СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОХЛАЖДАЮЩЕГО БАССЕЙНА И ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СОЛИ В ОПЕРАЦИИ ДОБЫЧИ РАСТВОРЕНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к системам охлаждения бассейнов для извлечения соли из раствора соли, более конкретно к регулированию глубины охлаждающего бассейна и помещению одного или нескольких затопленных водосливов. Включение одного или нескольких затопленных водосливов в существующую систему охлаждающих бассейнов может уменьшать температуру выходящего потока на 1-5°F по сравнению с такой же системой охлаждающих бассейнов без каких-либо затопленных водосливов. В качестве дополнения или в качестве альтернативы глубина бассейна может регулироваться для улучшения перемешивания потока и конвекционного охлаждения. Когда температура уменьшается во всей системе охлаждающих бассейнов, содержащие калий соли в большем количестве осаждаются из концентрированного соляного раствора, приводя к увеличению производства или извлечения в пределах той же области охлаждения. Изобретение обеспечивает улучшение охлаждающей способности в системе охлаждающих бассейнов с использованием одного или нескольких затопленных ...

КОНСЕРВАНТ, НЕ СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ БИОЦИД

Изобретение относится к применению противомикробной композиции. Применение противомикробной композиции, состоящей из ZnO, MgCO3, Li2CO3 и/или Na2CO3 для защиты базовой краски от микроорганизмов. Изобретение позволяет получить противомикробную композицию. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл., 9 пр.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КАРБОНАТА НАТРИЯ

Настоящее изобретение раскрывает способ производства кристаллов карбоната натрия, включающий добавление твердого карбоната натрия к водному раствору, содержащему бикарбонат натрия и карбонат натрия; кристаллизацию и отделение кристаллов сесквикарбоната натрия; кристаллизацию кристаллов карбоната натрия, причем количество добавленного карбоната натрия регулируют таким образом, что растворимость сесквикарбоната была превышена, и таким образом кристаллизация кристаллов сесквикарбоната можно проводить без предварительного выпаривания водной суспензии. Количество карбоната натрия, добавленного к водному раствору, является таким, что содержание карбоната натрия в полученной водной суспензии составляет от 31 до 37 мас.%, предпочтительно от 33 до 36 мас.%. Способ позволяет получать карбонат натрия из руды, содержащей сесквикарбонат натрия, без упаривания водного раствора, из которого кристаллизуют сесквикарбонат натрия. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

СПОСОБ МАГНИТНОЙ СЕПАРАЦИИ ДЛЯ ТРОНЫ

... 1. Способ обогащения троны, включающий подачу входного потока, содержащего трону; измельчение троны; сушку троны; разделение высушенной троны на первую фракцию и вторую фракцию, где первая фракция имеет номинальный размер ячейки сита для частиц больший, чем номинальный размер ячейки сита для частиц второй фракции; введение первой фракции троны в, по меньшей мере, один магнитный сепаратор для удаления магнитных примесей и создания обогащенного продукта троны; и объединение второй фракции троны с обогащенным продуктом троны.2. Способ по п.1, в котором измельчение троны включает измельчение троны до размера частиц, меньшего, примерно, чем 11 меш.3. Способ по п.1, в котором фракция с первыми размерами частиц имеет размер, больший, примерно, чем 40 меш, а фракция со вторыми размерами частиц имеет размер, меньший, примерно, чем 40 меш.4. Способ по п.1, в котором стадия разделения дополнительно включает выбор номинального размера ячейки сита, так что вторая фракция троны имеет уровень примесей ...

ПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ, ИМЕЮЩИЕ КОНФИГУРАЦИЮ "ЯДРО-ОБОЛОЧКА" И ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ МЕЖФАЗНУЮ ОБЛАСТЬ

... 1. Полимерная наночастица, содержащая ! ядро, содержащее, по меньшей мере, один заполимеризованный мономер ядра; ! оболочку, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один заполимеризованный мономер оболочки, отличный от, по меньшей мере, одного заполимеризованного мономера ядра; и, ! по меньшей мере, одну межфазную область, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один заполимеризованный мономер, выбираемый из заполимеризованного мономера ядра и заполимеризованного мономера оболочки, ! где ядро сшивают при помощи, по меньшей мере, одного сшивающего агента, и где, по меньшей мере, одна межфазная область разделяет и соединяет ядро и оболочку. ! 2. Полимерная наночастица по п.1, где, по меньшей мере, одним заполимеризованным мономером ядра является алкенилбензольный мономер. ! 3. Полимерная наночастица по п.2, где алкенилбензольным мономером является стирол. ! 4. Полимерная наночастица по п.1, где, по меньшей мере, одним заполимеризованным мономером оболочки является сопряженный диеновый мономер. ! 5. Полимерная ...

СЕЛЕКТИВНОЕ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕ СОЛЕЙ ИЗ СМЕШАННОГО СОЛЕВОГО РАССОЛА

... 1. Способ извлечения хлорида натрия и декагидрата карбоната натрия из концентрированного рассола, содержащего хлорид натрия и карбонат натрия, где концентрированный рассол образуется из добываемой воды, отделенной от газа в способе извлечения газа, и сконцентрирован в способе предварительного концентрирования, причем способ включает:направление концентрированного рассола в испарительный кристаллизатор и нагревание рассола до температуры 50°C или выше и дальнейшее концентрирование рассола и получение кристаллов хлорида натрия;отделение кристаллов хлорида натрия от рассола;направление концентрированного рассола в охладительный кристаллизатор и воздействие на рассол температуры 30°C или ниже и дальнейшее концентрирование рассола и получение кристаллов декагидрата карбоната натрия; иотделение кристаллов декагидрата карбоната натрия от рассола.2. Способ по п. 1, где испарительный кристаллизатор и охладительный кристаллизатор расположены последовательно и способ включает:первоначальное направление ...

СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОХЛАЖДАЮЩЕГО БАССЕЙНА И ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СОЛИ ОПЕРАЦИИ ДОБЫЧИ РАСТВОРЕНИЕМ

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОТАША

Изобретение относится к выделению карбонатов щелочных металлов из реакционной смеси, а именно к способу и устройству для выделения поташа. Способ включает стадии отделения твердого вещества из водной суспензии поташа посредством центрифугирования, смешивания центрифугата с веществом, получаемым при последующей кальцинации поташа, и последующего отделения поташа в виде гидрата и/или в кальцинированном виде, при этом в качестве вещества, получаемого при последующей кальцинации поташа, используют образующуюся при кальцинации пыль. Устройство содержит центрифугу, подключенный к ней смеситель, подключенный к смесителю кальцинатор, соединенный с охлаждающим устройством и классификатором, и подключенную к смесителю сушилку, которая может быть соединена с классификатором, при этом смеситель снабжен трубопроводом для рециркуляции пыли из кальцинатора.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЧАСТИЦ БИКАРБОНАТА ЩЕЛОЧНОГО МЕТАЛЛА

СПОСОБ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЧАСТИЦ ГИДРОКАРБОНАТА НАТРИЯ

... 1. Способ для приготовления частиц гидрокарбоната натрия, включающий следующие стадии:- (а) добавление по меньшей мере одного карбоната щелочного металла в водный раствор для образования водного состава; при этом карбонат щелочного металла содержит карбонат натрия, а водный состав содержит по меньшей мере одну поликарбоновую кислоту и/или ее соли, в количестве по меньшей мере 200 ч/млн в пересчете на массу водного состава; и- (б) сепарацию первичного гидрокарбоната натрия из водного состава для получения, с одной стороны, частиц гидрокарбоната натрия, а с другой стороны - водного маточного раствора.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором стадия (б) включает в себя стадию контакта водного состава с газом, содержащим диоксид углерода.3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором водный состав для стадии (а) содержит карбонат натрия и гидрокарбонат натрия, и в котором массовое отношение карбоната натрия к гидрокарбонату натрия больше 1,0.4. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором по меньшей мере одна поликарбоновая кислота ...

Способ переработки хлорида натрия

Катализатор для проведения окислительно-восстановительных реакций

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung und Verwertung von Kohlendioxid, das bei der biologischen Reinigung von Abwässern anfällt

Verfahren zur Darstellung von Ammonsalzen unter gleichzeitiger Gewinnung von Kaliumcarbonat

Sodium hydrogen carbonate and hydrogen chloride prodn. - from sodium chloride and carbon di:oxide using tert. amine and polar and apolar solvents

In the prodn. of NaHCO3 and HCl by reacting aq. NaCl soln. (I) with CO2 in the presence of an amine and an organic solvent, CO2 is passed into a mixt. of (I), a tert. amine (II) and a polar organic solvent (III). The phases are sepd. and the aq. phase, freed from pptd. NaHCO3 and conc. with NaCl, is recycled to the first stage. The organic phase is freed from (III) and opt. water as far as possible and/or necessary and the residue contg. an apolar solvent (IV) is heated and the HCl removed. (IV) can also be added in the first stage. The residue from the last stage is freed from decompsn. prods. or deactivated before recirculation. (III) is removed from the organic phase by extn. with water or an aq. salt soln. (at 0-50, pref. 5-30 deg.C) and re-extd. with the residue from the last stage (at 30-250, pref. 50-150 deg.C), giving a mixt. of (II), (III) and (IV), which is recycled. NaHCO3 and HCl are obtd. economically and without environmental pollution and the conditions used are milder and ...

HERSTELLUNG VON ALKALIMETALLCARBONATEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NATRIUMBICARBONAT

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CHLOR UND NATRIUMCARBONATDEKAHYDRAT

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kaliumcarbonat aus Chlorkalium

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Kaliumcarbonat aus Schlempe

Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ionen aus Fluessigkeiten

Ammoniak-Sodaverfahren

Heavy soda prodn - by spraying sodium hydroxide soln onto a gaseous carbon dioxide layer

Granular 'heavy' soda of bulk density >=1.4 kg./l. suitable as a non-dusty, easily handled substitute for 'light' soda (bulk density 1.0 kg./l) in many industrial processes, is made by spraying 50-70% NaOH soln. at >110 degrees C onto a gaseous CO2 layer, esp. of waste gases ctg. CO2, on a granulating plate. The granulated prod. runs, under gravity, over the edge of the granulating plate into a storage vessel.

Process for recovery of the inorganic constituents of molasses stillage

Alkali metal salts are recovered from molasses stillage which may be previously concentrated to 8-12 per cent of its original volume by injecting it in an atomised condition by means of air or steam into a preheated combustion chamber and combusting it p with excess air such that the particles of stillage are kept in suspension until combustion is complete. Preferably the stillage is emulsified with 2-10 per cent of fuel oil prior to atomisation to assist combustion. The combustion chamber, which may be that of a steam boiler may be preheated by injection of oil alone and an auxiliary burner not burning stillage may be employed to assist combustion, but if desired the furnace temperature may be kept low so that the ash residue does not melt but is removed as a solid which may be employed directly as a fertiliser or used as raw material for the production of purer potassium compounds.ALSO:A fertilizer containing for example 30-35 per cent potassium and 5-10 per cent sodium is obtained by ...

Cyclic process for production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride

In a cyclic two-stage process for producing sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride by circulating liquor containing sodium, ammonium, chloride, hydroxide and bicarbonate ions between a sodium bicarbonate producing stage and an ammonium chloride producing stage, carbon dioxide is added to ammoniated salt-containing liquor in the sodium bicarbonate producing stage in an amount such that after precipitation of sodium bicarbonate the liquor recovered has a ratio of bicarbonate ion to the sum of bicarbonate and hydroxide ions of 0.60 to 0.80, preferably 0.62 to 0.67, controlling the temperature of the liquor at 28 to 60 DEG C., preferably 40 to 60 DEG C., while separating crystallized sodium bicarbonate, adding 45 to 55 per cent., preferably 50 per cent., of the molar requirement of make-up water for a complete cycle to the liquor which is recovered, adding 45 to 55 per cent., preferably 50 per cent., of the molar requirement of ammonia to the circulating liquor in the ammonium chloride producing ...

PURIFICATION OF ALKALI CARBONATE CONTAINING A FLUORINE COMPOUND

... 1459080 Purification of alkali carbonates TOYO SODA MFG CO Ltd 31 July 1975 [16 Nov 1974] 32108/75 Heading C1A Crude alkali carbonates, which term includes bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates and mixtures thereof, containing a fluorine compound as impurity are purified by dissolving the carbonate in an aqueous solution of magnesium bicarbonate and removing the resulting flocculated precipitate. Natural soda, containing from 0À01 to 10 wt. per cent F, is a typical raw material which may be treated preferably in a solution from 5 wt. per cent to saturation of the alkali carbonate. The Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 which may be prepared by feeding CO 2 through an aqueous suspension of MgO, MgCO 3 or Mg(OH) 2 may be used in concentration from 0À05 to 5 wt. per cent Mg based on the total solution weight after addition. The aqueous solution of alkali carbonate separated from the precipitate may be heated with or without the addition of an alkaline material to convert any remaining Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 to a water insoluble ...

Improvements in rotary furnaces for soda recovery plants

... 342,545. Soda recovery furnaces. HOLMES, J., Traisenau, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire, and KINGCOME, A., 17, Doune Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow. Feb. 12, 1930, No. 4705. [Class 51 (ii).] In a rotary furnace A for soda recovery operating on spent liquor from paper &c. making, air seals C, D are provided between the ends of the furnace and the stationary furnace structure, and preheated air is supplied to the furnace through a steel casing E at the front of the furnace, and is deflected by a deflector F at the entrance. Initial heating is by an oil burner G. The liquor is fed into the front of the furnace by a pipe H, and the soda ash discharged at the rear end into a secondary furnace L, whence it is discharged in a molten condition into a tank. A scraper J is provided in the rotary furnace. The furnace gases pass by a passage M to a waste heat boiler.

Sodium bicarbonate product

Fire suppressant powder

Powder has particle size less than 5 ~m and is made by chemical reaction between a gas or vapour of a first material and a vapour or an aerosol of a second material. For example an aerosol of sodium hydroxide droplets may be reacted with carbon dioxide gas to produce sodium bicarbonate powder; or boron halide vapour may be reacted with steam to form boric acid powder. The powder is used fire extinguishers either on its own, or combined with other ingredients such as silica and/or alumina, and calcium stearate.

METHOD OF PRODUCING SODIUM CARBONATE

... 1,207,239. Sodium carbonate and bicarbonate. CHEMISCHE FABRIK KALK G.m.b.H. 25 July, 1968 [29 Aug., 1967], No. 35605/68. Heading C1A. Sodium bicarbonate is produced by adding to a mother liquor which remains from a sodium hydroxide solution obtained from alkali chloride electrolysis, after reacting with CO 2 and removing NaHCO 3 precipitated, (a) ammoniabearing vapours resulting from the ammonia regeneration step of the ammonia-soda process, and (b) solid rock salt, until saturation with ammonia and rock salt is achieved, so that the solution contains about 145 g. of Na 2 O per litre, and carbonating with CO 2 to precipitate sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be calcined to give sodium carbonate.

Process of removing alkali chlorides from crude potassium carbonate solutions

... 327,938. I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.- Ges. Oct. 16, 1928, [Convention date]. Potassium carbonate is freed from alkali chloride, by passing ammonia into crude potassium carbonate liquor, preferably to saturation point. Two layers separate, most of the alkali chloride going into the upper one, the lower one giving practically pure potassium carbonate on evaporation.

An improved process for the production of potassium carbonate

... 300,629. Kali-Industrie Akt.-Ges., Thorssell, C. T., and Kristensson, A. Nov. 18, 1927, [Convention date]. Potassium carbonate and bicarbonate; ammonium carbamate.-Potassium carbamate is prepared by reaction between a potassium salt such as the chloride and ammonium carbamate in presence of liquid ammonia. Potassium carbamate remains as a solid while ammonia chloride goes into solution. Ammonium carbamate is prepared by passing carbon dioxide through aqueous ammonia and cooling the solution to separate the salt, or by passing carbon dioxide into liquid ammonia. Alternatively liquid ammonia to which ammonium carbonate has been added may be used. The potassium carbonate obtained is washed with liquid ammonia to separate excess of ammonium carbonate and is heated with a little water to separate ammonia or ammonia and carbon dioxide and leave potassium carbonate or bicarbonate. The ammonium chloride solution is distilled to separate ammonia, and the residue heated to decompose ammonium carbamate ...

Improved process for working up mineral sodium carbonate

Pure soda ash, caustic soda lye and carbonic acid suitable for liquefaction are produced from mineral sodium carbonate such as natron or trona. The mineral is heated with a metallic oxide such as ferric oxide adapted to remove carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide evolved is led into a concentrated solution of another portion of the mineral. The bicarbonate which is precipitated is dried by waste heat and calcined to give soda ash and carbon dioxide. Metallic oxide for re-use and caustic soda lye are obtained by lixiviation of the mass resulting from the heat treatment.

Improvements in and relating to the production of sodium bicarbonate

In the ammonia-soda process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are employed under pressure, preferably in the liquid condition, and the low temperature produced by their expansion is utilized to cool the reaction liquors. The heat absorbed by the expansion of ammonia and that absorbed by the expansion of the carbon-dioxide are utilized in the absorbing and carbonating towers respectively. After passing through the expansion valves and cooling coils, the carbon dioxide is advantageously diluted to the extent of 40-45 per cent, with nitrogen in order to moderate the reaction. The nitrogen is supplied under pressure and preferably in "pulses," and is collected for re-use after passage through the carbonating-towers. Specification 131,870 is referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) states also that the carbon dioxide may be used to cool the absorbers. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.

Production of sodium carbonate

The pouring (bulk) density of light Na2CO3, obtained from the ammonia-soda process, is increased from about 0.5 gm./cc. by absorbing aqueous NaOH in and on the particles followed by carbonation with a CO2 bearing as (e.g. flue gas). The density increase is greater than that theoretically calculated and by absorbing and carbonating 5% by weight NaOH, a density of 0.72 to 0.74 is obtained. Above 5% NaOH the density increase is less rapid but still greater than theoretical. The NaOH solution may be 45 to 50% by weight. Carbonation may take place at 100 DEG to 150 DEG C. and excess of CO2 of 10 to 30% above theoretical may be employed.

Production of sodium bicarbonate

A process for the production of NaHCO3 and NH4Cl by reaction of NH3 and CO2 in a mother liquor containing NaCl comprises adding all the required NH3 to the liquor but only sufficient CO2 to saturate the liquor, at not more than 60 DEG C., with NaHCO3; introducing the liquor to a second stage at not more than 35 DEG C. and adding the rest of the CO2, precipitating and separating the NaHCO3 without cooling, dissolving fresh NaCl in the liquor, cooling to precipitate NH4Cl, separating and recycling the liquor to the first stage. The process of the invention reduces encrustation of NaHCO3 on the apparatus.

MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA &C PRODUCTS

An improved process for the production of alkali carbonates

In carrying out the process of the parent Specification, crude sylvinitic salts are used as the source of potassium chloride, whereby a mixture of potassium and sodium carbamates is obtained, which is then worked up in the manner described in the parent Specification, to obtain the corresponding bicarbonates or carbonates, which are separated by known methods.

Process for Electro-Chemical Production of Chlorine and Simultaneous Production of Soda or Sodium Bicarbonate from aqueous solutions containing NaCl

... 1,180,448. Electrolytic production of chlorine and soda. VEREINIGUNG VOLKSEIGENER BETRIEBE ELEKTROCHEMIE UND PLASTE. March 9, 1967, No.11240/67. Heading C7B. Chlorine is simultaneously produced with soda or NaHC0 3 from solutions containing NaC1 in an electrolyzer cell wherein a saturated NaC1 solution as anolyte is separated by a continuous diaphragm, e. g. of asbestos or ionic exchange membrane, from a catholyte solution saturated with NaHCO 3 , with or without NaC1. The throughput speed is controlled so that the solution leaves the anode chamber with a content of 250-280 g NaC1/1. After electrolysis the anolyte is resaturated with solid NaCI and recycled. The catholyte is electrolyzed in such a way that the NaHCO 3 in the solution is converted into Na 2 C0 3 . After electrolysis the solution is saturated outside the cell with C0 2 and, after removing the separated solid NaHCO 3 , the mother liquor is subjected, optionally after saturation with NaC1, to further electrolysis. Alternatively ...

PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE AND SODA ASH

... 1364210 Magnesium chloride and sodium bicarbonate RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF NOVA-SCOTIA 27 Nov 1972 [16 Feb 1972] 54627/72 Heading C1A Magnesium chloride and sodium bicarbonate are produced by (a) reacting an aqueous magnesium hydroxide slurry with carbon dioxide in a first carbonation stage so as to produce an aqueous magnesium carbonate slurry and (b) reacting said mangesium carbonate slurry with carbon dioxide and a concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution in a second carbonation stage at a temperature below 30‹ C. and at an elevated carbon dioxide pressure (e.g. 25 to 200 p.s.i.) so as to produce a solid phase comprising sodium bicarbonate and a liquid phase comprising magnesium chloride and unreacted sodium chloride. The magnesium hydroxide slurry may be produced in situ by reacting magnesium oxide with water and the sodium bicarbonate produced may be separated, dried and calcined to produce sodium carbonate and the CO2 produced recycled to the second carbonation stage. The liquid ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ALKALI METAL CARBONATE SOLUTION FROM AN ALKALI METAL LIQUOR

... 1,218,821. Alkali metal carbonates. DYNAMIT NOBEL A.G. 26 Jan., 1968 [28 Jan., 1967], No. 4337/68. Heading C1A. Alkali metal carbonate is produced from alkali metal liquors containing alkali metal hydroxide, where the desired concentration of carbonate is greater than that of the hydroxide, by introducing the following to a cation exchange material in an ion exchanger: (i) the alkali metal liquor, whereby at least some of the alkali metal ions are adsorbed on the exchange material; (ii) successive fractions, of increasing concentration, of a first alkali metal carbonate solution; (iii) successive fractions of a second solution comprising alkali metal carbonate (in decreasing concentration) and bicarbonate (increasing concentration), the total concentration of carbonate and bicarbonate in each fraction being not less than that of the desired carbonate; (iv) fraction(s) of a third alkali metal bicarbonate, of total concentration below that of the product but of greater (at least double) bicarbonate ...

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate crystals, comparable in size and quality to those normally obtained in the operation of ammonia-soda process, are obtained by carbonating sodium chloride brine, which is free from ammonia, with a stoichiometrically equivalent amount of carbon dioxide at elevated temperature and under pressure in the presence of an amine, which is a base at least as strong as ammonia, having a boiling-point at atmospheric pressure of 100-360 DEG C. and having a formula NR1R2R3 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, alkyl radicals containing from 2-6 C. atoms, alkanol radicals containing from 2-4 C atoms, or primary amino-alkyl radicals containing from 2-4 C atoms and wherein no more than two of R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen. Amines may be mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamine, n-amylamine, 2-ethyl butylamine, or ethylene diamine. Brine is charged into a pressure vessel and the amine is added. CO2 or a gas containing CO2, e.g. flue gas, is supplied to apply a CO2 pressure 20-60 p.s.i., preferably 40 ...

Improvements in or relating to the production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride

Modification of the process claimed in Claim 1 of Specification 722,234 wherein the amount of water added in the two stages of the split addition is not specifically limited, except that the combined amount is in excess of the stoichiometric requirement for a complete cycle, the volume of circulating liquor being maintained constant by bleeding off the excess produced from any suitable point in the cycle, e.g. after the ammonium chloride- or sodium bicarbonate-producing stage, and feeding it to a conventional non-cyclic ammoniasoda process at the ammoniation, carbonation or ammonia-recovery step. An excess of water of about 5-15 per cent may be employed, 45-55 per cent of the total water to be added is preferably added in each stage. The water to be added at each stage is preferably employed to wash the crude precipitates obtained at the respective stage.

Sodium bicarbonate production

Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process for the production of sodium hydroxide

Process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate.

Process for desalination of seawater and removal of CO2 in exhaust.

The invention relates to desalination of seawater and of brackish water and removal of harmful CO2 gas in exhaust from combustion apparatuses. The exhaust, rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) is diverted to a process chamber, where seawater, after being mixed with ammonia, as a catalyst to weaken the salt molecules, is pumped into the chamber and dispersed at many points near the top as a fine spray, exposing the salt to the CO2 gas there. The internal bonds of the salt molecules (NaC1) are weakened by the ammonia in the water attaching and pulling on their C1 atom. The CO2 in the chamber is attaching and pulling on the Na atom of the salt molecules and further reduces the bond, breaking them apart. Two heavy solids are formed and are removed in a clarifier below. Desalinated seawater in large quantities per ton of salt, over flows from the clarifier, for use in communities and for agriculture. Therewith is also harmful CO2 in the exhaust removed, before being discharged from the process chamber ...

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION AND RECOVERY OF POTASH

Process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate.

Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process for the production of sodium hydroxide

Interconnected system and method for the purification and recovery of potash

Process of extraction of arsenic starting from solutions containing of carbonates, sulphates, possibly of the alkaline hydroxide, like one at least of metals vanadium, uranium and molubdene.

Process of treatment of the solutions of laterite washing.

Process of purification of solutions containing of carbonate, sulphates, possibly sodium hydroxide or potassium, like one at least of metals, vanadium, uranium, modybdene

Process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate.

Interconnected system and method for the purification and recovery of potash

Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process for the production of sodium hydroxide

Interconnected system and method for the purification and recovery of potash

Process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG AKTIVEN NATRIUMKARBONATS

VERFAHREN ZUR WIEDERGEWINNUNG VON AMMONIAK AUS FLUSSIGKEIT VON FILTERN VON AMMONIAKSODAFABRIKEN

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CHLOR UND NATRIUMCARBONAT

VERFAHREN ZUR GEWINNUNG VON KALIUMKARBONAT AUS ASCHE

PROCEDURE FOR THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS OF BIVALENT ANIONS FROM SALINE SOLUTION

VERFAHREN ZUR RÜCKGEWINNUNG DER CHEMIKALIEN DER KOCHLAUGE

VERFAHREN ZUR WIEDERGEWINNUNG VON METHIONIN UND KALIUM AUS DEN IM KREISLAUF GEFUHRTEN LOSUNGEN DER METHIONINSYNTHESE

VERFAHREN ZUR ERLANGUNG EINER ORGANISCHEN, WASSERUNLOESLICHEN STICKSTOFFBASE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DITHIONITE AND ITS USE

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE AND NATRIUMCARBONAT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NATRIUMCARBONAT MONO HYDRATE CRYSTALS

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE

PROCEDURE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF AN ORGANIC, WATER-INSOLUBLE NITROGEN BASE

PROCEDURES FOR THE SEPARATION FROM ALKALI METAL BICARBONATE PARTICLE FROM A TO OF YOUR SURFACE ADSORBED LIQUID LAYER OF CHLORHYDRAT OF A AZOTIERTEN ORGANIC BASE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALKALI METAL BICARBONATE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN AQUEOUS SODIUM CHLORID SOLUTION AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE RECOVERY OF AN ORGANIC LOESUNG OF AN WATER-INSOLUBLE ORGANIC BASE, ON THE BASIS OF AN ORGANIC LOESUNG OF ITS CHLORHYDRATS, AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALKALI METAL BICARBONAT.

HEAT CONTROL DEVICE

Procedure and plant for the production of sodium carbonate mono hydrate from a caustic soda solution formed in the diaphragm procedure

COMPOSITION AT LEAST NATRIUMBICARBONAT CONTAINS, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USES

SODIUM PERCARBONATE PARTICLE WITH MORE IMPROVE LAGERSTABILIT T

PROCEDURES FOR THE RECOVERY OF METHIONIN AND POTASSIUM FROM IN THE CYCLE GEFUHRTEN PASSWORDS THE METHIONINSYNTHESE

Procedure for the production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonia.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WATER-FREE NATRIUMCARBONAT

PROCEDURE FOR THE DEMINERALIZATION OF SEA WATER

LARGE KALIUMBICARBONATKRISTALLE AND PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR THE OXIDATION OF AT LEAST ONE ALKALI METAL

Procedure for the production of more easily soda from sodium bicarbonate

PRODUCTION OF AN ORGANIC SOLUTION OF A WATER-INSOLUBLE ORGANIC BASE

Systems and methods for capture and sequestration of gases and compositions derived therefrom

Integrated chemical process

A mineral carbonation process, characterised in that the silicate feedstock is thermally activated by using heat generated from the combustion of fuel prior to reacting the activated slurry feedstock with carbon dioxide.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ANHYDROUS SODIUM CARBONATE CRYSTAL

Method and device for treating saline wastewater

The present invention provides a method and device for treating saline wastewater, e.g., accompanying water from gas field drilling, the method and device making it possible to highly efficiently convert the saline wastewater into an effectively utilizable substance in high yield at low cost with reduced environmental burdens. Saline wastewater which contains sodium chloride is concentrated by separating water from the saline wastewater to thereby produce high-concentration saline wastewater. The high-concentration saline wastewater is introduced into the positive-electrode-side chamber of an electrolytic tank which includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode that have been separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to sodium ions, and electrolysis is then conducted to yield sodium hydroxide in the high-concentration saline. This sodium hydroxide is brought into contact with a gas discharged from a gas-turbine power generator or engine power generator which has been ...

Sodium bicarbonate product

A sodium bicarbonate product comprises particles containing sodium bicarbonate and an organic material that is a solid at ambient temperature. The particles have a structure comprised of individual crystallites of sodium bicarbonate attached together in the particle. More than 95% by volume of the particles have a size less than 200 μm. Particles of the product are hollow and are formed of an outer shell of the crystallites. The product may be used, for example, as a leavening agent in the production of cooked foods. The product may be produced by spray drying a solution or slurry dissolved organic material and dissolved sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be present as a suspension.

PURIFYING ALKALI METAL LEACH SOLUTIONS CONTAINING VANADIUM, URANIUM OR MOLYBDENUM

Liquor oxalate stabilizers

PURIFYING A SOLUTION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE OF THE METALS VANADIUM,URANIUM AND MOLYBDENUM

REDUCTION OF AQUEOUS THIOSULFATE SOLUTIONS

PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ORGANIC SOLUTION FROM AN ORGANIC BASE NON WATER SOLUBLE

INTEGRATED CHEMICAL PROCESS

A mineral carbonation process, characterised in that the silicate feedsto ck is thermally activated by using heat generated from the combustion of fue l prior to reacting the activated slurry feedstock with carbon dioxide. ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION OF GASES AND COMPOSITIONS DERIVED THEREFROM

A method of sequestering a greenhouse gas is described, which comprises: (i) providing a solution carrying a first reagent that is capable of reacting with a greenhouse gas; (ii) contacting the solution with a greenhouse gas under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reagent and the greenhouse gas to produce at least a first reactant; (iii) providing a porous matrix having interstitial spaces and comprising at least a second reactant; (iv) allowing a solution carrying the at least first reactant to infiltrate at least a substantial portion of the interstitial spaces of the porous matrix under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reactant and the at least second reactant to provide at least a first product; and (v) allowing the at least first product to form and fill at least a portion of the interior spaces of the porous matrix, thereby sequestering a greenhouse gas.

Установка для получения гранулированного перкарбоната натрия

1. Установка для получения гранулированного перкарбоната натрия, содержащая узел приготовления раствора кальцинированной соды, узел фильтрации раствора кальцинированной соды, линию подачи кальцинированной соды, линию подачи раствора перекиси водорода, средство подачи стабилизатора и последовательно соединенные реактор, шнековый смеситель, сушилку и классификатор, соединенный с линией отвода товарной фракции целевого продукта и линией отвода крупной фракции на мельницу, и линию возврата мелкой фракции в смеситель в качестве ретура, отличающаяся тем, что средство подачи стабилизатора соединено с линией подачи перекиси водорода. 2. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что реактор выполнен с возможностью перемещения вдоль шнека смесителя. 3. Установка по п.1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что узел приготовления раствора кальцинированной соды, узел фильтрации и линия подачи содового раствора снабжены установками ультразвукового излучения. 4. Установка по любому из пп.1-3, отличающаяся тем, что на линии отвода товарной фракции установлен дополнительный пневмоклассификатор. 5. Установка по любому из пп.1-4, отличающаяся тем, что двигатели привода шнека, привода вентилятора сушилки смесителя и мельницы снабжены каждый частотным регулятором. (19) RU (11) 30 139 (13) U1 (51) МПК C01D 7/00 (2000.01) РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2003106257/20 , 12.03.2003 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 12.03.2003 (46) Опубликовано: 20.06.2003 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Закрытое акционерное общество "Торговый Дом "Перкарбонат-21 век" 3 0 1 3 9 (72) Автор(ы): Рахманов Н.В., Мещеряков В.Г., Ефимов Ю.Т., Иванов А.М., Смирнов Н.К., Дмитриев Г.В., Поликанов Н.И., Шевницын Л.С. R U Адрес для переписки: 121165, Москва, Г-165, а/я 15, ООО "ППФ-ЮСТИС", пат. пов. А.Е. Груниной, рег. № 401 (71) Заявитель(и): Закрытое акционерное общество "Торговый Дом "Перкарбонат-21 век" 3 0 1 3 9 R U (57) Формула полезной модели 1 ...

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОТБОРОМ СУСПЕНЗИИ ИЗ КАРБОНИЗАЦИОННОЙ КОЛОННЫ

Система управления отбором суспензии из карбонизационной колонны производства кальцинированной соды аммиачным способом в осадительном режиме работы аппарата, содержащая датчик температуры газожидкостной среды в верхней части колонны и регулирующий орган, отличающаяся тем, система снабжена датчиком давления в общем коллекторе суспензии и блоком автоматического управления, при этом воздействие на регулирующий орган осуществляется согласно алгоритму: У=УК·(Т-Т)-К·Р, где У - текущее положение регулирующего органа, %, У - начальное положение регулирующего органа, %; K - коэффициент преобразования сигналов датчиков температуры, %/K; Т - заданная температура газожидкостной среды в верхней части колонны, К; Т - текущая, температура газожидкостной среды в верхней части колонны, К; К - коэффициент преобразования датчика давления, %/Па; Р - давление в общем коллекторе суспензии, Па. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 70 881 (13) U1 (51) МПК C01D 7/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2007133143/22 , 03.09.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 03.09.2007 (45) Опубликовано: 20.02.2008 7 0 8 8 1 Формула полезной модели Система управления отбором суспензии из карбонизационной колонны производства кальцинированной соды аммиачным способом в осадительном режиме работы аппарата, содержащая датчик температуры газожидкостной среды в верхней части колонны и регулирующий орган, отличающаяся тем, система снабжена датчиком давления в общем коллекторе суспензии и блоком автоматического управления, при этом воздействие на регулирующий орган осуществляется согласно алгоритму: У=У0 +К1·(Тз а д-Тт е к)-К2·Р, где У - текущее положение регулирующего органа, %, У0 - начальное положение регулирующего органа, %; R U K1 - коэффициент преобразования сигналов датчиков температуры, %/K; Тз а д - заданная температура газожидкостной среды в верхней части колонны, К; Тт е к - ...

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОМ КАРБОНИЗАЦИИ АММОНИЗИРОВАННОГО РАССОЛА ПО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМ КАЧЕСТВА

Система управления процессом карбонизации аммонизированного рассола по показателям качества, содержащая следующие системы автоматического регулирования: первая система состоит из датчика расхода углекислого газа, подаваемого в колонну, и датчика температуры верхней части колонны, по показаниям которых осуществляется отбор суспензии из аппарата с помощью регулирующего органа, вторая включает в себя датчик уровня жидкости в колонне, по показаниям которого осуществляется регулирование уровня в аппарате с помощью дроссельной заслонки, и третья состоит из датчика температуры суспензии на выходе из колонны, по показаниям которого осуществляется регулирование температуры с помощью регулирующего органа на трубопроводе подачи воды в холодильную часть колонны, отличающаяся тем, что система содержит блок автоматического управления уровнем жидкости в колонне, блок автоматического управления расходом газа первого входа, блок автоматического управления расходом газа второго входа, блок автоматического управления отбором суспензии из карбонизационной колонны, блок автоматического управления температурой газожидкостной среды в нижней части колонны и блок моделирования показателей качества процесса. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 81 183 U1 (51) МПК C01D 7/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008135727/22, 02.09.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 02.09.2008 (45) Опубликовано: 10.03.2009 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ГОУ ВПО Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет (RU) U 1 8 1 1 8 3 R U Ñòðàíèöà: 1 ru CL U 1 Формула полезной модели Система управления процессом карбонизации аммонизированного рассола по показателям качества, содержащая следующие системы автоматического регулирования: первая система состоит из датчика расхода углекислого газа, подаваемого в колонну, и датчика температуры верхней части колонны, по показаниям которых ...

МНОГОСВЯЗНАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАРБОНИЗАЦИОННОЙ КОЛОННОЙ

Многосвязная система управления карбонизационной колонной, содержащая следующие системы автоматического регулирования: первая система состоит из датчика расхода углекислого газа, подаваемого в колонну, и датчика температуры верхней части колонны, по показаниям которых осуществляется отбор суспензии из аппарата с помощью регулирующего органа, вторая включает в себя датчик уровня жидкости в колонне, по показаниям которого осуществляется регулирование уровня в аппарате с помощью дроссельной заслонки, и третья состоит из датчика температуры суспензии на выходе из колонны, по показаниям которого осуществляется регулирование температуры с помощью регулирующего органа на трубопроводе подачи воды в холодильную часть колонны, отличающаяся тем, что система снабжена сумматорами и следующими блоками компенсации перекрестных связей: блок компенсации влияния уровня жидкости в колонне на расход газа первого входа, блок компенсации влияния уровня жидкости в колонне на расход газа второго входа, блок компенсации влияния уровня жидкости в колонне на отбор суспензии, блок компенсации влияния уровня жидкости в колонне на температуру суспензии, блок компенсации влияния отбора суспензии на уровень жидкости в колонне, блок компенсации влияния отбора суспензии на расход газа первого входа, блок компенсации влияния отбора суспензии на расход газа второго входа, блок компенсации влияния отбора суспензии на температуру суспензии, блок компенсации влияния температуры суспензии на уровень жидкости в колонне, блок компенсации влияния температуры суспензии на расход газа первого входа, блок компенсации влияния температуры суспензии на расход газа второго входа, блок компенсации влияния температуры суспензии на отбор суспензии. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 81 184 U1 (51) МПК C01D 7/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008135729/22, 02.09.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока ...

System and method for separating high molecular weight gases from a combustion source

High molecular weight (HMW) gases are separated from an exhaust gas of a combustion source using a blower and an interior vent within the exhaust stack. The interior vent includes a vent wall having a top portion attached to the interior surface of the exhaust stack along the entire inner perimeter of the exhaust stack and a lower portion that extends downward into the exhaust stack to form an annular space or gap between the vent wall and the interior surface of the exhaust stack, and at least one opening in the interior surface of the exhaust stack between the top and bottom portions of the vent wall. The blower creates a tangential flow of the exhaust gas with sufficient centrifugal force to concentrate substantially all of the HMW gases along the inner surface of the exhaust stack. A transfer pipe removes the HMW gases from the interior vent.

Method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate from brine

The present disclosure provides a method of preparing highly pure lithium carbonate from brine. The method includes adding an adsorbent to the brine, from which the magnesium ions Mg 2+ have been removed, to adsorb lithium ions Li + to the adsorbent, followed by providing the adsorbent having the lithium ions Li + adsorbed thereto to a strong acid solution to desorb the lithium ions Li + from the adsorbent; enriching the strong acid solution in which the lithium ions Li + are desorbed from the adsorbent; and obtaining lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 through chemical reaction between the lithium ions Li + in the enriched solution and a carbonate precursor.

Method and apparatus on halting global warming

We have described herein a method and associated apparatus that can halt global warming with significant economic benefits. They include (1), re-scrub half the carbon dioxide emitted from calcining baking soda into soda ash to produce twice as much soda ash and twice as much ammonium chloride as comparing with the standard Solvay ammonia soda ash process; Use the ammonium chloride as sugarcane fertilizer producing fuel ethanol, and bagasse, a photosynthesized bio-fuel from carbon dioxide already presented in the earth atmosphere for power generation, and (2), expand the sugarcane plantation areas into desert oasis using desert heat to produce distilled water for irrigation, pumped by solar heated hydraulic press pumps to supplement insufficient rain forest resources on earth's continents to accelerate reaching “carbon neutral” on capture annually twenty five billion tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from earth atmosphere economically.

Production of magnesium metal

A process of producing magnesium metal includes providing magnesium carbonate, and reacting the magnesium carbonate to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant in a second process. In another embodiment of the process, a magnesium silicate is reacted with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is reacted with a source of carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate is reacted to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The invention also relates to the magnesium metal produced by the processes described herein.

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

A process for the production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of trona, comprising crushing trona ore and dissolving it in a leaching tank containing a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and an additive selected from the group consisting of: phosphates, phospholipids, carboxylates, carboxilic acids, and combinations thereof, saturated in sodium bicarbonate, in order to produce solid particles suspended in a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, the solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. The solid particles are separated from the production solution containing sodium carbonate. At least part of the production solution containing sodium carbonate is taken out of the leaching tank. 1. A process for the production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of crushed trona ore , said process comprising:introducing crushed trona in a leaching tank containing a dissolution solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, saturated or super-saturated in sodium bicarbonate;adding an additive selected from the group consisting of: phosphates, phospholipids, carboxylates, carboxylic acids, and combinations thereof in said dissolution solution;at least partially dissolving said crushed trona in said dissolution solution in order to produce solid particles and a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, said solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% in weight of sodium bicarbonate;separating said solid particles from said production solution comprising sodium carbonate; andtaking at least a part of said production solution containing sodium carbonate out of said leaching tank in order to constitute a produced solution comprising sodium carbonate.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of: anionic hexametaphosphate claim 1 , anionic polyphosphate claim 1 , anionic ...

Using the solid waste-quicklime membrane swqm process for the production of sodium hydroxide

The proposed invention uses ion exchange technology to produce dilute caustic soda liquor from calcium hydroxide liquor Ca(OH) 2 followed by the reaction of carbon dioxide CO 2 with caustic soda to produce dilute sodium carbonate solution. Multiple reverse osmosis and acidic CO 2 sparging can concentrate the Na 2 CO 3 liquor to 6-7%. The 6-7% liquor is treated with waste heat to produce 50% or solid Na2CO3. The 6-7% liquor can be treated with Ca(OH) 2 to produce 6-7% NaOH liquor then can be transformed to 50% or solid NaOH. The output of many industrial processes generates waste heat, brine water and CO2 and the present invention combines these components in the production of solid Na 2 CO3, NaOH or their high % liquors. Availability of waste heat sources can lead to higher efficiency in Na 2 CO 3 and NaOH production. The process is not electrochemical chloro alkali technology or Solvay process.

Method of Recovering Chemicals

A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels. 2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based waste liquor from a biorefinery is subjected to partial wet oxidation.3. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that waste liquor is generated from alkali dissolution of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of wood chips claim 2 , or/and from dissolving of lignin-bearing pulp claim 2 , or/and from alkalised hydrolysate of residual pulp.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that alkaline Na-based black liquor or waste liquor from a pulp mill is subjected to partial wet oxidation.5. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the partial wet oxidation and possible additional vaporisation claim 1 , bicarbonate claim 1 , carbonate or sulphate salts are precipitated.6. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the partial wet oxidised black liquor is led to separation claim 1 , where lignin claim 1 , bicarbonate and/or silicate compounds are ...

FINE BUBBLE GENERATING APPARATUS, METHOD FOR GENERATING FINE BUBBLES, AND METHOD FOR GAS-LIQUID REACTION USING SAME

The present invention addresses the problem of: providing an apparatus and method for generating fine bubbles in a plurality of processing surfaces in a plurality of processing members disposed in opposition so as to be capable of being brought together and moved apart, at least one being capable of relative rotation with respect to the other; as well as providing a method for reacting fine bubbles using a method for generating fine bubbles. Provided are: a plurality of processing members disposed in opposition so as to be capable of being brought together and moved apart, at least one being capable of relative rotation with respect to the other; processing surfaces provided in mutually opposed positions in the respective processing members; and at least two independent flow path communicating with the space between the processing surfaces. A gas and a liquid representing a fluid to be processed are introduced into the space between the processing surfaces from the at least two independent flow path, and the fluid is processed. The liquid is introduced from one flow path of at least two independent flow path, and the gas is introduced through the other flow path, whereby bubbles are generated between the processing surfaces. 1. An apparatus for generating fine bubbles , wherein the apparatus is provided with a plurality of processing members which are disposed in a position they are faced with each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other , at least one of which rotates relative to the other , a plurality of processing surfaces which are disposed in a position they are faced each other in the respective plurality of processing members , and at least two independent flow paths leading to the said plurality of processing surfaces , whereby introducing a fluid to be processed into the plurality of processing surfaces through the at least two independent flow paths to carry out fluid processing , wherein of the at least two independent flow ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING CO2 AND PRODUCING SODIUM BICARBONATE (NAHCO3) FROM TRONA (NA2CO3 - 2H2O - NAHCO3)

The present invention presents an integrated system for the production of NaHCOfrom COcaptured from industries or power plants by means of a dry carbonate process starting from trona as raw material (NaCO—NaHCO-2HO) and converting it into sodium carbonate (NaCO). The optimized integration of the unit allows coupling the system with renewable energies at medium temperatures below 220° C., such as biomass or medium temperature solar thermal energy systems. The use of this invention integrated in a COemitting plant results in a global system of almost zero COemissions, being able to meet the heat requirements of the global integrated system, minimizing the energy consumption of the COcapture system and conversion to bicarbonate. This optimized integration reduces the energy and economic penalty of integrating the COcapture system and conversion to value-added chemical. 1. Integrated COcapture system and production of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) characterized by the integration of:{'sub': '2', 'a. COcapture through a dry carbonation process'}{'sub': 2', '3', '3', '2', '2', '3, 'b. Conversion of trona (NaCO—NaHCO-2HO) into sodium carbonate (NaCO)'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'c. Generation of sodium bicarbonate from the NaCOgenerated and the COcaptured.'}2. Integrated COcapture system and NaHCOgeneration according to wherein it is integrated in the output current of fossil fuel thermal plants and in COemitting industrial installations.3. Integrated system of COcapture and generation of NaHCOaccording to wherein the subsystem of COcapture uses the dry carbonation process.4. Integrated system according to the wherein the contribution of heat at medium temperature (140-230° C.) for the regeneration of sorbent and dissociation of the trona in the process of COcapture can come from renewable energy claim 1 , solar thermal technology of medium temperature or biomass.5. Integrated system of COcapture and generation of NaHCOaccording to wherein it allows generating near-zero COemissions ...

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises graphite having an alkali carbonate layer formed on a surface thereof, wherein the graphite has an I/Iratio of 0.05 to 0.3 in Raman spectroscopy, and a method of preparing the same, wherein, since the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes the graphite having an alkali carbonate layer formed on the surface thereof, the alkali carbonate layer contributes to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) to reduce a side reaction with an electrolyte solution including propylene carbonate. Thus, since low-temperature performance and initial efficiency of the lithium secondary battery may be improved, the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is suitable for the preparation of the lithium secondary battery. 1. A negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery , which comprises graphite having an alkali carbonate layer formed on a surface thereof , wherein the graphite has an I/Iratio of 0.05 to 0.3 in Raman spectroscopy.2. The negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the alkali carbonate comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate (NaCO) claim 1 , lithium carbonate (LiCO) claim 1 , and potassium carbonate (KCO).3. The negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the alkali carbonate layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 150 nm.4. The negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the alkali carbonate layer is formed on an area corresponding to 10% to 50% of a total surface area of the graphite.5. The negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the graphite has a particle diameter of 6 μm to 30 μm.6. The ...

ALUMINA AND CARBONATE PRODUCTION METHOD FROM Al-RICH MATERIALS WITH INTEGRATED CO2 UTILIZATION

A process for alumina and carbonate production from aluminium rich materials with integrated COutilization, comprising: comminuting and leaching Al-rich materials in concentrated HCI; separating unreacted material from metal chloride solution; separating Al from solution by crystallization of AlCl.6HO; calcination of AlCl.6HO with HCl recovery; precipitation of metal carbonates from CO; regeneration of HCl and extractive amines; the Al separation the facilitated by increasing HCl concentration; the calcination being performed in two steps, one in the range 400 and 600° C. to generate a HCl-rich gas and one above 600° C. to produce AlO; for precipitating metal carbonates, mixing the metal chloride solution with an organic solution containing a selected amine and contacting the mixture with a CO-containing gas, thereby also extracting HCl by formation of an ammonium chloride salt complex; processing thermally or chemically the organic solution to regenerate the amine for recirculation. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for producing alumina and carbonate from aluminium-rich materials with integrated COutilization , comprising the steps of:a. crushing and milling the aluminium-rich materials;b. leaching the crushed materials in with a concentrated mineral acid that is majority HCl to produce a metal chloride solution and unreacted solid materials;c. separating unreacted solid materials and the metal chloride solution;{'sup': '3+', 'sub': 3', '2, 'd. separating Al from the metal chloride solution by crystallization of AlCl-6HO via increasing the amount of HCl in the metal chloride solution;'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'e. calcining AlCl-6HO and separating HCl byproduct to produce AlOvia first indirectly heating at a temperature between 400° C. and 600° C. to produce an HCl-rich gas, and then heating at a temperature above 600° C. to produce AlO;'}{'sub': '2', 'f. precipitating metal carbonates from the metal chloride aqueous solution coming from step (e) via mixing ...

Recovery of Valuable Resources from Produced Water and Coal Combustion Products

The present invention relates to processes employing water produced from wells that, after suitable purification steps, is processed to recover resources that can be used to treat other waste streams, such as flue gases and ashes from combustion of fossil fuels. 1. A method for performing the Debang process employing any brine solution but more specifically water produced from oil or gas wells (Produced Water) , or water flowing back (Flowback Water) after fracking oil or gas wells , as a source of brine for use in the Debang process , comprising the steps of:removing oil from Produced or Flowback Water in an oil/water separator:evaporating or adding solid sodium chloride to Produced or Flowback Water to increase its salinity, forming a high-salinity brine;adding sodium sulfate to precipitate sulfate salts from said brine in a first clarifier;adding sodium carbonate to precipitate carbonate salts and metals from said brine in a second clarifier;adding ammonia and carbon dioxide; andperforming the Debang process, in which sodium chloride in the high-salinity brine reacts with the ammonia and carbon dioxide to yield sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium chloride content of the high-salinity brine when reacted is approximately 150 claim 1 ,000 ppm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein products produced from the Debang process such as sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride are used to effectively treat or remove mercury claim 1 , sulfur dioxide claim 1 , nitrogen oxides claim 1 , and carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion flue gas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium bicarbonate from the Debang process is used to remove divalent elements from brine used in the Debang process.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfate produced from the treatment of fossil fuel combustion flue gas are used to remove divalent cations from Produced Water and to provide carbon dioxide for the Debang ...

A process for preparing chemically modified bicarbonate salt particles

The present disclosure relates to a method for chemically modifying particles of a bicarbonate salt in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and chemically modified bicarbonate particles prepared therefrom. The present disclosure also relates to a method for controlling an amount of carbonate salt formed during chemical modification of bicarbonate salt particles.

Sodium bicarbonate product with excellent flowability and its method of manufacture

A particulate sodium bicarbonate product with an excellent flowability characterized by an angle of repose less than 30 degrees. An angle of repose of less than 27.5 is particularly good. The product is preferably in the form of ovoid or spherical particles, in that the particles have a mean axial ratio of at least 0.5. In some embodiments, the sodium bicarbonate product has a smooth particle surface in which less than 75% of the particle surface is covered with spikes. The particles may have a mean diameter D 50 of at least 75 microns but less than 300 microns. The particulate sodium bicarbonate product comprises inorganic and organic impurities embedded in its polycrystalline structure, for example at least 75 ppm TOC; or at least 30 ppm Ca; or from 1 to 18 ppm Mg; or more than 0.6 g/kg NaCl; and/or from 100 to less than 500 ppm Si. A process for manufacturing such product, and its use for the treatment of pollutants in gases such as removal of acid gas.

Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate Crystallization

A process for preparing solid sodium carbonate monohydrate from a solution of sodium carbonate is described. 1. A method for preparing solid sodium carbonate monohydrate (NaCO.1HO) from a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium chloride in an aqueous media , the method comprising reducing the pressure of a vessel containing the solution such that the boiling point of the solution decreases below the NaCO.1HO to anhydrous NaCOtransition temperature.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous media is water.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount greater than 0 but less than 32 wt percent.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount between 5 wt percent and 10 wt percent.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount between 3 wt percent and 5 wt percent.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium sulfate is present in an amount greater than 0 but less than 4 wt percent.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid sodium carbonate monohydrate is in a crystalline form.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the crystalline form is orthorhombic.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vessel is a mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) crystallizer or a multiple effect evaporation crystallizer.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vessel is at a pressure in the range of 0.10 to 0.99 atmospheres.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vessel is at a temperature in the range of 50 to 110° C. Conventional techniques for carrying out industrial-scale crystallization of sodium carbonate monohydrate involve evaporative crystallization and the unaltered boiling temperature of a solution of sodium carbonate at the barometric pressure of the plant location, which is dependent on the geographic elevation of the plant.However, conventional techniques suffer from problems ...

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

Process for producing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in a continuous mode out of trona comprising: c) feeding crushed trona, an extraction water and an additive in a first leaching tank containing a dissolution solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of: anionic hexametaphosphate, anionic polyphosphate, anionic polyphosphonate, soja lecithine, anionic polycarboxylate polymer, anionic polyacrylate polymer, anionic polyacrylate-polyacrylamide co-polymer, anionic hydrolyzed polymaleic polymers, anionic maleic-acrylic acids copolymers, anionic acrylic acid-phosphonic acid copolymers and combinations thereof; d) dissolving at least partially the crushed trona in the dissolution solution in order to produce a first suspension; e) removing continuously the first suspension from the first leaching tank and feeding it with an additive into a second leaching tank wherein the additive is selected from the same group of additives of step c); f) dissolving at least partially the remaining crushed trona from step d) in the second leaching tank in order to produce a second suspension; g) separating the second solid particles from the second solution to produce a production solution comprising sodium carbonate and to produce a production solid comprising the second solid particles comprising sodium bicarbonate. 1. A process for producing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in a continuous mode out of trona comprising the following steps:c. Feeding crushed trona, an extraction water and an additive in a first leaching tank containing a dissolution solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, saturated or super-saturated in sodium bicarbonate, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of: anionic hexametaphosphate, anionic polyphosphate, anionic polyphosphonate, soja lecithine, anionic polycarboxylate polymer, anionic polyacrylate polymer, anionic polyacrylate ...

Process to Recycle and Reuse Trona and Coal Combustion Byproducts in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

A process is developed wherein sodium carbonate is reclaimed from Trona-treated fly ash waste stream, and the fly ash rendered suitable for use as a Pozzolan. The process is a closed system wherein all separated aspects of the waste stream are reused by the generating power plant or offered as a commercial product. 1. A process whereby Trona-treated fly ash is beneficiated by water washing1.a) results in the removal of Cenospheres by flotation separation1.b) results in the removal of iron-laden particles by wet magnetic separation1.c) results in the removal of carbon-laden particles by froth flotation2. A process whereby Trona-treated fly ash is beneficiated by the removal of sodium contaminants2.a) results in the removal of arsenic and selenium by use of reducing or oxidizing agents2.b) results in the precipitation of sulfates and sulfites by addition of calcium chloride2.c) salt brine after precipitation is useable as ice control media3. A process whereby Trona , represented as sodium carbonates , is reclaimed from Trona-treated fly ash3.a) results in capture of sodium carbonate through Solvay process. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/216,856, 10 Sep., 2015Fly ash beneficiation process, U.S. Pat. No. 4,121,945 A, Apr. 16, 1978, Vernon J. Hurst & Robert W Styron (Inventors)Method of removing carbon from fly ash, U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,131 A, Jul. 13, 1999, Robert W. Styron & Jiann-Yang Hwang (Inventors)Coal fly ash is produced by the combustion of pulverized coal at high boiler temperatures in modern electric power generating plants. Coal combusted in these facilities produces a combustion residual (ash) that is normally formed as both: coarse aggregate ‘bottom ash’ captured and removed from the bottom of the units; and fine particulate ‘fly ash’ removed from the flue gas stream via electrostatic precipitation or bag houses. The fly ash is fused into particles partially consisting of glass beads and spheroids. Most fly ash has ...

Method for supplying molten carbonate fuel cell with electrolyte and molten carbonate fuel cell using the same

Disclosed are a method for supplying molten carbonate fuel cell with electrolyte and a molten carbonate fuel cell using the same, wherein a molten carbonate electrolyte is generated from a molten carbonate electrolyte precursor compound in a molten carbonate fuel cell and is supplied to the molten carbonate fuel cell.

FLUSHABLE CAT LITTER

A flushable cat litter present in a litter box designed to allow a majority of the cat urine to drain into a compartment or container separate from the portion of the litter box holding cat feces and the cat litter. The cat litter preferably includes a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. 1. A system including a two-part litter box and a flushable cat litter present in the litter box , wherein the litter box includes a drainable first compartment for receiving cat feces , cat urine and the cat litter , and a compartment which allows a majority of the cat urine to drain from the first compartment into the second compartment , wherein the flushable cat litter is substantially non-absorbent and does not substantially dissolve while present in the first compartment , and then becomes absorbent and substantially dissolves when mixed with water.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cat litter comprises sodium sesquicarbonate.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flushable cat litter is pelletized.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sodium sesquicarbonate has a bulk density of less than 80 lb/ft.5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sodium sesquicarbonate has a bulk density of about 67.5 lb/ft.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cat litter is low tracking.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flushable cat litter has a water absorption rate of up to about 17% in water at 77° F.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first compartment has a perforated floor.9. A flushable cat litter present which is substantially non-absorbent and does not substantially dissolve while present in a litter box claim 1 , but which becomes absorbent and substantially dissolves in the presence of water.10. The flushable cat litter of claim 9 , wherein the cat litter comprises a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.11. The flushable cat litter of claim 9 , wherein the cat litter comprises sodium sesquicarbonate.12. The flushable cat litter of claim 9 , ...

Nuclear driven carbon dioxide sequestration system and method

A system and method for heat produced at a nuclear power plant as the energy source for carbon dioxide sequestration while simultaneously producing electricity. The system includes a nuclear power plant that differs significantly from conventional designs inasmuch as its design is tightly integrated into the carbon dioxide sequestration system. The system generates electricity and sequesters carbon dioxide at the same time. Instead of simply generating electricity from the nuclear reactor and then using that electricity to run a sequestration process, the method is designed to directly provide the requisite thermal energy to the sequestration process, and simultaneously power an electrical generator. Another feature of the system design is a method of optimizing load balancing between the electrical grid and carbon dioxide sequestration.

Process for capture of carbon dioxide and desalination

The present invention relates to a process for reducing in a gas stream the concentration of carbon dioxide and for reducing in an aqueous stream the concentration of sodium chloride, which process comprises contacting a feed gas comprising greater than or equal to 0.1% by volume carbon dioxide with an aqueous feed comprising: (a) sodium chloride; and (b) calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide at a total concentration of greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, wherein the pH of the aqueous feed is greater than or equal to 10.0. A product aqueous stream obtained from the process of the invention is also described.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SODIUM CARBONATE/BICARBONATE

Process for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or for producing refined sodium bicarbonate, wherein: a low COcontent gas generated by a unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or generated by a unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate is enriched into a CO-enriched gas by using a COconcentration module, such as an amine-type or ammonia or PSA or TSA or cryogenic distillation or membrane-type COconcentration module, and said CO-enriched gas has an increased COcontent of: +10% (at least) to +90% (at most), by volume on a dry gas basis relative to the COconcentration of the low content gas, and the CO-enriched gas is subsequently recycled to the unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or to the unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate, to produce sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, or to carbonate at least one part of effluent from the unit for producing sodium carbonate and/or from the unit for producing sodium bicarbonate. 1. A process for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or for producing refined sodium bicarbonate , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'a low COcontent gas generated by a unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or generated by a unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate,'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'is enriched into a COenriched gas using a COconcentration module, and said CO-enriched gas has an increased COcontent of: +10% (at least) to +90% (at most) by volume on a dry gas basis relative to the COconcentration of the low content gas, and'}{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': to produce at least one product selected from the group consisting of: sodium carbonate, ammoniacal sodium bicarbonate, and refined sodium bicarbonate, or', 'to carbonate at least part of an effluent from the unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or generated by the unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate., 'the CO-enriched gas is subsequently recycled to the unit for producing sodium carbonate with ...

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN AQUEOUS SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

A process for manufacturing an aqueous sodium chloride solution and the use of such solution for the manufacturing of crude sodium bicarbonate from SOLVAY ammonia process or for the manufacturing of soda ash, comprising the steps of: a) dispersing a first solid material comprising sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, and a second solid material comprising calcium chloride in an aqueous liquid to produce an aqueous medium; b) subjecting the aqueous medium to clarification to produce a clarified aqueous medium; and c) recovering the clarified aqueous medium as aqueous sodium chloride solution; wherein a weight L/S ratio between the weight of the aqueous liquid used to produce the aqueous medium and the total weight of the first solid material and the second solid material is in the range of from 0.7 to 3.5. 1. A process for manufacturing an aqueous sodium chloride solution , comprising the steps ofa) dispersing a first solid material comprising sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, and a second solid material comprising calcium chloride in an aqueous liquid to produce an aqueous medium;b) subjecting the aqueous medium to clarification to produce a clarified aqueous medium; andc) recovering the clarified aqueous medium as aqueous sodium chloride solution; wherein a weight L/S ratio between the weight of the aqueous liquid used to produce the aqueous medium and the total weight of the first solid material and the second solid material is in the range of from 0.7 to 3.5.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the L/S ratio is in the range of from 1 to 2.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the aqueous medium in step a) is adjusted to ≦10.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the density of the aqueous medium in step a) is adjusted to ≧1.2 kg/l.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the first solid material to the second solid material and the amounts of first and second solid ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING A SODIUM CARBONATE PURGE

A method for producing a concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution from a purge stream deriving from a sodium carbonate, or sesquicarbonate, or wegsheiderite crystallizer, or sodium bicarbonate crystallizer, said purge stream comprising sodium carbonate and/or bicarbonate, and at least 1% of sodium chloride or sodium sulfate and a soluble impurity from an ore deposit comprising at least one of the following elements: As, Ba, B, Ca, Co, K, Li, Mo, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, Ti, V, and W, to be purified, the method comprising: causticizing at least 50 mol. % of the sodium carbonate into a caustic solution and into a calcium carbonate mud with lime and water; separating the mud from the caustic solution; concentrating the caustic solution by removing part of the water to obtain a concentrated caustic solution comprising at least 25% NaOH, and a crystallized solid comprising sodium carbonate and sodium chloride and/or sulfate; and separating the crystallized solid from the concentrated caustic solution, said crystallized solid to be disposed of or to be further valorized. 1. A method for producing a concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution from a purge stream deriving from an anhydrous sodium carbonate crystallizer , or a sodium carbonate monohydrate crystallizer , or a sodium carbonate decahydrate crystallizer , or a sodium sesquicarbonate crystallizer , or a wegsheiderite crystallizer , or a sodium bicarbonate crystallizer , sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from a sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate ore deposit selected from the group consisting of: trona ore, nahcolite ore, and wegscheiderite ore,', 'at least 1% by weight of a sodium salt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and mixtures thereof, and', 'at least one soluble salt or one soluble impurity from said sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate ore deposit, said soluble salt or soluble impurity comprising at least one of the following elements selected ...

ORGAN PRESERVATION COMPOSITION

An aqueous organ preservation solution includes taurine and L-alanine-L-glutamine and glutamic acid. The organ preservation composition can be stored in a solid state, for example in the form of small particles (e.g. a powder or micronized powder), and be dissolved in water, thereby instantly providing a ready-to-use organ preservation solution. 1. An aqueous organ preservation solution comprising taurine and L-alanine-L-glutamine and glutamic acid.2. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to further comprising: a colloid claim 1 , an anti-oxidant claim 1 , an electrolyte claim 1 , an impermeant claim 1 , an amino acid claim 1 , a vitamin and at least 2 buffer compounds.3. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to further comprising at least 2 impermeants claim 1 , and at least 2 anti-oxidants.4. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , further comprising glutathione and/or glutathione disulfide.5. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 4 , wherein the ratio between glutathione and glutathione disulfide is in the range between 1:10 and 10:1.6. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , comprising glutathione disulfide at a concentration in the range of 5-500 mg/L.7. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , comprising Biotin at a concentration in the range of 1-100 mg/L.8. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , comprising taurine at a concentration in the range of 100-10000 mg/L.9. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , comprising L-alanine-L-glutamine at a concentration in the range of 50-3000 mg/L.10. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , comprising glutamic acid at a concentration in the range of 50-3000 mg/L.11. The aqueous organ preservation solution according to claim 1 , wherein the colloid is polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight in the range of 10 claim 1 ,000-55 claim 1 ,000 ...

PREPARATION OF LITHIUM CARBONATE FROM LITHIUM CHLORIDE CONTAINING BRINES

This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of preparing lithium carbonate from a lithium chloride-rich stream , the method comprising the steps of:supplying a geothermal brine solution containing lithium chloride and silica to a silica removal step to produce a silica-lean lithium chloride-containing solution, wherein the silica removal step is operable to remove at least a portion of silica present in the geothermal brine solution;processing the silica-lean lithium chloride-containing solution through a lithium chloride capture step to obtain a lithium chloride-containing feed solution, wherein the lithium-chloride containing feed solution further comprises divalent ions;contacting the lithium chloride-containing feed solution with an ion removal medium to remove at least a portion of the divalent ions present in the lithium chloride-containing feed solution and produce a purified lithium chloride-rich stream having a reduced concentration of the divalent ions relative to the lithium chloride-containing feed solution;processing the purified lithium chloride-rich stream in an electrochemical cell to produce a lithium hydroxide-rich solution; andcontacting the lithium hydroxide-rich solution with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the ion removal medium is a chelating ion exchange resin.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the lithium chloride capture step comprises contacting the silica-lean lithium chloride-containing solution with an intercalated lithium adsorbent.24. A method of preparing lithium hydroxide from a lithium chloride-rich stream claim ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SODA ASH

A device and process for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers. Industrial plants employing the inventive process can have the flexibility to produce needed industrial chemical compounds such as Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas, based on market demand, and can be located near points of consumption to significantly reduce transportation costs. 1. A process for capacitive generation of ion streams , comprising;a) providing a first electrolyte solution in a first hydraulically isolated section and a second electrolyte solution in a second hydraulically isolated section, wherein each electrolyte solution comprises positive ions and negative ions;b) separating the positive ions from the negative ions in each of the first and second electrolyte solutions, wherein separating comprises the steps of:i) placing a first EDLC electrode inside the first electrolyte solution;ii) placing a second EDLC electrode inside the second electrolyte solution; andiii) applying an electric potential difference between the EDLC electrodes such that two capacitors in series are formed in each of the first and second electrolyte solutions;c) electrically drawing the ions out of each of the first and second electrolyte solutions as oppositely charged ion streams, wherein the positive and negative ion streams are generated in a continuous fashion and are selectively drawn through an ion selective membrane selective to the ion stream; andd) pooling the ion stream from the first electrolyte solution and the oppositely charged ion stream ...

METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR QUALITY OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN LIQUOR

A method for optimizing reduction and content of total titratable alkali of green liquor of a recovery boiler. The method comprises producing green liquor in a dissolving tank by conveying smelt and weak white liquor into the dissolving tank and measuring at least the contents of sodium sulphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and sodium carbonate of the green liquor. The method comprises controlling at least a process parameter of a recovery boiler to maximize the reduction of the recovery boiler and controlling the flow of the weak white liquor into the dissolving tank to optimize the content of total titratable alkali of the green liquor. In addition, a system for producing green liquor with optimized reduction and content of total titratable alkali. The system comprises a first sensor arrangement, a first and a second regulator, and a processing unit arrangement configured to perform the method. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for optimizing reduction and content of total titratable alkali of green liquor of a recovery boiler , the method comprisingproducing green liquor by dissolving smelt of the recovery boiler in a dissolving tank by conveying weak white liquor into the dissolving tank, [{'sub': 2', '4, 'the content of sodium sulphate (NaSO),'}, 'the content of sodium hydroxide (NaOH),', {'sub': '2', 'the content of sodium sulphide (NaS), and'}, {'sub': 2', '3, 'the content of sodium carbonate (NaCO)'}], 'measuring at least'}of the green liquor,{'sub': 2', '4', '2, 'controlling at least a process parameter of the recovery boiler by using the measured content of sodium sulphate (NaSO) and the measured content of sodium sulphide (NaS) to maximize the reduction of the recovery boiler and'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2', '3, 'at a first instance of time, controlling the flow of the weak white liquor into the dissolving tank by using the measured content of sodium sulphate (NaSO), the measured content of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the measured content of sodium sulphide ...

Method for Enhancing Sodium Bicarbonate Flowability

A process for producing crystalline sodium bicarbonate, comprising: feeding dried sodium bicarbonate solids with a mass flow rate to a fluid bed cooling unit, wherein said cooling unit comprises at least one cooling element through which flows a cooling fluid; flowing a fluidization gas stream in the fluid bed cooling unit to fluidize the dried sodium bicarbonate solids, in order for the dried sodium bicarbonate solids to be in thermal contact with the at least one cooling element; withdrawing a sodium bicarbonate product from the fluid bed cooling unit; and adjusting the temperature of the cooling fluid flowing through the at least one cooling element in order for the sodium bicarbonate product to have an outlet temperature of 95° F. or less, preferably less than 90° F., when being withdrawn from the fluid bed cooling unit.

Method for producing lithium hydroxide monohydrate from brines

A method for LiOHH2O production from lithium-bearing multicomponent hydromineral raw materials includes filtering lithium-bearing brine contaminated with suspended particles with regeneration of filters and processing of used regenerate, and obtaining pregnant lithium-bearing brine, isolation of lithium chloride from the brine in the form of a primary concentrate in sorption-desorption modules, and nanofiltration of the primary lithium concentrate from magnesium, calcium and sulfate ions. By means of reverse osmosis, electrodialysis concentration and ion-exchange purification from impurities followed by thermal concentration, the primary lithium concentrate is converted into a pregnant lithium chloride concentrate which is converted into a LiOH solution by membrane electrolysis. The LiOH solution is boiled down, resulting in LiOH.H2O crystallization.

Method Of Recycling Of By-Products For The Production Of Soda Ash And Ammonium Sulphate

A method of producing soda ash and ammonium sulphate by recycling by-products of Merseberg and Solvay processes includes treating brine with soda ash distiller waste for desulphatation of the brine to obtain gypsum, recovering pure salt from the desulphated brine and utilizing it in manufacture of soda ash in a Solvay process, washing the gypsum and reacting it with liquor ammonia and carbon dioxide to obtain CaCOand ammonium sulphate, separating the CaCOfrom the ammonium sulphate solution and recovering solid ammonium sulphate, washing the CaCOfollowed by calcination to generate COand lime, recycling the COin the Solvay process to obtain soda ash, recycling the lime with ammonium chloride generated in the Solvay process to recover ammonia and obtain distiller waste containing CaClas a by-product, recycling the by-product distiller waste for the desulphatation of the brine, and recycling the ammonia recovered. 1. A method of recycling of by-products of Merseberg process and Solvay process in an integrated process for the production of soda ash and ammonium sulphate employing brine , ammonia and COas raw materials , the process comprising the steps of:i. treating the brine with soda ash distiller waste for desulphatation of brine to obtain gypsum;ii. recovering pure salt from desulphated brine and utilizing it in manufacture of soda ash in Solvay process;{'sub': '3', 'iii. washing the gypsum obtained in step (i) and reacting it with liquor ammonia and carbon dioxide to obtain CaCOand ammonium sulphate;'}{'sub': '3', 'iv. separating CaCOfrom the ammonium sulphate solution obtained in step (iii), and recovering solid ammonium sulphate from the solution;'}{'sub': 3', '2, 'v. washing the CaCOobtained in step (iv) followed by calcination to generate COand lime;'}{'sub': '2', 'vi. recycling the COfrom step (v) in the Solvay process to obtain soda ash;'}vii. recycling the lime from step (v) with ammonium chloride generated in the Solvay process to recover ammonia and obtain ...

PROCESS FOR HYBRID CARBON CAPTURE AND MINERALIZATION

The principal approaches to reducing the effects of global warming seek to slow the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels as a result of fossil fuel combustion for energy production and transportation. A process for hybrid carbon capture and mineralization are disclosed. The process utilizes both flue gas from (e.g., power plants) and reject brine from (e.g., desalination process). The process includes providing flue gas to react with an amine solution to produce carbamate; processing the carbamate in a reactor to regenerate amine and to produce a carbonate; treating reject brine to provide a ready-made brine for carbonation reaction; and processing the carbamate with salt from treating the brine to produce a carbonate.

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: a solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0.1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; the resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; the first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; and a part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized. A reagent powder comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals made by such process. 1. A method for reducing the amount of alkali lost in evaporative ponds which are fed with a purge liquor containing such alkali , comprising:contacting said purge liquor with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, said purge liquor being a part of a mother liquor taken out of a sodium carbonate crystallizer and comprising at least 175 g/kg sodium carbonate and at least 10 g/kg sodium chloride.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium carbonate content in the mother liquor is not more than 250 g/kg.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mother liquor does not contain more than 30 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein contacting said purge liquor with a gas comprising carbon dioxide produces a water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein sodium bicarbonate crystals are separated from the water suspension to form a second mother liquor.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the second mother liquor is debicarbonated with vapor and then sent ...

Method for increasing evaporation rate of an evaporative pond

A method for increasing the evaporation rate of an evaporative pond containing pond liquor comprising water and at least 1% by weight of sodium carbonate, said evaporative pond being in contact with an ambient air at an ambient air temperature of more than 0° C., the method comprising the following steps: feeding part of the pond liquor to a heat exchanger; heating the pond liquor in the heat exchanger with heat and producing a heated pond liquor; feeding the heated pond liquor into a spraying device at an operating temperature of at least 10° C. above the ambient air temperature; and spraying the heated pond liquor into an open area of the evaporative pond with the spraying device, so as to evaporate at least part of the water of the pond liquor when sprayed. 1. A method for increasing the evaporation rate of an evaporative pond containing pond liquor comprising water and at least 1% by weight of sodium carbonate , said evaporative pond being in contact with an ambient air at an ambient air temperature of more than 0° C. , said method comprising the following steps:feeding part of said pond liquor to a heat exchanger;heating said pond liquor in said heat exchanger with heat and producing a heated pond liquor;feeding said heated pond liquor into a spraying device at an operating temperature of at least 10° C. above the ambient air temperature; andspraying said heated pond liquor into an open area of said evaporative pond with said spraying device, so as to evaporate at least part of the water of said pond liquor when sprayed.2. The method according to wherein said pond liquor comprises at most 30% by weight of sodium carbonate.3. The method according to wherein said pond liquor comprises at most 4% by weight of sodium bicarbonate.4. The method according to wherein said pond liquor comprises at most 18% sodium carbonate and at most 3% sodium bicarbonate.5. The method according to wherein the ambient air temperature is at least 15° C.6. The method according to wherein ...

Method for increasing evaporation rate of an evaporative pond using solar energy

A method for increasing the evaporation rate of an evaporative pond comprising a pond liquor comprising water and at least 1% by weight of sodium carbonate, said evaporative pond being in contact with an ambient air at an ambient air temperature of more than 0° C., the method comprising the following steps: feeding part of the pond liquor to a heat exchanger; heating the pond liquor in the heat exchanger with heat and producing a heated pond liquor; feeding the heated pond liquor into a spraying device at a temperature called hereafter ‘operating temperature’ of at least 10° C. above the ambient air temperature; and spraying the heated pond liquor into an open area of the evaporative pond with the spraying device, so as to evaporate at least part of the water of the pond liquor when sprayed. 1. A method for increasing the evaporation rate of an evaporative pond comprising a pond liquor , said pond liquor comprising water and at least 1% by weight of sodium carbonate , said evaporative pond being in contact with an ambient air at an ambient air temperature of more than 0° C. , said method comprising the following steps:heating a heat exchanger, said heat exchanger comprising a heated part section and a heating part section, with solar energy so that the temperature of said heating part section is at least 15° C.;feeding at least a part of said pond liquor to said heated part section of said heat exchanger;heating said pond liquor in said heating part section of said heat exchanger to produce a heated pond liquor at an operating temperature of at least 10° C. above the ambient air temperature; andfeeding said heated pond liquor heated at the operating temperature into an open area of said evaporative pond so that part of the water of said pond liquor evaporates.2. The method according to wherein said pond liquor comprises at most 30% claim 1 , by weight of sodium carbonate.3. The method according to wherein said pond liquor comprises at most 4% by weight of sodium ...

LITHIUM CARBONATE PRODUCTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS

A method of forming lithium carbonate from a lithium-bearing solution including: 1. A method of forming lithium carbonate from a lithium-bearing solution including:evaporating the lithium-bearing solution to precipitate a first group of impurities;removing the first group of impurities to form a first purified solution; andperforming a flash crystallisation step within a predetermined temperature range to crystallise a second group of impurities from the first purified solution;removing the second group of impurities from the first solution to form a second purified solution, wherein at least 90 wt % of lithium is recovered from the first purified solution; andreacting the second purified solution with a metal carbonate to form lithium carbonate of at least 90 wt % purity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first group of impurities comprise calcium and/or sodium-containing salts.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second group of impurities comprise sodium claim 1 , potassium and boron-containing impurities.4. The method of claim 1 , including a filtering step to remove the first group of impurities formed during the evaporating step.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the evaporating step forms a first purified solution having a lithium concentration of at least 3 claim 1 ,000 ppm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein flash crystallisation step recovers at least 95 wt % of the lithium from the first purified solution.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flash crystallizing step is performed at a temperature ranging from 10-20° C.8. The method of claim 1 , including a filtering step to remove the second group of impurities formed during the crystallisation step.9. The method of claim 1 , including a second crystallisation step to separate sodium and potassium-containing impurities from the first purified solution.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flash crystallizing step forms a second purified solution having a lithium concentration of at least 5 claim 1 ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING A CARBOXYLIC ACID FROM A CO2 GAS STREAM

A method for generating a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide (CO), the method includes (a) feeding a gas stream having the COto a first reactor having a base (MOH) to produce bicarbonate (MHCO) and (b) feeding the MHCOgenerated in the first reactor to a second reactor disposed downstream from the first reactor. The second reactor includes a catalyst. The method also includes (c) contacting the MHCOwith hydrogen gas in the presence of the catalyst in the second reactor to produce formate (HCOOM) and (d) electrolysing an aqueous solution of a metal halide (MCl) in a chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor fluidly coupled to the first reactor, the second reactor, or both to produce at least a portion of the MOH, the hydrogen gas and Cl. The portion of the MOH is used in step (a) and the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH). 1. A method for generating a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide (CO) , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, '(a) feeding a gas stream comprising the COto a first reactor comprising a base (MOH) to produce bicarbonate (MHCO);'}{'sub': '3', '(b) feeding the MHCOgenerated in the first reactor to a second reactor disposed downstream from the first reactor, wherein the second reactor comprises a catalyst;'}{'sub': '3', '(c) contacting the MHCOwith hydrogen gas in the presence of the catalyst in the second reactor to produce formate (HCOOM); and'}{'sub': '2', '(d) electrolysing an aqueous solution of a metal halide (MCl) in a chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor fluidly coupled to the first reactor, the second reactor, or both to produce at least a portion of the MOH, the hydrogen gas and Cl, wherein the portion of the MOH is used in step (a), and wherein the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH).'}2. The method of claim 1 , comprising feeding the hydrogen gas and the Clproduced in the chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor to a converter disposed downstream from the chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor claim 1 , wherein the converter is configured to produce ...

INTEGRATED CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL AND AMMONIA-SODA PROCESS

The present invention relates to an method for producing sodium carbonate by integration of a carbon dioxide capture process with an ammonia-soda process. The present invention moreover relates to a plant for producing sodium carbonate comprising a carbon dioxide capture system and an ammonia-soda system. Uses of fluid streams generated in a carbon dioxide capture process in an ammonia-soda process is moreover disclosed. 1. A method for producing sodium carbonate , comprising integrating a carbon dioxide capture process with an ammonia-soda process , providing a process gas stream containing carbon dioxide;', 'removing carbon dioxide from the process gas stream by bringing the process gas stream into contact with an ammoniated solution to allow absorption of the carbon dioxide into the ammoniated solution to generate a solution enriched with carbon dioxide and a gas stream depleted in carbon dioxide and enriched in ammonia, and', 'removing carbon dioxide from the solution enriched with carbon dioxide by desorption to generate a carbon dioxide rich gas,, 'wherein the carbon dioxide capture process comprises 'reacting the carbon dioxide rich gas stream directly derived from the carbon dioxide capture process with an ammoniated brine solution to generate sodium bicarbonate, and converting the sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate.', 'and the ammonia-soda process comprises2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonia-sod'a process further comprises scrubbing the gas stream depleted in carbon dioxide and enriched in ammonia derived directly from the carbon dioxide removal step to generate a gas depleted in ammonia.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the process gas stream comprises at least partially of diluted carbon dioxide process gas generated in the ammonia-soda process.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide capture process further comprises utilizing a fluid containing ammonia generated in an ammonia-soda process as ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE COMPOSITION PARTICLES BASED ON SODIUM CARBONATE AND REACTIVE COMPOSITION PARTICLES

Process for the production of reactive composition particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate and having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m/g, according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate having a median particle size Dof less than 35 μm are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of at least 100° C. in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive composition particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising COand steam, the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage. 1. A process for producing reactive composition particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate and having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m/g , according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate having a median particle size Dof less than 35 μm , are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of greater than 100° C. in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination , the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain the reactive composition particles and a separated stream of hot gases comprising COand steam , the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of hot gases comprises at least 0.5% by weight ammonia.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of hot gases has a temperature of at least 130° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein time elapsed between bringing into contact and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 ...

DRY SORBENT INJECTION (DSI) RECOVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF

The invention generally relates to system and method for recovering sodium bicarbonate from a solid waste, and more particularly to a method and system for recovering sodium bicarbonate from fly ash of a coal fired plant collected downstream of an injection process for pollution reduction from the industrial process. 1. A method for recovering at least a portion of dry sorbent from a solid waste of an industrial process utilizing a dry sorbent injection process for pollution reduction , comprising the steps of:reacting the solid waste in at least one aqueous reaction to produce a reacted product; andreacting the reacted product with carbon dioxide to recover the portion of the dry sorbent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacted product comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid waste comprises at least one of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of reacting the solid waste further comprises the step of adding an alkaline earth metal hydroxide to the reacting step.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid waste comprises post DSI fly ash.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry sorbent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of trona claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium sequicarbonate and combinations of the same.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting the solid waste step does not include a reaction with ammonia.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting the reacted product with carbon dioxide step does not include a reaction with ammonia.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:separating solids from the liquids in the reacted product to produce a recycled fly ash.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the recycled fly ash comprises a sodium concentration less than a sodium concentration of the solid waste.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the recycled fly ash ...

Process for Treating a Sodium Carbonate Purge

A method for treating a purge stream derived from a sodium carbonate, sesquicarbonate, wegsheiderite, or bicarbonate crystallizer, 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purge stream comprises NaCOand/or NaHCOin a quantity of at least 9% total alkalinity expressed as equivalent weight NaCO.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purge stream comprises at most 33% NaCOor at most 16% NaHCO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purge stream comprises at most 15% NaCl or at most 10% NaSO.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of lime and of water present on step f) is controlled so that the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprises at least 6% NaOH.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of lime and of water present on step f) is controlled so that the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprises at most 14% NaOH.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of water removed at step h) is adapted so that the concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprises at most 7% NaCl and/or at most 2.5% NaSO.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purge stream is a purge derived from a decahydrate sodium carbonate crystallizer claim 1 , or from a sodium sesquicarbonate crystallizer.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the decahydrate sodium carbonate crystallizer claim 8 , or the sodium sesquicarbonate crystallizer are crystallizers wherein a purge from a sodium carbonate monohydrate crystallizer is treated in order to control the sodium chloride and/or the sodium sulfate of the sodium monohydrate crystallizer.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purge stream comprises sodium chloride claim 1 , and lime added at step f) and water removed at step h) are controlled so that the weight ratio of sodium carbonate to the sum of the sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate in crystallized solid is preferably at most 2.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sodium carbonate salt is sodium carbonate monohydrate claim 11 ,and wherein the carbonate/bicarbonate solution ...

Method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate

A method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate by crystallization from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution, selected from the sulfates, sulfonates, the polysulfonates, the mines, the hydroxysultaines, the polycarboxylates, the polysaccharides, the polyethers and the etherphenols, alkali metal hexametaphosphate, the phosphates such as the organophosphates or the phosphonates, the sulfosuccinates, the amido-sulfonates, the aminosulfonates, preferably selected from: the phosphates, the organophosphates or the phosphonates, and such that the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm and preferably of at most 200 ppm. 1. A method for preparing , by crystallization , alkali metal bicarbonate particles starting from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution , wherein:the additive is selected from the group consisting of:sulfates, in particular sodium sulfate and organosulfates;sulfonates;polysulfonates;hydroxysultaines;polycarboxylates;polysaccharides;polyethers and ether-phenols;sulfosuccinates;amidosulfonates;aminosulfonates;alkali metal hexametaphosphate in particular of sodium or potassium; andphosphates, in particular organophosphates, and phosphonates;and the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the additive is present at a concentration of at most 200 ppm.6. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein crystallization of the alkali metal bicarbonate particles is carried out by cooling the solution.7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein cooling of the solution is carried out between 70° and 30° C.8. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein crystallization of the alkali metal bicarbonate particles is carried out by carbonation of the solution with carbon dioxide.9. The ...

CHEMICAL SEQUESTERING OF CO2, NOx and SO2

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) (collectively NOR, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO, NOx and SO. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO, NOx and SOinto compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value. 1. A method of chemically sequestering carbon dioxide (CO) by a loop sequence , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) providing a mixture of CO, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and water (HO) in one or more reaction chambers;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2, 'b) reacting COwith LiOH to generate lithium carbonate (LiCO) and water (HO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'c) reacting LiCOwith NaOH or KOH to generate LiOH, and sodium carbonate (NaCO) or potassium carbonate (KCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'd) reacting NaCOor KCOwith COand HO to generate sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) or potassium bicarbonate (KHCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 3', '3', '3', '3, 'e) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaHCOor KHCOto precipitate, and removing the precipitated NaHCOor KHCOfrom the solution;'}f) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;{'sub': '2', 'g) optionally adding NaOH or KOH, and/or HO to the mixture; and'}{'sub': '2', 'h) adding COto the mixture in the one or more reaction chambers and reacting the mixture according to step b to complete the loop sequence.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol solvent is tert-butanol or methanol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein COis ...

METHOD OF MAKING SODIUM CARBONATE AND/OR SODIUM BICARBONATE

A method of making sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate is disclosed in which carbon dioxide gas is reacted with an aqueous solution sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of a compound of the formula (I): Na[X—O]where X is Cl, Br, or I. 1. A system for producing sodium carbonate , comprising:(a) an electrical cell reactor for electrolysis of a solution comprising sodium chloride, comprising a cathode chamber and an anode chamber separated by a membrane, an outlet connected to the anode chamber that collects chlorine gas from the anode chamber, and an outlet connected to the cathode chamber configured that collects an aqueous solution comprising sodium hydroxide from the cathode chamber;(b) a reactor that reacts a liquid comprising the aqueous solution collected from the cathode chamber in (a) with a gas comprising chlorine collected from the anode chamber in (a) to produce sodium hypochlorite; and(c) a carbonation reactor that reacts an aqueous liquid comprising the aqueous solution collected from the cathode chamber in (a) and sodium hypochlorite produced in (b) with a gas comprising carbon dioxide to produce sodium carbonate.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid in (b) comprises less than 25 wt. % sodium hydroxide claim 1 , based on the total aqueous solution weight.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid in (b) comprises less than or equal to 23 wt. % sodium hydroxide claim 1 , based on the total aqueous solution weight.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid in (b) comprises less than or equal to 20 wt. % sodium hydroxide claim 1 , based on the total aqueous solution weight.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid in (b) comprises at least 25 wt. % sodium hydroxide claim 1 , based on the total aqueous solution weight.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the carbonation reactor in (c) is at a temperature less than 100° C. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/015, ...

TREATMENT METHOD FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION OF COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS

A treatment method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of combustion exhaust gas includes: a caustic soda synthesis step; a treatment step of reducing carbon dioxide emission of combustion exhaust gas; and a recycling step. In the caustic soda synthesis step, a natural sodium carbonate aqueous solution (NaCO) prepared by dissolving natural sodium carbonate ore powder composed of NaCOand NaHCOin a caustic soda aqueous solution is used to generate a caustic soda aqueous solution and calcium carbonate precipitate by a causticization reaction with slaked lime, and solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain a synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution. In the treatment step, the synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution and purified combustion exhaust gas are brought into gas-liquid countercurrent contact so that carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is absorbed by the synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution and immobilized as sodium carbonate. 1. (canceled)2. A caustic soda synthesis method for synthesizing a caustic soda aqueous solution from a natural sodium carbonate ore , the method comprising:a causticization reaction step of generating a caustic soda aqueous solution and calcium carbonate precipitate by a causticization reaction of adding slaked lime to the natural sodium carbonate aqueous solution obtained by being refined by a method for refining natural sodium carbonate ore consisting of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, the method including a pulverization step of pulverizing natural sodium carbonate ore, a conversion step of dissolving the pulverized sodium carbonate ore in a caustic soda aqueous solution to convert the sodium bicarbonate as a component into sodium carbonate, and a filtration step of filtering the aqueous solution after conversion and removing water-insoluble components to obtain a natural sodium carbonate aqueous solution;a solid-liquid separation step of performing solid-liquid separation on the caustic soda aqueous solution and the ...

Method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate

A method for preparing particles of alkali metal bicarbonate by crystallization from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution, selected from the sulfates, sulfonates, the polysulfonates, the amines, the hydroxysultaines, the polycarboxylates, the polysaccharides, the polyethers and the ether-phenols, alkali metal hexametaphosphate, the phosphates, the sulfosuccinates, the amidosulfonates, the aminosulfonates, preferably selected from the polycarboxylates having a mean molecular weight lower than 8000 g/mol, and such that the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm and preferably of at most 200 ppm. 1. A method for preparing , by crystallization , alkali metal bicarbonate particles starting from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution , wherein: sulfates, in particular sodium sulfate and organosulfates;', 'sulfonates;', 'polysulfonates;', 'amines, in particular primary amines, cyclic amines, quaternary amines comprising at least one carboxylic acid group;', 'hydroxysultaines;', 'polysaccharides;', 'polyethers and ether-phenols;', 'sulfosuccinates;', 'amidosulfonates;', 'aminosulfonates;', 'alkali metal hexametaphosphate in particular of sodium or potassium;', 'phosphates, in particular organophosphates, and phosphonates;, 'the additive is selected from the following compoundsand the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm.2. A method for preparing , by crystallization , alkali metal bicarbonate particles starting from a solution of alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate in the presence of an additive in the solution ,wherein the additive is a polycarboxylate; andwherein the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the additive is a polycarboxylate selected from the following compounds: polyacrylates ...

METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLY(ARYL ETHER KETONE)S IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM CARBONATE

A method for the preparation of a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) includes: preparing the PEEK by aromatic nucleophilic substitution in the presence of: a) particulate sodium carbonate (NaCO), wherein said particulate sodium carbonate has a particle size distribution as follows: D≧45 μm and D≦250 μm and D≦710 μm, wherein said particle size distribution is measured by mechanical sieving in accordance with ASTM E 359-00 (reapproved 2005), wherein said measurement is based on the mechanical separation of various fractions on a series of superimposed sieves which are superimposed by descending order of opening mesh of 1000 μm, 500 μm, 250 μm, 180 μm, 125 μm, 90 μm, 63 μm, and 45 μm; and b) potassium carbonate (KCO) in an amount ranging from 0.001 to about 0.05 mol K/mol Na. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for the preparation of a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) , comprising:preparing the PEEK by aromatic nucleophilic substitution in the presence of:{'sub': 2', '3, 'claim-text': {'sub': 90', '90', '99.5, 'wherein said particulate sodium carbonate has a particle size distribution as follows: D≧45 μm and D≦250 μm and D≦710 μm, wherein said particle size distribution is measured by mechanical sieving in accordance with ASTM E 359-00 (reapproved 2005), wherein said measurement is based on the mechanical separation of various fractions on a series of superimposed sieves which are superimposed by descending order of opening mesh of 1000 μm, 500 μm, 250 μm, 180 μm, 125 μm, 90 μm, 63 μm, and 45 μm; and'}, 'a) particulate sodium carbonate (NaCO),'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'b) potassium carbonate (KCO) in an amount ranging from 0.001 to about 0.05 mol K/mol Na.'}17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said particulate sodium carbonate has a particle size distribution as follows: D≧63 μm and D≦250 μm.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said particulate sodium carbonate has a particle size distribution as follows: D≦212 μm and D≧45.19. The method according to claim 16 , ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY LITHIUM CARBONATE AND BARIUM SULFATE FROM DISCARDED LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERIES

Disclosed is a method of producing high-purity lithium carbonate and barium sulfate from discarded lithium secondary batteries, including: a first process for producing high-purity lithium phosphate from a discarded battery; and a second process for producing lithium sulfate from the lithium phosphate and producing lithium carbonate and barium sulfate from the lithium sulfate. The second process has steps of (a) producing a liquid mixture of lithium phosphate and sulfuric acid, (b) obtaining lithium sulfate by condensing the liquid mixture, (c) dissolving the lithium sulfate in water or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, depositing phosphoric acid as lithium phosphate, and performing solid-liquid separation (d) depositing lithium carbonate and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain lithium carbonate, (e) finely grinding the lithium carbonate and classifying the particles, (f) controlling a particle size and shape by dissloving edges of particles or minute particles, (g) performing solid-liquid separation, and (h) depositing barium sulfate. 1. A method of producing high-purity lithium carbonate and barium sulfate from discarded lithium secondary batteries , the method comprising:(I) producing high-purity lithium phosphate from a discarded lithium secondary battery; and(II) producing high-purity lithium sulfate from the high-purity lithium phosphate and producing high-purity lithium carbonate and barium sulfate from the high-purity lithium sulfate,wherein step (III) comprises(a) mixing high-purity lithium phosphate from step (I) and a sulfuric acid aqueous solution to produce a liquid mixture,(b) condensing the liquid mixture of step (a) and performing solid-liquid separation on the liquid mixture to obtain high purity lithium sulfate solid,(c) dissolving the high-purity lithium sulfate solid in water or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a pH value of 12 or higher, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium sulfate aqueous solution and ...

(MELT-) EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKALI METAL CARBONATE, BICARBONATE AND SESQUICARBONATE FORMULATIONS USING A MELTED FUNCTIONALIZING AGENT

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a formulation comprising an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bicarbonate salts, alkali metal carbonate salts, alkali metal sesquicarbonate salts and combinations thereof, wherein said process comprises the step of extruding a paste-like composition comprising a functionalizing agent and the metal salt. The invention furthermore relates to a formulation obtainable from said process and to the use of this formulation in various applications such as in plastic foaming or in food and feed leavening compositions. 1. A process for preparing a formulation comprising an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bicarbonate salts , alkali metal carbonate salts , alkali metal sesquicarbonate salts and combinations thereof , wherein said process comprises the steps of:(a1) melting a functionalizing agent to a temperature above the melting point of the functionalizing agent to obtain a melted functionalizing agent, and mixing the melted functionalizing agent with the alkali metal salt to obtain a paste-like composition; or(a2) mixing the functionalizing agent and the alkali metal salt to obtain a mixture, and heating the mixture to a temperature above the melting point of the functionalizing agent to melt the functionalizing agent within the mixture and to obtain a paste-like composition; or(a3) mixing the functionalizing agent and the alkali metal salt to obtain a mixture, and, to obtain the formulation,(b1) extruding or melt-extruding the paste-like composition obtained in step (a1) or (a2), or(b2) melt-extruding the mixture obtained in step (a3) at a temperature above the melting point of the functionalizing agent to melt the functionalizing agent to obtain a paste-like composition during extrusion,wherein the paste-like composition undergoing extrusion comprises at least 25% by weight of said alkali metal salt, based on the total weight of the composition ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BICARBONATE SALT PARTICLES

The present disclosure relates to a method for chemically modifying particles of a bicarbonate salt in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and chemically modified bicarbonate particles prepared therefrom. The present disclosure also relates to a method for controlling an amount of carbonate salt formed during chemical modification of bicarbonate salt particles. 1. A chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound comprising:{'sub': 'w', 'a bicarbonate salt and a carbonate salt, wherein a 5% aqueous solution of the chemically modified bicarbonate salt particles has pH in the range of 9.25 to 9.6, and water activity (a) in the range of 0.05 to 0.3.'}2. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the pH of 5% aqueous solution of the particles has standard deviation of not more than 0.1 claim 1 , wherein the standard deviation is calculated by measuring the pH of at least 10 equal aliquots of the chemically modified bicarbonate salt particles.3. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the bicarbonate salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , potassium bicarbonate claim 1 , calcium bicarbonate and combinations thereof.4. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the particle comprise about 3% to 40% (w/w) of the carbonate salt.5. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises about 11% to 14% (w/w) of the carbonate salt.6. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises about 15% to 19% (w/w) of the carbonate salt.7. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises about 26% to 29% (w/w) of the carbonate salt.8. The chemically modified bicarbonate salt particle compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises about 35% to 39% (w/w) of the carbonate salt.9. ...

METHOD TO PREPARE ONE OR MORE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS USING HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Hydrogen sulfide is scrubbed from a gas stream to prepare dissolved alkali metal sulfide or hydrosulfide, which is used to prepare feed electrolyte solution for electrochemical processing to generate alkali metal hydroxide in catholyte and polysulfide in anolyte, which may be recovered from an electrochemical reactor and which may be subjected to further processing to precipitate elemental sulfur. Aqueous scrubbing solution may include alkali metal carbonate capture agent to capture hydrogen sulfide in alkali metal bicarbonate The gas stream may include carbon dioxide in addition to hydrogen sulfide, and a ratio of dissolved alkali metal carbonate to bicarbonate may be increased prior to electrochemical processing. 1. A method to prepare one or more chemical products using hydrogen sulfide , the method comprising:scrubbing hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream and preparing an aqueous liquid comprising sulfur from at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide removed from the gas stream captured in the aqueous liquid in dissolved material selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfide, alkali metal hydrosulfide and combinations thereof;preparing a feed of electrolyte solution comprising at least a portion of the aqueous liquid including at least a portion of the captured sulfur in a form of such dissolved material;electrochemical processing the feed of electrolyte solution to generate in an electrochemical reactor dissolved alkali metal hydroxide in catholyte and dissolved polysulfide in anolyte, wherein the dissolved polysulfide comprises at least a portion of the captured sulfur.recovering at least a portion of the anolyte comprising dissolved polysulfide from the electrochemical reactor.2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising treating at least a portion of the recovered anolyte outside of the electrochemical reactor to convert at least a portion of sulfur of the polysulfide into elemental sulfur precipitate; andafter the treating, separating the ...

BUFFER-FREE PROCESS CYCLE FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION AND CARBONATE PRODUCTION FROM BRINE WASTE STREAMS WITH HIGH SALINITY

A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt. 1. A method comprising:using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions;using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; andintroducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the divalent ions includes introducing the chelating agent to the brine solution claim 1 , followed by subjecting the brine solution to filtration.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein subjecting the brine solution to filtration is performed by ultrafiltration claim 2 , nanofiltration claim 2 , or reverse osmosis.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein subjecting the brine solution to filtration includes producing a retentate solution including the complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein regenerating the chelating agent includes introducing the weak acid to the retentate solution to induce precipitation of the ...

Production of crystalline sodium bicarbonate using CO2 recovered from another alkali production process

A process for the joint production of crystalline sodium bicarbonate and another alkali compound, in which the step for producing such alkali compound generates COas a byproduct, at least a portion of which is used as a feed to the sodium bicarbonate production step. The produced alkali compound is preferably crystalline sodium sulfite. The joint production process preferably employs as feedstock one or more sodium carbonate liquors derived from trona ore. A gas feed which contains CObyproduct is subjected to a gas treatment which may include water removal and/or compression before it is used to produce sodium bicarbonate crystals from a sodium carbonate liquor. Such gas feed may comprise a reactor offgas exiting a sulfite reactor; a vent gas exiting a feed or surge tank; a decarbonation gas exiting a decarbonation unit; a vent gas vented from a crystallizer heater; or combinations of two or more thereof. 1. A process for co-production of at least two crystalline alkali products , one of which being sodium bicarbonate , said process comprising:{'sub': '2', 'A/ forming a desired crystalline alkali product in an alkali production system from which a gas effluent comprising carbon dioxide (CO) exits;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'B/ treating at least a portion of said gas effluent comprising COto form a treated gas effluent comprising CO; and'}{'sub': '2', 'C/ reacting at least a portion of said COfrom said treated gas effluent with sodium carbonate under conversion promoting conditions to produce an aqueous suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said gas effluent comprising carbon dioxide (CO) exiting from said alkali production system is generated in step A/ by decarbonating a liquor comprising carbon dioxide (CO) and said desired alkali product in a vessel to form a decarbonated liquor claim 1 , said decarbonated liquor being used to form crystals of said alkali product.3. The process according to ...

Methods of producing alkali metal carbonates, and systems for practicing the same

Methods of producing an alkali metal carbonates are provided. Aspects of the methods include concentrating a bicarbonate containing aqueous medium to generate a bicarbonate rich product and then combining the concentrated bicarbonate rich product with an alkali metal ion source, optionally in the presence of a source of CO 2 , under conditions sufficient to product an alkali metal carbonate, e.g., sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Also provided herein are systems that find use in practicing the subject methods.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SODIUM CARBONATE/BICARBONATE

Process wherein a low COcontent process gas generated by an ammonia-soda process unit or a refined sodium bicarbonate unit is enriched by using a Temperature Swing Adsorption COconcentration module into a COenriched gas whose COcontent is increased by at least +10% by volume on dry gas basis relative to the process gas, and which is subsequently recycled to the ammonia-soda process unit or optionally to the refined sodium bicarbonate unit, in order: to produce sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, or to carbonate at least part of effluent from the unit for producing sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. The TSA COconcentration module comprises a stator and a rotor connected to the stator and rotatable relatively to the stator about a rotational axis, the rotor comprising a plurality of sectors, each sector containing a separation device to separate at least part of the COfrom the process gas which is led into the separation device, and each sector being fluidically connected with at least one rotary active valve. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has an increased COconcentration of at most +90 by volume on a dry gas basis relative to the COconcentration of the low COcontent process gas.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 95% by volume on a dry gas basis.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 90% by volume on a dry gas basis.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 80% by volume on a dry gas basis.6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 70% by volume on a dry gas basis.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 60% by volume on a dry gas basis.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the CO-enriched gas has a COconcentration of at most 45% ...

IMPROVED ELECTRON TRANSFER COMPOSITION FOR USE IN AN ELECTRON INJECTION LAYER FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES

The present invention relates to a novel electron transfer composition comprising one or more metal ion comprising compound, the use of such electron transfer composition in organic electronic devices, particularly in photodiodes, as well as such organic electronic devices, particularly photodiodes. 1. Electron transfer composition comprising one or more metal ion comprising compound.2. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the metal ion is selected from cesium ions claim 1 , barium ions or a blend of these.3. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the electron transfer composition comprises one or more compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides claim 1 , metal carbonates claim 1 , metal hydroxides claim 1 , and metal carboxylates.4. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the electron transfer composition comprises one or more compound selected from the group consisting of CsO claim 1 , CsCO claim 1 , CsOH claim 1 , BaO claim 1 , BaCO claim 1 , Ba(OH) claim 1 , Cs-carboxylate claim 1 , and Ba-carboxylate.5. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the electron transfer composition comprises one or more compound selected from the group consisting of CsCO claim 1 , CsOH claim 1 , and Cs-carboxylate.6. Electron transfer composition according to claim 3 , wherein the metal carboxylate is an organic compound comprising at least one group —COOM claim 3 , wherein M=Cs or M=0.5 Ba.9. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the electron transfer composition comprises CsCO.10. Electron transfer composition according to further comprising one or more compounds or polymers having semiconducting claim 1 , charge transport claim 1 , hole/electron transport claim 1 , hole/electron blocking claim 1 , electrically conducting claim 1 , photoconducting or light emitting properties.11. Electron transfer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer ...

Complexometric Precursors Formulation Methodology for Industrial Production of High Performance Fine and Ultrafine Powders and Nanopowders for Specialized Applications

A method of forming a powder M j X p wherein M j is a positive ion or several positive ions selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or transition metal; and X p is a monoatomic or a polyatomic anion selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA; called complexometric precursor formulation or CPF. The method includes the steps of: providing a first reactor vessel with a first gas diffuser and an first agitator; providing a second reactor vessel with a second gas diffuser and a second agitator; charging the first reactor vessel with a first solution comprising a first salt of M j ; introducing gas into the first solution through the first gas diffuser, charging the second reactor vessel with a second solution comprising a salt of M p ; adding the second solution to the first solution to form a complexcelle; drying the complexcelle, to obtain a dry powder; and calcining the dried powder of said M j X p .

PROCESS FOR TREATING A SODIUM CARBONATE PURGE

Concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprising: at least 25% by weight of NaOH, sodium chloride (NaCl) and/or sodium sulfate (NaSO), and one soluble impurity from a sodium carbonate or bicarbonate ore deposit, said soluble impurity being selected among: As, Ba, B, Ca, Co, K, Li, Mg, Mo, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sr, Te, Tl, Ti, V, W, and the soluble impurity being in specific concentrations ranges. And process for producing such concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution by treating a purge stream comprising sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. 2. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least one soluble impurity from ore deposits claim 1 , said soluble impurity comprising at least one of the following elements selected from the group consisting of: Be claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , and Sn claim 1 ,and said aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprising 2.4 mg Be/kg, or less than 0.8 mg Bi/kg, or less than 0.24 mg Cu/kg, or at most 4.2 mg Sn/kg.3. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least 560 and at most 1160 mg B/kg.4. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least 6187 and at most 12 360 mg K/kg.5. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least 114 and at most 460 mg P expressed as PO4/kg.6. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least 187 and at most 1970 mg Si/kg.7. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , comprising at least 3200 and at most 6684 mg S expressed as SO4/kg.8. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the ore deposit is a trona ore deposit.9. The concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution according to claim 1 , obtainable by causticizing a purge stream derived from an anhydrous sodium carbonate crystallizer claim 1 , or a sodium ...

EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKALI METAL CARBONATE, BICARBONATE AND SESQUICARBONATE FORMULATIONS USING A DISSOLVED FUNCTIONALIZING AGENT

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a formulation comprising an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bicarbonate salts, alkali metal carbonate salts, alkali metal sesquicarbonate salts and combinations thereof, wherein said process comprises: (a) dissolving a functionalizing agent in a solvent; (b) mixing the alkali metal salt with the solution comprising the functionalizing agent that a paste-like composition is formed; (c) extruding the paste-like composition to obtain filaments or granules; (d) at least partially removing the solvent from the filaments or granules. The invention furthermore relates to a powder, filaments and granules obtainable from said process and to the use of the powder, filaments or granules in various applications such as in plastic foaming or in food and feed leavening compositions. 1. A process for preparing a formulation comprising an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bicarbonate salts , alkali metal carbonate salts , alkali metal sesquicarbonate salts and combinations thereof , wherein said process comprises:(a) dissolving a functionalizing agent in a solvent to obtain a solution comprising the functionalizing agent;(b) mixing the alkali metal salt with the solution comprising the functionalizing agent in a weight ratio so that a paste-like composition comprising the alkali metal salt and the functionalizing agent is formed;(c) extruding the paste-like composition to obtain a powder, filaments or granules comprising the solvent, the alkali metal salt and the functionalizing agent; and(d) at least partially removing the solvent from the powder, filaments or granules to obtain a powder, filaments or granules comprising the alkali metal salt and the functionalizing agent,wherein the functionalizing agent is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol (PVOH), a polyglycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polysaccharide, polyacrylic acid ...

Additive Composition And Composition Binding Agent For Superhard Material And Preparation Thereof, And Self-Sharpening Diamond Grinding Wheel And Preparation Thereof

Disclosed are an additive raw material composition and an additive for superhard material product, a method for preparing the additive, a composite binding agent, a superhard material product, a self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing the same. The raw material composition consisting of components in following mass percentage: Bi2O3 25%˜40%, B2O3 25%˜40%, ZnO 5%˜25%, SiO2 2%˜10%, Al2O3 2%˜10%, Na2CO3 1%˜5%, Li2CO3 1%˜5%, MgCO3 0%˜5%, and CaF2 1%˜5%. The composite binding agent is prepared from the additive and a metal composite binding agent. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel prepared from the composite binding agent has high self-sharpness, high strength, and fine texture, is uniformly consumed during the grinding process, does not need to be trimmed during the process of being used, and maintains good grinding force all the time, fundamentally solving the problems of long trimming time and high trimming cost of the diamond grinding wheel. 1. An additive raw material composition for a superhard material product , consisting of components in a mass percentage as follows:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'BiO25%˜40%, BO25%˜40%, ZnO 5%˜25%, SiO2%˜10%, AlO2%˜10%, NaCO1%˜5%, LiCO1%˜5%, MgCO0%˜5%, and CaF1%˜5%.'}2. An additive for a superhard material product , made from raw materials in a mass percentage as follows:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '7', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'BiO 25%˜40%, BO25%˜40%, ZnO 5%˜25%, SiO2%˜10%, AlO2%˜10%, NaCO1%˜5%, LiCO1%˜5%, MgCO0%˜5%, and CaF1%˜5%.'}3. A method for preparing the additive according to claim 2 , comprising steps of:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3, '1) mixing BiO, BO, ZnO, SiO, AlO, NaCO, LiCO, and MgCOof the mass percentages, heating up to 1200˜1400° C. and keeping temperature for 1˜3 h to provide a mixture;'}{'sub': '2', '2) cooling the mixture obtained in Step 1) to 850˜950° C., adding CaFof the formula ratio ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS USING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS FOR PROCESSING METAL SULFATE COMPOUNDS FROM MINE WASTE AND SEQUESTERING CO2

Systems and methods are provided for processing metal sulfate compounds and sequestering CO. These systems and processes involve one or more electrochemical cells for producing an alkali-containing catholyte and involve a COabsorption reactor operatively connected to the electrochemical cell and to a COsource. The COabsorption reactor receives the alkali-containing catholyte and COgas for forming an alkaline carbonate solution. The alkaline carbonate solution is directed to a vessel where it reacts with an acidic sulfate solution comprising metal ions resulting in precipitation of solid metal carbonate compounds. The acidic sulfate solution may comprise sulfide leachates from acid mine drainage, sulfide mine tailings and/or reacted pyrite concentrate. The acidic sulfate solution may be circulated through an optional SOreduction reactor prior to reaction in the vessel. The SOreduction reactor reduces trivalent metal compounds present in the acidic sulfate solution to divalent metal compounds. 1. A system for processing metal sulfate compounds and sequestering CO , comprising:an electrochemical cell producing an alkali-containing catholyte;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a COabsorption reactor operatively connected to said electrochemical cell and to a source of CO, said COabsorption reactor receiving said alkali-containing catholyte and said COfor forming an alkaline carbonate solution; and'}a vessel for receiving an acidic solution containing metal sulfate compounds and for receiving said alkaline carbonate solution, said vessel allowing precipitation of solid metal carbonate compounds.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said alkaline carbonate compound solution comprises at least one of carbonate ions claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said acidic sulfate solution comprises sulfide leachates from acid mine drainage claim 1 , sulfide mine ...

Methods for Reducing Moisture Content in Alkaline Earth Metal Carbonates

Methods for reducing moisture content of alkaline earth metal carbonate may include introducing alkaline earth metal carbonate having a moisture content ranging from about 0.1% by mass to about 10% by mass into a primary crusher and operating the primary crusher to obtain alkaline earth metal carbonate particles having a top cut particle size d90 of 90 microns or less. The method may also include introducing the particles into a primary grinder and operating the primary grinder to obtain reduced-size alkaline earth metal carbonate particles having a median particle size d50 of about 60 microns or less. The method may further include introducing the reduced-size particles into a classifier mill and operating the classifier mill to obtain further-reduced-size alkaline earth metal carbonate particles having a median particle size d50 of about 12 microns or less, and a moisture content of about 0.15% by mass or less.

DRUG COMPOSITIONS

Described herein are pharmaceutical compositions including a proton pump inhibitor and an antiparasitic drug. In some embodiments, the compositions can be formulated as a non-solid for oral administration. The compositions can be used to treat gastrointestinal conditions. Methods of treatment using the compositions are also described. 1. A method of treating a gastrointestinal ulcer , the method comprising:administering a composition including a proton pump inhibitor and an antiparasitic drug to a mammal having the gastrointestinal ulcer, andtreating the gastrointestinal ulcer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proton pump inhibitor is omeprazole.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proton pump inhibitor is present at a concentration of about 22% w/v.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antiparasitic drug is fenbendazole.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antiparasitic drug is present at a concentration of about 30% w/v.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is performed using an oral syringe.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is a human claim 1 , a horse claim 1 , or a camel.8. A method of forming a composition claim 1 , the method comprising:mixing a combination including a proton pump inhibitor and an antiparasitic drug in a melted base agent to form the composition.918. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein the melted base agent is polyethylene glycol.1018. The method of claim claim 1 , further including mixing a preservative claim 1 , wetting agent claim 1 , or a preservative and a wetting agent. This application is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/675,435, filed Aug. 11, 2017, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/373,871, filed Aug. 11, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.Described herein are compositions including combination therapy for treating gastrointestinal conditions.Described herein are pharmaceutical ...

Method of making sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate

A method of making sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate is disclosed in which carbon dioxide gas is reacted with an aqueous solution sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of a compound of the formula (I): Na + [X—O] − where X is Cl, Br, or I.

Fueling Station Sump Dehumidifying System

Systems and methods for preventing biocorrosion of fuel handling components located in a sump in a fuel dispensing environment. One method includes exposing a hygroscopic material to moisture-laden air in the sump such that the hygroscopic material deliquesces into a liquid solution and exposing a buffer material to ethanol-blended fuel vapors in the sump. The method also includes collecting the liquid solution in a reservoir and monitoring the level of the liquid solution in the reservoir using a liquid level sensor. Further, the method includes notifying service personnel of the level of the liquid solution in the reservoir. 1. A system for use in a fuel dispensing environment sump , the system comprising:fuel piping extending from at least one storage tank to at least one fuel dispenser;fuel handling equipment in fluid communication with the fuel piping, the fuel handling equipment at least partially enclosed by the sump;a hygroscopic material disposed in and exposed to air in the sump, the sump comprising a reservoir disposed beneath the hygroscopic material; anda buffer material having a pH greater than 7, the buffer material disposed in and exposed to air in the sump.2. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 1 , wherein the hygroscopic material is disposed within a first housing.3. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 2 , wherein the buffer material is disposed within a second housing.4. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a gasoline-ethanol blend.5. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid level detector coupled with the reservoir.6. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 5 , further comprising a tank monitor in electronic communication with the liquid level detector.7. The fuel dispensing environment of claim 6 , further comprising a relative humidity sensor disposed within the sump claim 6 , the relative humidity sensor in electronic communication with the tank monitor.8. The fuel ...

Scent preventer

A scent preventer comprising sodium bicarbonate and methods of its use are disclosed comprising an odorless plastic bag into which, prior to going into the field, the clothes of a hunter are inserted together with the scent preventer of a measured amount of sodium bicarbonate (Na HCO3). Then the bag is closed, shaked, and stored for up to two days prior to removal of the clothes of the hunter which are thereby rendered odor and scent free. 1. A scent protecter comprising sodium bicarbonate powder for use by a hunter before going into the field so as to prevent the sensing of the hunter by the game being hunted.2. A method for using sodium bicarbonate powder as a scent protecter for hunters comprising:sprinkling the sodium bicarbonate powder onto the clothes of the hunter,placing the sprinkled clothes into an odorless plastic container.closing the plastic container,shaking the closed plastic container; andremoving the clothes from the plastic container for wearing by the hunter before the hunter goes into the field so as to prevent the odor and scent of the hunter not being sensed by the game. being hunted. Every experienced hunter knows that game animals have a very highly developed sense of smell. Such game animals as deer. elk, moose, etc. are able to detect the windborne scent of a hunter, his clothes and equipment from a far distance, which results in the game animals running away and out of range from the area of the hunter. Therefore, the hunter must, often with difficulty and strenuous exertion, circle the game so that he is downwind.from the animal in order that it can not detect his odor or scent.There are over 12.5 million hunters, in the United States alone, who spend over 22 billion dollars per year in an attempt to prevent equipment scent, cover scent, scent eliminators and lures. With nearly 12.5 million hunters in the United States, spending nearly 220 million days in the woods, fields, and wetlands each year, they are individually spending nearly $1, ...

A METHOD OF RECOVERING METALS FROM SPENT Li-ION BATTERIES

The present invention relates to an improved process and method of recovering metals of value from used Lithium Ion batteries. More particularly, the invention provides a method for recovering cobalt and lithium along with other metals of value wherein the method majorly includes physical processes for separation, limiting the use of chemical for removing minor impurities. Majority of elements were separated by physical process instead of chemical process which gives the benefit of cost saving in chemical treatment of liquid and solid effluents. Chemicals are used to dissolve only minor impurities from electrolyte which lead to the process economically attractive. This makes the method of recovering metal values is environment friendly. The invention provides for a cost effective, economic and environmental friendly process for recovering metals of value. 1. A process for recovering valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries comprising the steps of:a) shredding the lithium ion batteries into particles of a preferable size, in water, with water level well above the level of the batteries being shredded to obtain a slurry and shredded plastic and Teflon matrix;b) removing the plastic and Teflon matrix that floats on the water in step a);c) wet screening the slurry obtained in step a) through sieve of at least fifty mesh size to separate particles of varying sizes; wherein coarser particles containing copper, aluminum and protection circuit modules form screened slurry containing solids are retained by the sieve and collected, and finer particles containing lithium and cobalt are aggregated;d) filtering the lithium and cobalt containing aggregate of step c) through a filter press to obtain a wash liquor containing lithium and a residue containing cobalt, metal impurities and organic matrix;e) drying the residue of step d) and roasting the dried residue at 900° C. to obtain cobalt oxide;f) washing and filtering the cobalt oxide of step e) with dilute acid solution ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL CARBONATE AND CATALYST FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A method for producing metal carbonate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps of providing a first mixture of metal and a catalyst containing iron, NO groups, and N-containing ligands first; then introducing carbon dioxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture and obtaining a product. The method described here can improve the yield and decrease the cost of metal carbonate production. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising step (C) drying or filtering the second mixture to collect the product of step (B).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal is Na claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , or the combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (B) is performed at room temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare the same.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare the same.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare the same.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare hydrogen claim 1 , or methyl.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,7 claim 1 ,10 claim 1 ,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine10. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is triethylenetetramine11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution of a catalyst in step (A) is an aqueous solution claim 1 , or organic solution.13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein Rand Rare the same.14. The compound of claim 12 , wherein Rand Rare the same.15. The compound of claim 12 , wherein Rand Rare the same.16. The compound of claim 12 , wherein R claim 12 , R claim 12 , R claim 12 , R claim 12 , R claim 12 , and Rare hydrogen claim 12 , or methyl.17. The compound of claim 12 , wherein L is 1 claim 12 ,1 claim 12 ,4 claim 12 ,7 claim 12 ,10 claim 12 ,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine18. The compound of claim 12 , wherein L is triethylenetetramine.19. The compound of claim 12 , which is used for catalyzing the reaction for producing metal carbonate.20. The compound ...

Highly Robust Efficient Catalyst For Selective Dehydrogenation Of Neat Glycerol To Lactic Acid

A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts: 2. The organometallic complex of wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of beryllium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , germanium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , technetium claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , silver claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , indium claim 1 , tin claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , promethium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , gadolimium claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , thalium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , rhenium claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , gold claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , thallium claim 1 , lead claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , polonium claim 1 , thorium claim 1 , protactinium claim 1 , uranium claim 1 , neptunium claim 1 , and plutonium.3. The organometallic complex of wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , and iron.4. The organometallic complex of wherein M is iridium.5. The organometallic complex of wherein Ris mesityl claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , sec-butyl claim 1 , or t-butyl.6. The organometallic complex of wherein Ris mesityl or methyl.7. The organometallic complex of wherein Rare independently an optionally substituted ...

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: a solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0.1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; the resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; the first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; and a part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized. A reagent powder comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals made by such process. 1. A method for reducing the amount of alkali lost in evaporative ponds which are fed with a purge liquor containing such alkali , comprising:contacting said purge liquor with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, said purge liquor being a part of a mother liquor taken out of a sodium carbonate crystallizer and comprising at least 175 g/kg sodium carbonate and at least 20 g/kg sodium chloride.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium carbonate content in the mother liquor is not more than 250 g/kg.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mother liquor does not contain more than 30 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein contacting said purge liquor with a gas comprising carbon dioxide produces a water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein sodium bicarbonate crystals are separated from the water suspension to form a second mother liquor.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the second mother liquor is debicarbonated with vapor and then sent ...

SODIUM BICARBONATE PRODUCTION

The present invention relates to a method for the production of sodium bicarbonate, particularly for producing sodium bicarbonate on an industrial scale, the method comprising the steps of: a. treating a carbonaceous feedstock to form a product stream comprising up to 10 v/v % carbon dioxide; b. capturing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the product stream to form a carbon dioxide stream; c. feeding the carbon dioxide stream to a reaction vessel; d. feeding an aqueous sodium carbonate solution to the reaction vessel; e. contacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream with at least a portion of the aqueous sodium carbonate solution to form a slurry comprising solid sodium bicarbonate; and f. separating the solid component of the slurry from the liquid component of the slurry to provide solid sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous liquor. 1. A method for the production of sodium bicarbonate , the method comprising the steps of:a. treating a carbonaceous feedstock to form a product stream comprising up to 10 v/v % carbon dioxide;b. capturing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the product stream to form a carbon dioxide stream;c. feeding the carbon dioxide stream to a reaction vessel;d. feeding an aqueous sodium carbonate solution to the reaction vessel;e. contacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream with at least a portion of the aqueous sodium carbonate solution to form a slurry comprising solid sodium bicarbonate; andf. separating the solid component of the slurry from the liquid component of the slurry to provide solid sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous liquor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide in the product stream is in the range of from 1-10 v/v %; such as in the range of from 2-9 v/v % claim 1 , from 3-8 v/v % claim 1 , from 4-7 v/v % claim 1 , or from 5-6 v/v %.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein treating the carbonaceous feedstock comprises combusting the ...

ARRANGEMENT AND PROCESS FOR INTEGRATED FLUE GAS TREATMENT AND SODA ASH PRODUCTION

The arrangement of a flue gas treatment system by carbonation-calcination loop and soda ash production system by Solvay process has CaO and heat for use in the soda ash production system extracted from the flue gas treatment system. 1. An arrangement of a flue gas treatment system by carbonation-calcination loop and soda ash production system by Solvay process; the arrangement comprising CaO and heat for use in the soda ash production system are extracted from the flue gas treatment system.2. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the flue gas treatment system includes:{'sub': '3', 'a carbonator for receiving flue gas from a combustion process and having carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas combined with CaO to generate CaCO,'}{'sub': '3', 'a calciner for receiving CaCOfrom the carbonator and separating it by heat in carbon dioxide and CaO, and'}the soda ash production system comprises: {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '4, 'NaCl+CO+NH+HO→NaHCO+NHCl'}, 'at least a first reactor for carrying out the reaction'} {'br': None, 'sub': 4', '3', '2', '2, '2NHCl+CaO→2NH+CaCl+HO'}, 'at least a second reactor for carrying out the reaction'} {'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '2, '2NaHCO→NaCO+HO+CO.'}, 'at least a third reactor for carrying out the reaction'}3. The arrangement of claim 2 , further comprisinga supply line for CaO between the calciner and the at least a second reactor, to supply the CaO from the flue gas treatment system to the soda ash production system, andat least a heat exchanger to recover heat from the flue gas treatment system and supply it to soda ash production system.4. The arrangement of claim 3 , wherein the at least a heat exchanger is connected to a flue gas discharge line of the carbonator.5. The arrangement of claim 2 , wherein the calciner is an indirect heated calciner and has a burner with a combustion products discharge line connected to the carbonator.6. The arrangement of claim 5 , wherein the at least a heat exchanger is ...

Boundary layer carbonation of trona

A boundary layer carbonation process for producing sodium bicarbonate crystals having specific surface area in the range 0.4 m 2 /g to 2.5 m 2 /g from Trona, wherein in one embodiment the process comprises the steps of: providing Trona particles having a particle size range of −4+120 mesh; pre-wetting the Trona particles with water to provide a plurality of pre-wetted Trona particles each having a liquid water solution boundary layer deposited thereon; and carbonating the pre-wetted Trona particles across the water boundary layer to provide a product comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals.

PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE SODIUM BICARBONATE

A process for producing crystalline sodium bicarbonate, comprising: providing an aqueous sodium-bicarbonate containing liquor originating from a reactive crystallization step in which first sodium bicarbonate crystals are produced and recovered; feeding at least a portion of said aqueous sodium-bicarbonate containing liquor to a cooling crystallization unit to form second sodium bicarbonate crystals and produce a crystals slurry comprising the second sodium bicarbonate crystals; and withdrawing a portion of the crystals slurry from the cooling crystallization unit for the withdrawn second sodium bicarbonate crystals to be further processed. A portion of the second sodium bicarbonate crystals withdrawn from the cooling crystallization unit may be fed to a sodium bicarbonate reactive crystallization unit, to a caustic unit, or may be separated and dried. The reactive crystallization, separation and/or drying units where the second sodium bicarbonate crystals are further processed may be the same units where the first sodium bicarbonate crystals are processed. 1. A process for producing crystalline sodium bicarbonate , comprising:providing an aqueous sodium-bicarbonate containing liquor originating from a reactive crystallization step in which first sodium bicarbonate crystals are produced and recovered;feeding at least a portion of said aqueous sodium-bicarbonate containing liquor to at least one cooling crystallization unit under cooling conditions to form second sodium bicarbonate crystals and to produce a crystals slurry comprising said second sodium bicarbonate crystals; andwithdrawing at least a portion of said second sodium bicarbonate crystals from said cooling crystallization unit in a crystal slurry stream for said second sodium bicarbonate crystals to be further processed.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the crystal slurry stream withdrawn from the cooling crystallization unit is processed in at least one of the following steps selected from the ...

REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM WASTE STREAMS THROUGH CO-GENERATION OF CARBONATE AND/OR BICARBONATE MINERALS

All of the methods and devices disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the methods and devices of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the methods and devices and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain compositions which are chemically related may be substituted for the compositions described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 1. A method of sequestering carbon dioxide contained in a gas stream , comprising the steps of:(a) obtaining a hydroxide in an aqueous mixture;(b) admixing the hydroxide with carbon dioxide contained in the gas stream to produce bicarbonate products or a combination of carbonate and bicarbonate products in an admixture; and(c) separating said products from the admixture, thereby sequestering the carbon dioxide in a mineral product form; obtaining a group-1 or group-2 salt;', 'admixing the salt with acid and water, acid and steam, or acid, water, and steam to produce a protonated brine solution; and', 'electrolyzing the protonated brine solution to produce a hydroxide;, 'wherein obtaining the hydroxide compriseswherein step (b) comprises altering the product equilibrium to favor the production of bicarbonate products.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of carbon dioxide is generated in performing steps (a)-(c) claim 1 , and that amount of carbon dioxide is less than the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered in performing steps (a)-(c).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ANHYDROUS SODIUM CARBONATE HAVING A LOW PORE CONTENT

The present invention relates to a highly pure, anhydrous sodium carbonate having a low pore content for use in pharmaceutical formulations and in the foods industry. Furthermore, a novel process for the preparation of this sodium carbonate is provided. 1. Crystalline sodium carbonate , characterised in that it is an anhydrous , highly pure product having a low pore content which has a drying loss after preparation of not more than 0.2% by weight , preferably less than 0.15% by weight.2. Anhydrous sodium carbonate according to claim 1 , characterised in that ita) consists of particles having a smooth surface structure with a low pore content,{'sup': 2', '2', '2, 'b) has a BET surface area of less than 1 m/g, preferably less than 0.5 m/g, particularly preferably less than 0.2 m/g'}andc) has a drying loss after preparation of not more than 0.2% by weight, preferably less than 0.15% by weight.3. Anhydrous sodium carbonate according to claim 1 , characterised in that it has a water vapour absorption capacity (WVAC) of <5% by weight at 60% relative humidity; <10% by weight at 70% relative humidity; <15% by weight at 80% relative humidity and <50% at 90% relative humidity.4. Anhydrous sodium carbonate according to claim 1 , characterised in that it has a sodium carbonate content of not less than 99.5% (determined acidimetrically).5. Anhydrous sodium carbonate according to claim 1 , characterised in that it has a bulk density in the range from 1.050 to 1.140 g/ml claim 1 , a tapped density in the range from 1.18 to 1.30 g/ml and an angle of repose in the range from 30.0° to 31.5°.6. Process for the preparation of an anhydrous sodium carbonate according to claim 1 , characterised in that{'sub': '3', 'a) an aqueous solution is prepared in which sodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium hydroxide solution are dissolved in an amount such that the solution has a density in the range from 1.2 to 1.4 g/ml, preferably in the range from 1.25 to 1.34 g/ml, particularly preferably range ...

PROCESS FOR SILICA REMOVAL FROM SODIUM BICARBONATE PRODUCTION WASTEWATER

The present invention relates to a process for producing sodium bicarbonate crystals. Sodium carbonate derived from TRONA ore is mixed with a treated mother liquor produced in a downstream process to form a sodium carbonate solution. The sodium carbonate solution is subjected to a crystallization process that produces sodium bicarbonate crystals. The sodium bicarbonate crystals are separated from the sodium carbonate solution to form a mother liquor that includes silica. To remove the silica in the mother liquor, the mother liquor is directed to a reactor where an aluminum salt is mixed with the mother liquor to precipitate hydrous aluminum oxide which adsorbs silica thereon. The hydrous aluminum oxide with adsorbed silica is removed from the mother liquor. This produces the treated mother liquor that is mixed with the sodium carbonate and which forms the sodium carbonate solutions. 1. A process for producing sodium bicarbonate crystals from sodium carbonate containing silica , the process comprising:mixing a treated mother liquor from a downstream process with the sodium carbonate to form a sodium carbonate solution;crystallizing the sodium carbonate solution to form sodium bicarbonate crystals;clarifying the sodium carbonate solution to produce a concentrate having the sodium bicarbonate crystals and a mother liquor containing silica;directing the mother liquor to a reactor;mixing an aluminum salt with the mother liquor;precipitating hydrous aluminum oxide in the mother liquor;adsorbing silica onto the hydrous aluminum oxide in the mother liquor; andseparating the hydrous aluminum oxide having the adsorbed silica from the mother liquor to form the treated mother liquor that is mixed with the sodium carbonate to form the sodium carbonate solution.2. The process of further including filtering the sodium carbonate solution before crystallizing the sodium carbonate solution to form the sodium bicarbonate crystals.3. The process of claim 1 , including prior to forming ...

Method for producing lithium chloride, and lithium carbonate

The present invention is related to a method for producing lithium chloride aqueous solution and a method for producing lithium carbonate, and comprises introducing calcium chloride into a slurry containing a solvent and lithium phosphate; and obtaining a precipitate of chloroapatite which is an poorly soluble phosphoric acid compound and a lithium chloride aqueous solution by reacting lithium phosphate and calcium chloride in the slurry containing the solvent and lithium phosphate.

Process for preparing sodium bicarbonate particles

A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate particles, comprising the steps of: (a) adding at least one alkali metal carbonate to an aqueous solution in order to form an aqueous composition; wherein the alkali metal carbonate comprises sodium carbonate and wherein the aqueous composition comprises at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or the salts thereof, in an amount of at least 200 ppm based on the weight of the aqueous composition; and (b) precipitating solid particles comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals and separating said sodium bicarbonate particles from the aqueous composition, in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate particles and an aqueous mother liquor. 1. A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate particles , the process comprising the steps of:(a) adding at least one alkali metal carbonate to an aqueous solution in order to form an aqueous composition; wherein the alkali metal carbonate comprises sodium carbonate and wherein the aqueous composition comprises at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or salts thereof, in an amount of at least 200 ppm based on the weight of the aqueous composition; and(b) precipitating solid particles comprising crystals of sodium bicarbonate in said aqueous composition of step (a) and separating said sodium bicarbonate particles from the aqueous composition, in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate particles and an aqueous mother liquor.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises contacting the aqueous composition with a gas comprising carbon dioxide.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition of step (a) comprises sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , and wherein the weight ratio of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate in said composition of step (a) is higher than 1.0.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or the salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylate claim 1 , copolymers of acrylic ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ACID GAS REMOVAL FROM A GASEOUS STREAM

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for removing acid gases from a gas stream are provided. Gas streams include waste gas streams or natural gas streams. The methods include obtaining a hypochlorite and a carbonate or bicarbonate in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the aqueous mixture with the gas stream to produce sulfates or nitrates from sulfur-based and nitrogen-based acidic gases. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to produce the carbonate and/or bicarbonate scrubbing reagent from COin the gas stream. Still others are disclosed. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a conduit adapted to transfer the liquid outflow to the second set of mixing equipment to create the second admixture.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a chlor-alkali cell adapted to electrochemically produce the hydroxide with a protonated brine solution claim 1 , wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the first set of mixing equipment.4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a third set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell claim 3 , wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the third set of mixing equipment and wherein the third set of mixing equipment is in fluid communication with the second set of mixing equipment.5. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a fourth set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with the gas stream before at least a portion of the gas stream flows through the first set of mixing equipment.6. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a burner adapted to combust hydrogen gas and chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell to produce hydrochloric acid.7. The system of claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the hydrochloric acid is in communication with the chlor-alkali cell to protonate a brine solution.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream is a natural gas ...

MODIFIED STEAM-METHANE-REFORMATION TECHNIQUE FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

A process of and system for sequestering carbon (CO) produced in coal and gas burning hydrogen production plants, resulting in the production of hydrogen at current market prices or less without carbon emission. 1. A process to sequester carbon from the fuel burner exhaust gases in industrial hydrogen production plants comprising the steps of:(a) burning a mixture of an oxidant and fuel;(b) generating flue gas and products of combustion;(c) streaming the generated flue gas and the products of combustion into a first reactor;(d) determining an amount of thermal energy needed from the fuel to produce hydrogen in a balanced steam-fuel-reformation reaction;(e) adding the determined amount of fuel and water to produce hydrogen;(f) passing all products of the reaction to a second reactor; and(g) combining the products with sodium hydroxide to react at a low temperature to form sodium carbonate.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the oxidant of step (a) is selected from atmospheric air or oxygen.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the fuel of step (a) is coal.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the fuel of step (a) is natural gas.5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the flue gas and products of combustion of step (b) is mainly carbon dioxide.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the sodium hydroxide of step (g) is adjusted to react with components of gas comprised of sulfur dioxide claim 1 , nitric oxide claim 1 , or both claim 1 , to form removable solids.7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the reaction of step (e) comprises a direct conversion of NaOH to NaCO.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising wherein the reaction of step (e) further comprises reacting NaCOwith water and CO.9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of continuously feeding fuel throughout the process.10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding ...

Method and apparatus on halting global warming

We have described herein a method and associated apparatus that can halt global warming with significant economic benefits. They include (1), re-scrub half the carbon dioxide emitted from calcining baking soda into soda ash to produce twice as much soda ash and twice as much ammonium chloride as comparing with the standard Solvay ammonia soda ash process; Use the ammonium chloride as sugarcane fertilizer producing fuel ethanol, and bagasse, a photosynthesized bio-fuel from carbon dioxide already presented in the earth atmosphere for power generation, and (2), expand the sugarcane plantation areas into desert oasis using desert heat to produce distilled water for irrigation, pumped by solar heated hydraulic press pumps to supplement insufficient rain forest resources on earth's continents to accelerate reaching “carbon neutral” on capture annually twenty five billion tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from earth atmosphere economically. 1. To further enlarge regions suitable for sugarcane plantation beyond areas having heavy nature rainfall , to an extend large enough to reach “carbon neutral” by capturing twenty five billion tons of carbon dioxide annually from atmosphere , a distill water producing apparatus as depicted in , to produce fresh water from seawater to irrigate desert land into oasis suitable for growing sugarcane. Said distilling apparatus is designed to take advantage of greenhouse effect under desert-hot weather condition , further comprising:{'b': 302', '303', '304', '305, 'A. A multitude of sealed off segments of enclosures with outer, larger diameter steel tube painted black outside and inside, and an inner, smaller diameter stainless steel tube painted black outside, sealed off on the two ends by segment partition plates and to prevent hot air from escaping;'}B. A multitude of parabolic troughs with foci lines coincide with said inner tub;C. A separation tank that separates distilled water vapor from concentrated salt solution;D. A heat ...

BLOCKED POLYISOCYANATE COMPOSITION, PREPOLYMER COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEM, AND THERMALLY DISSOCIATIVE BLOCKING AGENT FOR BLOCKED POLYISOCYANATE COMPOSITION

A prepolymer composition and a method for manufacturing them each of which is able to impart a low temperature thermosetting property surpassing the prepolymer of the phenolic resin to a prepolymer as a mixture of a blocked polyisocyanate compound and a polyisocyanate reactive compound, while suppressing generation of a toxic gas impacting on the environment and an unpleasant odor at the time of manufacturing or at the time of thermal curing, and each of which is capable of providing a thermosetting plastic as a thermally cured product thereof to the market at a cost comparable to the phenolic resin, while restraining divergence of the formaldehyde. 1. A blocked polyisocyanate composition synthesized from a polyisocyanate compound and a thermally dissociative blocking agent ,characterized in that the thermally dissociative blocking agent is at least one kind of thermally dissociative blocking agent selected from a group consisting of a carbonate of an alkali metal, a hydrogen carbonate of an alkali metal, a percarbonate of an alkali metal, a phosphate of an alkali metal, a hydrogen phosphate salt of an alkali metal, a dihydrogen phosphate salt of an alkali metal, a carbonate of an ammonium, a hydrogen carbonate of an ammonium, a percarbonate of an ammonium, a phosphate of an ammonium, a hydrogen phosphate salt of an ammonium, and a dihydrogen phosphate salt of an ammonium.2. A blocked polyisocyanate composition as recited in claim 1 , characterized in that the thermally dissociative blocking agent is at least one kind of thermally dissociative blocking agent or a mixture of a group of two or more kinds of thermally dissociative blocking agents selected from a group consisting of a sodium carbonate claim 1 , a potassium carbonate claim 1 , an ammonium carbonate claim 1 , a sodium hydrogen carbonate claim 1 , a potassium hydrogen carbonate claim 1 , an ammonium hydrogen carbonate claim 1 , a sodium percarbonate claim 1 , a potassium percarbonate claim 1 , an ammonium ...

CHEMICAL SEQUESTERING OF CO2, NOx and SO2

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) (collectively NO, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO, NOx and SO. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO, NOx and SOinto compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value. 1. A method of chemically sequestering sulfur dioxide (SO) , nitrogen oxide (NO) , nitrogen dioxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) by a loop sequence , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a) providing a mixture of SO, NO, NO, CO, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (HO) in the one or more second reaction chambers;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4, 'b) reacting SOwith NaOCl and HO to generate sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (HSO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'c) reacting NO and NOwith NaOCl and HO to generate sodium nitrate (NaNO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'd) reacting COwith NaOCl and HO to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'e) reacting NO and NOwith NaOH and NaOCl to generate sodium nitrite (NaNO) and HO in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'f) reacting COwith NaOH to provide NaHCOin the mixture;'}{'sub': 3', '2', '4, 'g) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaCl NaHCOand NaSOto precipitate, and removing the precipitate from the mixture;'}h) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;{'sub': 2', '3, 'i) adding a dialkyl ketone solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaNO, NaNOto precipitate, and removing the precipitate ...

Method for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles

A method for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by crystallization from an alkali metal carbonate and/or bicarbonate solution with an additive present in the solution, chosen from among sulfates, sulfonates, polysulfonates, amines, hydroysultaines, polycarboxylates, polysaccharides, polyethers and ether-phenols, alkali metal hexametaphosphate, phosphates, sulfosuccinates, amidosulfonates, amine sulfonates, preferably chosen from among polysaccharides, and such that the additive is present in the solution at a concentration of at least 1 ppm and preferably at most 200 ppm.

Process for producing sodium carbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate

Process to produce sodium carbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate, comprising: dissolving sodium carbonate particles having a mean diameter D50, measured by sieve analysis, less than 250 μm in a water solution; introducing the resulting production solution comprising sodium carbonate into less basic compartments of an electrodialyser comprising alternating less basic and more basic adjacent compartments separated from each other by cationic membranes; producing a solution comprising sodium hydroxide into the more basic compartments; extracting the solution comprising sodium hydroxide from the more basic compartments of the electrodialyser and used to constitute a reaction solution; and putting the reaction solution into contact with the mineral ore comprising sodium bicarbonate in order to form a produced solution comprising sodium carbonate.

Process for recovering soda values from underground soda deposits

Process for recovering soda values from first and second soda deposits situated respectively in first and second underground cavities containing respectively first and second soda solutions, the second soda solution containing a higher concentration in sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate than the first soda solution, the process comprising: extracting a stream of first soda solution from the first cavity; introducing the stream of first soda solution in a first process which produces first soda crystals and a first waste purge stream containing a higher concentration in sodium chloride and/or in sodium sulfate than the first soda solution; introducing at least part of the first waste purge stream in the second cavity; extracting a stream of second soda solution from the second cavity; and introducing the stream of second soda solution in a second process which produces second soda crystals which have a higher concentration in sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate than the first soda crystals. 11111. A process for recovering soda values from a first soda deposit and a second soda deposit situated respectively in a first underground cavity (A) and a second underground cavity (A′) containing respectively a first soda solution () and a second soda solution (′) , the second soda solution (′) containing a higher concentration in sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate than the first soda solution () , the process comprising:{'b': '1', 'extracting a stream of said first soda solution () from the first cavity (A);'}{'b': 1', '1', '3', '2', '1, 'introducing the stream of said first soda solution () in a first process (B) which produces, out of the first soda solution (), first soda crystals () and a first waste purge stream () containing a higher concentration in sodium chloride and/or in sodium sulfate than the first soda solution ();'}{'b': 2', '2, 'i': 'b', 'introducing at least a part () of the first waste purge stream () in the second cavity (A′);'}{'b': '1', ' ...

NOVEL METHODS TO EXTRACT CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE ATMOSPHERE USING A SOLAR PV MODULE AS PART OF A COMBINED CYCLE ENERGY CONVERTER

Systems and methods are provided for reclaiming COfrom air. The method includes absorbing solar radiation using a special photovoltaic panel, the H-SPV, which is so designed that the heat absorbed by the H-SPV is conducted to the back of the H-SPV to the substrate, and there it is cooled by the airstream behind it. A second supporting panel is included to provide enclosure for the heated air that rises between the two panels by the chimney effect, the heated air between the at least two plates will rise by the chimney effect, sucking in more air to be heated, wherein the air includes CO, chemically removing the COfrom the heated air, using a coolant liquid, wherein the coolant liquid in a heat exchanger, when in contact with the COin the heated air, forms a bicarbonate, and releasing air that has had the COchemically removed. 1. A method for reclaiming Carbon Dioxide from air , comprising: 'wherein the plurality of photovoltaic panels are separated by a distance, forming an enclosure to provide a chimney effect;', 'absorbing solar radiation using a plurality of photovoltaic panels, wherein each of the solar photovoltaic panels includes at least one heating plate configured to heat air and, behind the heating plate, a support plate,'}heating air between the plurality of photovoltaic panels, producing heated air, causing the heated air to rise, sucking in more air to be heated, wherein the air includes Carbon Dioxide;chemically removing the Carbon Dioxide from the heated air, using a coolant liquid, wherein the coolant liquid, in a heat exchanger, when in contact with the Carbon Dioxide in the heated air, forms a bicarbonate; andreleasing air that has had the Carbon Dioxide chemically removed.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the coolant liquid includes Potassium Hydroxide.3. (canceled)4. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising converting some of the solar radiation into electricity.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising ...

NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION FOR ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITORS

The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution that provides an electric double layer capacitor having excellent durability. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitors prepared by dissolving a quaternary ammonium salt as an electrolyte in a nonaqueous solvent, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution has an alkali metal cation concentration of 0.1 to 30 ppm. 2. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal cation concentration is more than 10 ppm and not more than 30 ppm.3. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal cation concentration is 12 to 30 ppm.4. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal cation is a sodium ion and/or a potassium ion.5. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium cation is tetraalkyl ammonium or pyrrolidinium.6. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium cation is N-ethyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium.7. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium cation is N claim 1 ,N claim 1 ,N-triethyl-N-methyl ammonium.8. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the Xin the general formula (I) is BF.9. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate claim 1 , ethylene carbonate claim 1 , butylene carbonate claim 1 , sulfolane claim 1 , methylsulfolane claim 1 , dimethyl carbonate claim 1 , ethyl methyl carbonate claim 1 , and diethyl carbonate.10. An electric double layer capacitor comprising the nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to as an electrolytic solution. The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution ...

METHOD OF RECOVERING PULPING CHEMICALS FROM DISSOLVED ASH HAVING A HIGH CARBONATE CONTENT

A method of recovering wood pulping chemicals from black liquor produced in a wood pulping process where the process entails burning the black liquor in a recovery boiler to form ash containing high levels of carbonate as well as sodium, potassium and chloride. The ash is dissolved to form a dissolved ash solution that is directed to a first stage crystallization unit that concentrates the dissolved ash solution and which results in the precipitation of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate. Thereafter the concentrated dissolved ash solution is directed to a second stage crystallization unit which adiabatically cools the concentrated dissolved ash solution to form a glaserite slurry and a purge stream that is rich in chloride. In order to reduce the tendency of sodium carbonate and burkeite to crystallize in the second stage crystallization unit and to encourage pure glaserite to crystalize in the crystallizer, the method entails mixing a sulfate source, such as sodium sulfate or sulfuric acid, to the concentrated dissolved ash solution upstream of the crystallizer. 1. A method of recovering wood pulping chemicals from black liquor produced in a wood pulping process in a pulp mill comprising:burning the black liquor in a recovery boiler and forming ash containing carbonate, sodium, potassium and chloride;dissolving at least a portion of the ash to form a dissolved ash solution;directing the dissolved ash solution to a first stage crystallization unit and concentrating the dissolved ash solution and precipitating sodium carbonate and burkeite and forming a concentrated dissolved ash solution including the precipitated sodium carbonate and burkeite;directing at least a portion of the concentrated dissolved ash solution to a downstream second stage crystallization unit and further concentrating the concentrated dissolved ash solution to form glaserite crystals which are directed from the second stage crystallization unit in a glaserite slurry;separating the glaserite ...

Lithological displacement of an evaporite mineral stratum

A lithological displacement of an underground evaporite mineral stratum from an underlying non-evaporite stratum comprising the application of a lifting hydraulic pressure of a fluid at a weak interface between the strata, resulting in lifting the overburden above the interface, separating the evaporite stratum from the underlying non-evaporite stratum and thus forming a mineral free-surface. The lifting hydraulic pressure is greater than the overburden pressure. The formed mineral free-surface is accessible for dissolution by a solvent. The fluid used for lifting may comprise a solvent suitable to dissolve the mineral. The evaporite mineral stratum preferably comprises trona, nahcolite, wegscheiderite, or combinations thereof. 2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lifting hydraulic pressure is from 0.01% to 50% greater than the overburden pressure at the depth of the interface.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the injected fluid is a slurry comprising particles suspended in water or an aqueous solution.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the particles in the fluid comprise tailings used as proppant.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the injected fluid is a solvent suitable for dissolving the mineral.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the injected fluid comprises an unsaturated aqueous solution comprising sodium carbonate claim 6 , sodium bicarbonate claim 6 , sodium hydroxide claim 6 , calcium hydroxide claim 6 , or combinations thereof.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the injected fluid comprises an aqueous alkaline solution.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the parting interface is horizontal or near-horizontal with a dip of 5 degrees or less.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid injection is carried out via a vertical or directionally drilled well which comprises an in situ injection zone which is in fluid communication with the parting strata interface.11. ...

Amino Acids React with Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Form Nanofibers and Nanoflowers

A method for capturing COcomprising dissolving at least one pure amino acid (AA) in water without the use of a catalyst for establishing protonation of an amino group of the amino acid, adding at least one base solution to the amino acid and water solution to deprotonate the protonated amino group of the amino acid and forming an amino acid-XOH—HO wherein X is sodium or potassium, and subjecting COto the amino acid-XOH—HO to form new nanomaterials is provided. A regenerable nanofiber is disclosed comprising a NaHCOnanofiber, a KHCOnanofiber, or an amino acid nanofiber made from subjecting a COgas to an amino acid aqueous solvent. Preferably, the amino acid aqueous solvent is one or more of a Gly-NaOH—HO, an Ala-NaOH—HO, a Phe-NaOH—HO, a Gly-KOH—HO, an Ala-KOH—HO, and a Phe-KOH—HO. 1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide comprising dissolving an amino acid in water , wherein said amino acid has an amino group located on one end of said amino acid and a carboxyl group located on another end of said amino acid , for protonating said amino group of said amino acid and forming a protonated amino acid , adding a base solution to said protonated amino acid for deprotonating said protonated amino group of said amino acid for forming an amino acid-XOH—HO solvent , and subjecting a gas containing carbon dioxide to said amino acid-XOH—HO solvent to form a carbamate , wherein X is sodium or potassium.2. The method of including wherein said base solution is a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution.3. The method of including subjecting said carbamate to undergo hydrolysis to form NaHCOand the absorption of carbon dioxide without the use of a catalyst.4. The method of including wherein said NaHCOis a sodium bicarbonate nanoflower or nanofiber.5. The method of including subjecting said carbamate to undergo hydrolysis to form potassium bicarbonate and the absorption of carbon dioxide without the use of a catalyst.6. The method of including wherein said ...

ALKALI METAL BICARBONATE PARTICLES WITH INCREASED DISSOLUTION TIME

Powder compositions comprising alkali metal bicarbonate particles and an additive. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by spray-drying of an aqueous solution or suspension comprising 1-10% by weight of alkali metal bicarbonate and a resin acid or a fatty acid as additive. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by co-grinding the alkali metal bicarbonate in the presence of a resin acid as additive. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by fluidized bed coating of the alkali metal bicarbonate in the presence of a resin acid, fatty acid or a wax as additive. 1. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles comprising:spray-drying of an aqueous solution or suspension comprising 1 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate and 1 to 10000 ppm of a resin acid or a fatty acid, or salts thereof; orco-grinding of an alkali metal bicarbonate in the presence of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a resin acid or salt thereof, per 100 parts by weight of the substance undergoing milling; orfluidized bed coating wherein an alkali metal bicarbonate is coated in the presence of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a resin acid a resin acid or a fatty acid, or salts thereof, or a wax, per 100 parts by weight of the alkali metal bicarbonate to be coated.2. The process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles according to claim 1 , comprising co-grinding of the alkali metal bicarbonate in the presence of 0.1 to 20 claim 1 , by weight of a resin acid or salt thereof claim 1 , per 100 parts by weight of the substance undergoing milling.3. The process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonates according to claim 1 , comprising fluidized bed coating wherein the alkali metal bicarbonate is coated in the presence of 0.1 to 20 by weight of a resin acid a resin acid or a fatty acid claim 1 , or salts thereof claim 1 , or a wax claim 1 , per 100 parts by weight of the alkali metal bicarbonate to be coated.5. The process for ...

Alkali metal bicarbonate particles with exceptional flowability

Powder composition comprising alkali metal bicarbonate particles and an amino acid as additive. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by spray-drying of an aqueous solution comprising 1-10% by weight of alkali metal bicarbonate and an amino acid as additive. A process for preparing alkali metal bicarbonate particles by co-grinding the alkali metal bicarbonate in the presence of an amino acid as additive.

Additive Raw Material Composition and Additive for Superhard Material Product, Preparation Method of the Additive, Composite Binding Agent and Superhard Material Product, Self-Sharpening Diamond Grinding Wheel and Preparation Method of the Same

Disclosed are an additive raw material composition and an additive for superhard material product, a composite binding agent, a superhard material product, a self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing the same. The raw material composition consisting of components in following mass percentage: BiO25%˜40%, BO25%˜40%, ZnO 5%˜25%, SiO2%˜10%, AlO2%˜10%, NaCO1%˜5%, LiCO1%-5%, MgCO0%˜5%, and CaF1%˜5%. The composite binding agent is prepared from the additive and a metal composite binding agent. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel prepared from the composite binding agent has high self-sharpness, high strength, and fine texture, is uniformly consumed during the grinding process, does not need to be trimmed during the process of being used, and maintains good grinding force all the time, fundamentally solving the problems of long trimming time and high trimming cost of the diamond grinding wheel (FIG. ). 1. An additive for a superhard material product , made from raw materials in a mass percentage as follows:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'BiO25%˜40%, BO25%˜40%, ZnO 5%˜25%, SiO2%˜10%, AlO2%˜10%, NaCO1%˜5%, LiCO1%˜5%, MgCO0%˜5%, and CaF1%˜5%.'}2. A self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel claim 1 , comprising an abrasive block claim 1 , wherein raw materials of the abrasive block comprise a metal binding agent claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , SG abrasive claim 1 , diamond and the additive of ; andthe content of mass percentage of the additive in the raw materials of the abrasive block is 1%˜10%.3. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel according to claim 2 ,{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'wherein the additive is made from raw materials in a mass percentage as follows: BiO25%˜35%, BO25%˜35%, ZnO 5%˜10%, SiO5%˜10%, AlO5%˜10%, NaCO1%˜5%, LiCO1%˜5%, MgCO1%˜5%, and CaF1%˜5%.'}4. The self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel according to claim 2 , wherein the additive is ...

PROCESSES FOR PREPARING LITHIUM CARBONATE

There are provided processes comprising submitting an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate and/or bisulfate to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis for converting at least a portion of said sulphate into lithium hydroxide. During electrolysis or electrodialysis, the aqueous composition is at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4; and converting said lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate. Alternatively, lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate can be submitted to a first electromembrane process that comprises a two-compartment membrane process for conversion of lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate to lithium hydroxide, and obtaining a first lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a first lithium hydroxide-enriched aqueous stream; and submitting said first lithium-reduced aqueous stream to a second electromembrane process comprising a three-compartment membrane process to prepare at least a further portion of lithium hydroxide and obtaining a second lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a second lithium-hydroxide enriched aqueous stream. 1. A process for preparing lithium carbonate , said process comprising:submitting an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis under conditions suitable for converting at least a portion of said lithium sulphate into lithium hydroxide, wherein during said electrolysis or said electrodialysis, said aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate is at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4; andconverting said lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate is submitted to an electrolysis.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate is submitted to a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate is ...