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ПОРИСТЫЙ УГЛЕРОДНЫЙ ПРОДУКТ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к получению пористых углеродных изделий и может быть использовано в электродах для топливных ячеек, суперконденсаторах и электрических аккумуляторах, в качестве адсорбентов и других областях. Заявленный способ получения пористого углеродного продукта включает изготовление монолитного шаблона из неорганического матричного материала, имеющего соединенные друг с другом поры, инфильтрирование пор шаблона, углеродом или веществом-предшественником углерода, образующим каркас сырца, содержащий углерод, окруженный матричным материалом, и кальцинирование каркаса сырца, с образованием пористого углеродного продукта. Шаблон получают осаждением ультрадисперсного порошка путем подачи в реакционную зону гидролизуемого или окисляемого исходного соединения матричного материала, где оно превращается в частицы матричного материала путем гидролиза или пиролиза, при этом частицы матричного материала являются агломерированными или агрегированными и образуют шаблон. Технический результат ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА УГЛЯ ИЗ СОЛОМЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБУГЛИВАНИЯ СОЛОМЫ

Изобретения могут быть использованы в угольной промышленности. Устройство для обугливания соломы, предназначенное для осуществления способа производства угля из соломы, содержит резервуар (1) для пиролиза, резервуар (2) для обугливания и регулируемую трубу (3) для подачи кислорода. В канале (4) для подачи кислорода указанной регулируемой трубы (3) предусмотрена дроссельная заслонка (5), а ответвления (6) канала для подачи кислорода, соединенные с указанной регулируемой трубой (3) для подачи кислорода, сообщаются с резервуаром (1) для пиролиза. Резервуар (1) для пиролиза и резервуар (2) для обугливания представляют собой два отдельных блока устройства. Внутри резервуара (1) для пиролиза предусмотрены одна или несколько колосниковых решеток (7) печи типа поворотных пластин, которые соединены с одним или несколькими валами. Резервуар (2) для обугливания расположен ниже канала (8) для выгрузки материала из резервуара (1) для пиролиза и снабжен крышкой, имеющей односторонний вентилятор. Изобретение ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение относится к способу и системе для отделения лигнина от лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, такой как черный щелочной раствор, получаемый на предприятии переработки целлюлозы, и к обработке отделенного лигнина. Способ отделения лигнина от лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, такой как жидкость, получаемая в способе переработки биомассы, например, из черного щелочного раствора, получаемого на предприятии переработки целлюлозы, и обработки отделенного лигнина, включает: осаждение лигнина из лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, последующее подвергание лигнина гидротермальной карбонизации во влажном состоянии, и извлечение углеродсодержащего материала, полученного из лигнина в результате проведения карбонизации после осуществления гидротермальной карбонизации, причем способ дополнительно включает: регулирование размера частиц углеродсодержащего материала путем доведения величины pH лигнина во влажном состоянии перед проведением гидротермальной карбонизации до величины, превышающей 7, ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭНДОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ГАЗОФАЗНЫХ ИЛИ ГАЗ-ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ

Группа изобретений относится к реактору и способу проведения эндотермических газофазных или газ-твердотельных реакций. Способ включает проведение эндотермической реакции на стадии образования продукта в первой зоне реактора, зоне образования продукта, заполненной предварительно нагретыми частицами твердого вещества, выведение потока газа, содержащего продукт и его пропускание через вторую зону реактора, зону рекуперации тепла, причем тепло потока газа, содержащего продукт, накапливается в неподвижном слое, введение тепла в зоне нагрева, которая расположена между зоной образования продукта и зоной рекуперации тепла, пропускание продувочного газа в том же направлении на стадии очистки и пропускание газа в фазе регенерации в обратном направлении, при этом способ проводят циклически. Предложенная концепция способа проведения реакций предоставляет возможность режима работы с интегрированным обратным теплообменом, исключает использование арматуры в горячей области технологического пространства ...

НОВЫЙ КОМПОЗИТНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ СОЕДИНЕНИЕ ЖЕЛЕЗА И ОКСИД ГРАФЕНА

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности и к нанотехнологии. Композитный материал с размером первичных частиц 0,1-100 мкм содержит оксид графена и 0,1-50 мас. % удерживаемого на нём соединения железа, например FeO, FeOили их смеси. Размер частиц соединения железа 0,1-10 нм. В инфракрасном спектре указанного композитного материала практически отсутствует поглощение, происходящее из O-H группы, поглощение, происходящее из C=O группы, и поглощение около 701 см, происходящее из Fe-O группы, но присутствует поглощение, происходящее из C-O группы. Для получения указанного композитного материала соответствующие сырьевые материалы суспендируют в инертном растворителе и облучают полученную суспензию УФ и видимым излучением с длиной волны 100-800 нм от 1 мин до 24 ч. В качестве сырьевого материала соединения железа используют по меньшей мере, один из: соли железа и неорганической кислоты, соли железа и карбоновой кислоты, соли железа и сульфоновой кислоты, гидроксида железа, фенольного железа ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПИРОУГЛЕРОДА

Полезная модель относится к оборудованию для производства углерод-углеродных материалов с высокой насыпной плотностью, которые могут быть использованы в черной и цветной металлургии, в химической и электронной отраслях промышленности. Техническим результатом полезной модели является повышение производительности установки получения пироуглерода за счет упрощения эксплуатации устройства, повышения качества получаемого пироуглерода. Устройство для получения пироуглерода содержит вертикальный реактор, размещенный в высокотемпературной печи, узел подачи перерабатываемого материала, узел подачи углеводородного газа в реактор, узел разгрузки, узел контроля режимных параметров процесса. Узел подачи углеводородного газа в реактор дополнительно содержит баллон с углеводородным газом высокого давления, редуктор, регулятор расхода, ресивер, датчик давления, электромагнитный газовый клапан, обеспечивающие импульсное воздействие на перерабатываемый материал. 1 ил.

Способ высокотемпературного легирования материалов на основе углерода

Изобретение может быть использовано при модификации тонких пленок, порошков, аэрогелей и дисперсий на основе углеродных материалов. Способ легирования оксидом азота (IV) материала на основе углерода включает обработку материала на основе углерода при температуре 50-500°С или при облучении светом УФ, видимого или ИК диапазона в среде, содержащей источник оксида азота (IV), в течение от 1 секунды до 3 месяцев. Концентрация оксида азота (IV) составляет от 10-4 до 99 об. %. В качестве материала на основе углерода используют однослойные углеродные нанотрубки, многослойные углеродные нанотрубки, углеродные нановолокна, графен, малослойный графит. Изобретение позволяет получить стабильные формы углеродных материалов, легированных оксидом азота. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил., 13 пр.

Способ получения углерод-углеродного композиционного материала на пековых матрицах

Изобретение относится к области машиностроения и получению углеродных-углеродных композиционных материалов (УУКМ), которые могут быть использованы для комплектации тяжело нагруженных узлов трения в условиях высокого энергетического нагружения и окислительной среды. Способ получения углерод-углеродного композиционного материала включает обжиг исходных сформованных заготовок на основе углеродных волокон и пековых связующих, последующую промежуточную высокотемпературную обработку, жидкофазное уплотнение полученных пористых заготовок пеком, карбонизацию под давлением и финишную термообработку. Обжиг исходных заготовок проводят при режиме нагрева в интервале температур 400-900°С не более 20°С/ч. Промежуточную высокотемпературную обработку осуществляют при 1750-2200°С и режиме нагрева заготовок в интервале 800-2200°С не более 100°С/ч и содержании в заготовках коксовой матрицы на основе среднетемпературного пека не менее 40%. Изделия уплотняют пеком с содержанием α1-фракции не более 40% до достижения ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕРОД-УГЛЕРОДНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ИЗ УГЛЕПЛАСТИКОВ С ФТАЛОНИТРИЛЬНЫМИ МАТРИЦАМИ

Изобретение может быть использовано в самолетостроении, химической промышленности, металлургии. Для получения углерод-углеродных композиционных материалов (УУКМ) из углепластиков с фталонитрильными матрицами дважды проводят пропитку углеродного наполнителя фталонитрильным связующим с последующей карбонизацией образцов в неокислительной атмосфере. При этом сначала образцы нагревают до температуры 1000±5°С, а повторно до 1800±10°С. Нагрев осуществляют со скоростью 0,1-2°С/мин с выдержкой в течение 1-10 ч. После этого проводят процесс пиронасыщения полученного материала в атмосфере метана при температуре 1800±10°C в течение 1-10 ч. Предложен углерод-углеродный композиционный материал, полученный указанным способом. Изобретение позволяет получить УУКМ, характеризующийся прочностью при межслоевом сдвиге 9,3 - 9,6 МПа, пористостью 0,1 - 0,3 %, плотностью 1,72 - 1,74 г/см3, прочностью при сжатии 79,5 - 93,6 МПа, модулем упругости 12,0 - 13,8 ГПа. 2 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 25 пр., 1 ил.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ГЕЛЯ И ЕГО ПИРОЛИЗАТ, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ, ЭЛЕКТРОД, СФОРМИРОВАННЫЙ ИЗ ПИРОЛИЗАТА, И СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ЕГО СУПЕРКОНДЕНСАТОР

... 1. Несшитая гелевая углеродная композиция (G2), образующая водный полимерный гель, причем композиция представляет собой 5 композицию на основе смолы, получаемой по меньшей мере частично из одного или нескольких полигидроксибензолов R и одного или нескольких альдегидов F, и содержит по меньшей мере один водорастворимый катионный полиэлектролит Р, отличающаяся тем, что композиция образует псевдопластичный физический гель.2. Несшитая гелевая композиция (G2) по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит осажденный форполимер, образующий псевдопластичный гель, представляющий собой продукт реакции форполимеризации и осаждения из водного раствора одного или нескольких полигидроксибензолов R, одного или нескольких альдегидов F, по меньшей мере одного катионного полиэлектролита Ρ и катализатора С в водном растворителе W.3. Несшитая гелевая композиция (G2) по п. 2, отличающаяся тем, что указанный ранее продукт реакции содержит по меньшей мере один катионный полиэлектролит Ρ с массовой долей в интервале ...

БАТАРЕЯ С УГЛЕРОДНЫМИ НАНОТРУБКАМИ И ПОРОШКОМ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО ЛИТИЯ

... 1. Батарея, включающая в себя анод, электрически связанный с катодом, сепаратор, который отделяет упомянутый анод от упомянутого катода, средство для электрической связи между упомянутым анодом и упомянутым катодом, при этом упомянутый анод и упомянутый катод представляет собой углеродную нанотрубку, и упомянутый анод является углеродной нанотрубкой, литированной порошком металлического лития. ! 2. Батарея по п.1, в которой упомянутая углеродная нанотрубка выбрана из группы, состоящей из многостенных нанотрубок, одностенных нанотрубок, нанорожек, наноколокольчиков, стручков, бакиболлов и любой их комбинации. ! 3. Батарея по п.2, в которой упомянутая углеродная нанотрубка содержит одностенные нанотрубки. ! 4. Батарея по п.1, в которой упомянутый сепаратор содержит электролит с солью лития. ! 5. Батарея по п.4, в которой упомянутый электролит является фосфатным или полифосфатным электролитом. ! 6. Батарея по п.1, в которой упомянутая углеродная нанотрубка имеет обратимую емкость свыше 600 ...

СЕТЧАТАЯ СТРУКТУРА УГЛЕРОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ЕЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

Изобретение может быть использовано при изготовлении углеродсодержащих композиционных и конструкционных материалов. Поверхность углеродного материала галогенируют путём его обработки галогенсодержащим газом от 1 с до 24 ч при температуре 0–600 °C. Углеродный материал выбирают из группы, состоящей из активированного угля, углеродного нанорога, углеродного наносвитка, графита, сажи, алмазоподобного углерода, углеродного волокна, графена, аморфного углерода, фуллерена и углеродной нанотрубки. Обработанный углеродный материал контактируют с нуклеофильным соединением, в молекуле которого содержатся две или более нуклеофильных групп, от 1 с до 24 ч с образованием сетчатой структуры, в которой углеродные материалы поперечно сшиты друг с другом через связывающую группу, получаемую из указанного нуклеофильного соединения. Нуклеофильное соединение представляет собой по меньшей мере одно из группы, состоящей из алиароматического амина, ароматического амина, реактива Гриньяра, алкиллития, алкоксида ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КОКСА

... 1. Способ производства кокса, в котором смесь углей формируют путем смешения двух или более типов угля и карбонизуют указанную смесь углей, при этом способ включает в себя предварительный вывод соотношения между межфазным натяжением смеси углей, состоящей из двух или более типов угля, и прочностью кокса, который произведен путем карбонизации указанной смеси углей, получение межфазного натяжения указанной смеси углей с использованием поверхностного натяжения каждого из типов углей, и определение относительных содержаний каждого из указанных типов угля с использованием указанного соотношения между межфазным натяжением и прочностью кокса, которое было предварительно выведено, таким образом, чтобы межфазное натяжение смеси углей находилось в таком интервале, в котором кокс имел бы желаемую прочность.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором поверхностное натяжение угля представляет собой поверхностное натяжение, полученное нагреванием угля при температуре, соответствующей температуре начального размягчения ...

ВОЛОКНО И СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

ЗЕРНИСТЫЙ УГЛЕРОДНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ, ПОЛУЧАЕМЫЙ ИЗ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМОГО СЫРЬЯ, И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

СПОСОБ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

... 1. Способ параллельного получения водорода и одного или нескольких углеродсодержащих продуктов, в соответствии с которым углеводороды вводят в реакционный объем и в присутствии обогащенного углеродом гранулята термически деструктируют на углерод и водород, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере часть необходимой для деструкции углеводородов тепловой энергии предоставляют посредством одного или нескольких газообразных теплоносителей, причем тепловую энергию производят вне реакционного объема, а затем нагретый газообразный теплоноситель вводят в реакционную зону, причем:(i) газообразный теплоноситель инертен в условиях реакции деструкции углеводородов и/или является продуктом этой реакции и в реакционном объеме отдает свое тепло реагенту или реагентам, или(ii) газообразный теплоноситель не вступает в контакт с углеводородным потоком, необходимую для газообразного теплоносителя тепловую энергию производят путем окисления или частичного окисления топлива и образующийся горячий газ обладает температурой ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МАГНИТНЫХ ГРАФИТОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ НИХ

... 1. Способ получения магнитных графитовых материалов, отличающийся тем, что он включает в себя стадии: a) создания реактора (1) со вторым контейнером (3), содержащим графит, и первым контейнером (2), содержащим, по меньшей мере, один оксид переходного металла, графит и, по меньшей мере, один оксид являются мелкодисперсными, первый и второй контейнеры (2, 3) располагаются максимально близко, объемное отношение графита и, по меньшей мере, одного оксида переходного металла равно примерно 1:1, реакционная система является закрытой, находится под давлением с величинами от высокого вакуума (10-7 торр) до 10 атм, в присутствии инертного газа, вводимого через вход (5), и вакуума, создаваемого через выход (6), реактор (1) поддерживают при температурах в пределах между температурой начала реакции, примерно 600°C, и температурой плавления, по меньшей мере, одного оксида переходного металла, с помощью нагревательных устройств (4) в течение 6-36 ч, при этом: i) оксид переходного металла, при разложении ...

СТЕКЛОВИДНАЯ УГЛЕРОДНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

... 1. Способ получения стекловидного углерода, включающий стадии:(I) получения отверждаемого низковязкого жидкого состава, являющегося исходным при получении углерода, включающего (а) по меньшей мере, одну ароматическую эпоксидную смолу; и (b)(i) по меньшей мере, один ароматический отверждающий агент, являющийся сореагентом, (b)(ii) по меньшей мере, один каталитический отверждающий агент или (b)(iii) их смесь; где жидкая исходная композиция имеет вязкость в неразбавленном виде менее 10000 мПа·с при 25°С перед добавлением необязательных компонентов, перед отверждением и перед карбонизацией; и где жидкая исходная композиция при отверждении имеет выход по углероду, составляющий, по меньшей мере, 35% масс. при измерении в отсутствие необязательных компонентов;(II) отверждения жидкого состава со стадии (I) с получением отвержденного продукта; где отвержденный продукт имеет выход по углероду, составляющий, по меньшей мере, 35% масс. при измерении в отсутствие необязательных компонентов;(III) карбонизации ...

ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНАЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК

... 1. Способ, включающий в себя следующие этапы: a) объединение углеродного материала с безводным жидким аммиаком с образованием смеси; b) растворение некоторого количества щелочного металла в смеси с образованием восстановительной смеси; и c) добавление органического галогенида, содержащего органическую часть и галоидную часть, к образованной восстановительной смеси таким образом, что органическая часть органического галогенида присоединяется к углеродному материалу с образованием производного углеродного материала. 2. Способ по п.1, включающий дополнительно этап гашения для нейтрализации избытка щелочного металла, где этап гашения включает в себя взаимодействие избытка щелочного металла с соединениями, выбранными из группы, содержащей спирты, воду и их комбинации, с образованием нейтрализованных соединений из группы, включающей в себя оксиды щелочного металла, гидроксиды щелочного металла и их комбинации. 3. Способ по п.2, включающий дополнительно этап подкисления для нейтрализации неиспарившегося ...

CПOCOБ ПOЛУЧEHИЯ ПИPOЛИTИЧECKOГO УГЛEPOДA

Batterie und Kohlenstoffibrilbündel zur Herstellung derselben

Aktivmaterialien für Batterien

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aktivmaterials für Batterien umfassend Vorlegen elektrochemisch aktiver Partikel, optional Zerkleinern der elektrochemisch aktiven Partikel, Zugabe einer organischen Kohlenstoffverbindung, optional in einem geeigneten organischen Lösemittel, und Vermischen, Erhitzen der Mischung unter Schutzgas auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Zersetzungsgrenze der organischen Verbindung und unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur der elektrochemisch aktiven Partikel, derart hergestellte Aktivmaterialien sowie entsprechende Anwendungen und Verwendungen.

Magnetisches Kühlmodul und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben

Die vorliegende Anmeldung betrifft ein magnetisches Kühlmodul, eine dieses umfassende magnetische Kühlvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des magnetischen Kühlmoduls. Das magnetische Kühlmodul umfasst eine Membran, die ein Graphenmaterial umfasst, und ein magnetokalorisches Material, wobei das magnetokalorische Material Nanopartikel, die auf einer Oberfläche der Membran haften, bildet. Durch die Struktur kann eine magnetische Kühlvorrichtung mit höherer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Wärmeaustauscheffizienz auf einfache Weise realisiert werden.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entfernung von Bor und anderen Verunreinigungen aus Kohle oder Graphit

Verfahren zum Reinigen von Kohlenstoffpartikeln

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Kohlenstoffpartikeln. Bei bekannten Verfahren zum Reinigen von Kohlenstoffpartikeln ist entweder der Energieeinsatz sehr hoch und/oder der Einsatz von aus Umweltgesichtspunkten sehr kritischen Chemikalien erforderlich. Bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren werden diese Nachteile überwunden. Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass a) Kohlenstoffpartikel mit einer mittleren Partikelgröße (d50) zwischen 1 - 50 µm bereitgestellt werden, b) mit zumindest einem Plasmabrenner mit Wassereinspritzung (1, 22, 23) in einer Erhitzungskammer (21) einer Reinigungsvorrichtung (20) eine sauerstofffreie Hochtemperaturzone (24) mit einer Temperatur zwischen 2600°C und 3750°C erzeugt wird, c) die Kohlenstoffpartikel (25) mit der Hochtemperaturzone (24) in Kontakt gebracht werden, wobei bei dem in Kontakt bringen Verunreinigungen der Kohlenstoffpartikel verdampft werden, und d) die Kohlenstoffpartikel nach dem in Kontakt bringen mit der Hochtemperaturzone ...

Carbon microspheres, useful as anode material for lithium battery or starting materials for wear-resistant sintered carbon part, e.g. petrol engine piston or tubular furnace, are prepared by pyrolysis of amine producing ammonia

Carbon microspheres are claimed, which are obtained by pyrolysis of amine producing ammonia. An Independent claim is the production of the carbon microspheres.

FILME AUS MEHRSCHICHTIGEN KOHLENSTOFF-NANORÖHREN

Aqueous pigment dispersions

Superconducting material and method for produsing the same

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPHERICAL PARTICLES OF CARBON AND OF ACTIVATED CARBON

Aqueous pigment dispersions

Disclosed herein are aqueous dispersions comprising: at least one pigment present in an amount of at least 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dispersion, the at least one pigment being selected from oxidized carbon blacks and modified carbon blacks having attached at least one organic group; and at least one organic solvent present in an amount of at least 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dispersion, the at least one organic solvent having a Hansen hydrogen bonding parameter (δΗ) ranging from 13 to 50 MPa0.5, and a Hansen polarity parameter (δ�) ranging from 5 to 13 MPa0.5, wherein the dispersion is substantially free of a surfactant. Also disclosed are methods of preparing aqueous dispersions and injet ink compositions prepared from the same.

Improvements in or relating to moulds and mould components

... 1,147,519. Carbon mould. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 8 July, 1966 [14 April, 1965], No. 15933/65. Heading C1A, [Also in Divisions B3 and C3] A mould having a casting face or a component part of such a mould comprises a bonded mass of carbon fibres wherein the majority at least of the bonding is by non-fibrous carbon. The carbon fibres may be graphite fibres. The mould or part thereof is formed by consolidating in a container a mass of resin-treated carbon fibres or a mixture of carbonizable fibres and a resin, removing the shape from the container and heating under non-oxidizing conditions to carbonize the resin, and, if necessary, the fibres. The porous article produced is strengthened and rendered impervious by being heated in a hydrocarbon atmosphere in a furnace when pyrolytic carbon is deposited in the pores. The preferred resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin which is dissolved in methylated spirits in order to treat the fibres. The resin may be hardened by the addition of ...

CARBON BLACKS

Improvements in or relating to the purification of carbon or graphite articles

Carbon or graphite is purified by treatment at elevated temperature with a gaseous fluorinating agent, e.g. fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, or a fluorinated hydrocarbon which dissociates to produce fluorine or hydrogen fluoride at the temperature of treatment. Organic fluorides specified are tetrafluoro-, dichloro-, monofluoro-, dichlorodifluoro-, monochlorodifluoro-, and trichloromonofluoro-methane and mono-, di, tri- and tetrafluoro ethylene. The temperature of treatment may be 1860-2600 DEG C., preferably 2200-2600 DEG C. The material may be pretreated with a gaseous or vaporous chlorinating agent at a progressively increasing temperature initially less than 1860 DEG C., preferably increasing to a temperature in the range 1860-1950 DEG C. Chlorinating agents specified are chlorine, carbon tetrachloride, and hexachloropropylene. Nitrogen, ammonia, or helium may be used as carrier or diluent for the chlorinating and/or fluorinating agent and to sweep out the chlorinating and fluorinating ...

Preparation of nitrogen doped carbon spheres (NCS)

Oxygen plant

Coke powder as a discharging agent for waste battery recycling and method thereof

The invention discloses a discharging method and discharging agent for recycling waste batteries. Waste batteries are immersed with coke powder to form a discharging circuit and to remove the residual power off the waste batteries before destruction of the batteries. The discharging performance varies with resistivity of the coke powder, and can be measured by watching the temperature and/or the temperature change trend. The resistivity depends on the ratio of carbon composition of the coke powder and the contact quality between the coke powder and the waste batteries, and the pressure on coke powder can adjust the contact quality. Therefore, the method is able to adjust the discharging performance by adjusting the pressure to meet the discharging requirements of efficiency and safety.

Immobilized selenium in a porous carbon with the presence of oxygen, and uses in a rechargeable battery

Immobilized chalcogen and use thereof in a rechargeable battery

An immobilized chalcogen system or body comprising a mixture of chalcogen, where at least 17 wt% of the chalcogen is sulfur. The system further includes a carbon with a carbon skeleton that comprises an aromatic conjugated π-bonding system. The activation energy for a chalcogen particle to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body is ≥ 96 kJ/mole. Preferably the activation energy is ≥ 99 kJ/mole. More preferably the activation energy is ≥ 102 kJ/mole. Most preferably the activation energy ranges from 137.3 kJ/mole to 144.9 kJ/mole. Preferably the immobilized chalcogen system or body may be used as the cathode material of a battery.

Aluminum-doped needle-like cobaltosic oxide and preparation method therefor

The present application belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and discloses an aluminum-doped needle-like cobaltosic oxide and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a waste battery powder and an amino acid, adjusting the pH until an alkaline state is reached, and subjecting same to solid-liquid separation to obtain an aluminum-removed battery powder and a first filtrate; adding an acid to the aluminum-removed battery powder, mixing same, and subjecting same to solid-liquid separation to obtain a cobalt-containing acid solution and a copper-containing slag; adding, in a dropwise manner, a templating agent to the cobalt-containing acid solution, then adding an alkali to adjust the pH, centrifuging same, and subjecting same to a heat treatment to obtain an aluminum-doped needle-like cobaltosic oxide. In the present application, aluminum in waste batteries is effectively recovered by using an amino acid; when the templating ...

Process and system for generating synthesis gas

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

METHOD AND PLANT FOR GENERATING SYNTHESIS GAS

OIL ABSORBENT COMPOSITION

Process and system for generating synthesis gas

Oil absorbent composition

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Oil absorbent composition

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Process and system for generating synthesis gas

Oil absorbent composition

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON WITH A ACTIVATED CHARCOAL CATALYST

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANO-MATERIAL

FILMS OUT MULTILEVEL CARBON NANO-TUBES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS

DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANO-TUBES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE PRODUCTION, AS WELL AS APPLICATIONS

MACROSCOPIC REGULATORY ARRANGEMENT OF CARBON NANO-TUBES

CARBON NANO-TUBE ABSTENTION INDIA RUBBER COMPOSITIONS

CATALYTIC GROWTH OF EINWANDIGEN CARBON NANO-TUBES FROM METAL PARTICLES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION FROM MAGNETIC GRAPHITI MATERIALS AND MATERIALS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SEPARATION OF CARBON LAYERS ON HIGH TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE ARTICLES

ON NANO-TUBES BASING, HIGH ENERGY MATERIAL AND PROCEDURE

Enhanced biochar

Abstract Biochar is provided that is treated to have certain chemical and physical properties found to have the highest impact on plant growth and/or soil health. In particular, the following physical and/or chemical properties, among others, of the raw biochar may be altered or enhanced through treatment to increase biochar performance: (i) bulk density (ii) impregnation capacity; (iii) particle size distribution; (iv) total porosity; (vii) ratio of macroporosity to total porosity (ix) residual organic compounds content; (x) volatile organic compounds; (xii) ash content; (xiii) water holding capacity; (xiv) water retention capabilities; and (xv) pH. Treatment can also increase/decrease the pore sizes of the biochar, increase hydrophilicity/decrease hydrophilicity, remove diotoxins from the raw biochar, increase electrical conductivity, increase cation exchange capacity and increases aion exchange capacity, among other things. "10DE 117a 1-119 / 11~>FIG. 1 -105 -12 114 2 kN 107a. 102 ...

METHOD FOR PERFORATING CARBON NANOMATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FILTER MOLDED ARTICLE

An objectis to formholes havingadesired size accurately and uniformly in a carbon nanomaterial used for a filter or the like, such as graphene, a carbon nanotube, or a carbon nanohorn. 5 Providedis amethod forperforatingacarbonnanomaterial forformingholeshavingadesiredsizeinthecarbonnanomaterial, characterizedin that the carbon nanomaterialis heated andheld at a low temperature in air containing oxygen of 160 to 250°C for a predetermined time and that holes having a desired size 10 are thereby formed uniformly in the carbon nanomaterial by controlling the length of heating time. 44, VI 00 0 3 2--Z-'Z-Z (3) 1,2,31 04)00 2,, E - 3 (5) 000 5(,3 (6) 000 5(3) ...

Method for removing ash from solid carbonaceous material

A method for removing ash from a solid carbon material, which relates to the technical field of removing ash from solid carbonaceous materials; reaction conditions are mild, and ash may be removed more effectively, which may thereby reduce the amount of alkali and water used and increase the treatment amount for solid carbonaceous materials, thus reducing the difficulty and costs in recovering an alkali. The ash removing method comprises: S1) mixing an alkaline sub-molten salt medium and a solid carbonaceous material to be treated, heating so that alkali and ash in the solid carbonaceous material to be treated react in the alkaline sub-molten salt medium, and performing solid-liquid separation on a mixed slurry resulting from the reaction to obtain a first solid product and an alkali treatment solution, wherein in the alkaline sub-molten salt medium, the mass fraction of the alkali is greater than or equal to 50%; S2) using an acid solution to perform acid cleaning treatment on the first ...

Carbon membrane for fluid separation and method for manufacturing same

The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation wherein rupture of a carbon membrane provided inside a separation module can be suppressed in a pressure-reduced desorption process prior to fluid transmission and during fluid transmission. In this carbon membrane for fluid separation, a compact carbon layer is formed on a porous carbon support body and an R ...

Carbon foam and manufacturing method therefor

Provided is a carbon foam having linear sections and bonding sections for bonding the linear sections, wherein the carbon foam is characterized by: the diameter of one of the linear sections being 0.1μm to 10.0μm; and having a surface with an area of at least 100cm ...

Net shape manufacturing using carbon nanotubes

A process and an apparatus for converting solid organic materials into carbon or activated carbon

A process and an apparatus for converting solid organic materials into carbon or activated carbon. The processing of solid organic materials is oxygen-free and wholly under endothermic condition. The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel (1), thermal insulation with protective cladding for pressure vessel (2), a perforated or non-perforated rotary drum (3), a sealed dish end (4), a rotating shaft (5), a geared motor with belt or chain drive (6), a steam super heater (7) for generating superheated steam, at least one inlet valve (8) for regulating the super heated steam, at least one feed pipe (9), tilting or swivel support (10), at least one cylindrical roller (11), an open or close door end (12), a feeding or removal port (13), a connecting chute (14), at least one pressure safety valve (15), a gas exit pipe (16), at least one outlet valve (17), a gas treatment unit (18) for treating the generated reaction gases, at least one pressure gauge (19) and at least one temperature indicator ( ...

Process for preparing metal hydroxides, hydroxyl organometals and white carbon suitable for use in Ayurvedic medicine

A process is described for preparing metal hydroxides, hydroxyl organometals an white carbon. The purity and biocompatibility of the thus obtained substances is such that they can be used for several applications, while being particularly suitable for use in Ayurvedic medicine. Specifically, this process involves an initial step of electrolysis followed by at leas five cycles of microwave irradiation with increasing intensity. Preferably, the process also includes a step of recovering the gases that are released in order to increase the yield of the final product.

A process of preparing magnetic graphitic materials, and materials thereof

Multilayer carbon nanotube films

Preparation of carbon nanotubes

Process for improving the emission of electron field emitters

Porous carbon material, precursor for porous carbon material, process for producing precursor for porous carbon material, and process for producing porous carbon material

Provided is a porous carbon material which has a portion having a continuous multipore structure and a portion having no continuous multipore structure, and in which the central part has pore and matrix sizes that are even. This porous carbon material is easy to composite with other materials, is usable in various applications, and is extendable to various applications. Also provided are a precursor for the porous carbon material, a process for producing the precursor for the porous carbon material, and a process for producing the porous carbon material. This porous carbon material has a portion having a continuous multipore structure and a portion having substantially no continuous multipore structure, wherein the portion having a continuous multipore structure has a structural period of 0.002-1 μm.

Hydrothermal carbonization method and device with optimised sludge and steam mixing

The invention relates to a method for the continuous hydrothermal carbonization of sludge containing organic matter, comprising a hydrothermal reaction step carried out in a reactor (4) and at least one cooling step in which the sludge having undergone the hydrothermal reaction step are cooled. The hydrothermal reaction step comprises the following steps: - a sludge injection step in which the sludge is injected into the reactor (4) via a first inlet (11), - a steam injection step in which steam is injected into the reactor (4) via a second inlet (15), the second inlet (15) being separate from the first inlet (11), - a circulation step in which a mixture of sludge and steam injected into the reactor (4) is circulated inside the reactor (4), and - a step for continuously extracting at least a portion of the mixture contained in the reactor (4) via a sludge outlet (16). The invention also concerns a device for implementing said method.

A process for producing a carbonaceous product from biomass

A process for producing densified and at least partially graphitised carbonaceous product, the process comprising: heating a biomass in an oxygen controlled atmosphere to a first temperature under compression to form a plastically deformed intermediate product; and heating the plastically deformed intermediate product in an oxygen controlled atmosphere to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature while constraining the intermediate product to limit or avoid volume expansion to form the densified and at least partially graphitised carbonaceous product.

PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE CARBON GRANULES

Austracy The present invention discloses a preparation method and an application of biodegradable carbon granules, and belongs to the technical field of novel environment-friendly materials. The preparation method includes the following steps: preparing a microbial agent; mixing the microbial agent with carbon granules to obtain a material A; adding water into polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the materials A and B; adding a cross-linking agent into the mixture to react; and drying the product to obtain a biodegradable carbon granule. The microbial agent includes thermophilc anaerobes, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, pseudomonas fluorescens and humic acid. In the present invention, a carrier material with excellent performance is prepared by improving a preparation process of the carbon granules; and after the material is combined with the microbial agent, adaptive capacity of microbial floras in organic pollutants is increased ...

Rigid porous carbon structures, methods of making, methods of using and products containing same

Process for controlled growth of carbon nanotubes

CNT-INFUSED FIBERS IN CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES

A carbon/carbon (C/C) composite includes a carbon matrix and a non- woven, carbon nanotube (CNT)-infused carbon fiber material. Where woven materials are employed, CNTs are infused on a parent carbon fiber material in a non- woven state. A C/C composite includes a barrier coating on the CNT-infused fiber material. An article is constructed from these (C/C) composites. A method of making a C/C composite includes winding a continuous CNT-infused carbon fiber about a template structure and forming a carbon matrix to provide an initial C/C composite or by dispersing chopped CNT-infused carbon fibers in a carbon matrix precursor to provide a mixture, placing the mixture in a mold, and forming a carbon matrix to provide an initial C/C composite.

CARBON MICROPARTICLE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF

A process for producing carbon microparticles, characterized in that synthetic resin microparticles, metal-containing synthetic resin microparticles or child-particle-containing synthetic resin microparticles are subjected to carbonization baking, wherein the synthetic resin microparticles, the metal-containing synthetic resin microparticles or the child-particle-containing synthetic resin microparticles are produced by a process comprising mixing a polymer (A) such as polyacrylonitrile copolymer microparticles composed of a copolymer of an acrylonitrile monomer and a hydrophilic vinyl monomer with a polymer (B) that is different from the polymer (A) in an organic solvent to produce an emulsion and bringing the emulsion into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer (A), thereby causing the polymer (A) to precipitate; and the carbon microparticles.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON MATERIALS

The present invention provides a method for producing a carbon material, by which a high purity carbon material which is dense and has an extremely low ash concentration can be economically obtained. In the present invention, it is a method for producing a carbon material which can be used as a nonferrous metal reducing agent, a structural carbon material, a carbon material for an electric material or a raw material thereof, the method comprising: an ashless coal production step of producing an ashless coal as a modified coal by modifying a coal with a solvent; an ashless coal heating step of subjecting the ashless coal produced in the ashless coal production step to a heating treatment; and a carbonization step of obtaining a carbon material by carbonizing the ashless coal which has been subjected to the heating treatment in the ashless coal heating step. The atomic ratio (H/C) of hydrogen to carbon in the ashless coal which has been subjected to the heating treatment in the ashless coal ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLID CARBON BY REDUCING CARBON OXIDES

A method for the production of various morphologies of solid carbon product by reducing carbon oxides with a reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst. The carbon oxides are typically either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The reducing agent is typically either a hydrocarbon gas or hydrogen. The desired morphology of the solid carbon product may be controlled by the specific catalysts, reaction conditions and optional additives used in the reduction reaction. The resulting solid carbon products have many commercial applications.

CARBON CATALYST, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON CATALYST, FUEL CELL, ELECTRICITY STORAGE DEVICE, AND USE OF CARBON CATALYST

The present invention is made to provide a carbon catalyst which has high catalytic activity and can achieve high catalyst performance. A carbon catalyst has nitrogen introduced therein. The value of energy peak area ratio of a first nitrogen atom whose electron in the is orbital has a binding energy of 398.5 ~ 1.0 eV to a second nitrogen atom whose electron in the is orbital has a binding energy of 401 ~ 1.0 eV (i.e., the value of (the first nitrogen atom)/(the second nitrogen atom)) of the introduced nitrogen is 1.2 or less.

CARBON MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Provided are a mass of crystalline graphite flakes or the like, which is useful as an electrode material for lithium ion batteries, hybrid capacitors and so on, a method for efficiently producing the same at a high productivity, etc. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a mass of crystalline graphite flakes or the like which consists of flaky graphite crystals extending outward from the inside and aggregating together, comprising, for example, air-tightly sealing a powder of an organic compound, which has been calcined while allowing hydrogen to remain therein, in a graphite container, and then subjecting the powder, as in the state of being sealed in said container, to a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment using a pressurized atmosphere under definite conditions.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HIGH BTU GAS FROM THIS MATERIAL

CARBON MATERIAL FOR CATALYST CARRIER OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

A carbon material for a catalyst carrier of a solid polymer fuel cell, the carbon material being a porous carbon material having a three-dimensional tree-shaped structure branched three-dimensionally, wherein the branch diameter is 81 mm or below and the following conditions are satisfied at the same time: (A) the BET specific surface area SBET is 400-1500 m2/g; and (B) in the relationship between the mercury pressure PHg and the mercury absorption amount VHg measured by mercury porosimetry, the amount of increase ?VHg:4.3-4.8 in the mercury absorption amount VHg measured when the common logarithm LogPHg of the mercury pressure PHg increases from 4.3 to 4.8 is 0.82-1.5 cc/g. In addition, a method for manufacturing such a carbon material for a catalyst carrier.

APPARATUS COMPOSED OF A PRESSURE-RATED APPARATUS SHELL AND AN INTERNAL FRAMEWORK SYSTEM COMPOSED OF CERAMIC FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a device comprising at least one pressure-bearing device shell and at least one modular scaffolding system made of ceramic fibre composite materials and arranged inside the device shell and a modular lining device comprising refractory bricks in addition to the modular scaffolding system, and to the use of this device for high-temperature reactors, in particular electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

MICROPOROUS CARBON MATERIALS TO SEPARATE NITROGEN IN ASSOCIATED AND NON-ASSOCIATED NATURAL GAS STREAMS

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of microporous carbon materials to perform selective separations of nitrogen in gas mixtures such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane and C2, C3 and C4+ hydrocarbons, with high efficiency, shaped of microspheres or cylinders from copolymers of poly (vinylidene chloride-co-methyl acrylate) with density of 1.3 to 1.85 g/cm3 or poly (vinylidene chloride-co-vinyl chloride) with density of 1.3 to 1.85 g/cm3, using two stages. The first consists of a surface passivation of the material by chemical attack in a highly alkaline alcohol solution with the aim of effecting a precarbonization on the surface of the copolymer, so that during the pyrolysis process it does not deform and gradually develop the microporosity. The material of the first stage presents in the crust, percentages between 55 to 85 % carbon, between 5 to 20% oxygen and between 10 to 40 % chlorine, while in the interior of the material presents lower percentages ...

PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE CARBON STRUCTURE NETWORKS

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3which contains a reaction zone 3band a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600 °C, preferably above 700 °C, more preferably above 900 °C, even more preferably above 1000 °C, more preferably above 1100 °C, preferably up to 3000 °C, more preferably up to 2500 °C, most preferably up to 2000 °C, to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c,and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

Hybrid Silicon Wafer and Method of Producing the Same

Provided is a hybrid silicon wafer in which molten state polycrystalline silicon and solid state single-crystal silicon are mutually integrated, comprising fine crystals having an average crystal grain size of 8 mm or less at a polycrystalline portion within 10 mm from a boundary with a single-crystal portion. Additionally provided is a method of manufacturing a hybrid silicon wafer, wherein a columnar single-crystal silicon ingot is sent in a mold in advance, molten silicon is cast around and integrated with the single-crystal ingot to prepare an ingot complex of single-crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and a wafer shape is cut out therefrom. The provided hybrid silicon wafer comprises the functions of both a polycrystalline silicon wafer and a single-crystal wafer.

Carbon material and method for producing same

A method of producing a carbon material which is mainly composed of graphene-containing carbon particles is provided. The method includes a step of producing carbon particles from an organic material by maintaining a mixture containing the organic substance as a starting material, hydrogen peroxide and water under conditions of a temperature of 300° C. to 1000° C. and a pressure of 22 MPa or more. The method further includes a step of heat-treating the carbon particles at a higher temperature than the temperature maintained in the carbon particle producing step. The carbon material produced by the present method has a structure in which substances such as ions can easily enter and leave the graphene structures of the carbon particles, making the carbon material be useful as active materials of secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors.

Highly concentrated nano-reinforcement suspensions for cementitious materials and method of reinforcing such materials

Highly concentrated carbon nanotube or other nano-reinforcement suspensions and/or masses are prepared for use as admixtures in cement base materials to make cementitious composite materials.

Positive electrode active material for lithium primary cell

The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for a lithium primary cell. The positive electrode active material can reduce the internal resistance of the positive electrode of a lithium primary cell and can maintain the load characteristics and the discharge voltage not only at high temperatures but also at low temperatures. The positive electrode active material includes a fluoride of a low crystalline carbon.

Method for producing carbon materials having nitrogen modification starting from carbon nanotubes

The invention relates to a novel process for producing carbon materials which are modified at least on their surface with pyridinic, pyrrolic and/or quaternary nitrogen groups starting out from carbon nanotubes.

Process of Preparing Magnetic Graphitic Materials, and Materials Thereof

A process of preparing magnetic graphitic materials from graphite in a second container ( 3 ) that reacts with one of more transition metal oxide and in a first container ( 2 ) at a volume ratio of 1:1, in a closed reactor ( 1 ), heated up to a temperature between 600° C. and the melting temperature of the transition oxide (s) for 6 to 36 hours, under a pressure of 10 atmospheres with the help of a transfer inert gas through an inlet ( 5 ) and vacuum between 10 −2 torr to 10 −7 torr through an outlet ( 6 ), obtaining at the end of the process a graphitic material with long-lasting magnetic properties at room temperature. The material obtained exhibits a complex structure, with pores, bunches, pilings and edges of exposed graphenes and finds application in nanotechnology, magnetic images in medical science, applications in communication, electronics, sensors, even biosensors, catalysis or separation of magnetic materials.

Method of producing silicon carbide-coated carbon material

A method of producing a silicon carbide-coated carbon material that comprises heating, under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a carbon substrate and an amorphous inorganic ceramic material obtained by heating a non-melting solid silicone, thereby forming a silicon carbide coating film on the carbon substrate. A silicon carbide-coated carbon material that exhibits excellent heat resistance and has a uniform silicon carbide coating can be obtained.

Bipolar plate for fuel cell and method for producing the same

A bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprises a substrate formed of stainless steel; an oriented amorphous carbon film formed at least on a surface of the substrate facing an electrode, and containing C as a main component, 3 to 20 at. % of N, and more than 0 at. % and not more than 20 at. % of H, and when the total amount of the C is taken as 100 at. %, the amount of C having an sp 2 hybrid orbital (Csp 2 ) being not less than 70 at. % and less than 100 at. %, and (002) planes of graphite being oriented along a thickness direction; a mixed layer generated in an interface between the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film and containing at least one kind of constituent atoms of each of the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film; and a plurality of projections protruding from the mixed layer into the oriented amorphous carbon film and having a mean length of 10 to 150 nm.

Method for enhancing soil growth using bio-char

A method is described for rendering char from a biomass fractionator apparatus (BMF char) suitable for addition to soil in high concentrations, the method relying on multiple processes comprising removing detrimental hydrocarbons from BMF char, removing adsorbed gases from BMF char, introducing microorganisms to the BMF char, and adjusting sail pH.

Hydrogen storing carbon material

Provided is a hydrogen-storing carbon material with improved hydrogen storage capacity. The hydrogen-storing carbon material has a total pore volume of 0.5 cm 3 /g or more, and a ratio of a total mesoporous volume to a total microporous volume per unit weight of 5 or more. In addition, the hydrogen-storing carbon material may have a nitrogen content of 0.5 wt % or more and less than 20 wt %. In addition, the hydrogen-storing carbon material may have a stable potential of −1.28 V or more when a cathode current with respect to the hydrogen-storing carbon material is held at 1,000 mA/g in electrochemical measurement by chronopotentiometry involving using the hydrogen-storing carbon material in a working electrode in a three-electrode method.

Method for producing silicon

The present invention relates to an improved process for producing silicon, preferably solar silicon, using novel high-purity graphite mouldings, especially graphite electrodes, and to an industrial process for production of the novel graphite mouldings.

Raw petroleum coke composition for anode material for lithium ion secondary battery

Provided is a raw petroleum coke composition as a raw material of an anode carbon material that can improve, when a battery is discharged at a high current, the ratio capable of maintaining the capacity obtained during discharge at a low current. More specifically, provided is a raw petroleum coke composition for an anode carbon material of a lithium ion secondary battery, the raw petroleum coke composition being produced by subjecting a heavy-oil composition to a delayed coking process, and comprising an atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms H to carbon atoms C(H/C atomic ratio) of 0.30 to 0.50, and a micro-strength of 7 to 17% by weight. Further provided are a method for producing an anode carbon material of a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising the steps of: pulverizing the raw petroleum coke composition into particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 30 μm, and subjecting the particles to carbonization and/or graphitization; and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an anode comprising such a carbon material.

Semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer composite, method of preparing the same, and composite film and optoelectronic device including the same

A semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer composite including a semiconductor nanocrystal, a polymer comprising a plurality of carboxylate anion groups (—COO − ) bindable to a surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal, and a metal cation bindable to a carboxylate anion group of the plurality of carboxylate anion groups.

Architectural construct having a plurality of implementations

An architectural construct is a synthetic material that includes a matrix characterization of different crystals. An architectural construct can be configured as a solid mass or as parallel layers that can be on a nano-, micro-, and macro-scale. Its configuration can determine its behavior and functionality under a variety of conditions. Implementations of an architectural construct can include its use as a substrate, sacrificial construct, carrier, filter, sensor, additive, and catalyst for other molecules, compounds, and substances, or may also include a means to store energy and generate power.

Stock oil composition for carbonaceous material for negative electrode of lithium-ion secondary battery

Provided is a stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery which composition is useful for achieving excellent high-speed charge and discharge characteristics. The stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery uses a bottom oil of residue fluid catalytic cracking apparatus as a raw material. The stock oil composition comprises, of a saturated component, an aromatic component, a resin component and an asphaltene component detectable by development of the stock oil composition using thin-layer chromatography, the saturated component ranging from 30 to 50% by weight and the aromatic component ranging from 50 to 70% by weight; and has an average molecular weight of from 400 to 600.

Novel carbon nanotube and production method therefor

The present invention provides CNT, in particular CNT having inherent properties thereof, which has a thin wall and does not form a bundle, and an efficient production method of the CNT. The method is for producing CNT, the whole length or a part thereof is compressed to form a band, said method comprises preparing a powdery and/or particulate material of an organic compound pre-baked to an extent of containing remaining hydrogen and allowed to carry a catalyst, which may be a transition metal, other metal or other element, thereon; charging the powdery and/or particulate material of the organic compound in a closed vessel made of a heat resistant material; and subjecting the powdery and/or particulate material of the organic compound together with the vessel to hot isostatic pressing treatment using a compressed gas atmosphere, wherein a maximum ultimate temperature at the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 750 to 1200° C.

Carbon material for negative electrode of lithium ion secondary battery and production method therefor

The carbon material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery includes: particles having a structure including a plurality of stacked plates which are prepared from a raw coke materials obtained by a delayed coking method, where the ratio of the total of the generation rate of a hydrogen gas, a hydrocarbon gas having one carbon atom, and a hydrocarbon gas having two carbon atoms and the formation rate of a raw coke materials satisfies the condition: total of generation rate/formation rate=0.30 to 0.60, and where the structure is curved into a bow shape, and where, in each of the plates, an average plate thickness is defined as T, an average bow height including the plate thickness is defined as H, and an average length in the vertical direction is defined as L, L/T is 5.0 or more and H/T is from 1.10 to 1.25.

Graphene device manufacturing apparatus and graphene device manufacturing method using the apparatus

A graphene device manufacturing apparatus includes an electrode, a graphene structure including a metal catalyst layer formed on a substrate, a protection layer, and a graphene layer between the protection layer and the metal catalyst layer, a power unit configured to apply a voltage between the electrode and the metal catalyst layer, and an electrolyte in which the graphene structure is at least partially submerged.

Carbon material for nonaqueous secondary battery, negative electrode using carbon material and nonaqueous secondary battery

This invention aims to provide a carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery having a high capacity and excellent charging/discharging load characteristics, which is used as a negative electrode material for a nonaqueous secondary battery. This invention relates to a carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery, which has a specific (1) Raman R value, (2) N atom concentration/C atom concentration ratio, and (3) S atom concentration/C atom concentration ratio.

Carbonaceous material, method for producing same, electrode active material for electrochemical device, electrode for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a BET specific surface area of 1550 to 2500 m 2 /g and a value of an oxygen content/hydrogen content per specific surface area of 1.00 to 2.04 mg/m 2 .

PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE CARBON STRUCTURE NETWORKS

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor which contains a reaction zone and a termination zone by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone which is at a temperature of above 600° C., preferably above 700° C., more preferably above 900° C., even more preferably above 1000° C., more preferably above 1100° C., preferably up to 3000° C., more preferably up to 2500° C., most preferably up to 2000° C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c,and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d. 129-. (canceled)30. A crystalline carbon structure network , comprising chemically interconnected carbon nanofibers , wherein the carbon nanofibers are chemically interconnected by chemical bonds through a multitude of junctions , including Y- and H-junctions , comprising at least 500 chemically connected nodes , wherein the carbon nanofibers have an average aspect ratio of fiber length-to-thickness of at least 2 , wherein the carbon nanofibers forming the network are non-hollow and have an average diameter or thickness of 50-400 nm and/or an average length in the range of 100-10 ,000 nm , wherein the carbon structure network is porous and forms aggregates with a size of 0.1-100 microns.31. The network according to claim 30 , obtainable by a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor which comprises a reaction zone and a termination zone claim 30 , the process comprising:(a) injecting a water-in-oil or bicontinuous micro-emulsion comprising carbon components in an oil phase, metal catalyst nanoparticles having a size between 1 and 100 nm, and water into the reaction zone at a temperature of above 600° C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks,(b) ...

RECYCLING CARBON FIBER BASED MATERIALS

A process is provided to reclaim carbon fiber from a cured vinyl ester, crosslinked unsaturated polyester, or epoxy thermoset matrix. The composite pieces are added to a polyol solvent composition under to conditions to free more than 95% by weight of the carbon fiber from the composite. The freed carbon fibers are washed and dried to reclaim carbon fiber reusable to reinforce a polymer to form a new FRC article. Solvents are chosen that are low cost and low toxicity. Processing is further facilitated by techniques such as solvent pre-swell of the particles, microwave heating, and sonication to promote thermoset matrix digestion to free reinforcing carbon fibers. 1. A process to reclaim carbon fiber from a cured thermoset matrix comprising:adding the cured thermoset matrix to a polyol solvent composition under to conditions to free more than 95% by weight of the carbon fiber from the cured thermoset matrix;washing the carbon fiber with water; anddrying the carbon fiber to reclaim the carbon fiber.2. The process of wherein more than 97% by weight of the carbon fiber is freed from the particles.3. The process of wherein more than 95% by weight of the carbon fiber is reclaimed.4. The process of wherein more than 99% by weight of the carbon fiber is freed from the particles.5. The process of wherein more than 99% by weight of the carbon fiber is reclaimed.6. The process of wherein said polyol solvent composition comprises more than 95% total weight percent of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether.7. The process of wherein said polyol solvent composition is molten glucose.8. The process of wherein said polyol solvent composition is a sugar alcohol.9. The process of wherein said polyol solvent composition comprises a monosaccharide or disaccharide dissolved in a glycol.10. The process of wherein said glycol in an aqueous solution.11. The process of wherein said conditions comprise a constant temperature of between 125 and 250 degrees Celsius.12. The process of wherein said ...

HEAT-DISSIPATING FILM, AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD AND APPARATUS

A heat-dissipating film comprising a heat-conductive layer obtained by burning a mixture layer of flaky carbon and a binder resin to carbonize or burn off the binder resin, and plastic films covering the heat-conductive layer, the heat-conductive layer having a density of 1.9 g/cmor more and thermal conductivity of 450 W/mK or more, is produced by (1) sandwiching a mixture layer of flaky carbon and a binder resin with a pair of first plastic films to form a laminated film; (2) heat-pressing the laminated film to densify the mixture layer; (3) burning the mixture layer to carbonize the binder resin in the mixture layer; (4) pressing the resultant burnt layer to form the heat-conductive layer; and (5) sealing the heat-conductive layer with second plastic films. 1. A method for producing a heat-dissipating film comprising the steps of (1) sandwiching a mixture layer of flaky carbon and a binder resin with a pair of first plastic films to form a laminated film; (2) heat-pressing said laminated film to densify said mixture layer; (3) burning said mixture layer exposed by peeling said first plastic films to carbonize or burn off said binder resin in said mixture layer; (4) pressing the resultant burnt layer to form a densified heat-conductive layer; and (5) sealing said heat-conductive layer with second plastic films.2. The method for producing a heat-dissipating film according to claim 1 , wherein a step of applying a dispersion comprising 5-25% by mass of flaky carbon and 0.05-2.5% by mass of a binder resin in an organic solvent claim 1 , a mass ratio of said binder resin to said flaky carbon being 0.01-0.1 claim 1 , to a surface of each first plastic film claim 1 , and then drying said dispersion is repeated plural times claim 1 , to form said mixture layer.3. The method for producing a heat-dissipating film according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of said dispersion applied by one operation is 5-30 g/m(expressed by the weight of flaky carbon per 1 m).4. The method ...

Carbon Powders And Methods Of Making Same

A method for producing carbon powder having a defined carbon particle size distribution comprises the steps of:—a) selecting a carbon precursor powder of a defined precursor particle size distribution, the carbon precursor powder consisting of or comprising particles of one or more meltable carbon precursors; b) treating the carbon precursor powder to round at least some of the particles of the carbon precursor and thereby produce a rounded carbon precursor; and c) carbonizing the rounded carbon precursor; wherein the defined precursor particle size distribution is such that on carbonization the powder of defined carbon particle size distribution is produced. 1. A method for producing carbon powder having a defined carbon particle size distribution comprising the steps of:a) selecting a carbon precursor powder of a defined precursor particle size distribution, the carbon precursor powder consisting of or comprising particles of one or more meltable carbon precursors;b) treating the carbon precursor powder to round at least some of the particles of the carbon precursor and thereby produce a rounded carbon precursor; andc) carbonizing the rounded carbon precursor;wherein the defined precursor particle size distribution is such that on carbonization the powder of defined carbon particle size distribution is produced.2. A method as in claim 1 , in which the step of providing a carbon precursor powder of a defined precursor particle size distribution comprises the steps of:—a) providing a first carbon precursor powder of a first defined particle size distribution; andb) selecting from the carbon precursor powder, particles of a second size distribution narrower than the first particle size distribution to produce the carbon precursor powder of a defined precursor particle size distribution.36.-. (canceled)7. A method as in claim 1 , in which the step of treating the carbon precursor powder to round at least some of the particles comprises at least one step of at least ...

Biobased Carbon Fibers and Carbon Black and Methods of Making the Same

Bio-based materials, e.g., epoxide starting material, a beta-lactone starting material and/or a beta-hydroxy amide starting material, may be used as feedstocks in processes for making and using acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile derivatives to produce, among other products, carbon fibers and carbon black. 1. A method of producing a carbon fiber material , the method comprising:a. affording acrylonitrile from at least one of an epoxide or carbon monoxide starting material that is derived from a bio-based and/or renewable source;b. polymerizing the acrylonitrile to produce a polyacrylonitrile precursor;c. thermally stabilizing the polyacrylonitrile precursor to afford thermally stabilized carbon fibers; andd. carbonizing the thermally stabilized carbon fibers to produce the carbon fiber material.2. The method from claim 1 , wherein the acrylonitrile is produced by a process comprising:a. introducing the at least one of bio-based and/or renewable sourced epoxide and carbon monoxide starting materials to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet;b. contacting the at least one of bio-based and/or renewable sourced epoxide and carbon monoxide starting materials with a carbonylation catalyst in the at least one reaction vessel to produce a beta-lactone intermediate;c. contacting the beta-lactone intermediate with a heterogenous catalyst to produce an organic acid intermediate; andd. reacting the organic acid product with an ammonia reagent under ammoxidation conditions in the at least one reaction vessel to produce the acrylonitrile product.3. The method from claim 1 , wherein the polyacrylonitrile precursor comprises polyacrylonitrile fibers produced by wet or dry-jet-wet spinning of an acrylonitrile monomer or copolymer.4. The method from claim 1 , wherein polyacrylonitrile precursor is thermally stabilized by controlled low-temperature heating over the range 200-300° C. in air.5. The method from claim 1 , wherein the carbon fiber material is ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING CARBON FIBERS FROM COMPOSITE MATERIAL WASTE

A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite material waste includes coating a solid acid powder onto a surface of a composite material waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix, pyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite material waste in an inert environment, and oxidizing the pyrolyzed resin of the composite material waste in an air environment. 1. A method for recovering carbon fibers from composite material waste , the method comprising:coating a solid acid powder onto a surface of a composite material waste having carbon fibers and a resin matrix;pyrolyzing the resin matrix of the coated composite material waste in an inert environment; andoxidizing the pyrolyzed resin of the composite material waste in an air environment.2. The method of wherein the step of coating includes spraying a layer of solid super acid SO/TiOpowder onto the surface of the composite material waste.3. The method of wherein the step of pyrolyzing includes putting the composite material waste into a pyrolysis device and connecting nitrogen to expel air from the device to form the inert environment.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolyzing includes heating the coated composite material waste to a temperature of 500-700° C. for 10 to 30 minutes in the inert environment.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising stopping the heating and naturally cooling to 350-450° C.6. The method of wherein the step of oxidizing includes keeping a temperature at 350-450° C. for 10 to 60 minutes.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising stopping the heating and naturally cooling to room temperature.8. The method of wherein the resin matrix in the composite material waste includes a thermoset resin.9. The method of wherein the thermoset resin includes at least one of epoxy resin claim 8 , unsaturated polyester claim 8 , and phenolic resin.10. The method of wherein the resin matrix in the composite material waste includes a thermoplastic resin.11. The method of wherein the ...

Film formation method

A film formation method is provided with a step for disposing a non-electroconductive long thin tube 102 in a chamber 101 in which the internal pressure thereof is adjustable, generating a plasma inside the long thin tube 102 in a state in which a starting material gas including a hydrocarbon is supplied, and forming a diamond-like carbon film on an inner wall surface of the long thin tube 102. The long thin tube 102 is disposed in the chamber 101 in a state in which a discharge electrode 125 is disposed in one end part of the long thin tube 102 and the other end part is open. An alternating-current bias is intermittently applied between the discharge electrode 125 and a counter electrode 126 provided so as to be separated from the long thin tube 102.

Electronically conducting carbon and carbon-based material by pyrolysis of dead leaves and other similar natural waste

The present invention disclosed herein is carbon nanomaterial and carbon based nanocomposites by pyrolysis of dead leaves and other similar natural waste material. In particular, the invention relates to synthesis of valuable functional carbon materials and their nanocomposites from different waste materials such as plant dead leaves and their use in high value added product applications.

Dispersion and method for the production thereof

Dispersion and method for the production of same. In one embodiment, the dispersion consists of a dispersing liquid and at least one solid substance that is distributed in the dispersing liquid. In order to obtain a dispersion with particularly good properties, it is provided that the dispersing liquid has an aqueous and/or non-aqueous base, that the at least one solid substance is formed of graphite and/or of carbon nanomaterial and/or of coke and/or of porous carbon, and that the at least one solid substance is distributed homogeneously and stably in the dispersing liquid. A method for the production of such a dispersion is provided such that the dispersion is produced by applying a strong accelerating voltage. In addition, various advantageous uses of such a dispersion are indicated.

Method of producing carbon material for lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, mixture for lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, and lithium ion secondary battery

The present invention provides a method of producing a carbon material for lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, the carbon material containing a plurality of carbon particles, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a resin dispersion material containing a dispersion medium and a plurality of resin particles which are substantially insoluble in the dispersion medium; ejecting a plurality of liquid droplets of the resin dispersion material using a liquid droplet ejecting method, the liquid droplets each containing the dispersion medium and at least one of the resin particles; and heat-treating the plurality of liquid droplets so that the resin particle contained in each liquid droplet is carbonized while removing the dispersion medium to thereby obtain at least one of the carbon particles from each liquid droplet.

Method for synthesizing carbon materials from carbon agglomerates containing carbine/carbynoid chains

Provided is a method for synthesizing carbon agglomerates containing metastable carbyne/carbynoid chains; a method for synthesizing carbon or carbon compound allotropes from the agglomerates containing metastable carbyne/carbynoid chains; and the uses of the methods. The method for synthesizing carbon agglomerates containing metastable carbyne/carbynoid chains includes the following steps: a) forming carbon vapor precursors, containing carbine/carbynoid chains, by decomposing a carbon gas selected from among CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , gaseous toluene, and benzene in the form of vapors at a temperature T such that 1 500° C.<T≦3 000° C.; and b) condensing the carbon vapor precursors, obtained in Step a), on the surface of a substrate, the temperature Ts of which is less than the temperature T. The invention is particularly of use in the field of electronics.

CARBON MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND USE FOR SAME

A non-flaky carbon material having specific optical structures, wherein the ratio between the peak intensity I110 of (110) plane and the peak intensity I004 of (004) plane of a graphite crystal determined by the powder XRD measurement, I110/I004, is 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less; an average circularity is 0.80 or more and 0.95 or less; d002 is 0.337 nm or less; and the total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 0.4 μm or less measured by the nitrogen gas adsorption method is 25.0 μl/g or more and 40.0 μl/g or less. Also disclosed is a method for producing the carbon material, a carbon material for a battery electrode, a paste for an electrode incorporating the carbon material for a battery electrode, an electrode for a lithium battery incorporating a formed body of the paste for an electrode, a lithium-ion secondary battery including the electrode and a method for producing the electrode. 1. A carbon material , being a non-flaky carbon material , wherein a ratio between a peak intensity I110 of (110) plane and a peak intensity I004 of (004) plane of a graphite crystal determined by a powder XRD measurement , I110/I004 , is 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less; an average circularity is 0.80 or more and 0.95 or less; an average interplanar spacing d002 of (002) plane by an X-ray diffraction method is 0.337 nm or less; and a total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 0.4 μm or less measured by a nitrogen gas adsorption method is 25.0 μl/g or more and 40.0 μl/g or less; and by observing optical structures in a cross-section of the carbon material , when areas of the optical structures are accumulated from a smallest structure in an ascending order , SOP represents an area of an optical structure whose accumulated area corresponds to 60% of a total area of all the optical structures; when the structures are counted from a structure of a smallest aspect ratio in an ascending order , AROP represents an aspect ratio of a structure which ranks at a position of 60% in a ...

Systems and Methods for Enabling Communication Between USB Type-C Connections and Legacy Connections Over an Extension Medium

Techniques for supporting USB and video communication over an extension medium are provided. In some embodiments, an upstream facing port device (UFP device) is coupled to legacy connectors of a host device, and a downstream facing port device (DFP device) is coupled to a USB Type-C receptacle of the sink device that may provide both USB and DisplayPort information. The UFP device and DFP device communicate to properly configure the USB Type-C connection for use in the extension environment. In some embodiments, a source device is coupled to the UFP device via a USB Type-C connection, and legacy video and USB devices are coupled to the DFP device. The UFP device and DFP device again communicate to cause the source device to properly configure the USB Type-C connection for use in the extension environment.

REACTION DEVICE WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND USE THEREOF

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first wall, which defines an interior, the interior configured to accommodate a stirring mechanism,wherein a heat exchanger is at least partly on a surface of the first wall that faces away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, the heat exchanger including at least two layers each of which has a grate structure.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has a double wall comprising:the first wall, anda second wall, so that an intermediate space, which accommodates the heat exchanger, is formed between the first wall and the second wall.3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction device is a tube furnace.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the stirring mechanism is a screw conveyor.5. The reaction device according to claim 4 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises screw sections claim 4 , which have different pitches.6. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has at least two reaction zones with different temperatures.7. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the layers of the heat exchanger are connected to one another at contact points of the layers or contact surfaces of the layers.8. The reaction device according claim 1 , wherein the structure of a grate ...

CARBON FOAM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions, wherein the linear portions have a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and the carbon foam has a surface with an area of 100 cmor more. 1. A carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions , whereinthe linear portions have a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and{'sup': '2', 'the carbon foam has a surface with an area of 100 cmor more.'}2. A carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions , whereinthe linear portions have a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and{'sup': '2', 'the carbon foam has no through holes with an area of 2000 mmor more.'}3. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon foam comprises a region of 4000 mmor more having no through holes with an area of 2000 mmor more.4. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the number of the linear portions to the number of the node portions is 1.3 or more and 1.6 or less.5. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , having no through holes with an area of 1000 mmor more.6. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the carbon foam has a density of the node portions of 15 claim 1 ,000/mmor more.7. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , having a bulk density of 3.0 kgmor more and 400 kgmor less.8. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , wherein the linear portions have a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less.911-. (canceled)12. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the carbon foam has a density of the node portions of 30 claim 1 ,000/mmor more.13. The carbon foam according to claim 1 , whereinin at least a part of the carbon foam, a thickness direction of the carbon foam is defined as x direction, a direction perpendicular to the x direction is defined as y direction, and a direction perpendicular to the x direction and the y ...

THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM UTILIZING INSULATING AND CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS

A thermal protection system includes an outer coating layer, at least one inner bond coat layer, and a conductive layer positioned adjacent at least one of the outer coating layer and the at least one bond coat layer. 1. A thermal protection system comprising:an outer coating layer;at least one bond coat layer; anda conductive layer positioned adjacent at least one of the outer coating layer and the at least one bond coat layer.2. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bond coat layer includes a first bond coat layer and a second bond coat layer claim 1 , the first bond coat layer positioned intermediate the outer coating layer and the conductive layer claim 1 , and the second bond coat layer positioned inward of the outer coating layer claim 1 , the conductive layer claim 1 , and the first bond coat layer.3. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is positioned in a first position defined intermediate the outer coating layer and the at least one bond coat layer.4. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is positioned in a second position defined inward of both the at least one bond coat layer and the outer coating layer.5. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is comprised of at least one of a ceramic material claim 1 , and a metallic material.6. The thermal protection system of claim 5 , wherein the conductive layer is comprised of approximately 98 wt. % or more of carbon.7. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is porous.8. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer includes a coating.9. The thermal protection system of further comprising an adhesive positioned adjacent at least one of the conductive layer claim 8 , the at least one bond coat layer claim 8 , and the outer coating layer.10. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the conductive layer is ...

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE CARBON MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE CARBON MATERIAL USING SAME

An apparatus for manufacturing a lithium-ion secondary cell negative-electrode carbon material by heat-treating carbon particles while causing the carbon particles to flow within a heat-treatment furnace, the apparatus having a heat-treatment furnace provided with a carbon-particle supply opening for supplying the carbon particles into the interior, and a negative-electrode carbon material recovery opening for taking out the negative-electrode carbon material from the interior and a cooling tank connected in an airtight manner to the negative-electrode carbon material recovery opening of the heat-treatment furnace, and provided with a cooling means. 1. A batchwise apparatus for manufacturing a negative-electrode carbon material for a lithium-ion secondary battery by heat-treating carbon particles while causing the carbon particles to flow within a heat-treatment furnace by the air flow caused by the stirring blades and an inert gas supplied to the interior of the heat-treatment furnace , the apparatus for manufacturing a negative-electrode carbon material for a lithium-ion secondary battery comprising:a heat-treatment furnace provided with a carbon-particle supply opening for supplying the carbon particles to an interior, a negative-electrode carbon material recovery opening for taking out the negative-electrode carbon material from the interior, stirring blades driven by a motor, an inert gas supply opening for supplying an inert gas to the interior of the heat-treatment furnace, and a gas exhaust opening for exhausting a gas within the heat-treatment furnace to the exterior of the furnace; anda cooling tank connected in an airtight manner via an on-off valve to the negative-electrode carbon material recovery opening of the heat-treatment furnace, provided with a cooling jacket for cooling the interior of the cooling tank by a refrigerant flowing within the cooling jacket and stirring blades driven by a motor, and an inert gas supply opening for supplying an inert ...

Carbon material for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium ion secondary battery

A carbon material for lithium ion secondary batteries of the invention contains amorphous carbon and graphite. The amorphous carbon is deposited on a surface of the graphite, the amorphous carbon content is 55% by weight to 99% by weight, and the graphite content is 1% by weight to 45% by weight.

Production of Alkali Sulfide Cathode Material and Methods for Processing Hydrogen Sulfide

Disclosed herein are methods of producing metal sulfide materials, including cathode materials. In some embodiments, the metal sulfide material comprises a secondary cluster of metal sulfide nanoparticles surrounded by a carbon layer. The carbon layer may be created by carbonizing one or more polymer layers disposed about the secondary cluster. The carbonized layer may aid in optimizing performance of the cathode material. Also disclosed herein are methods, processes, devices, and systems for removing hydrogen sulfide from a waste stream. In some embodiments, the waste stream containing hydrogen sulfide is a gas. The waste stream can be combined with a solvent containing a metal-catalyst complex, and the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with the metal results in production of a hydrogen gas and a solid comprising metal sulfide. 1. A method of converting a hydrogen sulfide gas to a metal sulfide material , the method comprising:combing an alkalai metal and an alcohol to create a metal alkoxide;creating an anhydrous solution comprising the metal alkoxide;flowing a gas through the solution, the gas comprising hydrogen sulfide;allowing the hydrogen sulfide gas to react with the metal to form a solid metal sulfide particle, hydrogen gas, and regenerate the alcohol; andprecipitating the solid metal sulfide and capturing the hydrogen gas; andseparating the solid metal sulfide precipitate from the alcohol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises a polymer and a solvent.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein heating of the precipitate creates a secondary cluster of polymer-coated metal sulfide particles.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the polymer-coated particles are coated with a layer of carbon.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP claim 2 , [CHNO]n) claim 2 , poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOZ claim 2 , [CHNO]n) claim 2 , and polyacrylonitrile (PAN claim 2 , [CHN]n) and the solvent is selected from ...

CONVERSION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED ORGANIC POLYMER PARTS TO SUBSTANTIALLY PURE CARBON

In one embodiment, a method includes creating a three-dimensional, carbon-containing structure using an additive manufacturing technique and converting the three-dimensional, carbon-containing structure to a substantially pure carbon structure. Moreover, the substantially pure carbon structure has an average feature diameter of less than about 100 nm. In another embodiment, a product includes a substantially pure carbon structure having an average feature diameter of less than about 100 nm. In yet another embodiment, a product includes an aerogel having inner channels corresponding to outer walls of a three-dimensional printed template around which the aerogel was formed. In addition, the inner channels have an average feature diameter of less than about 100 nm. 1. A method , comprising:creating a three-dimensional, carbon-containing structure using an additive manufacturing technique,converting the three-dimensional, carbon-containing structure to a substantially pure carbon structure,wherein the substantially pure carbon structure has an average feature diameter of less than about 100 nm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially pure carbon structure has at least one of an edge and a diameter of at least 1 mm in length.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially pure carbon structure has at least one of an edge and a diameter of at least 1 cm in length.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the three-dimensional claim 1 , carbon-containing structure to the substantially pure carbon structure includes heating the three-dimensional claim 1 , carbon-containing structure in a vacuum.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the heating is performed in a sequence of steps claim 4 , each step including an increasing heating rate and a holding period at a predefined temperature.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the three-dimensional claim 1 , carbon-containing structure to the substantially pure carbon structure includes heating the three- ...

POLYETHER-BASED POLYMER COMPOSITION

The present invention is a polyether-based polymer composition includes: a polyether-based polymer including an oxirane monomer unit and having one cationic group substantially only at one terminal of a polymer chain, and a nanocarbon material. The polyether-based polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, as a bucky gel or as a master batch for preparing a nanocarbon material aqueous dispersion in which a nanocarbon material is favorably dispersed. 1. A polyether-based polymer composition comprising;a polyether-based polymer including an oxirane monomer unit and having one cationic group substantially only at one terminal of a polymer chain, anda nanocarbon material.4. The polyether-based polymer composition according to claim 3 , wherein R represents a methyl group in the formula (2).5. The polyether-based polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nanocarbon material is a carbon nanotube.6. The polyether-based polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the nanocarbon material is 0.01 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyether-based polymer.7. The polyether-based polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein water is further contained and a content of the nanocarbon material is 0.05wt % or more based on the whole composition. The present invention relates to a polyether-based polymer composition in which a nanocarbon material is favorably and stably dispersed in the polyether-based polymer. The polyether-based polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used, e.g., as a master batch for preparing a nanocarbon material aqueous dispersion in which the nanocarbon material is favorably dispersed.Since nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical properties and further have both excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical strength properties, they are expected to be applied in a wide range of fields. As one of methods for ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PARTICLE GENERATION

Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. 143.-. (canceled)44. A carbon particle with a surface area/electron microscope surface area (STSA/EMSA) ratio greater than or equal to about 1.3.45. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein the carbon particle has a lattice constant (L) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4.46. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein a Z average particle size of the carbon particle as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation D=(2540+71)/S claim 44 , where Dis maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers claim 44 , S is STSA in m/g claim 44 , and is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414.47. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein the carbon particle has a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is (i) between about 30 m/g and 400 m/g claim 44 , (ii) between about 40 m/g and 80 m/g claim 44 , or (iii) between about 80 m/g and 150 m/g.48. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein (i) total extractable PAHs of the carbon particle are less than about 1 ppm claim 44 , or (ii) the carbon particle has a tote greater than about 99.8%.49. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein the carbon particle has (i) a total sulfur content of less than about 50 ppm claim 44 , (ii) an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 0.4% oxygen by weight claim 44 , (ii) a hydrogen content of less than about 0.4% hydrogen by weight claim 44 , or (iv) a boron concentration that is between about 0.05% and 7% on a solids weight basis.50. The carbon particle of claim 44 , wherein the carbon particle has (i) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 0.3% by weight claim 44 , (ii) an affinity to adsorb water from an 80% relative humidity atmosphere of less than ...

TWO-DIMENSIONAL AMORPHOUS CARBON COATING AND METHODS OF GROWING AND DIFFERENTIATING STEM CELLS

Described is a composite material composed of an atomically thin (single layer) amorphous carbon disposed on top of a substrate (metal, glass, oxides) and methods of growing and differentiating stem cells. 16-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 7 , comprising:heating the substrate to a temperature of ≤500° C. prior to the forming.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the 2D amorphous carbon film is formed as a continuous film over substantially the entire substrate surface.10. The method of claim 7 , comprising:separating the 2D amorphous carbon film from the surface of the substrate to obtain a free-standing 2D amorphous carbon film.11. The method of claim 7 , comprising:transferring a free-standing 2D amorphous carbon film onto a surface of another substrate.1220-. (canceled) This application claims benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/463,112 entitled, “LAYERED COMPOSITE MATERIAL CONSISTING ATOMICALLY THIN AMORPHOUS CARBON ON TOP OF THE SUBSTRATE,” filed Feb. 24, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/546,680 entitled, “THERAPEUTIC COATING AND METHODS OF GROWING AND DIFFERENTIATING STEM CELLS,” filed Aug. 17, 2017. The entire contents and disclosures of these patent applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present disclosure relates to generally to two-dimensional amorphous carbon (2DAC) coating and articles and methods of growing and differentiating stem cells.A need exists within the prior art to develop and provide suitable applications for a coating intended for specific purposes such as biomedical applications.According to first broad aspect, the present disclosure provides a two-dimensional (2D) amorphous carbon film, wherein the 2D amorphous carbon film has a crystallinity (C)≤0.8.According to a second broad aspect, the present disclosure provides a two-dimensional (2D) amorphous carbon film, wherein the 2D amorphous carbon film has a crystallinity (C)<1 and a sp/spbond ratio is 0.2 or ...

BIOCHAR AS A MICROBIAL CARRIER

The invention relates to a microbial delivery where biochar acts as a carrier for microbes. 1. A microbial delivery system comprising:a treated biochar comprising a pore; anda microbe, wherein the microbe is retained on a surface or in a pore of the treated biochar;and wherein the treated biochar was formed by treating a biochar so as to improve or maintain the viability of the microbe retained on the surface or in the pore of the treated biochar.2. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the microbe is inoculated into the pore of the treated biochar.3. The delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the microbe is inoculated into the pore of the treated biochar using mechanical claim 2 , chemical claim 2 , or biological assistance to move the microbe either into the pore of the biochar or onto the surface of the biochar.4. The delivery system of claim 3 , wherein the microbe is inoculated into the pore of the biochar using the application of positive or negative pressure.5. The delivery system of claim 3 , wherein the microbe is inoculated into the pore of the biochar or on the surface of the treated biochar through integrated growth.6. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the microbe is retained by the treated biochar through mixing the biochar and microbe together.7. The delivery system of claim 6 , wherein the microbe is retained on the treated biochar by suspending the microbe in liquid and depositing the microbe on the biochar.8Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Burkholderia, Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Microccocus, Aereobacter, Flavobacterium, Erwinia, KlebsiellaEnterobacterBacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus edaphicus, Bacillus circulans, PaenibacillusAcidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, Pseudomonas cepacia, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella variicola, Pantoea agglomeransGlomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Aspergillus terreusAspergillus niger.. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the microbe retained by the biochar is selected from the group consisting of: claim ...

Manufacturing method of carbon-silicon composite

Disclosed herein are a manufacturing method of a carbon-silicon composite, including: (a) preparing a slurry solution including silicon (Si)-block copolymer core-shell particles; (b) mixing the slurry solution with a carbon raw material to manufacture a mixed solution; (c) performing a primary carbonization process on the mixed solution, followed by pulverization, to manufacture a primary carbon-silicon composite; and (d) performing a secondary carbonization process on the primary carbon-silicon composite, followed by pulverization, to manufacture a secondary carbon-silicon composite, the carbon-silicon composite, an anode for a secondary battery manufactured by applying the carbon-silicon composite, and a secondary battery including the anode for a secondary battery.

Negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode mixture for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and vehicle

A negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and the like with high discharge capacity relative to volume and excellent cycle characteristics are provided. The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention comprises, as an active material, a carbon material mixture including a non-graphitic carbon material and a graphitic material. In this carbon material mixture, the non-graphitic carbon material has an atom ratio (H/C) of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms determined by elemental analysis of 0.10 or less, and an average particle size (D v50 ) of from 1 to 8 μm; and the graphitic material has a true density (ρ Bt ) determined by a pycnometer method using butanol of 2.15 g/cm 3 or greater. The true density (ρ Bt ) of the non-graphitic carbon material is preferably 1.52 g/cm 3 or greater and less than 2.15 g/cm 3 .

Colorant Change Prediction

Methods and apparatus for predicting colorant usage by printing devices are provided. A prediction server can receive a request to predict colorant usage for a first printing device. The prediction server can determine first plurality of functions to predict colorant usage for the first printing device. The first plurality of functions can include at least one linear function and at least one non-linear function. The first plurality of functions can be based on colorant-usage rates indicating historical rates of change in colorant used by the first printing device. The prediction server can determine a prediction of colorant usage for the first printing device using the first plurality of functions. The prediction server can provide an output involving the prediction of colorant usage for the first printing device, where the prediction of colorant usage can include a confidence interval related to the prediction. 1. A method for predicting printer device colorant usage , the method comprising:receiving, at a prediction server, a request to predict colorant usage for a first printing device;determining, at the prediction server, a first plurality of functions to predict colorant usage for the first printing device, wherein the first plurality of functions comprise at least one linear function and a plurality of non-linear functions, wherein the first plurality of functions are based on one or more colorant-usage rates that indicate historical rates of change in colorant used by a plurality of printing devices that include the first printing device, and wherein determining the plurality of non-linear functions includes i) analyzing historical rates of change in colorant used by the plurality of printing devices, and ii) determining a pre-determined number of periodic components of the historical rates of change;determining, at the prediction server, a prediction of colorant usage for the first printing device using the first plurality of functions; andproviding an ...

A METHOD FOR COOLING/QUENCHING OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASEOUS STREAM OF METAL- OR METALLOID HALIDES IN CARBIDE DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTION

A method and an apparatus for reducing the corrosion of a condenser in carbide derived carbons (CDC) production where cooling/quenching of a gaseous stream metal or metalloid halide is performed by direct contact of gaseous stream with liquid cooling agent before condenser, without utilizing a heat exchanger for the temperature range above 300° C., while keeping purity of gaseous stream of metal or metalloid halide constant. The apparatus comprises a reactor for carbide to carbon conversion and a condenser for collecting the by-produced metal- or metalloid chloride, and a cooling unit comprising a tank of liquid cooling agent. Temperature of the gas stream entering the condenser is reduced by heat absorbed in vaporization of a liquid metal- or metalloid halide introduced from the tank of liquid cooling agent through by supply pump, through the supply flow valve into the gaseous stream at the exit of the reactor. 1. A method for reducing corrosion of a condenser in CDC production , comprising a step of cooling/quenching a gaseous stream metal or metalloid halide by direct contact of the gaseous stream with liquid cooling agent before the condenser , without utilizing a heat exchanger for a temperature range above 300° C. , while keeping purity of the gaseous stream of metal or metalloid halide constant.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein reduction of temperature of the gaseous stream of metal or metalloid halide is performed before an inlet of the condenser claim 1 , and wherein the temperature of gas stream entering the condenser is reduced by the liquid cooling agent led into direct contact with the gaseous stream.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the cooling agent is a liquid metal- or metalloid halide of same chemical composition as the metal- or metalloid halide being condensed from the gaseous stream.4. An apparatus for carbon production via extraction of non-carbon atoms from a metal- or metalloid carbide comprising:a reactor for carbide to ...

Carbon material wick for candle and candle including the same

Provided is a wick for a candle including a carbon material. In addition, provided is a candle including the wick for a candle. By using the wick for a candle according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the candle in which a length of the wick combusted at the time of combustion is not long and ash of the wick does not fall.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE

Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes. 110-. (canceled)11. A system for treating organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization , comprising:a source gf organic waste;a wet waste tank for receiving the organic waste;a wet waste mixing tank for mixing the organic waste;a first thermal reactor receiving a first batch of mixed wet waste from the wet waste mixing tank, the first thermal reactor configured to achieve a first thermal hydrolysis process of the first batch of mixed wet waste;a second thermal reactor receiving a second batch of mixed wet waste from the wet waste mixing tank, the second thermal reactor configured to achieve a second thermal hydrolysis process of the second batch of mixed wet waste;a bio-char cooler configured to cool bio-char sludge generated by the first thermal reactor and the second thermal reactor; anda steam conduit provided with a valve connecting the first thermal reactor and the second thermal reactor and configured to supply steam from the first thermal reactor to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner, thereby to provide heat and pressure for a thermal hydrolysis process;wherein a water conduit provided with a pump is connected between the first ...

COMPOSITE WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MOLDED ARTICLE INCLUDING THE SAME

The present invention provides a composite obtained by processing a resin composition including a thermoplastic resin, multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes have an average diameter of 10 nm-3 nm and an Id/Ig of 0.6 or more. The walls of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes consist of 10 or more layers of graphene. The rate of residual length of the carbon nanotubes present in the composite is 40% or more. The composite has improved mechanical properties without deterioration of conductivity. Due to these advantages, the composite can be used to manufacture various molded articles. 1. A composite obtained by processing a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin , multi-walled carbon nanotubes , wherein the average diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 10 nm-30 nm , the walls of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes consist of 10 or more layers of graphene , the I/Iof the multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.6 or more.2. The composite according to claim 1 , further comprising a reinforcing material.3. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the rate of residual length of the carbon nanotubes present in the composite is 40% to 99% claim 1 , the rate of residual length being defined by Equation 1:{'br': None, 'Rate of residual length (%)=(Content of 500 nm long carbon nanotubes in the composite)/(Content of all carbon nanotubes in the composite)×100.\u2003\u2003'}4. (canceled)5. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the walls of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes consist of 10 to 50 graphene layers.6. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composite has a tensile strength of 83 MPa or more.7. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composite has a tensile modulus of 3.3 GPa or more.8. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composite has a surface resistivity of 1.0×10Ω/sq. or less.9. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are of a bundle ...

YOLK-SHELL STRUCTURED PARTICLES, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING SAME

A particle with a yolk-shell structure including a shell including carbon; and a care including silicon (Si) provided inside the shell, wherein at least a part of the shell is spaced apart from the core, and the particle with the yolk-shell structure has a micropore volume of 0.15 cm/g or less, and a method for preparing the same. 1. A particle with a yolk-shell structure comprising:a shell comprising carbon; anda core comprising silicon provided inside the shell,wherein at least a part of the shell is spaced apart from the core, and{'sup': '3', 'the particle with the yolk-shell structure has a micropore volume of 0.15 cm/g or less.'}2. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 1 , which has a micropore volume of 0.05 cm/g or less.3. (canceled)4. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 1 , which has a micropore volume of 0.001 cm/g or less.5. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 1 , which has a specific surface area of 600 m/g or less.6. (canceled)7. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 1 , which has a specific surface area of 50 m/g to 120 m/g.8. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 1 , wherein the shell has a mesopore size of 2 nm or less.9. A particle with a yolk-shell structure comprising:a shell comprising carbon; anda core comprising silicon provided inside the shell, said silicon being present as silicon containing particles having a particle size of 20 nm or greater,wherein at least a part of the shell is spaced apart from the core.10. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 9 , wherein the silicon containing particles have a particle size of 30 nm to 150 nm.11. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 9 , wherein the silicon containing particles have a particle size of 30 nm to 100 nm.12. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of claim 9 , wherein the yolk-shell structure has a specific surface area of 150 m/g or less.13. (canceled)14. The particle with a yolk-shell structure of ...

Emulsion and suspension polymerization processes, and improved electrochemical performance for carbon derived from same

The present application is directed to methods for preparation of polymer particles in gel form and carbon materials made therefrom. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries. The methods herein can also be employed generally to improve emulsion and/or suspension polymerization processes by improved control of diffusion of acidic and basic species between the polymer and secondary phases.

ELECTRONIC COMPONENT AND MATERIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE REMOVAL OF WASTE PRODUCTS AND GENERATION OF CONSUMABLES

Removing waste gas, more particularly carbon dioxide, from a gaseous medium and producing gaseous oxygen, a recovered waste constituent, more particularly solid carbon, heat and electrical power, by means of chemical reaction of waste gas with a metal oxide, more particularly dodecatungstophosphoric acid, immobilized in a porous matrix, more particularly tetraethylorthosilicate sol gel, enclosed in a gas permeable membrane. Regeneration of the metal oxide, more particularly by heating, and reconstitution of the porous matrix containing same by periodic introduction of base materials, and in some cases with externally supplied energy. 1. Apparatus for mitigating carbon dioxide emission of a carbon dioxide-producing activity , said apparatus comprising:a rectangular frame having spaced-apart opposing first and second sides, spaced-apart opposing first and second ends, and spaced-apart opposing first and second edges;a first membrane sealingly contacting said first edge and spanning said frame from side to side and from end to end, said first membrane being permeable to carbon dioxide;a second membrane sealingly contacting said second edge and spanning said frame from side to side and from end to end, said second membrane being permeable to oxygen;a webbing disposed in said frame between said first membrane and said second membrane;a porous matrix adherent to said webbing, said matrix containing water, said matrix being permeable to water and to gases dissolved therein; andan active material included in said matrix, said active material being capable of reacting with carbon dioxide to form oxygen and carbon,said first membrane and said second membrane being capable of physically confining said matrix.2. Apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said frame and said webbing are electrically insulating and said first membrane and said second membrane are electrically conductive and are electrically connected to respective first and second poles of an electric circuit for collecting ...

Apparatus and methods for fabrication of carbon foams and silicon-carbon composite anodes

The disclosure generally relates to a method for fabrication of carbon foam and materials derived from the pyrolization of biomass at supercritical and subcritical conditions for CO2 and N2. The method includes exposing biomass to CO2 and N2 under various parameters for temperature, pressure, heating rate and fluid flow rate. Silicon-carbon composite anodes and anode fabrication methods are also described.

Negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method for producing negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery

A negative electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, containing a negative electrode active material particle, wherein the negative electrode active material particle includes a silicon compound particle containing a silicon compound (SiOx: 0.5≤x≤1.6), the silicon compound particle contains a Li compound, at least a part of the silicon compound particle is coated with a carbon material, and an O-component fragment and a CH-component fragment are detected from the negative electrode active material particle in a measurement by TOF-SIMS, and a ratio of a peak intensity A of the O-component fragment to a peak intensity B of the CH-component fragment is 0.5≤A/B≤100. This provides a negative electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of increasing battery capacity and improving the cycle characteristics and battery initial efficiency.

Carbon fibre fibre-sizing containing nanoparticles

A carbon fibre material is coated with nanoparticles, where the coating contains from 0.01 to less than 10% by weight of nanoparticles, based on the dry weight of the coated fibre material, and the coating may optionally be involved in further reactions.

CARBON FOAM FROM BLENDED COALS

Disclosed are methods for producing carbon foam in which using the vitrinite reflectance values of coals are used to form a blended coal precursor having a targeted vitrinite reflectance value. The targeted vitrinite reflectance value can be used to create similar carbon foam products from one production batch to the next. 1. A method for producing carbon foam , comprising the steps of:blending a first comminuted coal having a first vitrinite reflectance value with a second comminuted coal having a second vitrinite reflectance value that is different than the first vitrinite reflectance value to provide a blended coal precursor having an overall vitrinite reflectance value wherein at least one of the first comminuted coal and the second comminuted coal is a swelling coal; andheating the blended coal precursor in a mold under a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under a pressure ranging of at least about 50 psi to a final temperature ranging from about 300 C to about 700 C, and wherein the resulting carbon foam has an average overall density ranging from 0.1 g/cc to about 1.6 g/cc.2. The method of wherein the overall vitrinite reflectance value is up to 1.1 R% and wherein the average overall density of the carbon foam has a value ranging from about 0.27 g/cc to about 0.4 g/cc.3. The method of wherein the overall vitrinite reflectance value is between about 1.1 R% and about 1.6 R% and wherein the average overall density of the carbon foam has a value ranging from about 0.4 g/cc to about 1 g/cc.4. The method of wherein the swelling coal is selected from the group consisting of bituminous coal and subbituminous coal.5. The method of wherein at least one of the first comminuted coal and second comminuted coal is a non-swelling coal.6. The method of wherein the first vitrinite reflectance value is greater than the second vitrinite reflectance value.7. The method of wherein the swelling coal exhibits a Free Swell Index value greater than about 0.5.8. The method of wherein the ...

Silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method thereof

A silicon-carbon composite material includes a matrix core, a silicon-carbon composite shell formed by uniformly dispersing nano silicon particles in conductive carbon, and a coating layer. The nano silicon particles are formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of a silicon source, and the conductive carbon is formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of an organic carbon source. The coating layer is a carbon coating layer including at least one layer, and the thickness of its single layer is 0.2-3 μm. A silicon-carbon composite material precursor is formed by simultaneous vapor deposition and is then subjected to carbon coating to form the pitaya-like silicon-carbon composite material which has advantages of high first-cycle efficiency, low expansion and long cycle. The grain growth of the silicon material is slowed down during the heat treatment process, the pulverization of the material is effectively avoided, and the cycle performance, conductivity and rate performance of the material are enhanced.

Method to Recycle Plastics, Electronics, Munitions or Propellants Using a Metal Reactant Alloy Composition

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process. 1. An apparatus for recycling plastics , electronics , munitions or propellants , the apparatus comprising:a bowl where a feed stock is mixed with molten aluminum;a reaction vessel containing further molten aluminum,a feed stock feed line connecting the bowl and the reaction vessel, the feed stock line feeding the feed stock and molten aluminum mixture below the surface of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel, wherein the feed stock with the molten aluminum react in the reaction vessel, such that oxygen and oxygen containing compounds in the feed stock are removed and aluminum oxides are formed; andcollection lines connected to the reaction vessel to remove the products of the reaction.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the molten aluminum comprises an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of silicon claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , copper claim 1 , iron claim 1 , and calcium.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bowl uses a vortex of molten aluminum to receive the feed stock.4. The apparatus of wherein the bowl is a ceramic bowl.5. The apparatus of further comprising an aluminum feed line connected to the reaction vessel.6. The apparatus of further comprising a feed line of molten aluminum from the reaction vessel to the bowl.7. The apparatus of wherein slag and lighter reaction products are removed from the top of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel.8. The apparatus of wherein the collection lines are connected to a low point in the reaction ...

CARBON MATERIAL PRECURSOR, CARBON MATERIAL PRECURSOR COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON MATERIAL USING THE SAME

A carbon material precursor includes an acrylamide/vinyl cyanide-based copolymer which contains 50 to 99.9 mol % of acrylamide-based monomer unit and 0.1 to 50 mol % of vinyl cyanide-based monomer unit; a carbon material precursor composition includes the above-described carbon material precursor and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of acids and salts thereof; and a method for producing a carbon material, includes subjecting the above-described carbon material precursor or the above-described carbon material precursor composition to thermal-stabilization treatment as necessary, followed by carbonization treatment. 1. A carbon material precursor comprising: 50 to 99.9 mol % of an acrylamide-based monomer unit and', '0.1 to 50 mol % of a vinyl cyanide-based monomer unit., 'an acrylamide/vinyl cyanide-based copolymer which contains'}2. The carbon material precursor according to claim 1 , whereinthe acrylamide/vinyl cyanide-based copolymer is soluble in an aqueous solvent or an aqueous mixture solvent.3. The carbon material precursor according to claim 1 , whereinthe acrylamide/vinyl cyanide-based copolymer is an acrylamide/acrylonitrile copolymer.4. A carbon material precursor composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the carbon material precursor according to and'}at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of acids and salts thereof.5. The carbon material precursor composition according to claim 4 , whereina content of the additional component is 0.1 to 40 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the carbon material precursor.6. The carbon material precursor composition according to claim 4 , whereinthe additional component is at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, boric acid, polyboric acid, and ammonium salts thereof.7. A method for producing a carbon material claim 4 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', ...

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DIRECT THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH LIQUID METAL IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON

Direct thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons into solid carbon and hydrogen is performed by a process and a device. The process comprises preheating a hydrocarbon gas stream to a temperature between 500° C. and 700° C. and injecting the pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream into the reactor pool of a liquid metal reactor containing a liquid media; forming a multi-phase flow with a hydrocarbon gas comprising hydrogen and solid carbon at a temperature between 900° C. and 1200° C.; forming a carbon layer on the free surface of the liquid media made up of solid carbon particles which are then displaced into at least one carbon extraction system and at least one recipient for collecting them; and, at the same time, the gas comprising hydrogen leaves the reactor pool through a porous rigid section, being collected at a gas outlet collector from where the gas comprising hydrogen finally leaves the liquid metal reactor. 1. A process for the direct thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons into solid carbon and hydrogen comprising:a. preheating a hydrocarbon gas stream and conducting the hydrocarbon gas stream from at least one hydrocarbon gas stream inlet, located at a top part of a liquid metal reactor, to a bottom part of the liquid metal reactor, through a pre-heating conduit located surrounding the external perimeter of the liquid metal reactor, said pre-heating conduit being located inside a thermal insulation means, and obtaining a pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream at a temperature between 500° C. and 700° C.;b. injecting the pre-heated hydrocarbon gas stream obtained in step (a) into a reactor pool, containing a liquid metal media, of the liquid metal reactor, wherein said injection takes place at the bottom part of the liquid metal reactor through a porous section or a set of gas injection orifices;c. the hydrocarbon gas injected into the liquid metal reactor in step (b) moves upwards by buoyancy forming a multi-phase flow including a hydrocarbon gas comprising hydrogen and ...

Gas hydrate conversion system for harvesting hydrocarbon hydrate deposits

In one embodiment, a gas hydrate conversion system is provided comprising a floating factory, an appendage for harvesting a gas hydrate from an oceanic hydrate deposit, and one or more storage tanks. The floating factory comprises one or more heat exchange assemblies, one or more heat pump assemblies and an engine. In another embodiment, a method for harvesting hydrocarbon hydrate deposits is provided, the method comprising providing a gas hydrate conversion system; inducing release of methane from an oceanic hydrate deposit; capturing the methane from a primary methane capture zone and/or a secondary methane capture zone; and converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon.

Synthesis of graphitic shells on silicon nanoparticles

Discussed herein are methods for making an anode material comprising silicon nanoparticles and a graphite carbon coating thereon. The method can include providing silicon nanoparticles, applying an amorphous carbon coating thereon to create an amorphous carbon shell on the silicon nanoparticles at a first temperature, and converting the amorphous carbon shell to a graphite carbon shell at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. The method can optionally include producing silicon nanoparticles by providing an argon-silane mixture, exposing the argon-silane mixture to a non-thermal plasma to convert the silane mixture to amorphous clusters, and passing the amorphous clusters through a furnace at a first temperature so as to agglomerate them to silicon nanoparticles.

Synthesis and processing of novel phase of carbon (q-carbon)

Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

Improved emulsion and suspension polymerization processes, and improved electrochemical performance for carbon derived from same

The present application is directed to methods for preparation of polymer particles in gel form and carbon materials made therefrom. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries. The methods herein can also be employed generally to improve emulsion and/or suspension polymerization processes by improved control of diffusion of acidic and basic species between the polymer and secondary phases.

Synthesis and processing of q-carbon, graphene, and diamond

Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

Conversion of boron nitride into n-type and p-type doped cubic boron nitride and structures

Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

CARBON CATALYST, ELECTRODE, AND BATTERY

Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks f, f, and fobtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) f: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) f: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) f: 0.4% or more and 15% or less. 1. A carbon catalyst , comprising a carbon structure in which a carbon dioxide desorption amount at from 150° C. to 900° C. exhibits a maximum value within a range of from 200° C. to 340° C. in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a desorption amount of carbon dioxide at from 0° C. to 1 ,000° C.2. The carbon catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon catalyst comprises the carbon structure that exhibits a carbon monoxide desorption amount at from 150° C. to 1 claim 1 ,000° C. of 0.30 mmol/g or more and a carbon dioxide desorption amount at from 150° C. to 900° C. of 0.10 mmol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring desorption amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at from 0° C. to 1 claim 1 ,000° C.3. The carbon catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon catalyst comprises the carbon structure that exhibits an oxygen adsorption heat of 13 kJ/mol or less in oxygen adsorption and desorption measurement.4. The carbon catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon catalyst comprises the carbon structure that exhibits an oxygen adsorption heat of 13 kJ/mol or less in oxygen adsorption and desorption measurement.5. An electrode claim 1 , comprising the carbon catalyst of .6. A battery claim 5 , comprising the electrode of . This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 15/301,775 filed Oct. 4, 2016, which is a National Stage Application of PCT/JP2015/ ...

RAMAN SCATTERING ENHANCING-SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A Raman scattering enhancing-substrate is provided by arraying a plurality of porous carbon elements in a columnar form or in a massive form made of a porous carbon material with holes of 10 to 50 nm in diameter, on a support base. This substrate is manufactured by, for example, filling a template that is made of anodic aluminum oxide to have an array of a plurality of holes in a columnar form or in a cube form, with pyrrole as a monomer and polymerizing the pyrrole-filling template to form a polypyrrole nanoarray; making the entire polypyrrole nanoarray porous to provide a porous polypyrrole nanoarray that is a porous body with pores of 10 to 50 nm in diameter; and carbonizing the porous polypyrrole nanoarray. 1. A Raman scattering enhancing-substrate having a Raman scattering enhancing effect , the Raman scattering enhancing-substrate being configured by arraying a plurality of porous carbon elements in a columnar form , in a massive form , or in a spherical form made of a porous carbon material with pores of 10 to 50 nm in diameter , on a support base.2. The Raman scattering enhancing-substrate according to claim 1 ,wherein the porous carbon element is formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 50 to 200 nm and a length of 5 to 20 μm or in a rectangular column shape having each side of 50 to 200 nm and a length of 5 to 20 μm.3. The Raman scattering enhancing-substrate according to claim 1 ,wherein the porous carbon element has doped sulfur.4. A method of manufacturing a Raman scattering enhancing-substrate having a Raman scattering enhancing effect claim 1 , the method comprising:an array forming process of filling a template, which is made of anodic aluminum oxide to have an array of a plurality of holes in a columnar form or in a cube form, with pyrrole as a monomer, and polymerizing the pyrrole-filling template to form a polypyrrole nanoarray;a pore making process of making the entire polypyrrole nanoarray porous to provide a porous polypyrrole ...

PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN GAS AND CARBON PRODUCTS

A production system includes a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber is configured to receive a first hydrocarbon stream therein through an input port and to form carbon seeds and hydrogen gas therein via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the first hydrocarbon stream. The second reaction chamber includes a first input port and a second input port. The second reaction chamber is configured to receive the carbon seeds through the first input port and a second hydrocarbon stream through the second input port, and to form carbon product elements and additional hydrogen gas in the second reaction chamber via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the second hydrocarbon stream. The carbon product elements represent the carbon seeds with additional carbon structure grown on the carbon seeds. 1. A production system comprising:a first reaction chamber configured to receive a first hydrocarbon stream therein through an input port and to form carbon seeds and hydrogen gas therein via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the first hydrocarbon stream; anda second reaction chamber including a first input port and a second input port, the second reaction chamber configured to receive the carbon seeds through the first input port and a second hydrocarbon stream through the second input port, the second reaction chamber configured to form carbon product elements and additional hydrogen gas in the second reaction chamber via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the second hydrocarbon stream, wherein the carbon product elements represent the carbon seeds with additional carbon structure grown on the carbon seeds.2. The production system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reaction chambers are heterogeneous catalytic reaction chambers.3. The production system of claim 1 , wherein process conditions within the second reaction chamber differ from corresponding process conditions within the first reaction chamber by more than a designated threshold range.4. The production system of ...

BLOCK COPOLYMER POROUS CARBON FIBERS AND USES THEREOF

Described herein are porous carbon fibers, methods of making the porous carbon fibers, and methods of using the porous carbon fibers. In some aspects, the porous carbon fibers can have a hierarchical distribution of uniformly distributed meso- and micropores, wherein the micropores and mesopores can be interconnected. In aspects, the porous carbon fibers can have mesopores with a uniform pore size. 1. A porous carbon fiber comprising:a carbon matrix; andmesopores, wherein the mesopores are uniformly distributed throughout the carbon matrix, wherein the mesopores are uniform in size, wherein at least 50% of the mesopores are interconnected.2. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , further comprising micropores claim 1 , wherein the micropores are distributed throughout the carbon matrix claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the micropores are interconnected with one or more mesopores.3. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , wherein the micropores are uniformly distributed throughout the carbon matrix.4. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , wherein the mesopores have a uniform pore size.5. The porous carbon fiber of claim 4 , wherein the peak size of the mesopores ranges from about 2 to about 50 nm.6. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the porous carbon fiber ranges from about 20 to about 80 percent.7. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , wherein the BET surface area is greater than 300 m·g.8. The porous carbon fiber of claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon fibers have a collective pore volume claim 1 , wherein the collective pore volume ranging from about 0.05 to about 1 cm/g.9. A carbon fiber matrix claim 1 , wherein the carbon fiber matrix comprises:a plurality of porous carbon fibers, wherein each of the carbon fibers in the plurality of porous carbon fibers comprisea carbon matrix; andmesopores, wherein the mesopores are uniformly distributed throughout the carbon matrix, wherein the mesopores are uniform in size, wherein at least 50% of the ...

Activated three dimentional carbon network structure, method for fabricating the same and electrode comprising the same

The present specification provides an activated three-dimensional carbon network structure, a method for fabricating the same, and an electrode including the same.

Core-shell composite particles for anode materials of lithium ion batteries

The invention relates to core-shell composite particles, the core being a porous, carbon-based matrix containing silicon particles and the shell being non-porous and being obtainable by the carbonization of one or more carbon precursors, the silicon particles having average particle sizes of 1 to 15 μm.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ELIMINATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS USING BIOMASS

Methods for eliminating environmental contaminants using biomass are disclosed. The methods may include combining at least a portion of a biomass and a solvent within a reactor of a hydrothermal liquefaction system, where at least the portion of the biomass having absorbed and includes an environmental contaminant. The method may also include heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics, and generating a plurality of byproducts free of the environmental contaminant. 1. A method comprising:combining at least a portion of a biomass and a solvent within a reactor of a hydrothermal liquefaction system, at least the portion of the biomass having absorbed and including an environmental contaminant;heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics; andgenerating a plurality of byproducts free of the environmental contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a catalyst to the solvent or the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent claim 1 , prior to the heating and pressurizing of the combination.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solvent is water claim 2 , and the catalyst is calcium hydroxide.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: waste liquid;', 'a biocrude oil; and', 'a biochar material., 'separating the plurality of byproducts into5. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics further includes:heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent to a predetermined temperature;heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent for a predetermined duration of time; andmaintaining a predetermined pressure within the reactor of the hydrothermal liquefaction system during the heating of the ...

Carbon fibre

The invention relates to a process for producing a fibre. The process comprises providing particulate coal, exposing it to a temperature sufficient for plasticisation thereof so as to form metaplastic coal, applying sufficient pressure to the metaplastic coal to extrude it through an orifice and allowing the extruded coal to solidify in the form of a fibre.

RECYCLING OF POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE

The present invention relates in general to recycling of polymer matrix composite. In particular, the invention relates to a process for separating reinforcement material from polymer matrix composite comprising the reinforcement material within a thermoset polymer matrix. 1. A process for separating reinforcement material from polymer matrix composite comprising the reinforcement material within a thermoset polymer matrix , the process comprising bringing into contact (i) the polymer matrix composite , and (ii) a reclaim composition comprising a phenolic compound and an acidic or basic catalyst , wherein through contact with the reclaim composition the thermoset polymer matrix (a) degrades via chain scission and becomes solubilised within the reclaim composition , and (b) consequently releases the reinforcement material into the reclaim composition.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reclaim composition is heated to a temperature of at least 100° C.31. The process according to or claim 1 , wherein the reclaim composition is subjected to a pressure greater than bar.4. The process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound is selected from phenol claim 1 , cresols claim 1 , catechol claim 1 , resorcinol claim 1 , hydroquinone claim 1 , hydroxylbenzoic acids claim 1 , nitrophenols claim 1 , nitrosophenols claim 1 , phenolic aldehydes and combinations thereof5. The process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst is selected from hydrochloric acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , methane sulfonic acid claim 1 , toluene sulfonic acids claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , phthalic acid and combinations thereof.6. The process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the basic catalyst is selected from hydroxides or carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , ...

MICROWAVE REACTOR SYSTEM ENCLOSING A SELF-IGNITING PLASMA

This disclosure provides a reactor system that includes a microwave energy source that generates a microwave energy, a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) coupled to the microwave source. The FEWG includes a field-enhancing zone having a cross-sectional area that decreases along a length of the FEWG. The field-enhancing zone includes a supply gas inlet that receives a supply gas, a reaction zone that generates a plasma in response to excitation of the supply gas by the microwave energy, a process inlet that injects a raw material into the reaction zone, and a constricted region that retains a portion of the plasma and combines the plasma and the raw material in response to the microwave energy within the reaction zone. An expansion chamber is in fluid communication with the constricted region facilitates expansion of the plasma. An outlet outputs a plurality of carbon-inclusive particles derived from the expanded plasma and the raw material. 1. A reactor system comprising:a microwave energy source configured to generate a microwave energy; a supply gas inlet configured to receive a supply gas;', 'a reaction zone configured to generate a plasma in response to excitation of the supply gas by the microwave energy;', 'a process inlet configured to inject a raw material into the reaction zone; and', 'a constricted region configured to retain at least some of the generated plasma within the reaction zone, the constricted region further configured to combine the plasma and the raw material in response to microwave energy within the constricted region;, 'a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) coupled to the microwave energy source, the FEWG including a field-enhancing zone having a cross-sectional area that decreases along a length of the FEWG, the field-enhancing zone comprisingan expansion chamber in fluid communication with the constricted region and configured to expand the plasma; andan outlet configured to output a plurality of carbon-inclusive particles derived from the ...

ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING STRUCTURES COMPRISING CARBON

Methods of forming solid carbon products include disposing a plurality of nanotubes in a press, and applying heat to the plurality of carbon nanotubes to form the solid carbon product. Further processing may include sintering the solid carbon product to form a plurality of covalently bonded carbon nanotubes. The solid carbon product includes a plurality of voids between the carbon nanotubes having a median minimum dimension of less than about 100 nm. Some methods include compressing a material comprising carbon nanotubes, heating the compressed material in a non-reactive environment to form covalent bonds between adjacent carbon nanotubes to form a sintered solid carbon product, and cooling the sintered solid carbon product to a temperature at which carbon of the carbon nanotubes do not oxidize prior to removing the resulting solid carbon product for further processing, shipping, or use. 1. A method of additively manufacturing a structure comprising carbon , the method comprising:providing a first layer of a solid carbon product in a nonreactive environment;exposing the solid carbon product to laser radiation to covalently bond at least some carbon atoms of the solid carbon product with other carbon atoms of the solid carbon product;depositing additional solid carbon product on first layer to form a second layer; andexposing the additional solid carbon product to laser radiation to covalently bond at least some carbon atoms of the additional solid carbon product to other carbon atoms of the solid carbon product and to at least some carbon atoms of the first layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first layer of a solid carbon product in a nonreactive environment comprises placing the solid carbon product and a material selected from the group consisting of nickel claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , gold claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , and iridium in the nonreactive environment.3. The method of ...

Ultrapure synthetic carbon materials

The present application is generally directed to ultrapure synthetic carbon materials having both high surface area and high porosity, ultrapure polymer gels and devices containing the same. The disclosed ultrapure synthetic carbon materials find utility in any number of devices, for example, in electric double layer capacitance devices and batteries. Methods for making ultrapure synthetic carbon materials and ultrapure polymer gels are also disclosed.

NOVEL METHODS FOR SOL-GEL POLYMERIZATION IN ABSENCE OF SOLVENT AND CREATION OF TUNABLE CARBON STRUCTURE FROM SAME

The present application is directed to methods for solvent-free preparation of polymers and their subsequent processing into activated carbon materials. These methods unexpectedly demonstrate ability to tune pore structure in the polymer gel and carbon produced there from, while also providing distinct advantages over the current art. 131-. (canceled)32. A method for preparing a carbon material comprising an electrochemical modifier , the method comprising:a. preparing a mixture by physically blending polymer precursors, wherein the mixture comprises less than 10% solvent by weight, and the polymer precursors comprise monomers;b. aging the mixture at a temperature for a time sufficient for the polymer precursors to react with each other and form a polymer; andc. pyrolyzing the polymer in an inert atmosphere,wherein the electrochemical modifier is added to the mixture, the polymer precursors or the polymer.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the electrochemical modifier is selected from nitrogen claim 32 , iron claim 32 , tin claim 32 , silicon claim 32 , nickel claim 32 , aluminum and manganese.34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the electrochemical modifier comprises silicon.35. The method of claim 32 , wherein the carbon material comprises at least 10% by weight of the electrochemical modifier.36. The method of claim 32 , wherein the carbon material comprises at least 25% by weight of the electrochemical modifier.37. The method of claim 32 , further comprising activating the pyrolyzed polymer in an atmosphere comprising carbon dioxide claim 32 , carbon monoxide claim 32 , steam claim 32 , oxygen or combinations thereof.38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the activating is performed at a temperature ranging from 800 to 1300° C.39. A method for preparing a carbon material comprising an electrochemical modifier claim 37 , the method comprising:a. preparing a mixture by physically blending polymer precursors and the electrochemical modifier, wherein the mixture ...

POROUS CARBON HOLLOW SPHERES AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE

Methods for preparing porous carbon hollow spheres are disclosed. The method includes contacting one or more polymer hollow spheres with a SiOprecursor to form one or more SiO-containing polymer hollow spheres; carbonizing the one or more SiO-containing polymer hollow spheres to form one or more SiO-containing carbon hollow spheres; and removing SiOfrom the one or more SiO-containing carbon hollow spheres to form one or more porous carbon hollow spheres. The prepared porous carbon hollow spheres may be filled with liquid metal salts and treated at elevated temperatures to form filled porous carbon spheres. Methods of filling the porous carbon hollow spheres and compositions that include the filled porous carbon spheres are also disclosed. 1. A method for preparing one or more porous carbon hollow spheres , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'contacting one or more polymer hollow spheres with a SiOprecursor to form one or more SiO-containing polymer hollow spheres;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'carbonizing the one or more SiO-containing polymer hollow spheres to form one or more SiO-containing carbon hollow spheres; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'removing SiOfrom the one or more SiO-containing carbon hollow spheres to form one or more porous carbon hollow spheres.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymer hollow spheres comprise at least one polystyrene hollow sphere claim 1 , at least one polymethyl acrylate hollow sphere claim 1 , at least one polymethyl methacrylate hollow sphere claim 1 , at least one cross-linked polymer hollow sphere claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of the one or more polymer hollow spheres to the SiOprecursor is about 1:18 to about 1:1.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mass ratio of the one or more polymer hollow spheres to the SiOprecursor is about 1:4 to about 1:2.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the one or more polymer hollow spheres with the ...

SELECTIVE CONTROL OF OXIDATION ATMOSPHERES IN CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION

A method for making carbon fiber in which the tensile strength of carbon fiber is increased without dehumidifying the ambient air that enters every oxidation oven in a multiple oxidation oven system. A positive effect on tensile strength is provided when ambient air entering only the first oven in a series of oxidation ovens is dehumidified. In addition, the ambient air entering the last oven is not dehumidified when one or more of the preceding oxidation ovens is operated with dehumidified air. 1. A method for making carbon fiber from a precursor fiber wherein the precursor fiber is subjected to an oxidation treatment in a plurality of oxidation ovens to form an oxidized fiber , said oxidized fiber then being subjected to a carbonization treatment to form said carbon fiber , said plurality of oxidation ovens being surrounded by ambient air and wherein said oxidation treatment comprises the steps of:providing at least a first oxidation oven that defines a first oxidation zone having a first oxidation zone atmosphere comprising first oxidation air which enters said first oxidation zone via one or more first oxidation air entrances, said first oxidation zone atmosphere having a first oxidation atmosphere humidity and wherein the temperature or temperatures within said first oxidation zone fall within a first oxidation zone temperature range;passing said precursor fiber through said first oxidation zone to form a partially oxidized fiber;providing a final oxidation oven that defines a final oxidation zone having a final oxidation zone atmosphere comprising ambient air which enters said final oxidation zone via one or more ambient air entrances, said ambient air having an ambient air humidity wherein said first oxidation air comprises dehumidified ambient air such that said first oxidation atmosphere humidity is less than said ambient air humidity and wherein the temperature or temperatures within said final oxidation zone fall within a final oxidation zone temperature ...

CARBON FIBER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBER

Carbon fibers having a high tensile strength satisfy the relationship represented by formula (1) and one of the relationships represented by formulas (2) to (5): 3. (canceled)4. The carbon fibers according to claim 2 , wherein the fibers have an elongation of 1.4% or greater.5. The carbon fibers according to claim 4 , wherein the fibers have a tensile modulus TM of 230 or greater claim 4 , and a tensile strength of 4300 MPa or greater.6. The carbon fibers according to claim 5 , wherein the fibers have a tensile modulus TM of 300 or greater claim 5 , and a tensile strength of 5900 MPa or greater.7. A method for producing the carbon fibers according to claim 1 , the method comprising:carbonization using microwave magnetic field heating and/or plasma heating.8. The method for producing the carbon fibers according to claim 7 , wherein the microwave magnetic field heating uses a portion of a magnetic field distribution in which magnetic field energy is greater than electric field energy. The present invention relates to carbon fibers produced through a carbonization process.Carbon fibers are produced by heating (carbonizing) precursor fibers produced from, for example, polyacrylonitrile fibers, rayon fibers, cellulose fibers, or pitch fibers. Using precursor fibers produced from polyacrylonitrile fibers for example, carbon fibers are produced through an oxidization process for heating the precursor fibers in an oxygen atmosphere (inside an oxidization oven), and a carbonization process for heating the fibers resulting from the oxidization process (hereafter, oxidized fibers) in an inert atmosphere (inside a carbonization furnace). The fibers are heated while passing (being fed) through the oxidization oven and the carbonization furnace.The carbonization process involves heating with, for example, an electric heater. While the atmosphere inside the carbonization furnace is being heated with an electric heater, oxidized fibers pass through the furnace and are heated ...

Polyimide bead materials and methods of manufacture thereof

Nanoporous carbon-based scaffolds or structures, and specifically carbon aerogels and their manufacture and use thereof are provided. Embodiments include a silicon-doped anode material for a lithium-ion battery, where the anode material includes beads of a polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. The carbon aerogel may further include silicon particles and accommodates expansion of the silicon particles during lithiation. The anode material provides optimal properties for use within the lithium-ion battery.

Carbonaceous material for electrochemical device, negative electrode for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material for an electrochemical device, having an average particle size D50 of 30 μm or larger as measured by a laser scattering method, and a basic flowability energy BFE of 270 mJ to 1,100 mJ as measured using a powder flowability analyzer equipped with a measuring vessel of 50 mm in diameter and 160 mL in volume under the conditions of a blade tip speed of 100 mm/sec and a powder sample filling capacity of 120 mL and calculated by the following formula: BFE=T/(R tan α)+F (wherein, R=48 mm, α=5°, T represents a numerical value of the rotational torque measured by the analyzer, and F represents a numerical value of the normal stress measured by the analyzer).

BATTERY NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL

A negative electrode material applied to a lithium battery or a sodium battery is provided. The negative electrode material is composed of a first chemical element, a second chemical element and a third chemical element with an atomic ratio of x, 1-x, and 2, wherein 0 Подробнее

SHEET-SHAPED NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS CO-DOPED POROUS CARBON MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF

Provided is a sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material, prepared and obtained according to the following method: mixing aniline and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, undergoing a closed reaction for 2-24 h at a pressure of 1-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-260° C., then pressure is released to atmospheric pressure and steam drying is performed to obtain a solid substance; under inert gas protection, the obtained solid substance is treated for 1-6 h at a high temperature of 400-1000° C., and the finished product is obtained; the sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material thus provided has excellent electrical properties and may be used for fabricating capacitor electrodes and especially supercapacitor electrodes; thus it may be used in capacitors and especially supercapacitors, and has great application potential and industrial value in the field of energy storage. 1. A sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material , wherein prepared and obtained according to the following method:(1) mixing aniline and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, undergoing a closed reaction for 2-24 h at a pressure of 1-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-260° C., then pressure is released to atmospheric pressure and steam drying is performed to obtain a solid substance;the volume of the aniline is 3-300 mL/g by the mass of the hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene;(2) under inert gas protection, the obtained solid substance in step (1) is treated for 1-6 h at a high temperature of 400-1000° C., and the sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material is obtained.2. The sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the volume of the aniline in step (1) is 10-200 mL/g by the mass of the hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.3. The sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the reaction pressure in step (1) is 1-3 MPa.4. The sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co ...

METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SOLID CARBON MATERIALS

The present disclosure provides a method of producing a solid carbon material. The method comprises providing a carbon-containing material formed through the heat treatment of carbonaceous feedstock. The carbon-containing material is capable of undergoing polymerisation. The method further comprises mixing the carbon-containing material with a polymerisation agent to form a material mixture. In addition, the method comprises heating the material mixture to a temperature at which polymerisation of the material mixture occurs so as to produce the solid carbon material. The method also comprises adding a further material into the material mixture before polymerisation. 141-. (canceled)42. A method of producing a solid carbon material , the method comprising:mixing a polymerisation agent with a liquid or paste of a carbon-containing material that has been produced from the heat treatment of a carbonaceous feedstock and that is capable of undergoing polymerisation to form a material mixture; andheating the material mixture to a temperature at which polymerisation of the material mixture occurs so as to produce the solid carbon material.43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the carbon-containing material is formed through pyrolysis or hydrothermal treatment or liquefaction or other thermal treatment of the carbonaceous feedstock.44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock comprises biomass.45. The method of claim 42 , further comprising the step of mixing the carbon-containing material with a further material that has pores claim 42 , wherein at least some polymerisation of the material mixture takes place within the pores of the further material .46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the further material comprises an organic or inorganic additive to produce a solid carbon material composite.47. The method of claim 43 , further comprising the step of heating the produced solid carbon material to a temperature at which the solid carbon material is ...

PRODUCTS INCORPORATING CARBON NANOMATERIALS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene platelets, or other forms of graphene are incorporated into raw materials before products and product components are manufactured from the materials. For example, CNTs may be incorporated into metallic powders, which can be pressed and sintered into metallic products and product components. CNTs or graphene platelets can also be incorporated into plastics, ceramics, metals, or other materials used to construct products and product components by additive manufacturing. When incorporated into the products and product components, the CNTs or graphene platelets can improve various properties of the products and product components, such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, or structural properties. 1. A method comprising:mixing carbon nanomaterials into a liquid matrix or a matrix curable by a physical process to generate a graphene-based material; andmanufacturing a product or product component using the graphene-based material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanomaterials comprise carbon nanotubes claim 1 , graphene platelets claim 1 , one or more fullerenes claim 1 , or linear acetylenic carbon.3. The method of claim 2 , comprising mixing the carbon nanotubes into the matrix curable by the physical process.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the matrix comprises a metallic powder claim 3 , and wherein manufacturing the product or the product component using the graphene-based material comprises pressing and sintering the graphene-based material.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising aligning the carbon nanotubes before sintering.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the matrix comprises a metallic powder claim 3 , and wherein manufacturing the product or the product component using the graphene-based material comprises additive manufacturing.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the additive manufacturing comprises printing.8. The method of claim 2 , comprising incorporating the carbon nanotubes into the ...

Carbon Based Composite Material

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing sheets of a composite material comprising a graphene film arranged on an amorphous carbon substrate, the process comprising the steps of: a) providing a lignin source and an aqueous solution to form a composition, b) depositing the composition on a metal surface, c) heating the composition on the metal surface to form the composite material. 1. A process for producing a composite material comprising a graphene film arranged on an amorphous carbon substrate , the process comprising the steps ofa) providing a lignin source and an aqueous solution to form a compositionb) depositing the composition on a metal surfacec) heating the composition on the metal surface to form the composite material on the metal surface.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises a step d) removing the composite material from the metal surface to form flakes of the composite material.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step a) further comprises providing a poly(vinyl alcohol) and an alcohol to the composition.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.5. The process according the claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises claim 4 , by weight of the composition10-30 weight-% of the lignin source1-5 weight-% of poly(vinyl alcohol)45-65 weight-% of isopropanolthe balance comprising water.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin source is a particulate lignin source claim 1 , and wherein the step a) further comprises milling of the composition.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface is made of a metal selected from copper claim 1 , copper alloys claim 1 , aluminum and aluminum alloys.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface is a copper surface.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step c) further comprises heating the composition on the metal surface to a reaction temperature in the range ...

CONDUCTOR FILM, AND CONDUCTIVE FILM

Provided is a conductor film obtainable using a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid. The carbon nanotube dispersion liquid contains carbon nanotubes (A), a polymeric dispersant (B) including a sulfonic acid group-containing monomeric unit and an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit, and a solvent (C). Percentage content of the ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit in the polymeric dispersant (B) is greater than 20 mol % and no greater than 90 mol %. 1. A conductor film obtainable using a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid , the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid comprising:carbon nanotubes (A);a polymeric dispersant (B) including a sulfonic acid group-containing monomeric unit and an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit; anda solvent (C), whereinpercentage content of the ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit in the polymeric dispersant (B) is greater than 20 mol % and no greater than 90 mol %.2. The conductor film of havinga surface resistivity of no greater than 20 Ω/sq.3. A conductive film comprising:a substrate; anda conductor film on the substrate, wherein{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the conductor film is the conductor film of .'} This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/114,466 filed Jul. 27, 2016, which is a National Stage Application of PCT/JP2015/000401 filed Jan. 29, 2015, which claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-017778 filed Jan. 31, 2014. The disclosures of the prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, a conductor film, and a conductive film.Carbon nanotubes (hereinafter also referred to as “CNTs”) have been conventionally considered for various industrial applications due to having various excellent properties such as conductivity, thermal ...

Methods and systems for thermal energy recovery from production of solid carbon materials by reducing carbon oxides

A method of thermal energy recovery from production of at least one solid carbon material comprises reacting at least one carbon oxide material and at least one gaseous reducing material at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 400 ° C., at a pressure greater than or equal to about 1×10 5 pascal, and in the presence of at least one catalyst material to produce at least one solid carbon material and a gaseous effluent stream comprising water vapor. Thermal energy is extracted from the gaseous effluent stream comprising water vapor. Other methods of generating recoverable thermal energy are disclosed, as is a solid carbon production system having thermal energy recovery.

CARBON FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

By sequentially performing: a step (I) of dissolving fullerene Cin an organic solvent to prepare a fullerene solution; a step (II) of immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and a step (III) of extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution and drying the extracted carbon fiber, a carbon fiber on which fullerene Cadsorbs is obtained. 1. A carbon fiber on which fullerene Cadsorbs.2. The carbon fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the fullerene Cadsorbs by 0.001 parts by mass to 1 part by mass per 1000 parts by mass of the carbon fiber.3. A method of manufacturing a carbon fiber on which fullerene Cadsorbs claim 1 , the method comprising sequentially performing:{'sub': '70', 'dissolving fullerene Cin an organic solvent to prepare a fullerene solution;'}immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; andextracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution and drying the extracted carbon fiber.4. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a concentration of the fullerene Cin the solution is 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass.5. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the organic solvent is an aromatic hydrocarbon or an alkyl halide.6. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the material carbon fiber is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber.7. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a time of immersing the material carbon fiber is 5 seconds to 24 hours.8. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a temperature of the solution during immersion is 10° C. to 80° C. The present invention relates to a carbon fiber and a method of manufacturing the same.Non-patent Document 1 discloses immersing a carbon fiber in a toluene solution of fullerene Cand thereafter drying it to obtain a carbon fiber with fullerene Cattached to the surface.Patent Document 1 discloses ...

CARBON FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

A carbon fiber is obtained by sequentially performing: a step (I) of dissolving a fullerene mixture including fullerenes Cand Cin an organic solvent to prepare a fullerene solution; a step (II) of immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and a step (III) of extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution and drying the extracted carbon fiber. 1. A carbon fiber on which fullerenes Cand Cadsorb.2. The carbon fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the fullerenes Cand Cadsorb claim 1 , as a total amount claim 1 , by 0.001 parts by mass to 1 part by mass per 1000 parts by mass of the carbon fiber.3. A method of manufacturing a carbon fiber on which fullerenes Cand Cadsorb claim 1 , the method comprising sequentially performing:{'sub': 60', '70, 'dissolving a fullerene mixture including fullerenes Cand Cin an organic solvent to prepare a fullerene solution;'}immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; andextracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution and drying the extracted carbon fiber.4. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the fullerene mixture is a mixture containing 50% by mass to 90% by mass of Cand 10% by mass to 50% by mass of C.5. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a total concentration of the fullerenes Cand Cin the fullerene solution is 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass.6. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the organic solvent is an alkyl halide.7. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the material carbon fiber is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber.8. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , a time of immersing the material carbon fiber is 5 seconds to 24 hours.9. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3 , wherein a temperature of the solution during immersion is 10° C. to 60° C. The present ...

CORE-SHELL NICKEL FERRITE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, NICKEL FERRITE@C MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present disclosure provides core-shell nickel ferrite, a nickel ferrite@C material and preparation methods and application thereof. The preparation method of the core-shell nickel ferrite includes: preparing nickel iron glycerate ball powder by a solvothermal method; and under an air condition, heating the nickel iron glycerate ball powder at a heating rate of lower than 1.5° C./min to not less than 350° C. for performing calcination to obtain the core-shell nickel ferrite. The preparation method of the nickel ferrite@C material includes: performing a phenolic resin condensation reaction on the core-shell nickel ferrite, resorcinol and formaldehyde to obtain a phenolic resin (RF) coated core-shell nickel ferrite@RF composite material; and in an inert atmosphere, calcining and carbonizing the nickel ferrite@RF composite material to obtain the nickel ferrite@C material. 1. A core-shell nickel ferrite , wherein a core diameter is 425-450 nm , a shell thickness is 25-30 nm , and a core-shell spacing is 25-30 nm.2. The core-shell nickel ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the core diameter is 435-445 nm claim 1 , the shell thickness is 25-27 nm claim 1 , and the core-shell spacing is 25-27 nm.3. A preparation method of core-shell nickel ferrite claim 1 , comprising: using a nickel salt claim 1 , an iron salt and a glycerin as raw materials claim 1 , preparing a nickel iron glycerate ball powder by a solvothermal method; and under an air condition claim 1 , heating the nickel iron glycerate ball powder at a heating rate of lower than 1.5° C./min to not less than 350° C. for performing calcination to obtain the core-shell nickel ferrite.4. The preparation method of the core-shell nickel ferrite of claim 3 , wherein in the nickel salt and the iron salt claim 3 , a molar ratio of nickel ions to iron ions is 1:(1.9-2.1);or, a solvent of a solvothermal reaction system is isopropanol;or, a reaction temperature of the solvothermal method is 150-200° C., and a reaction time is 4-8 h ...

REACTION DEVICE AND FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

This reaction device is provided with: a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied; a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied; a hydrogen permeable membrane that partitions the first flow path from the second flow path, and that allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path side; a catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and that accelerates an oxidation reaction between the oxygen and the hydrogen that has permeated through the hydrogen permeable membrane, wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconate membrane. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied;a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied;a hydrogen permeable membrane that separates the first flow path and the second flow path and allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path; anda catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and promotes an oxidation reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane,wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconium oxide membrane.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the barium zirconium oxide membrane is a membrane obtained by doping barium zirconium oxide with at least one metal oxide containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y) claim 1 , ytterbium (Yb) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , strontium (Sr) claim 1 , scandium (Sc) claim 1 , gadolinium (Gd) claim 1 , and indium (In).3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein a molar ratio (barium zirconium oxide/metal constituting metal oxide) of the barium zirconium oxide to the metal constituting the metal oxide in the barium zirconium oxide membrane is from 70/30 to 90/10.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the barium ...

SULFUR-CARBON COMPOSITE, NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY INCLUDING ELECTRODE CONTAINING SULFUR-CARBON COMPOSITE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SULFUR-CARBON COMPOSITE

Provided are a sulfur-carbon composite having a high discharge capacity per mass and a high sulfur utilization rate, and a nonaqueous electrolyte battery including an electrode containing the sulfur-carbon composite. In the sulfur-carbon composite, a mass loss ratio X at 500° C. in thermal mass analysis and a mass ratio Y of sulfur/(sulfur+carbon) in an observation visual field at a magnification of 1000 in SEM-EDS quantitative analysis satisfy the relationship of |X/Y−1|≤0.12, and porous carbon has a mean pore diameter of 1 to 6 nm, and a specific surface area of 2000 mgor more and 3000 mor less. 19-. (canceled)11. The sulfur-carbon composite according to claim 10 , the porous carbon has a specific surface area of 2000 mgor more and 3000 mgor less.12. The sulfur-carbon composite according to claim 10 , wherein the content of sulfur in the sulfur-carbon composite is 50% by mass or more.13. An electrode comprising the sulfur-carbon composite according to .14. The electrode according to claim 13 , further comprising polyethyleneimine.15. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising the electrode according to .16. A method for producing a sulfur-carbon composite claim 13 ,the method comprising a step of heating, in a closed container, a mixture obtained by mixing sulfur with porous carbon to form a sulfur-carbon composite,the heating step including:a first step of heating the mixture for 5 hours or more at a temperature at which sulfur is melted; anda second step of heating the mixture at a temperature at which sulfur is vaporized, after the first step,wherein the porous carbon has a mean pore diameter of 1 to 6 nm.17. A method for producing a sulfur-carbon composite claim 13 ,the method comprising a step of heating, in a closed container, a mixture obtained by mixing sulfur with porous carbon to form a sulfur-carbon composite,the heating step including heating the mixture at a temperature rise rate of 0.5° C./minute or less to a temperature at which sulfur is melted, ...

CARBON MATERIAL, CARBON MATERIAL-ACTIVE MATERIAL COMPOSITE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY

Provided is a carbonaceous material capable of enhancing the initial charge and discharge efficiency and the cycle characteristics of lithium ion secondary batteries. The carbonaceous material is used as an electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery and has a volume resistivity of 0.7 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 13 MPa in the form of a mixture of 5 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 95 wt % of lithium cobaltate. 1. A carbonaceous material used as an electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery , having a volume resistivity of 0.7 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 13 MPa in the form of a mixture of 5 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 95 wt % of lithium cobaltate.2. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , having a volume resistivity of 0.5 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 13 MPa in the form of a mixture of 5 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 95 wt % of lithium cobaltate.3. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , having a volume resistivity of 0.4 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 38 MPa in the form of a mixture of 5 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 95 wt % of lithium cobaltate.4. The carbonaceous material according claim 1 , having a volume resistivity of 0.04 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 38 MPa in the form of a mixture of 3 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 97 wt % of lithium cobaltate.5. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , having a volume resistivity of 0.1 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 38 MPa in the form of a mixture of 2 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 98 wt % of lithium cobaltate.6. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , having a volume resistivity of 5.5 Ω·cm or less as measured at a pressure of 38 MPa in the form of a mixture of 1 wt % of the carbonaceous material and 99 wt % of lithium cobaltate.7. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , having a DIG ratio of 0.5 or less when a peak intensity ratio ...

Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates

Biomass combustion processes may be controlled to intentionally generate a carbon-containing ash, from which activated carbon is produced according to the methods disclosed. Some variations provide an economically attractive process for producing an activated carbon product, the process comprising combusting a carbon-containing feedstock to generate energy, combustion products, and ash, wherein the ash contains at least 10 wt % carbon; separating and recovering carbon contained in said ash; and further activating or treating the separated carbon, to generate an activated carbon product. Many process variations are disclosed, and uses for the activated carbon product are disclosed.