УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ВОДЫ

Изобретение относится к электролитическому устройству для очистки закисленных вод. Устройство включает катод, анод и ионообменную мембрану, причем мембрана располагается между катодом и анодом и, по меньшей мере, непрерывно охватывает периферийную область, электролитическое устройство в верхней и нижней периферийных областях оснащено большим числом впускных патрубков и выпускных патрубков, соединенных с катодным и/или анодным отсеком так, что в катодном и анодном отсеке формируется поршневой режим потока, который, в идеальном случае, характеризуется ламинарным профилем течения. Изобретение обеспечивает пригодное устройство для жидкостей с низкими концентрациями ионов с низким энергопотреблением в заданном эксплуатационном режиме. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКОЙ СРЕДЫ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Использование: для электрохимической обработки жидкой среды, позволяющей получать стерилизующий, дезинфицирующий, обеззараживающий, моющедезинфицирующий, отбеливающий или лекарственный растворы антибактериального и противовирусного действия, а также проводить обеззараживание и очистку жидкой среды от токсичных органических веществ, тяжелых, щелочноземельных металлов, железа и других примесей. Область применения - здравоохранение, пищевая, химическая и другие отрасли промышленности. Сущность изобретения: установка содержит источник постоянного электрического тока, проточную диафрагменную электролизную ячейку, подводящую линию обрабатываемой жидкой среды, катодную отводящую линию для отвода жидкой среды из катодной камеры к месту отбора или слива, анодную отводящую линию для отвода жидкой среды из анодной камеры в каталитический реактор разложения активного хлора, выходную линию для отвода жидкой среды к месту отбора, а также обводную линию, дополнительную выходную линию и переключатель потока ...

VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON WASSER FÜR DESODORIERUNGS-UND REINIGUNGSANWENDUNGEN

Substanz für die Zubereitung eines Mundspülmittels

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Substanz, insbesondere Trockensubstanz, für die Zubereitung eines Mundspülmittels zur Bekämpfung von Schädigungen des Mund- und Rachenraums, insbesondere von Mukositis, Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Aphten, Parodontitis, der Hand-Fuß-Mund-Krankheit und/oder Soor. Erfindungsgemäß bilden zerkleinerte Weintraubenkerne einen wirksamen Bestandteil dieser Substanz.

Method and apparatus for the electrochemical processing of aqueous salt solutions

Electrode assembly and electro-chemical cell comprising the same

Electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution

In electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution in an electrolytic cell output solution having a predetermined level of available free chlorine is produced by applying a substantially constant current across the cell between an anode and a cathode while passing a substantially constant throughput of chloride ions through the cell. In a modification the method is characterised by i) supplying an aqueous salt solutions t anode and cathode chambers by way of respective input lines, the cathode chamber input line being provided with a flow regulator ; ii) causing a substantially constant current to flow between the node and the cathode ; and iii) recirculating a proportion of the solution output from the cathode chamber t the anode chamber. Also disclosed is a method of mixing miscible liquids comprising dispensing one liquid from a pulsed source into another liquid supplied as a continuous stream through a plurality of apertures along the flow path to produce a flow of uniformly mixed ...

Producing electrolyzed water by controlling its temperature

In the production of electrolyzed water by applying a voltage to electrodes 3a,3b disposed in electrolyte cell 1 containing pure water having electrolyte therein the temperature of the water is controlled to 15-100{C. Anodic water and cathodic water are introduced into cells 6a,6b respectively to treat wafers therein, the used waters being then mixed in reservoir 7 before regeneration to pure water for recycle to cell 1.

ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE WATER STERILIZATION OF MEANS AVAILABLE CHLORINE

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WATER FOR DEODORIERUNGS AND APPLICATIONS OF CLEANING

PROCEDURE AND VORRRICHTUNG FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTROLYTIC REDUCED WATER

An improved electrochemical cell arrangement and method for separating impurities

An electrochemical method for separating impurities from aqueous solutions, comprises the steps of circulating an aqueous feed solution containing an impurity ion to a cathode chamber of an electrochemical cell containing a cathode; circulating an acidic electrolyte solution to an anode chamber containing an anode; separating the anode chamber from the cathode chamber with a central chamber, to form a 3-chamber cell, having an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the cathode chamber and the central chamber, and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the anode chamber and the central chamber; circulating or adding a chloride solution within or to the central chamber; applying a current across the anode and cathode to facilitate hydrogen ions generated at the anode to migrate through the cation exchange membrane into the central chamber, and chloride ions generated in the cathode chamber to migrate across the anion exchange membrane to the central chamber to form ...

Liquid chemical composition

The invention provides a liquid composition when used for maintenance of a body of water, the liquid composition comprising a solution of magnesium and potassium salts, at least one of which is a halide salt. Preferably, the liquid composition comprises Mg ...

Gas drive electrolytic cell

Electrodesalination system and method

Systems and methods for the desalination of seawater or brackish water for the purpose of obtaining potable water. Systems may include a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeionization modules. The system configuration and process controls may achieve low energy consumption and stable operation.

Electrolysis device and heat pump hot-water supply device provided with same

An electrolysis device (41) is used in a heat pump water heater provided with a water heat exchanger (21) for heating water, and the electrolysis device is for removing scale components included in water. The electrolysis device (41) is provided with the following: a container (47) having a water inlet (43) and a water outlet (45); a plurality of electrodes (51, 52) disposed inside of the container (47); and a gas discharge part (70) provided at a position higher than the water outlet (45) and for preventing discharge of water from the inside of the container (47) to the outside thereof while allowing discharge of gas from the inside of the container (47) to the outside thereof.

Method and apparatus for the treatment of effluents from production plants of epoxy compounds

The invention relates to a process of abatement of the organic content of a depleted brine coming from epoxy compound production involving a vapour stripping step and a mineralisation with hypochlorite in two steps, at distinct pH and temperature conditions.

Apparatus for producing hydrogen-dissolved drinking water and process for producing the dissolved drinking water

Disclosed is an apparatus for producing a hydrogen-dissolved drinking water which is suitable as a drinking water for household use and has a high dissolved hydrogen concentration, and in which the lite duration of dissolved hydrogen is prolonged. The apparatus includes a water-flow-type electrolysis tank incorporated therein. High-purity water having a conductivity of not more than 50 S/cm is supplied into the electrolysis tank to produce a drinking water that has a dissolved hydrogen concentration of not less than 0.1 ppm at a pH value of 2.5 to 8.5, particularly 5.8 to 8.5. The apparatus is characterized in that the electrolysis tank comprises a vertical anode chamber provided with a water-permeable plate-like anode electrode and a vertical cathode chamber provided with a plate-like cathode electrode, the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated from each other with a barrier membrane formed of a fluorocarbon cation exchange membrane, the water-permeable plate-like anode electrode ...

Electrolyzed water composition

The present invention provides a method for producing electrolyzed water composition for use in cleaning and disinfecting of an object. The method comprises preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from: alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts and/or alkali earth metal chloride salts. The method further comprises introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes. The method further comprises operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species with antimicrobial activity.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE OXIDATIVE REDUCTIVE POTENTIAL (ORP) WATER

A method and apparatus for electrolytically producing oxidation reduction potential water from aqueous salt solutions for use in disinfection, sterilization, decontamination, wound cleansing. The apparatus includes an electrolysis unit having a three-compartment cell (22) comprising a cathode chamber (18), an anode chamber (16), and a saline solution chamber (20) interposed between the anode and cathod chambers. Two communicating (24, 26) membranes separate the three chambers. The center chamber includes a fluid flow inlet (21a) and outlet (21b) and contains insulative material that ensures direct voltage potential does not travel through the chamber. A supply of water flows through the cathode and anode chambers at the respective sides of the saline chamber. Saline solution flows through the center chamber, either by circulating a pre-prepared aqueous solution containing ionic species, or, alternatively, by circulating pure water or an aqueous solution of,e.g., aqueous hydrogen chloride ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY WASTE WATER

... ; In a method and apparatus for electrolytic treatment of liquids, a liquid containing reactants, such as waste water containing solids or liquid to be separated form water and/or containing substances to be decomposed or to be made innocuous, is passed between two plate-like electrodes of opposite charge having their operative surface opposed to each other, and forming a reaction area therebetween. A medium is introduced into the reaction area separately from the liquid to be treated, in a flow having a direction substantially different from that of the operative surface of the electrodes via holes perforated in the electrode plates.

ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR GENERATING CHLORINE DIOXIDE

A method for making chlorine dioxide, by passing an aqueous feed solution comprising sodium chlorite into a non-membrane electrolysis cell comprising an anode and a cathode, adjacent to the anode, while flowing electrical current between the anode and the cathode to electrolyze the aqueous feed solution and convert the halogen dioxide salt to halogen dioxide. The anode is preferably a porous anode through which the aqueous feed solution passes to maximize the conversion of chlorite to chlorine dioxide.

ADVANCED ELECTRODEIONIZATION FOR FLUID RECYCLING

In one embodiment, a system comprises a filter and at least one electrodeionization (EDI) unit for chemical recovery. The filter is adapted to receive a fluid and to remove a selected chemical element or contaminant from the fluid. The EDI unit (140) is coupled to the filter and adapted to recover a chemical element from the fluid and to separate the recovered chemical element from the fluid.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IONIZED WATER

An electrolysis system (100) for performing electrolysis on water, and a method of using same, are provided. In addition to an electrolysis tank (101), a membrane (111) separating the tank into two regions, and at least one pair of electrodes (113/115), the system includes at least one power source (117/119) coupled to the electrodes (113/115) and at least one pulse generator (125/127) coupled to the at least one power source (117/119). The pulse frequency defines a pulse cycle which is divided into a first portion and a second portion, each portion representing an individual pulse of a given voltage and a given duration. The system can also include a system controller (129) for determining at what point the electrolysis process is suspended or to vary system operating parameters in accordance with a set of preprogrammed instructions.

HIGH EFFICIENCY ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR GENERATING OXIDANTS IN SOLUTIONS

A method for killing microorganisms in water, by passing an aqueous feed solution comprising of water containing some form of halide salt into a non- membrane electrolysis cell comprising an anode and a cathode, adjacent to the anode, while flowing electrical current between the anode and the cathode to electrolyze the aqueous feed solution and convert the halide salt to anti- microbial mixed oxidants.

DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF WATER

The invention relates to an electrolysis device for the purification of acid waters, comprising a cathode, an anode and an ion exchange membrane, the membrane being arranged between the cathode and the anode and held at least continuously in the peripheral area, the upper and lower peripheral areas of the electrolysis device being provided with a large number of feed inlets and discharge outlets connected to the cathode and/or the anode compartment so that a plug flow forms in the cathode and in the anode compartment which, in an ideal version, is characterized by a laminar profile.

MEMBRANE ELECTROLYTIC REACTORS SYSTEM WITH FOUR CHAMBERS

The membrane electrolytic-reactors with four chambers and the means to regulate degassing, is designed for the production of active pH-neutral disinfectant solutions. These solutions are electrolytically activated by weak brine and are intended for disinfection of drinking water and surfaces.

ACIDIC ELECTROLYZED WATER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, DISINFECTANT AND CLEANSER CONTAINING ACIDIC ELECTROLYZED WATER, DISINFECTING METHOD USING ACIDIC ELECTROLYZED WATER, AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR ACIDIC ELECTROLYZED WATER

An acidic electrolyzed water and a manufacturing method therefor, a disinfectant and a cleanser containing acidic electrolyzed water, and a disinfecting method using acidic electrolyzed water which has disinfecting power for a long period of time, and which leaves behind a reduced amount of solid residue after evaporation is disclosed. The acidic electrolyzed water can have an effective chlorine concentration of 10 ppm or more, and contain metal ions at a concentration (molar equivalent ratio) of from 0.46 to 1.95 relative to the effective chlorine concentration, the metal ions being cations of an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal.

MAGNESIUM RECOVERY METHOD AND MAGNESIUM RECOVERY APPARATUS

In this magnesium recovery method and this magnesium recovery apparatus, anodically electrolyzed water (7a) and cathodically electrolyzed water (7b) both generated by the electrolysis of seawater are separated from each other, an alkaline material is introduced into the anodically electrolyzed water to adjust the pH value of the anodically electrolyzed water, magnesium is allowed to precipitate in the cathodically electrolyzed water in the form of magnesium hydroxide and is then recovered, the pH-adjusted anodically electrolyzed water and the cathodically electrolyzed water after the fixing of a carbonate salt are joined together, and the joined solution is adjusted to the same pH value as that of seawater and is then discharged. In this manner, magnesium can be recovered from seawater while minimizing an environmental load.

MAGNESIUM RECOVERY METHOD AND MAGNESIUM RECOVERY APPARATUS

In this magnesium recovery method and this magnesium recovery apparatus, anodically electrolyzed water (7a) and cathodically electrolyzed water (7b) both generated by the electrolysis of seawater are separated from each other, an alkaline material is introduced into the anodically electrolyzed water to adjust the pH value of the anodically electrolyzed water, magnesium is allowed to precipitate in the cathodically electrolyzed water in the form of magnesium hydroxide and is then recovered, the pH-adjusted anodically electrolyzed water and the cathodically electrolyzed water after the fixing of a carbonate salt are joined together, and the joined solution is adjusted to the same pH value as that of seawater and is then discharged. In this manner, magnesium can be recovered from seawater while minimizing an environmental load.

ELECTROLYSIS CELL HAVING ELECTRODES WITH VARIOUS-SIZED/SHAPED APERTURES

An electrolysis cell (18, 50, 80, 406, 552, 708, 804) is provided, which includes an anode electrode and a cathode electrode (60, 62, 84, 86, 100, 104, 108, 204, 206). At least one of the anode electrode or the cathode electrode (60, 62, 84, 86, 100, 104, 108, 204, 206) includes a first plurality of apertures (102, 106, 110) having a first size and/or shape and a second plurality of apertures (102, 106, 110) having a second, different size and/or shape.

TUBULAR ELECTROLYSIS CELL COMPRISING CONCENTRIC ELECTRODES AND CORRESPONDING METHOD

An electrolysis cell (10) is provided, which includes an inlet (12, 63, 65), an outlet (36, 63, 65), and coaxial, cylindrical inner and out-er electrodes (20, 22). A cylindrical ion- selective membrane (18) is located between the inner and outer electrodes (20, 22) and forms respective first and second electrolysis reaction chambers (14, 16) on opposing sides of the membrane (18). Fluid flow paths along the first and second chambers (14, 16) join together as a combined inlet flow path (70) through the inlet (12, 63, 65) and a combined outlet flow path (72) through the outlet (36, 63, 65).

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE

There is provided an automated electrochemical device for generating a biocidal output solution, said device comprising: a flow-through electrochemical cell comprising an anodic chamber and a cathodic chamber for electrolysing an electrolyte to generate an anolyte solution and a catholyte solution; characterised in that the device further comprises: (i) a reservoir for storing catholyte; and (ii) a hydraulic circuit for recirculating catholyte from the reservoir to the anolyte on start-up of the cell, wherein input of catholyte of a compensating strength to the cell anodic chamber, is arranged so as to optimise the cell anolyte pH to produce a stable output solution at the start of the electrolysis process.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING BROMINE

The present invention provides a process for generating an aqueous solution containing at least one active bromine compound (13) comprising the steps of: electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing bromide ions so that bromate ions are formed in said aqueous solution (1); and introducing into the aqueous solution containing bromate ions an acid to generate an aqueous solution containing at least one active bromine compound (11). The present invention also provides an apparatus for generating an aqueous solution containing at least one active bromine compound. The aqueous solution containing the active bromine compound(s) generated using the process and apparatus of the present invention may be used for water treatment and the recovery of precious metals such as gold.

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF LIQUID SUCH AS WATER

A method of electroprocessing liquid such as water comprises providing an electrolyser with cathode and anode chambers, each having respective electrodes. An electric current source is provided for the electrodes. Liquid is passed through an inlet of the cathode chamber (76) and passes from the cathode chamber at least partly to an inlet of the anode chamber (80) with the remainder passing along a further flow path to an outlet (88). Apparatus is provided for carrying out the method including a hydraulic valving arrangement to allow control of flow of liquid from cathode to anode and along the further flow path.

Automatic dish-washing machine

This dish-washing machine is provided with an electrochemical cell (4) comprising a brine container (3) provided with a metering piston (21) actuated by an electromagnet (28) and connected, by a solenoid valve (13) controlling a connecting conduit (11), to a water-supply conduit (1). The inlet opening of this connecting conduit in the cell (4) is controlled by a float valve (18). The solenoid valve has two channels (13, 13a) and simultaneously controls the outlet conduit (15) which opens out into the washing chamber of the washing machine. The power supply to the cell (4) is controlled by the program selector (10) of the machine. ...

Automatic washing machine

This washing machine is provided with an electrochemical cell (4) fitted with a reservoir of brine (9) provided with a metering piston (16a, 16b) actuated by an electromagnet (21) and connected via a solenoid valve (14) controlling a duct (3) for connecting to a water supply duct (1). The inlet opening of this connection duct into the cell (4) is controlled by a float valve (11). The electrovalve is a two-way electrovalve (14, 14a) and simultaneously controls the outlet duct (13) which opens out into the washing drum of the washing machine. The power supply to the cell (4) is controlled by the programme selector (8) of the machine. ...

DEVICE TO THE CHLOREN OF WATER.

Modular developed device for the continuous, electrolytic treatment of drinking and industrial water.

Eine modular aufgebaute Vorrichtung für ein damit auszuführendes Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen, elektrolytischen Behandlung von Trink- und Brauchwasser sowie anderen als Elektrolyt (5, 5´) geeigneten Lösungen weist einen durch ein Diaphragma (4) und eine Anode (10) sowie eine dazwischen angeordnete Spacerplatte (45) begrenzten Anodenraum (12) und einen durch das Diaphragma (4) und eine Kathode (20) sowie eine dazwischen angeordnete Spacerplatte (45´) begrenzten Kathodenraum (22) auf. Der modulare Aufbau der Vorrichtung besteht weiterhin aus jeweils einer von Anodenraum (12) resp. Kathodenraum (22) abgewandten, an der Anode (10) resp. Kathode (20) anliegenden Isolatorplatte (2), wobei eines oder mehrere solcher Diaphragmalysemodule (1) durch eine Basisplatte (30) und eine Abdeckplatte (31) mittels Schraubverbindung mechanisch gehalten werden.

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISMANTLING BY ORGANIC MATERIALS AND/OR FEED WATER FOR HIGH-PURITY WATER CYCLES, PRE-TREATED BY GERMS IN.

Method and device for preparation of antioxidant with boron doped diamond electrodes for oral ingestion by means of electrolysis of water.

Verfahren und Gerät zur Produktion und zur oralen Aufnahme und intrazellulären Invasion von aktivem Wasserstoff in Körperzeilen als effizientes Antioxidans mittels Wasserelektrolyse mittels Bor-dotierten Diamant-Elektroden zur Produktion von aktivem Wasserstoff durch die Erzeugung von überschüssigen Elektronen im elektrolysierten Wasser und zur Mikroclusterisation des Wassers zur verbesserten und rascheren Resorption und Invasion von aktivem Wasserstoff als Antioxidans in Körperzellen unter zusätzlicher Zugabe von Magnesium und gasförmigem Wasserstoff.

Procedure for the production of electricalactivated water.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektroaktiviertem Wasser, welches in einem geschlossenen Behältnis (9) bei einer Lagertemperatur von 15 °C bis 25 °C während wenigstens 3 Monaten eine keimreduzierende, keimabtötende Wirkung aufweist, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass man Wasser in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf (7) mehrmals durch eine Ionisations-Vorrichtung (2) pumpt, wobei dem Kreislauf-Wasser in beliebiger Reihenfolge eine Natriumchlorid-Lösung und gasförmiges Kohlenstoffdioxid zudosiert werden, wobei eine Kontroll- und Steuerungseinheit (3) die Stromstärke und die Spannung in der genannten Ionisations-Vorrichtung (2) sowie die Durchflussgeschwindigkeit und die Zugabe der Menge der Natriumchlorid-Lösung und der Menge des gasförmigen Kohlenstoffdioxids bezüglich vorbestimmter Werte kontrolliert und steuert, und dass man anschliessend das so erhaltene Produkt, also das elektroaktivierte Wasser, entweder in ein Behältnis (9) abfüllt und verschliesst ...

Eine Vorrichtung/eine Anlage und ein Verfahren zum Zuführen von Sole in kontrollierter Menge und Konzentration zu einem Elektrolyseur.

Bereitgestellt ist eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen einer kontrollierten Menge und Konzentration von Sole zu einem Elektrolyseur. Die Vorrichtung umfasst: einen Behälter, der gesättigte Sole enthält; eine Trinkwasserquelle; eine Anordnung von Mischleitungen, die mit einem Einlass des Elektrolyseurs verbunden ist; ein erstes Rohr, das den Solebehälter mit der Anordnung verbindet; eine zweite Leitung, die die Trinkwasserquelle mit der Anordnung verbindet; eine erste Steuereinrichtung, die mit der ersten Leitung in Verbindung steht, um die Durchflussrate der Sole in die Anordnung zu steuern; und eine zweite Steuereinrichtung, die mit der zweiten Leitung in Verbindung steht, um den Fluss des Trinkwassers in die Anordnung zu steuern. Die Anordnung von Mischleitungen ist so eingerichtet, dass sie Sole aufnimmt, die mit einer gesteuerten Durchflussrate in die Anordnung eintropft, und das Trinkwasser, das mit einer gesteuerten Durchflussrate in die Anordnung eintropft, und sie ist ferner so eingerichtet ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von atomarem H-Wasser mit Zusatz von Citrullin, als rehydrierendes, antioxidatives Getränk in Alu-Flaschen und Standbeuteln mittels Elektrolyse mit Bor-dotierten Voll-Diamant- und Titan-Elektroden.

Verfahren und Gerätschaft zur Produktion und zur oralen Aufnahme und intrazellulären Invasion von aktivem negativ geladenem Wasserstoff (Hydridion) in Körperzellen als effizientes Antioxidant mittels Wasserelektrolyse mit Bor-dotierten Diamant- und Titan Kohlenfasern Kontakt - Elektroden zur Produktion von aktivem Wasserstoff-Wasser durch die Erzeugung von überschüssigen Elektronen im elektrolysierten Wasser und zur Mikroclusterisation des Wassers zur verbesserten und rascheren Resorption und Invasion von aktivem negativ geladenem atomaren Wasserstoff als Antioxidant in Körperzellen unter zusätzlicher Injektions-Zugabe von gasförmigem Medizinal-Wasserstoff und Citrullin und je nach Bedarf von natürlichen Fruchtextrakt-Aromen.

ELECTRIC DESALTING SYSTEM AND METHOD

СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ СУЛЬФИДА ИЗ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ ПРОМЫВНЫХ ВОД

Щелочные растворы, образующиеся при экстрагировании сульфида из углеводородных текучих сред, могут быть обработаны при помощи сочетания одной или более электродиализных ячеек и биореактора. Электродиализная ячейка (2) содержит анод (4), катод (5), источник электропитания (7) и первую (12) и вторую (11) камеры, отделенные одна от другой анионообменной мембраной (9). Щелочной раствор подают в первую камеру с катодной стороны, а дилюат (обедненный сульфидом поток), выходящий из первой камеры, имеет пониженное содержание сульфида и может быть повторно использован в виде щелочного экстрагирующего раствора. Концентрат (обогащенный сульфидом поток), выходящий из второй камеры, обрабатывают в биореакторе (3) для удаления сульфида и затем возвращают.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR EPOXY COMPOUNDS

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ АНОДНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ РАСТВОРА ХЛОРИДОВ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ ИЛИ ЩЕЛОЧНОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ

Установка для получения продуктов анодного окисления раствора хлоридов щелочных или щелочноземельных металлов, которая включает как минимум один электрохимический реактор, выполненный из 2-16 электрохимических ячеек, линии подведения и отведения катодных и анодных камер выполненых в виде трубопроводов, коллектор подачи исходного раствора, нижний коллектор катодного циркуляционного контура, теплообменник, верхний коллектор катодного циркуляционного контура и коллектор сбора газообразных продуктов анодных камер ячеек, которые расположены на одной вертикальной оси, причем число входящих и исходящих патрубков коллекторов отвечает количеству ячеек в реакторе, и патрубки расположены симметрично относительно вертикальной оси симметрии коллекторов.

СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ СУЛЬФИДА ИЗ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ ПРОМЫВНЫХ ВОД

Щелочные растворы, образующиеся при экстрагировании сульфида из углеводородных текучих сред, могут быть обработаны при помощи сочетания одной или более электродиализных ячеек и биореактора. Электродиализная ячейка содержит анод, катод, источник электропитания и первую и вторую камеры, отделенные одна от другой анионообменной мембраной. Щелочной раствор подают в первую камеру с катодной стороны, а дилюат (обедненный сульфидом поток), выходящий из первой камеры, имеет пониженное содержание сульфида и может быть повторно использован в виде щелочного экстрагирующего раствора. Концентрат (обогащенный сульфидом поток), выходящий из второй камеры, обрабатывают в биореакторе для удаления сульфида и затем возвращают.

SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCING HYPOCHLORITE

Procede et installation de desinfection des eaux de baignade par de l'hypochlorite de sodium produit electrochimiquement in situ

La presente invention a pour objet des procedes et des installations de traitement electrochimiques pour l'assainissement des eaux par action de l'hypochlorite de sodium. Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui des installations de traitement et de recyclage de bassins, pour la desinfection et l'assainissement des eaux, essentiellement de baignade amenagees tels que celles des piscines et des parcs aquatiques. L'installation suivant le procede de l'invention peut se rajouter au circuit 9 principal de regeneration existant dans lesdits bassins 1 par derivation du debit des eaux recyclees a traiter dans des circuits secondaires 17 et 18. Un de ces circuits 17 comporte un bac 8 contenant une solution concentree d'acide chlorhydrique et, en parallele, un bac 7 contenant une solution de chlorure de sodium permettant de maintenir dans le circuit principal 9 des taux de pH et de salinite donnes. Un autre circuit 18 comporte des cellules electrochimiques 10 qui transforment le chlorure de ...

Process and apparatus for the sterilization of water

PROCEDE D'EXTRACTION SELECTIVE DE METAUX A PARTIR DE SOLUTIONS DE LIXIVIATION ET DISPOSITIF POUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE DE CE PROCEDE

LA PRESENTE INVENTION SE RAPPORTE A UN PROCEDE D'EXTRACTION DES SOLUTIONS DE LIXIVIATION ET A UN DISPOSITIF POUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE DE CE PROCEDE. L'INVENTION EST CARACTERISEE PAR LE FAIT QU'UN ESPACE 5 SOUMIS A L'ACTION D'UN CHAMP ELECTRIQUE CONTINU EST DIVISE EN UNE ZONE ANODIQUE 6 ET UNE ZONE CATHODIQUE 7 PAR LESQUELLES ON FAIT PASSER SIMULTANEMENT LES SOLUTIONS A TRAITER, EN MAINTENANT DANS LA ZONE CATHODIQUE UN PH DE LA SOLUTION DANS UN INTERVALLE DE 1 A 14 GRACE A L'APPLICATION D'UN CHAMP ELECTRIQUE ET D'UN CHAMP MAGNETIQUE EXTERIEURS. L'INVENTION PEUT TROUVER APPLICATION DANS L'HYDROMETALLURGIE DE METAUX NON-FERREUX.

ELECTROCOAGULATEUR

L'ELECTROCOAGULATEUR COMPORTE UNE CHAMBRE DE DECANTATION 1 AVEC UNE CHAMBRE VERTICALE D'ELECTROCOAGULATION 2 INSTALLEE COAXIALEMENT A LA PREMIERE. DANS LA PARTIE INFERIEURE DE LA CHAMBRE 2 EST MONTE UN SYSTEME D'ELECTRODES SOLUBLES 5 AU-DESSUS DESQUELLES EST DISPOSEE UNE TUBULURE 6 POUR AMENER UN LIQUIDE POLLUE. L'ELECTROLYTE EST AMENE DANS LA CHAMBRE 2 A TRAVERS UNE TUBULURE 7 DISPOSEE DANS SA PARTIE INFERIEURE. LE LIQUIDE PURIFIE EST EVACUE A TRAVERS UNE TUBULURE 3 DE LA CHAMBRE DE DECANTATION 1. ENTRE LES ELECTRODES 5 ET LA TUBULURE 6 SONT MONTEES DES GRILLES 8 FORMANT ECRAN ELECTRIQUE.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF AT LEAST ONE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

Control of output of electrolytic cell - for dosing of town's water

Control of output of electrolytic cell - for dosing of town's water

APPARATUS OF CHLORINATION HAS ELECTROLYTIC CELL ALIMENTEE IN SALINE SOLUTION

ELECTROLYSIS CELL, AND, METHOD

dispositivo de eletrólise para a purificação de água

Electrolyzed water producing apparatus

An electrolyzed water producing apparatus (100, 110) includes a raw water reserving unit (1b) where raw water is reserved, an electrolytic bath (6) separated into first and second electrode chambers (6a, 6b) by a membrane and serving to electrolyze the raw water and produce an electrolyzed water, introducing flow paths (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) for introducing the raw water reserved in the raw water reserving unit (1b) into the electrolytic bath (6), a supply unit (13) provided to the introducing flow paths (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) and serving to supply the raw water to the electrolytic bath (6), discharge flow paths (11a, 11b) for returning the electrolyzed water discharged from the first electrode chamber (6a) to the raw water reserving unit (1b), a drain flow path (10) for draining the electrolyzed water discharged from the second electrode chamber (6b), a drain flow path (14); connected to the introducing flow path on the downstream side of the supply unit (13) and serving to drain the water staying ...

Device for treating water

The present invention relates to a device for treating water, which comprises a receiving portion which receives water to be treated, and a pair of electrodes for treating nitrogen, which are soaked in the treated water in aforesaid receiving portion, and the nitrogen compound in said treated water is treated in an electrochemical manner. That is, in the device for treating water, through the electrochemical manner, i.e., not relying on microorganism, the nitrogen component in the treated water is removed. Thus, the capability for removing the nitrogen component in the device for treating water is not affected by temperature.

Water treatment equipment

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ANODIC OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF ANALKALI OR ALKALI-EARTH METAL CHLORIDE SOLUTION

The invention relates to chemical engineering, in particular to devices for electrolysing aqueous solutions of alkali or alkali-earth metal chlorides and for obtaining gaseous electrolytic products such as chlorine and oxygen and can be used for water cleaning and disinfecting processes and for electrochemically producing different chemical products. The inventive device comprises at least one electrochemical reactor (1) comprising from 2 to 16 electrochemical cells. Lines for supplying and discharging cathodic and anodic chambers are embodied in the form of pipelines having an internal diameter equal to or less than 0.5 ACD and the equal lengths which are equal to or greater than 2 Ld, wherein ACD is an anode-to-cathode distance and Ld is the cathode length. A collector for supplying an initial solution (10), the lower collector of a the cathodic circulating circuit (15), a heat exchanger (18), the top collector of the cathodic circulating circuit (14) and a collector for collecting gaseous ...

SUBMERGED ARC REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM LIQUIDS

To remove a contaminant from a liquid, a pulsed electrical arc discharge is effected between two electrodes immersed in the liquid, thereby creating a plurality of particles within the liquid. One or both of the electrodes is metallic, for example iron or titanium. Before the pulsed electrical arc discharge is terminated, another step that promotes destruction of the contaminant by particles, such as removing the particles from the liquid or adding an oxidizer to the liquid, is performed. In the case of the extra step being adding an oxidizer to the liquid, preferably the termination of the pulsed electrical arc discharge is followed by allowing the liquid and the particles therein to age.

METHOD FOR GENERATING AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED SOLUTION BY ELECTROLYSIS

The invention relates to a method for generating an electrochemically activated solution by electrolysis of briny water, wherein particularly high shelf life of the anolytes is to be ensured. To this end, a carbonate of sodium is added to the anolytes as a stabilizer.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A UNIFORM CROSS-FLOW OF AN ELECTROLYTE CHAMBER OF AN ELECTROLYSIS CELL

The invention relates to a method which is used to produce a uniform cross-flow of an electrolyte chamber of an electrolysis cell, whereby a maximum deviation from the central flow speed is less than 1 % - 25 % which is produced by suitable constructive measures. The invention also relates to an electrolysis cell comprising at least two electrolyte chambers, wherein at least one electrode is arranged and which respectively comprises an inlet and outlet area. The cross-flow cross-section in the inlet and/or outlet area reduces in such a manner that the pressure is reduced again.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

An apparatus (20) for treating contaminated water has an electrocoagulation reactor (26) and a clarifier (30) to receive the effluent of the reactor. The reactor has a reaction vessel (48) having an inlet (58) and an outlet (62), a sacrificial anode (64), a rotatable cathode (68) and a non-sacrificial anode (66). A first gap (70) between the sacrificial anode and the cathode comprises a first water treatment zone. A second gap (74) between the cathode and the non-sacrificial anode comprises the second water treatment zone. The water flow path is from the inlet to the first treatment zone, then to the second treatment zone and then to the outlet. In the clarifier, the reactor effluent is separated into cleaned water and the contaminated sludge.

PHYSIOLOGICALLY BALANCED, IONIZED, ACIDIC SOLUTION AND METHODOLOGY FOR USE IN WOUND HEALING

Described herein is a physiologically balanced, ionized, acidic solution, typically prepared by the electrolysis of a solution comprising a mixture of inorganic salts in physiologically balanced proportions. This invention also relates to the use of the solutions. A mixture of inorganic salts and, optionally minerals, (such as metallic elements) is used in order to mimic the electrolyte concentration and mixture of body fluid in an isotonic state. The solution typically comprises halide salts of sodium, potassium, calcium, and other cations. Typically the halide is fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide. A typical electrolyzed solution of the invention has a pH within the range of about 2 to about 6, an oxidation reduction potential within the range of about +600 mV to about +1200 mV, and a titratable halide content within the range of about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm. The pH of the electrolyzed, chlorine-comprising solution is typically lowered to about 6 or less, giving the solution bactericidal ...

Process for electrolytically purifying a photographic waste solution

After silver has been recovered from a photographic waste solution, said waste solution is electrolytically purified by adding chloride ion and carbonate ion or chloride ion, carbonate ion and iodide or iodate ion to said waste solution under limited pH, temperature, anode current density and current concentration conditions.

Process for treating a sulfur-containing spent caustic refinery stream using a membrane electrolyzer powered by a fuel cell

A continuous method for the treatment of a spent aqueous caustic stream used to scrub a hydrocarbon process stream to remove oxidizable sulfur-containing compounds includes: a. mixing an oxidizing hypochlorous acid stream produced from an aqueous brine solution with the aqueous caustic stream to form a reactive mixed feedstream; b. contacting the reactive mixed feedstream with at least one catalyst to promote the oxidation of the sulfur-containing compounds and the neutralization of the sodium hydroxide; and c. recovering a neutral treated product stream comprising aqueous sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride that is odorless, non-toxic and environmentally acceptable for discharge into the sea or into a conventional sewage treatment system. Preferably, the hypochlorous acid is produced by an electrolyzer that also produces a (1) hydrogen stream that is directed to a PEM fuel cell to generate at least a portion of the electrical power requirement of the electrolyzer, and ...

HIGH VOLUME WATER ELECTROLYZING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING

An electrolyzing system is provided for producing higher quantities of electrolyzed waters within prescribed pH ranges for optimum usage and which can be operated for producing greater quantities of alkaline electrolyzed water than acidic electrolyzed water consistent with a users requirements. The system includes an electrolytic cartridge having cathode and anode cells each comprising a pair of electrodes disposed in laterally spaced coplanar relation to each other, with a respective ion permeable membrane in spaced relation to the pairs of electrodes. The cells are separated with a common separator plate that maintains the ion permeable membranes in parallel relation with the respective electrodes and which facilitates the communication of brine solution from a brine bath to both cells. The cells further can be operate with staggered input currents and the redirection of electrolyzed water between the cells for optimum control of pH levels of the resulting products. 1. An electrolyzing system for electrolyzing a brine solution of water and ions of an alkali salt to produce acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water , the system comprising:a vessel for containing the brine solution comprising cations and anions and defining a brine bath;an electrolytic cartridge arranged in said vessel and immersed in the brine bath;said electrolytic cartridge comprising a cathode cell and an anode cell;said cathode cell including a pair of cathode electrodes connected to an electrical supply that negatively charges the cathode electrodes;a cathode electrode holder supporting said cathode electrodes in laterally spaced side by side relation to each other;at least one cation permeable membrane disposed on one side of each of said cathode electrodes defining a space between each cathode electrode and the cation permeable membrane through which cations from the brine solution can enter through the cation permeable membrane;said spaces between cathode electrodes and ...

Service crane for a wind turbine

A service crane for a wind turbine having a nacelle and a hub. One or more wing blades is attached to the hub via a wing pitch bearing, and the service crane includes an attachment foundation for connection to the hub. The service crane is adapted to be mounted on the wind turbine during operation and to be dismounted when not being used. The attachment foundation of the service crane is mounted on the hub of the wind turbine via the wing pitch bearing.

Electrolytic Cell and System for Treating Water

A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

Mediated electrochemical oxidation process used as a hydrogen fuel generator

A mediated electrochemical oxidation process and apparatus are used to process biological and organic materials to provide hydrogen and oxygen for use as fuel in numerous types of equipment. Waste materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures to avoid any possible formation of either dioxins or furans. The oxidation process may be enhanced by the addition of ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING A SULFUR-CONTAINING SPENT CAUSTIC REFINERY STREAM USING A MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZER POWERED BY A FUEL CELL

PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE AQUEOUS STREAM COMING FROM THE FISCHER-TROPSCH REACTION

A SERVICE CRANE FOR A WIND TURBINE

Liquid dispensing device

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Flüssigkeitsspendegerät mit einer Spendearmatur(1) für die Abgabe von Flüssigkeit, wobei die Spendearmatur eine einen Spendekanal aufweisende Spendeleitung (5) aufweist, die in einem ventillosen Auslaufhahn (7) mit endseitiger Auslauföffnung (8) endet, wobei der Auslaufhahn (7) mit einer Entkeimungseinrichtung zur Vermeidung einer Rückverkeimung versehen ist, die wenigstens ein Paar von jeweils aus einer Anode und einer Kathode bestehenden Elektroden (15, 16) aufweist, die in den Spendekanal hineinreichen und an eine Stromquelle angeschlossen sind, wobei der Auslaufhahn (7) derart gestaltet ist, dass bei bestimmungsgemäßer Montage der Spendearmatur (1) nach einem Spendevorgang eine Restflüssigkeitssäule zumindest in einem Hahnabschnitt (13) des Auslaufhahns (7) zurückbleibt und nicht über die Auslauföffnung (8) abfließt.

Process for decomposing organic matter and/or germs in pretreated feed water for extremely pure water circuits

A process for breaking down organic substances and/or microbes in pretreated feed water for high-purity recirculation systems using ozone which is generated in the anode space (5) of an electrochemical cell (3) and treated with ultraviolet rays and/or with H2 (8) generated in the cathode space (6) of the same cell (3) or H2 (20) supplied from outside. The latter is used to reduce elementary oxygen in any form to harmless water. Post treatment via mixed bed (14) and filter (15). Possibility of feeding back water (19) downstream of the receiver (17). No harmful reaction products.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING SOLVENT FROM A FLUID

An electrochemical system has a first reservoir receiving a feed stream. The feed stream includes a solvent and a solute different than the salt. A second reservoir receives a brine stream with a higher salt concentration higher than the feed stream. Electrodes contact a loop of redoxactive electrolyte material causing reversible redox reactions. The reactions cause the loop to accept a first ion from the salt in the first reservoir and drive a second ion into the brine stream in the second reservoir. Three ionic exchange membranes of alternating type define the first and second reservoirs. A concentrate stream is output from the first reservoir, the concentrate stream having a second solute concentration greater than the first solute concentration.

BATH WATER CIRCULATING DEVICE HAVING ELECTROLYTIC STERILIZING DEVICE

PURPOSE: To provide a safe sterilizing device having a high efficiency of chlorine sterilization by an electrolytic cell and having a deodorizing property as well in a device for cleaning, sterilizing, heat insulating and circulating bath water. CONSTITUTION: This bath water circulating device has a purifying filter, a heater 5, a circulating pump 3, an electrolytic sterilizing device 7 for generating chlorine by electrolytic sterilization, a common salt adding section 23 and a control valve 22 for controlling the amt. of the common salt to be supplied from the common salt adding section 23 and executes the sterilization of the bath water by supplying a mixture contg. the chlorine-component to electrolyze the bath water to a bathtub. The device is provided with a timer 13 or a timepiece device, by which the setting of the sterilization time and the setting of the sterilizing hour are easily executable. The bath water is efficiently sterilized concentrically at the hours, etc., when persons ...

An electrochlorination apparatus

An electrochlorination apparatus for generating a sodium hypochlorite solution comprises an electrolytic cell 2 and a brine tank 5 that is located above the electrolytic cell. The brine tank is adapted to supply a predetermined volume of a saturated brine solution to the cell via a gravity feed. A flow meter 22 is provided for connection to a water supply, wherein the flow meter is adapted to supply water to the electrolytic cell via valve means 25, 26. A controller 7 controls operation of the valve means whereby a predetermined volume of water as measured by the flow meter is supplied to the cell in combination with the brine solution so that the cell operates to produce a sodium hypochlorite solution of a predetermined concentration. Preferably, water is also supplied to the brine tank via the flow meter and the valve means. The controller may control operation of the apparatus using a batch process wherein in each batch the controller operates the valve means to supply predetermined ...

Method for producing electrolyzed water and apparatus for the same

Method and apparatus for generating electrolysed water

A method and apparatus for generating electrolyzed water is described. An electrolyte aqueous solution is circuited through a first electrolysis chamber 3a, of two electrolysis chambers placed on opposite sides of an ion-permeable membrane 2. Raw water is supplied only to the second electrolysis chamber 3b. A voltage is applied between electrodes 7a and 7b. Electrolyzed water generated in the second electrolysis chamber 3b is drawn out. The concentration of the electrolyte aqueous solution circulated through the first electrolysis chamber 3a is maintained within a predetermined range. The membrane 2 is an anion-exchange membrane. The electrolyte aqueous solution is circulated through the first cathode-side electrolysis chamber 3a; raw water is supplied only to the second anode-side electrolysis chamber 3b; and acid electrolysed water generated in the anode-side electrolysis chamber 3a is drawn out. The electrolyte aqueous solution is NaCI or KCI aqueous solution. The concentration is maintained ...

Producing electrolyzed water eg. for use as cleaning/etching agent in semiconductor manufacture

In the production of electrolyzed water by applying a voltage to electrodes 3a, 3b disposed in electrolytic cell 1 containing pure water having electrolyte therein, 1) the strength of the field is varied under control 15 eg. by changing the electrode separation or effective area (Figs. 4, 5), 2) ultrasonic waves are applied, 3) the temperature of the water is controlled to 15-100 DEG C, 4) a magnetic field is applied, 5) pressure is applied to suppress anodic or cathodic reaction, 6) a partition membrane comrising an ion-exchange membrane and a gas-permeable membrane divides the cell 1, or 7) the electrolytic cell comprises sub-cells having sidewalls facing each other and defining a space for waste solution discharge, the sidewalls comprising membranes composed of an ion-exchange and a gas-permeable membrane (Fig. 6). Anodic water and cathodic water are introduced into cells 6a, 6b respectively to treat wafers therein, the used waters being mixed in reservoir 7 before regeneration to pure ...

Generating electrolyzed water for treating semiconductor devices

Pre-electrolyzed solution is added in water to be electrolyzed at least at the beginning of electrolyzing processing. Pure water 105 and pre-electrolyzed water 106a, 106b are introduced into cells 108a, 108b separated by diaphragm 101. The pre-electrolyzed water may be anode electrolyzed and cathode electrolyzed water recirculated to the anode and cathode cells respectively (Fig 7). Another system comprises a cathode sub-cell, an anode sub cell, a main cathode cell, a main anode cell a cathode sub-cell and an anode sub-cell, (820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830 respectively Fig. 10), pure water being fed to the anode and cathode sub-cells, and a circulation system for circulating the electrolyzed water from the anode and cathode sub-cells to the anode and cathode main cells respectively. In another system upper and lower anodes are arranged in an anode cell, and upper and lower cathodes are arranged in a cathode cell with separate DC power supplies across the lower anode and cathode and upper ...

Electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WATER WITH NEGATIVE ONE AND POSITIVE ONE REDOX POTENTIAL (ORP)

HIGHLY DEVELOPED ELECTRODE IONIZATION FOR THE FLUID RECYCLING

DIAPHRAGM ELECTROLYSIS REACTOR SYSTEM WITH FOUR CHAMBERS

BADEWASSER UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG

Bathing water on the basis of tap water, is treated using electrolysis comprises at least one of alkali metal ions selected from sodium, potassium and lithium ions in a content of 100 mg/l up to the saturation limit and the chloride ion content of which is that of the underlying tap water. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) producing bathing water on the basis of tap water, which is suitable for treatment by using electrolysis involving: adding at least one of hydrogen carbonate compounds selected from NaHCO 3, KHCO 3or LiHCO 3and/or one of the carbonate compounds selected from Na 2CO 3, K 2CO 3or Li 2CO 3in such a quantity that the conductivity of the water is at least 0.5 mS/cm; and (2) a system comprising a bathing or swimming pool and a treatment cycle comprising a filtering device, circulating device and electrolysis cell, which is installed into the bypass or into the main flow, where the system is initially filled with the bathing water with conductivity of at ...

PROCEDURE AND PLANT FOR THE STERILIZATION OF BATH WATER THROUGH ELECTRO-CHEMICALLY INTO SITUERZEUGTES SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE.

Procedure and mechanism for steering the decomposition achievement of an electrolysis cell

ELEKTROKOAGULATOR

USE FROM WATER TO THE PRODUCTION OF A PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF DERMATOSEN WITH DOMESTIC ANIMALS

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS E.G. WATER

Apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams

An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell having an oxidation site defined by an anode, an anode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte anolyte where oxidation is effected, a cathode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte catholyte where reduction is effected, a cathode comprising conducting cathode particulates forming a cathode particulates bed and a current feeder device in at least intermittent contact with said cathode particulates where the cathode particulates are in motion and the particulates motion is substantially independent of bulk electrolyte flow, a separator which confines the cathode particulates to the cathode compartment, constrains electrolyte flow through the cathode particulates bed and permits ionic conduction of current between the anode and cathode, a cathode particulates conveyance system arranged to manipulate cathode particulates motion including a magnetic subsystem having at least one source of magnetic field arranged to interact with cathode particulates via magnetic field interaction.

Electrolytic conversion of waste water to potable water

A method for converting waste water into potable water using power from an electrical grid. The method comprises flowing the waste water through an electrolysis cell coupled to the grid, and, when power availability on the grid is above an upper threshold, biasing the electrolysis cell to form hydrogen. Hydrogen evolved in the electrolysis is then provided as fuel to one or more fuel cells. When the power availability on the grid is below a lower threshold, electric current and potable water are drawn from the one or more fuel cells.

Method and device for disinfectant production

A method of producing disinfectants by diaphragm electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is disclosed. Such disinfectants are used in agriculture, public health care and medical institutions, public water supply systems and elsewhere. A method for producing disinfectants is disclosed which permits adjustment of the range of the pH value from 2.5 to 8.5 by using devices with various capacities ranging from 1 to 600 g active chlorine per hour, while decreasing the consumption of electric energy and sodium chloride for the production of 1 g of active chlorine, and reducing the consumption of fresh water for producing of waste catholyte. The disclosed method processes the concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride in anode and cathode compartments at a lower flow rate, using the flow of fresh water through the inner space of a tubular cathode for cooling the solution.

Cleaning solution generator

A cleaning solution generator comprising a housing with an interior reservoir and a brine tank, the cleaning solution generator being configured to generate an alkaline solution from a mixed solution and to operably direct the generated alkaline solution to the interior reservoir of the housing.

Method and system for disposal of brine solution

A reverse electrodialyzer has a plurality of concentrated compartments and diluted compartments arranged alternatively. The concentrated compartments and the diluted compartments are formed by successive alternatively arranged oppositely charged ion exchange membranes between two electrodes. A brine solution is fed into the concentrated compartments, and a diluted solution is into the diluted compartments, the salinity of the diluted solution being lower than the salinity of the brine solution. Ions from the brine solution in the concentrated compartments pass through the membranes to the diluted solution in the diluted compartments forming a diluted brine solution in the concentrated compartments. The brine solution is extracted from the concentrated compartments for disposal. An electrical energy is produced due to the concentration difference of the brine solution and the diluted solution.

Apparatus and method for brine separation and reuse

According to one embodiment, an electrolytic membrane separation (EMS) subsystem is configured to remove one or more impurities from a contaminated reject solution and to recycle the reusable reject solution for subsequent use in regenerating ion exchange resins. According to another embodiment of the invention, the EMS subsystem is configured to concentrate the impurities recovered from the contaminated brine solution for subsequent disposal or treatment.

Method for managing the reversal frequency of an electrochemical reactor

The method for managing the polarity-reversal frequency of at least one pair of electrodes in an electrochemical reactor for water electrolysis includes observing a fluctuation in the hydrogen potential (pH) of the water, while carrying out a comparison of the pH measured at a given moment with a previous measurement or a predetermined initial value. An amount of treatment agent is injected into the water to adjust the pH to around a defined set point. The polarity-reversal frequency of electrodes is calculated on the basis of the temperature of the water, the pH fluctuation and amount of agent injected. The method includes estimating the total alkali strength on the basis of the injected amount and the pH fluctuation, anticipating the fluctuations in the pH relative to the preceding estimations, and readjusting complete alkalinity titration estimate and calculation of the polarity-reversal frequency.

Submerged arc removal of contaminants from liquids

To remove a contaminant from a liquid, a pulsed electrical arc discharge is effected between two electrodes immersed in the liquid, thereby creating a plurality of particles within the liquid. One or both of the electrodes is metallic, for example iron or titanium. Before the pulsed electrical arc discharge is terminated, another step that promotes destruction of the contaminant by particles, such as removing the particles from the liquid or adding an oxidizer to the liquid, is performed. In the case of the extra step being adding an oxidizer to the liquid, preferably the termination of the pulsed electrical arc discharge is followed by allowing the liquid and the particles therein to age.

Method and apparatus for electrochemical purification of wastewater

The invention of the current application is directed to a wastewater treatment apparatus. The invention includes a divided membrane electrochemical cell including an anode contained within a anode compartment and cathode contained within a cathode compartment. The anode compartment and said cathode compartment are separated by a proton selective membrane. The invention also includes a voltage source, and a liquid-gas separator. The invention is an economically viable electrochemical advanced oxidation system that can cost-effectively treat recalcitrant COD with low energy, without the necessity for chemicals, and reduce or prevent sludge production in a single step.

APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND PROCESS FOR DEHALOGENATING AN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTION

An apparatus for dehalogenating an aqueous salt solution may include a tank, an electrode pair positioned at least partially within the tank, and an aerator positioned at least partially below an anode of the electrode pair. An inlet of the tank may be configured to introduce the aqueous salt solution into the tank, and as the aqueous salt solution contacts the electrode pair that may include a voltage potential between the anode and cathode, electrolysis occurs and the halogens in the aqueous salt solution, e.g. chloride, may be oxidized at the anode. The aerator may be configured to sweep the halogens to the top of the tank. 1. An apparatus for dehalogenating an aqueous salt solution , comprising: an inlet configured to introduce the aqueous salt solution into the tank, and', 'an outlet configured to remove a dehalogenated aqueous solution from the tank;, 'a tank comprisingat least one electrode pair positioned at least partially within the tank, wherein each electrode pair comprises an anode and a cathode that are configured to be at least partially submerged in the aqueous salt solution, and wherein each electrode pair is configured to have a voltage potential between the anode and the cathode; andan aerator positioned at least partially below the anode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a sheath at least partially surrounding the anode, an inner surface of the sheath positioned at a distance from the anode and thereby defining an annulus that at least partially surrounds the anode, the sheath comprising a plurality of perforations formed therethrough, wherein the plurality of perforations is configured to allow the aqueous salt solution to flow into the annulus.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising:a partition extending from the bottom portion of the tank to the top portion of the tank, the partition extending from a first end of the tank to a location at a distance from the second end of the tank, the partition thereby defining ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS DISPERSION

Method and Apparatus for Treatment of Aqueous Dispersion A method and apparatus for applying electrocoagulation treatment to an aqueous dispersion includes: flowing the aqueous dispersion through a region with sacrificial electrodes located between opposed electrodes, and applying a voltage across the electrodes to pass a current. The voltage is maintained at a value V max when the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is S min or less and the voltage is allowed to decrease to values less than V max as the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion increases. Electrolyte may be added to the aqueous dispersion at low conductivities to further reduce power consumption. The invention allows the electrocoagulation process to operate automatically, without operator intervention, over a wide range of particulate levels with reduced electrical power consumption. 2. The method according to wherein Vis from 240 to 520 V.3. The method according to wherein a current from Cto Cis passed between the opposed electrodes when the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion in the flow-through cell has a value in excess of S claim 1 , and wherein the current is allowed to fall below Cwhen the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion in the flow-through cell has a value of Sor less.4. T method according to wherein Sis such that the current passed between the opposed electrodes claim 1 , when the voltage applied is V claim 1 , is from 5 to 20 A.5. The method according to wherein the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is measured by a conductivity monitor.6. The method of wherein the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is derived from measurements of the voltage and current across the opposed electrodes.7. The method according to wherein the current is maintained at a substantially constant value Cwhen the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is in excess of Sand the voltage is in excess of a value V claim 1 , and wherein the current is controlled to increase up to a value Cto maintain ...

MICROBIAL FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A microbial fuel cell system includes: a supply-drain compartment to which an electrolysis solution is supplied and from which the electrolysis solution is drained; a negative electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution and holding electricity-producing bacteria on a surface thereof; and a positive electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution, including at least a part exposed to a gas phase, and holding nitrifying bacteria on a surface thereof excluding the part exposed to the gas phase. At least one of the surface of the positive electrode excluding the part exposed to the gas phase and the electrolysis solution holds denitrifying bacteria. 1. A microbial fuel cell system comprising:a supply-drain compartment to which an electrolysis solution is supplied and from which the electrolysis solution is drained;a negative electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution and holding electricity-producing bacteria on a surface thereof; anda positive electrode soaked in the electrolysis solution, including at least a part exposed to a gas phase, and holding nitrifying bacteria on a surface thereof excluding the part exposed to the gas phase,wherein at least one of the surface of the positive electrode excluding the part exposed to the gas phase and the electrolysis solution holds denitrifying bacteria.2. The microbial fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising a current controller configured to control a current value between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.3. The microbial fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising an ion permeable film arranged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and at least permeable to hydrogen ions. This application is the U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2016/001354, filed on Mar. 10, 2016, which in turn claims the benefit of Japanese Application No. 2015-048232, filed on Mar. 11, 2015, the entire disclosures of which ...

Method of producing rinsing liquid

C

ELECTROLYSIS BATH FOR ACIDIC WATER AND METHOD FOR USING THE ACIDIC WATER

An electrolytic bath for manufacturing acidic water capable of ensuring sufficient conductivity through wide surfaces of electrodes and stability of the surfaces of the electrodes to electrolyze tap water as well as RO water or DI water, especially, by coupling electrodes having the same polarity as one to apply a power source to the electrodes having the same polarity at the same time without using an additional catalytic agent or ion exchange resin, and use of the acidic water are provided. In particular, an electrolytic bath for manufacturing acidic water capable of obtaining a high concentration of acidic water by further forming mesh electrodes having a polarity different from the plurality of electrodes on a surface of an ion exchange membrane to widen an area of the electrodes and minimize a distance between the electrodes, thereby further facilitating a redox reaction, and use of the acidic water are provided. 113-. (canceled)14. An electrolytic bath for manufacturing acidic water , comprising:a housing provided with at least two packing chambers divided by at least one ion exchange membrane, each of the packing chambers having a water inlet port and a water outlet port formed therein;first electrodes installed at the packing chamber;second electrodes installed adjacent to the ion exchange membrane in the packing chamber and having a polarity different from the first electrodes; andthird electrodes having the same polarity as the second electrodes and installed in the packing chamber to be spaced predetermined distances from the second electrodes,wherein the second electrodes and the third electrodes are coupled to each other so that a power source is applied to the second electrodes and the third electrodes at the same time.151. The electrolytic bath of claim 14 , wherein the ion exchange membrane and the first electrodes are installed to be spaced a gap W of 0.1 to 2.0 mm from each other to have a filling space formed therebetween so as to allow passage of ...

EFFECTIVE AND/OR SAFE OZONATION OF WATER IN A TANK THROUGH EVOLVED GAS CONTROL

Disclosed are a method, a device, and/or system of effective and/or safe ozonation of water in a tank through evolved gas control. In one embodiment, a system for effective ozonation of water includes an ozone generator for producing ozone partially in the form of ozone gas, and a disperser. The disperser is configured to receive ozone gas from the ozone generator rising through the water as ozone bubbles disperse the ozone bubbles within the water. The disperser increases a contact time of the ozone and/or distributes dissolution of the ozone in the water. The disperser may include one or more bubble paths guiding the ozone bubbles. The ozone generator may be an electrolytic ozone unit. An electrode may include a proton exchange membrane electrically coupling an anode and a cathode of an electrode, where hydrogen gas generated at the cathode may be vented and/or conveyed to a catalytic decomposition unit. 1. A system for effective ozonation of water , the system comprising:an ozone generator for producing an ozone at least partially in the form of ozone gas,a disperser configured to receive ozone gas from the ozone generator rising through the water as ozone bubbles and, when the disperser is at least partially submerged in the water, disperse the ozone bubbles within the water to at least one of increase a contact time of the ozone and distribute dissolution of the ozone in the water.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ozone generator is an electrolytic ozone unit further comprising:an electrode comprising an anode and a cathode producing the ozone when the anode and the cathode are electrically coupled through the water.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the disperser further comprising:a bubble path guiding the ozone bubbles to at least one of increase the contact time of the ozone and distribute the dissolution of the ozone in the water, anda collector for catching the ozone bubbles rising from the electrode and conveying at least a portion of the ozone ...

Multi-Use Sanitizing Mop and Sprayer

A versatile sanitizing and cleaning apparatus () has a reservoir (), a removable base () at the bottom of the reservoir having electrodes () that extend up into the reservoir () for electrolyzing water within the reservoir, and an opening () at the top end of the reservoir. A cap () having a valve () that is biased to the normally-closed position screws to the top of the reservoir (), allowing the reservoir to be turned upside-down and inserted into a receiving portion () of a mop, thus allowing the mop () to use electrolyzed water for cleaning. Alternatively, instead of being used with the cap () and mop (), the reservoir () and base () can be mated with a hand sprayer () allowing the reservoir (), base (), and hand sprayer () to be used as a spray bottle () to spray electrolyzed water for cleaning purposes. 1. A versatile sanitizing and cleaning apparatus comprising:a reservoir having a first opening at a first portion thereof and a second opening at a second portion thereof; a base housing;', 'an electrical input port for receiving input electrical power; and', 'first and second electrodes defining a cathode and an anode extending from the base into the reservoir when the reservoir first opening is mated to the base; and', 'wherein input electrical power applied at the electrical input port powers an electrical potential between the first and second electrodes for electrolyzing water within the reservoir;, 'a base that mates with the first opening of the reservoir to form a watertight seal with the reservoir, the base comprising;'}a spray pump adapted for mating with the second opening of the reservoir such that the reservoir, the base, and the spray pump can be used together as a pump to spray liquid from the reservoir onto a surface to be cleaned;a cap adapted for mating with the second opening of the reservoir, the cap having a biased valve such that when the cap is mated to the second opening of the reservoir the reservoir can be turned second opening down ...

WATER TREATMENT METHOD AND MINERAL THEREFOR

A water treatment method for improving the water quality of a body of water is disclosed. A water treatment mineral is also disclosed. The water treatment mineral includes a third period electrolyte component comprising magnesium chloride and sodium chloride. The magnesium chloride is more than about 15% by weight of the third period electrolyte. The water treatment mineral may be used with existing water treatment equipment by adjusting the concentration to a level suited to the effective production of hypochlorite anions at a concentration sufficient to sanitize the water. 1. A water treatment method including the steps of:providing a water treatment mineral including a third period electrolyte component comprising magnesium chloride and sodium chloride, the magnesium chloride being more than about 15% by weight of the third period electrolyte component;adding the water treatment mineral to a body of water at a concentration of about 1200 ppm to about 9600 ppm to provide a body of mineralized water; andpassing a quantity of the body of mineralized water through an electrolytic cell;applying an electrical potential to the electrolytic cell sufficient to produce a predetermined concentration of hypochlorite anions in the mineralized water passing through the electrolytic cell to produce chlorinated water; andreturning the chlorinated water to the body of mineralized water.2. A water treatment method as claimed in wherein the water treatment mineral is added to the body of water at a concentration of about 3600 ppm to about 6000 ppm.3. A water treatment method as claimed in wherein the water treatment mineral is added to the body of water at a concentration of about 3600 ppm to about 4800 ppm.4. A water treatment method as claimed in wherein the water treatment mineral is added to the body of water at a concentration of about 4200 ppm.5. A water treatment method as claimed in wherein the magnesium chloride is about 16.8% and the sodium chloride is about 83.2% by ...

System for recovering multiple kinds of ions

The present disclosure relates to a system for recovering multiple kinds of ions, which includes: an ion adsorption tank that includes a plurality of adsorption channels arranged in parallel and including a first electrode unit electrically adsorbing only negative ions and a second electrode unit having an adsorbent layer for adsorbing positive ions to be recovered from positive ions, in which electricity is independently supplied to the adsorption channels; a water tank that keeps liquid discharged from the ion adsorption tank; a pump that circulates mother liquor or liquid stored in the water tank; and an ion recovering tank that keeps liquid containing positive ions to be recovered. According to the present disclosure, a series of processes make it possible to continuously recover ions to be recovered, so the operation efficiency of the system can be maximized.

Desalination

A membrane stack comprising the following components: (a) a first ion diluting compartment (D1); (b) a second ion diluting compartment (D2); (c) a first ion concentrating compartment (C1); (d) a second ion concentrating compartment (C2); and (e) a membrane wall (CEM1, mAEM, mCEM, AEM, CEM2) between each compartment and on the outside of the first and last compartment of the stack; wherein: (i) each membrane wall comprises a cation exchange membrane (CEM1, mCEM, CEM2) or an anion exchange membrane (mAEM, AEM) and the order of the cation and anion exchange membranes alternates from each wall to the next; (ii) the membrane walls (mAEM, mCEM) on each side of compartment (a) both have a higher monovalent ion selectivity than the corresponding membrane walls (AEM, CEM2) on each side of compartment (b); and (iii) the stack further comprises a means for communicating fluid between compartments (a) and (b).

Device For Regenerating Activated Carbon

The invention concerns a device for regenerating activated carbon in the form of porous fibres by electro-Fenton reaction, a method for regenerating activated carbon loaded with organic pollutants using the device of the invention, and the use of a filter consisting of porous fibres of activated carbon, which filter has previously been loaded with organic pollutants by filtration of polluted water or polluted air, as the cathode of an electro-Fenton reaction for regenerating the activated carbon porous fibres loaded with organic pollutants. 2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive surface of the cathode comprises at least 90% of the porous activated carbon fibers.3. The device as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the electroactive surface of the cathode comprises only porous activated carbon fibers.4. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the porous activated carbon fibers are in the form of fabric.5. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the porous activated carbon fibers are in the form of felt.6. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon in the form of porous fibers having served as a filter for organic pollutants is saturated with organic pollutants.7. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the initial supply of Fe ions has a catalytic concentration in the electrolyte solution greater than 10M and less than 10M.8. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the organic pollutants adsorbed on the porous fibers of the cathode comprise phenol compounds.9. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the pH is adjusted between 2 and 5 claim 1 , preferably between 2.6 and 3.6.10. The device as claimed in any one of to wherein the diameter of the porous fibers is greater than 0.1 micrometers and less than 1 000 micrometers.11. The device as claimed in any one of to claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area (S) of the porous fibers ...

METHOD OF MEMBRANE-COUPLED ELECTROCHEMICAL ADVANCED OXIDATION AND ITS APPLICATION DEVICE FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM USING OF THE SAME

The present invention relates to an electrochemical advanced oxidation process combined with a membrane in which electrode reactions and membrane filtration occur simultaneously, a water treatment device based on the electrochemical advanced oxidation process, and a water treatment system using the water treatment device. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process includes: providing a membrane electro-oxidation tank where electrodes are combined with a membrane; accommodating wastewater containing pollutants in the membrane electro-oxidation tank; and supplying power to the electrodes to decompose the pollutants and simultaneously separating particles through the membrane (water treatment). The electrodes are arranged downstream of the membrane. Gases released from the electrodes induce a vertical flow of the fluid to improve the contact efficiency between a reactive solution and the electrodes and remove the pollutants attached to the surface of the membrane. According to the present invention, a mechanism of decomposing pollutants using the electrodes and a mechanism of separating particles through the membrane take place simultaneously, enabling effective removal of the pollutants. The electrodes are arranged downstream of the membrane. With this arrangement, gases are produced from the electrodes to improve the electrolysis reactivity and the filtration efficiency of the membrane. 1. An electrochemical advanced oxidation process combined with a membrane , comprising: providing a membrane electro-oxidation tank where electrodes are combined with a membrane; accommodating wastewater containing pollutants in the membrane electro-oxidation tank; and supplying power to the electrodes to decompose the pollutants and simultaneously separating particles through the membrane (water treatment) , wherein the electrodes are arranged downstream of the membrane and gases released from the electrodes induce a vertical flow of the fluid to improve the contact efficiency ...

STORAGE AND DELIVERY FOR A WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A system to increase the water recovery ratio and efficiently save water in a water treatment and delivery system, particularly for a water treatment system that may be used for water softening, and more particularly for a water treatment system that employs capacitive deionization technology. Stored product water is delivered without the implementation of an additional pump, and the stored product water is used to recover water in a storage tank without having to send water to drain. 1. A fluid treatment system having an increased fluid recovery ratio , comprising:a fluid drive source;a fluid treatment device receiving fluid from said drive source and producing treated or filtered product fluid;a first valve between said fluid drive source and said fluid treatment device, and a first conduit network, directing fluid flow from said drive source to said fluid treatment device;a pressurized storage tank downstream of said fluid treatment device, said storage tank having an internal volume, and including:a first fluid port in fluid communication with said fluid treatment device;an expandable bag or bladder within said internal volume and connected to said first fluid port, said bladder in fluid communication with said fluid treatment device and separating said product fluid from fluid within said internal volume but external said bladder;a second conduit network directing fluid flow from said fluid treatment device to a said pressurized storage tank and a delivery port;a second fluid port in fluid communication with said fluid within said internal volume but external said bladder; anda second valve between said second fluid port of said storage tank and said delivery port, and a third conduit network, connecting said second fluid port of said storage tank to said delivery port,a fourth conduit network connecting said second valve and said second fluid port to said fluid treatment device,said second conduit network configured to allow said product fluid to flow from ...

Water treatment system

A method and an apparatus for water treatment are disclosed. The method includes steps of associating an iron anode and a cathode with a stream of water, forming an alkaline environment around the iron anode by injecting an alkaline electrolyte solution into the stream of water upstream of the anode. The method also includes generating a solution plasma in the stream of water by applying a potential difference between the iron anode and the cathode.

Ballast water treatment system

Disclosed is a ballast water treatment system including: a ballast water supply unit for supplying seawater employed as ballast water to a ballast water tank; an electrolysis device receiving a part of the seawater being supplied to the ballast water tank, and generating sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen gas as by-product gas by electrolyzing the part of the seawater being supplied to the ballast water tank via the ballast water supply unit; and a hydrogen gas removing device receiving a gas-liquid mixture of electrolyzed water and the hydrogen gas that are generated in the electrolysis device, removing the hydrogen gas by a catalyst reaction, and supplying remaining electrolyzed water to the ballast water tank via the ballast water supply unit.

SACRIFICIAL ELECTRODE ATTACHMENT STRUCTURE AND ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A sacrificial electrode attachment structure includes: a first pipe in which electrolyte flows; a second pipe which is formed of an insulating material and allows the electrolyte to flow; a cylindrical sacrificial electrode unit arranged between the first pipe and the second pipe so as to allow the electrolyte to flow, and including a sacrificial electrode that contacts the electrolyte; a first pipe joint adapted to liquid-tightly connect the first pipe to the sacrificial electrode unit in a detachable manner; and a second pipe joint adapted to liquid-tightly connect the second pipe to the sacrificial electrode unit in a detachable manner. 1. A sacrificial electrode attachment structure contacting electrolyte , comprising:a first pipe in which electrolyte flows;a second pipe which is formed of an insulating material and allows the electrolyte to flow;a cylindrical sacrificial electrode unit arranged between the first pipe and the second pipe so as to allow the electrolyte to flow, and including a sacrificial electrode that contacts the electrolyte;a first pipe joint configured to liquid-tightly connect the first pipe to the sacrificial electrode unit in a detachable manner; anda second pipe joint configured to liquid-tightly connect the second pipe to the sacrificial electrode unit in a detachable manner.2. The sacrificial electrode attachment structure according to claim 1 , wherein the second pipe is formed of a material through which the sacrificial electrode can be visually checked from outside.3. The sacrificial electrode attachment structure according to claim 1 , wherein the entire sacrificial electrode unit is the sacrificial electrode.4. The sacrificial electrode attachment structure according to claim 1 , wherein the first pipe is formed of a conductive material claim 1 , and the sacrificial electrode unit is separated from the first pipe.5. The sacrificial electrode attachment structure according to claim 4 , further comprising a spacer surrounded by the ...

Activated solutions for water treatment

The present invention relates to activated solutions comprising one or more of hypochlorous acid, bicarbonate ions, and phosphate ions for use in water treatment, in particular water purification and descaling, and processes for making the same.

Electrocoagulation System and Method Using Plasma Discharge

An apparatus, system and method for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The apparatus includes a reactor with a hollow interior accommodating a volume of wastewater for treatment, and electrodes contacting or at least partially submerged in the wastewater. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes, such as three-phase AC power, of sufficient levels to generate plasma discharge from the electrodes and within the wastewater. Electrocoagulation occurs concurrent with the plasma discharge. A system including at least one reactor is a flow-through system, and may have a recirculation loop for recirculating wastewater for additional passes of treatment. A pump(s) and series of valves control the movement of wastewater through the system, and a control panel may be included to direct the operation of various components of the system. The control panel may also include a user interface for information display, input by an operator, and automation. 1. An apparatus for treating fluid , comprising:a reactor having an interior space to receive and retain said fluid; anda plurality of plasma producing electrodes extending into said interior space of said reactor, at least a portion of said plurality of electrodes contacting said fluid and generating plasma discharge in said fluid when energy is applied thereto, and at least a portion of said plurality of electrodes contacting said fluid and electrochemically reacting with said fluid when energy is applied thereto for electrocoagulation of said fluid.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of each of said plurality of plasma producing electrodes has an elongate portion disposed parallel to said elongate portion of other ones of said plurality of electrodes.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of plasma producing electrodes includes a number of electrodes in multiples of three.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein ...

Method and apparatus for generating electrolyzed water

The present disclosure relates generally to an electrolyzed water generator, kit and method of use. More particularly, the present disclosure relates an electrolyzed water generator with a producing bottle and a solution bottle. Specifically, the present disclosure a method and apparatus of generating electrolyzed water using an apparatus that is able to accurately dose water in a residential or business setting without further devices.

WATER TREATMENT DEVICE

The water treatment device according to the present disclosure includes: an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane; a tank; a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes; a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates; a circulation device configured to circulate water in the water circulation flow path; a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; and a control device. In performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from raw water and soft water is produced, the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate water in the water circulation flow path. 1. A water treatment device comprising:an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane;a tank;a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes;a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates;a circulation device configured to circulate the water in the water circulation flow path;a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; anda control device,wherein in performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from the raw water and soft water is produced,the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate the water in the water circulation flow path.2. The water treatment device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a flow path switching device disposed in a middle portion of the water circulation flow path; anda soft water discharge path which is connected to the flow path switching device and through which the soft water is ...

Apparatus and process for separation and selective recomposition of ions

A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.

Apparatus and process for separation and selective recomposition of ions

A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.

Electrochemical desalination system with coupled electricity storage

A desalination and energy storage system comprises at least one water reservoir, at least one negative-ion redox electrode, at least one positive-ion redox electrode, a cation-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one negative-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir, and an anion-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one positive-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir. The at least one water reservoir comprises an input and an output, wherein water in the at least one water reservoir is reduced below a threshold concentration during a desalination operation mode. The at least one negative-ion electrode comprises a first solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one negative ion in the water, and the at least one positive-ion electrode comprises a second solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one positive ion in the water.

Electrochemical decontamination cells

Contaminants are filtered from a fluid flow stream and the filter is regenerated by a process including steps of: providing a filter material comprising both carbon and potassium iodide; passing a contaminated fluid stream in contact with the filter material; adsorbing contaminants from the fluid stream onto surfaces in the filter material; passing an electric current through the filter material with adsorbed contaminant thereon; disassociating contaminant from the surfaces of the filter material; and removing disassociated contaminant from the filter material by carrying away the disassociated contaminant in a fluid flow mass.

Method to prepare a coated current collector electrode for a flow through capacitor using two solvents with different boiling temperature

A method to prepare a coated current collector electrode of a flow through capacitor. The method includes preparing a coating paste includes: 10-50 weight % of carbon having a specific surface area of at least 500 m 2 /g; 0.3-5 weight % of a binder; 10-50 weight % based on the total paste of a first solvent having a first boiling point; and 10-50 weight % based on the total paste of a second solvent having a second boiling point. The method further includes applying the coating paste on a current collector; and allowing the second solvent in the coating paste applied on the current collector to evaporate at a temperature lower than the first boiling point.

Combined Electrochemical Impinging Stream Reaction Apparatus

Disclosure is combined electrochemical impinging stream reaction apparatus with addition of ultrasonic of the invention and is used for illustrating the structure and the mutual position relationship of components of the apparatus. The combined electrochemical impinging stream reaction apparatus with addition of ultrasonic comprises a container frame to hold all the components, an electrocoagulation unit which is attached to the hopper type casing. The hopper type casing contains a conical filter arrangement. The combined electrochemical impinging stream reaction apparatus is configured for the removal of contaminants from water and wastewater. 1. An apparatus , comprising:an electrocoagulation unit; wherein the electrocoagulation unit comprises an inlet pipe positioned on a bottom half of the electrocoagulation unit, a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate alternatively arranged inside the electrocoagulation unit, and an impinging nozzle attached to a top half of the electrocoagulation unit and in communication with an inside of the electrocoagulation unit;a conical filter arrangement close to the impinging nozzle; anda hopper casing beneath the conical filter arrangement;wherein the inlet pipe is configured for introducing an untreated wastewater into the electrocoagulation unit, so that the untreated wastewater is treated by the first electrocoagulation electrode plate and second electrode plate;the impinging nozzle is configured for injecting a water flow of the wastewater into the circumference of the conical filter arrangement along a tangential direction, so that the water flow is rotated along the circumference of the circular hopper casing and gradually towards a central axis of the conical filter arrangement.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the container frame further comprises a discharge tray on a top thereof; the discharge tray is supported by a discharge tray support that is secured on the top of the container frame.3. The apparatus ...

ELECTROLYTIC UNIT

An electrolytic unit includes at least a plurality of electrolytic cells for electrolyzing water. Each of the electrolytic cells includes a case for defining an electrolytic chamber therein and a diaphragm for dividing the electrolytic chamber into an anode chamber on an anode side and a cathode chamber on a cathode side. The plurality of the electrolytic cells forms a stack in which the electrolytic cells are stacked in a normal direction of the diaphragms with the orientations of the diaphragms aligned with each other. 1. An electrolytic unit comprising a plurality of electrolytic cells for electrolyzing water , whereineach of the electrolytic cells includes a case for defining an electrolytic chamber therein and a diaphragm for dividing the electrolytic chamber into an anode chamber on an anode side and a cathode chamber on a cathode side, andthe plurality of the electrolytic cells forms a stack in which the electrolytic cells are stacked in a normal direction of the diaphragms with the orientations of the diaphragms aligned with each other.2. The electrolytic unit according to claim 1 , wherein the cases of the plurality of the electrolytic cells are in contact with each other.3. The electrolytic unit according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic cells is integrally fixed together by bolts penetrating through the electrolytic cells in the normal direction.4. The electrolytic unit according to claim 1 , whereinthe case includes a first case piece for defining the anode chamber and a second case piece for defining the cathode chamber, andin each pair of the electrolytic cells adjacent to each other in the normal direction, the first case piece of one of the electrolytic cells and the second case piece of the other one of the electrolytic cells are fixed to each other.5. The electrolytic unit according to claim 4 , whereineach of the first case pieces has formed therein a first supply port for supplying water for electrolysis to the anode chamber and a first ...

Layered electrodeionization device with discreet anion chamber

The present invention relates generally to the deionization of liquids through the use of electrodeionization methods and apparatuses. The apparatuses are configured to produce purified liquids having an ion content at a level of parts-per-trillion or less, and to provide continuous regeneration of the ion exchange materials. The apparatuses may be configured according to the desired levels of deionization for anions, cations, or both. Specifically, the present invention relates to an electrodeionization apparatus wherein an initial input port for feed to the apparatus is placed at a location such that feed enters into an anion bed at a location in close proximity to an anion membrane.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

An oxidant production apparatus comprises an electrochemical reactant reservoir, an electrolysis compartment, a porous first electrode and a second electrode. The porous first electrode defines a boundary between the reservoir and the electrolysis compartment and is configured to allow an electrochemical reactant to pass from the reservoir, through the first electrode and into the electrolysis compartment. The second electrode disposed at least substantially in the electrolysis compartment and spaced apart from the first electrode. The apparatus is configured to produce an oxidant in an electrochemical reaction when a voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes and a current is passed through the first and second electrodes and an electrolyte disposed in the electrolysis compartment. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises a pore size of between 0.01 μm and 5000 μm and/or wherein the first electrode comprises a sintered metal having a mean flow pore (MFP) of between 0.1 μm and 100 μm.3. (canceled)4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is configured to allow a user access thereto.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis compartment comprises an outlet configured to allow the liquid to flow out of the electrolysis compartment claim 1 , optionally wherein the apparatus is configured to conduct batch or semi-batch electrochemical reactions claim 1 , and the outlet comprises a non-return valve claim 1 , a check valve or a solenoid valve.6. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reservoir defines an open top claim 1 , and the cell is configured to be positioned claim 1 , in use claim 1 , to allow a liquid to flow into the reservoir.7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises an inlet configured to allow the flow of a liquid into the apparatus claim 1 , optionally where the inlet is configured to cause the liquid to flow directly into the ...

Method for treating wastewater and device for carrying out said method

A method, for removing contaminants from wastewater includes electrolytic treatment of wastewater with the use of an anode containing materials which withstand electrolysis as well as so-called sacrificial materials which are dissolved during electrolysis, both of which are simultaneously exposed to the wastewater. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a dimensionally stable anode cage made from platinum, titanium, niobium, palladium, ruthenium, Iridium oxide, tantalum oxide or platinized titanium, as the part of the anode that withstands electrolysis, which anode cage is provided with aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium or mixtures of these metals as sacrificial material.

Electrochemically activated persulfate for advanced oxidation processes

Water treatment systems are disclosed. The system includes an electrochemical cell having an inlet and an outlet, a cathode comprising a catalytic material for electrochemical generation of persulfate free radicals, and an anode, a source of a persulfate positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, first contaminant concentration sensor positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, and a controller operatively coupled to receive one or more input signals from at least the first contaminant concentration sensor. Methods of treating water using the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of facilitating water treatment by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting a water treatment system having an AOP by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed.

Salt Dissolver

The present invention provides an oxidant production apparatus, an example embodiment of which comprises a water container configured to accept and retain a volume of water; a porous salt container configured to accept and retain a quantity of salt, mounted with the water container such that salt in the salt container is in fluid communication with water in the water container; an electrolysis system mounted with the water container; and a gas directing element mounted with the salt container and the water container such that gas generated by the electrolysis system is preferentially directed through the salt container. In operation, gas from electrolysis percolates through the water and the salt, agitating the salt and encouraging the salt to fully dissolve.

Hydrogen Generation Device

A hydrogen generation device and method are provided. The device includes componentry for separating an input flow of water such as tap water into separate hydrogen enriched and oxygen enriched flows. These flows are then recombined to produce a hydrogen enriched flow with a substantially neutral pH. 1. A device for modifying neutral pH tap water into hydrogen enriched water with substantially neutral pH , comprising:an inlet;an electrolytic cell, in flowable communication with the inlet, with a chamber containing one or more each of both an anode and a cathode with a membrane between each, for the purpose of splitting the neutral pH water into separate hydrogen enriched water with a higher pH and oxygen enriched water with a lower pH;a flow combiner connected to the chamber and configured to bring together the flow of hydrogen enriched water with the oxygen enriched water to form a combined hydrogen enriched water mixture with a substantially neutral pH; andan outlet connected to the flow combiner through which the hydrogen enriched water mixture is dispensed for consumption.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured as a countertop device and is not connected to a pressurized water source such as a faucet.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the water flow along a flow path through the device is gravity driven.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the water flow through the device along a flow path is driven by a pump.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein a replaceable water filter module is insertable into the flow path between the inlet and the electrolytic cell.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the replaceable water filter module is situated upstream from the pump relative to a flow path through the device.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the inlet claim 1 , electrolytic cell claim 1 , and flow combiner are housed within a housing claim 1 , and wherein the outlet extends out of said housing.8. The device of claim 7 , wherein a space is adjacent the ...

High Efficiency Electrochemical Desalination System That Incorporates Participating Electrodes

The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method to desalinate aqueous solution. The apparatus disclosed herein comprises at least two electrodes and at least one ion selective membrane in continuous contact with the aqueous solution that is contained in the internal space created by connecting a top manifold and a bottom manifold of the apparatus. The ion selective membrane(s) are arranged in such a manner as to enable reversing the flow of the charged particles by direct or indirect means. The electrodes in this apparatus may be made of material that reversibly reacts with chlorides in water.

Liquid treatment device

A liquid treatment device that achieves an effective treatment by forcibly contacting a swirl flow of a hydrogen peroxide-containing treated liquid with a liquid to be treated that has been processed to contain copper ions or iron ions includes a rod-like first electrode, a plate-like second electrode formed of a copper- or iron-containing metal, and a first treatment vessel that causes a liquid to swirl and generate a gas phase in a swirl flow of the liquid. A pulse voltage is applied to the generated gas phase to generate a plasma. The second electrode serves as an anode, and reaches inside of a supply section for a liquid to be treated. The liquid to be treated containing the generated copper ions or iron ions is forcibly brought into contact with hydrogen peroxide generated by the plasma. In this way, the Fenton's reaction effectively takes place, and the liquid treatment performance improves.

Method for Electrocoagulation Using Plasma Discharge

Methods for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The methods include contacting fluid within a reactor with at least one plasma producing electrode; applying electrical energy to the plasma producing electrode sufficient to generate plasma discharge in the fluid; generating plasma discharge in the fluid simultaneously with electrocoagulation of the fluid by electrochemically reacting the plasma producing electrode with the fluid; and initiating flocculent formation in the fluid from at least one of the plasma discharge and electrocoagulation in the fluid. The invention is also directed to clarified fluid produced by such methods. 1. A method of treating fluid with plasma , comprising:contacting fluid within a reactor with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode;applying electrical energy to said at least one plasma producing electrode sufficient to generate plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor;generating plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor simultaneously with electrocoagulating said fluid within said reactor by electrochemically reacting at least a portion of said plasma producing electrode with said fluid within said reactor upon electrical stimulation; andinitiating flocculent formation in said fluid resulting from at least one of said plasma discharge in said fluid within said reactor and said electrochemical reaction of said at least one electrode with said fluid within said reactor.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein contacting fluid with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode includes contacting fluid with a terminal end of at least one plasma producing electrode.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein contacting fluid with at least a portion of at least one plasma producing electrode includes at least partially submerging the portion of at least one plasma producing electrode in said fluid.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , ...

SCRUBBING DEVICE FOR CLEANING, SANITIZING OR DISINFECTING

A cleaning, sanitizing or disinfecting scrubbing device includes a body, a non-thermal plasma generator and damp wipe. Generated plasma activates fluid in the wipe. The device may include spacer posts between the body and wipe and a conductive mesh between the body and wipe or embedded in the wipe. Another embodiment includes a reservoir for holding a water- based fluid, a fluid delivery element connected to the reservoir by a tube through which the fluid can flow and a non-thermal plasma geneator. The non-thermal plasma generator activates the fluid. In one embodiment the scrubbing device is a mitt. In another embodiment the scrubbing device is a glove. 1. A device to clean , sanitize , or disinfect comprising:a body;a first scrubbing surface;a non-thermal plasma generator for generating non-thermal plasma; anda fluid;wherein the non-thermal plasma generator activates the fluid and the plasma activated fluid is applied to the surface to be cleaned; andwherein the first scrubbing surface is used to scrub a surface to be cleaned.2. The device of wherein the first scrubbing surface is a wipe.3. The device of wherein the wipe is pre-moistened with the fluid prior to the fluid being activated by non-thermal plasma.4. The device of wherein the wipe is moistened with the fluid after the fluid is activated by non-thermal plasma.5. The device of wherein the first surface is pre-moistened with the fluid prior to the fluid being activated by non-thermal plasma.6. The device of wherein the first surface is moistened with the fluid after the fluid is activated by non-thermal plasma.7. The device of wherein the body is wearable by a user.8. The device of wherein the body is a mitt.9. The device of wherein the body is a glove.10. The device of wherein the body is one of a shoe claim 7 , a sock or a boot.11. The device of wherein the body is a mop.12. The device of wherein the body is cleaning device having a rotatable head.13. The device of further comprising an array of spacer ...

Apparatus and process for separation and selective recomposition of ions

A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.

Method and Apparatus for Electrochemical Bromide Removal

The present invention provides apparatuses, systems and methods for the controllable oxidation of bromide into bromine either directly through electrochemical (EC) anodes or indirectly through electrochemically generated oxidants. 1. An electrogeneration system for the oxidation of bromide to bromine in an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising:a treatment chamber comprising at least one electrochemical cell to contain an aqueous electrolyte solution and an inlet and an outlet, wherein the aqueous electrolyte solution comprises bromide ions, chloride ions or a mixture of bromide and chloride ions;at least one anode in the treatment chamber; andat least one cathode in the treatment chamber;a power supply in communication with the at least one anode and the at least one cathode to generate an electric current sufficient to generate bromine, chlorine, chloride ions, or a combination thereof and reduce bromate formation in the aqueous electrolyte solution;an electrolyte reservoir for holding the aqueous electrolyte solution connected to the inlet;an aqueous electrolyte solution flow controller to control a selected volume of the electrolyte solution between the electrolyte reservoir and the electrochemical cell; anda pH adjusting mechanism comprising an acid reservoir for holding an acid connected to the treatment chamber, a pH monitor in communication with the treatment chamber; and a control unit in communication with the pH monitor and the acid reservoir to adjust the pH by adding the acid from the acid reservoir to the aqueous electrolyte solution.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a bromine detection device in communication with the aqueous electrolyte solution to monitor the formation of bromine.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a separation device to separate the bromine molecules from the aqueous electrolyte solution.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one anode and the at least one cathode are independently an array ...

ASYMMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL APPARATUS, AND OPERATING METHODS THEREOF

Asymmetric electrochemical cell apparatus, and methods of operating such apparatus to produce electrolyzed water. 137-. (anceled)38. An asymmetric electrochemical cell comprising:(a) at least a first electrode layer;(b) at least a second electrode layer;(c) a processor adapted to apply between said first and said second electrodes an electric current suitable to produce hypohalous acid from a solution containing alkali metal cations and halogen anions; and(e) a power supply.39. The asymmetric electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 38 , wherein the first electrode layer comprises activated carbon.40. The asymmetric electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 38 , wherein the second electrode layer comprises a construct selected from a graphite sheet claim 38 , a carbon cloth claim 38 , a carbon paper and a titanium cloth.41. An electrochemical towel for producing electrolyzed solutions using an asymmetric electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 38 , comprising:(a) at least a first electrode layer;(b) at least a second electrode layer;(c) an electrically insulating layer disposed in between said first electrode layer and said second electrode layer; at least one of said first electrode layer, said electrically insulating layer, and said second electrode layer being adapted to absorb a liquid;(d) a processor; and(e) a power supply.42. The electrochemical towel as claimed in claim 41 , wherein the processor and the power supply are adapted to apply an electrical current between a first and second electrode layers.43. The electrochemical towel as claimed in claim 41 , wherein the first electrode layer comprises activated carbon.44. The electrochemical towel as claimed in claim 41 , wherein the second electrode layer comprises a construct selected from a graphite sheet claim 41 , a carbon cloth claim 41 , a carbon paper and a titanium cloth.45. The electrochemical towel as claimed in claim 41 , which is covered by a cloth suitable to avoid or to reduce mechanical abrasion ...

ELECTROLYTIC ZINC DOSING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING SCALE

An electrolytic zinc dosing device that regulates the amount of zinc delivered or dosed into a flowing stream of water as a function, in part, of the current applied to an electrolytic cell and the flow rate of the flowing water. A replaceable electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode connected to a power supply, and at least one bipolar electrode in aqueous solution between the anode and cathode. Flow rate information and/or total current information are used to determine the dosing quantity of zinc delivered. 1. A cartridge for controlling the precipitation of precipitates from an aqueous solution in aqueous system , comprising:a housing;an electrolytic cell formed within said housing, said electrolytic cell including an anode and a cathode electrode, wherein said anode and cathode electrode each include zinc or zinc compounds exposed to said aqueous solution, such that when power is applied to said electrodes, zinc is dosed into said aqueous solution at a regulated and quantifiable level.2. The cartridge of wherein said anode and cathode are connected to a power source.3. The cartridge of wherein said power source is a DC power source capable of varying the current to said anode and cathode.4. The cartridge of wherein said anode and cathode are operable in a forward or reverse polarity claim 1 , and said polarity is reversible in situ without degradation in performance of said dosing.5. The cartridge of wherein said electrolytic cell is formed from at least one pair of parallel plate electrodes.6. The cartridge of wherein said electrolytic cell is formed from at least one set of concentric cylinders.7. An electrolytic zinc dosing device comprising:a cartridge having an electrolytic cell, said electrolytic cell including an anode and a cathode electrode, both of which are made of zinc or a zinc compound;a power source connecting power to said anode and cathode; anda controller for regulating current from said power source.8. The electrolytic zinc dosing ...

Low Capacity Sodium Hypochlorite Generation System

A Low Capacity Sodium Hypochlorite Generation (LCHG) system uses batching rather than the conventional continuous flow method in the production of sodium hypochlorite. Batching eliminates the need for metering pumps for brine and dilution water, as well as their associated controls and maintenance/servicing demands. Batching also precisely controls the ratio of brine to dilution water in the electrolyzer to produce a consistent strength sodium hypochlorite solution. Consequently, the LCHG system has fewer components, greater reliability and simpler maintenance than the continuous-flow on-site electrolytic chlorination systems.

Method for Sludge-Reduced Electrocatalytic Reduction-Oxidation Pretreatment of Nitrotoluene Production Wastewater

Embodiments herein relate to methods for sludge reduction for pretreatment of nitrotoluene wastewater using electro-catalytic redox. The embodiments may include (a) adjusting a pH of the nitrotoluene wastewater to 1.5 to 2.0, standing for precipitation, draining sludge of the nitrotoluene wastewater at the bottom, obtaining supernatant of nitrotoluene wastewater, placing the supernatant through a cathode inlet into a cathode chamber of an electrochemical reactor; (b) performing electrochemical treatment, wherein reduction reaction of the supernatant of the nitrotoluene wastewater takes place at the cathode chamber, the nitrotoluene wastewater is placed into the anode chamber for oxidation reaction through the cathode outlet, the catholyte tank, and the anode inlet in sequence; (c) adjusting the nitrotoluene wastewater treated in step (b) via the anolyte tank, and then discharging the nitrotoluene wastewater into a biochemical system. The embodiments reduce toxicity of mixed acid nitration wastewater and therefore improve its biodegradability.

DEVICE FOR THE RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS OF THE ELECTROLYSIS OF AN ALKALI METAL CHLORIDE SOLUTION

Device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution where a cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via a heat exchanger, a cathode compartment and a capacitive separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte. In the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture. 1. A device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution containing an electrochemical reactor , said reactor being represented by one or more modular electrochemical elements (cells) , which are hydraulically connected in parallel , the anode and cathode compartment of the reactor is separated by a tubular , porous , ceramic separation wall , which is disposed coaxially between the electrodes of the electrochemical elements (cells) , the entrance to the anode compartment is connected with the device for feeding the saline solution under pressure , the exit is connected with the device for stabilizing the specified overpressure in the anode compartment , which is connected to the mixing device for gaseous products of the anodic electrochemical reaction with freshwater flow , the cathode compartment of the electrochemical reactor is a component of the catholyte circuit , which also contains a capacitive (volume) separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte , a facility for draining the excess catholyte from the receiving container of the separator , and a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating catholyte , the device containing a dosage apparatus for adding the catholyte to the oxidant solution for the purpose of ...

ELECTROLYZED WATER COMPOSITION

The present invention provides a method for producing electrolyzed water composition for use in cleaning and disinfecting of an object. The method comprises preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from: alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts and/or alkali earth metal chloride salts. The method further comprises introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes. The method further comprises operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species with antimicrobial activity.

Apparatus and method for cleaning chlorobenzenes-contaminated soil and groundwater

Apparatus and method for cleaning chlorobenzenes-contaminated soil and groundwater are provided related to environment protection. The apparatus includes a direct current power supply, permeable reactive barrier (PRB) reaction walls and electrodes, wherein the electrodes are arranged in a polluted area according the concentric circles, and are installed into electrode chambers; the PRB reaction walls are installed at ½ between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and at ¼ from the anode electrode. Chlorobenzenes in the soil and groundwater can be gathered in the PRB reaction walls through the arrangement of the electrode area; and then the chlorobenzenes can be further removed by oxidation-reduction reactions in the PRB reaction walls.

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYZED WATER

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described. 1. A cleaning apparatus comprising: an anode compartment comprising an anode;', 'a cathode compartment comprising a cathode; and', 'an electrolyte solution that is disposed in the anode compartment, the electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte that includes at least one of: (i) sodium carbonate, (ii) sodium bicarbonate, (iii) sodium percarbonate, (iv) sodium acetate, (v) potassium carbonate, and (vi) potassium bicarbonate,', 'wherein the cell is configured to produce an electrolyzed alkaline water., 'an electrolytic cell comprising2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a recirculation conduit that is configured to recirculate the electrolyte solution through the anode compartment.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cathode compartment comprises a water inlet that feeds water into the cathode compartment claim 1 , and wherein the electrolytic cell comprises a feeding mechanism that is configured to automatically add additional amounts of the electrolyte to the ...

METHODS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYZED WATER

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a senor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described. 1. A method for cleaning , the method comprising:adding an electrolyte to water to create an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte comprising at least one of: (i) sodium carbonate, (ii) sodium bicarbonate, (iii) sodium percarbonate, (iv) sodium acetate, (v) potassium carbonate, and (vi) potassium bicarbonate;electrolyzing the electrolyte solution to create an electrolyzed oxidizing water and an electrolyzed alkaline water;applying at least one of the: (a) electrolyzed oxidizing water and (b) electrolyzed alkaline water to a material that is to be cleaned; andremoving a portion of the at least one of the: (a) electrolyzed oxidizing water and (b) electrolyzed alkaline water from the material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is substantially free from sodium chloride.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one of: (i) sodium carbonate and (ii) sodium bicarbonate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises sodium carbonate.5. ...

Systems and apparatus for producing electrolyzed alkaline and oxidizing water

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

Systems and methods for conditioning electrolyzed water

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described. 1. An electrolytic cell comprising:an anode compartment comprising an anode;a cathode compartment comprising a cathode;an inlet;an outlet;a sensor that is configured to measure a characteristic of a fluid of the electrolytic cell; anda processor that is configured to automatically modify an operation of the electrolytic cell based on the measured characteristic,wherein fluid from the anode compartment is able to mix with fluid from the cathode compartment within the cell.2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , further comprising a feed mechanism that is configured to automatically add an additional amount of an electrolyte to the electrolytic cell claim 1 , wherein the feed mechanism is configured to automatically add the additional amount of the electrolyte to the electrolytic cell when the sensor determines that a conductivity of the fluid has fallen below a set point.3. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to automatically modify an amperage applied ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING A MAGNETICALLY TREATED ELECTROLYZED WATER

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described. 1. An electrolytic cell comprising:an anode compartment comprising an anode;a cathode compartment comprising a cathode;a fluid inlet that is configured to channel fluid into the electrolytic cell;a fluid outlet that is configured to channel fluid out of the electrolytic cell; anda magnet that provides a magnetic field to at least one of: (i) the fluid inlet and (ii) the fluid outlet.2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnet is coupled to the fluid inlet.3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnet is disposed within the fluid inlet.4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnet is coupled to the fluid outlet.5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnet comprises a variable strength magnet.6. The cell of claim 2 , wherein the cell further comprises a recirculation loop that is configured to receive an anolyte from the anode compartment and to recirculate the anolyte back into the anode compartment.7. The cell of claim 6 , wherein the cell further comprises a feed mechanism that is ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITRIC ACID CONCENTRATION USING ELECTROLYTIC CELL

The present invention discloses an electrochemical system and process for the reduction of nitric acid concentration present in industrial waste using electrolytic cell. The present invention further relates to an electrochemical process for the reduction of nitric acid concentration using an electrolytic cell useful in reducing the volume of the high level liquid waste solution (HLLW) and avoiding corrosion of the storage tanks for high level liquid waste solution (HLLW). 1101103101103101103101101101104105105104103104102103102) An electrochemical system for electrolytic reduction of nitric acid concentration in industrial waste comprising a storage tank ST connected to a mixing tank ST through pump P , said mixing tank ST being connected to an diaphragm less electrolytic cell EC through a pump P and said electrolytic cell EC being connected to transformer rectifier TR for supplying DC current and outlet of said electrolytic cell EC being connected to intermittent storage tank ST connected to ST through pump P where nitric acid solution is collected , the said intermittent storage tank ST is further connected to the mixing tank ST through pump P and another storage tank ST is connected to said mixing tank ST through pump P for providing water during electrolysis process.2) The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein cathode used in diaphragm-less electrolytic cell is IrOcoated titanium.3) The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein anode used in diaphragm-less electrolytic cell is Pt electroplated titanium.4) The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein IrOcoated titanium cathodes and Pt electroplated titanium anodes are placed alternately inside the diaphragm-less electrolytic cell.5101) An electrochemical process for the reduction of nitric acid concentration in industrial waste in electrochemical system as claimed in comprising filling nitric acid to the storage tank ST at a rate ranging between 20 to 25 ml per hour followed by agitation and recirculation of the ...

Processes for inactivating pathogens in bio-wastes

There are provided processes for treating a residual. For example, such processes can comprise treating a mixture comprising the residual, a peracid or source thereof and an ammonium salt in a reactor, with an electric field, by means of at least one anode and at least one cathode that define therebetween an electrokinetic zone for treating the mixture. Such processes allow for inactivation of at least one type of pathogen in the residual so as to obtain a treated residual.

Method and apparatus for water treatment

The invention concerns a method and apparatus for water treatment. More particularly, the invention concerns a method and apparatus for water treatment using electro coagulation. A portable water treatment apparatus comprises a water inlet, a water retention tank, an electrode cartridge, and a water outlet. The water inlet is in fluid communication with the water retention tank. The water treatment apparatus is arranged to circulate water from the retention tank, through the electrode cartridge, and back into the retention tank.

Alkaline and chlorine solutions produced using electro-chemical activation

An electro-chemical activation (ECA) system includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and a neutralization chamber. The anode chamber includes an anode configured to convert water having an alkaline-metal chloride into an anodic electrolyte that includes hypochlorous acid. The cathode chamber includes a cathode configured to convert water into a cathodic electrolyte. The neutralization chamber includes a neutralization cathode configured to remove protons from the anodic electrolyte after it leaves the anode chamber. The ECA system is configured to recirculate the anodic electrolyte back through the anode chamber and the neutralization chamber at least one more time to produce a concentrated chlorine solution. The ECA system is further configured to recirculate the cathodic electrolyte back through the cathode chamber at least one additional time to produce a concentrated alkaline solution.

METHODS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYZED ALKALINE AND OXIDIZING WATER

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a senor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described. 1. A method for cleaning , the method comprsing: an anode compartment comprising an anode;', 'a cathode compartment comprising a cathode;', 'an anolyte that is disposed in the anode compartment, the anolyte comprising an electrolyte that includes at least one of: (i) sodium carbonate, (ii) sodium bicarbonate, (iii) sodium percarbonate, (iv) sodium acetate, (v) potassium carbonate, and (vi) potassium bicarbonate, and', 'a recirculation loop that is configured to recirculate the anolyte through the anode compartment;, 'generating electrolyzed water in an electrolytic cell that is disposed on a vehicle, wherein the cell comprisesapplying the electrolyzed water to a material that is to be cleaned; andremoving a portion of the electrolyzed water from the material that is to be cleaned.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell further comprises:a sensor that is configured to dynamically measure a characteristic of a fluid in the electrolytic cell; anda processor, andwherein the method ...

ELECTROCOAGULATION REACTORS HAVING PELLET FLOW CIRCUITS

Electrocoagulation (EC) reactors having pellet flow circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the EC reactor includes a reactor vessel having a first inlet and an outlet through which a contaminated feed stream is received and discharged, respectively. An EC reaction chamber is located within the reactor vessel, fluidly coupled between the first inlet and the outlet, and configured to be loaded with consumable EC pellets. The EC reactor further includes an EC pellet flow circuit around which the consumable EC pellets circulate as the contaminated feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber. First and second electrodes are coupled to the reactor vessel and positioned to generate an electrical field. The consumable EC pellets are exposed to (e.g., pass through or circulate within) the electrical field to induce coagulation of contaminants within the contaminated feed stream as the feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber. 1. An electrocoagulation (EC) reactor , comprising:a reactor vessel having a first inlet and an outlet through which a contaminated feed stream is received and discharged, respectively;an EC reaction chamber within the reactor vessel, fluidly coupled between the first inlet and the outlet, and configured to retain consumable EC pellets;an EC pellet flow circuit around which the consumable EC pellets circulate as the contaminated feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber; andfirst and second electrodes coupled to the reactor vessel and positioned to generate an electrical field to which the consumable EC pellets are exposed when circulating around the EC pellet flow circuit to induce coagulation of contaminants within the contaminated feed stream as the contaminated feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber.2. The EC reactor of wherein the EC pellet flow circuit extends around the first electrode.3. The EC reactor of wherein the first electrode comprises an inner annular electrode bounding an inner circumference of the ...

ANAEROBIC ELECTROCHEMICAL MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR AND PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor (AnEMBR) can include a vessel into which wastewater can be introduced, an anode electrode in the vessel suitable for supporting electrochemically active microorganisms (EAB, also can be referred to as anode reducing bacteria, exoelectrogens, or electricigens) that oxidize organic compounds in the wastewater, and a cathode membrane electrode in the vessel, which is configured to pass a treated liquid through the membrane while retaining the electrochemically active microorganisms and the hydrogenotrophic methanogens (for example, the key functional microbial communities, including EAB, methanogens and possible synergistic fermenters) in the vessel. The cathode membrane electrode can be suitable for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction to generate hydro en. 1. An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor comprising:a vessel into which wastewater is introduced;an anode electrode in the vessel suitable for supporting electrochemically active microorganisms that oxidizes organic compounds in the waste water; anda cathode membrane electrode in the vessel suitable for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction to generate hydrogen and supporting a hydrogenotrophic methanogens that anaerobically generates an energy containing gas, wherein the cathode membrane electrode includes a membrane structure configured to pass a liquid through the membrane while retaining the electrochemically active microorganisms and the hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the vessel.2. An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode include carbon-based material.3. An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor of claim 2 , wherein the carbon-based material is graphite.4. An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor of claim 1 , wherein the cathode membrane electrode includes a porous membrane.5. An anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor of claim 1 , wherein the cathode membrane electrode ...

RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Provided are electrochemical devices that are rechargeable, where an electrolyte stream whose electrolyte is electro-chemically inert is supplied to an ion concentrate compartment between a bipolar membrane and an electrode, thereby eliminating a potential for scale build-up. When strong or weak cation resins are used in a product compartment of an electrochemical device, acid water produced can be used to soak and clean an ion concentrate compartment next to an electrode, such as the cathode.

RETURN FLOW SYSTEM FOR ION CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION (ICP) DESALINATION

The present invention provides return flow ICP and ED systems and methods that can be used for water desalination and/or concentration of a wide range of target brine and other aqueous and contaminated streams. 1. A method of purifying and/or concentrating a first water stream containing ionic impurities comprising the steps of: wherein the channel is further characterized as having an inlet end and a return flow end, wherein the inlet end is the end of the channel at which the inlet is located, and the return flow end is the end of the channel downstream from the inlet end;', 'the channel further comprising a first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the inlet and at least the first outlet are located on the inlet end of the channel and are separated by a first porous membrane that traverses the length of the channel between the ion exchange membranes and terminates at a return flow zone, wherein the return flow zone is a section of the channel at the return flow end, and wherein the return flow end is at least partially closed;, 'a. directing the water stream into an inlet of a channel forming a feed stream, wherein the channel is defined, at least in part, by a first ion exchange membrane and a second ion exchange membrane, wherein the ion exchange membranes are juxtaposed and characterized by the same charge;'} wherein at least part of the feed stream enters the return flow zone and forms a first return flow stream that flows to the opposing side of the first porous membrane, the first return flow stream flows in the direction of the first outlet, and at least part of the feed stream adjacent to the first porous membrane flows through the first porous membrane joining the return flow stream;', 'wherein the purified water stream is the stream directed to the first or the second outlet, and the concentrated ion aqueous stream is the stream directed to the other of the first and the second outlet, and, 'b. applying an electric field across the channel causing ...

GAS CAPTURE APPARATUS AND METHOD

A capture device for capturing a target gas from a gas flow is disclosed that can be continuously used without requiring consumption of target gas binding salts. To this end, the device is arranged to generate separate acidic and alkaline streams of fluid by electrolyzing water, binding the target gas to the hydroxide ions in the alkaline fluid stream or the hydronium ions in the acidic stream, and recombining the generated streams to release the bound target gas and regenerating part of the electrolyzed water for further electrolysis. Such a capture device may for instance be used in a gas purification system, e.g. an air purification system for controlling target gas levels in a confined space such as a vehicle cabin, domestic dwelling or office space, a target gas generation system or a target gas enrichment system, e.g. for creating target gas-rich air for horticultural purposes. A method for capturing target gas from a gas flow and optionally utilizing the captured target gas is also disclosed. 1. An apparatus for capturing a target gas from a substrate , the apparatus comprising:a generation device for electrolyzing water to generate hydronium ions and hydroxide ions, comprising:a container for containing at least one electrolyte comprising water;a first compartment fluidically coupled to the container and including a first electrode adapted to generate a capture fluid by electrolysis of the water of the at least one electrolyte, the capture fluid being acidic and comprising hydronium ions or being basic and comprising hydroxide ions, the first compartment comprising a capture fluid outlet;a second compartment fluidically coupled to the container and including a second electrode adapted to generate a regeneration fluid by electrolysis of the water of the at least one electrolyte, the recombination fluid being acidic and comprising hydronium ions if the capture fluid is basic or being basic and comprising hydroxide ions if the capture fluid is acidic, the ...

FLOW DISTRIBUTOR HOLE PATTERN

A flow distributor may comprise an inner surface, an outer surface, and a plurality of holes circumferentially disposed in the flow distributor and extending from the inner surface to the outer surface. Each of the holes may comprise an inlet defined at the inner surface and an outlet defined at the outer surface, wherein each inlet is axially offset from a circumferentially adjacent inlet. 1. A flow distributor comprising:an inner surface;an outer surface;a first plurality of holes extending from the inner surface to the outer surface; anda second plurality of holes extending from the inner surface to the outer surface,wherein the first plurality of holes are oriented at a first angle with respect to a centerline axis of the flow distributor, andthe second plurality of holes are oriented at a second angle with respect to the centerline axis.2. The flow distributor of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface comprises a radially inner surface.3. The flow distributor of claim 2 , wherein the outer surface comprises a radially outer surface.4. The flow distributor of claim 3 , wherein the inner surface at least partially defines an inlet claim 3 , whereby a fluid flow is routed to the first plurality of holes and the second plurality of holes.5. The flow distributor of claim 4 , wherein:the first plurality of holes extend from a first axial plane at the outer surface to a second axial plane at the inner surface,the second plurality of holes extend from the first axial plane at the outer surface to a third axial plane at the inner surface, andthe second axial plane and the third axial plane are axially spaced.6. The flow distributor of claim 5 , wherein the flow distributor comprises:a head portion, wherein the first plurality of holes and the second plurality of holes are disposed; anda tube portion extending from the head portion along the centerline axis and defining the inner surface.7. The flow distributor of claim 6 , wherein the flow distributor is for an ...

Electrolytic zinc dosing device and method for reducing scale

An electrolytic zinc dosing device that regulates the amount of zinc delivered or dosed into a flowing stream of water as a function, in part, of the current applied to an electrolytic cell and the flow rate of the flowing water. A replaceable electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode connected to a power supply, and at least one bipolar electrode in aqueous solution between the anode and cathode. Flow rate information and/or total current information are used to determine the dosing quantity of zinc delivered.

ELECTROLYTIC TREATER AND METHOD FOR TREATING WATER

One embodiment of the invention provides an electrolytic treatment unit comprising a casing, a plate bundle, a cathode and an anode. The casing has a longitudinal axis. The plate bundle is positioned in the casing. The plate bundle comprises a plurality of spaced-apart parallel plates and each plate is positioned normal to the longitudinal axis. The cathode or anode are connected to selected plates of the bundle. Another embodiment of the invention provides an electrolytic treatment unit comprising a casing, a baffle separating the casing into first and second compartment, and a plate bundle positioned in each compartment. A cathode is connected to one bundle and an anode to the other bundle. A product stream is taken from each compartment. To achieve needed throughput at low head, the plates are spaced in the range of 1 cm to 10 cm apart. 1. An electrolytic treatment unit comprisinga casing having a longitudinal axis, vertically positioned, anda plate bundle positioned in the casing,wherein the plate bundle comprisesa plurality of spaced-apart parallel plates, each plate positioned normal to the longitudinal axis, anda pair of electrodes comprising a cathode and an anode at least partially supporting the plurality of parallel plates,wherein the electrodes are connected to the plates so that each plate is connected to the cathode or the anode and is uncontacted by the other electrode,wherein the plates are spaced in the range of 1 cm to 10 cm apart,wherein the plate bundle comprises in the range of 3 to 15 plates, andwherein most of the plates that are connected to the cathode are in an upper half of the bundle and have a platinum surface, andwherein most of the plates that are connected to the anode are in a lower half of the bundle and have a titanium surface.2. An electrolytic treatment unit as in further comprising a power supply to supply a low-voltage DC current to the electrodes claim 1 , and wherein an upper-most plate in the bundle is attached to the ...

ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYZED OZONATED WATER

There is provided an electrolysis device configured to use unpurified water containing a small amount of ions of alkaline earth metal such as Ca and Mg as raw water, and to have a structure of supplying the raw water to a cathode chamber in which deposition of scale of the alkaline earth metal on the surface of a cathode provided in the cathode chamber can be prevented. The electrolysis device and the apparatus for producing electrolyzed ozone water are configured by an electrolysis cell formed in a manner that a membrane-electrode assembly is configured by a solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane formed by a cation exchange membrane, and an anode and a cathode which are respectively adhered to both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane, and the membrane-electrode assembly is compressed from both surfaces thereof, and thus the solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane, the anode, and the cathode are adhered to each other. A porous conductive metallic material having flexibility and having multiple fine voids therein is used as the cathode, and scale which is mainly formed of hydroxide of alkaline earth metal is stored in fine voids in the cathode, and thus localized deposition of hydroxide of the alkaline earth metal at a contact interface between the cathode and the solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane is prevented. 1. An electrolysis device comprising:an electrolysis cell formed in a manner that a membrane-electrode assembly, which comprises an anode, a cathode, and a solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane, is compressed from both sides so as to adhere the anode, the cathode, and the solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane formed of a cation exchange membrane to each other,wherein the membrane-electrode assembly is configured to adhere the anode and the cathode to both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte separation membrane formed of the cation exchange membrane; andan inflow port that supplies raw ...

OZONE WATER MANUFACTURING DEVICE

The present invention provides a set of ozone water manufacturing device which can greatly reduce an unpleasant smell of ozone gas when ozone water is used for sterilizing hands and feet, and can save power consumption of a pump which operates for preventing stagnation of a water stream in an electrolytic bath. The ozone water manufacturing device includes an electrolytic bath and a mixer which atomizes air bubbles of the ozone gas in the ozone water flowing out of the electrolytic bath. Each of the electrode assemblies in an electrode unit within the electrolytic bath is inclined at the predetermined same angle in a vertical direction. The mixer includes a mixing case bottom and a mixing case main body. A vortex flow generating plate generates a violent water stream from the water stream within the mixing case main body. 1an electrolytic bath; anda mixer;the electrolytic bath including a bottomed cylindrical vertical electrolytic bath case, and an electrode unit;the electrode unit including electrode assemblies and an electrode support piece;the bottomed cylindrical vertical electrolytic bath case being provided at its lower side with a raw water inflow port, provided at its upper side with an ozone water outflow port, provided at its upper opening at the center of which through insertion tubes are arranged in parallel for upper ends of each of a tabular anode power feeding bar and a tabular cathode power feeding bar, and provided with a cap attached on an upper lid on which through insertion holes are formed at its center for upper ends of the tabular anode power feeding bar and the tabular cathode power feeding bar;the electrode assemblies including the tabular anode power feeding bar and the tabular cathode power feeding bar vertically arranged in parallel with each other within the electrolytic bath case, and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode which are arranged in parallel with one another at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction between the ...

Membraneless Water Electrolysis Method for Significantly Improving Electrolysis Efficiency

The present disclosure discloses a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency. The method focuses on enabling more impurities in water to be electrolyzed to produce many electrons and conductive ions, and creating good conditions to increase water electrolysis efficiency. A spacing of a gap reserved between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is designed according to a reasonable minimization principle, and the gap is less than 5 mm and more than 0 mm, thereby benefiting enhancement of electrolysis between the impurities and the water molecules in the water; and in a water electrolysis process, the water can smoothly flow in the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes, and a probability and quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water. 1. A novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency , focusing on enabling more impurities in water to be electrolyzed to produce electrons and conductive ions , and creating good conditions to increase water electrolysis efficiency while forming electrolytic current to enable more electric energy to be changed into water molecule decomposition energy , comprising:designing a spacing of a gap reserved between a positive electrode and a negative electrodes according to a reasonable minimization principle, and the gap is less than 5 mm and more than 0 mm, thereby benefiting enhancement of electrolysis between the impurities and the water molecules in the water; anddesigning an area of the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes according to a reasonable maximization principle in a certain space occupied by the electrolysis electrode assembly, so that more impurities and water molecules in the water are repeatedly electrolyzed in the electrode gap;wherein a structure ...

ELECTROCHEMICL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ON-SITE GENERATION OF OXIDANTS AT HIGH CURRENT DENSITY

An electrochemical system and method are disclosed for On Site Generation (OSG) of oxidants, such as free available chlorine, mixed oxidants and persulfate. Operation at high current density, using at least a diamond anode, provides for higher current efficiency, extended lifetime operation, and improved cost efficiency. High current density operation, in either a single pass or recycle mode, provides for rapid generation of oxidants, with high current efficiency, which potentially allows for more compact systems. Beneficially, operation in reverse polarity for a short cleaning cycle manages scaling, provides for improved efficiency and electrode lifetime and allows for use of impure feedstocks without requiring water softeners. Systems have application for generation of chlorine or other oxidants, including mixed oxidants providing high disinfection rate per unit of oxidant, e.g. for water treatment to remove microorganisms or for degradation of organics in industrial waste water. 125-. (canceled)26. A method for On-Site Generation (OSG) of an oxidant solution for chemical water treatment and disinfection comprising in an electrochemical cell , the electrochemical cell comprising an anode comprising a conductive ultrananocrystalline diamond on a substrate and a cathode provided interior to the electrochemical cell , wherein the anode and cathode define an active area of the cell , said method comprising:supplying to the electrochemical cell an aqueous feedstock electrolyte to enter and exit a single fluid path formed between the anode and cathode, the aqueous feedstock electrolyte consisting essentially of a salt solution having a concentration ranging between 0.1 Molar and 3 Molar, said salt solution being selected for electrochemical generation of an oxidant comprising one or more of hypochlorite, other free and available chlorine (FAC), hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, ozone, mixed oxidant and peroxydisulfate;{'sup': 2', '2, 'in an operational cycle, ...

ELECTROLYTIC ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR HEAVY WATER

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated. 1. An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water , the method comprising:enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell consisting of an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm that divides between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber,wherein an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water consisting of heavy water containing tritium is circularly supplied to both electrolysis chambers including the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank containing the electrolyte;an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; andcontinuing electrolysis while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to the both electrolysis ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL DECONTAMINATION CELLS

Contaminants are filtered from a fluid flow stream and the filter is regenerated by a process including steps of: providing a filter material comprising both carbon and potassium iodide; passing a contaminated fluid stream in contact with the filter material; adsorbing contaminants from the fluid stream onto surfaces in the filter material; passing an electric current through the filter material with adsorbed contaminant thereon; disassociating contaminant from the surfaces of the filter material; and removing disassociated contaminant from the filter material by carrying away the disassociated contaminant in a fluid flow mass. 1. A method of generating reductive and/or oxidative chemical species in an aqueous fluid stream to disinfect and remove contamination comprising:a) providing a filter volume comprising multiple distributed layers of filter material, each layer comprising at least one porous carbon support layer and at least one silicate/glass wool layer;b) passing an electric current through at least two of the multiple distributed layers of filter material;c) passing the aqueous fluid stream containing elemental halogens and/or halide salts through at least two of the multiple distributed layers or a space between adjacent individual ones of the multiple distributed layers of filter material;d) providing halogens or halides within the multiple distributed layers of filter material;d) directing a contaminated fluid mass into contact with the multiple distributed layers of filter material in the presence of the electric current; ande) adsorbing contaminants from the fluid mass onto surfaces of individual layers of the multiple distributed layers of filter material.2. The method of wherein the distributed layers of filter material comprise individual horizontal layers claim 1 , vertical layers or concentric layers of filter claim 1 , each sheet having respective anodes and cathodes.3. The method of wherein at least some of the distributed layers of filter ...

Irrigation system

An irrigation system is provided. The irrigation system includes a reservoir for storing irrigation water, an electrolytic gas generator, a detector, and a control unit. The electrolytic gas generator is in fluid communication with the reservoir to output a first gas and a second gas generated by the electrolytic gas generator to the irrigation water. The detector is arranged in the water reservoir to detect the concentrations of dissolved first gas and dissolved second gas of the irrigation water to obtain dissolved gas concentration information. The control unit electrically connects to the detector and the electrolytic gas generator receives the dissolved gas concentration information and adjusts the voltage applied to the electrolytic gas generator according to the dissolved gas concentration information to control the type of gas generated by the electrolytic gas generator and the concentrations of dissolved first and second gas of the irrigation water.

Electro Oxidation Membrane Evaporator

Electro oxidation membrane evaporator comprises sweep air handler ; fluid tank defining a fluid container; fluid contactor/separator ; oxidation cell ; and scrubber . Electro oxidation membrane evaporator may allow higher percent water recovery from wastewater prior to delivering brine to a brine water recovery system and can allow Ofrom air such as cabin air to continuously diffuse into the wastewater as Ois consumed to generate oxidants, helping to eliminate the low oxidant environment at the end of the cycle that causes pH to remain high, and low pH prevents precipitates from forming for longer so more water can be evaporated from the wastewater. 1) An electro oxidation membrane evaporator , comprising: i) a sweep air source fluid outlet; and', 'ii) a sweep air source;, 'a) a sweep air handler comprising i) a waste fluid inlet;', 'ii) an intake fluid inlet;', 'iii) a sweep gas inlet in fluid communication with the sweep air source;', 'iv) a separated fluid inlet; and', 'v) a fluid tank fluid outlet;, 'b) a fluid tank defining a fluid container, the fluid tank comprising i) a first fluid contactor/separator fluid outlet in fluid communication with the separated fluid inlet;', 'ii) a separator oxidation cell fluid inlet;', 'iii) a sweep air source inlet in fluid communication with the sweep air source fluid outlet;', 'iv) a second fluid contactor/separator fluid outlet; and', 'v) a valve in fluid communication with the sweep air source inlet and the sweep air handler;, 'c) a fluid contactor/separator, comprising i) an oxidation cell fluid inlet; and', 'ii) an oxidation cell fluid outlet in fluid communication with the oxidation cell fluid inlet and the separator oxidation cell fluid inlet;, 'd) an oxidation cell comprising i) a precipitator fluid inlet in fluid communication with the fluid tank fluid outlet; and', 'ii) a precipitator fluid outlet in fluid communication with the oxidation cell fluid inlet; and, 'e) a precipitator, comprising i) a scrubber fluid ...

Electrolytic Water Production Device and a Method of Producing Electrolytic Water

An electrolytic water production device includes an electrolytic chamber to which water to be electrolyzed is supplied, a first power feeder and a second power feeder arranged to face each other in the electrolytic chamber and having different polarity, a membrane arranged between the first power feeder and the second power feeder so as to divide the electrolytic chamber into a first pole chamber () positioned on a side of the first power feeder and a second pole chamber () positioned on a side of the second power feeder , and a control unit for switching the polarity of the first power feeder and the second power feeder between anode and cathode, wherein surfaces of the first power feeder and the second power feeder are formed of a hydrogen storage metal, and the control unit has an operation mode for switching the polarity each time electrolysis is started in the electrolytic chamber 1. An electrolytic water production device comprisingan electrolytic chamber to which water to be electrolyzed is supplied,a first power feeder and a second power feeder arranged to face each other in the electrolytic chamber and having different polarity,a membrane arranged between the first power feeder and the second power feeder so as to divide the electrolytic chamber into a first pole chamber positioned on a side of the first power feeder and a second pole chamber positioned on a side of the second power feeder, anda polarity switching unit for switching the polarity of the first power feeder and the second power feeder between anode and cathode, whereinsurfaces of the first power feeder and the second power feeder are formed of a hydrogen storage metal, andthe polarity switching unit has an operation mode for switching the polarity each time electrolysis is started in the electrolytic chamber.2. The electrolytic water production device according to claim 1 , whereinthe hydrogen storage metal is a metal containing platinum.3. The electrolytic water production device according to ...

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR OXIDANT CONCENTRATION CONTROL

Methods and apparatus for controlling electrolysis in an electrolytic cell in order to maintain constant concentration of the disinfectant irrespective of the rate of electrolyte concentration or oxidant production in the electrolytic cell. 1. (canceled)2. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte pump comprises a positive displacement pump.3. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte pump comprises a peristaltic pump.4. An apparatus for the production of disinfectant claim 4 , comprising:(a) an electrolyte pump having an input port in fluid communication with a source of electrolyte and an output port;(b) an electrolytic cell having an input port in fluid communication with the output port of the electrolyte pump, and having an oxidant output port, and accepting electrical energy from a source of electrical energy;(c) a control system, configured to control the electrolyte pump responsive to the amperage of electrical energy consumed by the electrolytic cell such that the oxidant concentration of the oxidant exiting the electrolytic cell is maintained between predetermined upper and lower bounds, wherein the control system controls the electrolyte pump to increase the flow rate of the electrolyte pump when the amperage of electrical energy consumed by the electrolytic cell increases.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control system controls the electrolyte pump to decrease the flow rate of the electrolyte pump when the amperage of electrical energy consumed by the electrolytic cell decreases.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control system controls the electrolyte pump to decrease the flow rate of the electrolyte pump when the amperage of electrical energy consumed by the electrolytic cell decreases.7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control system comprises a programmed digital controller.8. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control system comprises an electronic circuit.9. (canceled)10. The apparatus of claim 13 , ...

Electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water

An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.

Method and apparatus for producing negative and positive oxidative reductive potential (orp) water

A method and apparatus for electrolytically producing oxidation reduction potential water from aqueous salt solutions for use in disinfection, sterilization, decontamination, wound cleansing. The apparatus includes an electrolysis unit having a three-compartment cell (22) comprising a cathode chamber (18), an anode chamber (16), and a saline solution chamber (20) interposed between the anode and cathod chambers. Two communicating (24, 26) membranes separate the three chambers. The center chamber includes a fluid flow inlet (21a) and outlet (21b) and contains insulative material that ensures direct voltage potential does not travel through the chamber. A supply of water flows through the cathode and anode chambers at the respective sides of the saline chamber. Saline solution flows through the center chamber, either by circulating a pre-prepared aqueous solution containing ionic species, or, alternatively, by circulating pure water or an aqueous solution of, e.g., aqueous hydrogen chloride and ammonium hydroxide, over particulate insulative material coated with a solid electrolyte. Electrical current is provided to the communicating membranes separating the chambers, thus causing an electrolytic reaction that produces both oxidative (positive) and reductive (negative) ORP water.

Semiconductor substrate wet treatment method

Method for wet processing of a semiconductor substrate

Electrolyzed waters, including an anode water and a cathode water, having either oxidizing or reducing activity and having either acidity or alkalescency, which is obtained by electrolysis of an aqueous solution prepared by addition of a minute amount of electrolytes, is applied wet processings including cleaning, etching and rinsing processings of semiconductor wafers. The effects of the electrolyzed waters are not lower than those the conventional acidic or alkalic chemicals provide, and remarkably reduces quantity of chemicals used in wet processings in semiconductor manufacturing.

Systems and methods to treat pfas and other persistent organic compounds and oxidizable matter in aqueous fluids

Devices, apparatus, and methods to treat Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related telomeres including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS), and other recalcitrant highly stable organic compounds, substances, organic matter, infectious fluids, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical, and otherwise oxidizable material contaminants in water, aqueous fluids, condensates, concentrates, brines, and spent solid adsorbent media. The system can include hydrodynamic cavitation; acoustic sonication; electrochemical oxidation; in-line static mixing; and supplemental reagent precursors to create powerful oxidizing conditions within the equipment, and oxidants by the system that destroy said contaminants.

Method for producing a disinfectant based on hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite by electrochemical activation of a chloride solution

A method is proposed for producing a disinfectant containing hypochlorous acid (HOC1) and/or hypochlorite (OC1 - )by electrochemical activation of a dilute water/chloride solution, in that water is added to a chloride solution and the dilute water/chloride solution obtained in this manner is exposed to an electric current in the anode chamber of an electrolysis reactor which comprises at least one cathode chamber having a cathode and at least one anode chamber, which is spatially separated therefrom by a membrane, and comprises an anode, by applying an electric voltage to the electrodes, in order to convert the chloride at least in part to hypochlorous acid and/or hypochlorite. In order to decrease the consumption of chloride, the invention provides that the water/chloride solution is only delivered to the anode chamber of the electrolysis reactor, whereas the cathode chamber of the electrolysis reactor is fed with water which has not been admixed with chloride ions.

method and device.

Implantable bone lengthening apparatus using a drive gear mechanism

A bone lengthening mechanism is placed into a bone which is then lengthened by extending the mechanism. The mechanism is extended by effecting a rotational movement in a drive bolt which mates with a threaded portion in a section of the mechanism. The threads convert the rotational movement to a longitudinal force thereby lengthening the bone.

Membrane electrolysis reactor system with four chambers

Apparatus and method for constant flow oxidizing of organic materials

The invention is a method and apparatus using high cerium concentration in the anolyte of an electrochemical cell to oxidize organic materials. The method and apparatus further use an ultrasonic mixer to enhance the oxidation rate of the organic material in the electrochemical cell. A reaction vessel provides an advantage of independent reaction temperature control and electrochemical cell temperature control. A separate or independent reaction vessel may be used without an ultrasonic mixer to oxidize gaseous phase organic materials.

Method for controlling apparatus for generating sterilized water

살균수 생성 장치 제어 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 농작물의 선도 유지, 병해 방제 및 친환경 농업의 실현을 위하여 농작물에 살포될 농업용 살균수를 생성하는 장치를 제어하는 방법에 있어서, 농작물에의 살균수의 살포 주기 및 일일 살포 시점 중 적어도 어느 하나에 대응하여 가동 시간을 설정하는 단계, 가동 시간에 맞춰 가동됨에 따라 물에 염화물을 용해한 전해질을 제1 방향으로 순환시키는 단계, 및 전해질을 전기 분해하여 차아염소산 및 차아염소산 이온을 포함하는 잔류염소를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 살균수 생성 장치 제어 방법이 제공된다. Disclosed is a method for controlling a sterilizing water generating device. According to an aspect of the present invention, in a method of controlling an apparatus for generating sterilizing water for agriculture to be sprayed on crops to maintain freshness of crops, control diseases and realize eco-friendly agriculture, the spraying cycle and daily life of sterilizing water for crops Setting the operating time corresponding to at least any one of the spraying time, circulating an electrolyte in which chloride is dissolved in water in the first direction as it is operated according to the operating time, and electrolyzing the electrolyte to produce hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions There is provided a method for controlling a sterilizing water generating device comprising the step of generating residual chlorine comprising a.

Method and device for electrochemical treatment of water

FIELD: electrochemical treatment of water and aqueous solutions of salts for change of their oxidizing and reducing properties. SUBSTANCE: highly mineralized water at content of salts from 2 to 35% is fed to anode chamber of diaphragm electrolyzer; chlorine formed in anode chamber in the course of electrolysis is dissolved in alkaline water obtained through mixing catholyte and slightly mineralized water. Rarefaction is formed in cathode chamber by means of water-jet pump to ensure pressure differential on porous diaphragm separating the anode and cathode chambers. This pressure differential creates filtration flow of water anode chamber to cathode chamber, thus enhancing efficiency of separation of chlorine in anode chamber. Device used for realization of this method has flow-type diaphragm electrolyzer which consists of anode and cathode chambers separated by porous diaphragm, circulating loop connecting the outlet and inlet branch pipes of anode chamber; this branch pipe is connected with suction branch pipe of water-jet pump used for obtaining water with oxidizing properties. Outlet branch pipe of cathode chamber is connected with suction branch pipe of water-jet pump used for obtaining water with reducing properties. EFFECT: increased service life of anode coat; reduced corrosion attack of water possessing oxidizing properties; maximum use of chemical reagents (salts) dissolved in water. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl ДЕбсСУс ПЧ ГЭ РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК ВИ” 2142 917‘ 13) Сл С 02 Е 1/46 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 98113092/12, 30.06.1998 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 30.06.1998 (46) Дата публикации: 20.12.1999 (56) Ссылки: КУ 2110483 СЛ, 10.05.98. СВ 2253860 А, 23.09.92. КО 2038322 СЛ, 21.06.35. КУ 2079575 СЛ, 20.05.97. УР 1-104387 А, 21.04.89. (98) Адрес для переписки: 117593, Москва, Соловьиный пр-д, д.2, кв.353, Попову А.Ю. (71) Заявитель: Попов Алексей Юрьевич, Попов Дмитрий ...

电解水生成装置

提供一种适当控制将浓盐水混入原水中的泵，以获得稳定电解水的电解水生成装置。该电解水生成装置检测流经两电极之间的电流值，反馈控制泵的吐出量使得该检测电流值I变化达到目标电流值。这时，电子控制电路采用多个检测电流值I计算对应于平均电导率的值，向泵提供信号使得该平均电导率变化达到目标电导率。又，电子控制电路在开始生成电解水时，将泵的吐出量设定为在前次反馈控制中所记录的值。

Electrolytic coagulation device equipped with recirculation tank

The present invention relates to an electric coagulation device having a recirculation tank. Specifically, raw water introduced from the outside moves from the bottom to the top, passes through the electrocoagulation section where electrocoagulation occurs between the powder electrodes, and moves to the circulation section. The scum floating at the top is transferred to a scum chamber, and the sediment sinking to the bottom is discharged through a sediment outlet. The treated water that has not been transferred to the supernatant inlet is sucked in by the circulation pump and transferred to the electric coagulation section, but is recirculated by increasing the flow rate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent scale on the electrode, mix raw water evenly, and secure the safety of the reaction, thereby increasing energy efficiency and electrode lifespan.