СИСТЕМА ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ И ДЕЗИНФЕКЦИИ ВОЗДУХА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИНЖЕКЦИИ ПЛАЗМЫ

Группа изобретений относится к области применения плазмоактивированной воды и/или плазмоактивированного газа для быстрого окисления загрязнителей (запахов, бактерий, вирусов и т.д.) в воздухе, газе, жидкостях или на поверхностях, к которым направляют поток воздуха. Представлен плазменно-реакторный узел, содержащий внешний корпус, содержащий вход текучей среды, выход текучей среды и разъем электропитания; по меньшей мере один повышающий трансформатор, электрически связанный с разъемом электропитания; множество параллельных диэлектрических трубок, электрически связанных с трансформатором; по меньшей мере один дуговой v-образный электродный разделитель, расположенный между каждой диэлектрической трубкой с зазором для текучей среды между каждым электродным разделителем и каждой соседней диэлектрической трубкой. При этом нет пути потока текучей среды между входом текучей среды и выходом текучей среды, кроме пути между диэлектрическими трубками и электродными разделителями. Также описаны способ ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДЫ

Изобретение относится к устройствам очистки и обеззараживания питьевой и технической воды. Устройство содержит корпус с узлом создания водовоздушной смеси, расположенные под ним высоковольтный и заземленный электроды, емкость для сбора обработанной воды. Каждый из электродов выполнен в виде параллельных проводников, закрепленных между двумя шинами. Высоковольтный и заземленный электроды расположены параллельно друг над другом. Проводники одного электрода перпендикулярны проводникам другого. На электроды подают высоковольтные импульсы, между электродами зажигается разряд, близкий к объемному типу разряда. Вода поступает в узел создания водовоздушной смеси под давлением в несколько атмосфер, вылетает из узла в виде мелкодисперсных капель, увлекает за собой воздух, смешивается с ним и попадает в зону импульсного электрического разряда. Изобретение позволяет повысить эффективность процесов обработки и обеззараживания воды за счет использования разряда в объемной форме и высокой степени диспергирования ...

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Использование: очистка сточных вод. Сущность изобретения: Обработку сточной воды от ионов тяжелых металлов ведут в непрерывном режиме с использованием тлеющего разряда напряжением 0,5 2,0 кВ и силой тока 50 150 мА при толщине слоя обрабатываемой жидкости 1,6 100 мм и температуре ниже температуры кипения обрабатываемой воды. Очистку осуществляют в устройстве, содержащем камеры горизонтального или наклонного исполнения с размещенными в них электродами, расположенными в воде и/или над ее поверхностью, при этом электроды, размещенные в обрабатываемой воде, выполнены охлаждаемыми, и переливное устройство. Электроды, размещенные над поверхностью обрабатываемой воды, выполнены в виде конуса, вершиной направленные в сторону поверхности воды. Катод и/или анод расположены над поверхностью воды. Камеры дополнительно снабжены диафрагмой, размещенной между анодом и катодом. 2 с. и 3 з. п. ф-лы, 1 табл, 6 ил.

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКИХ И НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ ОТ РАСТВОРЕННЫХ ФЕНОЛОВ И НЕФТЕПРОДУКТОВ

Использование: изобретение относится к процессам водоочистки и может быть использовано для очистки сточных вод от фенолов и нефтепродуктов. Сущность: сточные воды обрабатывают импульсными высоковольтными разрядами с одновременным насыщением диспергированным воздухом. После обработки разрядами сточные воды подвергают флотации, биологической очистке и сорбции на угольно-песчаных фильтрах. Перед обработкой импульсными разрядами в сточные воды можно дозировать реагент-коагулятор. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к охране окружающей среды и может быть использовано в процессе очистки сточных вод гальванических производств. Способ очистки сточных вод путем обработки тлеющим электрическим разрядом, создаваемым над слоем жидкости, при помощи электродов, один из которых размещен в жидкости, а другой в газовой фазе, и при силе тока 50 100 мА, напряжении 500 2000 В, температуре ниже температуры кипения очищаемой воды. Причем толщина слоя жидкости составляет 0,4 1,6 мм. Устройство для осуществления способа очистки сточных вод включает цилиндрический корпус 1, внешняя сторона которого снабжена рубашкой и набором магнитов 5, а внутренняя блоком кольцевых электродов 2 и набором дисковых противоэлектродов 3, установленных в одной плоскости. Каждая пара электрод -противоэлектрод разделены предохранительным экраном 4. В верхней части корпуса установлен элемент с S-образным зазором 6, выполненный из неподвижного основания 7 и подвижной шайбы 8. 2 с. п. 1 з. п. ф-лы, 1 ил, 1 табл.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОДВОДНОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО СОДЕРЖИМОГО ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНЫХ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ОТХОДОВ

... 1. Способ для подводного разложения органического содержимого водных растворов отходов, заключающийся в том, что измеряют и, при необходимости, изменяют путем добавления раствора для предварительной обработки значения рН и электропроводности раствора, поддерживают оптимальное значение рН и/или электропроводности во время процесса, и осуществляют полное или частичное разложение органического содержимого раствора, отличающийся тем, что погружают в раствор электроды, формируют и поддерживают между электродами и проводящим электричество раствором электродуговой разряд путем приложения электрического тока с плотностью тока по меньшей мере 0,5 А/см2, при напряжении по меньшей мере 70 В, и приложения симметричного переменного тока частотой по меньшей мере 10 Гц, при этом осуществляют разложение органического содержимого раствора на воду, двуокись углерода и азот. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что используют гидроксид натрия в качестве раствора для предварительной обработки для изменения ...

СИСТЕМА ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ И ДЕЗИНФЕКЦИИ ВОЗДУХА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИНЖЕКЦИИ ПЛАЗМЫ

Установка и способ для плазменной активации жидкости

Изобретение относится к установке и способу для плазменной активации жидкости с целью ее применения на пациенте. Посредством плазменного генератора (34) создают плазму (30). Вводят жидкость (F) в контакт с плазмой (30) в устройстве (25) плазменного воздействия и подают жидкость к инструменту (11). Во время и/или после воздействия плазмы на жидкость в устройстве (25) плазменного воздействия посредством сенсорного устройства (36) регистрируют по меньшей мере один химический или физический параметр жидкости (F). Посредством управляющего устройства (19), связанного на входе с сенсорным устройством (36) и на выходе с плазменным генератором (34), управляют работой плазменного генератора (34) в отношении коэффициента амплитуды или формы кривой выдаваемого им тока или выдаваемого им напряжения в зависимости от регистрируемого параметра жидкости (F) для воздействия на указанный параметр. Таким образом удается получить обработанную плазмой жидкость (F) с заданными характеристиками для лечения пациента ...

Способ очистки питьевых и сточных вод

Способ обеззараживания воды озоном и устройство для его осуществления

Изобретение относится к очистке воды. Может быть использовано при обработке природных и сточных вод и позволяет интенсифицировать процесс обеззараживания. Способ осуществляется путем создания кавитации в обрабатываемой жидкости. Устройство для осуществления способа содержит расположенные на патрубке диски, в полость между которыми подается жидкость. Кавитируемая жидкость подвергается совместному воздействию ударных волн и импульсного электрического поля, причем ударные волны получают при объемном содержании образующегося в жидкости газа 1-8%. Диски свободно расположены на патрубке симметрично относительно штуцера. Полость между дисками выполнена в виде кругового кавитационного канала с контактирующими между собой кольцевыми стенками-электродами. 2 с.п.ф-лы, 2 ил.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON FLÜSSIGKEIT MIT EINER PULSIERENDEN ELEKTRISCHEN ENTLADUNG

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmainduzierten Wasserreinigung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von mit mindestens einem Abwasserinhaltsstoff belastetem Wasser, wobei der Abwasserinhaltsstoff mindestens eine Verbindung mit einer Bindungsenergie aufweist, die geringer ist als die Bindungsenergie einer einfachen Wasserstoff-Sauerstoffbindung, umfassend die Schritte: - Bereitstellen des belasteten Wassers mit einer vorbestimmten Füllhöhe in einem ungeerdeten Wasserreservoir innerhalb eines Reaktionsraumes; - Beaufschlagen genau einer in einem vorbestimmten Abstand über der Füllhöhe des Wasserreservoirs angeordneten flächig ausgebildeten, gekühlten Plasmaelektrode mit einer hochfrequenten Wechselspannung bei Atmosphärendruck, derart, dass sich im Hochfrequenzfeld zwischen der Plasmaelektrode und einer Oberfläche des Wassers ein Plasma ausbildet, dessen Energieeintrag ausreichend ist, dass Verbindungen mit einer Bindungsenergie, die kleiner oder gleich derjenigen der einfachen Wasserstoff-Sauerstoffbindung ist, dissoziiert werden;- Erfassen ...

VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR ERHÖHUNG DER HALTBARKEIT VON FLÜSSIGEN NÄHRMITTELN.

DEKONTAMINIERTE FLUIDE UND BIOZIDE FLÜSSIGKEITEN

Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Wasser, insbesondere Kesselspeisewasser

AKTIVIERTE PEROXIDLÖSUNGEN UND ZUGEHÖRIGES HERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN

Fluid decontamination apparatus and method

Electrohydraulic sterilization apparatus

Liquids are treated or are the medium for treatment by a predetermined number of electrohydraulic shock discharges which sterilizes the liquid or the contents thereof. The number of arc discharges are counted and a sensing means may automatically control the shocks to a predetermined number. Apparatus is described for treatment chambers for continuous or batch processes.

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

Method and apparatus for applying plasma particlesto a liquid and use for disinfecting water

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

Method and apparatus for applying plasma particlesto a liquid and use for disinfecting water

Method and apparatus for applying plasma particlesto a liquid and use for disinfecting water

DEVICE FOR THE REMOVAL OF BOILER SCALE AND CORROSION AND/OR FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF BOILER SCALE AND CORROSION

DECONTAMINATED FLUIDS AND BIOCIDES LIQUIDS

DECONTAMINATION SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED COMPONENTS

Device for avoidance and/or distance of boiler scale formation

Method for treating waste-activated sludge using elecroporation

A system and method for treating water systems with high voltage discharge and ozone

A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. Components of the water system are protected from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. Ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge is recycled to further treat the water. A gas infusion system may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation, particularly when the conductivity of the water is high. An electrode mounting assembly maintains a high voltage electrode and ground electrode at a fixed distance from each other to optimize plasma generation. An open support structure for the high voltage generator circuit physically separates spark gap electrodes and resists metal deposits that may disrupt discharge of a high voltage pulse to create the plasma.

Heat pump type hot water supply device and method of sterilizing hot water

APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to a device (1) for electrically treating foods (2), at least comprising a liquid tank (3), which can accommodate a cleaning liquid (4), a direct-current supply (5), two electrodes (9a, 9b), and a liquid drain (6), by means of which the exiting cleaning liquid (4) can be conducted directly to the food (2) to be treated and/or can be temporarily stored in a buffer tank. A diaphragm method is preferably used. The invention is characterized in that the food (2) to be treated is in direct electrical contact with the cleaning liquid (4). The cleaning liquid (4) preferably comprises drinking water. The device according to the invention enables a continuous and effective cleaning of foods that uses resources sparingly. The microorganisms are killed or inactivated.

TITANIUM-GROUP METAL CONTAINING HIGH-PERFORMANCE WATER, AND ITS PRODUCING METHOD AND APPARATUS

An apparatus comprising a water tank, high-voltage discharge generator provided with a titanium-group metal electrode and a counter electrode, a water supply port, a produced liquid outlet port, and a titanium-group metal electrode supply device, so as to produce ultrafine dispersion water of a titanium-group metal containing a titanium-group metal ion vapor in an ultrafine dispersion state by causing a plasma discharge between a titanium- group metal electrode and a counter electrode under water. The produced ultrafine dispersion water of a titanium-group metal is usable for health, medical, cosmetic things.

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR THE NON-THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AND PASTEURIZATION OF ORGANIC PROCESS MATERIALS BY ELECTROPORATION

According to the invention, in a reaction chamber, which constitutes a component of a process installation for obtaining foodstuffs or foodstuff components, biological products in harvested form that are whole or in pieces are subjected to pulsed electric fields as they traverse said chamber. Said electric fields form pores in the cell walls, i.e. irreversibly open the latter, thus making the cell contents more easily accessible. This is achieved by electrode groups, which can be impinged by a high voltage and are located in a longitudinal zone of the wall of the reactor zone along the traversing axis of the process material and by earthed electrodes located in an opposing longitudinal zone. Each electrode group is connected to a rapid electric energy accumulator, such as for example a Marx generator, by means of a switch, in order to rapidly establish electric fields of multiple directions between the electrodes that are to be currently charged and the earthed electrodes. There is only ...

METHOD, INSTALLATION AND COMPONENT FOR DESTRUCTION OF LIVE ORGANISMS IN A LIQUID

The invention relates to a method, a treatment installation (26) and a treatment component (29) for the destruction of microorganisms and macroorganisms in a flowing liquid. The destruction takes place instantaneously, while the liquid passes through said component (29) in said installation (26). The treatment is performed in that the liquid is led in a forced movement through a passage (49) in a case (48) of electrically insulating material. In flowing through the passage, the liquid is subjected to an influence from one or more alternating current fields in that alternating current is short-circuited in the flow of water through alternating current conductors (50) that are arranged internally in said case (48).

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MOLECULAR POLARIZATION IN WATER

There is provided a method and devices for the treatment of fluids containing contaminants therein, particularly for the treatment of water, wherein the fluid is passed through a polarization device and subjected to a field. Various embodiments are possible wherein the field can either be a magnetic field or an electrostatic field and the device may be used in systems such as reverse osmosis systems and boiler systems.

MULTIPLE OXYGEN ALLOTROPE GENERATOR

An oxygen allotrope generator (101) having a tube (103) with an electrically grounded outer surface (104) and an electrically positive inner surface (105). A plurality of corona reaction plates (116) are spaced along the interior of the tube, the plates being longitudinally inter-connected by wires (117, 118, 121) and being in electrical connection with the electrically positive (109, 110) inner surface of the tube. An outer jacket (112) encloses the tube and provides a second linear pass for partially ozonated gas to flow in the generator. An alternative embodiment includes external distributed ground connections (108) at the locations of the corona reaction.

METHOD COMPRISING SEPARATION AND HIGH VOLTAGE PULSE TREATMENT BEFORE DIGESTION OR FURTHER PURIFICATION

The present invention describes a method of treatment of at least one phase, solid and/or liquid, of a pumpable liquid flow, wherein the method comprises first filtration for separation of a liquid phase from the pumpable liquid flow, for obtaining one flow with increased content of solid phase and one flow with increased liquid level; and thereafter treatment of the flow with increased content of solid phase with high voltage pulses in a PEF-unit. Furthermore, the present invention is also related to a system for treatment of at least one phase, solid and/or liquid, of a pumpable liquid flow and the use of such a system, such as use for the treatment of at least one phase, solid and/or liquid, of a pumpable liquid foodstuff or a ballast water flow, or as a pre-treatment before digestion. Furthermore, the present invention also refers to a method of treatment of at least one phase, solid and/or liquid, of a pumpable liquid flow, wherein the method comprises hygienization of at least a part ...

LIQUID ARC INDUCED CAVITATION (LAIC) SYSTEM

A liquid arc induced cavitation (LAIC) system (also referred to as a pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge system) for use in reducing contaminants in liquids (e.g. water), having: a moving electrode positioning mechanism with feedback sensors to control the electrode gap geometry; a bank of hybrid capacitors and an air gap switch.

DECONTAMINATION SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED COMPONENTS

A system for reducing biological organisms in a liquid effluent to no-viable organic molecules that includes: a stunning chamber (38) that applies a voltage potential across biological organisms to break cell membranes and disable the defense mechanisms of viral organisms to ultraviolet radiation; a cavitation chamber (86) to physically destroy any remaining membranes of biologicals in the effluent that may play host to viral organisms or allow such to hide therein, the action of the stunning and cavitation chambers releasing interferons; and a molecularly implanted stimulated emitter (MISE) chamber (108) in which high levels of ultraviolet radiation and electromagnetic energy are applied to virions and spores that remain at frequencies that are readily absorbed and operate to dissociate any viable DNA and RNA strands remaining, to thereby cause "death". The resulting effluent is pulsed through the stunning, cavitation, and MISE chambers to gain maximum effect thereof.

WASTE WATER TREATMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS

A method and apparatus for removing impurities from water using electroflocculation techniques by which water flows under pressure between a series of physically parallel electrically charged plates arranged within a confined chamber so as to provide a tortuous path for the flow of water past the plates. Ozone is entrained in the water as it enters the confined chamber. The pressure is reduced after the water leaves the confined chamber. The water flow passes through sharp edged openings in the plates so that the overall direction of water flow is generally perpendicular to the plates. The plates are energized by periodic pulses of current of a constant polarity for a selected time interval so that alternate plates differ in potential so as to produce a relatively strong electric field between the plates. The current passing between the plates is controlled by modulating the width of the pulses.

Elektrischer Reiniger zur Vermeidung der Bildung von Wasserstein.

Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung und/oder Entfernung von Kesselstein

Verfahren zum Reinigen verunreinigter Flüssigkeiten und zum Abtöten von Bakterien und/oder Viren in solchen Medien

Verfahren zum Reinigen von Flüssigkeiten

Filter

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING CONTAMINATED LIQUID WASTE

METHOD AND DEVICE, FOR ACTION OF PARTICLES OF PLASMA ON LIQUID ST, AND THEIR USE FOR DISINFECTION OF WATER

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДЫ И ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ПЛАЗМОЙ ГАЗОВОГО РАЗРЯДА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение может быть использовано для очистки и обеззараживания сточных вод, а также для активации водных растворов, химически чистой и питьевой воды. Способ обработки воды и водных растворов плазмой импульсного газового разряда заключается в воздействии на жидкость, формируемую в виде потока и граничащую с газовой средой, воздействуют плазмой импульсного газового разряда, который индуцируют и поддерживают двумя основными электрическими импульсными разрядами I и II разной частоты при условии предварительной ионизации указанной газовой среды. Разряд II формируют в виде пачки импульсов в интервале между импульсами разряда I. Изобретение позволяет обеспечить очистку водных сред с высокой исходной концентрацией загрязняющих веществ, повысить эффективность активации водных сред и увеличить стабильность и устойчивость приобретаемых свойств к внешним воздействиям, а также обеспечить возможность регулирования модифицируемых и/или вновь приобретаемых физических, химических и биологических свойств ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING THE LIQUID

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД

... (57) Способ отделения загрязняющих веществ из водного источника, содержащего загрязняющие вещества, который в одном варианте реализации предусматривает использование окислителя с большой окислительной способностью, растворенного в водной системе. Газ растворяют внутри резервуара в водном растворе и обеспечивают возможность регулирования давления внутри резервуара . Это позволяет создать максимальный контакт растворенного газообразного окислителя с загрязняющими веществами. После окисления материал, выходящий из резервуара, подвергают воздействию гидравлической кавитации. Результирующим эффектом кавитации является пенообразование, причем пена обеспечивает перенос хлопьев в отдельную от водного раствора фазу. Таким образом, процесс фактически представляет собой процесс переноса массы с использованием растворенного газообразного окислителя. В другом варианте осуществления процесс может быть усилен за счет электрокоагуляции. Он предусматривает использование электролитического элемента, который ...

METHOD AND FOR UNDERWATER DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CONTENT OF AQUEOUS WASTE SOLUTIONS AND APPARATUS FOR REALIZING THE SAME

A method for carrying out chemical reactions in electric shocks

양자에너지 발생기가 내장된 산화질소 함유 수분 발생기를 이용한 건강 관리 시스템

... 본 발명은 양자에너지 발생기가 내장된 산화질소 함유 수분 발생기에 산화질소를 통과시켜 양자에너지를 인가하여 고순도의 산화질소를 생성시킴과 동시에 수중에서 물분자의 공유결합을 분해하여 생성된 OH-Radical, 활성산소(O),히드록실 이온(H2O3-) 등 활성분자에 의해 공기 중의 세균 및 바이러스를 살균하고, 이를 무화시킨 다음 적온으로 가열하여 좌훈기 등 각종의 건강 보조 기구에 적용함으로써 산화질소를 활용한 건강 증진 효과를 도모할 수 있도록 하여서 된 양자에너지 발생기가 내장된 산화질소 함유 수분 발생기를 이용한 건강 관리 시스템을 개시한다. 이에 따라 본 발명은 인체의 적용 부위가 적온으로 활성화된 상태에서 필요한 양의 산화질소 함유 미세 수분 입자가 원활하게 침투하여 산화질소의 알려진 작용에 따라 건강 증진에 기여할 수 있게 되는 유용한 효과가 있다.

Plant cultivation automation system

STERILIZED WATER GENERATING DEVICE, WATER TREATING MACHINE INCLUDING STERILIZED WATER GENERATING DEVICE, AND STERILIZED WATER GENERATING METHOD

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sterilized water generating device comprises: a conductivity sensor configured to measure conductivity of inputted water; a flow sensor configured to sense a flow amount of the inputted water; a sterilized water generating unit configured to discharge a current applied to the inputted water to generate sterilized water; and a control unit configured to adjust a size of the current in accordance with the conductivity and the flow amount to uniformly maintain concentration of chlorine ions of the sterilized water. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 (140) Control unit ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UNDERWATER DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CONTENT OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE AQUEOUS WASTE SOLUTIONS

The object of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for underwater decomposition of organic content of aqueous waste solutions, involving the measurement and, if necessary, adjustment of the pH and electric conductivity of the solution, maintaining optimum pH and/or electric conductivity during the process, and further involving the partial or total decomposition of organic materials contained by the solution. The apparatus comprises a feed tank, at least one decomposition loop, and a storage tank. The method according to the invention is characterised by submerging electrodes in the solution, producing and maintaining an electric arc between the electrodes and the electrically conductive the solution, where the arc is produced by an electric current of at least 0,5 A/cm2 current density at a voltage of at least 70 V and by a symmetrical alternating current having preferably a frequency of at least 10Hz; and by decomposing the organic content of the solution into water, carbon ...

UNDERWATER ARC DISCHARGE DEVICE

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM USING NITRIC OXIDE-CONTAINING MOISTURE GENERATOR HAVING QUANTUM ENERGY GENERATOR INSTALLED THEREIN

According to the present invention, disclosed is a health care system using a nitric oxide-containing moisture generator having a quantum energy generator installed therein. Nitric oxide is made to pass through a nitric oxide-containing moisture generator having a quantum energy generator installed therein to apply quantum energy. Thus, high purity nitric oxide is generated, and at the same time a covalent bond of water molecules is decomposed in water. Then, bacteria and viruses in the air are sterilized by OH radicals, activated oxygen (O), hydroxyl ions (H_2O_3^-), and the like generated by decomposition of the covalent bond. The nitric oxide is atomized, and is heated at a suitable temperature to be applied to several sorts of health assisting tools such as a sitting steamer and the like. Accordingly, by utilizing nitric oxide, a health improving effect can be promoted. According to the present invention, while a human body application part is activated at a suitable temperature, a ...

apparatus for polarizaçço water.

Method and apparatus for electrohydraulic initiate chemical reactions and physical

Device for manufacturing drinking water and method for manufacturing drinking water

To provide a device and method for manufacturing drinking water that can manufacture drinking water stably with a high yield while extending the life of a reverse osmosis membrane. This device is provided with: a pump that pressurizes tap water; a reverse osmosis membrane that separates the pressurized tap water into waste water containing impurities and permeate water; and a tank for retaining the permeate water. The waste water is eliminated by passing through a first flow path and a second flow path which are arranged in parallel. This device is further provided with a flow rate adjusting unit, and the flow rate adjusting unit has a flow rate adjusting valve that is provided on the first flow path and controls the flow rate of waste water flowing in that flow path, a flow path opening valve that is provided on the second flow path and opens and closes that flow path, and a control unit that controls the opening and closing of the flow path opening valve.

Normal-pressure plasma-based apparatus for processing waste water by mixing the waste water with working gas

SUBMERGED ARC REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM LIQUIDS

To remove a contaminant from a liquid, a pulsed electrical arc discharge is effected between two electrodes immersed in the liquid, thereby creating a plurality of particles within the liquid. One or both of the electrodes is metallic, for example iron or titanium. Before the pulsed electrical arc discharge is terminated, another step that promotes destruction of the contaminant by particles, such as removing the particles from the liquid or adding an oxidizer to the liquid, is performed. In the case of the extra step being adding an oxidizer to the liquid, preferably the termination of the pulsed electrical arc discharge is followed by allowing the liquid and the particles therein to age.

OVER-UNITY PRODUCTION OF CLEAN NEW ENERGIES BY RECYCLING CONTAMINATED LIQUID WASTE

Reactors (108) for the total recycling of contaminated liquid waste, which produce a clean burning combustible gas, usable heat, and solid precipitates, a main feature being that a total of the available energy in the combustible gas and in the produced heat is greater than an electric energy needed to operate the apparatus. The latter feature is called commercial over-unity, and essentially establishes the capability of the new reactors to tap energy from the liquid molecules in full conformity with the principle of conservation of the energy. Different embodiments include the over-unity recycling of automotive antifreeze and oil waste, a new method for the production of a fuel from crude oil, for desalting sea water and for recycling biologically contaminated liquid waste, such as town sewage, into a clean burning combustible gas, nutrient rich water useful for irrigation, and soiled precipitates useful for fertilizers.

ACCELERATED METHODS OF OXIDIZING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN AQUEOUS MEDIUMS USING CORONA INDUCED REACTIONS AND PARTICLES THEREWITH

Novel accelerated methods involving corona discharge, and preferably pulsed streamer high voltage corona discharge, in combination with an effective amount of suitable particles to break down organic contaminants, such as phenol and phenol red, in aqueous mediums are disclosed. More particularly, it has been discovered that the addition of an effective amount of suitable particles to the aqueous phase of a corona reactor greatly affects the properties of the corona discharge, i.e., streamer length, intensity, number of streamers and sparkover voltage, thereby significantly increasing the breakdown voltage (i.e., the maximum voltage prior to sparkover), so that the removal of organic contaminants may be accelerated, since the production of hydroxyl radicals, aqueous electrons and hydrogen peroxide increases with increases in the applied discharge voltage. As a result, it has been discovered that the addition of such particles to the fluid in the corona reactor leads to a decrease in exposure ...

DECONTAMINATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

A decontamination apparatus comprises a laser having an optical resonance cavity disposed between a first reflector and a second reflector, and comprises means to pass a fluid for decontamination through at least a first region of the optical resonance cavity.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING PLASMA PARTICLES TO A LIQUID AND USE FOR DISINFECTING WATER

The invention provides a method and apparatus for creating plasma particles and applying the plasma particles to a liquid. Liquid feedstock (e.g., water and/or hydrocarbons mixed with biomass) is pumped through a pipeline; the single-phase stream is then transformed into a biphasic liquid-and-gas stream inside a chamber. The transformation is achieved by transitioning the stream from a high pressure zone to a lower-pressure zone. The pressure drop may occur when the stream further passes through a device for atomizing liquid. Inside the chamber, an electric field is generated with an intensity level that exceeds the threshold of breakdown voltage of the biphasic medium leading to a generation of a plasma state. Furthermore, the invention provides an energy-efficient highly adaptable and versatile method and apparatus for sanitizing water using plasma particles to inactivate biological agents contaminating water.

HIGH PULSED VOLTAGE SYSTEMS FOR EXTENDING THE SHELF LIFE OF PUMPABLE FOOD PRODUCTS

The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for preserving fluid foodstuffs, and more particularly, is directed to such methods and apparatus for extending the shelf life of perishable fluid foodstuffs such as dairy products, fruit juices and liquid egg products, which are growth media for microorganisms. The present invention is also directed to preserved liquid foodstuffs which have extended shelf life.

HIGH PULSED VOLTAGE SYSTEMS FOR EXTENDING THE SHELF LIFE OF PUMPABLE FOOD PRODUCTS

A pulsed field treatment apparatus for applying pulsed electric fields to pumpable foodstuffs has an electric field treatment chamber (108) with a first electrode (302) and a second electrode (308). A solid dielectric separator (318) having a dielectric nonconductive spacer separates the first electrode (302) from the second electrode (308) externally of the chamber and has a minimum surface pathway length between the first electrode (302) and the second electrode (308) of at least twice the minimum distance between the first electrode and the second electrode within the chamber. An inlet conduit (304) is connected to the chamber for introducing pumpable foodstuffs and an outlet conduit (306) is also connected to the chamber for discharing pumpable foodstuffs which have passed through the electric field treatment chamber. A high voltage pulser (112) generates electric pulses at the rate of at least 0.01 pulses per second to the first and second electrodes (302, 308) which are excited by ...

Liquid treatment apparatus and liquid treatment method

A liquid treatment apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a dielectric tube that defines a channel through which water to be treated flows, the channel being split upstream of the dielectric tube into a first channel and a second channel, the first channel and the second channel being merged with each other downstream of the dielectric tube, a first electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel, a second electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel, a first gas-supply unit that supplies gas to form a gas bubble into water to be treated that flows through the first channel, and a first power-supply that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

ADVANCED TREATMENT SYSTEM OF WASTEWATER HAVING PLASMA DISCHARGING VESSEL

Disclosed herein is an advanced treatment system processing contaminated water or fouled water/waste water, and particularly, a system for membrane fouling control and reduction in the amount of sludge producing in a membrane combined-type fouled water/waste water advanced treatment system, and more particularly, a system capable of making sludge soluble using plasma and then re-utilizing cell byproducts of destructed sludge as a supply source of external carbon source, and possibly capable of removing a cake layer formed on a membrane using each kind of radical and ozone generated by plasma.

Organism destruction by electrohydraulic discharge within a pulsed magnetic field envelope

Method of and apparatus for killing microorganisms in a substance, characterized by the step of conjointly generating a magnetic field and an electrohydraulic discharge and subjecting every differential volume of the substance to the combined physical magnetic field and the electrohydraulic discharge of lethal intensity at least once. The physical magnetic field is at least of a sufficient intensity to contain and direct the electrohydraulic discharge and preferably, is itself of lethal intensity. The pulsed magnetic field and the electrohydraulic discharge are repeated at a frequency proportional to the rate of flow of the substance through a volumetric region into which the magnetic field is passed and within which the electrohydraulic discharge electrodes are located. Also discussed are preferred embodiments, in which the substance is a liquid-like substance, such as sewage, chemical waste, liquid mining material, etc.; and preferred apparatus; and preferred modes of operation such as ...

Process of purifying the aqueous effluent from paint, lacquer and varnish spray booths

Disclosed is a process for purifying an aqueous effluent which is formed by the scrubbing with water of the exhaust air from paint, lacquer and varnish spray booths. In the process the aqueous effluent is sprayed at a temperature between 10 and 80° C. vertically from top to bottom into an electric field, which is established between a corona electrode and a collecting electrode and has a voltage between 10,000 and 80,000 volts, a field strength between 0.5 and 10 kV/cm and contains air as a dielectric. The aqueous effluent drained from the collecting electrode is received by a separator, in which the particles of coloring matter and any solvent are separated from the water by density separation.

Method and apparatus for ozone generation and treatment of water

A water treatment apparatus is provided in which the ozone generation and the water treatment may take place simultaneously. The ozone is generated from a continuous supply of air and/or oxygen at the surface of a running water by means of a high voltage electrode placed in the air or in oxygen at some distance above the water surface. The strong electric field between the high voltage electrode and the surface of the electrically grounded water stream generates a multitude of small Taylor cones at the surface of the water. Each Taylor cone goes into corona and in the process it generates the ozone. As the ozone is generated at the water surface, a substantial amount of ozone is immediately dissolved in water and the ozone that diffuses in the air continues to be in contact with the water surface. The undissolved ozone may be percolated through the same water for an additional primary or secondary ozonation.

System and method for plasma discharge in liquid

A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.

High pulsed voltage systems for extending the shelf life of pumpable food products

The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for preserving fluid foodstuffs, and more particularly, is directed to such methods and apparatus for extending the shelf life of perishable fluid foodstuffs such as dairy products, fruit juices and liquid egg products, which are growth media for microorganisms. The present invention is also directed to preserved liquid foodstuffs which have extended shelf life.

Water Container with Integrated Plasma Disinfection

A water container or bottle with integrated disinfection preferably includes a battery compartment, a control printed circuit board (PCB) to manage several parameters including timing, voltage rate, and user-interface. A high voltage power supply is coupled to a set of electrodes to cause an electric discharge. The electric discharge results in a series of reactions in the water that eliminate bacteria and viruses, dissolves organic material, and oxidizes inorganic compounds.

Dielectric barrier reactor having concentrated electric field

A fluid treatment device and method are provided for generating an electric field across a gap between first and second electrode and for concentrating the electric field within a fluid treatment chamber located in the gap.

PLASMA TREATMENT

A plasma treatment apparatus, comprising a housing defining a void (); a source of ionised gas plasma () in communication with the void; and agitation apparatus () arranged to agitate contents of the void. The plasma can typically be generated at ambient pressure from the ambient air in the void. The apparatus can be used, in particular, for the treatment of materials comprising many small components, such as seeds, granular material, plastic beads and the like. 1. A plasma treatment apparatus , comprising:a housing defining a void;a source of ionised gas plasma in communication with the void; andagitation apparatus arranged to agitate contents of the void.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , in which the agitation apparatus comprises part of the housing comprising walls comprising at least one rotating wall.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , in which the source of ionised gas plasma is within the void.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , in which each rotating wall is arranged for rotation around the source.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , comprising drive means arranged to rotate each rotating wall around the source.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , in which the walls comprise at least one fixed wall which is fixed relative to the source.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , provided with a power conduit for transmitting electric power to the source from outside of the void claim 6 , comprising an electrical connection passing through a fixed wall.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a power supply for the source claim 1 , in electrical communication with the source.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , in which the agitation apparatus comprises at least one baffle arranged for movement claim 1 , typically rotational claim 1 , within the void.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , provided with a gas conduit through which a gas can be introduced into the void and optionally a gas exhaust conduit through which the gas can be exhausted from the void.11. The apparatus of claim 10 , provided with a source of ...

WASTE WATER CLEANING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM

電場を用いて生物汚損を低減する方法

... 給水その他の液体の微生物内容を、それが膜又は伝熱装置などのプロセス装置内に入る前に、破壊又は奪活させることによって、生物汚損を低下又は防止する方法。該方法は、放電及び/又は電場を用いて、表面の生物汚損の原因となる微生物を破壊することを含む。水中の微生物を破壊することによって、微生物はプロセス装置表面又は内部での頑固な生物膜を生じることができなくなる。 【選択図】 図1 ...

СПОСОБ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

В обеззараживаемую жидкость перед зоной разряда вводят дополнительные электроды из тяжелых металлов, обработку ведут в проточном режиме тлеющим разрядом постоянного напряжения 0,5 8,0 кВ и силе тока 40 200 мА при давлении в зоне реакции 0,1 100 мм рт. ст. и температуре ниже температуры кипения обрабатываемой жидкости, при этом один или оба электрода размещены в газовой фазе на расстоянии 0,5 30,0 мм от поверхности обрабатываемой жидкости. 1 табл.

ЭЛЕКТРОИМПУЛЬСНАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

Установка относится к области обеззараживания (дезинфекции) жидкостей, включая питьевую и сточную воды, и может быть использована для снижения бактериальной зараженности сточных вод в процессе подготовки питьевой воды. Установка имеет камеру для обработки жидкости, внутренняя стенка которой представляет собой поверхность овалоида вращения вокруг его малой оси. Соосно с ней скомпонован электроразрядный узел из двух коаксиальных изолированных проводников, оканчивающихся электродами, погруженными в жидкость симметрично относительно большой оси камеры. Установка имеет генератор импульсов тока, коммутирующий разрядник, подводящую и отводящую гидросистемы. Технический результат состоит в значительном обеззараживающем эффекте при низкой удельной энергоемкости. 4 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

Способ и устройство для обработки водной среды в потоке

Изобретение относится к технологии очистки воды или водной среды различного происхождения, в частности к высокопроизводительным методам единовременной комплексной обработки воды в потоке водной среды без применения химических реагентов. Устройство для обработки водной среды в потоке, содержащее реакционную камеру с подводящим патрубком и отводящим патрубком и элемент первой ступени сопла, установленный на входе в реакционную камеру, обеспечивающий падение давления на входе в реакционную камеру, а также диффузор, размещенный на выходе из реакционной камеры для торможения потока, при этом реакционная камера выполнена из диэлектрического материала и формируется последовательно установленными в ней по ходу потока кольцевыми электродами, разнесенными по длине камеры для создания в полости реакционной камеры продольного плазменного разряда. Способ обработки водной среды в потоке, включающий направление потока под давлением в элемент первой ступени сопла с дальнейшим истечением потока в реакционную ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПЛАЗМЫ

... 1. Способ получения плазмы, отличающийся тем, что используют не менее двух потоков воды под давлением, расположенных напротив друг друга и вытекающих из открытых концов по меньшей мере пары труб, расположенных на определенном расстоянии друг от друга, при этом в таких трубах расположены электроды противоположных зарядов, на которые подается высокое напряжение, не менее 1000 В, предпочтительно 3000-5000 В, от источника постоянного тока для получения плазмы в промежутке между вытекающими из труб потоками воды.2. Способ получения плазмы по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что подачу тока осуществляют одновременно на все пары электродов.3. Способ получения плазмы по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что подачу тока осуществляют на разные пары электродов в разное время.4. Устройство для получения плазмы, отличающееся тем, что оно состоит не менее чем из одной пары электродов, подключенных к противоположным полюсам источника постоянного тока высокого напряжения, расположенных внутри труб из термостойкого материала ...

СПОСОБ, СОЧЕТАЮЩИЙ СЕПАРАЦИЮ И ВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНУЮ ИМПУЛЬСНУЮ ОБРАБОТКУ ПЕРЕД ГИДРОЛИЗОМ ИЛИ ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕЙ ОЧИСТКОЙ

Способ генерирования ультрамелких пузырьков, устройство генерирования ультрамелких пузырьков и содержащая ультрамелкие пузырьки жидкость

ЭЛЕКТРОИМПУЛЬСНЫЙ СПОСОБ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТИ

Использование: для снижения бактериальной зараженности сточных вод общегородских, ливневых, предприятий пищевой промышленности, поселков, ферм и т. п. , в процессе подготовки питьевой воды для дачных участков, поселков, предприятий пищевой промышленности и т. п., для обеззараживания жидких пищевых продуктов (соков, молока и др.). Сущность изобретения: способ включает в себя операции подачи жидкости при равномерном профиле распределения скорости, зарядку накопителя электроэнергии в режиме постоянной мощности, инициирование электрического разряда в жидкости при скорости нарастания переднего фронта напряжения не менее 1010 В/с, усиление эффекта разрушения микроорганизмов за счет формирования волн растяжения при отражении волн сжатия, образованных электрическим разрядом от свободной поверхности жидкости, подавление или гашение ударных волн в подводящих и отводящих жидкость магистралях. 1 з. п. ф-лы, 1 табл.

APPARATUS FOR ELECTROPULSE TREATMENT OF WATER

Установка для обеззараживания воды электрическими разрядами

Vorrichtung zur Luftaufbereitung sowie Oberflächenbehandlungsanlage mit derselben

Vorrichtung zur Luftaufbereitung mit a) wenigstens einem mit einer Flüssigkeit (14; 114; 214) befüllbaren Reservoir (16; 116; 216); b) einer Luftfördereinrichtung (26; 126; 226; 272); c) einer Kontakteinrichtung (38; 158), welche dafür sorgt, dass die aufzubereitende Luft (32; 132; 232) zu deren Aufbereitung mit der Flüssigkeit (14; 114; 214) in Kontakt kommt; d) einer Umwälzeinrichtung (44; 144; 244), durch welche Flüssigkeit (14; 114; 214) in dem Reservoir (16; 116; 216) in einem Kreislauf aus dem Reservoir (16; 116; 216) heraus und wieder in dieses hinein förderbar ist; wobei e) in dem Kreislauf eine Einrichtung (46; 146; 246; 488) zum Zwecke der Entkeimung der Flüssigkeit (14; 114; 214) vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass f) die Einrichtung (46; 146; 246; 488) zum Zwecke der Entkeimung der Flüssigkeit (14; 114; 214) eine Elektroporationseinrichtung (46; 146; 246; 488) ist.

Verfahren für die Entkeimung (Behandlung) von Wasser mit ionisierten Sauerstoff in Verbindung mit aeroben und anaeroben biologischen Filtersystemen

Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass durch Zugabe von ionisierten Sauerstoff in das zu behandelnde Wasser, für dessen Reinigungsprozess biologische aerobe oder anaerobe Filtersysteme in Anwendung sind, störende Bakterien und Keime abgetötet sowie parallel für den Reinigungsprozess nötige aerobe oder anaerobe Bakterien im Wachstum und Wirksamkeit gefördert werden. Durch dieses Verfahren, wird die Wirksamkeit und Effektivität von aeroben oder anaeroben biologischen Filtersystemen um ein vielfaches optimiert und verbessert. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich durch die folgenden aufgeführten Merkmale aus: • einbringen ionisierten Sauerstoff in den biologischen Reinigungsprozess von aeroben sowie anaeroben Filtersystemen • Abtötung dem biologischen Reinigungsprozess entgegenstehenden Bakterien und Keime • Optimierung der Wirkungsweise und Effizienz von bestehenden biologischen Filtersystemen • Kosteneinsparung bei An- und Auslegung sowie Bau von biologischen Filtersystemen • Erhöhung der Wasserqualität ...

Oberflächenbehandlungsanlage

Eine Oberflächenbehandlungsanlage, insbesondere zum Lackieren, Beschichten, Trocknen und damit verbundenen Vorbereiten von metallischen oder nichtmetallischen Gegenständen (42), enthält einen Kreislauf (44; 144), in dem eine Flüssigkeit (40; 140) umgewälzt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist zum Zwecke der Entkeimung der Flüssigkeit (40; 140) eine Einrichtung (54; 154; 254) zum mechanisch-physikalischen Öffnen von Zellmembranen in den Kreislauf integriert. Die Keime können sich dadurch nicht durch Erzeugung resistenter Stämme der Sterilisation entziehen.

Treating municipal sludge

Treat municipal sludge wastes comprises subjecting the wastes to electrical pulse discharges to kill and split open biological substances, freeing water which is not liberated by a mechanical process. The water is within cells, adheres to the surface of matter and is adsorbed. High voltage pulse charges are discharged into the biological sludge and the biological substance is broken apart and/or killed by the electrical field generated by the high voltage flow along the cell walls and/or a shock wave generated under certain conditions. The voltage, current, electrical field strength and the effect of the current vary and the electrical impulses are introduced by flat-surface electrodes (bare, insulated or part-insulated) generating high electrical field strength at low frequency (e.g. 120 kV/cm at 5 Hz).

Uniform electrical field dielectric barrier discharge reactor

A uniform electrical field dielectric barrier discharge reactor consists of an electrode unit, a dielectric catalyst container and an insulative housing. Each electrode plate of the electrode unit includes an insulative plane frame structure, and discharge needles evenly distributed on the insulative plane frame structure. The dielectric catalyst container is a hollow solid member internally coated with a metallic catalyst coating layer. The flow directing plate is made of a conducting substrate, having two opposite sides thereof covered by a metallic catalyst coating layer. The invention is practical for use in an air purifier, fluid sterilizer or waste water treatment equipment.

Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

METHOD FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM AN ELECTRICAL ARC

A method for treating a liquid using an apparatus includes: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet, and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the second opening of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (d) a wave energy source having a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis. The method includes the steps of providing the above-described apparatus, supplying the liquid to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, and irradiating the liquid with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source. 1. A method for treating a liquid comprising the steps of:providing an apparatus comprising: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet, and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (c) a wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis;supplying the liquid to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head; andirradiating the liquid with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising the step of exposing the liquid to a catalyst.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising the step of filtering the irradiated liquid.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising the step of providing a central core of ...

APPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM AN ELECTRICAL ARC

An apparatus for treating a liquid includes: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (c) a wave energy source having a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis. The liquid is supplied to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, and is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source. 1. An apparatus for treating a liquid comprising:a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet and a throat having an outlet and a central axis;a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat;a wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis; andwherein the liquid is supplied to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, and is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a gas source to provide a central core of gas around the wave energy source.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the gas comprises oxygen claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , an inert gas or a combination thereof.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the gas reduces oxidation of the wave energy source claim 2 , changes a spectrum of one or more of the wave energies or a combination ...

WATER TREATMENT REACTOR

A water treatment reactor, including: a reaction vessel; an electrode; a pulsed power supply; and a regulating assembly, the regulating assembly including a fixation cylinder, an insulation sleeve, and a copper cap. The pulsed power supply is in electric connection with the electrode. The fixation cylinder is fixed on a vessel wall of the reaction vessel. The insulation sleeve is disposed between the electrode and the fixation cylinder. The copper cap is disposed outside the insulation sleeve. An inner flange is disposed on one end of the copper cap. A protrusion is disposed on a middle part of the insulation sleeve and is sandwiched between the vessel wall and the inner flange of the copper cap. The protrusion includes at least two sections; and a rubber ring is disposed between two adjacent sections. The copper cap and the fixation cylinder are in a threaded connection. 2. The water treatment reactor of claim 1 , wherein the protrusion comprises three sections; two rubber rings are provided; and each of the rubber rings is disposed between two adjacent sections of the protrusion.3. The water treatment reactor of claim 1 , wherein the regulating assembly further comprises an insulation layer claim 1 , and the insulation layer is disposed between the inner flange of the copper cap and the insulation sleeve.4. The water treatment reactor of claim 2 , wherein the regulating assembly further comprises an insulation layer claim 2 , and the insulation layer is disposed between the inner flange of the copper cap and the insulation sleeve.5. The water treatment reactor of claim 3 , wherein the insulation sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.6. The water treatment reactor of claim 4 , wherein the insulation sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.7. The water treatment reactor of claim 3 , wherein the insulation layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.8. The water treatment reactor of claim 4 , wherein the insulation layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.9. The ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF LIQUID

A system and method for treatment of a contaminated liquid is described. The system includes a high voltage supply device, a general capacitor bank, one or more general limiting member, such as general switch devices or general resister devices, coupled to the high voltage supply device and to the general capacitor bank. The system further includes one or more working capacitor banks coupled to the general capacitor bank through the general limiting member, and one or more working switches arranged in series with the corresponding working capacitor bank. The system also includes one or more potential electrodes and grounded electrodes immersed in the contaminated liquid and coupled to the working capacitor banks for providing an electric discharge through the contaminated liquid. 1. A system for treatment of a contaminated liquid , comprising:a high voltage supply device having a potential terminal and a ground terminal;a general capacitor bank coupled to the high voltage supply device;at least one general switch device coupled to said high voltage supply device and to the general capacitor bank;at least one working capacitor bank coupled to the general capacitor bank through said at least one general switch;at least one working switch arranged in series with the corresponding working capacitor bank;at least one potential electrode immersed in said contaminated liquid and coupled to said at least one working capacitor bank through said at least one working switch; andat least one grounded electrode defining a gap within the contaminated liquid together with said at least one potential electrode and arranged in series with the working switch for providing an electric discharge through a portion of the contaminated liquid within the gap.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein an electrical capacity of the general capacitor bank is greater than the electrical capacity of said at least one working capacitor bank.3. The system according to claim 1 , comprising at ...

Reducing Waterborne Bacteria and Viruses by a Controlled Electric Field

An apparatus for disinfecting a fluid has a fluid-containing structure; an inward-facing first electrically conductive cylindrical body contained within said fluid-containing structure; an outward-facing electrically conductive second cylindrical body disposed within said first cylindrical body, in mutually facing parallel and coaxial relation thereto, and spaced apart therefrom to define a fluid-occupiable cavity; a power supply electrically coupled between said first cylindrical body and said second cylindrical body, said power supply producing therebetween an electric field, said field comprising a waveform approximating a series of alternating square wave pulses of opposite polarity, said pulses having a maximum absolute value of approximately 60 volts per centimeter, a complete cycle of said waveform, comprising a first pulse and a succeeding pulse of opposite polarity, recurring with a frequency of between about 2 kHz and and about 5 kHz and providing about 2 amps to about 4 amps.

High Velocity Electrostatic Coalescing Oil/Water Separator

An apparatus for separating water from a water-in-oil mixture having an elongated inlet vessel with a lower outlet end and an upper inlet end, the length thereof being a multiple of the largest vessel cross-sectional dimension. A separation vessel having an oil outlet and a divergent water outlet has an inlet passageway in communication with the inlet vessel lower outlet end. At least one electrode is positioned within the inlet vessel by which a mixture flowing therethrough is subjected to an electric field. 1. An apparatus for separating water from a water-in-oil mixture , comprising:an elongated inlet vessel having an outlet end and an inlet end;an elongated separation vessel having an oil outlet and a divergent water outlet and an inlet passageway in communication with said inlet vessel outlet end; andat least one of said inlet vessel and said separation vessel being sloped relative to the horizontal;at least one electrode positioned within at least one of said inlet vessel and said separation vessel by which a mixture flowing therethrough is subjected to an electric field.2. (canceled)3. An apparatus according to in which said separation vessel has a longitudinal axis and wherein said inlet vessel has a longitudinal axis that intersects said separation vessel longitudinal axis.4. An apparatus according to in which said inlet vessel longitudinal axis intersects said separation vessel longitudinal axis at a right angle.5. An apparatus according to in which said at least one of said inlet vessel and said separation vessel has a longitudinal length at least twice the longest cross-sectional vessel dimension.6. An apparatus according to in which at least one of said inlet vessel and said separation vessel is oriented at an angle of about 45° relative to horizontal.7. An apparatus according to wherein said at least one electrode is insulated or uninsulated.8. An apparatus according to claimwherein the mixture is subject to two, separate electric fields provided by ...

LIQUID TREATING APPARATUS AND LIQUID TREATING METHOD

A plasma-generating apparatus includes a first electrode of which at least a part is positioned within a treatment vessel that is to contain liquid, a second electrode of which at least a part is positioned within the treatment vessel, a bubble-generating part which generate a bubble when the liquid is contained in the treatment vessel, such that a surface where conductor is exposed, of a surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned within the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble, a gas-supplying apparatus, a power supply for applying voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. 115-. (canceled)16. A liquid-treating apparatus comprising:a first electrode of which at least a part is placed in a treatment vessel that is to contain liquid,a second electrode of which at least a part is placed in the treatment vessel,a gas-supplying apparatus which supplies gas from the outside of the treatment vessel,a bubble-generating part which supplies, into the liquid, the gas supplied by the gas-supplying apparatus and generates a bubble in the liquid when the liquid is contained in the treatment vessel, anda power supply which applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the bubble-generating part generates the bubble such that at least surface where conductor is exposed, of a surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned in the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble formed of the gas supplied by the gas-supplying apparatus, andthe power supply applies power between the first electrode and the second electrode when the at least surface where the conductor is exposed, of the surface of the first electrode which surface is positioned in the treatment vessel, is positioned within the bubble, to cause plasma generation.17. The liquid-treating apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein a maximum value of the output capacity of the power supply is more than 0 W and less than 1000 W.18. ...

Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

Submerged arc removal of contaminants from liquids

To remove a contaminant from a liquid, a pulsed electrical arc discharge is effected between two electrodes immersed in the liquid, thereby creating a plurality of particles within the liquid. One or both of the electrodes is metallic, for example iron or titanium. Before the pulsed electrical arc discharge is terminated, another step that promotes destruction of the contaminant by particles, such as removing the particles from the liquid or adding an oxidizer to the liquid, is performed. In the case of the extra step being adding an oxidizer to the liquid, preferably the termination of the pulsed electrical arc discharge is followed by allowing the liquid and the particles therein to age.

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING LIQUIDS WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM PLASMA

The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for treating a liquid by providing a santitary type stainless steel hydrocyclone, flowing the liquid through the hydrocyclone, and turning on a plasma torch attached to the hydrocyclone such that a plasma arc irradiates the liquid. The hydrocyclone can be a forward flow hydrocyclone, a reverse flow hydrocyclone, a through flow hydrocyclone, a hydrocyclone pump or a volute. 1. A retrofit kit for converting a centrifugal pump into a liquid treatment apparatus , wherein the centrifugal pump comprises (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having a side discharge , a lower inlet and an upper opening , (b) an impeller assembly attached to the upper opening and (c) a throat having a first opening and a second opening wherein the first opening is attached to the lower inlet , the retrofit kit comprising:an anode that replaces the impeller assembly, wherein the anode comprises (a) a vortex finder attached to a backplate such that the vortex finder extends into the pump volute or hydrocyclone head and the backplate seals the upper opening of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, (b) an electrical connection attached to the vortex finder or backplate, and (c) the anode is made of an electrically and thermally conductive material;a plasma torch that attaches to the vortex finder such that a central axis of the plasma torch, a central axis of the vortex finder, a central axis of the lower inlet and a central axis of the throat are all aligned with one another; andwherein the side discharge becomes a side inlet and the lower inlet becomes a lower outlet such that a liquid flows into the side inlet, cools the anode and is irradiated by a plasma arc from the plasma torch.2. The retrofit kit as recited in claim 1 , wherein the centrifugal pump is a forward flow hydrocyclone claim 1 , a reverse flow hydrocyclone claim 1 , a through flow hydrocyclone claim 1 , a hydrocyclone pump or a volute.3. The retrofit kit as recited ...

PLASMA GENERATION METHOD AND STERILE WATER PRODUCTION METHOD

A pulsed voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electrode and a second electrode to which a gas is supplied, a plasma is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an active species is produced in the plasma. The energy necessary for plasma generation is set to a value greater than or equal to 1.8 W/cmand less than or equal to 8.5 W/cm. 1. A plasma generation method for producing an active species in a plasma , by applying a voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode to which a gas is supplied , and generating the plasma between the first electrode and the second electrode , comprising the steps of:repeatedly applying a pulsed voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and{'sup': 3', '3, 'setting an input energy necessary for generating the plasma to a value greater than or equal to 1.8 W/cmand less than or equal to 8.5 W/cm.'}2. The plasma generation method according to claim 1 , wherein the gas is atmospheric air.3. The plasma generation method according to claim 1 , wherein the input energy is set by adjusting at least one from among a pulse width claim 1 , a peak voltage claim 1 , and a pulse frequency of the pulsed voltage.4. The plasma generation method according to claim 3 , wherein the input energy is set by adjusting the pulse width to a value from 50 to 5000 nsec claim 3 , adjusting the peak voltage to a value from 15 to 35 kV claim 3 , and adjusting the pulse frequency to a value from 0.5 to 50 kHz.5. The plasma generation method according to claim 1 , wherein the input energy is set in a manner so that a concentration of ozone in the plasma is less than or equal to 50 ppm claim 1 , and a concentration of nitrogen oxide in the plasma is less than or equal to 1000 ppm.6. The plasma generation method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed integrally together with a ceramic.7. A sterile water production method for producing sterile ...

Water treatment device, water treatment method, sterile water production device, and sterile water production method

A first electrode and a second electrode, and a ceramic structural body into which a gas is introduced, and which is configured to introduce into water an active species produced by a plasma which is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode are provided. The ceramic structural body and at least one electrode from among the first electrode and the second electrode are formed together in an integrated manner.

Liquid treatment apparatus

There is provided a liquid treatment apparatus which includes a treatment tank which generates a gas phase in a swirling flow of liquid, by swirling an introduced liquid and which treats liquid by applying a pulse voltage to a generated gas phase to generate plasma, in which an insulator which is an insulating space forming member is disposed on a wall surface of one end of the treatment tank so as to prevent a swirling flow from being affected, faces the space connected via the through-hole of the insulator, and thus the first electrode is disposed.

APPARATUS FOR FILTRATION AND DESALINATION AND METHOD THEREFOR

A free-pass-through fluid-purification system is disclosed, wherein the system includes a pore-matrix membrane subtended between a pair of chambers of a manifold. The membrane includes a large open-fraction porous matrix that allows liquid to pass freely through; however, suspended matter having a physical cross-section larger than the size of the pores are blocked. In some embodiments, the cross-sections of the pores are made to be a small fraction of the cross-section of the suspended materials. In some embodiments, electrodes are included on the top and bottom surfaces of the membrane to enable deionization of the fluid.

High-Efficiency Sludge Dehydrator Using An Adaptive Mechanical Vapor Re-compression Process

A unique adaptive method of Mechanical Vapor Re-compression (MVR) to dehydrate abrasive sludge to a dry, sterile state that is nearly moisture free while maintaining extremely high process efficiencies by adaptively tuning the system parameters related to the varying specific plus latent heats of the input feedstream. This Adaptive MVR (AMVR) process is supported by the effective use of a unique method and apparatus for the optimization of the conductive heating process as applied to a range of sludge consistencies.

System and Method for Treating Water Systems with High Voltage Discharge and Ozone

A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation. 17-. (canceled)8. The method of further comprising isolating a power supply to the high voltage generator from other electronic components of the flowing water system.9. The method of further comprising providing one or more ground devices connected to components of the water system.10. The method of wherein the protecting step comprises one or more of the following: connecting one or more electromagnetic interference suppressors to one or more electronic components of the flowing water system claim 14 , segregating a first power supply for the one or more electronic components of the water system from a second power supply for the high voltage generator and connecting one or more grounding devices to one or more pipe segments or to a sump in the flowing water system.11. A method for treating water in a flowing water system with a plasma discharge claim 14 , the method comprising:diverting at least a portion of water from the flowing water system to flow through a reaction chamber comprising an inlet in fluid communication with the water system, an outlet in fluid communication with the water system, a body, a high voltage electrode at least partially disposed within the body, and a ground electrode at least partially disposed within the body;generating the plasma discharge in the diverted portion of water flowing through the reaction chamber body to treat that ...

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS USING UNDERWATER PLASMA DISCHARGE AND WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM INCLUDING SAME

Disclosed are a water treatment apparatus using underwater plasma discharge and a water treatment system using the same. The apparatus includes a reactor having an inlet through which raw water flows in and an outlet through which purified water flows out, a ground electrode provided at a first side of the reactor, and a plasma electrode module provided at a second side of the reactor and configured to generate plasma. With plasma generated through underwater discharge, it is possible to decompose or remove organic substances and microorganisms present in raw water. 1. A water treatment apparatus using underwater plasma discharge , the apparatus comprising:a reactor having an inlet through which raw water flows into the reactor and an outlet through which purified water flows out;a ground electrode provided at a first side of the reactor; anda plasma electrode module provided at a second side of the reactor and configured to generate plasma.2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor further comprises a distance adjuster configured to adjust a distance between the ground electrode and the plasma electrode module.3. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the ground electrode has a plate shape.4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein in the reactor claim 1 , the ground electrode and the plasma electrode module are arranged to face each other.5. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma electrode module comprises: a tungsten base provided with a plurality of holes; a ceramic layer covering an outer circumferential surface of the tungsten base except for the holes; and a plasma electrode having a layered structure in which a ground portion claim 1 , a fixed portion claim 1 , and a discharge portion have a cylinder shape and are sequentially stacked on each other claim 1 , the plasma electrode being disposed in the hole claim 1 ,wherein the ground portion is in ...

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD

A water treatment apparatus including a central electrode, and an outer periphery electrode, water to be treated being treated by applying a high voltage between the central electrode and the outer periphery electrode to thereby form a discharge in a discharge space between the central electrode and the outer periphery electrode and supplying the water to be treated as water droplets or a water film into the discharge space from above the discharge space, the water treatment apparatus further including a water droplet reformation unit connected to the outer periphery electrode, wherein the water droplet reformation unit captures, as trapped water, a portion of the water to be treated falling in the discharge space, performs water droplet reformation by causing the captured trapped water and gas containing oxygen supplied via a gas pipe to be mixed, and jets out water droplets formed by water droplet reformation into the discharge space. 1: A water treatment apparatus comprising:a central electrode provided such that a longitudinal direction thereof is set to be vertical; andan outer periphery electrode provided coaxially with the central electrode so as to surround the central electrode,water to be treated being treated by applying a high voltage between the central electrode and the outer periphery electrode to thereby form a discharge in a discharge space between the central electrode and the outer periphery electrode and supplying the water to be treated as water droplets or a water film into the discharge space from above the discharge space, a water droplet reformation unit connected to the outer periphery electrode, wherein', 'the water droplet reformation unit captures, as trapped water, a portion of the water to be treated falling in the discharge space, performs water droplet reformation by causing the captured trapped water and gas containing oxygen supplied via a gas pipe to be mixed, and jets out water droplets formed by water droplet reformation into ...

REDUCING WATERBORNE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES BY A CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FIELD

An apparatus for disinfecting a fluid has a fluid-containing structure; an inward-facing first electrically conductive cylindrical body contained within said fluid-containing structure; an outward-facing electrically conductive second cylindrical body disposed within said first cylindrical body, in mutually facing parallel and coaxial relation thereto, and spaced apart therefrom to define a fluid-occupiable cavity; a power supply electrically coupled between said first cylindrical body and said second cylindrical body, said power supply producing therebetween an electric field, the field having a waveform approximating a series of alternating square wave pulses of opposite polarity, said pulses having a maximum absolute value of approximately 60 volts per centimeter, a complete cycle of said waveform has a first pulse and a succeeding pulse of opposite polarity, recurring with a frequency of between about 1 kHz and and about 5 kHz and providing about 2 amps to about 4 amps. 1. An apparatus for disinfecting a fluid , comprising:a fluid-containing structure;an inward-facing first electrically conductive cylindrical body contained within said fluid-containing structure;an outward-facing electrically conductive second cylindrical body disposed within said first cylindrical body, in mutually facing parallel and coaxial relation thereto, and spaced apart therefrom to define a fluid-occupiable cavity;a power supply electrically coupled between said first cylindrical body and said second cylindrical body, said power supply producing therebetween an electric field,said field comprising a waveform approximating a series of alternating square wave pulses of opposite polarity,said pulses having a maximum absolute value of approximately 60 volts per centimeter,a complete cycle of said waveform, comprising a first pulse and a succeeding pulse of opposite polarity, recurring with a frequency of between 1 kHz and 5 kHz.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said waveform comprises a ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FLUIDS

A system and method for treatment of a wastewater fluid is described. The system includes a gas supply system to provide a process gas into the wastewater fluid, a pulsed electrical-power generator to generate high electrical voltage pulses and a reactor apparatus pneumatically coupled to the gas supply system, and electrically coupled to the pulsed electrical-power generator. The reactor apparatus is configured to produce a plurality of gas microbubbles of the process gas injected into the wastewater fluid supplied into the reactor apparatus for the treatment, and to apply the high electrical voltage pulses generated by the pulsed electrical-power generator to said plurality of the microbubbles. The high electrical voltage pulses have energy sufficient to create a plasma glow discharge within the plurality of the microbubbles, and in an interface of the microbubbles with the wastewater fluid. 1. A system for treatment of a wastewater fluid comprising:a gas supply system configured to provide a process gas into the wastewater fluid;a pulsed electrical-power generator configured to generate high electrical voltage pulses;a reactor apparatus pneumatically coupled to the gas supply system, and electrically coupled to the pulsed electrical-power generator,wherein the reactor apparatus is configured to produce a plurality of gas microbubbles of the process gas injected into the wastewater fluid supplied into the reactor apparatus for the treatment, and to apply the high electrical voltage pulses generated by the pulsed electrical-power generator to said plurality of the microbubbles; the high electrical voltage pulses have energy sufficient to create a plasma glow discharge within the plurality of the microbubbles, and in an interface of the microbubbles with the wastewater fluid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor apparatus includes a housing comprising:a gas input plenum arranged at a lower portion of the housing and including a pneumatic inlet configured to ...

Water treatment apparatus and water treatment method

A water treatment apparatus includes: a trough-shaped flow path portion (2) on which treatment target water (W) flows; a high-voltage portion (3) having a plurality of high-voltage electrodes (4) disposed above the flow path portion (2) spacing therebetween in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the treatment target water (W) flows; and an electric field relaxation portion (5) having first members (6) and second members (7) provided so as to extend around the high-voltage portion (3). Water treatment is performed by applying a high voltage from a pulse power supply (8) to the high-voltage portion (3), the first members (6), and the second members (7) in order to generate electric discharge between the high-voltage electrodes (4) and the flow path portion (2). And water treatment is performed by dissolving generated active species such as ozone and hydroxyl radicals into the treatment target water.

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

A liquid treatment apparatus constituted of: a vessel arranged to contain liquid; at least one first electrode in contact with the liquid; at least one second electrode in contact with the liquid; an electrical pulse generator, a first polarity output of the electrical pulse generator coupled to each of the first electrodes and a second polarity output of the electrical pulse generator coupled to each of the second electrodes, the first polarity opposing the second polarity; at least one third electrode disposed in the liquid in the vessel, and a mechanical force generator arranged to provide a predetermined mechanical force along a predetermined path within the liquid, a portion of the mechanical force applied to the least one third electrode so as to chaotically interrupt a conducting pathway formed by the at least one third electrode between a pair of the first and second electrodes. 1. An apparatus for treating a liquid , the apparatus comprising:a vessel arranged to contain the liquid;at least one first electrode in contact with the liquid in said vessel;at least one second electrode in contact with the liquid in said vessel;an electrical pulse generator, a first polarity output of said electrical pulse generator coupled to each of said first electrodes and a second polarity output of said electrical pulse generator coupled to each of said second electrodes, said first polarity opposing said second polarity;at least one third electrode disposed in the liquid in said vessel, anda mechanical force generator arranged to provide a predetermined mechanical force, a portion of said predetermined mechanical force applied to said least one third electrode so as to chaotically interrupt a conducting pathway formed by said at least one third electrode between a pair of said first and said second electrodes,wherein said provided predetermined mechanical force is a predetermined rotational mechanical force or a force provided by a predetermined pumped flow of the liquid ...

System and Method for Purifying Water

A water purifying and recovery system includes a first vessel defining an interior area and having an inlet for receiving water into the interior area to be purified and an outlet for draining the water from the interior area, the first vessel defining an open top in communication with the interior area. A first electrode assembly includes a first cap selectively situated in the open top of the first vessel, the first electrode assembly having a first electrode body operatively depending from the first cap and positioned in the interior area of the first vessel, the first electrode assembly being electrically connected to an electricity source and configured to energize the first electrode body. The first electrode assembly is configured to separate a predetermined first impurity from the water that is in the interior area of the first vessel when energized. 1. A method for purifying and recovering water from a single water stream , comprising:receiving water from the single water stream into a first vessel defining an interior area and having an inlet for receiving water into said interior area to be purified and an outlet for draining the water from said interior area, said first vessel defining an open top in communication with said interior area; a first cap selectively situated in said open top of said first vessel;', 'a first electrode body operatively depending from said first cap and positioned in said interior area of said first vessel, said first electrode assembly being electrically connected to an electricity source and configured to energize said first electrode body;, 'passing the received water over a first electrode assembly situated in the interior area of said first vessel, said first electrode assembly comprisingseparating a predetermined first impurity from the water that is in said interior area of said first vessel by energizing said first electrode body;wherein said first electrode body is constructed of a predetermined metal and is energized ...

Multiple oxygen allotrope generator

An oxygen allotrope generator having a tube with an electrically grounded outer surface and an electrically positive inner surface. A plurality of corona reaction plates are spaced along the interior of the tube, the plates being longitudinally inter-connected by wires and being in electrical connection with the electrically positive inner surface of the tube. An outer jacket encloses the tube and provides a second linear pass for partially ozonated gas to flow in the generator. An alternative embodiment includes external distributed ground connections at the locations of the corona reaction.

ELECTRO-COALESCER CELL WITH TURBULANCE-INDUCING SHAPE FOR MAXIMIZED PERFORMANCE

The electro-coalescer includes: a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a power source; and one or more pipes fluidly connecting the inlet and the outlet, each pipe having an electrode disposed therethrough. The electrodes are coupled to the power source. The pipes are configured to connect to an electrical ground and an electric field is generated between the electrode and the pipe through which it is disposed. An internal surface of each of the one or more pipes is configured to induce turbulence in a fluid flowing through the pipes. 1. An electro-coalescer , comprising:a fluid inlet;a fluid outlet;a power source; andone or more pipes fluidly connecting the inlet and the outlet, each pipe having an electrode disposed therethrough; the electrodes are coupled to the power source,', 'the pipes are configured to connect to an electrical ground, whereby an electric field is generated between the electrode and the pipe through which it is disposed, and', 'an internal surface of each of the one or more pipes is configured to induce turbulence in a fluid flowing through the pipes., 'wherein'}2. The electro-coalescer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises a direct current power source claim 1 ,wherein the direct current power source supplies a direct current that is optionally continuous or pulsed.3. The electro-coalescer as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising: an inductor coupled in parallel with the electrodes, the inductor and electrodes defining a resonant circuit; and', 'a signal generator coupled to the power source and the electrodes and operable to apply an alternating current signal to the electrodes at a frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit in the presence of the fluid., 'a controller, comprising4. The electro-coalescer as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe pipes have a length to internal diameter ratio of up to about 50:1.5. The electro-coalescer as claimed in claim 1 , whereinat least one of the electrodes may be ...

Apparatus and Method for Generating Metal Ions in a Fluid Stream

An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters and exits the housing. Within the housing and between the inlet and outlet ports is an electrode assembly that includes first electrode ring assemblies and second electrode ring assemblies. Each first electrode ring assembly includes a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more first electrode plates span the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. Each second electrode ring assembly includes a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more second electrode plates span the interior of the second tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. The first tubular sections of the first electrode ring assemblies are in fluid communication with the second tubular sections of the second electrode ring assemblies. 1. An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream , the apparatus comprising:a housing having an inlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters the housing and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream exits the housing; and [ a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material, the first tubular section having an interior through which flows the fluid waste stream; and', 'one or more first electrode plates that span a portion of the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream, the one or more first electrode plates formed at least partially of a first metal; and, 'one or more first electrode assemblies, each comprising, a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material, the second tubular section having an interior through which flows the fluid waste stream; and', 'one or more ...

WASTEWATER RISK MATERIAL REDUCTION EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING ECOTOXICITY AND METHOD THEREOF

Provided is wastewater risk material reduction equipment for removing ecotoxicity, including an oxidation tank configured to supply wastewater to a main decomposition unit and a main decomposition unit configured to treat wastewater, wherein the main decomposition unit includes a decomposition tank, a main electron generating device provided out of the decomposition tank to generate electrons, a main electron injection line configured to move the electrons from the main electron generating device into the decomposition tank, a wave generating device provided in the decomposition tank to activate the electrons by applying an electric field to the electrons generated by the main electron generating device, and a plurality of plates provided at an inner wall of the decomposition tank and at the main electron injection line and spaced apart from each other. 1. Wastewater risk material reduction equipment for removing ecotoxicity , comprising:an oxidation tank configured to supply wastewater to a main decomposition unit; anda main decomposition unit configured to treat wastewater, a decomposition tank;', 'a main electron generating device provided out of the decomposition tank to generate electrons;', 'a main electron injection line configured to move the electrons from the main electron generating device into the decomposition tank;', 'a wave generating device provided in the decomposition tank to activate the electrons by applying an electric field to the electrons generated by the main electron generating device; and', 'a plurality of plates provided at an inner wall of the decomposition tank and at the main electron injection line and spaced apart from each other., 'wherein the main decomposition unit includes2. The wastewater risk material reduction equipment of claim 1 , further comprising:a subsidiary decomposition unit configured to primarily decompose the wastewater before supplying the wastewater from the oxidation tank to the main decomposition unit, a ...

Water Treatment Apparatus And Method For Treatment Of Water

A ballast water treatment apparatus including a ballast water transport line configured to transport a ballast water main stream, a plasma generation device configured to generate an activated gas from a feed gas; and a mixing device. The plasma generation device includes a feed gas inlet for a feed gas, a first electrode and a second electrode, for activating the feed gas by an electric discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode thereby generating the activated gas, a cooling fluid passage for cooling the plasma generation device, the cooling fluid passage having a cooling fluid inlet and a cooling fluid outlet, the cooling fluid passage being fed with a cooling fluid, and a combining section being configured to combine the activated gas with the cooling fluid from the cooling fluid outlet to generate an activated fluid product. The mixing device is configured to mix the activated fluid product and the ballast water main stream. 1. A water treatment apparatus , comprising:a water transport line configured to transport a water main stream;a plasma generation device configured to generate an activated gas from a feed gas; anda mixing device; a feed gas inlet for a feed gas;', 'a first electrode and a second electrode, for activating the feed gas by an electric discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode thereby generating the activated gas;', 'a cooling fluid passage for cooling the plasma generation device, the cooling fluid passage having a cooling fluid inlet and a cooling fluid outlet, the cooling fluid passage being fed with a cooling fluid; and', 'a combining section being configured to combine the activated gas with the cooling fluid from the cooling fluid outlet to generate an activated fluid product;, 'the plasma generation device comprisingthe mixing device being configured to mix the activated fluid product and the water main stream.2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a plasma is generated ...

Method And Device For A Plasma-Induced Water Purification

The invention relates to a method of purifying water contaminated with at least one wastewater substance, wherein the wastewater substance has at least one compound with a binding energy that is lower than the binding energy of a simple hydrogen-oxygen bond. The method comprises the following steps: Providing the contaminated water to a specified fill level in an ungrounded water reservoir within a reaction chamber; applying a high-frequency alternating voltage to precisely one flat cooled plasma electrode arranged at a specified distance above the fill level of the water reservoir at atmospheric pressure, such that a plasma forms in the high-frequency field between the plasma electrode and a surface of the water, the energy input of the plasma being sufficient to dissociate compounds with a binding energy that is lower than or equal to that of a simple hydrogen-oxygen bond; and measuring the concentration of the at least one wastewater substance. 1. Method of purifying wastewater contaminated with at least one wastewater substance , wherein the wastewater substance has at least one compound with a binding energy that is lower than the binding energy of a simple hydrogen-oxygen bond , comprising the steps:providing the contaminated water to a predefined fill level of a reaction chamber within an ungrounded water reservoir;applying a high-frequency alternating voltage at atmospheric pressure to flat cooled plasma electrode arranged at a predefined distance above the wastewater at the predetermined fill level so that a plasma forms in the high-frequency field between the plasma electrode and a surface of the wastewater, the energy input of such plasma being sufficient to cause compounds with a binding energy lower than or equal to that of the simple hydrogen-oxygen bond to be dissociated; andmeasuring the concentration of the at least one wastewater substance.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the high-frequency alternating voltage is applied to the plasma ...

Systems and methods for clustering particles by liquid-phase electric plasma discharge

The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for clustering particles, especially water contaminants, by liquid-phase electric plasma discharge. According to certain implementations, the discharge may be applied continuously, and may be of relatively low power, e.g., a voltage between 300 V and 5000 V and an amperage between 0.1 A and 1 A. The electrodes introducing the electric discharge may be in a point-to-point configuration and with at least one electrode having a large aspect ratio. In some implementations, one or more of the voltage and amperage of the electric discharge, electrode configuration and aspect ratio, and the conductivity of the medium may enable the generation of plasma containing hydroxyl and other radicals. The radicals may catalyze polymerization of the particles, resulting in an increase in particle size and, thus, improved filterability. The polymerization process may continue after the electric discharge is discontinued or removed from influence of the medium.

NON-THERMAL PLASMA TREATMENT APPARATUS, METHOD AND SYSTEM

The invention comprises an apparatus, method and system used to treat various liquids, seeds, and soil or other growth media used in cultivating plants by exposure to a plasma discharge. The system comprises a novel electrode structure which utilizes a tapered inner electrode and a porous outer electrode to create a three-dimensional plasma discharge, which is applied to liquid, seeds or growth media through removably attachable sub-assemblies. When used to treat water or seeds, highly-concentrated plasma activated water (PAW) and disease and drought resistant plasma activated seeds (PAS), respectively, are produced, which improve germination rate and efficiency, and eliminate the need for ammonia-based chemical fertilizers. 1. A device for non-thermal plasma treatment of liquids , seeds , and growth media , comprising: i. a center electrode', 'ii. a center electrode insulator', 'iii. a plasma reactor housing', 'iv. a porous outer electrode', 'v. a reaction zone that includes the area between the center electrode and the porous outer electrode, and above a discharge aperture;', 'vi. a discharge aperture at the end of the reaction zone where plasma is released from the plasma reactor vessel assembly and directed to one or more system component sub-assemblies;, 'a) One or more plasma reactor vessel assemblies, further comprisingb) an electrical system including ignition connection hardware and a plasma ignition unit electronically connected to the center electrode and the porous outer electrode, wherein said plasma ignition unit is configured to operate at either a set voltage and frequency or at an oscillating voltage and frequency;c) an air supply unit further comprising: an air pump removably attached to an air filter and in contact with an external air supply, said air pump pressurizes filtered air and releases it to a large air hose, said large air hose is connected at a first end to the air pump and connected at a second end by a Y-fitting to a plurality of ...

WATER TREATMENT DEVICE AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD

A water treatment device includes a grounding electrode having a planar flowing water portion that causes treatment target water to flow, a multiple of wire form high voltage electrodes provided parallel with the flowing water portion in a position distanced from the flowing water portion of the grounding electrode and to extend in a direction intersecting a flow direction of the treatment target water, and a blowing device that forms a gas flow that intersects an extension direction of the high voltage electrode and intersects an extension direction of an electrical discharge. This kind of configuration is such that even when water droplets adhere to the high voltage electrode, the water droplets are blown away by a pressure of the gas flow formed by the blowing device, and a spark discharge is restricted. 1. A water treatment device , comprising;a grounding electrode having a planar filming water portion that causes treatment target water to flow;a multiple of high voltage electrodes provided parallel with the flowing water portion in a position distanced from the flowing water portion of the grounding electrode and so as to extend in a direction intersecting a flow direction of the treatment target water;a frame having a gas supply port that supplies a gas that generates a radical owing to an electrical discharge between the grounding electrode and the high voltage electrode, and a supply port and a discharge port of the treatment target water, and housing the grounding electrode and the high voltage electrode; andblowing means that induces a gas flow in an interior of the frame, whereinthe blowing means forms a gas flow with respect to an electrical discharge region from the high voltage electrode to a surface of the treatment target water on the flowing water portion, the gas flow intersects an extension direction of the high voltage electrode and intersects with extension direction of the electrical discharge which formed from the high voltage electrode to the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING ORGANIC-MATERIAL-CONTAINING WATER

The present invention seeks to decompose and remove various types of organic materials contained in oilfield water by one operation. To this end, this method for treating oilfield water is provided with: a step for obtaining primary treated water containing organic material by removing the solid content and oil content from oilfield water; and a step for decomposing the organic material by exposing the primary treated water to discharge plasma, wherein the discharge plasma is generated by a nanosecond pulse power source for outputting a pulse having a pulse width of 10 ns or less. 1. A device for treating organic material containing water , comprising:an electrode pair including an outer first electrode and a second electrode extended in an inner space of said first electrode along the longitudinal direction of said first electrode;a pulse power source applying a high pulse voltage to said electrode pair;an inlet and an outlet for water to be treated, said inlet and outlet being in communication with the inner space of the first electrode;an inlet and an outlet for oxygen containing gas, said inlet and outlet being in communication with the inner space of the first electrode; andsaid pulse power source is a nanosecond pulse power source which generates a pulse having a pulse width of 10 ns or less and a voltage rising speed of 10 kV/ns or more wherein organic materials contained in said water which is sprayed into the inner space from the inlet are decomposed by exposure to a nanosecond pulse discharge plasma generated under an oxygen atmosphere.2. A device for treating organic material containing water , comprising:an electrode pair consisting of a spacedly opposed first electrode and second electrode; anda power source for applying a high frequency voltage to said electrode pair;wherein water to be treated is sprayed into a space between said electrode pair and a distance between said first electrode and second electrode varies in the propagation direction of high ...

Apparatus and Method for Generating Metal Ions in a Fluid Stream

An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters and exits the housing. Within the housing and between the inlet and outlet ports is an electrode assembly that includes first electrode ring assemblies and second electrode ring assemblies. Each first electrode ring assembly includes a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more first electrode plates span the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. Each second electrode ring assembly includes a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material and has an interior through which the fluid waste stream flows. One or more second electrode plates span the interior of the second tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream. The first tubular sections of the first electrode ring assemblies are in fluid communication with the second tubular sections of the second electrode ring assemblies. 1. An apparatus for providing metal ions to a fluid waste stream , the apparatus comprising:a housing having an inlet port through which the fluid waste stream enters the housing and an outlet port through which the fluid waste stream exits the housing; and the electrode assembly comprising:', a first tubular section formed of electrically insulative material, the first tubular section having an interior through which flows the fluid waste stream; and', 'one or more first electrode plates that span a portion of the interior of the first tubular section and contact the fluid waste stream, the one or more first electrode plates formed at least partially of a first metal; and, 'one or more first electrode assemblies, each comprising, a second tubular section formed of electrically insulative material, the second tubular section having an interior through which flows the fluid ...

Electrocoagulation System and Method Using Plasma Discharge

An apparatus, system and method for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The apparatus includes a reactor with a hollow interior accommodating a volume of wastewater for treatment, and electrodes contacting or at least partially submerged in the wastewater. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes, such as three-phase AC power, of sufficient levels to generate plasma discharge from the electrodes and within the wastewater. Electrocoagulation occurs concurrent with the plasma discharge. A system including at least one reactor is a flow-through system, and may have a recirculation loop for recirculating wastewater for additional passes of treatment. A pump(s) and series of valves control the movement of wastewater through the system, and a control panel may be included to direct the operation of various components of the system. The control panel may also include a user interface for information display, input by an operator, and automation. 1. An apparatus for treating fluid , comprising:a reactor having an interior space to receive and retain said fluid; anda plurality of plasma producing electrodes extending into said interior space of said reactor, at least a portion of said plurality of electrodes contacting said fluid and generating plasma discharge in said fluid when energy is applied thereto, and at least a portion of said plurality of electrodes contacting said fluid and electrochemically reacting with said fluid when energy is applied thereto for electrocoagulation of said fluid.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of each of said plurality of plasma producing electrodes has an elongate portion disposed parallel to said elongate portion of other ones of said plurality of electrodes.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of plasma producing electrodes includes a number of electrodes in multiples of three.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein ...

Water treatment unit

A water treatment unit performs a normal operation during which discharge parts generate an electric discharge in a state where water flows into a treatment vessel and treated water flows out of the treatment vessel. When the water treatment unit starts operating, the water treatment unit performs a preparatory operation for a predetermined period of time before starting the normal operation. During the preparatory operation, the discharge parts generate an electric discharge in a state where an outflow of the water from the treatment vessel is stopped. As a result, the water which has been stagnating in the treatment vessel while the water treatment unit is not operating and in which bacteria have grown is sufficiently sterilized.

LIQUID TREATMENT DEVICE AND LIQUID TREATMENT METHOD

The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment device and a liquid treatment method each capable of efficiently generating plasma and treating a liquid in a short time period. A liquid treatment device according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a liquid, an insulator disposed surrounding the first electrode through a space, the insulator having an opening portion at a position in contact with the liquid, and a power supply that applies an AC voltage or a pulse voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. 1. A liquid treatment device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode disposed in a liquid;an insulator disposed surrounding the first electrode through a space, the insulator having an opening portion at a position in contact with the liquid; anda power supply that applies an AC voltage or a pulse voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. A liquid treatment device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode disposed in a liquid;an insulator disposed surrounding the first electrode through a space, the insulator having an opening portion at a position in contact with the liquid; anda power supply that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereina gas is generated by vaporizing the liquid in the space by applying the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode by the electric power supply, and whereinplasma is generated by causing an electric discharge when the gas is released from the opening portion into the liquid.3. The liquid treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the opening portion has a diameter in a range from 0.3 mm to 2 mm.4. The liquid treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the opening portion is arranged such that its opening orientation is upward in a vertical direction for a side face of the insulator.5. The liquid treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING CYANOTOXIN FROM WATER USING A PLASMA DEVICE

A method for treating water is provided. The method includes feeding gas through a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) jet device having an electrode and a ground electrode disposed in water comprising at least one organic toxin derived from a biological organism to generate a cavity in the water, and powering the electrode such that a plasma jet is generated in the cavity. The plasma jet interacts with the water to generate oxidizing agents that oxidize and decompose organic toxins in the water. 1. A method for treating water , the method comprising:feeding gas through a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) jet device having an electrode and a ground electrode disposed in water comprising at least one organic toxin derived from a biological organism to generate a cavity in the water; andpowering the electrode such that a plasma jet is generated in the cavity,wherein the plasma jet interacts with the water to generate oxidizing agents that oxidize and decompose the at least one organic toxin in the water.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding gas through the DBD jet device comprises injecting air into the DBD jet device with an air compressor.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the powering the electrode comprises powering the electrode with a variable frequency alternating current (AC) source.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the variable frequency AC source provides positive voltage pulses of from greater than or equal to about 1 kV to less than or equal to about 30 kV at a repetition rate of from greater than or equal to about 1 kHz to less than or equal to about 20 kHz.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agents comprise hydroxyl radicals claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , and ozone.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic toxin comprises microcystin-LR.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:filtering the water to remove cells and naturally occurring organic ...

Plasma Treatment System With Multiple Horizontal Channels

A system with electrical discharge plasma for treating a liquid, the system includes a sealed process tank and multiple EDP channels. The EDP channel consists of a cathode and an anode, a gas hood and a gas diffuser. The EDP channel possesses cathode above the water surface and anode below the water surface. The EDP channel possesses gas hood at the top of the EDP channel and gas diffuser at the bottom of the EDP channel. The system with electrical discharge plasma used for destruction of contaminants in water or wastewater. 1. A system with electrical discharge plasma for treating a liquid comprising{'b': '22', 'a sealed process tank ();'}{'b': '26', 'a plurality of EDP channel ();'}{'b': 26', '50', '52', '44', '34, 'wherein said plurality of EDP channel () consists of cathode () and anode (); a gas hood () and a gas diffuser ().'}22650545254. The system with electrical discharge plasma as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of EDP channel () having said cathode () above the local water surface () and said anode () below the water surface ().326263426. The system with electrical discharge plasma as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of EDP channel () having said gas hood at the top of the EDP channel () and said gas diffuser () at the bottom of the EDP channel ().45052. The system with electrical discharge plasma as claimed in claim 2 , wherein electrical discharge arcing between said cathode () and said anode () creates plasma from the process gas.534265426. The system with electrical discharge plasma as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said gas diffuser () is configured to bubble said process gas through the water in the EDP channel () claim 1 , wherein said gas bubbles convey polar target contaminant(s) to a local water surface () of the EDP channel ().64450. The system with electrical discharge plasma as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said gas hood () is a downturned tray that claim 1 , when submerged claim 1 , provides a headspace containing said ...

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS USING ELECTROSTATIC FIELD

Disclosed is an electrostatic field water treatment apparatus comprising: a high voltage unit to which a high voltage is to be supplied, and an earth ground unit connected to an earth ground and used as a pipe through which water is to pass, wherein the high voltage unit is disposed at a central part of the earth ground unit and comprises a high voltage insulation cable to which a high voltage is to be supplied and an electrode case configured to cover the high voltage insulation cable and consisting of an insulator. 1. An electrostatic field water treatment apparatus comprising:a high voltage unit to which a high voltage is to be supplied, andan earth ground unit connected to an earth ground and used as a pipe through which water is to pass,wherein the high voltage unit is disposed at a central part of the earth ground unit and comprises a high voltage insulation cable to which a high voltage is to be supplied and an electrode case configured to cover the high voltage insulation cable and consisting of an insulator,wherein the pipe is formed of any one conductor of iron, aluminum, copper and titanium,wherein the high voltage is a direct current voltage or a pulse voltage and has a value between +1,000V and −1,000V,wherein the insulator is formed of any one of glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC and Teflon,wherein a magnitude of current is 0.01 A or less, andwherein a water inlet direction and a water outlet direction of the earth ground unit are provided at one end or both ends of the earth ground unit.2. An electrostatic field water treatment apparatus comprising:a high voltage unit comprising a high voltage insulation cable to which a high voltage is to be supplied;a pipe through which water is to pass and which is covered by the high voltage insulation cable, andan earth ground unit disposed in the pipe, formed to have a rod shape and connected to an earth ground,wherein the high voltage is a direct current voltage or a pulse voltage and has a value between ...

SUBMERGED DISCHARGE DEVICE

In a submerged discharge device, a pair of electrodes is arranged in a liquid in a reservoir to receive an alternating voltage from an alternating power source, thereby generating a submerged discharge using a discharger arranged in the liquid between the pair of electrodes. A surface of this pair of electrodes has a coating that ensures the submerged discharge generated by the discharger. This may reduce the area of contact between the surface of the pair of electrodes and the liquid in the treatment vessel to reduce the consumption of the pair of electrodes. 1. A submerged discharge device comprising:an alternating power source;a pair of electrodes arranged in a liquid in a reservoir, the pair being configured to receive an alternating voltage from the power source; anda discharger arranged between the pair of electrodes, the discharger being configured to generate a submerged discharge somewhere along a current path between the pair of electrodes, whereina surface of the pair of electrodes has a coating configured to allow a submerged discharge to be generated by the discharger, and to reduce consumption of the pair of electrodes.2. The submerged discharge device of claim 1 , whereinthe pair of electrodes is made of titanium, andthe coating is a film made of titanium oxide.3. The submerged discharge device of claim 1 , whereinthe coating is a conductive resin covering a surface of the pair of electrodes.4. The submerged discharge device of claim 1 , whereinthe pair of electrodes is made of carbon fibers, andthe coating is a conductive resin impregnated in the surface of the pair of electrodes.5. The submerged discharge device of claim 1 , wherein includes an insulative divider having a through hole, and', 'generates a submerged discharge in the through hole of the divider to sterilize the liquid in the reservoir., 'the discharger'}6. The submerged discharge device of claim 2 , wherein includes an insulative divider having a through hole, and', 'generates a ...

GAS/LIQUID PLASMA REACTOR WITH PULSED POWER SUPPLY AND SECONDARY DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODES

A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid includes a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase. The reactor vessel can have a gas injection port, a gas exit port, and a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location. A pulsed discharge power supply delivers a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creates a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location. A secondary electric field source is provided for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface. The secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species is also disclosed. 1. A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid , comprising:a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase, and having a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel;a pulsed discharge cathode and anode for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location;a pulsed discharge power supply for delivering a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creating a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location;a secondary electric field source for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface;wherein the secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species.2. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the ions are negative ions.3. The reactor system of claim 2 , wherein the negative ions are electrons.4. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary electric field source comprises a direct ...

Water treatment apparatus for the sterilization of water using electrical energy

A water treatment apparatus includes sterilization means capable of effectively suppressing the proliferation of bacteria in a water storage tank of a humidifier or a water purifier by using only electrical energy without the need for any chemical sterilization process. Specifically, the water treatment apparatus includes a water storage tank, electrode rods made of a metal selected from Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, and alloys thereof and arranged to face each other at both sides on the bottom surface of the water storage tank, and a field effect transistor connected to the electrode rods through 2.0 to 5.0 mm thick electric wires. The electrode rods at one side are connected to a positive (+) electrode and the electrode rods at the other side are connected to a negative (−) electrode.

Methods of and system for generating antimicrobial wipes

Exemplary methods of and system for generating an antimicrobial wipe to clean and disinfect a surface contaminated with bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the method includes applying non-thermal plasma to a moistened wipe to activate a liquid in the wipe. In some embodiments, the method includes applying non-thermal plasma to a liquid and then applying the activated liquid to a wipe. In one embodiment of a system for generating an antimicrobial wipe the system includes a housing having an opening; a supply of wipes disposed within the housing; a non-thermal plasma generator disposed within the housing; a power supply electrically coupled to the non-thermal plasma generator; and a feed system disposed within the housing, wherein the feed system moves one or more wipes from the supply of wipes past the plasma generator and out of the opening. As the feed system moves the wipes past the plasma generator, the plasma generator applies non-thermal plasma to the wipes.

DECONTAMINATION OF FLUIDS VIA JOULE-HEATING

A method of, and apparatus and system for, decontaminating a liquid containing dissolved solids including subjecting liquid containing dissolved solids to Joule heating under conditions effective to cause said dissolved solids to precipitate out of solution. 1. A method of decontaminating a liquid containing dissolved solids comprising:subjecting a liquid containing dissolved solids to Joule heating under conditions effective to cause said dissolved solids to precipitate out of solution.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an electrical current is passed through said liquid claim 1 , to Joule heat said liquid;wherein a portion of said liquid vaporizes, causing a portion of said dissolved solids to precipitate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said liquid is heated to a pseudocritical temperature and subsequently a vapor is separated from said liquid claim 2 , causing dissolved solids to precipitate from remaining liquid claim 2 , and wherein precipitated solids are collected in the remaining liquid.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said liquid is present in a fluid path associated with a reactor including an electrode claim 2 , and wherein the passing of said electrical current occurs within said reactor.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said Joule-heating occurs in the absence of any external heating of said reactor.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the reactor includes a reactor body housing an inner electrode claim 4 , and wherein said electrical current is an alternating current applied between the inner electrode and the reactor body.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the liquid between the inner electrode and the reactor body acts as a path for said electrical current to conduct claim 6 , resulting in a complete electrical circuit.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising measuring the level of the liquid within the reactor by measuring the resistance of said electrode.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising changing the level of the liquid within ...

Water treatment device using high voltage impulse

A water treatment device using high voltage impulse is disclosed, the device including a high voltage impulse generator configured to generate a high voltage impulse by receiving an outside electric power source and operating in response to an outside control based on the applied outside electric power source, and a reactor configured to generate a reaction water by receiving the high voltage impulse from the high voltage impulse generator to process a source water.

TREATMENT DEVICE, STERILIZATION DEVICE, STERILIZATION WATER, AND STERILIZATION METHOD

A treatment apparatus and a sterilization apparatus each include a liquid reservoir portion configured to store a treatment subject liquid, a plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and a bubble supply portion configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface and configured to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid. Thus, the plasma is generated on or above the liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid, and the bubble containing the generated plasma is generated and supplied into the treatment subject liquid. 1. A treatment apparatus comprising:a housing,a liquid reservoir portion formed in a lower portion of the housing, and configured to store a treatment subject liquid,a circulation flow path containing a liquid distribution portion formed on an upper portion of the housing, and circulating the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion into the liquid distribution portion,at least one plasma generation portion configured to generate a plasma on or above a liquid surface of the treatment subject liquid in the liquid reservoir portion, anda plurality of bubble supply portions each including an aspirator being hung down from the liquid distribution portion toward the liquid reservoir portion and configured to return the treatment subject liquid in the liquid distribution portion to the liquid reservoir portion, each of the bubble supply portions configured to generate a bubble containing the generated plasma on or above the liquid surface of the liquid reservoir portion and to supply the bubble into the treatment subject liquid,wherein each of the bubble supply portions is configured to introduce the plasma from the plasma generation portion through a venturi portion of the aspirator to generate the bubble.2. The treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment subject liquid is controlled to be ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND LIQUID TREATMENT METHOD

A liquid treatment apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a dielectric tube that defines a channel through which water to be treated flows, the channel being split upstream of the dielectric tube into a first channel and a second channel, the first channel and the second channel being merged with each other downstream of the dielectric tube, a first electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel, a second electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel, a first gas-supply unit that supplies gas to form a gas bubble into water to be treated that flows through the first channel, and a first power-supply that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a dielectric tube that defines a channel through which water to be treated flows, the channel being split upstream of the dielectric tube into at least a first channel and a second channel, the first channel and the second channel being merged with each other downstream of the dielectric tube;a first electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel;a second electrode at least partially disposed within the first channel;a first gas-supply unit that supplies gas to form a gas bubble into the water to be treated that flows through the first channel; anda first power-supply that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the first power-supply applies the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, causing an electric discharge inside the gas bubble to generate plasma.3. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the second electrode is disposed upstream from the first electrode.4. The liquid treatment apparatus according to further comprising:an insulator surrounding the periphery of the first electrode with a space therebetween, the insulator having an opening through ...

AUTONOMOUS BUBBLE GENERATING PLASMA UNIT FOR WATER TREATMENT

The present invention is characterized in that an autonomous bubble generating plasma unit for water treatment comprises a first reactor and a second reactor. The first reactor comprises: a first reacting water duct in which a secondary coil is wound around a duct body having a predetermined length, wherein a static mixer is provided in the duct body; an insulating duct body of a predetermined length installed on the outside of the first reacting water duct excluding a region in which a resonance generating part provided on the outside of the secondary coil wound on the first reacting water duct; and the resonance generating part in which a primary coil is wound on a primary coil bobbin installed at a predetermined gap from the outside of the secondary coil located in a water introducing part of the first reacting water duct, and the number of windings of the primary coil wound on the primary coil bobbin is adjusted to be a resonance point by a winding number adjusting bobbin, wherein a motor drive is installed to rotate the winding number adjusting bobbin forward and in reverse, and thus the winding number adjusting bobbin is controlled by resonance information applied to the secondary coil from a resonance sensor. The second reactor comprises: a second reacting water duct connected to the first reacting water duct to receive a supply of treated water treated in the first reacting water duct, and provided as an insulating duct of a predetermined length; an internal electrode installed in the second reacting water duct and formed as a Kenics mixer-type structure; and an external electrode installed so as to not be conductive with the internal electrode and having a cylindrical mesh-type duct body. 1. An autonomous bubble generating plasma unit for water treatment comprising:a first reactor (A) and a second reactor (B),{'b': 100', '130', '110', '105', '100', '140', '130', '100', '140', '120', '150', '130', '100', '120', '150', '160', '170', '160', '160', '130', '180, ...

PLASMA GENERATOR AND HOME APPLIANCE HAVING THE SAME

Disclosed herein is a plasma generator capable of stably performing the discharge and an appliance having the same, wherein the plasma generator is configured to generate the discharge by plasma. The plasma generator includes a first case configured to store water to be treated; a second case disposed inside the first case and provided with a body having opposite sides opened, and a cover covering opened one side of the body; a first electrode disposed such that at least thereof is immersed in the water to be treated stored in the first case; and a second electrode disposed inside the second case. The second electrode is apart from a water surface of the water to be treated in an upper side of the water surface of the water to be treated in contact with opened other side of the body opposite to one side of the body. 1. A plasma generator comprising:a first case configured to store water to be treated;a second case disposed inside the first case and including a body comprising first and second opposite sides that are open and a cover covering the first open side of the body;a first electrode disposed such that at least a portion of the first electrode is immersed in the water to be treated; anda second electrode disposed inside the second case and apart from a water surface of the water to be treated in an upper side of the water surface of the water to be treated in contact with the second open side of the body opposite to the covered open side of the body.2. The plasma generator of claim 1 , wherein a height of the water surface of the water to be treated in contact with the second open side of the body is lower than a height of a water surface of the water to be treated outside the body.3. The plasma generator of claim 2 , wherein an end of the second electrode is disposed lower than the water surface of the water to be treated outside the body.4. The plasma generator of claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of the second case is integrally formed with the first ...

System, Method and Apparatus for an Inductively Coupled Plasma Arc Whirl Filter Press

A plasma treatment system includes a plasma arc torch, a tee attached to a hollow electrode nozzle of the plasma arc torch, and a screw feed unit or a ram feed unit having an inlet and an outlet attached to the tee. The plasma arc torch includes a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end, a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end, a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel. 1. A plasma treatment system comprising: a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end,', 'a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end,', 'a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end,', 'an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and', 'a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, the hollow electrode nozzle having a first end disposed within the cylindrical vessel and a second end disposed outside the cylindrical vessel;, 'a plasma arc torch comprisinga third tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle; anda screw feed unit or a ram feed unit having an inlet and an outlet attached to the third tangential inlet/outlet.2. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further ...

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD

In a water treatment apparatus, a tilted plate is disposed at an incline relative to a horizontal plane. Water to be treated is passed over the upper surface of the tilted plate. A discharge forming body is disposed across a gas layer above a water film formed by the water to be treated flowing over the tilted plate. A droplet forming apparatus exerts power on the water film so that at least some of the water to be treated shoots upward in the form of droplets. 1. A water treatment apparatus comprising:a tilted plate disposed at an incline relative to a horizontal plane so that water to be treated flows over an upper surface thereof;a discharge forming body that is disposed across a gas layer above a water film formed by the water to be treated flowing over the tilted plate, and forms a discharge by applying a voltage between the discharge forming body and the tilted plate, anda droplet forming apparatus configured to perform an operation for exerting power on the water film so that droplets shoot up from the water film,wherein treatment is performed on the water to be treated by bringing the droplets, which are formed by the power exerted by the droplet forming apparatus, into contact with the discharge.23-. (canceled)4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of water treatment units claim 1 , each including the tilted plate and the discharge forming body claim 1 , are disposed so as to be arranged in a vertical direction claim 1 , andthe respective tilted plates are tilted in alternating opposite directions relative to the horizontal plane so that the water to be treated flows continuously downward from an uppermost water treatment unit to a lowermost water treatment unit.5. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the water treatment units each further include a casing that surrounds the tilted plate and the discharge forming body claim 4 , andthe casings of the water treatment units that are vertically ...

Device, system, and method for the treatment of liquid waste waters

A device, a system, and a method for the treatment of liquid effluents by means of electric discharges is provided. The electric discharge that is set up in the treatment device following upon application of voltage pulses has characteristics in terms of amplitude and duration of the pulses such as not to incur in phenomena of dissipation of energy but rather as to emit ultraviolet radiation for further treatment of the effluent.

Liquid treatment device and liquid treatment method

This disclosure of a liquid treatment device includes a first metal electrode having a part disposed in a reaction tank into which a water being treated is filled, a second metal electrode disposed in the reaction tank, an insulator having an opening portion disposed to surround the first metal electrode so that a closed space is formed. A bubble is generated from the closed space to the water being treated via the opening portion. The liquid treatment device also includes a gas supply device that supplies the space with a gas for generating the bubble, and a power supply that applies a voltage between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode.

NON-THERMAL MULTIPLE PLASMA GATE DEVICES

A plasma gate device comprises a plasma creation chamber, first through fourth dielectrics, and first through sixth electrodes. The plasma creation chamber is a space in which plasma is created from a first fluid and a second fluid. The first and second dielectrics form upper and lower boundaries on a first side of the plasma creation chamber. The third and fourth dielectrics form upper and lower boundaries on a second side of the plasma creation chamber. The first and second electrodes receive voltages to generate a first electric field which creates a first plasma on the first side of the plasma creation chamber. The third and fourth electrodes receive voltages to generate a second electric field which creates a second plasma on the second side of the plasma creation chamber. The fifth electrode extracts electrons from the first plasma. The sixth electrode injects electrons into the second plasma. 1. A multi plasma gate device comprising:a plasma creation chamber in which plasma is created, the plasma creation configured to receive a first fluid and a second fluid;a first dielectric forming a first portion of an upper boundary of the plasma creation chamber, a second dielectric forming a first portion of a lower boundary of the plasma creation chamber, a third dielectric forming a second portion of the upper boundary of the plasma creation chamber, and a fourth dielectric forming a second portion of the lower boundary of the plasma creation chamber, each of the four dielectrics including an inner surface facing the plasma creation chamber and an outer surface facing away from the plasma creation chamber;a first electrode in contact with the outer surface of the first dielectric and a second electrode in contact with the outer surface of the second dielectric, the first electrode configured to receive a first electric voltage, the second electrode configured to receive a second electric voltage, the first and second electric voltages in combination generating a ...

PLASMA WATER PURIFIER HAVING PACKED BED DISCHARGES WITH WATER DIELECTRIC BARRIERS

A system for water purification having a water inlet being distributed into a plurality of streams defining extended dielectric barrier layers with high surface area to volume ratios and a plasma disposed between at least a pair of the plurality of water streams forming a surface plasma attachment producing radicals that treat the water via diffusion. 1. A system for water purification , said system comprising:a water inlet being distributed into a plurality of streams defining extended dielectric barrier layers with high surface area to volume ratios; anda plasma disposed between at least a pair of the plurality of water streams forming a surface plasma attachment producing radicals that treat the water via diffusion.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma formed between the streams of water produces a volume plasma that occupies the interstitial spaces claim 1 , the plasma produces gas phase radicals that also chemically interacts with the water claim 1 , driving purification.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma has electrode that are physically isolated from the liquid water and thus cannot erode and contaminate the water under treatment claim 1 , the electrodes can be operated with a dielectric coating or insulating gas layer as well claim 1 , thereby allowing for the system to work with water solutions of high electrical conductivity such as tap and waste water.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the water inlet claim 1 , plurality of water jets claim 1 , gas bubbles or ice pellets enable high throughput and allows for once-through operation.5. The system according to wherein the plasma is produced via packed bed dielectric barrier discharge which forms between water layers.6. The system according to wherein the plasma is produced via streamer discharge which propagates from powered electrode through the dielectric layers claim 1 , producing reactive species along the way.7. The system according to wherein the system ...

Ultrafiltration tio2 magnéli phase reactive electrochemical membranes

The disclosure generally relates to reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs); and in particular, to asymmetric reactive electrochemical membranes to be used for aqueous separations and membrane fouling regeneration.

LIQUID TREATMENT UNIT, TOILET SEAT WITH WASHER, WASHING MACHINE, AND LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

A liquid treatment unit includes: a treatment tank provided with an inlet and an outlet, the treatment tank having a shape that allows a portion of liquid to be retained; a controller that controls supply of liquid into the treatment tank and ejection of liquid from the treatment tank; and a plasma generator generates plasma in the liquid inside the treatment tank. The plasma generator generates plasma while the controller stops supply of liquid and ejection of liquid. After the liquid has been treated, the controller resumes the supply of liquid, and causes the liquid to be ejected from the treatment tank while allowing a portion of the treated liquid to be retained inside the treatment tank. 1. A method comprising:generating plasma in a portion of liquid inside a treatment tank to treat the portion of liquid, while stopping supply of liquid into the treatment tank and ejection of liquid from the treatment tank; andafter the portion of liquid is treated, supplying new liquid into the treatment tank to mix the supplied new liquid with the portion of liquid in the treatment tank, and at the same time ejecting a portion of mixed liquid from the treatment tank while allowing a remaining portion of mixed liquid to be retained inside the treatment tank.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:before the stopping of the supply and the ejection, supplying the portion of liquid into the treatment tank.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma is generated in the liquid inside the treatment tank while the new liquid is supplied into the treatment tank.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:the supplying of the new liquid and the ejecting of the portion of mixed liquid are continuously performed; anda total quantity of liquid ejected from the treatment tank is equal or greater than a volume of the treatment tank.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:recirculating a part of the ejected portion of mixed liquid as circulated ...

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE SLUDGE

A wastewater plant and method for treatment of wastewater sludge or other wastewater fluids are described. The wastewater plant utilizes an electrical discharge system configured for receiving a wastewater fluid, and generating a transient voltage and arcing electric current pulse through the received wastewater fluid to create an electro-hydraulic shock wave within the wastewater fluid accompanied by a high electric field, intensive heat and light radiation. 1. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) comprising:a preliminary treatment station configured for receiving a wastewater fluid and screening thereof to prevent larger objects from passing further downstream;a primary settling clarifier arranged downstream of the preliminary treatment station and configured for receiving the wastewater fluid leaving the preliminary treatment station, and separating it into a primary sludge and a primary effluent;an aeration tank configured for receiving the primary effluent leaving the primary settling clarifier, and treating said primary effluent in the presence of air pumped into the aeration tank, thereby to produce an aerated wastewater effluent;a secondary settling clarifier arranged downstream of the aeration tank, and configured for receiving the aerated wastewater effluent leaving the aeration tank, and separating it into waste activated sludge and a secondary wastewater effluent;an electrical discharge system configured for (i) receiving at least a part of at least one wastewater fluid selected from said primary sludge and said waste activated sludge, and (ii) generating a glow-to-arc voltage transient arcing electric current pulse through said at least one wastewater fluid to create an electro-hydraulic shock wave within said at least one wastewater fluid accompanied by a high electric field, intensive heat and light radiation; andan anaerobic digester arranged downstream of the electrical discharge system configured for receiving the wastewater fluid treated by the ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS INCLUDING FIRST ELECTRODE, SECOND ELECTRODE, AND FIRST AND SECOND INSULATORS SURROUNDING LATERAL SURFACE OF FIRST ELECTRODE

A liquid treatment apparatus includes a liquid storing vessel, a first electrode, a second electrode at least partly arranged inside the vessel, a tubular first insulator surrounding a first-electrode lateral surface with a first space interposed therebetween, and including a first opening in an end surface in contact with the liquid, a tubular second insulator surrounding the first-electrode lateral surface inside the first insulator, a gas supply device supplying gas into the first space and ejecting the gas into the liquid through the first opening, and a power supply applying a voltage between the first and second electrodes and producing plasma. The second insulator is arranged with a second space interposed between the first and second insulators. Portions of the first and second insulators, those portions being positioned inside the vessel, are covered with the gas when the gas is supplied into the first space by the gas supply device. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a vessel for storing a liquid;a first electrode;a second electrode at least a part of which is arranged inside the vessel;a first insulator having a tubular shape and a first opening at an end of the first insulator, the first insulator surrounding a lateral surface of the first electrode with a first space interposed between the first insulator and the lateral surface of the first electrode;a second insulator having a tubular shape, the second insulator surrounding the lateral surface of the first electrode;a gas supply device that supplies gas into the first space and ejects the gas into the liquid through the first opening; anda power supply that applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode and produces plasma, wherein:the first insulator surrounds the second insulator, the second insulator is arranged with a second space interposed betweenthe first insulator and the second insulator,the first opening of the first insulator is arranged to be in contact with ...

PLASMA WATER TREATMENT

An apparatus is provided for treating a liquid with a plasma. The apparatus includes one or two dielectric barriers, and the dielectric barrier(s) and high voltage electrode define a discharge zone therebetween. A high voltage electrode may be electrically insulated from the discharge zone by the inner dielectric barrier. In this apparatus, the outer dielectric barrier is gas and the discharge zone is configured to accept a gas flow therethrough. 1. An apparatus for treating a liquid with a plasma , said apparatus comprising: the dielectric barrier is gas-permeable;', 'the discharge zone is configured to accept a gas flow therethrough; and', 'the high voltage electrode is in contact with a gas in and/or passing through the discharge zone., 'a high voltage electrode and a dielectric barrier defining a discharge zone therebetween; wherein2. The apparatus of further comprising an earthed electrode claim 1 , said earthed electrode being separated from the discharge zone by the dielectric barrier.3. The apparatus of further comprising a vessel for containing a liquid claim 1 , whereby claim 1 , in use claim 1 , the liquid in the vessel is in contact with the dielectric barrier and is separated from the discharge zone by the dielectric barrier.4. The apparatus of wherein the vessel comprises a dielectric material and the apparatus comprises an earthed electrode in contact with said dielectric material wherein the earthed electrode is disposed such that claim 3 , in use claim 3 , said dielectric material separates the liquid from the earthed electrode.5. The apparatus of further comprising an earthed electrode claim 3 , said earthed electrode being disposed such that claim 3 , in use claim 3 , said earthed electrode is in electrical contact with the liquid in the vessel.6. The apparatus of wherein the high voltage electrode claim 1 , the discharge zone and the dielectric barrier are concentric.7. The apparatus of wherein the dielectric barrier is porous.8. The apparatus of ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NON-THERMAL PLASMA OVER LIQUID DIRECT ION INJECTION

A system for performing ozone water treatment comprises a voltage supply circuit and a plasma eductor reactor. The voltage supply circuit includes an H-bridge controller and driver, a transformer, and an output port. The H-bridge controller and driver are configured to switch the electrical polarity of a pair of terminals. A primary of the transformer is connected to the H-bridge driver and controller. A secondary of the transformer connects in parallel with a first capacitor and in series with an inductor and a second capacitor. The output port connects in parallel with the second capacitor. The plasma eductor reactor includes an electric field generator, a flow spreader, and a diffuser. The electric field generator includes a pair of electrodes that generate an electric field. The flow spreader supplies a stream of oxygen. The diffuser supplies a stream of water. The streams of water and oxygen pass through the electric field. 1. A plasma eductor reactor comprising:a housing including a reactor chamber internal to the housing;an electric field generator including a first electrode and a spaced apart second electrode configured to generate an electric field therebetween, the first and second electrodes each having an annular shape of roughly the same size and together producing a cylindrical electrical field;a flow spreader to supply a stream of gas to the reactor chamber, the flow spreader positioned within the reactor chamber concentrically with the first and second electrodes; and 'wherein the stream of liquid and the stream of gas flow adjacent one another radially outward from the center of the reactor chamber and pass through the electric field.', 'a diffuser to supply a stream of liquid to the reactor chamber, the diffuser positioned within the reactor chamber concentrically with the first and second electrodes and the flow spreader,'}2. The plasma eductor reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric element planar in shape with a first surface and ...

APPARATUS FOR TREATING A SUBSTANCE WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM AN ELECTRICAL ARC AND A SECOND SOURCE

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

LIQUID TREATMENT DEVICE

A liquid treatment device that can improve liquid treatment performance by taking advantage of the Fenton's reaction while efficiently generating plasma for liquid treatment, in addition to enabling stable plasma generation for extended time periods includes a first electrode that is rod-like in shape; a second electrode that is plate-like in shape and is configured from a metal containing copper or iron; and a treatment vessel in which introduced liquid swirls, and generates a gas phase in a swirl flow of the liquid. A plasma is generated by applying a pulse voltage to the generated gas phase, and a negative DC voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode serving as a cathode and an anode, respectively. Under the applied negative voltage, the plate-like second electrode generates copper ions or iron ions, and the copper or iron ions undergo Fenton's reaction with the hydrogen peroxide generated by the plasma so that liquid can be efficiently treated. 1. A liquid treatment device comprising:a treatment vessel that is cylindrical in shape and having a circular cross section and a closed end;a first electrode that is rod-like in shape and disposed at a first end on a central axis of the treatment vessel;a second electrode made of a metal containing copper or iron and disposed at a second end of the treatment vessel;a pulse power supply that applies a positive pulse voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode with the first electrode serving as an anode;a DC power supply that applies a negative voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode with the second electrode serving as an anode; anda liquid inlet through which liquid is introduced in a tangential direction of the circular cylindrical shape of the treatment vessel, and that causes the liquid to swirl in the treatment vessel and generate a gas phase in a swirl flow of the liquid.2. The liquid treatment device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a ...

TANK STERILIZER

Provided is a tank sterilizer composed of a power supply part including an operation switch, and a sterilization part for sterilizing fluid in a tank, wherein a sterilization effect is maximized by generating microbubbles by electrolysis or electric discharge instead of killing bacteria by using a UV LAMP, an ozone lamp, and a pressure pump, and due to the coupling of a bubble generation module and a power connection module to each other by an electroconductive connector, a separate power connector is not required to be installed, whereby the tank sterilizer is simple in structure and is easy to be installed. 1. A tank sterilizer comprising:a power supply part connected to external power;a power connection module being electrically conductive with the power supply part through a power supply line; anda bubble generation module mounted removably to the power connection module by a connector,wherein the connector is made of a conductive material, and electricity conducted to the power supply part is supplied to the bubble generation module by the connector such that the bubble generation module generates microbubbles and sterilizes fluid in a tank.2. The sterilizer of claim 1 , wherein the power connection module is provided inside the tank such that a portion of each of the power connection module and the power supply line is immersed in the fluid.3. The sterilizer of claim 1 , wherein the power connection module is configured as a part of a tank housing such that the power supply line located outside the tank is connected to the power connection module.4. The sterilizer of claim 1 , wherein a controller is provided in the power supply part claim 1 , the controller detecting electrical conductivity of the fluid by transferring a detection current into the tank claim 1 , controlling intensity of current according to a type of the fluid claim 1 , and transferring the controlled current.5. The sterilizer of claim 2 , wherein a controller is provided in the power supply ...

GAS/LIQUID PLASMA REACTOR WITH PULSED POWER SUPPLY AND SECONDARY DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRODES

A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid includes a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase. The reactor vessel can have a gas injection port, a gas exit port, and a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location. A pulsed discharge power supply delivers a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creates a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location. A secondary electric field source is provided for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface. The secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species is also disclosed. 1. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species , comprising the steps of:providing liquid phase containing the liquid phase species;providing a gas phase;providing a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and the gas phase;placing the liquid and the gas in the reactor vessel so as to form a liquid-gas interface between the liquid phase and the gas phase within the reactor vessel;providing a pulsed discharge cathode and anode for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface;providing a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creating a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface;directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface, wherein the secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase species.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ions are negative ions.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the negative ions are electrons.4. The method of claim 1 , ...

Liquid treatment device

A liquid treatment device that achieves an effective treatment by forcibly contacting a swirl flow of a hydrogen peroxide-containing treated liquid with a liquid to be treated that has been processed to contain copper ions or iron ions includes a rod-like first electrode, a plate-like second electrode formed of a copper- or iron-containing metal, and a first treatment vessel that causes a liquid to swirl and generate a gas phase in a swirl flow of the liquid. A pulse voltage is applied to the generated gas phase to generate a plasma. The second electrode serves as an anode, and reaches inside of a supply section for a liquid to be treated. The liquid to be treated containing the generated copper ions or iron ions is forcibly brought into contact with hydrogen peroxide generated by the plasma. In this way, the Fenton's reaction effectively takes place, and the liquid treatment performance improves.

LIQUID TREATMENT DEVICE, LIQUID TREATMENT METHOD, AND PLASMA TREATMENT LIQUID

The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment device, a liquid treatment method, and a plasma treatment liquid each capable of efficiently generating plasma and treating a liquid in a short time period. A liquid treatment device according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a liquid to be treated, an insulator disposed around the first electrode with a space between the first electrode and the insulator, the insulator has an opening portion in a position in contact with the liquid to be treated, a power supply that applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a supply device supplying a liquid to the space before the power source applies the voltage. 1. A liquid treatment device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode disposed in a liquid to be treated;an insulator disposed around the first electrode with a space between the first electrode and the insulator, wherein the insulator has an opening portion in a position in contact with the liquid to be treated;a power source applying voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to generate plasma in the vicinity of the opening portion of the insulator; anda supply device supplying a liquid to the space through a path which is different from the opening portion before the power source applies the voltage.2. The liquid treatment device of claim 1 , whereinthe supply device supplies the liquid to the space to form a state in which the space is filled with the liquid,the power source applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode after the space is filled with the liquid to evaporate the liquid in the space so as to generate a gas, and to discharge in the gas when the gas is released from the opening portion of the insulator into the liquid to be treated so as to generate the plasma.3. The liquid treatment device of claim 1 , further comprising a holding block holding the first electrode ...

Method for Electrocoagulation Using Plasma Discharge

Methods for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The methods include contacting fluid within a reactor with at least one plasma producing electrode; applying electrical energy to the plasma producing electrode sufficient to generate plasma discharge in the fluid; generating plasma discharge in the fluid simultaneously with electrocoagulation of the fluid by electrochemically reacting the plasma producing electrode with the fluid; and initiating flocculent formation in the fluid from at least one of the plasma discharge and electrocoagulation in the fluid. The invention is also directed to clarified fluid produced by such methods. 1. A method of treating fluid with plasma , comprising:contacting fluid within a reactor with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode;applying electrical energy to said at least one plasma producing electrode sufficient to generate plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor;generating plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor simultaneously with electrocoagulating said fluid within said reactor by electrochemically reacting at least a portion of said plasma producing electrode with said fluid within said reactor upon electrical stimulation; andinitiating flocculent formation in said fluid resulting from at least one of said plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor and said electrochemical reaction of said at least one electrode with said fluid within said reactor.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein contacting fluid with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode includes contacting fluid with a terminal end of at least one plasma producing electrode.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein contacting fluid with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode includes at least partially submerging the portion of at least one plasma producing electrode in said fluid.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NON-THERMAL PLASMA OVER LIQUID DIRECT ION INJECTION

A system for performing ozone water treatment comprises a voltage supply circuit and a plasma eductor reactor. The voltage supply circuit includes an H-bridge controller and driver, a transformer, and an output port. The H-bridge controller and driver are configured to switch the electrical polarity of a pair of terminals. A primary of the transformer is connected to the H-bridge driver and controller. A secondary of the transformer connects in parallel with a first capacitor and in series with an inductor and a second capacitor. The output port connects in parallel with the second capacitor. The plasma eductor reactor includes an electric field generator, a flow spreader, and a diffuser. The electric field generator includes a pair of electrodes that generate an electric field. The flow spreader supplies a stream of oxygen. The diffuser supplies a stream of water. The streams of water and oxygen pass through the electric field. 1. A plasma reactor comprising:a housing including an internal reactor chamber;a liquid passageway to supply a stream of liquid to a first end of said reactor chamber;a gas passageway to supply a stream of gas to the first end of said reactor chamber;an electric field generator including a first electrode and a spaced apart second electrode configured to generate an electric field therebetween, the first electrode having an annular shape and the second electrode having a circular shape with a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the first electrode such that the second electrode is positioned within the interior of the first electrode;a diffuser of elongated cylindrical shape having a circumferential sidewall with an outer surface, a first end of the diffuser positioned at the first end of said reactor chamber; andwherein the stream of liquid flows axially away from the first end of said reactor chamber along the outer surface of the sidewall and the stream of gas flows adjacent to the stream of liquid as both streams pass through the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING A SPECIES

Systems and methods related to the collection of a species from a gas stream are generally provided. The systems and methods described herein may allow for collection of a species such as a fluid (e.g., water) with a relatively high collection efficiency. Such systems and methods may be useful in various applications including, for example, fog collection. In some embodiments, the systems and methods enhance water collection from airborne fog to produce usable water. Advantageously, the methods described herein may, in some cases, incorporate ions into the gas stream such that the species present in the gas stream follows electric field lines and/or are attracted to a grounded (or charged) collector. Advantageously, the systems and methods described herein may suppress the adverse effects of natural conditions such as the velocity and direction of the wind. 1. A method of collecting a species present in a gas stream , comprising:establishing a plurality of charged species in the gas stream, electrically biased against a collector; andcollecting the charged species at the collector at a collection efficiency of greater than or equal to 10%.2. A method of collecting a species present in a gas stream , comprising:arranging at least a first and second electrode so as to apply an electric field to at least a portion of the gas stream thereby urging the species toward the second electrode and isolating at least a portion of the species from the gas stream,wherein a minimum distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is between 2 cm and 50 cm.34-. (canceled)5. A collection system , comprising:a first electrode anda second electrode configured to be positioned proximate the first electrode;a power source in electrical communication with at least the first electrode; anda collector,wherein the system is configured to collect a species present within a gas stream with an energy efficiency of greater than or equal to 1 liter per kWh of energy applied in ...

Plasma-Based Water Treatment Apparatus

The invention relates to a water treatment apparatus based on plasma (ionized gas) discharge. In particular, the invention relates to the field of industrial and agricultural wastewater treatment. More particularly, the invention relates to disinfection of drinking water, and water in pools, spas and similar recreational water environments. The invention comprises a plasma reactor produces plasma discharge at low atmospheric pressure between liquid electrodes eliminating contamination of treated water by harmful nitrogen compounds and toxic substances due to electrode erosion. 1. An apparatus for treating water and producing plasma activated water , comprising;A plasma reactor to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), wherein said plasma reactor comprises a liquid pump, which recirculates a liquid flow between a liquid outlet port and a liquid inlet port; a liquid outlet port to remove liquid water; a liquid inlet port to supply liquid water to the droplet generator; a vacuum pump to remove air molecule through a gas outlet port; a lower liquid electrode and an upper liquid electrode to provide electric field for ionization of water in liquid and vapour phases; a liquid drop or droplet generator to generate water droplets, where the liquid drop or droplets serve as the upper liquid electrode.2. The apparatus for treating water and producing plasma activated water according to claim 1 , wherein said plasma reactor further comprises a liquid inlet port which supplies water from a water source by a liquid pump.3. The apparatus for treating water and producing plasma activated water according to claim 1 , wherein said electrodes of plasma reactor are connected to at least one power supply which is selected from group of high voltage high frequency alternating current (AC) supply claim 1 , high voltage direct current (DC) power supply claim 1 , pulsed AC power supply claim 1 , pulsed DC power supply claim 1 , high voltage nanosecond pulsed power supply claim 1 , or any ...

LOW-TEMPERATURE UNDERWATER PLASMA GENERATING DEVICE

The present invention relates to an underwater low temperature plasma generating device. The device includes: a first electrode of a tubular type; a second electrode that is arranged inside the first electrode to generate bubbles in water introduced into the first electrode; and an insulator arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The plasma generating device further includes a power supply. The plasma generating device generates low temperature plasma by generating an electric field underwater. The present invention has an advantageous effect of realizing a tubular low temperature intensive plasma generator that can sterilize contaminated water with low temperature plasma that is generated underwater. 1. A low temperature plasma generating device , comprising:a first electrode of a tubular type;a second electrode arranged inside the first electrode to generate bubbles in water introduced into the first electrode; andan insulator arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The low temperature plasma generating device of claim 1 , further comprising a tube that accommodates the first electrode and the second electrode therein.3. The low temperature plasma generating device of claim 1 , further comprising a power supply to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode claim 1 , wherein the applied voltage is equal to or higher than a first voltage at which plasma is generated and is equal to or lower than a second voltage at which the insulator undergoes dielectric breakdown.4. The low temperature plasma generating device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are uniformly spaced from each other by a predetermined distance.5. The low temperature plasma generating device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is a tube of a mesh type or perforated type.6. The low temperature plasma generating device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is made from titanium (Ti).7. The ...

LIQUID TREATMENT REFINING AND RECYCLING

A water treatment device and related method of operation may include receiving used, dirty and/or waste water from a well or other source of water. The water may then be prepared for a voltage treatment by injecting a gas into the water, treating the water with pH adjustments and then applying a voltage to the water in order to remove the sediment from the water to provide a recycled water for continued use. 1. An apparatus comprising:a liquid input source that provides a flow of liquid;a gas input source that provides a gas injection to the liquid; andan electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes configured to receive the liquid and apply a direct current voltage to the liquid.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gas is a modified oxygen gas comprising three oxygen atom molecules.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a power supply input interface that permits the electrical source to contact the liquid inside the electrode array.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of electrode cells each comprise at least one cathode and at least one anode claim 3 , and wherein each of the electrode cells receives an electrical direct current (DC) voltage charge that is applied for a predetermined amount of time.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the predetermined amount of time is between 30 and 90 seconds.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein after the predetermined amount of time has elapsed the polarity of the DC voltage is reversed and a reversed DC voltage charge is applied for another predetermined amount of time.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein a pH reducing chemical is applied to the liquid and a polymer is applied to the liquid.8. A method comprising:receiving a flow of liquid via a forced liquid input interface;receiving a gas injection via a gas input interface and mixing the gas with the liquid;applying a voltage to the liquid for a predetermined amount of time; andreversing the polarity of the voltage and applying the ...

STERILIZATION SYSTEM FOR AQUACULTURE

A sterilization system for aquaculture comprises an inducing light source, a water pump, and at least one sterilization device. The inducing light source is disposed around a water inlet of the water pump. A water outlet of the water pump is in communication with an inlet of the sterilization device. An outlet of the sterilization device is in communication with a water body. By means of the biological phototaxis, microorganism enrichment in a culture system is implemented. Sterilization, is performed by using an ionization method, an ultraviolet method, or a high voltage electric field pulse method, so as to ensure the high efficiency of sterilization, and simultaneously reduce an impact on an aquaculture environment as much as possible, thereby ensuring the production and quality of aquatic products. 1. A sterilization system of the aquaculture comprising an inducing light source , a water pump and at least one sterilization device , wherein the inducing light source is arranged around a water inlet of the water pump , a water outlet of the water pump is in communication with an inlet of the sterilization device , an outlet of the sterilization device is in communication with a water body.2. The sterilization system of the aquaculture according to claim 1 , characterized in that the inducing light source has a brightness range from 20˜100 lm.3. The sterilization system of the aquaculture according to claim 1 , characterized in that the linear distance between the inducing light source and the water inlet of the water pump is 0.1˜1 m.4. The sterilization system of the aquaculture according to claim 1 , characterized in that the water pump has a flow greater than 1000 gallon/hour.5. The sterilization system of the aquaculture according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises 2˜5 sterilization devices.6. The sterilization system of the aquaculture according to . characterized in that these 2˜5 sterilization devices are connected in parallel or series.7. The ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS AND LIQUID TREATMENT METHOD

A liquid treatment apparatus includes a dielectric tube through which water to be treated flows, a first electrode at least a part of which is disposed in the dielectric tube, a second electrode at least a part of which is disposed in the dielectric tube at a position upstream of the first electrode, a gas supplier operative to generate a bubble by supplying a gas into the water to be treated, and a power supply operative to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode in a state in which the bubble covers a conductor-exposed portion of the first electrode. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a dielectric tube through which water to be treated flows;a first electrode at least a part of which is disposed in the dielectric tube;a second electrode at least a part of which is disposed in the dielectric tube at a position upstream of the first electrode;a gas supplier operative to generate a bubble by supplying a gas into the water to be treated; anda power supply operative to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode in a state in which the bubble covers a conductor-exposed portion of the first electrode.2. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein a longitudinal direction of the first electrode crosses a direction in which the water to be treated flows from the second electrode toward the first electrode in the dielectric tube.3. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the power supply is operative to apply the voltage in a state in which the bubble is not in contact with the second electrode.4. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the power supply is operative to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to cause an electrical discharge in the bubble and generate plasma.5. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the dielectric tube defines a flow path through which the water to be treated flows from ...

FREE RADICAL GENERATION DEVICE AND METHODS THEREOF

A barrierless device and method for generating streamer discharge is provided including solid/liquid electrodes for free radical generation at high efficiency. A first electrode, including periodically positioned discharge ignition tips is deposed in proximity to a second electrode, creating a discharge gap with no dielectric barrier layer in between. The discharge gap includes an inlet and an outlet. Streamers with proximity constraints emerge from the first electrode and propagate through the discharge gap towards the second electrode by supplying either positive or negative pulse voltage to the first electrode, resulting in interaction of the streamer heads with the discharge gas and generation of radicals. Optionally, the second electrode is a liquid which interacts with the streamer head to generate additional radicals. The device can either be used to cause fast chemical reaction within the discharge gap or the generated radical gas can be removed for utilization outside the discharge gap. 1. A free radical generator comprising:a discharge electrode assembly comprising one or more discharge electrode pins in an array arranged in a radial pattern and electrically configured to receive one or more voltage pulses,a counter electrode positioned radially outward from the one or more discharge electrode pins, andwhereinthe discharge electrode assembly is surrounded by the counter electrode and is separated therefrom by a discharge gap comprising a flow passage, andthe at least one end cap electrically isolates the discharge electrode assembly from the counter electrode and permits the flow of gas through the flow passage.2. The free radical generator of wherein the one or more discharge electrode pins comprise one or more ignition tips claim 1 , each ignition tip defined by an angle claim 1 , the ignition tip positioned at a terminus of the discharge electrode pin proximal to the counter electrode.3. The free radical generator of wherein the one or more discharge ...

SCRUBBING DEVICE FOR CLEANING, SANITIZING OR DISINFECTING

A cleaning, sanitizing or disinfecting scrubbing device includes a body, a non-thermal plasma generator and damp wipe. Generated plasma activates fluid in the wipe. The device may include spacer posts between the body and wipe and a conductive mesh between the body and wipe or embedded in the wipe. Another embodiment includes a reservoir for holding a water- based fluid, a fluid delivery element connected to the reservoir by a tube through which the fluid can flow and a non-thermal plasma geneator. The non-thermal plasma generator activates the fluid. In one embodiment the scrubbing device is a mitt. In another embodiment the scrubbing device is a glove. 1. A device to clean , sanitize , or disinfect comprising:a body;a first scrubbing surface;a non-thermal plasma generator for generating non-thermal plasma; anda fluid;wherein the non-thermal plasma generator activates the fluid and the plasma activated fluid is applied to the surface to be cleaned; andwherein the first scrubbing surface is used to scrub a surface to be cleaned.2. The device of wherein the first scrubbing surface is a wipe.3. The device of wherein the wipe is pre-moistened with the fluid prior to the fluid being activated by non-thermal plasma.4. The device of wherein the wipe is moistened with the fluid after the fluid is activated by non-thermal plasma.5. The device of wherein the first surface is pre-moistened with the fluid prior to the fluid being activated by non-thermal plasma.6. The device of wherein the first surface is moistened with the fluid after the fluid is activated by non-thermal plasma.7. The device of wherein the body is wearable by a user.8. The device of wherein the body is a mitt.9. The device of wherein the body is a glove.10. The device of wherein the body is one of a shoe claim 7 , a sock or a boot.11. The device of wherein the body is a mop.12. The device of wherein the body is cleaning device having a rotatable head.13. The device of further comprising an array of spacer ...

APPARATUS FOR INJURING OR KILLING UNDESIRED ORGANISMS IN WATER

An apparatus is for injuring or killing undesired organisms in water in a channel. The apparatus has an insert which is arranged to be releasably attached to the channel on the inside of the channel, a plurality of electrodes that are attached to the insert, the insert being formed from an electrically insulating material and the plurality of electrodes being connected to a power-supply unit. A method for using the apparatus in the channel is described as well. 1. An apparatus for injuring or killing undesired organisms in water in a channel , the apparatus comprising an insert configured to be releasably attached coupled to an inside of the channel , and a plurality of electrodes attached to the insert , wherein the insert is formed of an electrically insulating material and wherein the plurality of electrodes is connected to a power-supply unit.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insert is elongated with respect to a first longitudinal axis claim 1 , wherein the electrode is elongated with respect to a second longitudinal axis claim 1 , and wherein the second longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal axis.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insert is elongated with respect to a first longitudinal axis claim 1 , wherein the electrode is elongated with respect to a second longitudinal axis claim 1 , and wherein the second longitudinal axis is substantially perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the insert comprises a first electrode holder and a second electrode holder.5. The apparatus according claim 4 , wherein the insert comprises at least one first spacer between the first electrode holder and the second electrode holder.6. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the insert comprises an attachment device and a second spacer between the attachment device and the first electrode holder.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an end portion ...

PULSE DISCHARGE POWER SUPPLY AND PULSE DISCHARGE GENERATING METHOD

One of the purposes is to provide a pulse discharge power supply for use in generating pulse discharge. The pulse discharge power supply includes a pulse generation unit, a control circuit, an electric current detector and an electric current signal processing unit. The pulse generation unit generates a first pulse, and applies it to a discharge load for generating pulse discharge. The electric current detector detects an electric current flowing into the discharge load in accordance with the application of the pulse. The electric current signal processing unit outputs into the control circuit a signal based on an integration result of the electric current having been detected. The control circuit controls the generation of a second pulse in the pulse generation unit based on the signal being received. 1: A pulse discharge power supply for introducing pulse discharge by outputting a voltage pulse for a plurality of times to a discharge load being a target of the pulse discharge , the pulse discharge power supply , comprising:a pulse generation unit for outputting a first voltage pulse, and for outputting a second voltage pulse after outputting the first voltage pulse; anda control circuit for controlling an output of a second voltage pulse based on an integration value of an electric current flowing into the discharge load with respect to the first voltage pulse.2: The pulse discharge power supply as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe pulse generation unit comprises:a first pulse generator for generating a first single stage pulse with respect to the first voltage pulse, and a second single stage pulse with respect to the second voltage pulse;a second pulse generator for generating a third single stage pulse with respect to the first voltage pulse, and a fourth single stage pulse with respect to the second voltage pulse; andan inductive pulse adding device for generating a first voltage pulse by performing superposition of the first single stage pulse and the third ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTION OF ADHESION OF ORGANISMS IN WATER TO A SUBSTRATE IN CONTACT WITH WATER

The present invention provides a system for prevention of adhesion of organisms in water to a substrate in contact with the water, wherein the substrate and the water flowing around the substrate form together a treated region, comprising a generator for producing electromagnetic wave having a time varying frequency, in electrical connection with a first excitation site of the treated region and with an avalanche current suppressor having its another terminal connected with a second excitation site of the treated region. A selected voltage is applied to the generator such that the generator is triggered to produce the electromagnetic wave capable of inducing an avalanche current to shock or kill the organisms. The invention also provides a method for prevention of adhesion of organisms in water to a substrate in contact with the water. 1. A system for prevention of adhesion of organisms in water to a substrate in contact with the water , wherein the substrate and the water flowing around the substrate form together a treated region , comprising:a generator for producing electromagnetic wave having a time varying frequency, said generator having at least two output terminals, one of which in electrical connection with a first excitation site of the treated region;an avalanche current suppressor with its one terminal in electrical connection with the other of the outputs of the generator and with its another terminal connected with a second excitation site of the treated region; andan electric power source connected to the generator for applying a selected voltage to the generator,wherein the voltage is applied such that the generator is triggered to produce the time varying frequency electromagnetic wave capable of inducing an avalanche current in the water and/or on a surface of the substrate to shock or kill the organisms.2. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of an electrically conductive material.3. The system as claimed in claim 1 , ...

System and Method for Treating Water Systems with High Voltage Discharge and Ozone

A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. Components of the water system are protected from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. Ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge is recycled to further treat the water. A gas infusion system may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation, particularly when the conductivity of the water is high. An electrode mounting assembly maintains a high voltage electrode and ground electrode at a fixed distance from each other to optimize plasma generation. An open support structure for the high voltage generator circuit physically separates spark gap electrodes and resists metal deposits that may disrupt discharge of a high voltage pulse to create the plasma.

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

A liquid treatment apparatus comprises: a first tank in which a first gas containing nitrogen and oxygen and a liquid are stored; a plasma generating apparatus, including a first electrode and a second electrode, which effects discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode and thereby generates plasma that makes contact with at least part of the liquid; and a gas supply apparatus that supplies a first part of the first gas from the first tank to the plasma generating apparatus. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a first tank in which a first gas containing nitrogen and oxygen and a liquid are stored;a plasma generating apparatus, including a first electrode and a second electrode, which effects discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode and thereby generates plasma that makes contact with at least part of the liquid; anda gas supply apparatus that supplies a first part of the first gas from the first tank to the plasma generating apparatus.2. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a first flow passage through which the first part of the first gas is guided from the first tank into the gas supply apparatus; anda second flow passage through which the first part of the first gas is guided from the gas supply apparatus into the plasma generating apparatus.3. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:an exhaust flow passage through which a second part of the first gas in the first tank is emitted from the first tank; anda first filter, disposed on the exhaust flow passage, which removes nitrogen oxides from the second part of the first gas.4. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the exhaust flow passage branches off from the first flow passage or the second flow passage.5. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed inside of the first tank.6. The liquid treatment ...

SYSTEM AND REACTOR VESSEL FOR TREATMENT OF FLUID MEDIUM CONTAINING BIOLOGICAL MATTER

A system and reactor vessel for electrical treatment of a fluid medium are described. The fluid medium to be treated comprises various industrial or domestic waste waters. The reactor vessel is provided with a housing being closed from one side thereof by a removable closure carrying secured thereon electrodes. The electrodes are electrically connected to the source of electrical power, wherein the closure is adapted for assembling with and disassembling from the housing such that the closure could be conveniently separated from the reactor vessel together with the electrodes to provide easy access to electrodes for inspection, replacement, repair, cleaning or for other type of maintenance. 2. The system as defined in claim 1 , in which said electrodes are provided with conductor pins rigidly connected to the electrodes claim 1 , said pins are adapted for electrical connecting the electrodes with the source of electrical power via appropriate cable power lines.3. The system as defined in claim 2 , in which said closure comprises a receptacle defining a room for the conductor pins and for the cable power lines.4. The system as defined in claim 1 , in which said displacement means comprises a pump.5. The system as defined in claim 4 , in which said fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of industrial waste waters claim 4 , agricultural waste waters claim 4 , municipal sewage claim 4 , waste waters originating from slaughter houses claim 4 , waste waters originating from mining installations claim 4 , fracturing waste waters claim 4 , food industry waste waters claim 4 , pharmaceutical industry waste waters and cosmetic industry waste waters.7. The reactor vessel as defined in claim 6 , in which said housing is configured as rectangular parallelepiped claim 6 , which is delimited by a couple of lateral walls claim 6 , by a bottom wall claim 6 , by an upper wall and by two opposite end walls and said entrance port and said exit port is located on a ...

PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR CREATING MIST USING STERILIZED WATER

Disclosed herein is a portable mist device which can spray sterilized hydrogen water in a mist form through an ultrasonic vibrator, thereby aiding beauty care. The portable mist device includes an upper container having a raw water inlet, a lower container having a sterilized water outlet formed at the side, and a pole plate unit for generating sterilized water through underwater discharge of the raw water by a pair of electrode plates. The electrode plates of the pole plate unit are mounted vertically and are located parallel with the sterilized water outlet. Therefore, the portable mist device can enhance mist discharge efficiency, and be easily connected with a battery arranged at a lower portion without the need to bend electrode connection terminals extending from one end of each electrode plate. So, the portable mist device can reduce costs required for bending the electrode connection terminals and facilitate production of standardized products. 1. A portable mist device for providing sterilized hydrogen water mist comprising:a sterilized water generating module, which includes an upper container having a raw water inlet, a lower container having a sterilized water outlet formed at the side, and a pole plate unit for generating sterilized water through underwater discharge of the raw water by a pair of electrode plates;a lid housing disposed to be combined with the raw water inlet;a spraying unit disposed at the sterilized water outlet to discharge the sterilized water in a mist form to the outside through an ultrasonic vibrator; anda power supply unit for supplying electric power to the pole plate unit and the ultrasonic vibrator,wherein the lower container has pole plate unit mounting grooves to detachably mount the pole plate unit, the electrode plates are vertically mounted in the pole plate unit mounting grooves and the pole plate unit mounting grooves are located parallel with the sterilized water outlet.2. The portable mist device according to claim 1 ...

DISCHARGE UNIT

A discharge unit includes an alternating high-voltage generator, a pair of electrodes in water, the pair being configured to receive a voltage from the high-voltage generator, and an insulating divider configured to separate the pair of electrodes from each other in the water, and having a small discharge hole defining a path of current to flow between the pair of electrodes. The voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes to generate an electric discharge in the discharge hole. 1. A discharge unit comprising:an alternating power source;a pair of electrodes in water, the pair being configured to receive a voltage from the power source; andan insulating divider configured to separate the pair of electrodes from each other in the water, and having a small through-hole defining a path of current to flow between the pair of electrodes, whereinthe voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes to generate an electric discharge in a bubble produced in the through-hole, andthe power source alternately changes a polarity of the voltage applied to the pair of electrodes at predetermined intervals such that the polarity alternates before a form of the discharge generated in the bubble changes from spark discharge to glow discharge.2. The discharge unit of claim 1 , whereina waveform of the voltage from the power source has same positive and negative excursions in each period.3. The discharge unit of claim 1 , whereinthe waveform of the voltage from the power source is a square wave.4. (canceled)5. The discharge unit of claim 2 , whereinthe waveform of the voltage from the power source is a square wave. The present invention relates to a discharge unit generating an electric discharge in water to purify the water.Known discharge units for water treatment generate an electric discharge in water to purify the water. For example, Patent Document discloses this type of discharge unit. The discharge unit of Patent Document includes a pair of electrodes and an insulating divider. The ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING REFORMING LIQUID AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING REFORMING LIQUID

An apparatus for producing reforming liquid includes a treatment tank in which an introduced liquid is swirled so as to generate a gas phase in the vicinity of a swirling center of a swirling flow of the liquid, a first electrode which has at least a portion which is disposed in the treatment tank and comes into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank, a second electrode which is disposed so as to come into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank and a power source which is configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to generate plasma in the gas phase. A reformed liquid is produced in a manner that the plasma is generated in the gas phase so as to form a reformed component, and the formed reformed component is dissolved and dispersed in the liquid. 1. An apparatus for producing reforming liquid comprising:a treatment tank in which an introduced liquid is swirled so as to generate a gas phase in the vicinity of a swirling center of a swirling flow of the liquid;a first electrode which has at least a portion which is disposed in the treatment tank and comes into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank;a second electrode which is disposed so as to come into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank; anda power source which is configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to generate plasma in the gas phase,wherein a reformed liquid is produced in a manner that the plasma is generated in the gas phase so as to form a reformed component, and the formed reformed component is dissolved and dispersed in the liquid.2. The apparatus for producing reforming liquid of claim 1 ,wherein the first electrode is disposed so as to come into contact with the gas phase generated in the vicinity of the swirling center of the swirling flow of the liquid or to be positioned in the vicinity of the gas phase.3. The apparatus for producing reforming liquid claim 1 ,wherein the ...

Liquid treatment device utilizing plasma

A liquid treatment device comprises: a first insulator including a first opening and a first inner surface, a gas being emitted into a subject liquid through the first opening; a first electrode that is at least partially disposed within a first space surrounded by the first inner surface; a second electrode that is at least partially disposed within the subject liquid; a gas supply source; and a power supply source. The first inner surface includes a first partial region which contacts the first opening. A forward end of the first electrode protrudes from the first opening to outside the first space, or the forward end retreats from the first opening into the first space by less than 3 mm. A first distance, which is a shortest distance between an outer surface of the first electrode and the first partial region, is 1 mm or greater.

System and Method for Treating Water Systems with High Voltage Discharge and Ozone

A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation.

WATER TREATMENT DEVICE AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD

A water treatment device generates a bubble in water to be treated inside a treatment tank, and treats the water to be treated through use of radicals that are generated by bubble electric discharge caused via the bubble. The water treatment device includes main electrodes for forming a main discharge area between a first main electrode and a second main electrode, auxiliary electrodes for forming a preliminary discharge area between a first auxiliary electrode and a second auxiliary electrode, and a bubble generator generating a bubble in water to be treated through use of an externally supplied gas. When a bubble generated by the bubble generator passes through the preliminary discharge area, discharge is caused via the bubble, and, when the bubble in an excited state subsequently passes through the main discharge area, the bubble causes discharge again to generate radicals. 137-. (canceled)38. A water treatment device for treating water to be treated inside a treatment tank by generating a bubble in the water to be treated and causing discharge through use of the bubble , the water treatment device comprising:discharge electrodes placed in the water to be treated;a bubble generating unit having a bubble hole through which an externally supplied gas emerges as a bubble into the water to be treated;a high-voltage power supply; anda bubble flattening unit placed in the water to be treated to flatten a shape of the bubble generated by the bubble generating unit,wherein the high-voltage power supply applies a high voltage between the discharge electrodes to form a discharge area in which discharge is caused inside the bubble, andwherein the bubble flattened by the bubble flattening unit is emitted into the discharge area.39. A water treatment device according to claim 38 , wherein the bubble flattening unit is arranged between the bubble hole and the discharge electrodes claim 38 , and a gap between the bubble hole and the discharge electrodes is equal to or smaller ...

Devices For The Treatment Of Liquids Using Plasma Discharges And Related Methods

Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid. 1. A system for treating unwanted material in a liquid comprising: an immersible magnetic field section operable to generate a time-varying magnetic field and an induced electric field in a liquid, and', 'an immersible electric field section operable to generate a time-varying electric field, and an induced magnetic field in the liquid, and, 'a dual-field electromagnetic device (EM) section comprising,'} 'a plurality of immersible and parallel, dielectric barrier discharge elements, where the number of elements varies based on a desired mass flow rate, and each element comprises negatively charged and positively charged electrodes operable to generate one or more plasma discharges within the liquid to create reactive and molecular species of ions in the liquid.', 'a plasma discharge section comprising,'}2. The system as in wherein the plurality of immersible and parallel claim 1 , dielectric barrier discharge elements comprises double dielectric barrier discharge elements or single dielectric barrier discard elements.3. The system as in wherein each of the plurality of dielectric barrier discharge elements comprises an isolation section operable to physically separate and electrically isolate the electrodes and create channels within each element.4. The system as in wherein the immersible electric field section comprises at least two immersible elements claim 1 , wherein one of the elements is a positively charged element and the other element is a negatively charged element.5. The system as in wherein the at least two immersible elements are cylindrically shaped.6. The system as in wherein the immersible magnetic field section is further operable to generate a time-varying magnetic field modulated at an ionic cyclotron frequency of an unwanted material in a liquid claim 1 , and the immersible electric field section is further operable to ...

System and Method for Plasma Discharge in Liquid

A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.

System, Method, and Apparatus for Reducing Harmful Microorganisms from a Body of Water

A method of processing water contaminated with harmful microorganisms is disclosed including drawing in a fluid that is contaminated with microorganisms from a depth of a body of the water and passing the fluid through a submerged arc to reduce populations of harmful microorganisms as well as reduce nutrient concentrations in the fluid. After flowing through the arc, the fluid is cooled before returning the fluid to the body of water. 1. A method of processing water contaminated with harmful microorganisms , the method comprising:drawing in a fluid that is contaminated with microorganisms from a depth of a body of the water;flowing the fluid through a plasma of a submerged arc;cooling the fluid; andreturning the fluid to the body of water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganisms comprise Cyanobacteria.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the depth is less than one meter from a surface of the body of water.4Karenia brevis.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganisms comprise5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the depth is varied during the step of drawing in the fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth is settable.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the depth with a motorized telescoping mechanism.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising continuously varying the depth using the motorized telescoping mechanism.9. A system for processing water in a body of water that is contaminated with harmful microorganisms claim 7 , the system comprising:an input port coupled to the body of the water;a pump, an input of the pump fluidly coupled to the input and an output of the pump fluidly coupled to a reactor;the fluid flowing through a plasma of an electric arc drawn between two electrodes for killing at least some of the microorganisms; anda second pump, a second pump input fluidly coupled to the reactor and a second pump output fluidly coupled to the body of water for returning the fluid to the body of water.10. The system ...

FLUID TREATMENT USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

The invention is directed to apparatus for treating water by exposing the water to a pulsed plasma discharge. The pulsed plasma discharge is generated using a suitable electrode configuration to generate the plasma discharge in the fluid. Apparatus useful in the method may include a vessel, at least two electrodes for generating a plasma discharge in water, and a flow inlet and a flow outlet to allow water to be passed through the vessel. Also described is an in-line water treatment, where a pulsed plasma discharge is used in a pipe carrying moving water. Plasma based fluid treatment system may have many advantages in comparison to other treatment methods, such as very minimal maintenance, low operating power, and minimal pressure loss through the device. 1. A water treatment apparatus comprising:(a) a vessel capable of containing water, said vessel comprising a water flow inlet and water flow outlet configured to allow the water to pass through the vessel; and(b) at least three electrode modules for generating an elongated spark discharge in said fluid within the vessel, wherein each electrode module comprises an electrode and an associated capacitor configured in electrical series with one another, and each electrode module is in parallel arrangement with one another.2. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a reverse vortex flow generator for generating a reverse vortex flow in said vessel.3. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a mixer for mixing fluid in said vessel.4. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a high voltage pulsed power supply.5. The water treatment apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the pulsed power supply comprises a DC charger claim 4 , a capacitor bank and a spark gap.6. A water treatment apparatus comprising:(a) at least three electrode modules for generating an elongated spark discharge in a vessel capable of containing a pool of water, wherein each electrode module comprises an electrode ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS INCLUDING FLOW CHANNEL, FIRST AND SECOND ELECTRODES, INSULATOR SURROUNDING LATERAL SURFACE OF FIRST ELECTRODE, GAS SUPPLY DEVICE, AND POWER SUPPLY SOURCE

A liquid treatment apparatus includes a flow channel, first and second electrodes at least part of each of which is disposed within the flow channel, an insulator, a gas supply device, and a power supply source that applies a voltage between the first and second electrodes and generates plasma. The insulator has a tubular shape and an opening on an end surface of the insulator, and surrounds a lateral surface of the first electrode with a space interposed between the insulator and the first electrode. The gas supply device supplies and ejects a gas into the liquid via the opening. At least part of the flow channel extends in a first direction which is inclined with respect to a horizontal direction so that the liquid flows obliquely upward with respect to the horizontal direction. The opening is positioned within the at least part of the flow channel. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a flow channel for causing a liquid to flow therethrough;a first electrode at least part of which is disposed within the flow channel;a second electrode at least part of which is disposed within the flow channel;an insulator having a tubular shape and an opening on an end surface of the insulator, the insulator surrounding a lateral surface of the first electrode with a space interposed between the insulator and the lateral surface of the first electrode;a gas supply device that supplies a gas to the space and ejects the gas into the liquid via the opening; anda power supply source that applies a voltage between the first and second electrodes and generates plasma, whereinat least part of the flow channel extends in a first direction which is inclined with respect to a horizontal direction so that the liquid flows obliquely upward with respect to the horizontal direction, andthe opening is positioned within the at least part of the flow channel.2. The liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a reaction tank containing the flow channel,wherein the ...

LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

treatment apparatus including: a tubular treatment tank whose end along a central axis is closed and sectional shape orthogonal to the central axis is a circular shape; a first electrode disposed on one end of the central axis of the treatment tank and having a bar shape; a second electrode disposed on the other end thereof; a power supply applying voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; a rotation mechanism rotating the first electrode about a central axis of the first electrode; and an air introduction portion introducing the liquid to the one end of the central axis of the treatment tank from a tangential direction of the circular sectional shape of the treatment tank, and causing liquid to swirl about the central axis of the treatment tank therein to generate a gas phase in a swirling flow of the liquid. 1. A liquid treatment apparatus comprising:a tubular treatment tank of which one end along a central axis is closed and a sectional shape orthogonal to the central axis is a circular shape, and which has a liquid introduction port introducing the liquid from a tangential direction of the circular sectional shape to a side of the one end of the central axis, and causing liquid to swirl about the central axis to generate a gas phase in a swirling flow of the liquid;a first electrode which is disposed on the side of the one end of the central axis of the treatment tank and has a bar shape;a second electrode which is disposed on a side of the other end of the central axis of the treatment tank;a power supply which applies a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; andan electrode rotation device which rotates the first electrode about a central axis of the first electrode.2. The liquid treatment apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an ammeter which is connected between the first electrode and the second electrode; andan electrode moving device which changes a distance between the first electrode and the second ...

WATER TREATMENT DEVICE AND HUMIDIFICATION DEVICE

A water treatment device includes: an insulating divider which divides a space inside a water tank into two treatment vessels adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction, and includes a current carrier which is able to energize water in the two treatment vessels; a treatment unit including a pair of electrodes, a power supply, and a power supply controller; a water supplier which supplies water to each of the treatment vessels; and a draining member which drains water from each of the treatment vessels. The treatment unit includes a detector which detects a level of water in each of the treatment vessels based on an index corresponding to a current value between the pair of electrodes.