ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ, ОБЛАДАЮЩИЕ ГЕЛЕПОДОБНЫМИ РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ, И СПОСОБ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Простые эфиры целлюлозы с гелеподобными реологическими свойствами в водном растворе, которые получают следующим образом: а) целлюлозу подвергают мерсеризации водным раствором гидроксида щелочного металла в присутствии суспендирующего средства, содержащего алкилгалогенид, b) осуществляют взаимодействие мерсеризованной целлюлозы с одним или несколькими алкиленоксидами, с) осуществляют взаимодействие мерсеризованной целлюлозы с содержащимся в суспендирующем средстве алкилгалогенидом, d) мерсеризованную целлюлозу последовательно или одновременно подвергают взаимодействию со сшивающим агентом, используемым в количестве от 0,0001 до 0,05 эквивалента, причем под эквивалентом подразумевается мольное отношение структурирующего агента к структурной единице ангидроглюкозы используемой целлюлозы, и е) необратимо сшитый простой эфир целлюлозы, полученный после осуществляемого, при необходимости, добавления гидроксида щелочного металла и/или алкилгалогенида, выделяют из реакционной смеси и, при необходимости ...

МАРКИРОВКА ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ БУМАГИ

Изобретение относится к маркированным изделиям из бумаги. Описывается способ изготовления маркированного изделия из бумаги с использованием облучения области изделия из бумаги электронным пучком с дозой от 0,10 Мрад до около 5 Мрад, где электроны имеют энергию от около 0,25 МэВ до 10 МэВ. Облучение осуществляют в условиях, выбранных для изменения функционализации указанной области изделия из бумаги. Указанная область может быть образована в форме «водяного знака» или символа. Изобретение обеспечивает на изделиях из бумаги маркировку, невидимую невооруженным глазом, которую трудно копировать без достаточно сложного оборудования, что затрудняет ее подделку. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МИКРОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения микроцеллюлозы, включающемуa) подкисление волокнистого целлюлозного материала минеральной кислотой, b) промывку подкисленного целлюлозного материала водой, c) необязательно обезвоживание промытого целлюлозного материала и d) гидролиз промытого или промытого и обезвоженного целлюлозного материала в кислых условиях при температуре от 120°C до 185°C и консистенции, составляющей от 8 до 60 мас.% сухого вещества целлюлозы. Способом по изобретению получают микроцеллюлозу высокого качества с узким гранулометрическим распределением частиц из волокнистого целлюлозного материала. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОПЕРЕЧНОГО СШИВАНИЯ КАРБОКСИЛИРОВАННЫХ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ

Изобретение относится к способу поперечного сшивания карбоксилированных полисахаридов и может быть применено в медицинской и фармацевтической областях и в косметологии. Способ получения включает активирование карбоксильных групп полисахарида путем взаимодействия с пригодными активирующими карбоксильные группы агентами в безводном апротонном растворителе. После чего следует стадия взаимодействия полисахарида с активированными карбоксильными группами и полиамина общей формулы: R1-NH-A-NHR2, где А является С2-С10алкиленовой цепью или полиоксиалкиленовой цепью [ (СН2)n-О-(СН)2]м, где n-равно 2 или 3, м - от 2 до 10. R1и R2являются одинаковыми или различными и представляют собой водород, С1 -С6 алкил, фенил или бензил. Поперечносшитые полисахариды получают вышеуказанным способом. Изобретение позволяет получить соединения с высокой биосовместимостью, улучшенной устойчивостью к ферментативным системам. Из полученных полисахаридов можно сформировать различные формы (гели, пленки), а также достигается ...

ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способам получения дериватизированной целлюлозы и к дериватизированным целлюлозным продуктам, полученным с использованием указанных способов. Способ дериватизации целлюлозной волокнистой массы включает приготовление реакционной среды, содержащей мочевину и дериватизирующий реагент, не являющийся сульфаминовой кислотой. Затем проводят реакцию химической дериватизации между дериватизирующим реагентом и целлюлозной волокнистой массой в реакционной системе, имеющей содержание воды 0-20 мас.%. Причем целлюлозная волокнистая масса является волокнистой массой из твердой древесины, волокнистой массой из мягкой древесины или растворимой волокнистой массой. Далее проводят необязательную очистку и выделение дериватизированного целлюлозного продукта. Обеспечивается дериватизация целлюлозной волокнистой массы при высоком содержании твердых веществ или даже в абсолютно сухом состоянии без предварительной обработки целлюлозы. 4 н. и 23 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 4 табл., 7 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУЛЬФИРОВАННОГО ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО ВОЛОКНА, СУЛЬФИРОВАННОЕ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЕ ВОЛОКНО И БУМАЖНЫЙ ЛИСТ

Описывается способ получения сульфированного целлюлозного волокна, включающий окисление целлюлозной волокнистой массы окислительным агентом с образованием альдегидцеллюлозной волокнистой массы и сульфирование ее сульфирующим агентом, отличающийся тем, что окислительный агент выбирают из группы, состоящей из метанерйодата натрия, параперйодата натрия, йодной кислоты, гипохлорита натрия, перекиси водорода, озона, бихромата калия, перманганата калия и хлорита натрия, и рН примерно 3,0 - 4,6, массу промывают водой и сульфируют щелочным бисульфитом или двуокисью серы в сочетании с гидроокисью натрия при температуре примерно от 25°С до примерно 90°С до образования сульфированного целлюлозного волокна, в котором атом серы связан непосредственно с целлюлозой, а степень замещения сульфированной группой находится между примерно 0,005 и 0,1. Сульфирование целлюлозного волокна значительно повышает прочности на разрыв в сухом и мокром состоянии, а также увеличивает отношение мокрая прочность : сухая ...

СПОСОБ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЯ СОРБЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИОНОВ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ИЗ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности и может быть использовано для совершенствования мембранных и сорбционных технологий, в водоподготовке, при разработке технологий утилизации ионов тяжелых металлов из водных растворов и сточных вод различной природы. Представлен способ модифицирования сорбентов для извлечения ионов тяжелых металлов из водных растворов, заключающийся в контактировании их при комнатной температуре с модифицированными полимерными сорбентами на основе целлюлозы при модуле раствор/сорбент, равном 50-200, в течение 20-30 мин, при этом модифицирование сорбентов осуществляют путем нанесения на них углеродных нанотрубок (УНТ) Таунит М, которые предварительно окисляют концентрированной азотной кислотой при модуле 50-100 при комнатной температуре в течение 60-90 мин или растворами бихромата калия или перманганата калия при рН 2-4, модуле раствора 50-100 и температуре 50-60°С в течение 20-30 мин, затем нанотрубки отделяют, промывают дистиллированной водой, высушивают ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способам получения синтетической целлюлозы путем полимеризации водного раствора глюкозы. Изобретение может быть использовано для получения целлюлозы высокой чистоты, и данный способ в перспективе может лечь в основу новой промышленной технологии получения синтетической целлюлозы без использования природной древесины и без использования натурального хлопка. Целлюлозу получают методом электрополимеризации из водного раствора глюкозы в присутствии в качестве каталитически активного вещества гетерополикислоты 1-12 ряда. Способ осуществляют следующим образом. В качестве реагента используют 20-40% по массе водный раствор глюкозы, полученный путем растворения кристаллической глюкозы в дистиллированной воде. После чего в этот раствор добавляют вольфрамово-ванадиевую гетерополикислоту 1-12 ряда, имеющую химическую формулу H[PWVO], стабильную в водных растворах и обладающую каталитической активностью за счет обратимого изменения степени окисления анионного комплекса. На 1 ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

МОДИФИКАЦИЯ УГЛЕВОДОВ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЯ ГИДРОКСИЛЬНЫХ РАДИКАЛОВ

... 1. Способ модификации углевода, включающий формирование суспензии углевода с использованием растворителя и взаимодействие углевода с гидроксильными радикалами, где гидроксильный радикал генерируется фотолизом пероксида в водном растворе с использованием УФ-света, и отношение УФ-света к пероксиду находится в диапазоне примерно 20-500 ватт/г.2. Способ по п.1, в котором отношение УФ-света к пероксиду находится в диапазоне примерно 30-200 ватт/г.3. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором пероксид выбран из группы, состоящей из пероксида водорода, пероксида натрия, пероксида кальция и их комбинаций.4. Способ по п.1, в котором углевод выбран из группы, состоящей из крахмала, гидроколлоида и целлюлозы.5. Способ по п.1, в котором отношение пероксида к углеводу находится в диапазоне примерно от 0,1 до 2,5 мас.%/мас.6. Способ по п.5, в котором отношение пероксида к углеводу находится в диапазоне примерно от 0,5 до 1,3 мас.%/мас.7. Способ по п.1, в котором модификация имеет место в непрерывном реакторе гидроксильных ...

УЛУЧШЕННЫЕ СВЯЗУЮЩИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Способ очистки сточных вод от красителей или оптических отбеливателей

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenolderivaten von Dialdehydpolysacchariden

Separator fuer Akkumulatoren

Fibrous cellulose structure contg epoxy - groups

Fibrous cellulose structure contg. epoxy groups Chemically reactive fibrous structure e.g. paper, consists of fibrous cellulose contng. epoxy gps. pref. prod. by the action of gaseous di- or polyepoxides on solid cellulose, opt. in presence of small amounts of moisture.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON RAUCHMATERIAL

COPOLYMERE UND DIESE ENTHALTENDE ÖL- UND WASSERABWEISENDE ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

TEXTILWASCHMITTEL

Verfahren zum Abbau hochpolymerer Kohlenhydrate

Verfahren zur Herstellung von vorzugsweise zur Bereitung von Kunststoffen verwendbaren Cellulosederivaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von wertvollen Produkten aus cellulosehaltigen Materialien

Hydrolysis systems and methods

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARRIERS FOR FIXING AMINO COMPOUNDS AND CARRIER-BONDED MATERIALS DERIVED THEREFROM

... 1449471 Activated carrier materials derived from polyhydroxy compounds M BRENNER 21 Nov 1973 [22 Nov 1972 8 Nov 1973] 53970/73 Headings C3H C3P C3A and C3U [Also in Division C2] A process for the manufacture of an activated crosslinked carrier suitable for fixing a watersoluble amino compound which is substitutable on at least one basic nitrogen atom comprises reacting hydrocyanic acid or a water-soluble cyanide and a halogen containing reagent which is hypochlorous acid hypobromous acid or their water-soluble salts, chlorine or bromine compounds which on hydrolysin yield the above acids or a mixture of two or more of these halogen derivatives with a water-soluble or swellable water-insoluble polyhydroxy compound, e.g. starch, dextrins, sucrose, amylopectin, cellulose or poly(vinyl alcohol) in an alkaline medium, freeing the reaction mixture of low molecular weight constituents (a) by dialysis or by gel filtration (if a solution) or (b) by filtration or centrifugation if a suspension and ...

Esterified, Graft-Copolymerised Cellulose and process for producing the same

... 1,199,507. Graft polymers of cellulose. JAPAN GAS-CHEMICAL CO. Inc. 10 April, 1968 [13 April, 1967], No. 17358/68. Heading C3G. Cellulose is graft polymerized with at least one monomer represented by the formula or wherein X is H or CH 3 , Y is -CN, -C 6 H 5 , -CH=CH 2 , -OCOCH 3 , -Cl, -Br or and R is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, -CH 2 CH 2 OR1 in which R1 is H or a C 1 to C 4 -alkyl group or in which R11 and R111 are H or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, so that a weight increase of 50% or more is achieved and subsequently esterified with at least one saturated aliphatic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the form of a free acid, an acid chloride, an acid anhydride or a mixture thereof so that an esterification degree of 30% or more is achieved. The cellulose is, e.g. wood, leaf, stem, bast, seed fibre or pulp cellulose. In the examples, cellulose is (1) grafted with n-butyl methacrylate using ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator ...

Complex and uses thereof

Cationic cellulose particles

A solution of metal-polymer chelate(s) and applications thereof(cleaner)

Method for preparing cellulose-containing particles

Methods for preparing stable aqueous dispersions of cellulose and applications to coating products such as glass products

Aqueous dispersions of cellulose are produced by hydrolysing either natural or regenerated cellulose in an acid medium to form "level-off D.P. cellulose," and mechanically disintegrating the hydrolysed cellulose in an aqueous medium. "Level-off D.P. cellulose" is defined as cellulose which has been hydrolysed, e.g. by treatment with a dilute aqueous solution of a highly ionizable mineral acid, preferably a hot aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, until it has reached a substantially constant "degree of polymerization" or molecular weight. The hydrolysed cellulose may be mechanically disintegrated in an acid aqueous medium and then washed free from acid, or may be washed free from acid before disintegration in an aqueous medium. The latter may have a pH from 1-11, and at least 1% of the cellulose may be reduced to not over one micron particle size. In an example, viscose rayon filaments are contacted for about 15 minutes with a 2,5 normal solution of hydrochloric acid, filtered off and ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomas.

Processing biomas.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomas.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DESOXYCELLULOSEVERBINDUNGEN.

TEXTILE DETERGENT

COPOLYMERS AND THIS CONTAINING ONE OIL AND WATER-REJECTING COMPOSITIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AMINE CARRYING HE CONNECTIONS FROM PROTEINS OR OTHERS, IF NECESSARY BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE CONNECTIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POWDERED OF WATER-SOLUBLE CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES UNDER EMPLOYMENT OF A WATER VAPOUR/CINERT GAS MIXTURE OR A WATER VAPOUR/CAIR MIXTURE AS TRANSPORT AND HEAT DISTRIBUTION MEDIUM GAS

Cellulose microfibrils with modified surface, preparation method and use thereof

Biodegradable, super absorbent polymer hydrogels and a method for their preparation

ANTI-FILMING MATERIALS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS

Laundry detergent compositions with cellulosic based polymers to provide appearance and integrity benefits to fabrics laundered therewith

Molecularly composite polymeric material of fibroin/cellulose and process for producing the same

Modification of polysaccharide containing materials

Modified polysaccharides containing amphiphilic moieties

Process for fluorinating cellulosic materials and fluorinated cellulosic materials

Method for producing cellulose derivatives

PREPARATION OF CARRIER-FIXED AMINO COMPOUNDS

PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR PREPARING A LIGNOCELLULOSE-BASED PRODUCT, AND THE PRODUCT OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS

A process for the manufacture of a lignocellulose product, the process comprising the step of mixing in a reaction medium (i) a phenolic polymer being substituted with a phenolic hydroxy group; (ii) a lignocellulose containing material having immobilized to a cellulosic fraction thereof a fusion polypeptide, the fusion polypeptide including an enzyme being capable of cat-alyzing the oxidation of phenolic groups and a cellulose binding peptide; and (iii) an oxidizing agent. A composition of matter for use in the process and a lignocellulose product obtainable by the process are also disclosed.

MANUFACTURE OF A SMOKING MATERIAL

COPOLYMERS AND OIL- AND WATER-REPELLENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM

The present invention is directed to a copolymer capable of forming a water- and oil-repellent agent that enables binding to textiles and other materials without the production of formaldehyde. The copolymer according to the present invention comprises a) a fluoroaliphatic radical-containing agent, (b) stearyl (meth)acrylate; (c) a chlorine-containing compound; and (d) a monomer selected from those that contain an anhydride functional group or are capable of forming an anhydride functional group. The present invention further provides a water and oil repellency-imparting composition for fibrous and other substrates, the composition comprising the above copolymer together with a catalyst, such as sodium hypophosphite, for forming anhydrides from the acid- containing monomers in the copolymer. The composition can further optionally comprise other additives such as, for example, poly(acrylic acid); an extender, a softener; an antioxidant; a surfactant; and/or a plasticizer.

COSMETIC

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a cosmetic which contains a micro-fibrous cellulose as a thickening agent in the formulation thereof, does not undergo the aggregation of the micro-fibrous cellulose, and is homogeneous. According to the present invention, a cosmetic comprising the components (A) and (B) mentioned below is provided. (A) A micro-fibrous cellulose having fiber widths of 1000 nm or less; and (B) a water-soluble polymer.

TREATMENT PROCESS FOR TEXTILE-BASED MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a process for treating textile-based materials, typically textile-based waste-materials, to prepare them for further use. The treatment includes two or more chemical and/or enzymatic treatment steps, including at least one alkaline treatment step, all intended to cause at least a partial dissolution of the textile-based material. Particularly, the process is used for the treatment of cotton-based waste materials.

EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE WITH DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS

The invention relate to graphite materials, and more specifically to the exfoliation of graphite using deep eutectic solvents, to methods related thereto, to polymer composite materials containing graphene and the methods for the production thereof, and to graphene/metal, exfoliated graphite/metal, graphene/metal oxide and exfoliated graphite/metal oxide composite materials and the methods for the production thereof.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE AND MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE

The invention relates to a method for producing microfibrillated cellulose, where a suspension comprising cellulose derivative in a liquid phase which comprises an organic solvent is provided. The suspension of cellulose derivative is mechanically treated and microfibrillated cellulose is obtained. At least a part of the liquid phase from the microfibrillated cellulose is separated and microfibrillated cellulose with a dry solids content of > 30 weight-% is obtained.

POROUS CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION

The invention relates to a process for preparing a cellulosic sponge comprising treating an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers with periodate; adjusting the pH of the resulting dialdehyde cellulose fibers suspension to 2.5 to 5.5; freezing the suspension obtained and thawing the three dimensional structure to render the cellulosic sponge. The process may further comprise a step of drying to render a cellulosic foam. Both the new sponge and the new foam of the invention may also be further chemically modified obtaining a broad variety of derivatives with tailored properties which useful in many different applications.

COMPLEXES BETWEEN AN AMPHIPHILIC POLYMER AND AN OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN OF THE BMPS FAMILY

L'invention concerne un complexe polymère amphiphile-BMP, stable physiquement et chimiquement, soluble dans l'eau, caractérisé en ce que: les polymères amphiphiles sont constitués d'un squelette polysaccharide hydrophile fonctionnalisé par des substituants hydrophobes et des groupements hydrophiles la BMP est choisie dans le groupe des BMP (Bone morphogenetic Proteins) thérapeutiquement actives, le ratio massique polymère/BMP est inférieur ou égal à 700. L'invention concerne également le procédé de préparation du complexe polymère amphiphile-BMP en milieu aqueux et en absence de solvant organique susceptible de dénaturer la protéine. L'invention comprend également les compositions thérapeutiques de complexe polymère amphiphile-BMP selon l'invention.

DISSOLUTION OF OXIDIZED CELLULOSE AND PARTICLE PREPARATION BY DISPERSION AND NEUTRALIZATION

A process for dissolving modified cellulose includes contacting modified cellulose solution with at least one neutralizing agent to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles.

PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION

The present invention is directed to plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compositions and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resins. The present invention provides a use for the cellulose portion of a plant material, which is the portion left over after processing the selected plant materials to separate the hemi-cellulose and lignin from the cellulose.

POLYMERIC ACID CATALYSTS AND USES THEREOF

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton.

DUAL FUNCTIONAL CELLULOSIC ADDITIVES FOR LATEX COMPOSITIONS

Cellulose ether derivatives comprising a hydrophobic substituent having an unsaturated alkyl portion are disclosed. The unsaturation in the alkyl portion of the hydrophobic substituent can promote crosslinking of the cellulose ether derivative. The cellulose ether derivatives are useful as ingredients in latex compositions. The cellulose ether derivatives can provide associative thickening and rheological properties to latex composition during storage and application. In addition, after the latex composition is applied to the surface to be coated, the cellulose ethers of the present invention can promote crosslinking of the latex film to provide a hard and durable coating. Latex paint compositions comprising the cellulose ether derivatives of the present invention are also disclosed.

SULFONATED CELLULOSE HAVING ABSORBENT PROPERTIES

Disclosed is a water-swellable, water-insoluble sulfonated cellulose having improved absorption properties. One embodiment of the present invention concerns a water-swellable, water-insoluble sulfonated cellulose having an average degree of sulfonic group substitution from about 0.2 to about 0.5 that exhibits an initial Absorbency Under Load value of at least about 8 grams per gram. The sulfonated cellulose may be used in disposable absorbent products.

BIORESORBABLE COMPOSITIONS OF CARBOXYPOLYSACCHARIDE POLYETHER INTERMACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE IN REDUCING SURGICAL ADHESIONS

The present invention relates to improved methods for making and using bioadhesive, bioresorbable, antiadhesion compositions made of intermacromolecular complexes of carboxyl-containing polysaccharides and polyethers, and to the resulting compositions. The polymers are associated with each other, and are then either dried or are used as fluids. Bioresorbable, bioadhesive, antiadhesion compositions are useful in surgery to prevent the formation of post-surgical adhesions. The compositions are designed to breakdown in-vivo, and thus be removed from the body. Membranes are inserted during surgery either dry or optionally after conditioning in aqueous solutions. The antiadhesion, bioadhesive, bioresorptive, antithrombogenic and physical properties of such membranes can be varied as needed by carefully adjusting the pH of the polymer casting solutions, polysaccharide composition, the polyether composition, or by conditioning the membranes prior to surgical use. Bi- or multi-layered membranes ...

MODIFIED POLYSACCHARIDES CONTAINING ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON MOIETIES

Modified polysaccharides (such as starches, gums, chitosans, celluloses, alginates, sugars, etc.), which are commonly used in the paper industry as strengthening agents, surface sizes, coating binders, emulsifiers and adhesives, can be combined into a single molecule with modified aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are commonly utilized, in conjunction with cationic moieties, as softeners, debonders, lubricants and sizing agents. The resulting molecule is a modifie d polysaccharide having an aliphatic moiety which can provide several potentia l benefits, depending on the specific combination employed, including: (a) strength aids that do not impart stiffness; (b) softeners that do not reduce strength ; (c) wet strength with improved wet/dry strength ratio; (d) debonders with reduced linting and sloughing; (e) strength aids with controlled absorbency; and (g) surface sizing gents with improved tactile properties.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kondensationsproduktes aus Cellulose und Formaldehyd.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von fein verteilter Cellulose aus cellulosehaltigen Produkten.

Procédé de préparation d'agrégats de cristallites de cellulose

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Blutersatzflüssigkeiten.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosegelen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dialdehydopolysaccharid-Acrylamid-Derivaten

Verfahren zur Veredlung von regenerierte Cellulosefasern enthaltenden Textilien

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dialdehyd-polysaccharid-Phenolderivaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von neuen Halbacetalen

Procédé de revêtement d'une matière alimentaire

Procédé de préparation d'un copolymère

Verfahren zur Veredelung von cellulosehaltigen Textilmaterialien

Procédé de préparation d'un dérivé de polysaccharide

Katalysator für Methylenierungsreaktionen

Verfahren zur Herstellung photopolymerisierbarer Massen

Structure à revêtement d'agrégats de cirstallite de cellulose

Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetzbaren Polymeren

Verfahren zur Veredlung von Cellulosetextilien

Procédé de préparation de produits cellulosiques particulaires non fibreux

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolymeren aus äthylenisch ungesättigten, polymerisierbaren Verbindungen und Cellulosederivaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von photopolymerisierbaren Massen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von eisenhaltigen Cellulosepfropfcopolymeren

Formbares Produkt, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung

Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetzbaren Polymeren

Amines fixed on active supports - prepared from a polyhydroxy compound, a cyanide and positive chlorine or bromine

Amines such as proteins, peptides, and amino acids are fixed in a support by prepg. the support from a polyhydroxy cpd. such as starch, sugar or cellulose, by treatment with HCN or an alkali metal cyanide and a source of positive chlorine or bromine, esp. a hypochlorite or hypobromite.

Amines fixed on active supports

Amines fixed on active supports prepared from a polyhydroxy compound, a cyanide and positive chlorine or bromine ...

Opt. etherified basic methylol cpds. and salts

Opt. etherified basic methylol cpds. and salts prepd. from amides and used in preparing cationically modified cellulose ...

Methylolamides prepd. by methylolating amides

Methylolamides prepd. by methylolating amides opt. etherifying and converting to salts and used in cationically modifying cellulose ...

Viscosity control in compositions comprising plant fiber materials

Pectinases, such as Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L (composed of the enzyme Polygatacturonase, a type of pectinase which is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus ) or pectinmethylesterases were used to decrease or increase, respectively, the viscosity of fiber solutions, especially solutions with highly refined cellulosic thickeners, and particularly those made of highly refined cellulosic parenchyma cell wall fiber solutions. The enzyme can reduce the viscosity up to 95% or increase the viscosity 100 fold. At lower concentrations the enzyme requires up to a few days of reacting to reach the full reduction in viscosity. Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L has an optimum pH of 4.5-5 and a temperature optimum of 40° C. By controlling the viscosity available from the dried, treated highly refined cellulosic fiber compositions, tailored powder compositions can be provided that will provide precise viscosities when rehydrated in solutions at a constant concentration.

Water-soluble polysaccharide ethers and their use

The invention relates to modified polysaccharide ethers having a weight-averaged molecular weight of 40000 to 50000 g/mole, zero shear viscosity of more than 10 Pas, and pseudoplasticity of more than 20, obtainable by reacting cellulose-based polysaccharide ether(s) with at least one mesogenic modification agent or modified polysaccharide ethers, obtainable by reacting polysaccharide ether(s) selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose (HEMC), methyl cellulose, and cellulose ethers with methyl and/or ethyl and/or propyl groups and mixtures thereof, with at least one mesogenic modification agent. Said substances can be used to produce gel-like to stable aqueous preparations having viscoelastic flow properties, which are suited for use in the human body, particularly within the scope of ophthalmologic procedures.

Polymeric acid catalysts and uses thereof

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

Alternative ligand formulations for cellulose products

This disclosure provides compositions suitable as drilling fluids, completion fluids, work-over fluids, or stimulation/fracking fluids, which exhibit shale inhibiting, thermostabilizing, viscosifying, and fluid loss reducing effects when used for these purposes. In some embodiments, this disclosure provides compositions that include a cellulose product comprising the contact product of: at least one cellulosic ether; at least one salt of a polyvalent metal ion; and at least one ligand or a salt of the ligand. The resulting cellulose products are useful in drilling of oil, gas, and other wells.

Crosslinked cellulosic polymers

Crosslinked cellulosic polymers, crosslinked cellulosic polymer hydro-gels, and methods for their synthesis and use are described. The crosslinked cellulosic polymers include one or more cellulosic polymers and a one or more crosslinkers that crosslinks the one or more cellulosic polymers together. The crosslinking can be facilitated with a crosslinking agent capable of linking with a monomer the cellulosic polymer and crosslinking the cellulosic polymer intermoleculerly and/or intramolecularly. Crosslinked cellulosic polymers are well adapted for use in cell and tissue growth in vivo and in vitro. The crosslinked cellulose polymers may also be used as wound care devices.

Funtionalizing Cellulosic and Lignocellulosic Materials

Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.

METHOD FOR SEPARATING WATER-SOLUBLE BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES

Provided is a novel method for separating water-soluble biological substances. A separating agent is composed by bonding a polysaccharide such as cellulose or amylose to the surface of a carrier by chemical bonding, and water-soluble biological substances are separated from a mixture of two or more types of water-soluble biological substances by chromatography using the separating agent. 1. A method for separating water-soluble biological substances from a mixture of two or more types of water-soluble biological substances by chromatography using a separating agent composed of a carrier and a polysaccharide bound to the surface of the carrier by chemical bonding.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble biological substance is one or more types thereof selected from the group consisting of sugars claim 1 , nucleic acid compounds claim 1 , amino acids claim 1 , water-soluble vitamins claim 1 , acidic compounds having physiological activity and derivatives thereof claim 1 , and oligopeptides.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the polysaccharide is cellulose or amylose.4. A separating agent for separating water-soluble biological substances claim 2 , comprising a carrier and a polysaccharide bound to the surface of the carrier by chemical bonding.5. The separating agent according to claim 4 , wherein the water-soluble biological substance is one or more types thereof selected from the group consisting of sugars claim 4 , nucleic acid compounds claim 4 , amino acids claim 4 , water-soluble vitamins claim 4 , acidic compounds having physiological activity and derivatives thereof claim 4 , and oligopeptides.6. The separating agent according to claim 5 , wherein the polysaccharide is cellulose or amylose. The present invention relates to a method for separating water-soluble biological substances.Since biological substances having physiological activity, such as substances in the manner of sugars, nucleic acid compounds, amino acids, proteins ...

CELLULOSE-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Provided are cellulose nano-material based composite and foam articles. 1. A composite article , comprising:a scaffold having a plurality of pores, the scaffold comprising at least one cellulose nano-material selected from the group consisting of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) and bacterial cellulose (BC); andat least one polymer resin at least partially occupying a plurality of pores in the scaffold.2. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one said cellulose nano-material is NCC.317.-. (canceled)18. The article according to claim 2 , wherein the NCC is between about 100 nm and 400 nm in length and between about 5 nm and 30 nm in thickness.19. The article according to claim 1 , wherein at least two types of cellulose nano-material are present in the scaffold.20. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin comprises at least one thermoset polymer and/or at least one thermoplastic polymer.21. The article according to claim 20 , wherein the polymer resin comprises at least one thermoset polymer resin selected from the group consisting of a thermoset silicone polymer claim 20 , a thermoset organic polymer claim 20 , a polyolefin claim 20 , a polar thermoplastic claim 20 , polystyrene claim 20 , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) claim 20 , acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) claim 20 , a styrene copolymer claim 20 , polyacrylonitrile claim 20 , a polyacrylate claim 20 , a polyacrylamide claim 20 , a vinyl acetate polymer claim 20 , a vinyl alcohol polymer claim 20 , a cellulose plastic claim 20 , a thermoplastic elastomer claim 20 , a thermoplastic polyurethane claim 20 , a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer claim 20 , a thermoplastic polyester claim 20 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 20 , polybutylene terephthalate claim 20 , a compatibilized thermoplastic blend claim 20 , polyacetal claim 20 , a polyether claim 20 , a polyarylate claim 20 , a polycarbonate claim 20 , a polyamide claim 20 , polyimides ...

Process for the simultaneous substitution and crosslinking of a polysaccharide via its hydroxyl functional groups

A process for the simultaneous substitution and crosslinking of a polysaccharide via its hydroxyl functional groups, in an aqueous phase, which includes the following steps: 1. A process for the simultaneous substitution and crosslinking of a polysaccharide via its hydroxyl functional groups , in an aqueous phase , comprising the following steps:a polysaccharide is placed in an aqueous medium,it is brought into the presence of at least one precursor of a substituent,it is brought into the presence of a crosslinking agent,the substituted and crosslinked polysaccharide is obtained and isolated,{'sup': '−7', 'wherein, said process is carried out in the presence of a basic or acidic catalyst, the concentration of which is between 3.16×10and 0.32 mol/L, and at a temperature of less than 60° C.'}3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the reactive catalyst ratio (RCR) is between 0.2:1 and 3:1.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a base.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the base is an inorganic base chosen from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and wherein the reactive functional group of the catalyst is the OH ion.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the concentration by weight of the inorganic base is between 1.2×10% and 1.15%.7. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the concentration of catalyst HO is between 10mol/L and 0.32 mol/L claim 4 , such that 10mol/L≦[HO]≦0.32 mol/L.8. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the pH of the aqueous reaction medium is basic and is between 8.5 and 13.5.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an acid.10. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the acid is an inorganic acid and is hydrochloric acid and the reactive functional group of the catalyst is the HO ion.11. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the concentration by weight of the inorganic acid is between 1.14×10% and 1.3%.12. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the ...

NOVEL METHOD TO PRODUCE MICROCELLULOSE

The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising subjecting fibrous cellulosic material to acid hydrolysis at a temperature of at least 40° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose, wherein the amount of added acid is from 0.2 to 2%, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% on dry weight of the cellulose. 1. A process for producing microcellulose comprising subjecting fibrous cellulosic material to acid hydrolysis at a temperature of at least 140° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose , wherein the amount of added acid is from 0.2 to 2% , preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% on dry weight of the cellulose , and wherein the hydrolysis is carried in a reactor without essential compression.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the added acid is a mineral acid claim 1 , preferably sulphuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , sodium bisulphate or sodium bisulphite.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compression ratio of the reactor is below 1.5:1 claim 1 , preferably below 1.2:1.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 140 and 185° C. claim 1 , preferably between 150 and 180° C. claim 1 , more preferably between 155 and 175° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the consistency of the cellulose is from 8 to 50% claim 1 , preferably from 15 to 50% claim 1 , more preferably from 20 to 50% claim 1 , and most preferably from 25 to 45% on dry weight of the cellulose.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis time is from 5 to 180 minutes claim 1 , preferably from 15 to 150 minutes.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical energy input during the hydrolysis is carried out to ensure even chemical and temperature distribution and without essential mechanical cutting and mechanical defibration of the cellulose matrix claim 1 , preferably at most 20 kWh per dry ton cellulose claim ...

METHOD FOR INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF MICROBES WITH A MODIFIED CELLULOSE FIBER

A method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria in an absorbent device by using kraft pulp fiber subjected to an acidic, catalyzed peroxide treatment process incorporated into a single stage of a multi-stage bleaching process. 1. A method of inhibiting the growth of microbes in an absorbent device comprising:including within the absorbent portion of the device kraft pulp fiber that has been subjected to oxidation with a peroxide and at least one catalyst under acidic conditions during bleaching.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbe is the bacteria E-coli.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aldehyde content of the fiber is at least 2 meq/100 g.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent device is chosen from a bandage and a wound care product.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent device is chosen from bandaids claim 1 , medical gauze claim 1 , absorbent dressings and pads claim 1 , medical gowning claim 1 , paper for medical tables claim 1 , and incontinence pads.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteriostatic activity of the absorbent portion of the device is greater than 3.0 at 4 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bactericidal activity of the absorbent portion of the device is greater than 2.0 at 4 hours. This disclosure relates to the chemical modification of cellulose fiber. More particularly, this disclosure relates to chemically modified cellulose fiber derived from bleached kraft pulp that exhibits a unique set of characteristics, improving its performance over standard cellulose fiber derived from kraft pulp and making it useful in applications that have heretofore been limited to expensive fibers (e.g., cotton or high alpha content sulfite pulp). Specifically, the chemically modified bleached kraft fiber may exhibit one or more of the following beneficial characteristics, including but not limited to, improved odor control, improved compressibility, and/or improved brightness. The chemically modified bleached kraft ...

METHODS FOR DETOXIFYING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE

The present disclosure relates to methods for detoxifying a hydrolysate obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass and methods of producing ethanol from the detoxified hydrolysate. The present methods provide detoxified hydrolysates in which the quantity of compounds that are deleterious to fermenting microorganisms are substantially reduced relative to the starting hydrolysate and in which the amount of fermentable sugars loss is minimal. 1. A method of reducing the toxicity of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate towards a fermenting organism , or for reducing at least a portion of one inhibitor to a fermenting organism from a lignocellulosic hydrolysate , comprising the step of mixing a starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , said starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution comprising a mixture of fermentable sugars , furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids , with a magnesium base selected from magnesium hydroxide , magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide for a period of time and under conditions that result in the formation of a detoxified hydrolysate solution comprising at least 90% of the total fermentable sugars present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution and no greater than 40% of furan aldehydes present in the starting lignocellulosic hydrolysate solution , thereby reducing the toxicity of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium hydroxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium carbonate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium base is magnesium oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a temperature of between 40° C. and 70° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a temperature of between 45° C. and 50° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a pH in the range from 6.2 to 9.5.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions include a pH in the range from 6.5 to 8.9. The method of claim ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING FIBROUS POLYPEPTIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed. 1. A method of generating an isolated composite comprising resilin and a polysaccharide , the method comprising contacting said resilin with the polysaccharide under conditions which allow binding between said resilin and the polysaccharide to generate the isolated composite comprising resilin and the polysaccharide.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising crosslinking said composite following said contacting.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said crosslinking is affected by a method selected from the group consisting of photochemical crosslinking claim 2 , enzymatic crosslinking claim 2 , chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising coating said composite with an additional fibrous polypeptide claim 2 , said coating being effected following said crosslinking the composite.5. The method claim 1 , further comprising binding said fibrous polypeptide with an additional fibrous polypeptide prior to said contacting.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein said additional fibrous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a mussel byssus protein claim 4 , spider silk protein claim 4 , collagen claim 4 , elastin and fibronectin and fragments thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose claim 1 , a starch claim 1 , a dextran claim 1 , a glucan claim 1 , a chitosan claim 1 , an alginate claim 1 , a carboxymethyl cellulose and an hyaluronic acid.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said polysaccharide is cellulose.9. An isolated composite comprising resilin and a polysaccharide claim 7 , the resilin comprising a chitin binding domain claim 7 , the polysaccharide not being chitin.10. An ...

Method for producing and using a copolymer of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gossypol

The invention relates to the field of organic chemistry, pharmacology and medicine and concerns a method for producing a copolymer of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gossypol having the formula (I), as well as the use thereof in a combined treatment for patients with autistic spectrum disorders and cognitive impairment.

Methods and Systems for Processing Lignocellulosic Materials and Related Compsitions

A method comprising: (a) providing a lignocellulosic substrate; (b) contacting said lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water-soluble organic solvent to form an extracted substrate and a miscella; (c) removing miscella from said extracted substrate; and (d) hydrolyzing said extracted substrate using a chemically catalyzed process. 1. A method comprising:(a) providing a lignocellulosic substrate;(b) contacting said lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water-soluble organic solvent to form an extracted substrate and a miscella;(c) removing miscella from said extracted substrate; and(d) hydrolyzing said extracted substrate using a chemically catalyzed process.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrolyzing employs a mineral acid as a catalyst.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said mineral acid includes HCl.4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said mineral acid includes HSO.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrolyzing employs a reactive fluid as a catalyst.6. A method according to comprising:(a) filtering lignin solids from hydrolyzate formed by said hydrolyzing,wherein a filtration rate of said filtering is faster by at least 10% compared with a filtration rate of lignin solids from hydrolyzate formed by hydrolyzing without said extracting, using an identical filter and identical filtration conditions.7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein said hydrolyzing employs a mineral acid as a catalyst.8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein said mineral acid includes HCl.9. A method according to wherein said mineral acid includes HSO.10. A method according to claim 6 , wherein said hydrolyzing employs a reactive fluid as a catalyst.11. A system comprising claim 6 ,(a) an extraction module adapted to extract a lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water soluble organic solvent and a weak acid, and to output an extracted substrate and a miscella; and(b) a hydrolysis ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROPHILIZED CELLULOSE FIBER, AND METHOD FOR REDUCING OXIDIZED CELLULOSE FIBER

This invention provides a method for hydrophilic cellulose fibers capable of inhibiting decrease in the degree of polymerization and whiteness degree of oxidized cellulose fibers in oxidized cellulose in which a carbon at position 6 of each glucose unit in the cellulose fiber starting material is oxidized to a carboxyl group, the method comprising (A) the step of performing dehalogenation together with reduction, 1. A method for producing hydrophilic cellulose fibers , comprising (A) the step of performing dehalogenation together with reduction ,the dehalogenation comprising mixing a dehalogenation agent, a reducing agent, and oxidized cellulose fibers to remove halogens remaining in the oxidized cellulose fibers, andthe reduction comprising reducing a ketone group at position 2 and/or position 3 of each glucose unit in the oxidized cellulose fibers.2. The method for producing hydrophilic cellulose fibers according to claim 1 , wherein Step (A) is a step of performing the reduction together with the dehalogenation by adding the oxidized cellulose fibers to a reaction solution containing a dehalogenation agent and a reducing agent.3. The method for producing hydrophilic cellulose fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the dehalogenation agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , ozone claim 1 , sodium peroxide claim 1 , sodium perborate claim 1 , sodium percarbonate claim 1 , and peracetic acid.4. The method for producing hydrophilic cellulose fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of thiourea claim 1 , hydrosulfite claim 1 , sodium hydrogen sulfite claim 1 , sodium borohydride claim 1 , sodium cyanoborohydride claim 1 , lithium borohydride claim 1 , sodium acid sulfite claim 1 , and thiourea dioxide.5. The method for producing hydrophilic cellulose fibers according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction solution in Step (A) has a pH of 7 to 12.6. ...

Methods for integrating the production of cellulose nanofibrils with the production of cellulose nanocrystals

Methods for integrating the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from cellulose are provided. The methods use milder acid hydrolysis conditions than those for maximal CNC production to achieve reduced degradation of cellulose into soluble sugars. Also provided are negatively charged cellulosic solid residues (CSRs) in the form of cellulose fibers (CF) and/or cellulose microfibrils (CMF) during the acid hydrolysis, as well as CNFs fabricated from the CSRs.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POROUS CELLULOSE BEADS

The objective of the present invention is to provide a convenient method for producing porous cellulose beads having high mechanical strength without using an auxiliary material which is highly toxic and corrosive and without a cumbersome and industrially adverse step. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the steps of mixing a cold alkaline aqueous solution and cellulose to prepare a cellulose dispersion and bringing the cellulose dispersion into contact with a coagulating solvent. 1. A method for producing porous cellulose beads , comprising the steps of:mixing a cold alkaline aqueous solution and cellulose to prepare a cellulose dispersion; andbringing the cellulose dispersion into contact with a coagulating solvent.2. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein an alkali concentration in the alkaline aqueous solution is not less than 5 wt % and not more than 15 wt %.3. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein a median particle diameter of the cellulose is not less than 10 μm and not more than 500 μm.4. The method for preparing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein a cellulose concentration in the cellulose dispersion is not less than 1 wt % and not more than 10 wt %.5. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein the coagulating solvent contains an alcohol.6. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein the coagulating solvent is acidified.7. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature for preparing and preserving the cellulose dispersion is not less than −20° C. and not more than 10° C.8. The method for producing porous cellulose beads according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulose dispersion is dispersed in a continuous phase to obtain an emulsion claim 1 , and then the emulsion is ...

Dissolution of Oxidized Cellulose and Particle Preparation by Solvent and Non-Solvent Precipitation

A process for dissolving modified cellulose includes contacting modified cellulose solution with at least one non-solvent to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles. 1. A process comprising:forming a modified cellulose solution; andcontacting the modified cellulose solution with at least one non-solvent to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of the modified cellulose solution comprises:contacting a modified cellulose with a solvent under an inert atmosphere to form a swelled modified cellulose;adjusting the swelled modified cellulose mixture to a first temperature;contacting the swelled modified cellulose with a salt under the inert atmosphere to form a modified cellulose solution; andadjusting the modified cellulose solution to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-solvent is selected from the group consisting of alkanes claim 1 , oils glycerins claim 1 , glycols claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising shearing the modified solution to form the plurality of modified cellulose particles.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the first temperature is from about 115° C. to about 145° C. and the second temperature is from about 90° C. to about 120° C.6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N claim 2 ,N-Dimethylacetamide claim 2 , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone claim 2 , and combinations thereof.7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium halides claim 2 , sodium halides claim 2 , potassium halides claim 2 , and combinations thereof.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the modified cellulose is an oxidized cellulose.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of modified cellulose particles include oxidized ...

Dissolution of Oxidized Cellulose and Particle Preparation by Dispersion and Neutralization

A process for dissolving modified cellulose includes contacting modified cellulose solution with at least one neutralizing agent to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles. 1. A process comprising:forming a modified cellulose solution; andcontacting the modified cellulose solution with at least one neutralizing agent to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of the modified cellulose solution comprises:contacting a modified cellulose with a solvent under an inert atmosphere to form a swelled modified cellulose;adjusting the swelled modified cellulose mixture to a first temperature;contacting the swelled modified cellulose with a salt under the inert atmosphere to form a modified cellulose solution; andadjusting the modified cellulose solution to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia claim 1 , ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , lithium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , potassium bicarbonate claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising shearing the dissolved modified solution to form the plurality of modified cellulose particles.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the first temperature is from about 115° C. to about 145° C. and the second temperature is from about 90° C. to about 120° C.6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N claim 2 ,N-Dimethylacetamide claim 2 , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone claim 2 , and combinations thereof.7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium halides claim 2 , sodium halides claim 2 , potassium halides claim 2 , and ...

Dissolution of Oxidized Cellulose and Particle Preparation by Cross-Linking With Multivalent Cations

A process for dissolving modified cellulose includes contacting modified cellulose solution with at least one multivalent cation to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles. 1. A process comprising:forming a modified cellulose solution; andcontacting the modified cellulose solution with at least one multivalent cation to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of the modified cellulose solution comprises:contacting a modified cellulose with a solvent under an inert atmosphere to form a swelled modified cellulose;adjusting the swelled modified cellulose mixture to a first temperature;contacting the swelled modified cellulose with a salt under the inert atmosphere to form a modified cellulose solution; andadjusting the modified cellulose solution to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one multivalent cation is selected from the group consisting of cations of calcium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and iron.4. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising shearing the modified solution to form the plurality of modified cellulose particles.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the first temperature is from about 115° C. to about 145° C. and the second temperature is from about 90° C. to about 120° C.6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N claim 2 ,N-Dimethylacetamide claim 2 , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone claim 2 , and combinations thereof.7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium halides claim 2 , sodium halides claim 2 , potassium halides claim 2 , and combinations thereof.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the modified cellulose is an oxidized cellulose.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS

Cellulose nanofibers are produced by means of a method comprising a step (A) of oxidizing a cellulosic starting material in the presence of an N-oxyl compound and a step (B) of forming the oxidized cellulosic starting material into nanofibers by defibrating the oxidized cellulosic starting material, and a step (C) of performing at least one selected from the following steps: a step (C-1) of treating the cellulosic starting material in water having a hydroxide ion concentration of 0.75 to 3.75 mol/L prior to performing the step (A); and a step (C-2) of subjecting the oxidized cellulosic starting material obtained from the step (A) to hydrolysis in an alkaline solution having a pH between 8 and 14 after performing the step (A) and prior to performing the step (B). 1. A method for producing cellulose nanofibers comprising the following steps:(A) oxidizing a cellulosic starting material in the presence of an N-oxyl compound (a1) and a compound selected from the group consisting of bromides, iodides and mixtures thereof (a2), using an oxidizing agent (a3); and(B) forming the oxidized cellulosic starting material obtained in the step A into nanofibers by preparing a dispersion liquid comprising the oxidized cellulosic starting material and defibrating the starting material while dispersing the starting material in a dispersion medium, and the method further comprising the following step:(C) performing a treatment under alkaline conditions, wherein the step C is at least one of the following steps:(C-1) treating the cellulosic starting material in water having a hydroxide ion concentration of 0.75 to 3.75 mol/L before the step A; and(C-2) subjecting the oxidized cellulosic starting material obtained in the step A to hydrolysis in an alkaline solution having a pH between 8 and 14 after the step A and before the step B.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least the step C-2 is performed and an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent is added to the alkaline solution in the step ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALKALI CELLULOSE

The present invention relates to a method for producing an alkali cellulose with suppressed decrease in the degree of polymerization as well as with small use amount of a basic compound, and to a method for producing a cellulose ether by using the alkali cellulose thus obtained. Provided by the present invention are: (A) a method for producing an alkali cellulose, comprising Step 1 wherein a cellulose-containing raw material is pulverized in the presence of 0.6 to 1.5 mol of a basic compound relative to 1 mol of an anhydroglucose unit that constitutes a cellulose in the said cellulose-containing raw material and under the condition in which the water content therein relative to the cellulose in the cellulose-containing raw material is 10% or less by mass thereby obtaining a cellulose powder mixture having the median diameter of the cellulose-containing raw material made 150 μm or less and Step 2 wherein water content therein is adjusted in the range of 30 to 100% by mass relative to the cellulose by adding water to the cellulose powder mixture thereby obtaining the alkali cellulose in the powder form; and (B) a method for producing a cellulose ether by reacting the alkali cellulose produced by the foregoing production method with an etherification agent. 1. A method for producing an alkali cellulose comprising:Step 1 wherein a cellulose-containing raw material is pulverized in the presence of 0.6 to 1.5 mol of a basic compound relative to 1 mol of an anhydroglucose unit that constitutes a cellulose in the said cellulose-containing raw material and under the condition in which the water content therein relative to the cellulose in the cellulose-containing raw material is 10% or less by mass thereby obtaining a cellulose powder mixture having the median diameter of the cellulose-containing raw material made 150 μm or less, andStep 2 wherein water content in the cellulose powder mixture obtained in Step 1 is adjusted in the range of 30 to 100% by mass relative to the ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING MICRO- AND NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE

The invention relates to a process for preparing micro- and nanocrystailine cellulose material in the presence of an acid. More specifically, the invention relates to a process, in which the cellulose material is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid in the gas phase while the moisture content of cellulose is between 1% and 80%, the cellulose material is surface-modified, and mech anically treated in order to obtain micro- and/or nanocrystailine cellulose material. The invention also relates to a cellulose product prepared by the said process and the use thereof in food and liquid crystal applications as well as in optical, cosmetic and medical applications. 1. A process for preparing micro- and/or nanocrystalline cellulose material in the presence of an acid in the gas phase , characterized in that the process comprises steps , in which the cellulose material is hydrolyzed in the presence of at least one acid in the gas phase , the moisture content of the cellulose material being between 1% and 80% , the cellulose material is surface-modified , and the hydrolyzed cellulose material is mechanically treated in order to obtain micro- and/or nanocrystalline cellulose material.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the process further comprises a step in which water-soluble mono- and oligosaccharides are separated from the hydrolyzed cellulose material.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the surface modification is a chemical modification.4. The process according to claim 3 , characterized in that the chemical modification comprises TEMPO oxidation claim 3 , acetylation and/or carboxymethylation.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the cellulose material is modified before the hydrolysis.6. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the cellulose material is modified after the hydrolysis.7. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the vapour pressure of the acid used is ...

METHOD FOR MAKING SPECIFIC PRODUCTS FROM POLYSACCHARIDE MOLECULE

A method for preparing a specific product from a polysaccharide in which at least one hydroxyl of a saccharide unit is substituted with an ether or ester moiety. The ether or ester moiety is provided with ethenyl and/or epoxy functionality for preparing an activatable polysaccharide polymer and the activatable polysaccharide polymer with ethenyl and/or epoxy functionality is optionally reacted with an additional coupling reagent, having at least two coupling functionality for preparing polysaccharide polymer with additional activatable crosslinker. Thereafter, the activatable polysaccharide polymer or the polysaccharide polymer with an additional activatable crosslinker, is activated for crosslinking the polysaccharide polymer with another polysaccharide polymer by reacting the activatable polysaccharide polymer or polysaccharide polymer with an additional activatable crosslinker with a crosslinking initiator for crosslinking the polysaccharide polymer chains with each other, for preparing a product such as hydrogel, film, coating or membrane with polysaccharide backbone. 1. A method for making specific products from polysaccharide molecule(s) containing ether or ester bonded substituents , wherein said method comprisesproviding hydroxyl groups of a polysaccharide molecule with numerous of coupling substituents, wherein said coupling substituents are substituted via ether or ester bonds, preferably via ether bonds, to said polysaccharide molecule, wherein said coupling substituents enable crosslinking two polysaccharide polymers with each other or enable coupling a polysaccharide polymer with another polymer or enable grafting of a polymer side chain from same kind or different kind of monomer(s) onto said polysaccharide molecule andmaking a selected product from said polysaccharide molecule with numerous coupling substituents by crosslinking said polysaccharide molecule with the same kind of different kind of polysaccharide molecule or forming bonds between said ...

MODIFIED BIOPOLYMERS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING AND USING THE SAME

Modified biopolymers, such as, charge-modified biopolymers, cross-linked biopolymers, and cross-linked, charge-modified biopolymers are provided along with methods of producing and using the same. 1. A method for producing a cross-linked , charge-modified biopolymer comprising:combining a biopolymer and at least one charge-modifying agent to form a homogenous reaction blend;reacting the biopolymer and the at least one charge-modifying agent in the homogenous reaction blend; andcross-linking the biopolymer in the homogeneous reaction blend to form a cross-linked, charge-modified biopolymer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining step further comprises combining a plasticizer and optionally a catalyst with the biopolymer and the at least one charge-modifying agent to form the homogenous reaction blend.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking step further comprises reacting the charge-modified biopolymer with at least one cross-linking agent claim 1 , optionally in the presence of an initiator.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting and cross-linking steps occur simultaneously.5. The method of any one of claim 1 , further comprising foaming the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer comprises a plurality of void spaces formed therein having an average diameter of about 0.1 to about 500 microns.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer comprises at least two different biopolymers claim 1 , optionally wherein one of the at least two different biopolymers is a charge-modified biopolymer.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer has a net positive charge or a net negative charge.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer is a polyampholyte.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining step comprises melting blending the biopolymer and the at ...

PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITION

The present invention is directed to plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compositions and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resins. The present invention provides a use for the cellulose portion of a plant material, which is the portion left over after processing the selected plant materials to separate the hemi-cellulose and lignin from the cellulose. 1. A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition comprising:a) a thermoplastic material; andb) from about 1 to about 60 weight percent cellulose fibers based on the weight of the composition, the cellulose fibers obtained by the separation of the cellulose fiber fraction from hemi-cellulose and lignin fractions of flax in a decortication process that does not include hammering or bending/flexing the flax.2. The composition of wherein the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic are molecularly bonded to one another.3. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic is a polyolefin or polyamide or an engineering plastic.4. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material is polypropylene or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.5. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material and cellulose fibers are homogeneously dispersed throughout the composition. This application is a divisional Non-Provisional patent application which claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/697,079, filed Apr. 27, 2015, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which is a continuation application of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/648,738, filed on Oct. 10, 2012, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which are all expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The present invention relates to a thermoplastic composite resin composition which includes plant fibers and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resin compositions. More particularly, the cellulose component of plat material remaining after the removal of the hemi ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method of reducing recalcitrance in cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials , the method comprising:contacting, in a mixture, a first cellulosic or lignocellulosic material having a first level of recalcitrance with one or more compounds comprising one or more naturally-occurring, non-radioactive group 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 elements, to produce a second cellulosic or lignocellulosic material having a second level of recalcitrance lower than the first level of recalcitrance.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements are in a 1+ claim 1 , 2+ claim 1 , 3+ claim 1 , 4+ or 5+ oxidation state.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements comprise Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu or Zn.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements comprise Fe in the 2+ claim 1 , 3+ or 4+ oxidation state.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises one or more oxidants capable of increasing an oxidation state of at least some of said elements.6. The method of in which the oxidant comprises ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide.7. The method of further comprising maintaining pH at or below about 5.5 during contact.8. The method of further comprising dispersing the first cellulosic or lignocellulosic material in water or an aqueous medium claim 5 , and then adding first the one or more compounds and then the one or more oxidants.9. The method of further comprising dispersing the first cellulosic or lignocellulosic material in water or an aqueous medium claim 5 , and then adding first the one or more oxidants and then the one or more compounds.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

Grafted crosslinked cellulose

Grafted, crosslinked cellulosic materials include cellulose fibers and polymer chains composed of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid group-containing monomer (such as acrylic acid) grafted thereto, in which one or more of said cellulose fibers and said polymer chains are crosslinked (such as by intra-fiber chain-to-chain crosslinks). Some of such materials are characterized by a wet bulk of about 10.0-17.0 cm 3 /g, an IPRP value of about 1000 to 7700 cm 2 /MPa·sec, and/or a MAP value of about 7.0 to 38 cm H 2 O. Methods for producing such materials may include grafting polymer chains from a cellulosic substrate, followed by treating the grafted material with a crosslinking agent adapted to effect crosslinking of one or more of the cellulosic substrate or the polymer chains. Example crosslinking mechanisms include esterfication reactions, ionic reactions, and radical reactions, and example crosslinking agents include pentaerythritol, homopolymers of the graft species monomer, and hyperbranched polymers.

CYCLIC OLIGOSACCHARIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Provided is a novel cyclic oligosaccharide derived from cellulose. The cyclic oligosaccharide is a cyclic oligosaccharide of Formula (1) having a β-1,4 glucosidic bond. In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent thereof, a plurality of the Rs may be identical or different, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3. The present invention relates to a novel cellulose-derived cyclic oligosaccharide having a β-1,4 glucosidic bond and a method for producing the same.Conventionally, cyclodextrins are known as cyclic oligosaccharides. Cyclodextrins have a cyclic structure in which glucoses are linked by α-1,4 glucosidic bonds, as represented by the following general formula (X) (wherein m is an integer of 1 to 3), and generally include α-cyclodextrin in which 6 glucoses are bound, β-cyclodextrin in which 7 glucoses are bound, and γ-cyclodextrin in which 8 glucoses are bound.Such cyclodextrins have pores with a size of about 1 nm inside the cyclic structure, in which relatively small molecules called guest molecules can be taken. Since the hydroxy groups of cyclodextrins are outside the pores, the outside of the cyclic structure is hydrophilic, and the inside of the pores is hydrophobic. Therefore, cyclodextrins have the property of including hydrophobic guest molecules or some of them in the pores, and, through the use of this property, cyclodextrins and their chemically modified products, i.e., cyclodextrin derivatives, are used in foods, cosmetics, toiletry products, pharmaceuticals, and the like for the purpose of non-volatilization and sustained release of volatile substances, stabilization of unstable substances, solubilization of poorly soluble substances, and the like (see, for example, Patent Literatures 1 to 4 below).Cyclodextrins are cyclic maltooligosaccharides derived from starch which is an edible resource, and have a glucose as a constituent unit. Polysaccharides containing a glucose as a constituent unit include cellulose in addition to starch ...

SHALE SWELLING INHIBITORS

The present invention provides amidic polymers, which exhibit shale swelling inhibitor activity having improved bio-degradability. The amidic polymers of the invention may be employed in a wide variety of compositions, particularly in subterranean drilling operations. Non-limiting generic structures of the amidic polymers are set out below: (1) wherein R-Rand integers m and n are defined herein. 113-. (canceled)14. An amidic polymer comprising a (a) polymer having a hydroxyl group reacted with a (c) vinyl amide to provide the amidic polymer.15. The amidic polymer according to claim 14 , wherein the (a) polymer having a hydroxyl group is selected from the group consisting of partially and fully hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol)s claim 14 , polysaccharides claim 14 , and mixtures thereof.16. The amidic polymer according to claim 15 , wherein the polysaccharides are derived from celluloses claim 15 , hydroxyethyl celluloses claim 15 , carboxymethyl celluloses claim 15 , hydroxyethyl celluloses claim 15 , hydropropyl celluloses claim 15 , hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses claim 15 , ethyl celluloses claim 15 , carageenans claim 15 , chitosans claim 15 , chondroitin sulfates claim 15 , heparins claim 15 , hyaluronic acids claim 15 , starches claim 15 , chitins claim 15 , perctins claim 15 , guars claim 15 , xanthans claim 15 , dextrans claim 15 , welan gums claim 15 , gellan gums claim 15 , diutans claim 15 , pullulana claim 15 , and mixtures thereof.17. The amidic polymer according to claim 14 , wherein the (c) vinyl amide is selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl piperidone; N-vinyl caprolactam; N-vinyl-3-methyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-4-methyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-5-methyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-3-ethyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-3-butyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-3 claim 14 ,3-dimethyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-4 claim 14 ,5-dimethyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-5 claim 14 ,5-dimethyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-3 claim 14 ,3 claim 14 ,5-trimethyl pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-5-methyl-5- ...

NANOFIBER DISPERSION, METHOD OF PRODUCING NANOFIBER DISPERSION, POWDERY NANOFIBERS OBTAINABLE FROM THE DISPERSION, RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE POWDERY NANOFIBERS AND MOLDING MATERIAL FOR 3D PRINTER USING THE RESIN COMPOSITION

The present application provides a dispersion dispersed satisfactorily cellulose nanofibers, powdery cellulose nanofibers obtained by pulverizing thereof, a resin composition obtained by blending thereof and a molding raw material for a 3D printer by using thereof. It is possible to obtain a composition uniformly finely dispersed the cellulose nanofibers by treating a mixture containing unmodified cellulose nanofibers and a dispersant using a high speed agitating Medialess disperser, and followed by pulverizing the composition to blend with a resin and a rubber component. Also, a resin composition improved in mechanical properties and heat resistance, obtained by blending the powdery cellulose nanofibers above with a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, is useful as a molding material for a 3D printer. 1. A nanofiber dispersion comprising nanofibers and a dispersant , wherein the dispersant is (meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (co)polymer or a dispersant binding thereto at least one kind selected from a group consisting of P—OH group , —COOH group , —SOH group and/or a metal salt group thereof and imidazoline group.2. The nanofiber dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofibers are cellulose nanofibers.3. The nanofiber dispersion according to claim 2 , wherein an average diameter of the cellulose nanofibers is 1.0-100 nm.4. The nanofiber dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein (meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (co)polymer constituting the dispersant is at least one kind selected from a group consisting of polymethacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine claim 1 , polybutylmethacrylatefmethacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and polystearylmethacrylate⋅methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.5. The nanofiber dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersant is at least one kind selected from a group of dispersants consisting of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid claim 1 , a salt of phosphoric acid or a salt of polyphosphoric acid ...

Polysaccharide-based hydrogel polymer and uses thereof

A method of preparing a hydrogel for delivery of an active agent. The method includes providing an aqueous solution that includes the active agent; dispersing or dissolving a gel-forming polymer in the aqueous solution to form a polymer solution; and cross-linking the polymer in the polymer solution to form the hydrogel which encapsulates the active agent.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DRIED BIO CELLULOSE

The present invention provides a method for producing dried bio-cellulose which, according to one embodiment of the present invention, prevents contamination caused by microorganisms during the transport and production processes, does not require an additional anti-microorganism system in the production process, and can reduce the cost of transport and production by being stored at room temperature for a long time. Also, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the dried bio cellulose can be used as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical material for delivering medicinal substances through prompt gelation in several seconds or minutes. 1. A dry bio-cellulose which is gelled by exposure to or contact with water for 1 second to 60 minutes ,wherein the dry bio-cellulose is produced by the method comprising the steps of:providing a bio-cellulose;dewatering the bio-cellulose in a centrifuge for 10 minutes or more;immersing the dewatered bio-cellulose in a solution containing a glycol-based compound; andsupporting the immersed bio-cellulose on nonwoven fabric or a mesh-type plastic plate and drying the supported bio-cellulose,wherein the glycol-based compound is 1,3-butylene glycol and propylene glycol,wherein the solution containing the glycol-based compound has an amount of 0.1-50 parts by weight of the glycol-based compound based on 100 parts by weight of the solution.2. The dry bio-cellulose of claim 1 , wherein the dewatered bio-cellulose is immersed in the solution containing the glycol-based compound for 1 minute to 24 hours.3. The dry bio-cellulose of claim 1 , wherein the supported bio-cellulose is dried at a temperature between −50° C. to 70° C. for 10 minutes to 72 hours.4. The dry bio-cellulose of claim 1 , wherein the solution containing the glycol-based compound further comprises at least one medicinal component selected from the group consisting of plant extracts claim 1 , vitamins and antioxidants.5. The dry bio-cellulose of claim 1 , wherein the method ...

USE OF METALLOPORPHYRINS AND SALEN COMPLEXES FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A method of decomposing an organic substrate includes identifying an organic substrate or its constituents having one or more desired or undesired properties; and contacting the organic substrate with an oxidizing agent and a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered and electronically activated metallotetraphenylporphyrins, metallophthalocyanines and metallosalen complexes in an aqueous or aqueous-organic solution to produce a treated composition comprising one or more degradation products, wherein the degradation products have one or more desired properties and/or lack the undesired properties of the organic substrate. 1. A method of decomposing an organic substrate comprising:identifying an organic substrate having one or more undesired properties; andcontacting the organic substrate with an oxidizing agent and a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered and electronically activated metallotetraphenylporphyrins, metallophthalocyanines and metallosalen complexes in an aqueous solution to produce a treated composition comprising one or more degradation products, wherein the degradation products have one or more desired properties and/or lack the undesired properties of the organic substrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic substrate is toxic and the degradation products are less toxic than the organic substrate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic substrate is an organic dye.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the degradation products are colorless.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the degradation products have increased water solubility relative to the organic substrate.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic substrate is a polymer and the degradation polymer is one or more of monomers or oligomers.7. The method of wherein the polymer comprises lignin.8. The method of wherein the polymer comprises plastics.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group ...

Carbon nanotube - polysaccharide composite

The present invention provides methods for the fabrication CNT dispersions using polysaccharides, especially hemicelluloses, and most advantageously xylan. The present invention also provides methods to isolate, and purify hemicelluloses from plant materials. The present invention provides methods and compositions for the coating of solid surfaces using CNT dispersions. One currently preferred method coating of a surface is electrospraying the CNT dispersion. The present invention provides electrically conducting materials that can replace conducting plastics, graphite, and even some metals as electrical conductors. In one embodiment the present materials can be used as stealth coatings. In another embodiment the present materials can provide shield against high frequency electromagnetic radiation, while being permeable to low frequency magnetic field. In one specific application the dispersion fabricated from double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), and xylan can be used to fabricate transparent electrically conducting films. In one embodiment of the present invention the surface films will be cross-linked, and these films can be used in multiple applications including supercapacitors.

Process for making a consumer product comprising modified polysaccharides

A process for preparing a consumer product including a chemically modified polysaccharide, where the process includes the steps of combining a slurry including polysaccharide with a reactant to form a polysaccharide-reactant mixture, where the reactant includes an ester group; combining a base with the polysaccharide-reactant mixture to form a polysaccharide-reactant-base mixture; and allowing the polysaccharide-reactant-base mixture to form a transesterified polysaccharide mixture, where the transesterified polysaccharide mixture includes an alcohol.

Crosslinked Pulps, Cellulose Ether Products Made Therefrom; and Related Methods of Making Pulps and Cellulose Ether Products

Pulps, cellulose ether products, and methods of making pulps are described.

PERMANENT ATTACHMENT OF AGENTS TO SURFACES CONTAINING C-H FUNCTIONALITY

An embodiment of the present disclosure can include a compound, a structure bonded to the compound, and the like. In an embodiment, the compound can be a linker between an agent and a structure, where the agent can be a dye or a pigment and the structure can be a fiber, hair, or another structure. In an embodiment, the compound can be a linker between an agent and a structure, where the agent can be a fluorinated compound and the structure can be a counter top, metal, or the like. 1. A compound comprising:R1-(C═O)—R2-X—W, where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; X is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR3, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a S group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of: a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; and wherein W is a pigment or a dye.2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein one of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein both of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein one of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein both of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.6. An article comprising:R1-(C(Struc)OH)—R2-X—W, where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; X is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR3, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a S group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, ...

Functionalizing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials

Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.

Cellulose fiber molded product and method for manufacturing the same

To provide a cellulose fiber molded product having improved tensile elastic modulus, preferably a cellulose fiber molded product also having improved tensile strength, and a method for manufacturing the same. A cellulose fiber molded product contains cellulose fibers as the main component, in which the cellulose fibers contain pulp and defibrated fibers, and the defibrated fibers contain microfibrillated cellulose. For manufacturing the molded product, a cellulose fiber slurry is prepared using the pulp and the defibrated fibers, wet paper is formed from the cellulose fiber slurry, and the wet paper is dehydrated, pressurized, and heated. At this time, as the defibrated fibers, microfibrillated cellulose, or microfibrillated cellulose and cellulose nanofibers are used.

POLYMER HYDROGELS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a polymer hydrogel, comprising cross-linking a precursor comprising a hydrophilic polymer optionally in combination with a second hydrophilic polymer, using a polycarboxylic acid as the cross-linking agent. The invention further concerns the polymer hydrogel obtainable by the method of the invention and the use thereof in a number of different applications. 1. A method for preparing a polymer hydrogel , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 4', '12, '(a) providing an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic polymer and a polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, wherein said polycarboxylic acid is a C-C-dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid or a tetracarboxylic acid; and'}(b) maintaining the solution of step (a) under conditions suitable for cross-linking of the hydrophilic polymer by the polycarboxylic acid; thereby forming a polymer hydrogel.251-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/150,430, filed on Jan. 8, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/703,286 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,658,147), filed Feb. 10, 2010, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2008/006582, which designated the United States and was filed on Aug. 8, 2008, published in English, which is a continuation-in-part of International n Application No. PCT/IT2007/000584, which designated the United States and was filed on Aug. 10, 2007, published in English. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to polymer hydrogels and methods of preparation thereof.Polymer hydrogels are cross-linked hydrophilic polymers which are capable of absorbing high amounts of water. In particular, cross-linked polymer hydrogels capable of absorbing an amount of water in excess of 10 times their dry weight are defined as “superabsorbent”. Some of these materials are even capable of absorbing over 1 litre of water ...

POROUS CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance. 5. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio of cyclodextrin moieties to aryl moieties ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:X claim 2 , wherein X is three times the average number of glucose subunits in the cyclodextrin moieties.6. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from the group consisting of α- claim 2 , β- claim 2 , γ-cyclodextrin claim 2 , and combinations thereof.7. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the cyclodextrin moieties comprise β-cyclodextrin.8. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 7 , wherein the cyclodextrin moieties comprise β-cyclodextrin and the ratio of β-cyclodextrin moieties to crosslinking moieties is 1:1 to 1:21.9. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the mesoporous polymeric material has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 50 m/g to 2000 m/g.10. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of cyclodextrin moieties to aryl moieties ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:X claim 3 , wherein X is three times the average number of glucose subunits in the cyclodextrin moieties.11. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 3 , wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from ...

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS MODIFIED NANOCELLULOSE AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of essential oil modified nanocellulose and applications thereof. The invention further provides a process wherein the essential oil is covalently bonded with the nanocellulose such that the essential oil does not leach out. The edible coatings comprising the developed essential oil modified nanocellulose thus exhibit a prolonged antimicrobial effect. 1. A process for the preparation of essential oil modified nanocellulose wherein the steps comprising:a) treating cotton rag with a base at a temperature in the range of 70-90 degree C. for a time period in the range of 2 to 4 hours to form alkali treated cotton rag;b) subjecting bleaching treatment on the cotton rag of step (a) by using acetate buffer and sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide at a temperature in the range of 70-90 degree C. for a period of 2 hours; repeating the process for 2 to 3 times to make the fibers white and washing with distilled water until pH becomes neutral to form washed bleached pulp;c) grinding the pulp obtained in step (b) to form cellulose nanofibers (CNF);d) dispersing the cellulose nanofibers obtained in step (c) in water to form suspension;e) adding 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), sodium bromide (NaBr) and sodium hypochlorite into suspension of step (d), adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to 10-11 followed by stirring at a temperature of 30 degree C. for the time period of 4 to 5 hours to obtain TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TO-CNF);f) adding borane dimethylsulfide (BH3-SMe2) or BH3 into essential oil solution in solvent preferably tetrahydrofuran (THF); stirring the resulting mixture at a temperature of 0 to minus 5 degree C. for a period of 1 to 2 hours and further stirring the reaction mixture at a temperature of 25 to 30 degree C. for a period ranging from 1 to 2 hours to form reaction mixture;{'sub': 2', '2, 'g) cooling the reaction mixture of step (f) to a temperature in the range of 0 ...

Dissolution of Oxidized Cellulose and Particle Preparation by Cross-Linking With Multivalent Cations

A process for dissolving modified cellulose includes contacting modified cellulose solution with at least one multivalent cation to form a plurality of modified cellulose particles. 117-. (canceled)18. A process for forming a composition comprising:forming an oxidized cellulose solution;forming a cationic composition cross-linkable with the oxidized cellulose solution; andcontacting the oxidized cellulose solution and the cationic composition at a treatment site thereby forming an ionically cross-linked gel.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the formation of the oxidized cellulose solution comprises:contacting an oxidized cellulose with a solvent under an inert atmosphere to form a swelled oxidized cellulose;adjusting the swelled oxidized cellulose mixture to a first temperature;contacting the swelled oxidized cellulose mixture with a salt under the inert atmosphere to form an oxidized cellulose solution; andadjusting the oxidized cellulose solution to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the oxidized cellulose solution has a pH from about 8.0 to about 9.5.21. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the cationic composition is an aqueous solution of chitosan having a pH from about 2.0 to about 6.0.22. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the cationic composition is an aqueous solution of at least one multivalent cation.23. The process according to claim 22 , wherein the at least one multivalent cation is selected from the group consisting of cations of calcium claim 22 , barium claim 22 , zinc claim 22 , magnesium claim 22 , chromium claim 22 , platinum claim 22 , and iron.24. The process according to claim 18 , further comprising convergently applying the oxidized cellulose solution and the cationic composition onto the treatment site.25. A process for forming a composition comprising:forming an oxidized cellulose solution;forming a gelation composition; andcontacting ...

COMPOUNDS AND CONJUGATES FOR IDENTIFYING AND SEPARATING POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED ANALYTES

Disclosed herein are embodiments of compounds, conjugates, and devices, such as columns comprising such compounds and/or conjugates, that can be used to identify, separate, and quantify post-translationally modified analytes. The disclosed compounds and conjugates can be used to discriminate between analytes, such as peptides, having different post-translation modifications, such as methylations, phosphorylations, acetylations, citrullinations, hydroxylations, nitrosylations, ADP-ribosylations, glycosylations, propionylations, butyrylations, crotonylations, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylations, malonylations, succinylations, formylations, ubiquitinations, neddylations, proline cis-trans isomerizations. In particular disclosed embodiments, the compounds and conjugates can be used to separate peptides having different degrees of methylation. 2. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the support component comprises a resin claim 1 , a bead claim 1 , a polymeric matrix claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , a powder claim 1 , a crystalline compound claim 1 , an amorphous compound claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the support component comprises agarose claim 1 , sepharose claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , modified cellulose claim 1 , dextran claim 1 , polyacrylamide claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , latex claim 1 , bonded silica gel claim 1 , silica based solid claim 1 , activated alumina claim 1 , a polysaccharide polymer claim 1 , a resinous polymer claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein one or more of A claim 1 , E claim 1 , G claim 1 , J claim 1 , L claim 1 , M claim 1 , N claim 1 , and Q is —N(R)(wherein Rindependently is hydrogen claim 1 , aliphatic claim 1 , heteroaliphatic claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , or heteroaryl) claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , —NRC(O)-aryl (wherein Rindependently is hydrogen claim 1 , aliphatic claim 1 , heteroaliphatic claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , or heteroaryl) claim 1 , —NRC(O)- ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FIBRILLATION OF CELLULOSE CONTAINING MATERIALS

In a method for manufacturing fibril cellulose, cellulose based fibre raw material is processed mechanically in a refining gap for separating fibrils. The fibres to be refined are subjected to the action of a surface roughness Ra provided by grits elevated from a refining surface delimiting the refining gap, said surface roughness being lower than 3 μm, advantageously lower than 2 μm. The refining surface is formed by spraying grits and binder onto a substrate. 1. A method for manufacturing fibril cellulose , comprising:processing cellulose based fiber raw material mechanically in a refining gap;delimiting the refining gap by a refining surface having a surface roughness Ra lower than 3 μm, said surface roughness being provided by grits elevated from the refining surface;subjecting the fibers to be refined to action of the surface roughness Ra provided by said grits; andseparating fibrils by means of the action of said surface roughness.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprisesdelimiting the refining gap by two refining surfaces having each a surface roughness Ra lower than 3 μm, said surface roughness being provided by grits elevated from the refining surface, andsubjecting the fibers to the action of the surface roughness Ra provided by said grits elevated from both refining surfaces delimiting the refining gap.31 μm.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the surface roughness Ra in the refining surface is between 0.5 and4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulp to be refined is supplied into the refining gap by applying constant volumetric supply claim 1 , and a closing force for the gap is applied for setting the refining gap.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pulp to be refined is supplied into several refining gaps in parallel.6. An apparatus for manufacturing fibril cellulose claim 1 , comprising refining surfaces and a refining gap formed between them claim 1 , as well as means for supplying pulp to be ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGELS

The present invention provides a method of producing a polymer hydrogel comprising the steps of: (1) preparing an aqueous solution of a water soluble polysaccharide derivative and a polycarboxylic acid; (2) optionally agitating the solution, for example, by stirring; (3) isolating a polysaccharide derivative/polycarboxylic acid composite from the solution; and (4) heating the polysaccharide derivative/polycarboxylic acid composite at a temperature of at least about 80° C., thereby cross-linking the polysaccharide with the polycarboxylic acid. The invention also provides polymer hydrogels produced by the methods of the invention. 1. A method for producing a polymer hydrogel , comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous solution of a water soluble polysaccharide derivative and an amount of polycarboxylic acid less than about 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of the polysaccharide derivative; (b) agitating the solution; (c) isolating a polysaccharide derivative/polycarboxylic acid composite from the solution; and (d) heating the polysaccharide derivative/polycarboxylic acid composite at a temperature of at least about 80° C. , thereby cross-linking the polysaccharide with the polycarboxylic acid.222-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/773,164 filed on Jan. 27, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/139,896, filed on Apr. 27, 2016, (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,544,233), which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/491,197, filed on Jun. 7, 2012 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,353,191), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/494,298, filed on Jun. 7, 2011 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/542,494, filed on Oct. 3, 2011. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.Polymer hydrogels are cross-linked hydrophilic polymers which are capable of absorbing and retaining large amounts of water. Certain of these materials are capable of ...

Method for Producing Hydrogels Coupling High Elastic Modulus and Absorbance

The present invention provides crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose having high elastic modulus coupled with high absorbance capacity when swollen in simulated gastric fluid/water (1:8) and simulated intestinal fluids. The invention further provides methods of making the crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, compositions comprising the crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose and methods of using the crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, for example, for treating overweight or obesity or for enhancing glycemic control. 1. A citric acid crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose , which is produced by a method comprising crosslinking carboxymethylcellulose with citric acid , wherein said carboxymethylcellulose has a viscosity as a 1% (wt/wt) aqueous solution at 25° C. of greater than 6000 cps and a polydispersity index less than 8.253-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/812,767, filed on Mar. 9, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/220,598, filed on Dec. 14, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,584,183, issued Mar. 10, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/010,626, filed on Jan. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,179,824, issued Jan. 15, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/109,392, filed on Jan. 29, 2015. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.Polymer hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers which are capable of absorbing and retaining large amounts of water. Certain of these materials are capable of absorbing over 1 kg of water per gram of dry polymer. The cross-links between the macromolecular chains form a network which guarantees the structural integrity of the polymer-liquid system and prevents the complete solubilisation of the polymer while allowing the retention of the aqueous phase within the molecular mesh. Polymer hydrogels having a particularly large capacity to retain water are referred to as superabsorbent ...

Biodegradable microspheres incorporating radionuclides

A crosslinked CCN/CMC microsphere comprising a stably incorporated radionuclide. The microsphere can be prepared by droplet microfluidics and used in a method for radiation treatment comprising the administration of microspheres with incorporated radionuclide.

POROUS CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance. 1. A mesoporous polymeric material comprising one or more cyclodextrins crosslinked with at least an equimolar amount of one or more aryl compounds that can react with a cyclodextrin to form an aryl ether bond , wherein the one or more aryl compounds are substituted with 2 or more chloride groups.2. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds are substituted with 2-4 chloride groups.3. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds comprise C-Chydrocarbon aryl or heteroaryl rings substituted with 2 or more chloride groups.4. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds comprise phenyl substituted with 2 or more chloride groups.5. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 3 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds is a chloro-substituted terephthalonitrile.6. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds further comprise one or more electron-withdrawing groups selected from the group consisting of —F claim 2 , —NO claim 2 , and —CN.7. The mesoporous polymeric material of claim 3 , wherein the one or more aryl compounds further comprise one or more electron-withdrawing groups ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANTIMICROBIAL CELLULOSE FIBER, FIBER PRODUCED BY THE METHOD AND FABRIC USING THE FIBER

A method for producing an antimicrobial cellulose fiber. The method includes reacting a reactive compound with an antimicrobial agent to prepare a reactive antimicrobial compound, chemically fixing the reactive antimicrobial compound to a cellulose fiber through chemical bonding between the reactive compound and the cellulose fiber, and stabilizing the cellulose fiber structure. Further disclosed is an antimicrobial cellulose fiber produced by the method. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber is a human friendly material that has excellent antimicrobial activity and deodorizing performance. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber can be manufactured in the form of raw cotton, sliver, roving yarn, spun yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, etc. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber may be blended with other fibers, such as natural fibers and synthetic fibers. 1. A method for producing an antimicrobial cellulose fiber , the method comprising:reacting an antimicrobial agent with at least one reactive compound selected from the group consisting of triazine compounds, pyrimidine compounds, quinoxaline compounds, vinyl sulfone compounds, epoxy compounds, urethane compounds and acrylamide compounds to prepare a reactive antimicrobial compound;chemically fixing the reactive antimicrobial compound to a cellulose fiber through chemical bonding between the reactive compound and the cellulose fiber such that the reactive antimicrobial compound is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight with respect to the weight of the cellulose fiber; andstabilizing the cellulose fiber structure by reaction with a metal compound or heat treatment.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of: natural antimicrobial agents claim 1 , comprising macrolides claim 1 , aminoglycosides claim 1 , cephems claim 1 , penicillins claim 1 , chitosans claim 1 , chitins claim 1 , hyaluronic acids claim 1 , alginic acids claim 1 , ...

RESIN MODIFIER AND RESIN COMPOSITION USING SAME

Provided are: a resin modifier which is capable of imparting a resin with excellent moisture resistance, dimensional stability and optical properties; and a resin composition including the same. The resin modifier contains a compound represented by the following Formula (1): 2. The resin modifier according to claim 1 , wherein said R claim 1 , Rand Rof said compound represented by said Formula (1) are each a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms claim 1 , or a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which has at least one atom selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom claim 1 , a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.3. The resin modifier according to claim 1 , which is used in a thermoplastic resin.4. The resin modifier according to claim 2 , which is used in a thermoplastic resin.5. The resin modifier according to claim 3 , wherein said thermoplastic resin is a cellulose-based resin.6. The resin modifier according to claim 4 , wherein said thermoplastic resin is a cellulose-based resin.7. A resin composition comprising the resin modifier according to . The present invention relates to a resin modifier (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “modifier”) and a resin composition comprising the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to: a resin modifier which is capable of imparting a resin with excellent moisture resistance, dimensional stability and optical properties; and a resin composition comprising the same.In recently years, resin films such as cellulose acylate films, polycarbonate films, polyacrylate films and polyolefin films have been used mainly as polarizing plate protective films and optical compensation films for liquid crystal display devices. Thereamong, cellulose acylate films have been widely used because of their excellent adhesiveness with polyvinyl alcohols used in polarizers as well as high transparency and appropriate strength.However, cellulose acylate films have high moisture permeability and thus have a ...

ANODE FOR HIGH-ENERGY BATTERIES

Anode comprising an anode material, a protective material and a current collector is provided. The anode material is a mixture comprising an active material, at least one electronically conductive agent and at least one binder. The active material may be an alloy of silicon and lithium or an alloy of silicon oxide and lithium. There is provided a process for the preparation of the anode. Also, there is provided use of the anode in the fabrication of a battery. 145-. (canceled)46. An anode comprising: a metal foil , a film of anode material , and at least one protective film.47. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the metal foil is a copper foil claim 46 , an aluminum foil or an aluminum and carbon foil.48. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the film of anode material is deposited on the metal foil claim 46 , and the at least one protective film is deposited on the anode material.49. The anode of claim 48 , wherein the metal foil is an aluminum foil claim 48 , and in a lithium battery when the anode undergoes a cycle claim 48 , a lithium-aluminum alloy is formed at the interface between the film of anode material and the aluminum foil.50. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the at least one protective film comprises a first protective film and a second protective film claim 46 , wherein the first protective film is deposited on the metal foil claim 46 , the film of anode material is deposited on the first protective film claim 46 , and the second protective film deposited on the film of anode material.51. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the metal foil has a thickness of about 5 to 25 μm.52. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the film of anode material has a thickness of about 5 to 150 μm.53. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the protective film has a thickness of about 1 to 5 μm.54. The anode of claim 46 , wherein the metal foil has a thickness of about 5 to 25 μm claim 46 , wherein the film of anode material has a thickness of about 5 to 150 μm claim 46 , wherein the protective ...

MODIFIED BIOPOLYMERS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING AND USING THE SAM

Modified biopolymers, such as, charge-modified biopolymers, cross-linked biopolymers, and cross-linked, charged modified biopolymers are provided along with methods of producing and using the same. 1. A method for producing a cross-linked , charge-modified biopolymer comprising:combining a biopolymer and a plasticizer to form a homogenous reaction blend, wherein the homogenous reaction blend comprises a plasticized biopolymer;reacting the plasticized biopolymer and at least one charge-modifying agent in the homogenous reaction blend to form a charge-modified biopolymer; andcross-linking the charge-modified biopolymer to form a cross-linked, charge-modified biopolymer,wherein the cross-linked, charge modified starch is free of crystalline domains.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining step further comprises combining a catalyst with the biopolymer and the plasticizer to form the homogenous reaction blend.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking step further comprises reacting the charge-modified biopolymer with at least one cross-linking agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer comprises at least two different biopolymers.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer has a net positive charge.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining step comprises melt blending the biopolymer and the plasticizer using a reactive extrusion process.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is carried out in an extruder.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer is in the form of a particle have a diameter in a range of about 10 microns to about 1000 microns.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting and/or cross-linking step(s) is/are carried out at a temperature in a range of about 80° C. to about 150° C.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the cross-linked claim 1 , charge-modified biopolymer at a temperature in a range of ...

HYDROXYETHYLPYRROLIDONE ETHACRYLATE/GLYCIDYL ETHACRYLATE COPOLYMERS

This application provides reactive, flexible, water-resistant hydroxyethylpyrrolidone methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate copolymers having the structure: 3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein a and b are numbers claim 1 , mole % claim 1 , ranging from about 5 to about 95.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the sum of a and b is a number claim 1 , mole % claim 1 , ranging from about 40 to about 99.99.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the surface-active moiety is selected from the group consisting of organic claim 1 , modified inorganic claim 1 , and modified allotrope moieties.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the surface-active moiety comprises a reactive functionality selected from the group consisting of —COOH claim 1 , —OH claim 1 , amine claim 1 , amide claim 1 , acid amides claim 1 , imide claim 1 , aldehydic claim 1 , carbanion claim 1 , thiol claim 1 , epoxy claim 1 , nitrile claim 1 , oxetane claim 1 , aziridine claim 1 , isocyante claim 1 , oxazoline claim 1 , oxazine claim 1 , phosphoric claim 1 , sulfuric claim 1 , sulfonic claim 1 , boric claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the organic moiety is selected from the group consisting of natural claim 5 , semisynthetic and synthetic moieties.8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the natural moiety is selected from the group consisting of polysaccharide claim 7 , modified polysaccharide claim 7 , biofunctional peptide claim 7 , protein claim 7 , glycol-protein claim 7 , lipo-protein claim 7 , polypeptide claim 7 , DNA claim 7 , RNA claim 7 , and a pharmaceutical active.9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the polysaccharide moiety is selected from the group consisting of starch claim 8 , galactomannan claim 8 , agar claim 8 , pectin claim 8 , natural gum claim 8 , polydextrose claim 8 , xanthan gum claim 8 , carboxymethyl cellulose claim 8 , hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 8 , ...

CELLULOSE ACETATE AEROGELS

Mechanically strong, biodegradable and reusable aerogels are disclosed, which can be made with a cross-linked cellulose ester, and which exhibit a low density and high porosity. The aerogels disclosed herein may be used as sorbent materials and can be modified with a hydrophobic and/or oleophilic agent. 1. An aerogel comprising a cross-linked cellulose ester having a degree of substitution of from about 1.0 to about 2.8 ,wherein the aerogel has a bulk density of from about 1 mg/cc to about 500 mg/cc, and{'sub': 1', '10, 'wherein the cellulose ester is a (C-C)alkyl-C(O)-functionalized cellulose.'}2. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the degree of substitution of the cellulose ester is from about 1.8 to about 2.6.3. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose ester is cellulose acetate claim 1 , cellulose acetate propionate claim 1 , cellulose acetate butyrate or a combination thereof.4. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose ester is cross-linked via an ester claim 1 , ether or urethane linkage.5. The aerogel of claim 4 , comprising a cross-linking agent at from about 1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %.6. The aerogel of claim 4 , comprising the cellulose ester at from about 85 wt. % to about 99 wt. %.7. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of a C-Caromatic anhydride claim 1 , a (C-C)cycloalkyl anhydride claim 1 , a bis(halo(C-C)alkyl)-(C-C)aromatic claim 1 , a bis(halo(C-C)alkyl)(C-C)cycloalkyl claim 1 , a bis(isocyanato(C-C)alkyl)(C-C)aromatic claim 1 , or a bis(isocyanato(C-C)alkyl)(C-C)cycloalkyl.8. The aerogel of claim 7 , wherein the cross-linking agent is PMDA.9. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the aerogel has the capacity to absorb at least about 20 grams of water per gram of aerogel.10. The aerogel of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrophobic agent.11. The aerogel of claim 10 , wherein the hydrophobic agent is selected from at least one of a C-Calkyl silane claim 10 , a C-Ccycloalkyl silane claim 10 , an ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING FIBROUS POLYPEPTIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed. 1. A composite comprising resilin and cellulose , wherein said cellulose is in the form of whiskers.2. A composite comprising a fibrous polypeptide and cellulose , said fibrous polypeptide comprising a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain , the composite being non-immobilized , wherein said cellulose is in the form of whiskers.3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said resilin comprises a cellulose binding domain.4. The composite of claim 2 , wherein said fibrous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of mussel byssus protein claim 2 , resilin claim 2 , silkworm silk protein claim 2 , spider silk protein claim 2 , collagen claim 2 , elastin and fragments thereof.5. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising an additional polypeptide being selected from the group consisting of mussel byssus protein claim 1 , silkworm silk protein claim 1 , spider silk protein claim 1 , collagen claim 1 , elastin and fragments thereof.6. The composite of being crosslinked.7. The composite of being non-crosslinked.8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein said resilin comprises at least two repeating units of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45.9. A method of generating the composite of claim 1 , the method comprising contacting resilin with cellulose whiskers claim 1 , thereby generating the isolated composite of .10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising crosslinking said composite following said contacting so as to form dityrosine bonds in said resilin.11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising coating said composite with an additional fibrous polypeptide claim 10 , said coating being effected following said crosslinking the composite.12. The method claim 9 , further comprising binding said ...

GRAFTED CROSSLINKED CELLULOSE

Grafted, crosslinked cellulosic materials include cellulose fibers and polymer chains composed of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid group-containing monomer (such as acrylic acid) grafted thereto, in which one or more of said cellulose fibers and said polymer chains are crosslinked (such as by intra-fiber chain-to-chain crosslinks). Some of such materials are characterized by a wet bulk of about 10.0-17.0 cm/g, an IPRP value of about 1000 to 7700 cm/MPa·sec, and/or a MAP value of about 7.0 to 38 cm HO. Methods for producing such materials may include grafting polymer chains from a cellulosic substrate, followed by treating the grafted material with a crosslinking agent adapted to effect crosslinking of one or more of the cellulosic substrate or the polymer chains. Example crosslinking mechanisms include esterfication reactions, ionic reactions, and radical reactions, and example crosslinking agents include pentaerythritol, homopolymers of the graft species monomer, and hyperbranched polymers. 1. A cellulosic material comprising a cellulose fiber and polymer chains composed of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid group-containing monomer grafted thereto , wherein one or more of said cellulose fiber and said polymer chains are intra-fiber crosslinked , and wherein at a given IPRP value (in cm/MPa·sec) from 800 to 5400 , the material has an MAP value (in cm HO) higher than the corresponding MAP value possessed by non-grafted , crosslinked cellulose fiber.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid group-containing monomer includes acrylic acid.3. The material of claim 1 , characterized by a graft yield of 5-35 weight %.4. The material of claim 3 , characterized by a graft yield of 10-20 weight %.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a wet bulk at least 6% greater than untreated cellulose fiber.6. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a wet bulk of about 10.0-17.0 cm/g.7. ...

POROUS CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl fluoride is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile claim 1 , decafluorobiphenyl claim 1 , octafluoronaphthalene claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises decafluorobiphenyl.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises octafluoronaphthalene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beverage is a fruit juice.12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fruit juice is orange juice.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting is for a time sufficient to substantially remove the flavorant from the beverage.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flavorant is a compound that impacts the palatability of the beverage.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the ...

CROSSLINKED PROPPANT-GEL MATRIX

A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising: a) hydrating a gelling agent to form a hydrated gelling agent; b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent having a pH in the range of 11.5 to 14.0; c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; and d) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to form the proppant-gel matrix, is disclosed. The proppant-gel matrix can then be used as a fracturing fluid in a hydraulic fracturing process. 1. A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising:a) hydrating a gelling agent to form a hydrated gelling agent;b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent;c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; andd) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to crosslink the proppant with the gelling agent to form a proppant-gel matrix.2. A method in accordance with wherein the gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of guar gum claim 1 , hydroxypropyl guar claim 1 , hydroxyethyl guar claim 1 , carboxymethyl guar claim 1 , carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar claim 1 , carboxymethylhydroxyethyl guar claim 1 , hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 1 , carboxyethylcellulose claim 1 , carboxymethylcellulose claim 1 , carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose claim 1 , agar claim 1 , alginic acid claim 1 , sodium alginate claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , gum arabic claim 1 , gum ghatti claim 1 , gum tragacanth claim 1 , karaya gum claim 1 , locust bean gum claim 1 , beta-glucan claim 1 , chicle gum claim 1 , dammar gum claim 1 , glucomannan claim 1 , mastic gum claim 1 , psyllium seed husks claim 1 , spruce gum claim 1 , tara gum claim 1 , gellan gum claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. A method in accordance with wherein the proppant is selected from the group consisting of ...

Microcarriers, Matrices And Scaffolds For Culturing Mammalian Cells And Methods Of Manufacture

Microcarriers, matrices and scaffolds for growing mammalian cells are provided which include copolymer particles and matrices comprising of polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers. The copolymeric particles and matrices have a pore size of at least 50 microns and permit the mammalian cells to grow both on an exterior surface of the particles and matrices and within an interior of the particles and matrices. Methods for making such microcarriers, matrices and scaffolds, and compositions are also provided. Methods for growing mammalian cells utilizing such microcarriers, matrices and scaffolds and compositions are also provided. 1. A method of producing polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymers , the method comprising the steps of:providing an oxidized polysaccharide or oxidized glycoprotein having aldehyde moieties;reacting the oxidized polysaccharide or oxidized glycoprotein with an amino polymer to form a polymer containing imine derivatives; andconverting the imine derivatives on the polymer to amines to form the polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymers, the polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymers having an amino functionality which will provide a cationic copolymeric material having a three-dimensional structure with cationic sites when protonated.2. The method of wherein the polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymers are di-block copolymers.3. The method of any one of wherein the aldehyde moieties are generated by selectively oxidizing hydroxyl groups on C2 and C3 of glucose units and the oxidation does not produce more carboxyl groups than aldehyde groups or cause cleavage of a polysaccharide chain.4. The method of further comprising the step of drying the polysaccharide-polyamine copolymers or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymers to form polysaccharide-polyamine copolymer particles or glycoprotein-polyamine copolymer particles.5. The method of ...

MANUFACTURING OF MICROCELLULOSE

The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising a) acidifying fibrous cellulosic material, b) washing the acidified cellulosic material, c) optionally dewatering the washed cellulosic material, and d) hydrolyzing the washed or washed and dewatered cellulosic material under acidic conditions at a temperature of at least 120° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose. 1. A process for producing microcellulose comprisinga) acidifying fibrous cellulosic material,b) washing the acidified cellulosic material,c) optionally dewatering the washed cellulosic material, andd) hydrolyzing the washed or washed and dewatered cellulosic material under acidic conditions at a temperature of at least 120° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic material is acidified to a pH value of 4 or below 4 claim 1 , preferably 3 or below 3 claim 1 , more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous cellulosic material is acidified with a mineral acid claim 1 , preferably sulphuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , sodium bisulphate or sodium bisulphate.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the acidification step is less than 120° C. claim 1 , preferably between 10 and 90° C. claim 1 , more preferably between 20 and 70° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidification time is from 10 to 90 minutes claim 1 , preferably from 15 to 60 minutes.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in the hydrolysis the own acidity of the cellulosic material is utilized.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in step d is between 120 and 185° C. claim 1 , preferably between 150 and 180° C. claim 1 , more preferably between 155 and 175° C.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the consistency of the cellulosic ...

CEMENTITIOUS TILE ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING CROSSLINKED CELLULOSE ETHERS FOR MORTARS WITH ENHANCED GEL-STRENGTH

The present invention provides cementitious tile adhesives comprising ordinary Portland cement, sand or another inorganic filler, and from 0.12 to 0.6 wt. % of total solids of one or more polyether group containing crosslinked cellulose ethers. The present invention also provides methods of making the polyether group containing crosslinked cellulose ethers comprising crosslinking a cellulose ether at 90° C. or less, in an inert atmosphere, e.g. nitrogen, in the presence of a polyether group containing crosslinking agent and in the presence of alkali; the process may comprise part of a stepwise addition process of making of a cellulose ether itself in which the crosslinking of the cellulose ethers precedes at least one addition of alkyl halide or alkylene oxide to form, respectively, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups on the cellulose. 1. A dry mix composition for use in making cementitious tile adhesives or mortars comprising from 20 to 35 wt. % of ordinary portland cement , from 64.7 to 79.9 wt. % of sand or an inorganic filler , and one or more crosslinked cellulose ethers containing polyether groups in the amount of from 0.12 to 0.6 wt. % of total solids.2. The dry mix composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more crosslinked cellulose ethers is a mixed cellulose ether that contains hydroxyalkyl groups and alkyl ether groups.3. The dry mix composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the one or more crosslinked cellulose ethers is chosen from hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (NEMC) claim 2 , hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) claim 2 , methyl hydroxyethyl hydroxypropylcellulose (MHEHPC) claim 2 , and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC).4. The dry mix composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyether group in the crosslinked cellulose ethers is a polyoxyalkylene which has from 2 to 100 oxyalkylene groups.5. The dry mix composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyether group in the crosslinked cellulose ethers is a ...

COATING COMPOSITION, COATING AND ARTICLE

A coating composition is disclosed comprising nitrocellulose and a compound according to Formula 1 (I) dissolved in an organic solvent: wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups and Ris an alkyl group comprising a primary or secondary amine group. Also disclosed are a coating formed from such a coating composition, an article coated with such a coating and a method of coating an article with such a coating. 2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is methoxypropanol or a solvent mixture comprising methoxypropanol and xylene.3. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein R-Rare ethyl or methyl groups.4. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein Ris selected from{'sub': 2', 'n', '2', '2', 'p', '2', '4', 'q', '2', 'r', '2, '—(CH)NHand —(CH)NH(CHNH)—(CH)NH, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 6, p is an integer from 1 to 3, q is an integer from 0 to 3 and r is an integer from 1 to 3.'}6. The coating composition of claim 5 , wherein a weight ratio between the compound of Formula 1 and the compound of Formula 2 in the coating composition ranges from 1:2 to 2:1.7. The coating composition of claim 1 , further comprising a metal alkoxide dissolved in the organic solvent claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from aluminum claim 1 , zirconium or titanium.9. The coating composition of wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups.10. The coating composition of wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups and wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups.11. The coating composition of wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups and wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups and wherein R-Rare individually selected from C-Clinear or branched alkyl groups.12. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is substantially free of water. ...

PROCESSES FOR MAKING CELLULOSE WITH VERY LOW LIGNIN CONTENT FOR GLUCOSE, HIGH-PURITY CELLULOSE, OR CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES

In some variations, the invention provides a process for producing purified cellulose, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass; contacting the feedstock with sulfur dioxide, water, and a solvent for lignin, to produce intermediate solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin; mildly bleaching the intermediate solids to further delignify the intermediate solids, thereby generating cellulose-rich solids; and washing the cellulose-rich solids to generate purified cellulose with less than 2 weight percent lignin. The bleaching may employ bleaching agents including lignin-modifying enzymes. The bleaching and washing steps may be combined. It is also possible to carry out bleaching prior to, or simultaneously with, biomass fractionation in the digestor, which may help reduce downstream lignin precipitation. The purified cellulose may be utilized for making cellulose materials or cellulose derivatives, or for hydrolysis to produce glucose. 1. A process for producing purified cellulose , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass;(b) contacting said feedstock with sulfur dioxide or sulfurous acid, water, and a solvent for lignin, to produce delignified intermediate solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin;(c) bleaching said intermediate solids to further delignify said intermediate solids, thereby generating cellulose-rich solids;(d) washing said cellulose-rich solids to generate purified cellulose; and(e) recovering said purified cellulose.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said bleaching is conducted with one or more chemicals selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite claim 1 , calcium hypochlorite claim 1 , chlorine dioxide claim 1 , ozone claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , sodium percarbonate claim 1 , sodium perborate claim 1 , organic peroxides claim 1 , peracetic acid claim 1 , sodium dithionite claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The ...

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites. 1. A nanocellulose composition comprising nanocrystalline cellulose with a cellulose crystallinity of about 80% or greater , wherein said nanocellulose composition contains lignin , and wherein said nanocrystalline cellulose is characterized by a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle length and a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle width.2. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said cellulose crystallinity is about 85% or greater.3. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by an average cellulose degree of polymerization from about 100 to about 1000.4. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by a cellulose degree of polymerization distribution having a single peak.5. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is not derived from tunicates.6. The ...

CELLULOSE POWDER

This cellulose powder has: an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 350; a weight average particle size of over 30 gm, but less than 250 μm; an apparent specific volume of 2 to less than 15 cm/g; and an organic carbon content from residual impurities, which is defined by the total organic carbon content (%) during 1% NaOH extraction to the total organic carbon content (%) during pure water extraction, of over 0.07 to 0.3%. 1. A cellulose powder having an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 350 , a weight average particle size of more than 30 um and 250 um or less , an apparent specific volume of 2 to 15 cm/g , and an amount of organic carbon derived from residual impurities of more than 0.07 and 0.3% or less , the amount of organic carbon derived from residual impurities being defined by the expression: amount of total organic carbon (%) during extraction with aqueous solution of 1% NaOH−amount of total organic carbon (%) during extraction with pure water.2. The cellulose powder according to claim 1 , wherein the apparent specific volume is 2 to 6 cm/g.3. The cellulose powder according to claim 1 , wherein the apparent specific volume is 2 cm/g or more and less than 4 cm/g.4. The cellulose powder according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein an intraparticle pore volume is 0.1 cm/g or more and less than 0.265 cm/g.5. The cellulose powder according to claim 1 , wherein a water absorption capacity is 1.8 to 4.0 cm/g.6. A molded article claim 1 , comprising a cellulose powder according to any one of to .7. The molded article according to claim 6 , wherein the molded article contains one or more active ingredients.8. A method of preparing a cellulose powder claim 6 , comprising:{'sup': '3', 'hydrolyzing a natural cellulose substance at a hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.05 to 0.3% at a hydrolysis temperature of 80 to 150° C. for a hydrolysis time of 40 to 150 minutes to control a volume average particle size of particles in a cellulose dispersion liquid ...

SUSTAINABLE AEROGELS AND USES THEREOF

Highly porous, lightweight, and sustainable organosilane-coated organic aerogels with ultra-low densities and excellent material properties and methods for preparing them are provided. The aerogels are modified to have a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface, thus leading to an extremely high affinity for oils and/or organic solvents. 1. An aerogel comprising:cellulose fibrils and/or crystals, andorganosilyl groups covalently attached to one or more surfaces of the aerogel, whereincellulose fibrils and/or crystals are optionally cross-linked, andthe aerogel exhibits a contact angle of at least about 110°.2. The aerogel of further comprising a water-soluble organic polymer claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is cross-linked to itself and/or to the cellulose fibrils and/or crystals.3. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the aerogel has a contact angle of at least about 120°.4. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the aerogel has a density ranging from about 5 kg mto about 100 kg m.5. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose fibrils and/or crystals are cellulose nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals.6. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose fibrils and/or crystals are cellulose microfibrils and/or microcrystals.7. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.8. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic polymer is polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polyethylene glycol claim 1 , polyacrylamide claim 1 , polyacrylic acid claim 1 , polymethacrylic acid claim 1 , or a combination of any two or more thereof.9. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic polymer has a weight-average molecular weight ranging from about 10 claim 1 ,000 to about 150 claim 1 ,000 Da.10. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol.11. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic polymer is a thermoset polymer.12. The aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the water- ...

Silica Compositions

Compositions are provided, the compositions comprising: a silica compound containing at least one nitrogen atom; and a carboxylated polymer containing at least one nitrogen atom. The compositions may be useful to control algal growth, including harmful algal blooms (HAB).

Hydrophobically modified nanocellulose crystal and a method for hydrophobic grafting modification of nanocellulose crystals

The present disclosure relates to a hydrophobically modified nanocellulose crystal and a method for hydrophobic grafting modification of nanocellulose crystals, comprising the steps: mixing the nanocellulose crystals with a saturated alkane, and stirring the resultant at room temperature or under a heating condition; while stirring, adding in sequence a polymethylhydrosiloxane containing a silicon-hydrogen bond and a catalyst; continuously stirring to complete the dehydrogenation reaction, then obtaining a mixed solution; and filtering the mixed solution by a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, then drying it to complete the hydrophobic modification. A —Si—O—C-chemical bonding is formed between the polymethylhydrosiloxane and the nanocellulose crystal in the method, enabling improvement of the hydrophobicity and water resistance of the nanocellulose crystal. 1. A method for hydrophobic grafting modification of nanocellulose crystals , comprising the steps of:mixing the nanocellulose crystals with a saturated alkane, and stirring the resultant at room temperature or under a heating condition;while stirring, adding in sequence a polymethylhydrosiloxane containing a silicon-hydrogen bond and a catalyst;continuously stirring to complete the dehydrogenation reaction, then obtaining a mixed solution; andfiltering the mixed solution by a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, then drying it to complete the hydrophobic modification.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a complex of chloroplatinic acid and isopropanol claim 1 , a complex of chloroplatinic acid and 1 claim 1 ,3-divinyl-1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-tetramethyldisiloxane claim 1 , a complex of chloroplatinic acid and 2 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,8-tetramethyl-2 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane claim 1 , or an organotin salt.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the saturated alkane is one of n-hexane claim 1 , n-heptane claim 1 , n-octane and n- ...

Compounds

The present invention relates to compounds which are capable of exerting an inhibitory effect on the Na+ glucose cotransporter SGLT in order to hinder glucose and galactose absorption, as well as on lipase thus reducing dietary triglyceride metabolism, for use in the treatment of conditions which benefit therefrom (diabetes. Metabolic Syndrome, obesity, prevention of weight gain or aiding weight loss). These compounds comprise a non-absorbable, non-digestible polymer having a glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl or equivalent moiety stably and covalently linked thereto, said glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl moiety being able to occupy the glucose-binding pocket of a SGLT transporter. 1. A compound comprising a non-absorbable non-digestible polymer having a glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl or equivalent moiety stably and covalently linked thereto , wherein said glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl or equivalent moiety can occupy the glucose-binding pocket of sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT).2. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein the moiety is glucopyranose or galactopyranose.3. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein said compound is capable of inhibiting the SGLT.4. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein said compound is capable of inhibiting lipase activity.5. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein said compound has an overall positive charge at physiological pH.6. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer is a synthetic polymer.7. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer is selected from alginate claim 1 , β-glucan claim 1 , microcrystalline cellulose claim 1 , Chitosan claim 1 , cyclodextrins claim 1 , dextran claim 1 , gellan gum claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , acacia gum claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , agar claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , fructans claim 1 , galactomannan claim 1 , guar gum claim 1 , locust bean gum claim 1 , gum karaya claim 1 , gum tragacanth claim 1 , resistant starch claim 1 , Konjac mannan ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SOLID CELLULOSE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE ESTER

Provided is a process for obtaining solid cellulose, such as a cellulose solidified article or cellulose shaped article, from a cellulose solution without causing discharge of large amounts of waste liquids and environmental issues such as large energy consumption. The process produces solid cellulose through the steps of (A) dissolving cellulose in a solvent (s1) to give a cellulose solution, where the solvent (s1) includes at least one onium hydroxide in a content of from 45 to 85 percent by weight and water in a content of from 15 to 55 percent by weight, and the at least one onium hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of quaternary phosphonium hydroxides and quaternary ammonium hydroxides; (B) bringing the cellulose solution into contact with a poor solvent (s2) to precipitate cellulose as a cellulose solidified article; and (C) separating and collecting the cellulose solidified article. 118.-. (canceled)19. A process for producing a solid cellulose , the process comprising the steps of:(A) dissolving cellulose in a solvent (Si) to give a cellulose solution, the solvent (s1) comprising at least one onium hydroxide in a content of from 45 to 85 percent by weight and water in a content of from 15 to 55 percent by weight based on the total weight of the solvent (s1), the at least one onium hydroxide selected from the group consisting of quaternary phosphonium hydroxides and quaternary ammonium hydroxides;(B) bringing the cellulose solution obtained in Step (A) into contact with a poor solvent (s2) to precipitate cellulose as a cellulose solidified article; and(C) separating and collecting the cellulose solidified article precipitated in Step (B).20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein Step (B) comprises mixing the cellulose solution with the poor solvent (s2) with stirring to precipitate cellulose in the form of flakes.21. The process according to claim 20 , further comprising claim 20 , between Step (B) and Step (C) claim 20 , the step of:(B′) ...

POLYLACTIDE-GRAFTED CELLULOSE NANOFIBER AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF

Provided are a polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber that is suitable as a molding material, and a production method thereof. A polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber includes grafted cellulose having a graft chain bonding to cellulose constituting a cellulose nanofiber, wherein the graft chain is a polylactide, and a ratio of an absorbance derived from C═O of the polylactide to an absorbance derived from O—H of the cellulose on an infrared absorption spectrum is no less than 0.01 and no greater than 1,000. In addition, a production method of a polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber includes carrying out graft polymerization of a lactide to cellulose constituting a cellulose nanofiber in the presence of an organic polymerization catalyst which includes an amine and a salt obtained by reacting the amine with an acid. As the organic polymerization catalyst, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridinium triflate are preferred. 1. A polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber comprising grafted cellulose which comprises a graft chain bonding to cellulose constituting a cellulose nanofiber , whereinthe graft chain is a polylactide, anda ratio of an absorbance derived from C═O of the polylactide to an absorbance derived from O—H of the cellulose on an infrared absorption spectrum is no less than 0.01 and no greater than 1,000.2. A production method of a polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber comprising carrying out graft polymerization of a lactide to cellulose constituting a cellulose nanofiber in the presence of an organic polymerization catalyst which comprises an amine and a salt obtained by reacting the amine with an acid.3. The production method of a polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber according to claim 2 , wherein the organic polymerization catalyst is 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridinium triflate.4. The production method of a polylactide-grafted cellulose nanofiber according to claim 2 , wherein the graft polymerization is repeated ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MODIFIED CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS

Provided are modified cellulose nanofibers that can be easily formed into a composite with a resin containing a solvent and a resin composition that contains the modified cellulose nanofibers. A method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers is characterized in that a step of obtaining modified cellulose by causing cellulose having hydroxyl groups to react with a resin having an intramolecular polybasic anhydride structure and a step of miniaturizing the modified cellulose are performed in the same step. In this method, the polybasic anhydride structure is a cyclic polybasic anhydride structure obtained by ring formation through dehydration condensation of carboxyl groups in the molecule. 1. A method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers , characterized in that a step of obtaining modified cellulose by causing cellulose having hydroxyl groups to react with a resin having an intramolecular polybasic anhydride structure and a step of miniaturizing the modified cellulose are performed in the same step , wherein the polybasic anhydride structure is a cyclic polybasic anhydride structure obtained by ring formation through dehydration condensation of carboxyl groups in the molecule.2. The method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers according to claim 1 , wherein the resin having an intramolecular polybasic anhydride structure is a vinyl resin.3. The method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers according to claim 1 , wherein the resin having an intramolecular polybasic anhydride structure has a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 or more and 6000 or less.4. The method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers according to claim 2 , wherein the resin having an intramolecular polybasic anhydride structure has a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 or more and 6000 or less. The present invention relates to a method for producing modified cellulose nanofibers in which a step of obtaining modified cellulose by causing cellulose having hydroxyl ...

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FIBRILLATED CELLULOSE POWDER SUITABLE FOR BEING DISPERSED IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

The instant disclosure relates to a process for manufacturing a fibrillated cellulose powder suitable for being dispersed in an aqueous medium, comprising a step of adding a monovalent salt to a fibrillated cellulose suspension, followed by a lyophilisation step. 11214. A method of manufacturing a fibrillated cellulose powder capable of being dispersed in an aqueous medium , comprising a step of adding () a monovalent salt to a suspension of fibrillated cellulose , followed by a freeze drying step ().2. The method of claim 1 , wherein monovalent salt is added at a concentration in the range from 5 to 20 mmol/L.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent salt is selected from the group comprising sodium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , and lithium chloride.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension of fibrillated cellulose comprises claim 1 , by weight claim 1 , from 1 to 3% of fibrillated cellulose.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt addition step is preceded by a step of pretreating the suspended fibrillated cellulose.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pretreatment of the fibrillated cellulose is an enzyme or chemical pretreatment claim 5 , for example claim 5 , a carboxymethylation.72022. A method of dispersing a fibrillated cellulose powder obtained by the method of claim 1 , comprising a step of incorporating said powder in an aqueous medium () claim 1 , followed by a step of stirring () the obtained suspension.826. The method of claim 7 , further comprising a subsequent dialysis step (). The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fibrillated cellulose powder capable of being dispersed in an aqueous medium. More particularly, the present invention relates to such a method enabling to form a nanofibrillated or microfibrillated cellulose powder.Cellulose is a polymer which can be found in large quantity in the biomass, and particularly in the walls of plant cells. It is formed of linearly-connected glucose ...

Low Viscosity Kraft Fiber Having an Enhanced Carboxyl Content and Methods of Making and Using the Same

A pulp fiber with an enhanced carboxyl content resulting in improved antimicrobial, anti-yellowing and absorptive properties. Methods for making the kraft pulp fiber and products made from it are also described. 141.-. (canceled)42. A method of making a modified kraft fiber comprising:subjecting cellulose fiber to a kraft pulping step;oxygen delignifying the cellulose fiber following the kraft pulping step;bleaching the cellulose fiber following oxygen delignification using a five-stage bleaching process;oxidizing the cellulose fiber with a peroxide and a catalyst chosen from at least one of copper and iron under acidic conditions during the second stage of the five-stage bleaching process; andtreating the fiber with a carboxylating acid treatment comprising a combination of either sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide during the third stage of the five-stage bleaching process.43. The method of claim 42 , wherein the kappa number of the fiber after the kraft pulping step is from about 13 to about 21.44. The method of claim 42 , wherein the kappa number of the fiber after the kraft pulping and oxygen delignification steps is from about 5 to about 8.45. The method of claim 42 , wherein the catalyst in the oxidation stage is an iron catalyst.46. The method of claim 45 , wherein the peroxide in the oxidation stage is hydrogen peroxide.47. The method of claim 46 , wherein the pH in the oxidation stage ranges from about 2 to about 6.48. The method of claim 47 , wherein the catalyst in the oxidation stage is chosen from at least one of ferrous sulfate claim 47 , ferrous chloride claim 47 , ferrous ammonium sulfate claim 47 , ferric chloride claim 47 , ferric ammonium sulfate claim 47 , or ferric ammonium citrate.49. The method of claim 48 , wherein the catalyst in the oxidation stage is added in an amount ranging from about 25 to about 250 ppm iron based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber and wherein the hydrogen peroxide in ...

CELLULOSE ETHER-LACTAM HYBRID POLYMERS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR PREPARING AND USING THE HYBRID POLYMERS

The present invention provides novel hybrid polymers having unique physical properties. The hybrid polymers comprise a cellulose ether moiety, a linking group moiety, a spacer group moiety, and a lactam moiety. The present invention also provides compositions comprising the hybrid polymers and methods for preparing and using the hybrid polymers. 1. A hybrid polymer having the structure:{'br': None, 'sub': 1', 'k', 'q, 'A-(L-S—(B))'}wherein A is derived from a cellulose ether moiety comprising a —OH group;{'sub': '1', 'Lis a linking group moiety selected from the group consisting of urethanes, amides, esters, carbonates, and phosphate esters, or is derived from a moiety selected from the group consisting anhydrides, cyclic ethers, and aziridines;'}S is a spacer group moiety, selected from the group consisting of straight- or branched-chain functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, wherein any of the above groups may be with or without heteroatoms, or is a direct bond; andB is a lactam moiety;wherein k≥1 and q≥1.3. The hybrid polymer according to claim 2 , wherein the cellulose ether moiety A is selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose claim 2 , ethylcellulose claim 2 , methyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose claim 2 , hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 2 , hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 2 , carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 2 , carboxymethyl cellulose claim 2 , hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose claim 2 , ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose claim 2 , and hydroxypropylcellulose.4. The hybrid polymer according to claim 3 , wherein the cellulose ether moiety A is selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose claim 3 , carboxymethyl cellulose claim 3 , hydroxyethyl cellulose claim 3 , and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.5. The hybrid polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the linking group moiety Lis derived from a cyclic ether.6. The hybrid polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the linking group moiety ...

Cellulose-adipate-#-cyclodextrin structure, and preparation method therefor

The present invention relates to a structure composed of β-cyclodextrin, a linker and a supporter, and a preparation method thereof. The cellulose-adipate-β-cyclodextrin structure of the present invention is effective in removing cholesterol from foods, and the use of the cellulose-adipate-β-cyclodextrin structure may reduce the onset of adult and chronic diseases due to excessive intake of cholesterol, thereby contributing to maintenance, recovery and promotion of health.

Surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose and uses thereof

The present disclosure relates to surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) prepared by chemical modification of NCC as well as its use thereof, including as carrier of particular chemical compounds. The surface of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was modified with chitosan oligosaccharide (CS OS ) by selectively oxidizing the primary alcohol moieties of NCC followed by coupling of the amino groups of CS OS to the oxidized NCC to provide the desired material (NCC-CS OS ).

METHOD FOR PREPARING A CELLULOSE SPONGE

A method for preparing a cellulose sponge, comprising: (A) providing a solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose having a self-crosslinkable substituent; and (B) adding an initiator and a catalyst into the solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent for crosslinking, wherein a method for preparing the hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent comprises: (a) dissolving hydroxypropyl cellulose in dimethylformamide to form a hydroxypropyl cellulose solution; (b) dissolving a compound comprising the self-crosslinkable substituent in dimethylformamide and slowly adding it drop by drop into the hydroxypropyl cellulose solution; (c) adding an alcohol for reaction; and (d) reacting and drying at room temperature to form the hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent. 1. A method for preparing a cellulose sponge , comprising:(A) providing a solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose having a self-crosslinkable substituent; and(B) adding an initiator and a catalyst into the solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent for crosslinking,wherein a method for preparing the hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent comprises:(a) dissolving hydroxypropyl cellulose in dimethylformamide to form a hydroxypropyl cellulose solution;(b) dissolving a compound comprising the self-crosslinkable substituent in dimethylformamide and slowly adding it drop by drop into the hydroxypropyl cellulose solution;(c) adding an alcohol for reaction; and(d) reacting and drying at room temperature to form the hydroxypropyl cellulose having the self-crosslinkable substituent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising the self-crosslinkable substituent comprises allyl isocyanate claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , acrylic acid claim 1 , or glycidyl methacrylate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the volume of the alcohol is 1.5-50% of the total volume of the ...

Method for producing dried bio cellulose

The present invention provides a method for producing dried bio-cellulose which, according to one embodiment of the present invention, prevents contamination caused by microorganisms during the transport and production processes, does not require an additional anti-microorganism system in the production process, and can reduce the cost of transport and production by being stored at room temperature for a long time. Also, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the dried bio cellulose can be used as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical material for delivering medicinal substances through prompt gelation in several seconds or minutes.

PROCESS FOR WASHING SOLID CELLULOSIC BIOMASS MATERIAL

A process for treating a solid cellulosic biomass material for reduction of the content of unwanted inorganic components prior to using the material in the production of a biofuel and/or biochemical, comprising: 1. A process for treating a solid cellulosic biomass material for reduction of the content of unwanted inorganic components prior to using the material in the production of a biofuel and/or biochemical , comprising:(a) providing a solid cellulosic biomass material; and(b) washing said solid cellulosic biomass material with a stream of water or in a water bath, wherein the water has a temperature in the range from 120° C. to equal to or less than 150° C. at a pressure high enough to maintain water in the liquid phase;thereby providing washed cellulosic biomass material comprising significantly reduced levels of unwanted inorganic components when compared to the levels in the starting biomass material.2. The process of wherein the solid cellulosic biomass material is wetted at ambient temperature before the washing step.3. The process of wherein the unwanted inorganic components are selected from the group consisting of aluminium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , sulphur claim 1 , phosphorous claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The process of wherein the unwanted inorganic components are selected from the group consisting of calcium claim 3 , sulphur claim 3 , phosphorous claim 3 , chlorine claim 3 , potassium claim 3 , sodium claim 3 , and magnesium and combinations thereof5. The process of wherein the unwanted inorganic components are selected from the group consisting of chlorine claim 4 , potassium and sodium and combinations thereof.6. The process of wherein the unwanted inorganic components is chlorine.7. The process of wherein the process is a continuous process.8. The process of wherein the solid ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE-LIGNIN COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AND COMPOSITIONS OBTAINED THEREFROM

This invention provides a process for producing a nanocellulose-lignin material, comprising: providing a starting material comprising lignin and discrete cellulose fiber fines, chemically and physically separate from the lignin; and mechanically refining the starting material to form a nanocellulose-lignin material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals chemically or physically associated with the lignin. In certain embodiments, the starting material contains about 60 wt % lignin and about 40 wt % cellulose fiber fines on a dry basis. The starting material may be obtained from an AVAP® process. The refining may utilize single disk refiners, double disk refiners, conical refiners, cylindrical refiners, beaters, grinders, homogenizers, microfluidizers, vortex mixers, rotor-stator mixers, and/or high-shear mixers, for example. A novel nanocellulose-lignin composite material is obtained. 1. A process for producing a nanocellulose-lignin material , said process comprising:(a) providing a starting material comprising lignin and discrete cellulose fiber fines, wherein said lignin is chemically and physically separate from said cellulose fiber fines;(b) mechanically refining said starting material to form a nanocellulose-lignin material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals, wherein said cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals are chemically or physically associated with said lignin; and(c) recovering said nanocellulose-lignin material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose-lignin material contains from about 1 wt % to about 90 wt % lignin on a dry basis.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said nanocellulose-lignin material contains from about 10 wt % to about 80 wt % lignin on a dry basis.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein said nanocellulose-lignin material contains from about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % lignin on a dry basis.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose-lignin material ...

CELLULOSE PARTICULATE MATERIAL

The invention relates to plant-derived cellulose-containing particles useful as rheology modifiers and to a process for preparing cellulose-containing particles from plant material, which process involves treating said plant material with a peroxide reagent. The process can be controlled to produce cellulose-containing particle having a viscosity up to about 7500 or 8000 cps. 1. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material comprising less than 30 wt % extractable glucose; and extractable xylose in an amount of at least 5% of the amount of extractable xylose in the starting plant material.2. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , comprising less than 60 wt % cellulose.3. (canceled)4. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein the plant material is derived from sugar beet.5. (canceled)6. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , having a non-carbohydrate content of 20 to 50% by dry weight.7. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein the material has a viscosity at a concentration of 1 dry wt % in water of greater than 2500 cps.8. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a mean major dimension of from 1 to 250 μm and a mean major dimension of 10 to 100 μm.9. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a water-holding capacity in the range of 90 to 99.5% by weight.10. Plant-derived cellulose particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a cellulose content of from 40 to 60 wt % claim 1 , a mean major dimension of 10 to 70 μm and a viscosity of from 4000 to 5000 cps.11. A process for preparing cellulose-containing particulate material which has a viscosity at a concentration of 1 dry wt % in water of at least 2500 cps claim 1 , the process comprising the steps of:(i) contacting herbaceous plant material with a peroxide ...

Cellulose particulate material

The invention relates to plant-derived cellulose-containing particles useful as strengthening agents in water based systems and to a process for preparing cellulose-containing particles from plant material, which process involves treating said plant material with a peroxide reagent. The process can be controlled to produce cellulose-containing particle having a viscosity up to about 2500 cps.

Crosslinked Cellulosic Nanofiltration Membranes

The present invention relates to a nanofilter formed by using a porous ultrafiltration membrane as a precursor, and carefully controlling reaction conditions so as to maintain sufficient hydrophilic nature of the membrane while causing the pore structure to close to a nanofilter range (less than 400 Daltons). This produces a solvent stable cellulose nanofiltration membrane capable of operating at satisfactory flux in aqueous solutions, and being low binding to organic biomaterials.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERIC MATRIX USED AS A HEMOSTATIC AGENT AND SYSTEM FOR DAMAGED TISSUES AND CELLS

A hemostatic tissue sealant sponge and a spray for acute wounds are disclosed. The sponge comprises hydrophobically modified polymers that anchor themselves within the membrane of cells in the vicinity of the wound. The seal is strong enough to substantially prevent the loss of blood inside the boundaries of the sponge, yet weak enough to substantially prevent damage to newly formed tissue upon recovery and subsequent removal of the sponge. In examples, the polymers inherently prevent microbial infections and are suitable for oxygen transfer required during normal wound metabolism. The spray comprises hydrophobically modified polymers that form solid gel networks with blood cells to create a physical clotting mechanism to prevent loss of blood. In an example, the spray further comprises at least one reagent that increases the mechanical integrity of the clot. In another example, the reagent prevents microbial infection of the wound. 1. An hydrophobically modified cellulosic film , comprising:one or more hydrophobic moieties covalently attached to an cellulosic film, wherein said cellulosic film is lyophilized.2. The film of claim 1 , wherein one or more hydrophobic moieties have a molecular formula of CH.3. The film of claim 1 , wherein said one or more hydrophobic moieties comprise n-alkyl functional groups.4. The film of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic film adheres to lipid or surfactant bilayers through hydrophobic interactions.5. The film of claim 1 , wherein ≦10% of available functional groups in the cellulosic are occupied by the one or more hydrophobic moieties.6. The film of claim 1 , wherein the one or more hydrophobic moieties are organic compounds with a backbone of at least six and no more than thirty six carbon residues.7. The film of claim 1 , further comprising a vesicle.8. The film of claim 7 , wherein the vesicle is functionalized with at least one bioactive agent9. A method of using a hydrophobically modified cellulosic matrix of for treatment of ...

Electrochemically degradable polymers

The present invention discloses polymeric materials that incorporate a modified quinone core structure, which serves as a cross-linking agent or a monomeric unit within the polymer. These polymers can be efficiently degraded through electrochemical reduction. Moreover, the polymer's degradation rate can be tuned by making predictable structural changes. The disclosed polymer compositions can be used to produce electrochemically degradable commodities such as adhesives, concrete and the like.

Compositions comprising fibrous polypeptides and polysaccharides

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed.

FULLERENE-DERIVED CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL, THEIR PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

The disclosure relates to a fullerene-derived cellulose nanocrystals, process for preparing same and methods of using said nanocrystals.

FIRE-RESISTANT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLIES

Printed circuit boards, or PCBs, may include cross-linked oligomers that have been modified to prevent corrosion and have reduced flammability. The oligomers may be functionalized to include cross-linkable moieties and a flame retardant. The modified materials are more environmentally benign and less toxic than current fiberglass technologies used to manufacture PCBs. 1. A printed circuit board assembly comprising:at least one substrate sheet comprising a flame resistant material, the flame resistant material comprising functionalized oligosaccharides, the functionalized oligosaccharides comprising cross-linked oligosaccharides functionalized with a flame retardant;electrical conduction traces disposed on the substrate sheet; andelectronic components disposed on the substrate sheet in contact with the electrical conduction traces.2. The printed circuit board assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electronic components comprise at least one of: microprocessors claim 1 , diodes claim 1 , capacitors claim 1 , resistors claim 1 , electronic filters claim 1 , microcontrollers claim 1 , integrated circuits claim 1 , and logic devices.3. The printed circuit board assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substrate sheet comprises fibrous paper infused with the flame resistant material.4. (canceled)5. The printed circuit board assembly of claim 1 , wherein the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of chlorine-containing hydrocarbons claim 1 , bromine-containing hydrocarbons claim 1 , boron compounds claim 1 , metal oxides claim 1 , antimony oxides claim 1 , aluminum hydroxides claim 1 , molybdenum compounds claim 1 , zinc oxides claim 1 , magnesium oxides claim 1 , organic phosphates claim 1 , phosphinates claim 1 , phosphites claim 1 , phosphonates claim 1 , phosphenes claim 1 , halogenated phosphorus compounds claim 1 , inorganic phosphorus containing salts and nitrogen-containing compounds.6. The printed circuit board assembly of claim 1 , wherein the flame retardant ...

Porous cyclodextrin polymeric materials and methods of making and using same

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance.

COMPOSITION COMPRISING METAL SILICATES WITH REDUCED PARTICLES SIZES

The present invention relates to compositions comprising metal silicates wherein the metal silicates have a reduced particle size distribution. The invention furthermore relates to processes for producing such compositions and uses of such compositions, e.g. for preserving cellulosic material. 1. A method of preserving a cellulosic material comprising:contacting a cellulosic material with a liquid composition comprising sodium silicates, wherein the average particle diameter of the sodium silicates is less than 100 μm, and{'sub': '0.9', 'wherein at least 90% (d) of the sodium silicates have a particle diameter of less than 5 μm.'}211-. (canceled)12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% (d) of the sodium silicate particles have a particle diameter in the range of 0.1-5 μm.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% (d) of the sodium silicate particles have a particle diameter of less than 3 μm.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition further comprises one or more wetting agents.15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preservation provides protection from fire.16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preservation provides protection from insects.17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preservation provides protection from micro-organisms.18. A method of making a preservative for cellulosic material claim 1 , comprising:a) providing a first liquid composition that comprises sodium silicates,b) subjecting said first liquid composition to a mechanical treatment, which produces a second liquid composition, wherein the average particle size of the sodium silicates in the second liquid composition is reduced relative to the average particle size of the sodium silicates in the first liquid composition, andc) optionally, subjecting said second liquid composition to one or more steps of said mechanical treatment, wherein the mechanical treatment is performed by a bead mill, wherein the ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH-VISCOSITY COMPOUNDS AS RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREFROM

A process is provided for producing a biomass-derived rheology modifier, comprising: providing a pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose-rich solids; refining the cellulose-rich solids in a first high-intensity refining unit, generating refined cellulose solids; gelling the refined cellulose solids in a second high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating gelled cellulose solids; and homogenizing the gelled cellulose solids in a high-shear homogenizer, thereby generating a biomass-derived rheology modifier. The pretreated feedstock may include kraft pulp, sulfite pulp, AVAP® pulp, soda pulp, mechanical pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and/or chemimechanical pulp, derived from wood or lignocellulosic biomass. The pretreated feedstock may be GP3+® pulp, obtained from steam or hot-water extraction of lignocellulosic biomass. These rheology modifiers may be utilized in a wide variety of applications, including water-based or oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations, as gelling agents. These rheology modifiers are biodegradable, and their production does not directly involve chemicals other than biomass and water. 1. A process for producing a biomass-derived rheology modifier from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) digesting said feedstock with a reaction solution including steam and/or hot water in a digestor under effective reaction conditions to produce a digested stream containing cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulose oligomers, and lignin;(c) refining said cellulose-rich solids in a first high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating refined cellulose solids;(d) washing said refined cellulose solids following step (c), and/or washing said digested stream prior to step (c) followed by said refining, thereby generating washed refined cellulose solids;(e) gelling said washed refined cellulose solids in a second high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating gelled cellulose solids; and( ...

LOW VISCOSITY KRAFT FIBER HAVING AN ENHANCED CARBOXYL CONTENT AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

A pulp fiber with an enhanced carboxyl content resulting in improved antimicrobial, anti-yellowing and absorptive properties. Methods for making the kraft pulp fiber and products made from it are also described. 1. A chemically modified kraft fiber comprising cellulose which has been catalytically oxidized and treated with a carboxylating acid , having a carboxyl content greater than about 6 meq/100 g , an aldehyde content of less than 1 meq/100 g and viscosity less than 5.5 mPa·s.2. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the carboxyl content is at least about 7 meq/100 g.3. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the ISO brightness is from about 85 to about 92.4. The fiber of claim 1 , having a degree of polymerization of from about 350 to about 1860.5. The fiber of claim 1 , having an aldehyde content of less than about 0.6 meq/100 g.6. The fiber of claim 1 , having a carbonyl content ranging from about 1.5 meq/100 g to about 2.5 meq/100 g.7. The fiber of having a viscosity of from about 3 mPa·s to about 5.5.8. The fiber of having a viscosity of from about 3. mPa·s to about 4.9. The fiber of claim 1 , having a copper number of greater than about 2 claim 1 , or greater than about 2.5 claim 1 , or greater than about 3.10. The fiber of claim 1 , having an S10 caustic solubility ranging from about 14% to about 30.11. The fiber of claim 1 , having an S18 caustic solubility less than about 16%.12. The fiber of claim 1 , having an R10 value from at least about 72%.13. The fiber of claim 1 , having an R18 value ranging from at least about 79.14. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is softwood fiber and having a hemicellulose content of from about 12% to about 17%.15. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is softwood fiber and having a fiber length of at least about 2 mm.16. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber exhibits antimicrobial and/or antibacterial properties.17. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is contained within an absorbent product that further comprises at ...

CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AQUEOUS DISPERSION USING CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS, AND FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

The present invention relates to cellulose nanofibers that have good dispersibility in water and can be contained in a water-soluble polymer at high concentration, and to a method for obtaining the cellulose nanofibers. The present invention further relates to a fiber reinforced composite material using the cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers having an average degree of polymerization of 100 or more and 800 or less and an aspect ratio of 150 or more and 2000 or less are produced by subjecting unmodified cellulose to an enzyme and/or acid treatment, and to a mechanical shearing treatment. The cellulose nanofibers have good dispersibility and can be dispersed in a water-soluble polymer at high concentration, and therefore a fiber reinforced composite material having high strength can be obtained. 1. Cellulose nanofibers to be used as reinforcing fibers in a fiber reinforced composite material , the cellulose nanofibers comprising:unmodified cellulose, whereinthe cellulose nanofibers have an average degree of polymerization of 100 or more and 800 or less and an aspect ratio of 150 or more and 2000 or less.2. The cellulose nanofibers according to claim 1 , whereinthe cellulose nanofibers have an average degree of polymerization of 100 or more and 500 or less.3. The cellulose nanofibers according to claim 1 , whereinthe cellulose nanofibers have an aspect ratio of 150 or more and 1000 or less.4. The cellulose nanofibers according to claim 1 , whereinthe cellulose nanofibers have an average fiber diameter of 1 nm or more and 150 nm or less.5. A fiber reinforced composite material obtained by dispersing the cellulose nanofibers according to .6. An aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanofibers e use as reinforcing fibers in a fiber reinforced composite material claim 1 , whereinthe cellulose nanofibers that comprise unmodified cellulose and have an average degree of polymerization of 100 or more and 800 or less and an aspect ratio of 150 or more and 2000 or less are ...

Nanocellulose compositions and processes to produce same

A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO 4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH-VISCOSITY COMPOUNDS AS RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREFROM

A process is provided for producing a biomass-derived rheology modifier, comprising: providing a pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose-rich solids; refining the cellulose-rich solids in a first high-intensity refining unit, generating refined cellulose solids; gelling the refined cellulose solids in a second high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating gelled cellulose solids; and homogenizing the gelled cellulose solids in a high-shear homogenizer, thereby generating a biomass-derived rheology modifier. The pretreated feedstock may include kraft pulp, sulfite pulp, AVAP® pulp, soda pulp, mechanical pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and/or chemimechanical pulp, derived from wood or lignocellulosic biomass. The pretreated feedstock may be GP3+® pulp, obtained from steam or hot-water extraction of lignocellulosic biomass. These rheology modifiers may be utilized in a wide variety of applications, including water-based or oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations, as gelling agents. These rheology modifiers are biodegradable, and their production does not directly involve chemicals other than biomass and water. 1. A process for producing a biomass-derived rheology modifier from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) digesting said feedstock with a reaction solution including steam and/or hot water in a digestor under effective reaction conditions to produce a digested stream containing cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulose oligomers, and lignin;(c) refining said cellulose-rich solids in a first high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating refined cellulose solids;(d) washing said refined cellulose solids following step (c), and/or washing said digested stream prior to step (c) followed by said refining, thereby generating washed refined cellulose solids;(e) gelling said washed refined cellulose solids in a second high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating gelled cellulose solids; and( ...

Processes for producing high-viscosity compounds as rheology modifiers, and compositions produced therefrom

A process is provided for producing a biomass-derived rheology modifier, comprising: providing a pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose-rich solids; refining the cellulose-rich solids in a first high-intensity refining unit, generating refined cellulose solids; gelling the refined cellulose solids in a second high-intensity refining unit, thereby generating gelled cellulose solids; and homogenizing the gelled cellulose solids in a high-shear homogenizer, thereby generating a biomass-derived rheology modifier. The pretreated feedstock may include kraft pulp, sulfite pulp, AVAP® pulp, soda pulp, mechanical pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and/or chemimechanical pulp, derived from wood or lignocellulosic biomass. The pretreated feedstock may be GP3+® pulp, obtained from steam or hot-water extraction of lignocellulosic biomass. These rheology modifiers may be utilized in a wide variety of applications, including water-based or oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations, as gelling agents. These rheology modifiers are biodegradable, and their production does not directly involve chemicals other than biomass and water.