process of wherein the cooled reformer effluent stream contacts the hydrogen sulfide sorbent prior to being subjected to pressure swing adsorption.31. The process of wherein the cooled reformer effluent stream is subjected to pressure swing adsorption and hydrogen sulfide is sorbed and contained in the purge stream claim 30 , and the purge stream is contacted ...

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Номер записи: 49
05-09-2013 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION PROCESS USING PARTIAL OXIDATION/STEAM REFORMING

Номер: US20130230449A1
Автор: CARPENTER Brandon S., DOSHI Kishore J., Russell Bradley P.
Принадлежит:

Partial oxidation/steam reformers () which use heat integrated steam cycles and steam to carbon ratios of at least about 4:1 to enable efficient operation at high pressures suitable for hydrogen purification unit operation such as membrane separation () and pressure swing adsorption. 119-. (canceled)20. An efficient , integrated process for generating hydrogen from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock in the essential absence of a shift reaction zone comprising:a. passing to a partial oxidation reformer at a pressure of between about 400 and 1500 kPa absolute feed comprising hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, air, and steam wherein the molar ratio of steam to carbon in the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is at least about 4:1, said reformer being at partial oxidation/steam reforming conditions to provide a reforming effluent steam comprising at least about 40 volume percent (dry basis) hydrogen, nitrogen, steam, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;b. cooling the reforming effluent stream by indirect heat exchange with a stream containing liquid water to provide a steam-containing stream which is cycled to the partial oxidation/steam reforming zone wherein at least about 40 percent of the steam in the feed mixture is produced by said indirect heat exchange;c. further cooling the cooled reforming effluent stream to pressure swing adsorption conditions, said cooling being sufficient to condense water;d. during or after the further cooling, separating the condensed water;{'b': '10', 'e. subjecting the further cooled reforming effluent stream to pressure swing adsorption such that a purified hydrogen stream is produced which (i) is at least about 98 mole percent hydrogen, and (ii) contains less than about ppmv carbon monoxide, and a sorption purge gas is produced at a pressure between about 5 and 100 kPa gauge which comprises less than about 30 volume percent hydrogen (dry basis) and nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide;'}f. withdrawing at least a portion of the ...

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Номер записи: 50
19-09-2013 дата публикации

Hydrogen purifier

Номер: US20130239812A1
Автор: David Edlund
Принадлежит: Azur Energy Llc

Techniques are generally described herein for the design and manufacture of hydrogen generation apparatuses and systems. Other embodiments may also be disclosed and claimed. Some methods described herein pressing together a first end plate, one or more intermediate plates, and a second end plate using a press to form a hydrogen purifier module, and placing a plurality of clips around the hydrogen purifier module to hold the first end plate, the one or more intermediate plates, and the second end plate together.

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Номер записи: 51
26-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

Номер: US20130248768A1
Автор: ZACHAR Oron
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the present invention relate to an apparatus and method for producing syngas where a metal vapor participates in a syngas-producing chemical reaction between steam, methane and optionally carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, the method may be carried out, or the apparatus may be configured so that there is substantially no net production of an oxide of the metal. The syngas may be generated in the context of methanol production, of steam reforming or in any other context. Methods and apparatus for handling the products and by-products of the chemical reaction are disclosed herein. 1. A method of syngas production comprising:{'sub': 4', '2, 'chemically reacting a reaction mixture of CH, HO and vapor of a metal to produce syngas substantially without net production of a non-transient oxide of the metal.'}2. The method of wherein the reaction mixture further includes CO.3. (canceled)4. The method of wherein the mole-ratio value is at most 0.01.5. The method of wherein the mole-ratio value is at most 0.001 or at most 0.0001.628-. (canceled)29. A method of syngas production comprising: [{'sub': 4', '2', '2, 'i) a gas mixture of CH, CO, HO and metal vapor is chemically reacted to produce syngas;'}, 'ii) substantially all metal oxide that is produced during the chemical reaction is regenerated back into non-oxidized metal; and', {'sub': '2', 'iii) the combination of the syngas production and the metal regenerating is net CO-consuming.'}], 'Effecting an industrial process where30. The method of wherein the combination of the syngas production and the metal regenerating is consumed at least 0.15 moles of COfor every mole of CO generated.3167-. (canceled)68. A method of syngas production comprising:{'sub': 4', '2, 'a. providing a flow of CH, HO and optionally carbon dioxide to a reaction chamber at a fixed input ratio;'}{'sub': 4', '2', '4', '2, 'b. within the reaction chamber, chemically reacting a reaction mixture of vapor of a metal, CH, HO and optionally ...

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Номер записи: 52
26-09-2013 дата публикации

LIQUID COMPOSITION HAVING AMMONIA BORANE AND DECOMPOSING TO FORM HYDROGEN AND LIQUID REACTION PRODUCT

Номер: US20130251625A1
Автор: Davis Benjamin Lee, REKKEN Brian David
Принадлежит:

Liquid compositions of ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine borane material were prepared and subjected to conditions suitable for their thermal decomposition in a closed system that resulted in hydrogen and a liquid reaction product. 1. A liquid composition comprising ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine-borane material such that said liquid composition undergoes thermal decomposition to form hydrogen (H) and a liquid reaction product.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition is neat.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises an alkylamine-borane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises n-hexylamine-borane.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises an ionic liquid.6. The liquid reaction product of claim 1 , wherein the suitable amine-borane material comprises methoxypropylamine-borane.7. A process for forming hydrogen claim 1 , comprising:Providing a liquid composition comprising ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine-borane material such that said liquid composition undergoes thermal decomposition to form hydrogen and a liquid reaction product, andsubjecting the liquid composition to conditions suitable for thermal decomposition of the liquid composition to form hydrogen and a liquid reaction product.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the liquid composition is neat.9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises an alkylamine-borane.10. The process of claim 7 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises n-hexylamine-borane.11. The process of claim 7 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises an ionic liquid.12. The process of claim 7 , wherein the suitably chosen amine-borane material comprises methoxypropylamine-borane. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/615,650, filed ...

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Номер записи: 53
03-10-2013 дата публикации

Wire standoffs for stackable structural reactors

Номер: US20130259767A1
Автор: Brian L. Davis, Joseph W. WHITTENBERGER, William A. Whittenberger
Принадлежит: Catacel Corp

A wire standoff suitable for use in a tubular reactor, such as a reformer, is described. The wire standoff includes a portion or segment positioned between an outer reactor tube and one or more reactor components located within the tube. The reactor components and the outer tube are prevented from coming into directed contact with one another by the positioning of the wire standoff. The wire standoff can be secured to a reactor component at one of its ends or to a washer located between stacked reactor components. Prevention of the reactor components from contact with the outer tube promotes fluid flow through the reactor and can enhance heat transfer and reactor efficiency for carrying out catalytic reactions.

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Номер записи: 54
03-10-2013 дата публикации

Temporary desulphurization reactor for pre-treating a hydrocarbon feed before steam reforming with a view to hydrogen production

Номер: US20130261351A1
Автор: Cedric Nebois, Fabrice Giroudiere, MICHEL Thomas
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

The present invention describes a process for pre-treating a steam reforming feed containing sulphur-containing compounds, using two desulphurization reactors: a temporary desulphurization reactor ( 1010 ) containing an active adsorbent solid; a permanent desulphurization reactor ( 1003 ) placed upstream of the steam reforming unit, which contains an adsorbent solid in the passivated state, necessitating a depassivation phase in order to be rendered active; the temporary desulphurization reactor ( 1010 ) being disconnected as soon as the adsorbent solid of the permanent desulphurization reactor ( 1003 ) has been activated, and the volume of the temporary desulphurization reactor being in the range 1/20 to 1/200 times the volume of the permanent desulphurization reactor.

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Номер записи: 55
17-10-2013 дата публикации

Compact Pressure Swing Reformer

Номер: US20130270484A1
Автор: Alizadeh-Khiavi Soheil, Cox Brooke, Hatami Kamal, Musselman Daryl
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

Embodiments of a compact pressure swing reformer are disclosed. Certain embodiments have a construction comprising multiple rotating reformer beds, high temperature rotary valves at the bed ends, and E-seals to seal the beds to the valves. Several possible designs for introducing reactants into the beds also are disclosed. The multiple reformer beds are configured to provide for pressure equalization and ‘steam push’. The compact pressure swing reformer is suitable for use in fuel cell vehicle applications. 16-. (canceled)7. A pressure swing reformer , comprising:a reformer bed assembly comprising greater than two reactor beds, wherein each of the reactor beds has a feed end and a product end;one or more valves located at the feed end of each of the reactor beds;one or more valves located at the product end of each of the reactor beds; andone or more interconnections between the one or more valves located at the feed end and the one or more valves located at the product end of each of the reactor beds, wherein the one or more interconnections are configured to provide for pressure equalizations between the reactor beds.8. The pressure swing reformer of wherein the one or more interconnections allow for an interconnection between the product ends of one or more pairs of the reactor beds.9. The pressure swing reformer of wherein the one or more interconnections allow for an interconnection between the product ends of more than two of the reactor beds.10. The pressure swing reformer of wherein the one or more interconnections allow for interconnection between the feed ends of more than two reactor beds.11. The pressure swing reformer of wherein the reformer bed assembly comprises nine reactor beds.12. The pressure swing reformer of further comprising one or more feed end rotary valves claim 7 , wherein the one or more valves located at the feed end of each of the reactor beds are incorporated into the one or more feed end rotary valves.13. The pressure swing reformer ...

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Номер записи: 56
24-10-2013 дата публикации

PARTIAL OXIDATION FEED SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20130277615A1
Автор: Leininger Thomas Frederick, Li Shiguang, Steele Raymond Douglas
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

A system includes a slag additive slurry feed system configured to combine a slurrying agent, a mineral slag additive, and a liquid slurrying medium to generate a stabilized mineral slurry. The slurrying agent is configured to increase a viscosity of the stabilized mineral slurry. The system also includes a partial oxidation system configured to receive the stabilized mineral slurry, a feedstock, and oxygen into a gasifier reaction chamber. The partial oxidation system is configured to partially oxidize the feedstock to produce a gaseous product and a solid product. 1. A system , comprising:a slag additive slurry feed system configured to combine a slurrying agent, a mineral slag additive, and a liquid slurrying medium to generate a stabilized mineral slurry, wherein the slurrying agent is configured to increase a viscosity of the stabilized mineral slurry; anda partial oxidation system configured to receive the stabilized mineral slurry, a feedstock, and oxygen into a gasifier reaction chamber, wherein the partial oxidation system is configured to partially oxidize the feedstock to produce a gaseous product and a solid product.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the slurrying agent is configured to decrease a settling rate of solids within the stabilized mineral slurry claim 1 , wherein the solids comprise minerals.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the settling rate of the stabilized mineral slurry is between approximately 5×10to 1×10cm/s.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the slurrying agent comprises an organic compound configured to partially oxidize in the gasifier reaction chamber.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized mineral slurry is configured to increase a viscosity of a molten slag inside the gasifier reaction chamber.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the slurrying agent comprises at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose claim 1 , sucrose claim 1 , wood pulp claim 1 , paper pulp claim 1 , cellulosic materials claim 1 , long-chain polymers ...

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Номер записи: 57
31-10-2013 дата публикации

GAS SEPARATION APPARATUS, MEMBRANE REACTOR, AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION APPARATUS

Номер: US20130287678A1
Автор: Hanai Nobuaki, KAMIO Eiji, Kiyohara Yasato, Okada Osamu, TERAMOTO MASAAKI
Принадлежит: Renaissance Energy Corporation

In a gas separation apparatus that separates carbon dioxide and water vapor from a first mixture gas containing a predetermined major component gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, the energy utilization efficiency thereof is improved. Also, by utilizing the function of this gas separation apparatus, a membrane reactor and a hydrogen production apparatus exhibiting high energy utilization efficiency are provided. The gas separation apparatus is constructed to include a first separation membrane and a second separation membrane that are made of different materials. When the first mixture gas is supplied at a temperature of 100° C. or higher, the first separation membrane separates a second mixture gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor that permeate through the first separation membrane by allowing carbon dioxide and water vapor to permeate selectively. When the second mixture gas is supplied, the second separation membrane separates water vapor that permeates through the second separation membrane by allowing water vapor to permeate selectively. 1. A gas separation apparatus that separates carbon dioxide and water vapor individually from a first mixture gas containing a predetermined major component gas and at least carbon dioxide and water vapor , the gas separation apparatus comprising a first separation membrane and a second separation membrane that are made of different materials , whereinwhen the first mixture gas is supplied, the first separation membrane separates a second mixture gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor from the first mixture gas by allowing carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixture gas to permeate selectively, andwhen the second mixture gas is supplied, the second separation membrane separates water vapor from the second mixture gas by allowing water vapor contained in the second mixture gas to permeate selectively.2. The gas separation apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the first ...

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Номер записи: 58
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Methods and systems for generating polyols

Номер: US20130289302A1
Автор: Randy D. Cortright
Принадлежит: Virent Inc

Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

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Номер записи: 59
07-11-2013 дата публикации

FUEL PROCESSOR

Номер: US20130294976A1
Автор: Mita Yuki, Nakamura Masatoshi, Nobuoka Masaki
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel processor that can reduce reforming catalyst deterioration caused by thermal deformation of a structure. The fuel processor includes a reformer that is fed with fuel gas to refine hydrogen-rich reformed gas by a reaction of a reforming catalyst . A plurality of partition plates for dividing the reforming catalyst are provided in a space filled with the reforming catalyst between an internal cylinder and an external cylinder . All the partition plates are cantilevered from the external cylinder, preventing the partition plates from coming into contact with each other in temperature variations. This can reduce deterioration such as crushing or powdering that is caused by a compressive stress of the reforming catalyst

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Номер записи: 60
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Flex-Fuel Hydrogen Generator for IC Engines and Gas Turbines

Номер: US20130312384A1
Автор: Hwang Herng Shinn
Принадлежит:

An on-board Flex-Fuel HGenerator provides devices and the methods of operating these devices to produce Hand CO from hydrocarbons and bio-fuels. One or more parallel autothermal reformers are used to convert the fuels into Hover the Pt group metal catalysts without external heat and power. The produced reformate is then cooled and the dry gas is compressed and stored in vessels at a pressure between 1 to 100 atmospheres. For this system, the pressure of the storage vessels and the flow control curves are used directly to control the amount of the reformers' reformate output. 1). An on-board Flex-Fuel HGenerator provides devices and the methods of operating these devices comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a). Providing one or more parallel autothermal (ATR) reformers for producing Hand CO from hydrocarbons and/or bio-fuels over the supported and/or unsupported Pt group catalysts;'}b). Providing one automatic control system comprising a control computer and/or microprocessors, flow meters/controllers, valves, pumps, sensors and thermocouples;c). Providing a stream of the ATR reformer's inlet fuel mixture comprising at least one oxidant, one fuel and one water/steam selected from the reactant supply group consisting of liquid fuel loop, gas fuel loop, water supply loop, air supply loop, water electrolyzer loop, exhaust gas recycle (EGR) loop, water recycle loop and reformate recycle loop;{'sub': '2', "d). Reacting the stream of said inlet fuel mixture over the catalysts inside the ATR reformer with the system's own heat and electricity to produce a reformate containing Hand CO from fuels;"}e). Providing one or more vessels/manifolds for storing the condensed water for the reformers and also the produced dry reformate from the ATR reformers between 1 to 100 atmospheres for the downstream IC engine/gas turbines;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, "f). Providing one or more flow control curves for regulating each reactant's flow rate by the pressure of the storage vessels, wherein the control ...

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Номер записи: 61
28-11-2013 дата публикации

HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE COOLING OF HOT GASES AND HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM

Номер: US20130313482A1
Автор: Basini Luca Eugenio, Wilhelm Alfred Joachim
Принадлежит: ENI S.P.A.

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for the cooling of hot gases by means of a cooling fluid, said exchanger comprising: at least one vertically oriented tank containing a cooling fluid bath and having a collection space of the vapour phase generated above said cooling fluid bath, at least one vertical tubular element inserted inside said tank, open at the ends and coaxial to said tank, at least one spiral duct which rotates around the axis of the tank, inserted in said coaxial tubular element, at least one outlet for the vapour phase generated on the head of said tank, said exchanger characterized in that at least one transfer line is inserted in the lower part of the vertical tank for feeding the hot gases to said tank, said transfer line being open at the two ends, of which one is connected with the vertical tank and the other is free and outside said tank, said transfer line being tubular and protruding laterally outside said exchanger, said transfer line containing at least one central internal duct having an outer jacket in which a cooling fluid circulates, said central internal duct being in fluid connection with the spiral duct and developing vertically along the tubular element inserted in the vertical tank. 1. A heat exchanger for the cooling of hot gases by means of a cooling fluid , said exchanger comprising:at least one vertically oriented tank containing a cooling fluid bath and having a collection space of the vapour phase generated above said cooling fluid bath,at least one vertical tubular element inserted inside said tank, open at the ends and coaxial to said tank,at least one spiral duct which turns around the axis of the tank, inserted in said coaxial tubular element, andat least one outlet for the vapour phase generated on the head of said tank,wherein at least one transfer line is inserted in the lower part of the vertical tank for feeding the hot gases to said tank,said transfer line being open at the two ends, of which one is ...

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Номер записи: 62
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Carbon capture in fermentation

Номер: US20130316424A1
Автор: Christophe Collet, Michael Cockrem, Michael Koepke, Sean Dennis Simpson, Simon David Oakley
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO. The methods of the invention include converting CO to one or more products including alcohols and/or acids and optionally capturing CO2 to improve overall carbon capture. In certain aspects, the invention relates to processes for producing alcohols, particularly ethanol, from industrial waste streams, particularly steel mill off-gas.

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Номер записи: 63
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Methods for co-production of alkylbenzene and biofuel from natural oils using hydrocracking

Номер: US20130317267A1
Автор: Amarendra Anumakonda, Andrea G. Bozzano, Joao Jorge da Silva Ferreira Alves, Srikantiah Raghuram
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Embodiments of methods for the production of linear alkylbenzene and optionally biofuel from a natural oil are provided. A method comprises the step of deoxygenating the natural oils to form paraffins. A first portion of the paraffins is hydrocracked to form a first stream of normal and lightly branched paraffins in the C 9 to C 14 range and a second stream of isoparaffins. The first stream is dehydrogenated to provide mono-olefins. Then, benzene is alkylated with the mono-olefins under alkylation conditions to provide an alkylation effluent comprising alkylbenzenes and benzene. Thereafter, the alkylbenzenes are isolated to provide the alkylbenzene product. Optionally a second portion of the paraffins and the isoparaffins are processed to form biofuel.

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Номер записи: 64
05-12-2013 дата публикации

MEMBRANE REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS PRODUCT WITH SUCH REACTOR

Номер: US20130323162A1
Автор: De Groot Arend, Saric Marija, Van Delft Yvonne Christine
Принадлежит:

The invention provides an integrated catalyst and membrane reactor for the production a predetermined gas such as hydrogen. The reactor comprises a gas flow channel, comprising a plurality of alternating catalyst sections and membrane sections, wherein each catalyst section comprises a catalyst bed and each membrane section comprises a plurality of membranes, and wherein the membranes are selectively permeable for the predetermined gaseous species. 124-. (canceled)25. An integrated catalyst and membrane reactor comprising: a gas flow channel comprising a plurality of alternating catalyst sections and membrane sections; wherein each catalyst section comprises a catalyst bed and each membrane section comprises a plurality of tubular gas membranes which are selectively permeable for a predetermined gaseous species , wherein the tubular gas membranes are configured in a cross-flow arrangement relative to a gas flow through the gas flow channel.26. An integrated catalyst and membrane reactor comprising: a gas flow channel comprising a plurality of alternating catalyst sections and membrane sections , wherein each catalyst section comprises a catalyst bed and each membrane section comprises a plurality of tubular gas membranes which are selectively permeable for a predetermined gaseous species , wherein the tubular gas membranes extend through the plurality of membrane sections.27. The reactor according to claim 25 , wherein a majority of the tubular gas membranes is not in physical contact with the catalyst beds claim 25 , and wherein none of the tubular gas membranes is in physical contact with the catalyst beds.28. The reactor according to claim 25 , wherein the membrane sections comprise bundles of membranes claim 25 , in a cross-flow arrangement relative to the gas flow through the membrane sections claim 25 , and wherein at least 20% of the volume of the membrane sections is occupied by the bundles of tubular membranes.29. The reactor according to claim 25 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 65
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Desulfurization system, hydrogen-manufacturing system, fuel-cell system, fuel-desulfurization method, and method for manufacturing hydrogen

Номер: US20130323612A1
Автор: Hisao Sakoda, Kazunori Miyazawa, Kimika Ishizuki, Manabu Kawabata
Принадлежит: JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp

A desulfurization system includes: a fuel supply part for supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel containing water and a sulfur compound to a subsequent stage; and a desulfurization part for desulfurizing the above hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied from the above fuel supply part, wherein, in the above desulfurization part, the above hydrocarbon-based fuel is brought into contact at a temperature of 65 to 105° C. with a catalyst prepared by loading silver on an X-type zeolite.

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Номер записи: 66
19-12-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACETYLENE AND SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20130334464A1
Автор: Grossschmidt Dirk, Haider Mirko, Hayes Michael L., Neuhauser Horst, RUSS Michael, Vicari Maximilian, Weichert Christian
Принадлежит:

A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, is disclosed. The process consists of separately preheating and then mixing a first input stream containing a hydrocarbon and a second input stream containing oxygen, supplying the first input stream and the second input stream via a burner block to a firing space, quenching a cracking gas obtained to produce a process water stream and a product gas stream, cooling the product gas stream in a cooling column by direct heat exchange with cooling water, depleting soot in an electrostatic filter, combining all process water streams and passing through soot channels, subjecting the combined process water stream to a cleaning operation by partial vaporization in a one-stage flash vessel to obtain a cleaned process water stream, and recycling the cleaned process water stream into the process. 1. A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen , the process comprising:separately preheating a first input stream comprising a hydrocarbon and a second input stream comprising oxygen,mixing the first input stream and the second input stream in a ratio of mass flow rates of the second input stream to the first input stream corresponding to an oxygen ratio λ of less than or equal to 0.31, wherein the oxygen ratio λ is a ratio of an amount of oxygen actually present in the second input stream to a stoichiometrically necessary amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of the hydrocarbon present in the first input stream;supplying the first input stream and the second input stream via a burner block to a firing space in which the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon takes place to obtain a cracking gas;{'sub': liq', 'g, 'quenching the cracking gas to of from 80 to 90 degrees Celsius downstream of the firing space by injecting an aqueous quench medium, to obtain a process water stream Iand a product gas stream I;'}{'sub': g', ...

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Номер записи: 67
19-12-2013 дата публикации

METAL EUTECTIC SUPPORTED METAL CATALYST SYSTEM AND REACTIONS WITH THE METAL CATALYST SYSTEM

Номер: US20130336878A1
Автор: Johnson Allen L.
Принадлежит:

A eutectic supported catalyst system is used in catalyzed chemical reactions. A metal catalyst particle is supported in a eutectic medium. The system may have a) a eutectic composition of at least two metals forming the eutectic composition; and b) metal catalyst particles, preferably of nanometer dimensions, such as from 0.5 to 50 nm. The particles are dispersed throughout the eutectic composition when the eutectic composition is solid, and the particles are dispersed or suspended throughout the eutectic composition when the eutectic composition is in liquid form. At least one metal of the eutectic may comprises lead and a metal in the metal catalyst is a different metal then the metals in the eutectic. The eutectic may be in a liquid state and the metal catalyst particles may be in an equilibrium state within the eutectic. 2. The supported catalyst system of wherein the eutectic is in a liquid state and the metal catalyst particles are in an equilibrium state within the eutectic.3. The supported catalyst system of wherein the eutectic in a liquid state is at a temperature of between 20° C. and 750° C.4. The supported catalyst system of wherein the eutectic in a liquid state is at a temperature of between the melting point of the low melting alloy and higher temperatures and 750° C. and the equilibrium state of the catalyst particles has metal of the metal catalyst dissolving or washing off residues or precipitates on surfaces of the catalyst particles.5. The supported catalyst system of wherein gaseous alcohol bubbles and hydrogen gas bubbles are present within the eutectic.6. A method of catalytically chemically modifying organic compounds in a catalytic reaction comprising:supporting metal catalyst particles having average diameters of from 1-25 nm within a liquid eutectic comprising two metals;flowing a gaseous organic compound as bubbles through the liquid eutectic;the gas bubbles contacting metal catalyst particles exposed from the liquid eutectic against an ...

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Номер записи: 68
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Production of synthesis gas through the use of a solar receiver decoupled from a reforming reactor

Номер: US20140008579A1
Автор: Robbie Mcnaughton
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO

A process for the production of syngas comprising the steps of: forming a gaseous reactant mixture comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; reforming the reactant mixture in a reforming reactor at a target reforming temperature to produce hydrogen gas, the reactant mixture is heated by a heat transfer fluid that, prior to heating the reactant mixture, passes through a concentrated solar energy receiver. The volumetric ratio of heat transfer fluid between the receiver and the reforming reactor to the heat transfer fluid in the receiver is less than fifty.

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Номер записи: 69
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

Номер: US20140014878A1
Автор: Joe D. Allison, Kristi A. Fjare, Roland Schmidt, Uchenna Prince Paul
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

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Номер записи: 70
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Method of removing heavy hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140021094A1
Автор: Fuyuki Yagi, Kenichi Kawazuishi, Shuhei Wakamatsu, Tomoyuki Mikuriya
Принадлежит: Chiyoda Corp, Cosmo Oil Co Ltd, Inpex Corp, Japan Oil Gas and Metals National Corp, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd, JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp, Nippon Steel and Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd

Heavy hydrocarbons contained in FT off gas of a GTL process are removed by bringing the FT off gas into contact with absorption oil, by introducing the FT off gas into a distillation tower, by cooling the FT off gas or by driving the FT off gas into an adsorbent. A burner tip for heating a reformer tube, using FT off gas as fuel, is prevented from being plugged by the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons contained in the FT off gas.

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Номер записи: 71
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Anti-Soot Reformer

Номер: US20140023560A1
Автор: Chin-Lee Chiu, Ching-Kuei Chen, Wen-Tang Hong, YU Chao
Принадлежит: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research

A novel reformer is provided. A gas fuel is guided from a fuel channel. Air and water are guided from a liquid/gas channel. They are mixed together in a mixing space. On mixing them, the temperature of the mixing space is between 150° C. and 300° C. Thus, the reactants are preheated and fully mixed; and a proper temperature is reached to avoid local over-heating and to prevent carbon deposited.

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Номер записи: 72
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Solid oxide fuel cell device

Номер: US20140023946A1
Автор: Hajime Omura, Katsuhisa Tsuchiya, Naoki Watanabe, Shuhei Tanaka, Takuya Hoshiko, Takuya Matsuo, Toshiharu Otsuka, Toshiya Abe, Yousuke Akagi
Принадлежит: TOTO LTD

To provide a fuel cell device capable of extending the years of service life of a reformer by suppressing thermal runaways. The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell device, including a fuel cell module having fuel cell units; a reformer disposed above the fuel cell units, for producing hydrogen by a partial oxidation reforming reaction and a steam reforming reaction; a vaporizing chamber disposed adjacent to the reformer; a combustion chamber for heating the vaporization chamber; a water supply device; an electrical generation oxidant gas supply device; and a controller for raising the fuel cell units to a temperature at which electrical generation is possible; whereby over the entire period of the startup step, the reforming oxidant gas supply device and water supply device are controlled so that partial oxidation reforming reactions do not occur independently in the reformer.

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Номер записи: 73
30-01-2014 дата публикации

Single Layer Gas Processing

Номер: US20140026485A1
Автор: John Jasbinsek, Paul G. Katona
Принадлежит: CO2-Fuel LLC

A process for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into a medium BTU gas is disclosed. The CO2 gas may be injected into a reactor alone or simultaneously with a hydrocarbon gas and converted into a gas product suitable for further processing. The conversion process may include molten layers of iron and reactive slag in an upwardly flowing reactor operated under oxygen lean conditions.

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Номер записи: 74
06-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING GAS PRODUCTS FROM SYNGAS

Номер: US20140034878A1
Автор: Glaser Jurgen
Принадлежит: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

The invention relates to a method and a device for recovering a first gas product () consisting essentially of hydrogen and a second gas product () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein a synthesis gas () generated by partial oxidation (POX) from a production substance () containing a coal and/or heavy oil is transformed by conversion (S) and subsequent drying and the removal of acid gases (A) into a hydrogen-rich gas mixture (), which in turn is decomposed into a hydrogen fraction () of product purity and a residue gas () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. According to the invention, at least a part () of the residue gas () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used to recover the second gas product (). 113124367810812. A method for recovering a first gas product () consisting essentially of hydrogen and a second gas product () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide , wherein a synthesis gas () generated by partial oxidation (POX) from a production substance () containing a coal and/or heavy oil is transformed by conversion (S) followed by drying and the removal of acid gases (A) into a hydrogen-rich gas mixture () , which in turn is decomposed into a hydrogen fraction () of product purity and a residue gas () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide , characterised in that at least a part () of the residue gas () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used to recover the second gas product () containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.289712. The method according to claim 1 , characterised in that residue gas () is mixed with a part () of the hydrogen fraction () having product purity in order to produce the second gas product ().35. The method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the conversion (S) yields a partly converted gas mixture () containing defined proportions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.45. The method according to claim 1 , characterised in that during the acid gas removal (A) carbon dioxide is only incompletely ...

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Номер записи: 75
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Apparatus and method for rapidly producing synthetic gas from bio-diesel by-product using microwave plasma

Номер: US20140054504A1
Автор: Jae Goo Lee, Sang Jun Yoon, Yong Ku Kim
Принадлежит: Korea Institute of Energy Research KIER

Provided are an apparatus and a method for rapidly producing a synthetic gas from a bio-diesel byproduct using microwave plasma, in which, while a plasma flame is generated by a plasma generator and waste glycerin, a bio-diesel byproduct, as fuel, is gasified by being supplied to the generated plasma flame of high temperature, the fuel is supplied in various types to increase the contact time or the contact area with the plasma flame and thus promote gasification thereof and the contents of steam and oxygen supplied and the plasma power are controlled to increase the collection amount of combustible gas and thus allow rapid production of the synthetic gas.

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Номер записи: 76
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Method of Recovering Chemicals

Номер: US20140054506A1
Автор: MELIN Kristian, Parviainen Kari
Принадлежит: AALTO UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels. 2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based waste liquor from a biorefinery is subjected to partial wet oxidation.3. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that waste liquor is generated from alkali dissolution of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from dissolving of lignin-bearing pulp claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of residual pulp.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based black liquor or waste liquor from a pulp mill is subjected to partial wet oxidation.5. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the partial wet oxidation and possible additional vaporisation claim 1 , bicarbonate claim 1 , carbonate or sulphate salts are precipitated.6. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the partial wet oxidised black liquor is led to separation claim 1 , where lignin claim 1 , bicarbonate and/or silicate compounds are ...

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Номер записи: 77
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Oxygen transport membrane system and method for transferring heat to catalytic/process reactors

Номер: US20140056774A1
Автор: Brian R. Kromer, Charles Robinson, Gervase Maxwell Christie, Jamie R. WILSON, Lawrence W. Kosowski, Lee J. Rosen, Michael M. Litwin, Sean M. Kelly
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A method and apparatus for producing heat used in a synthesis gas production process is provided. The disclosed method and apparatus include a plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements adapted to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing stream contacting the retentate side of the membrane elements. The permeated oxygen is combusted with a hydrogen containing synthesis gas stream contacting the permeate side of the tubular oxygen transport membrane elements thereby generating a reaction product stream and radiant heat. The present method and apparatus also includes at least one catalytic reactor containing a catalyst to promote the steam reforming reaction wherein the catalytic reactor is surrounded by the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements. The view factor between the catalytic reactor and the plurality of tubular oxygen transport membrane elements radiating heat to the catalytic reactor is greater than or equal to 0.5.

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Номер записи: 78
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Natural Gas to Liquid Fuels

Номер: US20140058001A1
Автор: Greer F. Conrad
Принадлежит: GREENWAY INNOVATIVE ENERGY, INC.

A method and apparatus for converting natural gas from a source, such as a wellhead, pipeline, or a storage facility, into hydrocarbon liquid stable at room temperature, comprising a skid or trailer mounted portable gas to liquids reactor. The reactor includes a preprocessor which desulfurizes and dehydrates the natural gas, a first stage reactor which transforms the preprocessed natural gas into synthesis gas, and a liquid production unit using a Fischer-Tropsch or similar polymerization process. The hydrocarbon liquid may be stored in a portable tank for later transportation or further processed on site. 1. A method for transforming natural gas into hydrocarbon in a portable gas to liquid conversion unit , comprising:removing sulfur from the natural gas in a desulfurization unit mounted on a portable platform;converting the natural gas into synthesis gas using a hydrogenation unit mounted on the portable platform;polymerizing the synthesis gas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor mounted on the portable platform to polymerize said synthesis gas to produce liquid fuel; andpassing the liquid fuel through a fractionation tower mounted on the portable platform.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portable platform is a truck trailer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation unit is selected from the group consisting of claim 1 , but not limited to:a hydrogen generator;a steam methane reformer;an auto thermal reformer; anda hydrogen tank.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen generator or the Fischer-Tropsch reactor or both comprise:a plurality of catalyst-filled pipes wrapped around a center cooling pipe.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst-filled pipes further comprise:one or more trays configured to hold a catalyst, the trays configured to ensure a high area-to-volume ratio for the catalyst and to ensure a uniform flow over the catalyst.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen generator or the Fischer-Tropsch reactor or both comprise: ...

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Номер записи: 79
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Hydrogen generation assemblies and hydrogen purification devices

Номер: US20140065021A1
Автор: David J. Edlund
Принадлежит: David J. Edlund

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

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Номер записи: 80
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Synthesis Gas Reaction and Processing System

Номер: US20140066527A1
Автор: Gregory Carr, Louis DENOMME, Melissa GAUCHER
Принадлежит: Individual

A process wherein synthesis gas is reacted to produce desired products, such as alcohols, and wherein by-products, such as methane, are reformed to provide hydrogen and carbon monoxide that is recycled to the feed of synthesis gas. The process also may provide for the recycle of unreacted hydrogen and unreacted carbon monoxide to the feed of synthesis gas.

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Номер записи: 81
13-03-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20140070143A1
Автор: Bartels Katja, Judas Frederic, Mueller-Hagedorn Matthias
Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

For producing synthesis gas by autothermal reformation of gaseous, liquid and/or solid fuels, the fuel is reacted with an oxidizing agent in a reaction space at a pressure of 10 to 120 bar and a reaction space temperature of 800 to 2,000° C. to obtain synthesis gas, wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced centrally in the upper region of the reaction space and wherein a flame is formed in the reaction space. The oxidizing agent is introduced into the reaction space separate from the fuel. 1. A process for producing synthesis gas by autothermal reformation of gaseous , liquid and/or solid fuels , in which the fuel is reacted with an oxidizing agent in a reaction space at a pressure of 10 to 120 bar and a reaction space temperature of 800 to 2 ,000° C. to obtain synthesis gas , wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced centrally in the upper region of the reaction space and wherein a flame is formed in the reaction space , wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced into the reaction space separate from the fuel.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is introduced into a recirculation zone of the flame at one or more points.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced into the reaction space with a swirl.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced into the reaction space along with a moderator.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is introduced into the reactor in atomized form.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein a moderator is used as atomizing medium.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein fuel is introduced into the reaction space via several inlets and that different fuels are supplied through the individual fuel inlets.8. A reactor for producing synthesis gas in a reaction space with an inlet for fuel and an inlet for oxidizing agent claim 1 , wherein the supply conduit for the oxidizing agent is provided centrally in the upper region of the ...

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Номер записи: 82
13-03-2014 дата публикации

HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS, FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF OPERATING HYDROGEN GENERATION APPARATUS

Номер: US20140072892A1
Автор: Fujihara Seiji, Kawaguchi Youji, Maenishi Akira, Narita Satoru, Nobuoka Masaki, Taguchi Kiyoshi, Ukai Kunihiro, Wakita Hidenobu
Принадлежит:

A hydrogen generation apparatus including: a first desulfurizer; a second desulfurizer; a reformer to generate a hydrogen-containing reformed gas from a raw material gas from which sulfur has been removed by at least one of the first desulfurizer and the second desulfurizer; and a recycle passage through which a part of the reformed gas generated by the reformer is mixed into the raw material gas to be supplied to the second desulfurizer. After installation or maintenance of the hydrogen generation apparatus, the raw material gas is supplied to the reformer through the first desulfurizer until a catalyst in the second desulfurizer is activated by a mixed gas of the reformed gas supplied through the recycle passage and the raw material gas, and after the catalyst in the second desulfurizer is activated, the raw material gas is supplied to the reformer through the second desulfurizer. 1. A hydrogen generation apparatus comprising:a first desulfurizer configured to remove a sulfur component from a raw material gas at a normal temperature;a second desulfurizer configured to remove the sulfur component from the raw material gas by hydrogenating the sulfur component;a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing reformed gas from the raw material gas from which the sulfur component has been removed by at least one of the first desulfurizer and the second desulfurizer; anda recycle passage through which a part of the reformed gas generated by the reformer is mixed into the raw material gas that is to be supplied to the second desulfurizer, whereinthe hydrogen generation apparatus is configured such thatafter installation or maintenance of the hydrogen generation apparatus, the raw material gas is supplied to the reformer through the first desulfurizer until a catalyst in the second desulfurizer is activated by a mixed gas of the reformed gas supplied through the recycle passage and the raw material gas, andafter the catalyst in the second desulfurizer is reduced ...

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Номер записи: 83
03-04-2014 дата публикации

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR SYNTHESIS GAS RECAPTURE

Номер: US20140093446A1
Автор: Hensley Daniel L., Weaver Daniel C., Weaver Samuel C., Weaver Samuel P.
Принадлежит: PROTON POWER, INC.

Methods, systems, and/or devices for synthesis gas recapture are provided, which may include methods, systems, and/or devices for filtering a synthesis gas stream. In some cases, tars, particulates, water, and/or heat may be removed from the synthesis gas stream through the filtering of the synthesis gas stream. The filtered synthesis gas stream may then be captured and/or utilized in a variety of different ways. Some embodiments utilizing a C—O—H compound to filter a synthesis gas stream. In some embodiments, the C—O—H compound utilized to filter the synthesis gas stream may be utilized to produce additional synthesis gas. The additional synthesis gas may be filtered by additional C—O—H compound. 1. A method of recapture for a synthesis gas stream , the method comprising:generating the synthesis gas stream; andfiltering the synthesis gas stream through a compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein filtering the synthesis gas stream comprises:removing at least tars, particulates, water, or heat from the synthesis gas stream.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:utilizing the compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to produce an additional synthesis gas stream after the compound filters the synthesis gas stream.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:filtering the additional synthesis gas stream produced through an additional compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:capturing hydrogen gas from the filtered synthesis gas stream.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:capturing the filtered synthesis gas.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:directing the filtered synthesis gas to subsystem for utilization.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein producing the additional synthesis gas comprising:combining water with the compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form a wet compound;transferring the wet compound to a reaction chamber; ...

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Номер записи: 84
10-04-2014 дата публикации

System and method for supplying hydrogen and deuterium to lenr and e-cat based energy generating systems

Номер: US20140099252A1
Автор: Daniel Roman Gamota, Marc Kenneth Chason, Rick Latella
Принадлежит: Individual

An approach for supplying hydrogen and/or deuterium to LENR and E-Cat based energy generating systems includes receiving a source material that is rich in hydrogen and/or deuterium. A gaseous form of at least one of those elements is extracted from the source material via electrochemical dissociation, hydrocarbon recovery, or a suitable mechanical process. The gaseous form of the element is preferably filtered to remove water vapor and other impurities before being pressurized and supplied to the energy generating system. Advantages of the approach include enhanced safety and system portability due to elimination of a need for pressurized gas storage tanks.

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Номер записи: 85
10-04-2014 дата публикации

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20140100294A1
Автор: Bromberg Leslie, Cohn Daniel R., Surma Jeffrey E.
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel. 1. A method for converting hydrocarbon material to liquid fuel comprising;utilizing a renewable energy source to generate oxygen;supplying a combination of oxygen and steam to a synthesis gas generation unit, wherein relative amounts of the oxygen and steam vary in accordance with an amount of the renewable energy source used;feeding hydrocarbon feedstock to the synthesis gas generation unit;producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit using a combination of steam reformation and partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon feedstock; andconverting the synthesis gas into a liquid fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying oxygen to the synthesis gas generation unit from an oxygen producing unit.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising storing oxygen produced by the oxygen producing unit and using the oxygen at a later time.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen producing unit is at least partially powered by the renewable energy source.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing electricity from the renewable energy source to power a plasma included in the synthesis gas generation unit.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amount of oxygen supplied varies in accordance with the amount of plasma included in the synthesis gas generation unit.7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising generating oxygen in parallel with steam ...

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Номер записи: 86
07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REGENERATING ABSORBER BED FOR DRYING COMPRESSED HUMIDIFIED HYDROGEN

Номер: US20160001215A1
Автор: Gordon Bryan, VANZANDt Kyle
Принадлежит: Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc.

A system for compressing and drying hydrogen is provided. The system may have a humidifier configured to receive and humidify a concentrated hydrogen stream and produce a first humidified hydrogen stream. The system may also have a compressor configured to receive and compress the first humidified hydrogen stream, and produce a pressurized humidified hydrogen stream. The system may further have a dryer including a first bed configured to in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream, absorb at least a portion of the humidity, and produce a product hydrogen stream. The first bed may further be configured to in regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the first bed, and produce a second humidified hydrogen stream. 1. A system for compressing hydrogen , comprising:a humidifier configured to receive and humidify a concentrated hydrogen stream and produce a first humidified hydrogen stream;a compressor configured to receive and compress the first humidified hydrogen stream, and produce a pressurized humidified hydrogen stream; and in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream, absorb at least a portion of the humidity, and producing a product hydrogen stream; and', 'in regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the first bed producing a second humidified hydrogen stream., 'a dryer including a first bed configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second humidified hydrogen is supplied to the compressor while the dryer is in regeneration mode.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the dryer further includes a second bed being configured to:in production mode receive the pressurized humidified hydrogen stream and adsorb at least a portion of the humidity, producing a product hydrogen stream; andin regeneration mode receive a portion of the concentrated hydrogen stream to regenerate the second bed producing a second humidified hydrogen ...

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Номер записи: 87
04-01-2018 дата публикации

HEAT AND HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE

Номер: US20180001289A1
Автор: FUJIWARA Kiyoshi, Nishioka Hiromasa, TAKESHIMA Shinichi
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A burner combustion chamber (), a burner () for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber () a reformer catalyst () to which burner combustion gas is fed, and a heat exchange part () for heating the air fed to the burner () are provided. A switching device () able to switch an air flow route for introducing the outside air to the burner () between a high temperature air flow route () for introducing the outside air flowing within the heat exchange part () and heated at the heat exchange part() to the burner () and a low temperature air flow route () for feeding the outside air, which does not flow within the heat exchange part () and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air heated at the heat exchange part (), to the burner () is provided. 1. A heat and hydrogen generation device comprising a housing , a burner combustion chamber formed in the housing , a burner having a fuel injection port and an air feed port for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber , a fuel feed device for feeding fuel to the fuel injection port , an air feed device for feeding air to the air feed port , and a reformer catalyst arranged in the housing and to which a burner combustion gas generated in the burner combustion chamber is fed , the air feed device being provided with a heat exchange part for heating air fed to the air feed port by the burner combustion gas , heat and hydrogen being generated by performing the burner combustion , wherein said air feed device is provided with a switching device able to switch an air flow route for introducing an outside air to said air feed port between a high temperature air flow route for introducing the outside air flowing within said heat exchange part and heated at said heat exchange part to said air feed port and a low temperature air flow route for feeding the outside air , which does not flow within said heat exchange part , and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air ...

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Номер записи: 88
07-01-2021 дата публикации

HYDROGEN AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING PROCESS

Номер: US20210002133A1
Автор: Sanger Robert John
Принадлежит:

A process for on-site hydrogen reforming is disclosed. The process includes providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component in which heated air, steam, and hydrocarbon fuel react to form process gas containing hydrogen, and the process gas is cooled via the heat exchanger. The combined components enable reductions in size, materials, costs, and heat loss. Additionally, as the heat exchanger side of the component operates at a cooler temperature, an uninsulated flange for access to the catalyst chamber can be used. A combined combustion heat exchanger component is also provided with similar advantages. Process gas is processed, and hydrogen gas is produced via a purification process. 1. A hydrogen reforming process comprising the steps of:providing a combined reformer heat exchanger component having a first chamber adapted to enable a reforming reaction and a second chamber adapted to house a first heat exchanger,inputting fuel into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,inputting heated air and steam into said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,enabling a reforming reaction to produce a process gas containing hydrogen in said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,feeding said process gas into said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component,cooling said process gas in said second chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component and allowing said process gas to leave said reformer heat exchanger component at a heat exchanger exit,further cooling said process gas after it leaves said reformer heat exchanger component, andpurifying said process gas and producing a hydrogen product.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:providing a catalyst section having at least one catalyst element within said first chamber of said reformer heat exchanger component to assist in the reforming reaction.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of: ...

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Номер записи: 89
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FUEL CONVERSION

Номер: US20160002034A1
Автор: Fan Liang-Shih, Luo Siwei, ZENG LIANG
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment described herein, fuel may be converted into syngas by a method comprising feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides, transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor, regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor, and recycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for sub-sequent reduction reactions to produce syngas. The composite metal oxides may be solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide. 1. A method for converting fuel into syngas , the method comprising:feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, wherein the composite metal oxides are solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide;reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides;transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor;regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor; andrecycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is natural gas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is natural gas claim 1 , coal claim 1 , biomass claim 1 , petroleum coke claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , residual oil claim 1 , shale gas claim 1 , C-Clight hydrocarbons claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing reactant comprises air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , steam claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 90
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Steam methane reformer system and method of performing a steam methane reforming process

Номер: US20160002035A1
Автор: Jonathan Jay Feinstein, Michael P. RALSTON
Принадлежит: Zoneflow Reactor Technologies LLC

An apparatus includes a furnace having at least one bayonet reforming tube. The furnace is adapted to receive a gas including a hydrocarbon and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide via the bayonet reforming tube, heat and catalytically react the gas to form syngas at a first temperature, cool the syngas to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and eject the syngas from the tube. The furnace has a first effluent stream including flue gas and a second effluent stream including syngas. The apparatus also includes a first heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the first effluent stream to a first heat load including one of air, water, and steam, and a second heat recovery section adapted to transfer heat from the second effluent stream to a second heat load.

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Номер записи: 91
07-01-2016 дата публикации

RADIATING WALL CATALYTIC REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT A CHEMICAL REACTION IN THIS REACTOR

Номер: US20160002036A1
Автор: KOLACZKOWSKI Stanislaw Tadeusz, NAUMANN Dirk, SABERI Babak, SABERI Shadi
Принадлежит: ALANTUM EUROPE GMBH

Disclosed are a radiating wall catalytic reactor for providing heat from the inside wall surface of a reaction chamber by radiation to support an overall endothermic gas phase chemical reaction taking place in the reaction chamber , and a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the reactor. The reaction chamber is provided with an entrance port for introducing a gaseous reactant(s) in a continuous manner into the chamber and an exit port to enable the gaseous product(s) to leave the chamber in a continuous manner. The reaction chamber includes a plurality of catalyst segments (A), which has one void segment (B) on either side of it; and the reaction chamber is made of a material(s) that is (are) suitable to resist a temperature of 700° C. or more. 112-. (canceled)1381161. A radiating wall catalytic reactor for providing heat from the inside wall surface () of a reaction chamber () by radiation () to support an overall endothermic gas phase chemical reaction taking place in the reaction chamber () ,{'b': 1', '2', '1', '3', '1', '1', '5', '4', '6', '8', '6', '9', '5', '6', '1', '15', '1', '8', '1, 'comprising a reaction chamber () with an entrance port () for the introduction of a gaseous reactant(s) in a continuous manner into the reaction chamber () and an exit port () to enable the gaseous product(s) to leave the reaction chamber () in a continuous manner, said reaction chamber () comprising a plurality of catalyst segments (A)(), wherein the reaction chamber is adapted such that a gaseous stream flows through and comes into contact with a catalyst material (), and of void segments (B)(), wherein heat is radiated from the inside wall surface () in the void segment (B) () to a catalyst segment surface () constituting an interface between the catalyst segment (A)() and the void segment (B)(); and a heating means for heating the reaction chamber () such that an outside wall surface () of the reaction chamber () is at a higher temperature than the inside wall ...

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Номер записи: 92
05-01-2017 дата публикации

ENERGETICALLY ENHANCED REFORMING PROCESS

Номер: US20170001862A1
Автор: Albassam Abdulrahman M., Conner Jeremy A., Manousiouthakis Vasilios I.
Принадлежит: The Regents of the University of California

Methods and systems for producing hydrogen from methane or other fuels that has lower input heat requirements than conventional steam reformation schemes are provided. The system has a reactor with a controlled feed of fuel, water/steam, CO and recycle gases. The methods generally use significantly high amounts of steam (water) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the feed that substantially enhances the reaction rate of the water-gas shift reaction, which transforms CO and HO to COand H. Since this reaction is exothermic, its enhancement alters the endothermic nature of the overall reforming process to the point where the overall reforming process is no longer endothermic. The CO requirements may be met in part with the reverse water-gas shift reaction from COproduced by the reactor. The lower heat requirements may be satisfied with renewable sources such as solar or from hydrogen produced by the system. 1. An energy efficient method for the production of hydrogen gas , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '4, '(a) flowing a HO/CO/CHfeed into a reactor;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4, '(b) reforming the feed gases to produce a stream of H, COand residual HO, CO and CHfeed gases;'}{'sub': '2', '(c) separating HO from the stream and recycling separated water to the reactor;'}{'sub': '2', '(d) separating COfrom the stream;'}{'sub': '2', '(e) purifying Hfrom the stream; and'}{'sub': '2', '(f) recycling remaining gases from the Hseparation to the reactor.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', 'converting COfrom the stream to CO; and'}recycling the CO to the reactor feed.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:combusting hydrogen gas from an output stream of purified hydrogen gas to provide system heat requirements.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor feed ratio of HO/CO/CHis 18/15/1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor operating temperature and pressure are 1140K and 5 bar respectively.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat ...

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Номер записи: 93
05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHANE STEAM REFORMING, USING NICKEL/ALUMINA NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST OR NICKEL/SILICA-ALUMINA HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST

Номер: US20170001863A1
Автор: Jung Heon, Lim Tak Hyoung, Park Ji Chan, Yang Jung Il
Принадлежит: KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH

The present invention relates to a method of methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of carrying out methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst wherein nickel metal nanoparticles are uniformly loaded in a high amount on a support via a melt infiltration method with an excellent methane conversion even under a relatively severe reaction condition of a high gas hourly space velocity or low steam supply, and to a catalyst for this method. In addition, the present invention prepares a nickel/silica-alumina hybrid nanocatalyst by mixing the catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration method as the first catalyst and the nickel silica yolk-shell catalyst as the second catalyst, and applies it to the steam reforming of methane to provide a still more excellent catalytic activity even under the higher temperature of ° C. or more with the excellent methane conversion. 150. A method of methane steam reforming with a methane conversion of % or more , which comprisesi) a step of providing a first catalyst for methane steam reforming which is prepared by a first step of grinding and mixing a porous alumina support and a nickel-containing compound having a melting point lower than the porous alumina support, and melt-infiltrating the nickel-containing compound into pores of the surface, inside, or both of the porous alumina support in a closed system at a temperature ranging from the melting point of the nickel-containing compound to ±5° C. higher than the melting point; and a second step of thermally treating the melt-infiltrated composite powder at 400 to 600° C. under reducing gas atmosphere to load nickel particles having the average particle size of 10 nm or less in the porous alumina support; ora nickel silica-alumina hybrid catalyst comprising the first catalyst; and a yolk-shell shaped second catalyst for methane steam reforming which has a nano- or micro- ...

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Номер записи: 94
05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHODS FOR PRODUCING AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM NATURAL GAS AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Номер: US20170001922A1
Автор: IMSHENETSKII Vladimir Vladislavovich, LISHCHINER Losif Lzrailevich, MALOVA Olga Vasilyevna, MEDVEDEV Sergey Vladimirovich, PCHELINTSEV Denis Vasilyevich, TARASOV Andrey Leonidovich
Принадлежит: NGT GLOBAL AG

The invention relates to the field of gas chemistry and, more specifically, to methods and devices for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from natural gas, which involve producing synthesis gas, converting same into methanol, producing, from the methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, a concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and water, separating the water, air stripping hydrocarbon residues from the water, and separating-out the resultant concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen-containing gas, the latter being at least partially used in the production of synthesis gas to adjust the ratio therein of H:CO 1.8-2.3:1, and can be used for producing aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from methanol in the presence of a catalyst is carried out in two consecutively-connected reactors for synthesizing aromatic hydrocarbons: in a first, low-temperature isothermal reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and in a second, high-temperature adiabatic reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons formed in the first reactor, and the subsequent stabilization thereof in an aromatic hydrocarbon concentrate stabilization unit. At least a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed to a synthesis gas production unit and is used for producing synthesis gas using autothermal reforming technology. The installation carries out the method. The achieved technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of producing concentrates of aromatic hydrocarbons. 112to . (canceled)13. A method of converting natural gas into aromatic hydrocarbons , the method comprising:a. mixing natural gas, superheated steam and recycled hydrogen-containing gas to form a first mixture;b. feeding the first mixture into a synthesis gas unit;c. the synthesis gas unit converting the first mixture into a synthesis gas;d. feeding the synthesis gas into a methanol unit;e. the methanol unit ...

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Номер записи: 95
04-01-2018 дата публикации

HEAT AND HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE

Номер: US20180002175A1
Автор: FUJIWARA Kiyoshi, Nishioka Hiromasa, TAKESHIMA Shinichi
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A burner combustion chamber (), a reformer catalyst () to which burner combustion gas is fed, and a heat exchange part () for heating the air fed to the burner () are provided. When the temperature of the reformer catalyst () exceeds the allowable catalyst temperature (TX) or when it is predicted the temperature of the reformer catalyst () will exceed the allowable catalyst temperature (TX), the air circulation route for guiding air to the burner () is switched from a high temperature air circulation route () for guiding air heated by the heat exchange part () to the burner () to a low temperature air circulation route () for guiding air not flowing within the heat exchange part () and lower in temperature than the air heated at the heat exchange part () to the burner (). 1. A heat and hydrogen generation device comprising a burner combustion chamber , a burner arranged in the burner combustion chamber for performing burner combustion , a fuel feed device able to control an amount of feed of fuel fed from the burner into the burner combustion chamber , an air feed device able to control a temperature and amount of feed of air fed from the burner into the burner combustion chamber , an ignition device for causing the fuel to ignite , a reformer catalyst to which burner combustion gas is fed , and an electronic control unit , said air feed device being provided with a heat exchange part for heating the air fed from the burner into the burner combustion chamber by the burner combustion gas , heat and hydrogen being generated by performing the burner combustion , wherein an allowable catalyst temperature enabling heat degradation of said reformer catalyst to be avoided is set in advance , and said electronic control unit controls said air feed device to lower the temperature of the air fed from said burner into the burner combustion chamber for maintaining the temperature of the reformer catalyst at below the allowable catalyst temperature when the burner combustion is ...

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Номер записи: 96
04-01-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

Номер: US20180002248A1
Автор: Kelly Karen Sue, Melnichuk Larry Jack
Принадлежит:

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

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Номер записи: 97
04-01-2018 дата публикации

REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

Номер: US20180002262A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprising introducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME). In some cases, the reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. In some cases, the hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to dimethyl ether (DME).2. The method of wherein said reformer is a fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.3. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane or a hydrogen membrane coated with an erosion resistant layer.4. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.5. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.6. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.7. The method of wherein a renewable fuel is used in the regenerator.8. The method of wherein the renewable fuel comprises landfill gas claim 7 , bio-digester gas claim 7 , pyrolysis oils and liquid fuels claim 7 , spent glycerol claim 7 , biomass derived syngas claim 7 , bio-ethanol.9. The method of wherein the regenerator comprises an air pre-heater and the method utilizes full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the air pre-heater.10. The method of comprising using full or partial displacement of natural gas or natural gas derived syngas with a bio-genic gaseous or liquid fuel in the regenerator.11. The method of wherein the renewable fuel used in the regenerator comprises ...

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Номер записи: 98
04-01-2018 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF METHANE TO DIMETHYL ETHER

Номер: US20180002265A1
Автор: JIANG Weibin, ROBERTSON Mark K., WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

Herein disclosed is a method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprising introducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; and converting synthesis gas to DME in one step. In some cases, the reformer comprises a Ni catalyst. In some cases, the reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor. In some cases, the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane. The hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion. 1. A method of producing dimethyl ether (DME) comprisingintroducing one or more feed streams comprising methane and carbon dioxide into a reformer to generate synthesis gas; andconverting synthesis gas to DME in one step.2. The method of wherein said reformer comprises a Ni catalyst.3. The method of wherein said reformer is a pressurized fluidized bed dry reforming reactor.4. The method of wherein the reformer comprises a hydrogen membrane.5. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane removes hydrogen contained in the synthesis gas and shifts reforming reactions toward completion.6. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane comprises Pd alloy membranes claim 4 , or Pd alloys supported on ceramic or metal substrates.7. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is placed vertically in said reformer as hydrogen membrane tubes hanging from the top of the reformer.8. The method of wherein said hydrogen membrane is coated with an erosion resistant layer.9. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams enter the bottom of the reformer via a manifold or distributor.10. The method of wherein said one or more feed streams fluidize the catalyst in the reformer.11. The method of wherein reformed gas exits the top of the reformer and is separated from spent catalyst.12. The method of wherein spent catalyst is routed to a regenerator in which the catalyst is regenerated.13. The method of wherein regenerated catalyst is ...

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Номер записи: 99
05-01-2017 дата публикации

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20170002271A1
Автор: Bromberg Leslie, Cohn Daniel R., Surma Jeffrey E.
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel. 1. A method , comprising:generating oxygen in an oxygen separation unit utilizing electricity from wind or solar power;supplying the oxygen from the oxygen separation unit to a synthesis gas generation unit;supplying steam to the synthesis gas generation unit;producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit using a combination of steam reformation and partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the synthesis gas generation unit; andconverting the synthesis gas into a fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the synthesis gas into the fuel includes converting the synthesis gas into a liquid fuel.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit prior to supplying the oxygen from the oxygen separation unit to the synthesis gas generation unit.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit includes cryogenically storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing electricity to operate the oxygen separation unit from a solar or wind powered renewable energy source.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit includes operating one or more plasma electrodes in the synthesis gas generation unit to partially oxidize the hydrocarbon feedstock.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 100