Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Char-Handling Processes in a Pyrolysis System

Char-handling processes for controlling overall heat balance, ash accumulation, and afterburn in a reheater are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium. The spent heat transfer medium is separated into segregated char and char-depleted spent heat transfer medium. The char-depleted spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a dense bed of heat transfer medium fluidized by a stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. All or a portion of the segregated char is combusted in the dense bed using the stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A portion of the segregated char may be exported out of the pyrolysis system to control the overall heat balance and ash accumulation.

THERMAL TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD

A improved solar biochar reactor, system including the reactor, and methods of forming and using the reactors and systems are disclosed. The methods and system as described herein provide sufficient solar energy to a biochar reactor to convert animal waste or other biomass to biochar in a relatively cost-effective manner. 1. A thermal treatment system , the system comprising:a solar concentrator having an area of concentrated solar power;one or more fiber optic cables, the one or more fiber optic cables having a first end proximate the area of concentrated solar power and a second end; and a container to receive material to be treated; and', 'insulating material surrounding the container., 'a solar reactor coupled to the second end of the one or more fiber optic cables, the reactor comprising2. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising a urine diversion device.3. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a hydrothermal carbonization reactor.4. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a pyrolysis reactor.5. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising a rotating mechanism to expose the reactor to the one or more fiber optic cables.6. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises animal waste.7. The thermal treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber optic cables are isolated form the reactor.8. A method to treat biomass claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:providing a solar collector to obtain concentrated solar thermal energy;providing a reactor;providing biomass to the reactor;providing concentrated solar thermal energy to the reactor using one or more fiber optic cables; andtreating the biomass with the concentrated solar thermal energy.9. The method to treat biomass of claim 8 , further comprising the step of rotating a carousel to expose the reactor to one or more fiber optic cables.10. The method to treat biomass of claim 8 , wherein using one ...

Heated Airlock Feeder Unit

A Heated Airlock Feeder is disclosed. The Heated Airlock Feeder allows for the continuous feeding of solid, shredded plastic into a reactor tube surrounded by clamshell burner boxes. Inside of the reactor tube, two augers, one with right hand flights and one with left hand flights are welded to smooth augers to create two continuous augers that push solid plastic material, liquid plastic material and molten plastic material through two small holes. As the plastic is in its molten state while being forced through the two small holes, an airlock is formed preventing air form entering the system. As the solid, shredded plastic is fed into the system, an airlock is formed allowing for the continuous feeding of the system. The clamshell burner boxes allow for convection and radiant heat allowing for even, continuous heat.

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes. 1. A regenerative , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor comprising ,(a) first and second reactors, each comprising a unitary reactor bed;(b) a mixing region located between the first and second reactors;(c) first and second channels located within the first reactor, the first and second channels being thermally-connected, substantially independent flow-paths;(d) a third channel located within the second reactor; and (i) a first reactant via the first channel during a first time interval,', '(ii) a second reactant via a second channel during the first time interval, and', '(iii) a first portion of the second reactant via the first channel and a second portion of the second reactant via the second channel during a second time interval., '(e) first valve means for directing to the mixing region'}2. The regenerative claim 1 , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , further comprising second valve means for directing a hydrocarbon-containing feed to the second reactor for pyrolysis.3. The regenerative claim 1 , reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or second valve means comprises hydrodynamic valve means including at least one sparger.4. A process for removing combustible non-volatiles from a reactor system claim 1 , comprising:(A) depositing combustible non-volatiles during a first conversion step, the combustible non-volatiles being deposited in first and second conduits of a first reactor, the first reactor being located within the reactor system; (a) conducting a first-reactant through the first conduit and a second-reactant through the second conduit;', '(b) heating the reactor system by exothermically reacting at least a portion of the ...

SUPERHEATED STEAM GENERATION DEVICE AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM USING SAME

A superheated steam generating apparatus () is made of a material capable of generating heat upon energization. The superheated steam generating apparatus () comprises a superheated steam generating pipe () which includes a flow path () in which steam can flow and transfers the heat to the steam in the flow path () to generate superheated steam. In the superheated steam generating apparatus (), a length of a cross-sectional shape of a wall forming the flow path () of the superheated steam generating pipe () is longer than a length of a circumference of an exact circle having a same sectional area as a sectional area of the flow path (). 112-. (canceled)13. A superheated steam generating apparatus comprising:{'b': 12', '13', '52', '62', '129', '529', '629, 'a superheated steam generating pipe (, , , ), which is made of a material capable of generating heat upon energization, which includes a flow path (, , ) in which steam can flow and transfers the heat to the steam in the flow path to generate superheated steam,'}wherein a length of a cross-sectional shape of a wall forming the flow path of the superheated steam generating pipe is longer than a length of a circumference of an exact circle having a same sectional area as a sectional area of the flow path.14120121122123124521522523524621622623624125. The superheated steam generating apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the superheated steam generating pipe includes a cylinder portion () which is cylindrically formed and which makes an outline of the flow path and one or more protrusions ( claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , claim 13 , ) which protrudes in a radially inner direction from an inner wall surface () of the cylinder portion.15. The superheated steam generating apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided.16. The superheated steam generating apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein each ...

CARBONIZATION DEVICE

The present invention is provided with: a reference gas supply source that adds a reference gas of nitrogen gas to a carbonization gas; a combustor that combusts a mixed gas of the carbonization gas and the reference gas, and sends out an inspection gas; a gas rheometer; a gas concentration measurement device that measures the concentration of the nitrogen gas and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inspection gas; and a computation control device that determines the flow rate of the nitrogen gas in the mixed gas, determines the amount generated of carbon components in the carbonization gas, determines the carbonization fraction of carbonized charcoal from the concentration of carbon components in low-grade charcoal, the amount generated, and the supply weight of the low-grade charcoal, and controls a valve in a manner so as to result in a target carbonization fraction. 1. A pyrolysis apparatus , comprising:a furnace main body in which a solid organic material flows;organic material supply means for supplying the organic material into the furnace main body;heating means for heating the organic material in the furnace main body;sending-out means for sending out a solid pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas resulting from the heating and pyrolysis in the furnace main body;standard gas supply means for adding a standard gas including nitrogen gas to the pyrolysis gas;test gas production means for sending out a test gas formed by completely combusting a mixture gas of the pyrolysis gas and the standard gas sent out of the sending-out means with air for complete combustion;test gas flow amount measurement means for measuring a flow amount Fi per unit time of the test gas sent out of the test gas production means;gas concentration measurement means for measuring a concentration Cc of carbon dioxide and a concentration Cn of nitrogen gas in the test gas; and calculating a flow amount Fn per unit time of nitrogen gas in the mixture gas completely combusted by the ...

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

Bulge-resistant coke drum

A bulge-resistant coke drum includes: a cylindrical section; a cap connected to an upper end of the cylindrical section; a bottom, and a knuckle connecting the bottom and the cylindrical section. The cylindrical section includes a plurality of arcuate segments attached together by vertical welds. Each arcuate segment includes a plurality of arcuate plates attached together by circumferential welds. The circumferential welds of each arcuate segment are offset from the circumferential welds of each adjacent arcuate segment.

METHOD FOR TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS BY VAPOR THERMOLYSIS

The present invention relates to a method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis, comprising: 1. A method for treating carbonaceous materials by steam thermolysis , comprising:shredding carbonaceous waste materials,introducing the shredded carbonaceous waste materials into a reactor heated by combustion gases, gases laden with steam being introduced into the reactor, so as to heat said shredded carbonaceous waste materials to a temperature between 200 and 700° C. during a steam thermolysis reaction,cooling the combustion gases to a temperature between 200 and 450° C. and discharging said gases,discharging from the reactor the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis, followed by condensation of said products,separating the condensate obtained by said condensation into water containing residual hydrocarbons and into oil;wherein the water from the condensate is used as a source of heat energy for the reactor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion gases used to heat the reactor come from combustion of a fuel and/or combustion of the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the uncondensed gases obtained after condensation of the vapor-gas products formed in the reactor by steam thermolysis are heat-treated in order to heat the reactor independently of the combustion of water coming from the condensate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said shredded carbonaceous waste materials are brought to a temperature between 400 and 600° C. inside the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oil from the condensate is evaporated in a first fraction with a boiling point less than or equal to 200° C. claim 1 , called the light fraction claim 1 , and a second fraction with a boiling point greater than 200° C. claim 1 , called the heavy fraction.6. The method according to claim 5 , ...

Organic Waste Carbonizer

A method for transforming organic waste into carbon using sequential physical and biological degradation, including fermentation, drying under vacuum and elevated temperature followed by heating to a temperature of between 300° C. and 500° C. to promote carbonization and production of charcoal. 1. A method for transforming waste into carbon in a carbonization chamber , said method comprising:Providing air-tight sealable a carbonization chamber and loading the carbonization chamber with organic waste materials;(a) performing three-step biological degradation by performing aerobic digestion with a first mesophilic aerobic inoculum at between 45° C. and 55° C. performed with constant mixing and aeration; followed by thermophilic aerobic digestion with a second aerobic inoculum at between 55° C. and 65° C. performed with constant mixing and aeration; followed by (3) anaerobic digestion with an anaerobic inoculum at temperatures varying between 20° C. and 57° C., performed under conditions of low oxygen; followed by(b) drying the contents of the carbonization chamber under at least a partial vacuum, at a heat of at least 200° C.; and(c) heating the interior of the carbonization chamber to a temperature of between 300° C. and 800° C. to promote carbonization and production of charcoal.2B. coagulansB. licheniformisB. stearothermophilusBacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter MethanomicrobiaMethanosarcina. The method of wherein the organisms in (a) (1) comprise and claim 1 , the organisms in step (a) (2) comprise claim 1 , and the organisms in step (a) (3) comprise one or more of and species.3Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis. The method of wherein the first aerobic inoculum in (a) (1) further comprises B1U/1 and D3L/1) and Pseudomonas RAT/5.4. The method of wherein the heat in step (c) is maintained at between 250° C. and 450° C. for between 6 hours and 18 hours claim 1 , under partial vacuum.5. The method of wherein in step (c) the heat is maintained at between 300° C. and ...

Gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device

The device herein described includes: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle ( 1 ) into two branches ( 1 a and 1 b ) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal ( 2 ), located downstream of the nozzle ( 1 ); a gasification chamber ( 3 ) located downstream of the aforementioned element ( 2 ) where the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., said chamber ( 3 ) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 ); and a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element ( 7 ).

Concentrated solar heat receiver, reactor, and heater

A heat receiver, a reactor, and a heater utilize the heat of concentrated solar light for thermal decomposition and/or chemical reaction of coals, etc. The heat receiver includes: a side portion forming a substantially cylindrical side surface; a substantially circular bottom portion connected to the lower edge of the side portion; and a ceiling connected to the upper edge of the side portion. A substantially circular aperture is formed in the center of the ceiling. The heat receiver has a substantially cylindrical cavity and the opening portion is open. When the cavity has a diameter of D and a length of L, and the aperture has a diameter of d, d=D/2 or less and L=2D or more. Concentrated solar light entering the heat receiver is to be contained in the heat receiver to effectively utilize the solar light.

METHOD FOR DELAYED COKING OF OIL RESIDUES

The invention relates to the petroleum-processing industry, in particular, to a retarded coking process directed to the production of gas oil fractions (light gas oil and two types of heavy gas oil). The method comprises heating a starting stock, feeding same into an evaporator for mixing with recycled material and forming a secondary stock, coking the secondary stock and fractionating the resulting coking products in a rectification column, thereby producing gas, petrol; light and heavy coking gas oils, and bottoms. Heavy coking gas oil is used as the recycled material. The method envisages feeding cooled heavy gas oil to mass-exchange devices in the lower part of the rectification column, and feeding a metered quantity of cooled light gas oil to mass-exchange devices in the upper part of the rectification column. The quantity of cooled light and heavy gas oils which can be fed in changes depending on the required quantity and quality of the light and heavy gas oils and bottoms being produced. 13-. (canceled)4. A method for delayed coking of oil residues , comprising the steps of:heating a source of raw material for coking and feeding it into a vaporizer so as to mix with a recirculate in order to form a secondary raw material for coking;heating the secondary raw material and feeding it into a coking chamber;feeding any products of the coking from the coking chamber into a rectification column for fractioning so as to obtain gas, gasoline, light and heavy coking gas oil, and bottom liquid;feeding the heavy coking gas oil that has cooled to a mass-exchange device in a lower part of the rectification column; andfeeding the light coking gas oil that has cooled to a gas-exchange device in an upper portion of the rectification column5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a quantity of the fed cooled light and heavy coking gas oil changes depending on a required quantity and quality of the obtained light and heavy coking gas oils and bottom liquid.6. The method ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING MUNICIPAL WASTE INTO BIO-ETHANOL

A process and apparatus for recycling municipal domestic waste comprises subjecting the waste to steam at 150° C.-200°. After steam treatment, the resultant material is separated into constituent parts and biomass and/or plastics subjected to further treatment. The further treatment preferably produces bioethanol from the biomass and diesel from the plastics. As an alternative, some or all of the biomass may be gasified in order to produce hydrogen which may, in turn be fed to a fuel cell to produce an electrical output. The bio diesel or bioalcohol can also be used to produce electricity. 1. An apparatus for extracting bio-fuel from solid waste material , the apparatus comprising:{'b': '10', 'an inner drum () with an inlet for waste material to be introduced at one end and an outlet at the other end, wherein the inner drum is rotatable about its axis; and'}{'b': 22', '10', '22', '24', '10, 'an outer drum () at least partially surrounding the inner drum () and rotatable thereabout, wherein the outer drum () is adapted to receive said waste material from the outlet of the inner drum and is provided with an outlet to output treated said waste material, characterised in that the apparatus comprises means () for introducing steam into the interior of the inner drum () and is configured so that in operation the interior of the drums is substantially at ambient pressure.'}230.-. (canceled)312210. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the outlet of the second drum () is located at the same end of the apparatus as the inlet of the inner drum () and said waste material is received from the inner drum towards the other end.3224. The apparatus of wherein means () for introducing steam into the interior of the inner drum comprises a hollow shaft with perforations through which steam is injected into the interior of the inner drum.331018. The apparatus of further comprising heating means for heating the inner drum () claim 1 , and wherein the heating means is selected from the ...

System, Method and Apparatus for Creating an Electrical Glow Discharge

A system, method and apparatus for creating an electric glow discharge includes a non-conductive housing having a longitudinal axis, a first opening aligned with the longitudinal axis, and a second opening aligned with the longitudinal axis and opposite the first opening, a first electrically conductive screen disposed proximate to the first opening of the housing and substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a second electrically conductive screen disposed proximate to the second opening of the housing and substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the second electrically conductive screen separated from the first electrically conductive screen by a substantially equidistant gap, a non-conductive granular material disposed within the substantially equidistant gap, and the electric glow discharge is created whenever the first electrically conductive screen has a first polarity, the second electrically conductive screen has a second polarity, and an electrically conductive fluid is introduced into the substantially equidistant gap.

PLASMA WHIRL REACTOR APPARATUS AND METHODS OF USE

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention. 1. A method for producing a clinker for cement from a material comprising:providing a vessel having an interior defined by a cylindrical portion disposed proximate to a first end and a cone shaped portion disposed proximate to said cylindrical portion that forms a first outlet at a second end that is aligned with a longitudinal axis of said cylindrical portion and said cone shaped portion, one or more inlets in said first end, a second outlet at said first end that is aligned with said longitudinal axis of said cylindrical portion, and two or more jets or slits mounted tangentially within said cylindrical portion;introducing a plasma into said interior using a first plasma source comprising a plasma torch connected to said first end and aligned with said longitudinal axis of said cylindrical portion and said cone shaped portion;adding energy to said plasma using a second plasma source comprising a set of radio frequency coils disposed around or within said cylindrical portion;creating angular momentum in said plasma to form a plasma vortex by directing a fluid or a gas into said interior using said two or more jets or slits, wherein said plasma vortex circulates around said longitudinal axis; andproducing said clinker for cement by directing said material into said plasma vortex via said one or more inlets such that said plasma vortex reacts with said material and said clinker for cement exits through said first outlet in ...

System, Method and Apparatus for Creating an Electrical Glow Discharge

The present invention provides system, method and apparatus for creating an electric glow discharge that includes a first and second electrically conductive screens having substantially equidistant a gap between them, one or more insulators attached to the electrically conductive screens, and a non-conductive granular material disposed within the gap. The electric glow discharge is created whenever: (a) the first electrically conductive screen is connected to an electrical power source such that it is a cathode, the second electrically conductive screen is connected to the electrical power supply such that it is an anode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced into the gap, or (b) both electrically conductive screens are connected to the electrical power supply such they are the cathode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced between both electrically conductive screens and an external anode connected to the electrical power supply. 1. An apparatus for creating an electric glow discharge comprising:a first electrically conductive cylindrical screen having a first end, a second end, and a first diameter;a second electrically conductive cylindrical screen having a first end, a second end, and a second diameter smaller than the first diameter, wherein the second electrically conductive cylindrical screen is disposed within and separated from the first electrically conductive cylindrical screen by a substantially equidistant gap;a first insulator attached to the first end of the first electrically conductive cylindrical screen and the first end of the second electrically conductive cylindrical screen, wherein the first insulator maintains the substantially equidistant gap between the first electrically conductive cylindrical screen and the second electrically conductive cylindrical screen;a second insulator attached to the second end of the first electrically conductive cylindrical screen and the second end of the second electrically conductive ...

TORREFACTION REACTOR

A torrefaction reactor includes a preheater section and a torrefaction section arranged to receive the biomass material from the preheater section. The preheater section includes a plurality of preheater plates arranged to facilitate the flow of the biomass material between the preheater plates by the force of gravity, each of the preheater plates facilitates a flow of a preheater fluid through the preheater plate for heating the biomass material. The torrefaction section includes a plurality of torrefaction plates arranged to facilitate the flow of the biomass material between the torrefaction plates by the force of gravity, each the torrefaction plates facilitates a flow of a torrefaction fluid through the torrefaction plate for heating the biomass material to the torrefaction temperature, and a first and second torrefaction purge gas openings to facilitate a flow of a torrefaction purge gas for providing an oxygen-depleted environment within the torrefaction section. 1. A torrefaction reactor for a particulate biomass material comprising: a preheater housing; and', 'a preheater bank including a plurality of preheater plates arranged within the preheater housing in a spaced relationship to facilitate the flow of the biomass material between the preheater plates by the force of gravity, each of the plurality of preheater plates including an inlet and an outlet to facilitate a flow of a preheater fluid through the preheater plates for heating the biomass material to a temperature less than a torrefaction temperature;, 'a preheater section comprising a torrefaction housing;', 'a torrefaction bank including a plurality of torrefaction plates arranged within the torrefaction housing in a spaced relationship to, after the biomass material is heated in the preheater housing, facilitate the flow of the biomass material between the torrefaction plates by the force of gravity, each of the plurality of torrefaction plates including an inlet and an outlet to facilitate a flow ...

REACTORS FOR CONDUCTING THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES WITH SOLAR HEAT INPUT, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level. 1. A method for processing a hydrogen donor , comprising:concentrating solar energy with a solar concentrator;directing the concentrated solar energy to a reaction zone positioned at a focal area of the solar concentrator;at the reaction zone, dissociating a hydrogen donor into dissociation products via the concentrated solar energy; and (a) a structural building block based on at least one of carbon, nitrogen, boron, silicon, a transition metal, and sulfur; and', '(b) a hydrogen-based fuel., 'from the dissociation products, providing at least one of2. The method of wherein the hydrogen donor includes methane claim 1 , and wherein providing includes providing hydrogen and at least one of carbon claim 1 , carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.3. The method of wherein the hydrogen donor includes a hydrocarbon.4. The method of wherein the hydrogen donor includes a nitrogenous compound.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating a radiation ...

Methods and apparatus for liquefaction of organic solids

Methods of liquefying solid organic materials, such as coal, biomass and shale are described. Also described are apparatus useful to effect such changes.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REFINING OIL FROM TIRE

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for refining oil from tire, the apparatus includes a box body, an upper transmission channel, an upper transmission device, a lower transmission channel, a lower transmission device, a molten salt storage container, and a heat-conduction oil storage container, where the upper transmission channel is located above the lower transmission channel, a molten salt liquid channel and a heat-conduction oil channel are respectively disposed on an outside wall of the upper transmission channel and that of the lower transmission channel, the upper transmission channel includes an upper transmission channel inlet and an upper transmission channel outlet, and the heated molten salt liquid passes through the molten salt liquid channel and then flows back to the molten salt storage container; and the heated heat-conduction oil passes through the heat-conduction oil channel and then flows back to the heat-conduction oil storage container. 1. An apparatus for refining oil from tire , comprising a box body , an upper transmission channel , an upper transmission device , a lower transmission channel , a lower transmission device , a molten salt storage container , and a heat-conduction oil storage container , wherein the upper transmission channel is located above the lower transmission channel; a molten salt liquid channel and a heat-conduction oil channel are respectively disposed on an outside wall of the upper transmission channel and that of the lower transmission channel; the upper transmission channel comprises an upper transmission channel inlet and an upper transmission channel outlet; the lower transmission channel comprises a lower transmission channel inlet and a lower transmission channel outlet; the upper transmission channel outlet is connected to the lower transmission channel inlet; the upper transmission device is configured to transmit an object from the upper transmission channel inlet to the upper transmission channel outlet; ...

Method for Converting Agricultural Biomass or Industrial Bio Waste into Biofuel

A method for converting agricultural biomass or industrial bio waste into biofuel using concentrated radiated energy is disclosed. Biomass or bio waste is stored inside a batch reactor in either solid or semisolid state. Unwanted moisture and unwanted oxygen are removed from the stored agricultural biomass or industrial bio waste. Concentrated radiated energy is directed towards the biomass or bio waste through a radiated energy concentrator that focuses the concentrated radiated energy. Biomass or bio waste is kept within the depth of focus of the concentrated radiated energy during the conversion operation. Due to substantial matching of the absorption peak of biomass or bio waste with the emission peak of the concentrated radiated energy, the biomass or bio waste that is within the depth of focus instantaneously decomposes into biofuel. The biofuel thus generated is at ambient temperature with higher energy density.

PROCESSING WASTE INTO CARBON CHAR

Apparatus for processing waste-derived cellulose fibre into carbon char comprises an autoclave for treating waste with steam to produce processed material. The processed material includes cellulose fibre and plastics. The apparatus also includes a drying system for drying the cellulose fibre, and a torrefying unit for torrefying the dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char. Thermal conversion means for thermally converting either said plastics or said VOCs provides heat for at least one of the autoclave, the drying system and the torrefying unit. 1. Apparatus for processing waste-derived cellulose fibre into carbon char , comprising:an autoclave for treating waste with steam to produce processed material, said processed material including cellulose fibre and plastics;a drying system for drying said cellulose fibre;a torrefying unit for torrefying said dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char and VOCs; andthermal conversion means for thermally converting either said plastics or said VOCs, in order to provide heat for at least one of said autoclave, said drying system or said torrefying unit.2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said torrefying unit comprises a torrefaction reactor claim 1 , and said thermal conversion means thermally converts said VOCs to provide heat to said torrefaction reactor.3. Apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein said thermal conversion means is a burner.4. Apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein torrefaction reactor comprises said burner and a chamber claim 2 , and said burner thermally converts said VOCs to provide heat to said chamber.5. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said drying system comprises a first dryer to dry said cellulose fibre to a first moisture level claim 1 , and a second dryer to dry said cellulose fibre to a second moisture level that is lower than said first moisture level.6. Apparatus according to claim 1 , further including an energy generation unit that produces heat to generate steam for said ...

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID DRY CARBONIZATION OF ORGANIC WASTE, APPARATUS AND CATALYTIC SYSTEM ASSOCIATED TO THE METHOD

A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor, said method comprising: a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C.; b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and; c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C., thereby obtaining carbon; and d) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon. 1. A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor , said method comprising:a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C.;b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and;c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250° C., thereby obtaining carbon; andd) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step a) and in step c) claim 1 , said pressure is claim 1 , each independently claim 1 , at least 4 bar claim 1 , at least 5 bar claim 1 , at least 6 bar claim 1 , at least 7 bar claim 1 , at least 8 bar claim 1 , at least 9 bar claim 1 , or at least 10 bar.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step a) and in step c) claim 1 , said temperature is claim 1 , each independently claim 1 , at least 275° C. claim 1 , at least 300° C. claim 1 , at least 325° C. claim 1 , or at least 350° C.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein in step c) claim 3 , said period of time is at least 7 minutes claim 3 , at least 10 minutes claim 3 , at least 15 minutes claim 3 , or at least 20 minutes.5. The method according to wherein said method claim 1 , after the carbonizing step c) claim 1 , further comprises depressurizing and cooling at a temperature below 100 ...

METHOD USING PLASMA-COUPLED SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AND RELATED DEVICE

A microwave thermosolar method and device used in a tubular reactor () includes a conveyor for substrates defined as materials thus conveyed. According to this method, a step is provided for circulating an electric current in the conveyor in order to produce heat in this conveyor by Joule effect and optionally to cause, in the substrates, at least some of the following: curing, pyrolyses, gasifications, fusions and chemical reactions including oxidation-reduction reactions, under the action of the electric current. 114-. (canceled)15. A microwave thermosolar method implemented in a tubular reactor comprising a conveyor for substrates defined as materials thus conveyed , wherein said method comprises a step of circulation of an electric current in the conveyor , in order to produce heat in the conveyor by Joule effect and optionally to induce , in the substrates , under the action of the electric current , at least some of a curing , pyrolyses , gasifications , fusions and chemical reactions comprising oxidation-reduction reactions.16. A method implemented in a tubular reactor comprising a conveyor for substrates defined as materials thus conveyed , wherein a fusion of the substrates , which comprise elements necessary for obtaining an electrolysis medium for reducing , into aluminium , of alumina contained in said substrates , is carried out , under action of at least one energy from solar energy , microwave energy and thermal energy produced by a circulation of electric current in the tubular conveyor.17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein one of the substrates contains aluminium that is fused in the tubular reactor claim 15 , under action of at least one energy from solar energy claim 15 , microwave energy and thermal energy produced by the circulation of said electric current in the substrate conveyor.18. A microwave thermosolar device comprising:a tubular reactor comprising a conveyor for substrates defined as materials thus conveyed,and circulation ...

Method of Delayed Coking of Petroleum Residues

The delayed coking method includes directing a heated secondary feedstock, which contains heated primary feedstock and recirculate, from a reaction furnace to a coking chamber. Vapor-liquid coking products formed in the coking chamber are then directed to a fractionation column, which fractionates hydrocarbon gas, gasoline, light and heavy gas oils, and bottom residues. Heavy gas oil from the fractionation column is directed to a thermal cracking furnace, the products of which are cooled by cooled light gas oil and directed to an evaporator for separation. In the evaporator, gases and light boiling products are removed by evaporation and returned to the fractionation column, and the remaining distillate cracking residue is separated and used as a component of the recirculate, along with bottom residues from the fractionation column. The resulting process produces high quality and high yield needle and anode cokes. 1. A method for delayed coking of petroleum residues , comprising:(a) mixing a primary feedstock and a recirculate in a vessel to form a secondary feedstock;(b) heating the secondary feedstock in a furnace;(c) directing the heated secondary feedstock to a coking chamber to form coke and vapor-liquid coking products;(d) fractionating the vapor-liquid coking products in a fractionation column to produce gas, gasoline, light and heavy gas oils, and bottom residue;(e) thermally cracking the fraction of heavy gas oil to produce gas, gasoline, light gas oil, and distillate cracking residue;(f) evaporating the gas, gasoline, and light gas oil from the distillate cracking residue; and(g) directing the separated distillate cracking residue to the vessel as a component of the recirculate.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing the fraction of bottom residue from the fractionation column to the vessel as a component of the recirculate.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling a portion of the fraction of light gas oil from the ...

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A representative system includes a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system may include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods

Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A representative reactor system includes a first reaction zone and a heat path, a reactant source coupled to the first reaction zone, and a first actuator coupled to cyclically pressurize the first reaction zone. A second reaction zone is in fluid communication with the first, a valve is coupled between the first and second reaction zones to control a flow rate therebetween, and a second actuator is coupled in fluid communication with the second reaction zone to cyclically pressurize the second reaction zone. First and second heat exchangers direct heat from products to reactants in the reaction zones. A controller controls the first and second actuators in a coordinated manner based at least in part on a flow rate of the second product from the second reaction zone.

Heated airlock feeder unit

A Heated Airlock Feeder is disclosed. Heated Airlock Feeder allows for the continuous feeding of solid, shredded plastic into a reactor tube surrounded by clamshell burner boxes. Inside of the reactor tube, two augers, one with right hand flights and one with left hand flights are welded to smooth augers to create two continuous augers that push solid plastic material, liquid plastic material and molten plastic material through two small holes. As the plastic is in its molten state while being forced through the two small holes, an airlock is formed preventing air form entering the system. As the solid, shredded plastic is fed into the system, an airlock is formed allowing for the continuous feeding of the system. The clamshell burner boxes allow for convection and radiant heat allowing for even, continuous heat.

Heated airlock feeder unit

A Heated Airlock Feeder is disclosed. The Heated Airlock Feeder allows for the continuous feeding of solid, shredded plastic into a reactor tube surrounded by clamshell burner boxes. Inside of the reactor tube, two augers, one with right hand flights and one with left hand flights are welded to smooth augers to create two continuous augers that push solid plastic material, liquid plastic material and molten plastic material through two small holes. As the plastic is in its molten state while being forced through the two small holes, an airlock is formed preventing air form entering the system. As the solid, shredded plastic is fed into the system, an airlock is formed allowing for the continuous feeding of the system. The clamshell burner boxes allow for convection and radiant heat allowing for even, continuous heat.

Hydrocarbon conversion process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

태양열 입력을 이용한 열화학적 과정을 수행하기 위한 반응기, 및 관련 시스템과 방법이 개시된다. 구체적인 실시예에 따른 시스템은, 반응 영역을 갖춘 반응기, 반응 영역과 유체 연통식으로 결합되는 반응물 소스, 및 태양 에너지를 집속 영역에 안내하도록 위치설정 가능한 적어도 하나의 집열기 표면을 갖는 태양열 집열기를 포함한다. 상기 시스템은, 태양에 대해 태양열 집열기를 이동시키도록 태양열 집열기에 결합되는 액추에이터, 및 액추에이터에 작동 가능하게 결합되는 제어기를 더 포함할 수 있다. 제어기는, 실행될 때, 태양 에너지가 문턱값 레벨을 초과하는 경우 반응 영역에 태양 에너지를 집속시키도록 액추에이터를 안내하여 태양열 집열기를 위치설정하는 명령, 그리고 태양 에너지가 문턱값 레벨 미만인 경우, 집속 영역에 위치설정된 대상물을 냉각하기 위해 태양열 집열기가 비교적 적은 복사 에너지를 갖는 창공의 위치를 향하도록 액추에이터를 안내하여 태양열 집열기를 위치설정하는 명령으로 프로그래밍될 수 있다. Reactors for carrying out thermochemical processes using solar input, and related systems and methods are disclosed. A system according to a specific embodiment includes a solar collector having a reactor with a reaction zone, a reactant source in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and at least one collector surface that is positionable to direct solar energy to the focusing zone. . The system may further include an actuator coupled to the solar collector to move the solar collector with respect to the sun, and a controller operably coupled to the actuator. The controller, when executed, directs the actuator to position the solar collector to focus the solar energy in the reaction zone when the solar energy exceeds the threshold level, and when the solar energy is below the threshold level, The solar collector may be programmed with instructions to position the solar collector by directing the actuator to face the location of the expanse with relatively little radiant energy to cool the positioned object.

가열식 에어로크 공급기 유닛

가열식 에어로크(airlock) 공급기가 개시된다. 가열된 에어로크 공급기는 클램쉘 버너 박스로 둘러싸인 반응기 안으로 고체의 잘린 플라스틱을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있다. 반응기 관 내부에는, 2개의 오거(auger), 즉 우향 플라이트(flight)를 갖는 오거와 좌향 플라이트를 갖는 오거가 매끄러운 오거에 용접되어, 고체 플라스틱 재료, 액체 플라스틱 재료 및 용융된 플라스틱 재료를 2개의 작은 구멍을 통해 미는 2개의 연속적인 오거가 형성된다. 플라스틱은 2개의 작은 구멍을 통과하는 중에 용융 상태로 있기 때문에, 에어로크가 형성되어 공기가 시스템에 들어가는 것을 방지한다. 고체의 잘린 플라스틱이 시스템 안으로 공급됨에 따라, 에어로크가 형성되어 시스템에 대한 연속적인 공급이 가능하게 된다. 클램쉘 버너 박스는, 고르고 연속적인 가열을 가능하게 하는 대류 및 복사 열을 얻을 수 있게 해준다.

加热式气闸供给器单元

公开了一种加热式气闸供给器。加热式气闸供给器允许将固体切碎的塑料连续地供给到反应器管中，该反应器管由翻盖式燃烧器箱包围。在反应器管内部，两个推运件——一个具有右手叶片且一个具有左手叶片——被焊接到光滑推运件，以形成两个连续的推运件，该两个连续的推运件推动固体塑性材料、液体塑性材料和熔融塑性材料通过两个小洞。当塑料处于其熔融状态同时被迫通过该两个小孔时，形成气闸，防止空气进入系统。当固体切碎的塑料被供给到系统中时，形成气闸，允许系统的连续供给。翻盖式燃烧器箱允许对流和辐射热，从而允许均匀连续加热。

Heated Airlock Feeder Unit

가열식 에어로크(airlock) 공급기가 개시된다. 가열된 에어로크 공급기는 클램쉘 버너 박스로 둘러싸인 반응기 안으로 고체의 잘린 플라스틱을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있다. 반응기 관 내부에는, 2개의 오거(auger), 즉 우향 플라이트(flight)를 갖는 오거와 좌향 플라이트를 갖는 오거가 매끄러운 오거에 용접되어, 고체 플라스틱 재료, 액체 플라스틱 재료 및 용융된 플라스틱 재료를 2개의 작은 구멍을 통해 미는 2개의 연속적인 오거가 형성된다. 플라스틱은 2개의 작은 구멍을 통과하는 중에 용융 상태로 있기 때문에, 에어로크가 형성되어 공기가 시스템에 들어가는 것을 방지한다. 고체의 잘린 플라스틱이 시스템 안으로 공급됨에 따라, 에어로크가 형성되어 시스템에 대한 연속적인 공급이 가능하게 된다. 클램쉘 버너 박스는, 고르고 연속적인 가열을 가능하게 하는 대류 및 복사 열을 얻을 수 있게 해준다. A heated airlock feeder is disclosed. The heated airlock feeder can continuously feed solid chopped plastic into the reactor surrounded by a clamshell burner box. Inside the reactor tube, two augers, an auger with a right-handed flight and an auger with a left-handed flight, are welded to a smooth auger, transferring the solid plastic material, liquid plastic material and molten plastic material into two small pieces. Two successive augers are formed that push through the hole. As the plastic stays molten while passing through the two small holes, an airlock is formed to prevent air from entering the system. As the solid cut plastic is fed into the system, an airlock is created allowing continuous feeding to the system. The clamshell burner box makes it possible to obtain convective and radiant heat which enables even and continuous heating.

Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system

Char-handling processes for controlling overall heat balance, ash accumulation, and afterburn in a reheater are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium. The spent heat transfer medium is separated into segregated char and char-depleted spent heat transfer medium. The char-depleted spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a dense bed of heat transfer medium fluidized by a stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. All or a portion of the segregated char is combusted in the dense bed using the stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A portion of the segregated char may be exported out of the pyrolysis system to control the overall heat balance and ash accumulation.

Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system

Char-handling processes for controlling overall heat balance, ash accumulation, and afterburn in a reheater are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium. The spent heat transfer medium is separated into segregated char and char-depleted spent heat transfer medium. The char-depleted spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a dense bed of heat transfer medium fluidized by a stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. All or a portion of the segregated char is combusted in the dense bed using the stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A portion of the segregated char may be exported out of the pyrolysis system to control the overall heat balance and ash accumulation.

Hydrocarbon conversion process

本发明涉及将烃成为不饱和产物诸如乙炔和/或乙烯的方法。本发明也涉及将乙炔转化至烯烃比如乙烯和/或丙烯，涉及聚合该烯烃、以及涉及用于这些方法的设备。

Method using plasma-coupled solar thermal energy and related device

The invention relates to a method using plasma-coupled solar thermal energy and to a related device. The invention also relates to a microwave solar thermal device used in a tubular reactor (110) comprising a conveyor of substrates defined as materials thus conveyed. According to the invention, said method provides a step in which an electric current flows through the conveyor, to generate heat therein by means of the Joule effect, and optionally a step of inducing, in the substrates, at least some among heatings, pyrolyses, gasifications, meltings and chemical reactions including oxygen-reducing reactions, by exposure to the electric current.

Method using plasma-coupled solar thermal energy and related device

A microwave thermosolar method and device used in a tubular reactor (110) includes a conveyor for substrates defined as materials thus conveyed. According to this method, a step is provided for circulating an electric current in the conveyor in order to produce heat in this conveyor by Joule effect and optionally to cause, in the substrates, at least some of the following: curing, pyrolyses, gasifications, fusions and chemical reactions including oxidation-reduction reactions, under the action of the electric current.

The equipment that biomass carbonization is carried out using microwave

本发明提供了一种利用微波进行生物质碳化的设备，属于机械技术领域。它解决了现有碳化设备存在效率低、余热无法回收等技术问题。本利用微波进行生物质碳化的设备，包括机架，在机架上设置有进料装置，进料装置包括进料筒，进料筒固定在机架上，进料筒一端具有出口，进料筒另一端开设有安装口，进料筒内设置有能将物料由安装口朝出口方向进行输送的螺旋送料器，螺旋送料器的端部由安装口伸出与一伺服电机相连接；在机架上还固定有碳化筒，机架上还固定出料筒，所述的出料筒一端具有出料筒进口，在出料筒外还设置有能将出料筒内的热量回收利用起来的热量回收装置。本发明具有碳化效率高、碳化质量好等优点。

System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge

The present invention provides system, method and apparatus for creating an electric glow discharge that includes a first and second electrically conductive screens having substantially equidistant a gap between them, one or more insulators attached to the electrically conductive screens, and a non-conductive granular material disposed within the gap. The electric glow discharge is created whenever: (a) the first electrically conductive screen is connected to an electrical power source such that it is a cathode, the second electrically conductive screen is connected to the electrical power supply such that it is an anode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced into the gap, or (b) both electrically conductive screens are connected to the electrical power supply such they are the cathode, and the electrically conductive fluid is introduced between both electrically conductive screens and an external anode connected to the electrical power supply.

Method and device for conjugated pyrolysis of biomass under pressure

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves the pyrolysis of biomass under pressure, in which pyrolysis of biomass is carried out using microwave radiation in combination with plasma, and the carbon residues are treated after pyrolysis using plasma. The pyrolysis device includes a pyrolysis furnace, a feed system, a cyclone separator. A plurality of inlets for microwave radiation and an interaction portion for the plasma torch are provided in the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace. A slag accumulation tank is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace. The inlets for microwave radiation and the interaction portion for the plasma torch of the pyrolysis furnace are distributed in several layers. Each layer is placed at the same distance. The interaction portion for the plasma torch is located below the microwave inlets and above the liquid level in the slag accumulation tank. The direction of the plasma jet in the plug connector of the plasma torch is within the microwave field at the microwave inlets. EFFECT: synthesis gas does not contain resin, the subsequent purification process is simple, without pollution of the environment, with a high degree of the carbon conversion. 10 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 633 565 C1 (51) МПК C10B 23/00 (2006.01) C10B 53/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016125737, 12.11.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 12.11.2014 Дата регистрации: (72) Автор(ы): ЧЖАН, Яньфын (CN), ЧЖАН, Лян (CN), ЧЭНЬ, Илун (CN) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 29.11.2013 CN 201310628406.X 77864 U1, 10.11.2008. RU 2009147600 A, 27.06.2011. CN 101909741 A, 08.12.2010. US 2013032464 A1, 07.02.2013. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 29.06.2016 (86) Заявка PCT: CN 2014/090887 (12.11.2014) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 3 3 5 6 5 R U Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б.Спасская, 25, строение ...

DUAL GASIFICATION-PIRÓISIS REACTOR DEVICE.

Dispositivo reactor dual de gasificación-pirólisis.#El dispositivo descrito incluye: un alimentador de carbón molido húmedo desde una tobera de alimentación superior (1) en dos ramas (1a) y (1b), disponiendo éstas de molinos adecuados; un elemento mezclador/distribuidor de carbón tamizado (2) aguas abajo de la toberas (1); una cámara (3) aguas abajo del elemento (2) de gasificación donde el material tamizado se oxida mediante una alimentación de oxígeno a aproximadamente 1.800ºC-1.900ºC, dividida la cámara (3) en dos subcámaras por una membrana de difusión de gases; un ciclón (4) aguas abajo de la cámara (3), que retiene las partículas sólidas presentes en el gas de síntesis; una cámara esencialmente pirolítica (5) donde los sólidos arrastrados del ciclón (4) se pirolizan, realimentándose los gases residuales a la cámara (3); una rejilla de dientes de sierra (6) que recoge los residuos sólidos, almacenándose éstos en forma de escorias en un elemento de almacenamiento (7). Dual gasification-pyrolysis reactor device # The described device includes: a wet ground coal feeder from a top feed nozzle (1) on two branches (1a) and (1b), these having suitable mills; a sifted coal mixer / distributor element (2) downstream of the nozzles (1); a chamber (3) downstream of the gasification element (2) where the sieved material is oxidized by an oxygen feed at approximately 1,800 ° C-1,900 ° C, the chamber (3) divided into two subchambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone (4) downstream of the chamber (3), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber (5) where the entrained solids of the cyclone (4) are pyrolyzed, the residual gases being fed back to the chamber (3); a sawtooth grid (6) that collects the solid waste, these being stored in the form of slags in a storage element (7).

METHOD FOR PROCESSING CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCES BY STEAM THERMOLYSIS

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2015 142 676 A (51) МПК C08J 11/14 (2006.01) C10B 53/07 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2015142676, 08.03.2013 (71) Заявитель(и): АЛЬФА РЕСИКЛАЖ ФРАНШ КОМТЕ (FR) Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 08.03.2013 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 11.04.2017 Бюл. № 11 (72) Автор(ы): ПЕШ Жан-Луи (FR) R U (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 08.10.2015 (86) Заявка PCT: FR 2013/050497 (08.03.2013) WO 2014/135754 (12.09.2014) R U (54) СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ПАРОВОГО ТЕРМОЛИЗА (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ обработки углеродсодержащих веществ посредством парового термолиза, включающий: - измельчение отходов углеродсодержащего вещества, - загрузку измельченных отходов углеродсодержащего вещества в реактор, нагреваемый дымами сгорания, при этом дымы, содержащие водяной пар, подают внутрь реактора таким образом, чтобы довести указанные измельченные отходы углеродсодержащего вещества до температуры, составляющей от 200 до 700°С, в ходе реакции парового термолиза, - охлаждение дымов сгорания до температуры, составляющей от 200 до 450°С, и их удаление, - удаление из реактора парогазовых продуктов, образующихся в реакторе при паровом термолизе, и их последующую конденсацию, - разделение конденсата, полученного в результате указанной конденсации, на воду, содержащую остаточные углеводороды, и на масло, отличающийся тем, что воду, выделяемую из конденсата, используют в качестве источника тепловой энергии реактора. 2. Способ по п. 1, в котором дымы сгорания, обеспечивающие подогрев реактора, поступают от сгорания топлива и/или от сгорания неконденсированных газов, Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 5 1 4 2 6 7 6 A Адрес для переписки: 109012, Москва, ул. Ильинка, 5/2, ООО "Союзпатент" 2 0 1 5 1 4 2 6 7 6 (87) Публикация заявки PCT: A 2 0 1 5 1 4 2 6 7 6 A R U 2 0 1 5 1 4 2 6 7 6 Стр.: 2 R U получаемых после конденсации парогазовых ...

Method for processing carbon-containing substances through steam thermolysis

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method for treating carbonaceous substances by means of steam thermolysis involves grinding the waste of a carbonaceous substance, loading the crushed waste into a reactor heated by combustion fumes, cooling the combustion fumes to a temperature of 200 to 450°C and their removal, removal of steam-gas products from the reactor, formed in the reactor during steam thermolysis, and their subsequent condensation, separation of the condensate into water containing residual hydrocarbons, and oil. Smokes containing water vapor are fed into the reactor in such a way as to bring mentioned ground waste of the carbonaceous substance to a temperature of 200 to 700°C during the reaction of steam thermolysis. In this case, the water released from the condensate is used as a source of the thermal energy of the reactor. EFFECT: reduction of energy consumption in the production of soot and reduction of harmful emissions into the environment. 13 cl, 2 dwg, 6 tbl, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 621 107 C2 (51) МПК C08J 11/14 (2006.01) C10B 53/07 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ФОРМУЛА (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 2015142676, 08.03.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 08.03.2013 (72) Автор(ы): ПЕШ Жан-Луи (FR) (73) Патентообладатель(и): АЛЬФА РЕСИКЛАЖ ФРАНШ КОМТЕ (FR) Дата регистрации: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2276170 C2, 10.05.2006. EP Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 08.03.2013 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 11.04.2017 Бюл. № 11 (45) Опубликовано: 31.05.2017 Бюл. № 16 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 08.10.2015 (86) Заявка PCT: FR 2013/050497 (08.03.2013) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 2 1 1 0 7 2236588 A1, 06.10.2010. EP 1577366 A2, 21.09.2005. WO 2008/075105 A1, 26.06.2008. RU 2391359 C1, 10.06.2010. R U 31.05.2017 2 6 2 1 1 0 7 R U Адрес для переписки: 109012, Москва, ул. Ильинка, 5/2, ...

Fuel injector assemblies having acoustical force modifiers and associated methods of use and manufacture

The present disclosure is directed to fuel injectors that provide efficient injection, ignition and combustion of various types of fuels. One example of such an injector can include a sensor that detects one or more conditions in the combustion chamber. The injector can also include an acoustical force generator or modifier that is responsive to the sensor and can be configured to (a) induce vibrations in the fuel in the injector body and/or in the combustion chamber, (b) induce vibrations in air in the combustion chamber, (c) induce vibrations in a valve driver or other injector component to actuate a flow valve, and/or (d) control patterning of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.

Charcoal processing method in pyrolysis system

提供用于控制再热器中的整体热平衡、灰分累积和后燃的碳处理方法。使用传热介质热解含碳的生物质原料，形成热解产物和减效的传热介质。将该减效的传热介质分为分离炭和炭贫化的减效的传热介质。将该炭贫化的减效的传热介质引入传热介质的密相床层，该密相床层由含氧的再生气体流流化。使用该含氧的再生气体流，在该密相床层中燃烧该分离炭的全部或部分。可以将该分离炭的部分排出热解系统，以控制所述整体热平衡和灰分累积。

System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch

The present invention provides a glow discharge cell com-prising an electrically conductive cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end, and at least one inlet and one outlet; a hollow electrode aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel and extending at least from the first end to the second end of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the hollow electrode has an inlet and an outlet; a first insulator that seals the first end of the cylindrical vessel around the hollow electrode and maintains a substantially equidistant gap between the cylindrical vessel and the hollow electrode; a second insulator that seals the second end of the cylindrical vessel around the hollow electrode and maintains the substantially equidistant gap between the cylindrical vessel and the hollow electrode; a non-conductive granular material disposed within the gap, wherein the non-conductive granular material (a) allows an electrically conductive fluid to flow between the cylindrical vessel and the hollow electrode, and (b) prevents electrical arcing between the cylindrical vessel and the hollow electrode during a electric glow discharge; and wherein the electric glow discharge is created whenever: (a) the glow discharge cell is connected to an electrical power source such that the cylindrical vessel is an anode and the hollow electrode is a cathode, and (b) the electrically conductive fluid is introduced into the gap.

Processing waste into carbon char

An apparatus 101 for processing waste into carbon char comprises an autoclave 102 for treating waste with steam to produce processed material including cellulose fibre and plastics, a drying system 104 for drying the cellulose fibre and a torrefying unit 104 for torrefying the dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) wherein the heat for the autoclave, the drying system and the torrefying unit are all generated by thermally converting the VOCs and plastics. The apparatus comprises a sorting unit which forms a recycling unit 102 with the autoclave. The apparatus may further comprise an energy generation unit which is configured to generate energy from plastic waste. The torrefying unit includes a reactor with a chamber, at least one burner for thermally converting the VOCs to heat the chamber and at least one burner for thermally converting the VOCs to provide heat for the drying chamber. The drying chamber may comprise a first dryer, a pelletiser and a second dryer.

Processing waste into carbon char

Apparatus for processing waste-derived cellulose fibre into carbon char comprises an autoclave for treating waste with steam to produce processed material. The processed material includes cellulose fibre and plastics. The apparatus also includes a drying system for drying the cellulose fibre, and a torrefying unit for torrefying the dried cellulose fibre to produce carbon char. Thermal conversion means for thermally converting either said plastics or said VOCs provides heat for at least one of the autoclave, the drying system and the torrefying unit.

Heated airlock feeder unit

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING GASES USING A MEMBRANE FROM A CELLULOSE ESTER.

Coal dust fuel distribution system

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Heated airlock feeder unit

A Heated Airlock Feeder is disclosed. Heated Airlock Feeder allows for the continuous feeding of solid, shredded plastic into a reactor tube surrounded by clamshell burner boxes. Inside of the reactor tube, two augers, one with right hand flights and one with left hand flights are welded to smooth augers to create two continuous augers that push solid plastic material, liquid plastic material and molten plastic material through two small holes. As the plastic is in its molten state while being forced through the two small holes, an airlock is formed preventing air form entering the system. As the solid, shredded plastic is fed into the system, an airlock is formed allowing for the continuous feeding of the system. The clamshell burner boxes allow for convection and radiant heat allowing for even, continuous heat.

Process and system for coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses

Provided is a process for the coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses, which pyrolyses the biomasses using microwaves coupled with plasmas, and treats the carbon residues after the pyrolysis using plasmas. The method has a high efficiency, and a high carbon conversion. The synthetic gas has a good quality and the volume of the effective gas reaches above 90%. Also provided is a pyrolyzing furnace for the above-mentioned pyrolysis process, which includes a pyrolysis furnace (2), a feeding system, a cyclone separator (4). The lower part of the pyrolyzing furnace is provided with multiple microwave inlets (12) and a plasma torch (13) interface, and the bottom thereof is provided with a slag storage pool. Both the microwave inlets (12) and the plasma torch (13) interface of the pyrolyzing furnace are distributed in multiple layers with each layer being placed at a uniform distance. The plasma torch (13) interface is placed below the microwave inlets (12) and above the level of the liquid in the slag storage pool and the jet direction of the plasma at the plasma torch (13) interface is in the range of a microwave field at the microwave inlets. The thus resultant synthetic gas is free of tar, and the subsequent purification process is simple, without environmental pollution.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Coke oven with improved heating properties

Heated type air-lock feeder unit

公开了一种加热式气闸供给器。加热式气闸供给器允许将固体切碎的塑料连续地供给到反应器管中，该反应器管由翻盖式燃烧器箱包围。在反应器管内部，两个推运件——一个具有右手叶片且一个具有左手叶片——被焊接到光滑推运件，以形成两个连续的推运件，该两个连续的推运件推动固体塑性材料、液体塑性材料和熔融塑性材料通过两个小洞。当塑料处于其熔融状态同时被迫通过该两个小孔时，形成气闸，防止空气进入系统。当固体切碎的塑料被供给到系统中时，形成气闸，允许系统的连续供给。翻盖式燃烧器箱允许对流和辐射热，从而允许均匀连续加热。

Patent JPS5244809B2

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

Procedure for treating carbonaceous materials by vapotermolysis

Procedimiento de tratamiento de desechos de materiales carbonosos por vapotermolisis que comprende: - la trituración de los desechos, - introducción de los desechos triturados en un reactor de vapotermolisis (4) calentado por humos de combustión, introduciéndose humos cargados en vapor de agua en el interior de dicho reactor, de manera que llevan dichos desechos triturados a una temperatura comprendida entre 200 y 700ºC durante una reacción de vapotermolisis formando productos de vapor-gas, - el enfriamiento de dichos humos de combustión a una temperatura comprendida entre 200 y 450ºC y su evacuación, - la evacuación fuera de dicho reactor de dichos productos de vapor-gas formados en dicho reactor, - la condensación de dichos productos de vapor-gas evacuados para obtener un condensado, - la separación de dicho condensado en agua cargada que contiene hidrocarburos residuales y en aceite, caracterizado porque se usa una combustión de dicha agua cargada procedente de dicho condensado como fuente de energía calorífica de dicho reactor de vapotermolisis (4), comprendiendo dicha fuente de energía calorífica además dichos humos de combustión que provienen de la combustión de un combustible y/o de la combustión de gases no condensados obtenidos después de la condensación de dichos productos de vapor-gas. Process for treating wastes of carbonaceous materials by vapotermolysis which comprises: - shredding of the wastes, - introduction of the shredded wastes into a vapotermolysis reactor (4) heated by combustion fumes, introducing fumes loaded into water vapor inside of said reactor, so that said shredded wastes are brought to a temperature between 200 and 700 ° C during a vapotermolysis reaction forming steam-gas products, - the cooling of said combustion fumes at a temperature between 200 and 450 ° C and their evacuation , - the evacuation out of said reactor of said steam-gas products formed in said reactor, - the condensation of said vapor-gas products evacuated to obtain ...

Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system

The present invention provides a process (10) for pyrolysis of a carbonaceous biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis system, the process comprising: i) pyrolyzing carbonaceous biomass feedstock using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium (12); ii) separating the spent heat transfer medium into segregated char and char-depleted spent heat transfer medium (70); iii) introducing the char-depleted spent heat transfer medium into a dense bed of heat transfer medium fluidized by a stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas (80) to form heated heat transfer medium, said oxygen-containing regeneration gas introduced into a lower portion of the fluidized dense bed; and iv) combusting (90) the segregated char to heat the lower portion of the fluidized dense bed, wherein at least a portion of the segregated char is mixed with the oxygen-containing regeneration gas and at least partially combusted (100) in said gas prior to introduction to the fluidized dense bed.

Apparatus for pyrolysis of coal substance

System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch.

La presente invención provee una celda de descarga luminiscente que comprende un recipiente cilíndrico eléctricamente conductor que tiene un primer extremo y un segundo extremo y por lo menos una entrada y una salida, un electrodo hueco alineado con un eje longitudinal del recipiente cilíndrico y que se extiende por lo menos desde el primer extremo al segundo extremo del recipiente cilíndrico, en donde el electrodo hueco tiene una entrada y una salida, un primer aislante que sella el primer extremo del recipiente cilíndrico alrededor del electrodo hueco y mantiene un espacio sustancialmente equidistante entre el recipiente cilíndrico y el electrodo hueco, un segundo aislante que sella el segundo extremo del recipiente cilíndrico alrededor del electrodo hueco y mantiene el espacio sustancialmente equidistante entre el recipiente cilíndrico y el electrodo hueco; un material granular no conductor dispuesto dentro del espacio, en donde el material granular no conductor (a) permite que un fluido eléctricamente conductor fluya entre el recipiente cilíndrico y el electrodo hueco e (b) impide la formación de arco eléctrico entre el recipiente cilíndrico y el electrodo hueco durante una descarga luminiscente eléctrica y en donde la descarga luminiscente eléctrica es creada siempre que: (a) la celda de descarga luminiscente es conectada a una fuente de energía eléctrica, de tal manera que el recipiente cilíndrico es un ánodo y el electrodo hueco es un cátodo y (b) el fluido eléctricamente conductor es introducido al espacio.

Coke furnace with improved thermal properties

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in chemical-recovery industry. A coke furnace 1 of horizontal design without recovery or with recovery of heat comprises at least one coking chamber 5, vertical channels 11 of decurrent flow arranged at the sides, bottom gas flues 8, arranged horizontally and passing at the bottom of the coking chamber 5 for indirect heating. At least a part of inner walls 3 of the coking chamber 5 is made as secondary heating surfaces by application of a high-emission blanket (HEB) on them, the extent of emission of which is more than or equal to 0.9, consisting of Cr 2 O 3 or Fe 2 O 3 , or from a mixture containing at least 25 wt % Fe 2 O 3 , and at least 20 wt % Cr 2 O 3 . Tertiary heating elements 12 are arranged in free space of the furnace 1, which is not designed for filling with coal 7, and contain substances that form HEB. Elements 12 may be made, for instance, in the form of suspension ribs or walls with holes and suspended on holders 13, mounted into a wall 3 and/or top 2 of the furnace 1. Coal 7 carbonisation in the furnace 1 is carried out at the average temperature of 1000 - 1400 °C. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce time of carbonisation due to improved conditions of emission in the chamber 5 of the furnace 1. 25 cl, 1 dwg

Hydrocarbon conversion process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Fissio chemical process and equipment

Patent DE1719557B2

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

本发明公开具有环状地定位的输送和移除装置的化学反应器及相关系统和方法。根据特定实施例的反应器包括具有靠近反应区的光可透射表面的反应器容器和定位在反应器容器内的可运动反应物输送系统。反应器还可以包括定位在反应器容器内并且从输送系统向内或向外环状地定位的产物移除系统。太阳能集中器定位成将太阳辐射通过光可透射表面引导至反应区。

Method for executing chemical reaction

本发明公开一种用于执行化学反应的方法。根据特定实施例的执行方法包括：集中太阳辐射；将集中的太阳辐射通过反应容器的光透射表面引导至反应容器内的反应区；致动反应物输送系统以旋转螺旋的方式将反应物引导至反应区；在反应区执行吸热反应以产生产物；以及致动从反应物输送系统向内或向外环状地定位的产物移除系统，以从反应区移除产物。

dual gasification pyrolysis reactor device

Apparatus for pyrolysis of coal substance.

La invención describe un equipo para la descomposición de hulla que incluye un cuerpo de horno estanco al aire, con una entrada y una salida; donde está instalada una instalación de calentamiento de la tubería de gas de llama en el cuerpo del horno y está formado un canal para impulsar y descomponer la hulla, entre la instalación de calentamiento de la tubería del gas de llama y una pared interna del cuerpo del horno; y está provisto un tubo de recolección del gas de descomposición de hulla en el cuerpo del horno para comunicar con el canal. Dado que la presente invención efectúa la conducción térmica vasta producida por la instalación de calentamiento de la tubería del gas de llama y radia a la potencia de la hulla, en la sustancia de la hulla, impele el canal de descomposición. La hulla pulverizada absorbe totalmente el calor, de modo que se calienta y descompone a gas, gas de alquitrán de hulla y hulla con un valor térmico mayor, en el canal.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Process for separating one or more gases from a gas mixture

Production of medium-temperature coke

Method and apparatus for rapid dry carbonization of organic waste, apparatus and catalytic system associated to the method

A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor, said method comprising: a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250 °C; b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and; c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250 °C, thereby obtaining carbon; and d) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon.

Apparatus of carbonizing waste using complex heat source

불완전연소 및 유해가스 발생을 최대한으로 줄이고, 마이크로파 빔을 적게 사용하여 전력의 소비를 절감하는 방법으로 폐기물을 처리하는 복합열원을 이용한 폐기물 탄화장치를 제시한다. 그 장치는 투입된 폐기물을 마이크로파 빔에 의해 일차적으로 탄화시키는 탄화로와, 탄화로에서 탄화되는 과정에서 발생하는 건류가스를 공급받아 연소하는 연소로 및 탄화로에 설치되고 연소로부터 공급받은 고온의 연소가스가 유동하여 탄화로에 열을 공급하여 폐기물을 탄화시키는 열자켓을 포함한다. We propose a waste carbonization device using a complex heat source that treats waste in a way that minimizes incomplete combustion and harmful gas generation and reduces power consumption by using less microwave beams. The device is a carbonization furnace that primarily carbonizes the input waste by microwave beams, a combustion furnace that receives and burns carbonization gas generated in the process of carbonization in the carbonization furnace, and a high-temperature combustion gas supplied from combustion installed in the carbonization furnace includes a thermal jacket that flows and supplies heat to the carbonization furnace to carbonize the waste.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

本发明公开具有环状地定位的输送和移除装置的化学反应器及相关系统和方法。根据特定实施例的反应器包括具有靠近反应区的光可透射表面的反应器容器和定位在反应器容器内的可运动反应物输送系统。反应器还可以包括定位在反应器容器内并且从输送系统向内或向外环状地定位的产物移除系统。太阳能集中器定位成将太阳辐射通过光可透射表面引导至反应区。

Coke oven with improved heating characteristics

Coke oven in which the interior walls of the coking chamber is coated with high emission coating

Disclosed is a non-recovery / heat recovery type coke oven (1) of horizontal construction. The coke oven (1) consists of at least one coking chamber (5). There is a laterally arranged vertical down comers (11). Plurality of bottom flues (8) are arranged horizontally and underneath the coking chamber (5) for indirect reheating of the coking chamber (5). At least part of the interior walls (3) of the coking chamber (5) is configured as secondary heating surfaces by coating them with a high-emission coating (HEC). The emission degree of the high-emission coating is equal to or greater than 0.9.

Concentrated sunlight heat receiver, reactor, and heater

Provided are a heat receiver, a reactor, and a heater that can use sunlight heat obtained by concentrating sunlight, such that the thermolysis and/or chemical reaction of coal, etc., can be efficiently carried out. The heat receiver includes: a side portion (11) forming a substantially cylindrical side surface; a substantially circular bottom portion (12) forming a bottom surface connected to the lower edge of the side portion (11); and a ceiling portion (13) forming a ceiling surface connected to the upper edge of the side portion (11). A substantially circular opening portion (14) is formed at the center of the ceiling portion (13). The heat receiver has a substantially cylindrical cavity (15) while the opening portion (14) is open. When the cavity (15) has a diameter of D and a length of L and the opening portion (14) has a diameter of d, d = D/2 or less and L = 2D or more. Concentrated sunlight that has come into the heat receiver (1) is contained in the heat receiver (1), so that the concentrated sunlight that has come into the heat receiver (1) can be effectively utilized.

coal decomposition apparatus.

aparelho para decomposição de carvão. a invenção descreve um aparelho para decomposição de carvão que inclui um corpo de forno hermético com uma entrada e uma saída, em que uma instalação de aquecimento de tubulação de gás por chama é colocada no corpo de forno e uma canal para induzir e decompor carvão é formada entre a instalação de aquecimento de tubulação de gás por chama e uma parede interna do corpo de forno; e um cano coletor de gás de decomposição de carvão é provido no corpo de forno para se comunicar com o canal. visto que a presente invenção faz a vasta condução térmica produzida pela instalação de aquecimento de tubulação de gás por chama e irradia para uma energia a carvão no canal de indução de decomposição de substância de carvão, o carvão pulverizado absorve totalmente o calor de maneira a ser aquecido e decomposto em gás, gás de alcatrão mineral e carvão com um valor de calor mais alto no canal. coal decomposition apparatus. The invention describes a coal decomposition apparatus including an airtight furnace body with an inlet and an outlet, wherein a flame gas pipe heating installation is placed in the furnace body and a channel for inducing and decomposing coal is provided. formed between the flame gas pipe heating installation and an inner wall of the furnace body; and a coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is provided in the furnace body to communicate with the channel. Since the present invention makes the vast thermal conduction produced by the flue gas pipe heating installation and radiates to a coal energy in the coal decomposition induction channel, the pulverized coal fully absorbs the heat so as to be heated and decomposed into gas, coal tar gas and coal with a higher heat value in the channel.

Process and system for coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses

Provided is a process for the coupling pressurized pyrolysis of biomasses, which pyrolyses the biomasses using microwaves coupled with plasmas, and treats the carbon residues after the pyrolysis using plasmas. The method has a high efficiency, and a high carbon conversion. The synthetic gas has a good quality and the volume of the effective gas reaches above 90%. Also provided is a pyrolyzing furnace for the above-mentioned pyrolysis process, which includes a pyrolysis furnace (2), a feeding system, a cyclone separator (4). The lower part of the pyrolyzing furnace is provided with multiple microwave inlets (12) and a plasma torch (13) interface, and the bottom thereof is provided with a slag storage pool. Both the microwave inlets (12) and the plasma torch (13) interface of the pyrolyzing furnace are distributed in multiple layers with each layer being placed at a uniform distance. The plasma torch (13) interface is placed below the microwave inlets (12) and above the level of the liquid in the slag storage pool and the jet direction of the plasma at the plasma torch (13) interface is in the range of a microwave field at the microwave inlets. The thus resultant synthetic gas is free of tar, and the subsequent purification process is simple, without environmental pollution.

Hydrocarbon conversion process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE WITH HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS CONCENTRATED BY SOLAR ENERGY AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

1. Способ утилизации бытовых отходов, содержащий предварительный пиролиз с последующим высокотемпературным тепловым ударом, отличающийся тем, что для термического разложения без доступа кислорода используется концентрированная солнечная энергия электромагнитного излучения дневного и инфракрасного спектра, процесс пиролиза непрерывный и происходит без доступа кислорода.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что источником концентрированного солнечного излучения является комплекс параболоцилиндрических концентраторов с системой слежения за солнцем первой ступени, и на второй ступени концентрация солнечного излучения увеличивается, в миллионы раз в оптических световодах-концентраторах, передается в печь пиролиза по оптическому световоду.3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что концентрированное солнечное электромагнитное излучение поступает во вращающуюся печь, загруженную органическими и минеральными продуктами твердых бытовых отходов, содержащих углекислый газ, метан, воду, которые перемещаются к лоткам выгрузки, при вращении печи, от места загрузки, в это время солнечное излучение поглощается отходами и преобразуется в тепловую энергию.4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что по мере возрастания температуры ТБО плавятся, а при дальнейшем нагревании испаряется и превращается в газ, который собирается в ресивере и при избыточном давлении фильтруется, проходя через расплав шлака продуктов пиролиза, где на второй стадии каталитического разложения фильтруется в шлаковом расплаве.5. Устройство для утилизации отходов способом пиролиза, состоящие из печей и реакторов, отличающееся тем, что вращающаяся печь �

Heated airlock feeder unit

reactors for the conduct of solar heat input thermochemical processes and associated systems and methods.

reatores para a condução de processos termoquímicos com entrada de calor solar e sistemas e métodos associados. reduzir processos termoquímicos com entrada de calor solar, e sistema e métodos associados. um sistema de acordo com uma modalidade particular inclui um reator tendo uma zona de reação, uma fonte de reagente acoplada em uma comunicação fluida com a zona de reação e um concentrador solar tendo pelo menos uma superfície concentradora posicionável para direcionar energia solar para a área focal. o sistema pode ainda incluir u atuador acoplado no concentrador solar para mover o concentrador solar controlador operativamente acoplado no acionador. o controlador pode ser programado com instruções que quando executadas, direcionem o atuador para posicionar o concentrador solar para concentrar a energia solar na zona de reação quando a energia solar está cima de um nível de limite e direciona o atuador par posicionar o concentrador solar para apontar para um local no céu tendo relativamente pouca energia radiante para resfriar um objeto posicionado na área focal quando a energia solar está abaixo de um nível de limite. reactors for the conduct of solar heat input thermochemical processes and associated systems and methods. reduce solar heat input thermochemical processes, and associated system and methods. a system according to a particular embodiment includes a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrating surface that can direct solar energy to the focal area. . The system may further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the controller solar concentrator operably coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to concentrate solar energy in the reaction zone when solar energy is above a threshold level and direct the ...

Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Superheated steam generation device and thermal decomposition system using same.

Problema a resolverse Solución Un aparato generador de vapor sobrecalentado (12) está hecho de un material capaz de generar calor tras la energización. El aparato generador de vapor sobrecalentado (12) comprende un tubo generador de vapor sobrecalentado (12) que incluye una ruta de flujo (129) en la que el vapor puede fluir y transfiere el calor al vapor en la ruta de flujo (129) para generar vapor sobrecalentado. En el aparato generador de vapor sobrecalentado (12), la longitud de una forma en sección transversal de una pared que forma la ruta de flujo (129) del tubo generador de vapor sobrecalentado (12) es más larga que la longitud de una circunferencia de un círculo exacto que tiene una misma área de sección que un área de sección de la ruta de flujo (129).

Combustion adjustment method to reduce the subtraction of coke ovens

The present invention is a combustion adjustment method for reducing subtraction of a coke oven which can minimize additional subtraction through additional supply of reduced calories after a subtraction time on a subtraction day. The combustion adjustment method for reducing subtraction of the coke oven according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a subtraction state recognition step of recognizing a subtraction state of a coke oven; a calorie reduction step of gradually reducing calories supplied to the coke oven; and an additional calorie supply step of supplying additional calories to the coke oven by adding a weighted value to calories reduced after the subtraction state.