ДОБАВКИ ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ

Изобретение относится к композиции и способам для уменьшения вредного действия металлических загрязняющих примесей на каталитический крекинг. Описана добавка для каталитического крекинга, включающая комбинацию: а) улавливающего металлы материала, выбранного из группы, включающей кальцийсодержащее соединение, магнийсодержащее соединение или их сочетание, гидроталькитоподобное соединение, соединение, содержащее диоксид кремния и оксид алюминия, смешанный оксид металлов или их сочетание; и b) высокоактивного катализатора, который представляет собой катализатор, имеющий процентное содержание цеолита по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза выше и/или общую площадь поверхности по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза больше, и/или общую кристалличность по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза выше, чем насыпной катализатор, также используемый в реакции каталитического крекинга. Также описано циркулирующее наличное количество частиц катализатора в способе крекинга с псевдоожиженным катализатором ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛЕЙ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ В ТЯЖЕЛОМ СУДОВОМ ЖИДКОМ ТОПЛИВЕ

Изобретение относится к двум вариантам способа снижения загрязнителей окружающей среды в тяжелом судовом жидком топливе. Один из вариантов включает: смешивание некоторого количества сырья тяжелого судового жидкого топлива с некоторым количеством водородного газа в качестве активирующего газа с получением смеси исходного сырья; контактирование смеси сырья с катализаторами, в качестве которых используют по меньшей мере катализатор гидродеметаллирования и катализатор гидродесульфурации, с образованием технологической смеси из смеси сырья; получение указанной технологической смеси и отделение жидких компонентов продукта тяжелого судового жидкого топлива технологической смеси от газообразных компонентов и побочных углеводородных компонентов технологической смеси и выгрузку продукта тяжелого судового жидкого топлива, при этом осуществляют выборочное удаление загрязнений окружающей среды из исходного сырья тяжелого судового жидкого топлива с обеспечением контакта смеси сырья сначала со слоем катализатора ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ СЕРОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ

Предложенное изобретение относится к композиции для удаления серосодержащего соединения из углеводорода, где серосодержащее соединение представляет собой сероводород, соединение, содержащее группу -SH, или их смесь. При этом композиция содержит диальдегид, имеющий от 6 до 16 атомов углерода, и полиалкиленгликоль. Также изобретение относится к способу удаления серосодержащего соединения из углеводорода и применению композиции для удаления из углеводорода серосодержащих соединений. Композиция, способная безопасно и эффективно удалять серосодержащее соединение, в частности сероводород, соединение, содержащее группу -SH, или их смесь, которое имеется в углеводороде, и не вызывающая коррозию металлов в устройствах. 3 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 табл., 7 пр.

ПОВЫШЕННАЯ ПАРОВАЯ ЭКСТРАКЦИЯ БИТУМА ИЗ НЕФТЕНОСНЫХ ПЕСКОВ

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, ПРОПИТАННАЯ МАСЛОМ И ПОЛЯРНОЙ ДОБАВКОЙ, ПРИГОДНАЯ В КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ГИДРОПЕРЕРАБОТКЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ, СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТАКОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТАКОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

... 1. Композиция, содержащая: материал носителя, который содержит предшественник активного металла, углеводородное масло и полярную добавку, имеющую дипольный момент, по меньшей мере, 0,45, где массовое отношение упомянутого углеводородного масла к полярной добавке находится в диапазоне вплоть до 10:1 (верхняя граница), и где упомянутый материал носителя затем обрабатывают газом, содержащим водород.2. Композиция, содержащая: материал носителя, содержащий металлический компонент из раствора соли металла, углеводородное масло и полярную добавку, имеющую дипольный момент, по меньшей мере, 0,45, где массовое отношение упомянутого углеводородного масла к полярной добавке находится в диапазоне вплоть до 10:1 (верхняя граница).3. Композиция по п.1 или 2, где упомянутая полярная добавка имеет точку кипения в интервале от 50°С до 275°С.4. Композиция по п.1 или 2, где упомянутую полярную добавку выбирают из группы гетеросоединений, состоящей из гетеросоединений.5. Композиция по п.4, где упомянутая группа ...

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛОВ И АМИНОВ ИЗ СЫРОЙ НЕФТИ

... 1. Способ удаления металлов и аминов из сырой нефти, включающий добавление к указанной сырой нефти эффективного для удаления металла количества, одной или нескольких оксикарбоновых кислот, выбранных из молочной кислоты и яблочной кислоты, или их солей,; отдельное добавление промывочной воды к указанной сырой нефти и перемешивание указанной сырой нефти, кислоты и промывочной воды с образованием эмульсии; и разделение указанной эмульсии на водную фазу и сырую нефть с уменьшенным содержанием металлов и/или аминов.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что оксикарбоновая кислота представляет собой яблочную кислоту или ее соль.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что металл представляет собой кальций.4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что эффективное для удаления металла количество оксикарбоновой кислоты представляет собой количество оксикарбоновой кислоты, требуемое для доведения рН отделенной водной фазы до значения в интервале от примерно 3 до примерно 6.5. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий ...

Synthetischer Naphtha-Brennstoff

Additives to enhance metal and amine removal in refinery desalting processes

Dielectric fluids and processes for making same

Cold flow response of diesel fuels

Cold flow response of diesel fuels by fraction replacement

Defoaming systems and methods in hydrocarborn processes

METHOD FOR HYDROCARBON REMOVAL AND RECOVERY FROM DRILL CUTTINGS

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Method for hydrocarbon removal and recovery from drill cuttings.

Defoaming systems and methods in hydrocarborn processes

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Method for hydrocarbon removal and recovery from drill cuttings.

Abiofuel composition, process of preparation and amethod of fueling thereof

Defoaming systems and methods in hydrocarborn processes

Method for hydrocarbon removal and recovery from drill cuttings.

COOXIDATIONSPROMOTOREN FOR USE WITH FCC PROCEDURES

SYNTHETIC NAPHTHA FUEL

ADDITIVES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT METALLUND AMINE DISTANCE IN THE REFINERY DEMINERALIZATION PROCEDURES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A HYDROCARBON PRODUCT WITH A SULPHUR CONTENT UNDER 0.05 GEW. -

Method for controlling NOx emissions in the FCCU

Compositions and processes for reducing NOx emissions during fluid catalytic cracking

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CATALYTICALLY DEWAXED GAS OIL OR GAS OIL BLENDING COMPONENT

ELECTRICAL OIL FORMULATION

Electrical oil formulation comprising a base oil component and an additive, wherein (i) at least 80 wt% of the base oil component is a paraffin base oil having a paraffin content of greater than 80 wt% paraffins and a saturates content of greater than 98 wt% and comprising a series of iso-paraffins having n, n+1, n+2, n+3 and n+4 carbon atoms and wherein n is between 20 and 35; and (ii) an anti-oxidant additive; wherein the base oil component has a flash point of at least 170 0C, as determined by ISO 2592.

DELAYED COKING PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FREE-FLOWING SHOT COKE

A delayed coking process for making substantially free-flowing coke, preferably shot coke. A coker feedstock, such as a vacuum residuum, is heated in a heating zone to coking temperatures then conducted to a coking zone wherein volatiles are collected overhead and coke is formed. A metals- containing, or metals-free additive is added to the feedstock prior to it being heated in the heating zone, prior to its being conducted to the coking zone, or both.

METHOD FOR IMPROVING LIQUID YIELD DURING THERMAL CRACKING OF HYDROCARBONS

... ²²²Metal additives to hydrocarbon feed streams give improved hydrocarbon liquid ²yield during thermal cracking thereof. Suitable additives include metal ²overbases and metal dispersions and the metals suitable include, but are not ²necessarily limited to, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, silicon, barium, ²cerium, and strontium overbases and dispersions. Coker feedstocks are a ²particular hydrocarbon feed stream to which the method can be advantageously ²applied, but the technique may be used on any hydrocarbon feed that is ²thermally cracked.² ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR RECOVERY OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS

A process is described for bitumen extraction from oil sands. Solvent extraction is used, incorporating fines agglomeration to simplify subsequent separation. A high quality bitumen product is formed, having water and solids content that exceeds downstream processing and pipeline requirements. An embodiment of the process comprises combining a first solvent and a bituminous feed to form an initial slurry, which is optionally separated into fine solids and coarse solids. Solids are agglomerated to form an agglomerated slurry. A low solids bitumen extract from the agglomerated slurry is mixed with a second solvent to form a solvent-bitumen low solids mixture, the second solvent having a similar or lower boiling point than the first solvent. The mixture is separated to produce high grade and low grade bitumen extracts. The first and second solvents are recovered from the high grade bitumen extract, leaving a high grade bitumen product.

IMPROVED METHOD FOR REMOVING METALS AND AMINES FROM CRUDE OIL

A method of removing metals and amines from crude oil comprising adding an effective metal removing amount of one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids selected from lactic acid and malic acid and salts thereof to said crude oil; adding wash water to said crude oil; mixing said crude oil, acid and wash water to form an emulsion; and resolving said emulsion into an aqueous phase and crude oil having a reduced metals content ...

IMPROVED METHOD FOR REMOVING METALS AND AMINES FROM CRUDE OIL

A method of removing metals and amines from crude oil comprising adding an effective metal removing amount of one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids selected from lactic acid and malic acid and salts thereof to said crude oil; adding wash water to said crude oil; mixing said crude oil, acid and wash water to form an emulsion; and resolving said emulsion into an aqueous phase and crude oil having a reduced metals content ...

INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON FROM OIL SANDS

Processes are described for extracting hydrocarbon from a mineable deposit, such as bitumen from oil sands. The integration of solvent-based extraction processes with aqueous extraction processes is described. In one embodiment, water is removed from an aqueous bituminous feed that is then directed into a solvent-based extraction process. In another embodiment, a stream produced through solvent extraction is directed into an water-based extraction process. In the solvent-based extraction processes, agglomeration of fines may be employed to simplify subsequent solid-liquid separation. The process permits recovery of hydrocarbon that has conventionally may have been too difficult to recover from oil sands processing, and thus has previously been lost. Advantageously, a fungible product can be formed more efficiently according to certain integrated processes described herein.

PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL SANDS AND OIL SHALE

Process for the extraction of hydrocarbons contained in oil sands and oil shale comprising feeding said oil sands or oil shale to a suitable apparatus in which they are heated, directly and/or by means of a suitable vector fluid, making use of solar energy collected by means of optical concentration systems.

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATES IN HEAVY MARINE FUEL OIL

A process and device for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 821 7 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 % wt. to 0.5 % wt.. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy ...

BIOGENIC LOW VISCOSITY INSULATING OIL

A method of producing a non-petroleum based electrical insulating oil, the method comprising providing a primary mixture of non-petroleum origin, comprising isomerized straight chain hydrocarbons; performing a distillation and/or stripping of the primary mixture; collecting a paraffinic base oil as a product of the distillation and/or stripping, comprising a mixture of isoalkanes and alkanes; and mixing the base oil with an antioxidant additive.

COMPOSITION FOR SOLUBILIZATION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES

Composition de solubilisation des résidus organiques de matière première d'origine fossile comprenant un mélange d'esters d'acides gras de formule R O R2 O dans laquelle R1 représente une chaine carbonée en C5 à C23, linéaire ou ramifiée, comportant éventuellement une ou plusieurs insaturations, R2 représente une chaine carbonée en C1 à C10, linéaire ou ramifiée, comportant éventuellement une ou plusieurs insaturations; ladite composition comprenant : a) au moins 18% en masse d'esters d'acides gras en C6 à C10, b) au moins 18% en masse d'esters d'acides gras en C18 à C24, en particulier en C18 à C22, comportant au moins une double liaison, et L'invention concerne aussi l'utilisation des compositions.

ENHANCED STEAM EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS

The present invention relates to an improved bitumen recovery process from oil sands. The oil sands may be surface mined and transported to a treatment area or may be treated directly by means of an in situ process of oil sand deposits that are located too deep for strip mining. Specifically, the present invention involves the step of treating oil sands with an ethylene oxide capped glycol ether described by the structure: RO-(CH2CH(CH3)O)m(C2H4O)n H wherein R is a linear, branched, cyclic alkyl, phenyl, or alkyl phenyl group of greater than 5 carbons and m and n are independently 1 to 3.

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUSES FOR ZERO-EMISSION MICRO OIL REFINERY

A system and process for refining crude oil to produce higher-purity, cleaner-burning designer fuels with reduced emissions. The crude oil may be treated with viscosity-reductant additives, which reduces viscosity by up to 50% and increases API gravity by more than 2 points. The method of spray-cracking and vacuum-flashing of crude oil separates light end chains and heavy end chains inside the reactor. The vapor is condensed into designer fuels like bunker, diesel, jet/kerosene fuel, naphtha and gasoline fuel using multi-stage horizontal reverse condensate-condenser. The GVF centrifuges are configured to separate targeted fuels of desired density value as per their ideal fuel densities, which carry out centrifugal polishing to generate targeted fuel products of desired density and hydrocarbon molecules of desired purity values. These designer fuels are further treated with desulfurization additive. A method for automating daily selection of designer fuels and chemical-rich residuum from ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING ORGANIC MATERIAL

... ²²²The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for intensifying the ²energy content of an organic material by converting the material into ²hydrocarbons and the resulting product thereof. A method for converting an ²organic material into hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method comprising ²the steps of pressurising said organic material being in a fluid to a pressure ²above 225 bar, heating said organic material in said fluid to a temperature ²above 200 C in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of ²at least one element of group IA of the periodic table of elements. The ²disclosed method further comprises the steps of contacting said organic ²material in said fluid with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of ²at least one element of group IVB of the periodic table and/or alpha-alumina ²assuring that said fluid has initially a pH value of above 7.² ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NOX EMISSIONS IN THE FCCU

... ²²²²Processes for the reduction of NO x emissions from a regeneration zone during ²a ²fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular ²weight ²components are disclosed. The processes comprise contacting during a fluid ²catalytic ²cracking (FCC) process where NO x emissions are released from a regeneration ²zone of a ²fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) operating in a heterogeneous combustion ²mode ²under FCC conditions, a hydrocarbon feedstock with a circulating inventory of ²a FCC ²cracking catalyst and a NO x reduction composition. The NO x reduction ²composition ²comprises: (1) at least one reduced nitrogen species component having the ²ability to ²reduce the content of reduced nitrogen species to molecular nitrogen under ²reducing or ²partial burn FCC conditions and (2) at least one NO x reduction component ²having the ²ability to convert NO x to molecular nitrogen under oxidizing or full burn FCC ²²conditions. The reduced nitrogen species and the NO x reduction ...

VACUUM POWERED ADDITION SYSTEM

An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are provided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a container, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of the container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispensed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controlling the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.

VACUUM POWERED ADDITION SYSTEM

An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are prov ided. In one embodiment, an addition system for an FCC unit includes a conta iner, a first eductor and a sensor. The eductor is coupled to an outlet of t he container. The sensor is configured to detect a metric of material dispen sed from the container through the eductor. A valve is provided for controll ing the flow through the eductor. A controller provides a control signal for regulating an operational state of the valve. In another embodiment, an FCC system having an addition system is provided. In yet another embodiment, a method for adding material to an FCC unit is provided.

BASE OIL BLENDS HAVING UNEXPECTEDLY LOW BROOKFIELD DYNAMIC VISCOSITY AND LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS THEREFROM

A base oil having an unexpectedly low dynamic viscosity as measured by ASTM D5133 test method comprises a blend of about 65 to 97.5 wt% of a paraffinic oil having a VI of 130 or greater, a Kv @ 100~C of about 3.8 cSt or greater and a pour point of - 15~C or less and an ester of lubricating viscosity of from about 35 to about 2.5 wt%. The base oil is further characterized as fre e of added viscosity modifiers.

ADDITIVES FOR METAL CONTAMINANT REMOVAL

... ²²²The present invention is directed to catalytic cracking additives comprising a ²metals trapping material; and a high activity catalyst. The present invention ²is directed to processes for the catalytic cracking of feedstock comprising ²contacting said feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions with a ²composition comprising a bulk catalyst and a catalytic cracking additive, ²wherein the catalytic cracking additive comprises a metals trapping material; ²and a high activity catalyst. The invention is also directed to processes for ²increasing the performance of a bulk catalyst in the presence of at least one ²metal comprising contacting a feedstock with a catalytic cracking additive ²comprising a metals trapping material; and a high activity catalyst.² ...

ANTIFOULANTS FOR USE IN HYDROCARBON FLUIDS

An effective amount of at least one antifoulant may be added into a hydrocarbon fluid having at least one potentially fouling causing-component for reducing the fouling by the potentially fouling causing-component(s) as compared to an otherwise identical hydrocarbon fluid absent the antifoulant(s). The hydrocarbon fluid may be present within a location, such as but not limited to an ebullated bed hydrocracking unit feed, a separator, a vacuum distillation column, an atmospheric distillation column, and combinations thereof. The antifoulant(s) may have or include a hydrocarbon backbone attached to at least a first functional group. The hydrocarbon backbone may be or include, but is not limited to, an poly(alpha-olefin), a polyisobutylene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a polymethyl acrylate, a polyacrylate, and combinations thereof. The first functional group(s) may be polar functional group(s).

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL HIGH TEMPERATURE STABLE SCAVENGER FOR REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful in removing, lowering the amount of, or otherwise controlling hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. The compositions and methods can be used in any industry where hydrogen sulfide poses problems, such as when dealing with crude oil based, natural gas based, and/or coal based products. The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that can reduce the amount of or eliminate hydrogen sulfide in a variety of mediums.

A BIOFUEL COMPOSITION, PROCESS OF PREPARATION AND A METHOD OF FUELING THEREOF

The present invention relates to a biofuel composition comprising distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid (DT-CNSL) and atleast one petroleum product optionally alongwith plant oils and fuel additive(s). It also relates to a process for preparation of biofuel composition and a method of fueling biofuel composition.

PRODUCTION OF AVIATION FUEL FROM RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS

A hydrocarbon prod-uct stream having hydrocarbons with boiling points in the aviation fuel range is produced from renewable feedstocks such as plant and animal oils. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenat-ing, deoxygenating, isomerization, and selectively hydrocracking the feedstock to produce paraffinic hy-drocarbons having from 9 to 16 car-bon atoms and a high iso/normal ra-tio in a single reaction zone contain-ing a multifunctional catalyst, or set of catalysts, having hydrogenation, deoxygenation, isomerization and se-lective hydrocracking functions.

METHODS OF RECOVERING HYDROCARBONS FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL USING A CONSTRUCTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS

A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydro carbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydro carbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (120) of hydro carbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom such as by using heating conduits (118,126). During heating the hydro carbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure (100) is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected as liquid products (136) and gaseous products (140) for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.

A NOVEL ADDITIVE FOR NAPHTHENIC ACID CORROSION INHIBITION AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to the field of processing hydrocarbons which causes corrosion in the metal surfaces of processing units. The invention addresses the technical problem of high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulphur corrosion and provides a solution to inhibit these types of corrosion. The three combination compositions are formed by two mixtures separately, with one mixture obtained by mixing compound A, which is obtained by reacting high reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) with phosphorous pentasulphide in presence of catalytic amount of sulphur with compound B which is thiophosphorous compound such as phosphorous thioacid ester of Formula (1) and second mixture obtained by mixing compound A with compound C of Formula (2) which is obtained by reacting compound B with ethylene oxide, wherein each of these two mixtures independently provide high corrosion inhibition efficiency in case of high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition and sulphur corrosion inhibition ...

METHOD OF REMOVING METALS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK USING ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Method of removing metals from hydrocarbon feedstock using esters of carboxylic acids, and additives for the same, are provided, wherein hydrocarbon stream such as crude oil containing metals and salts thereof, such as calcium and calcium naphthenate, is mixed with an effective metal - removing - amount of an aqueous extraction -solution of non - precipitating and non - fouling additive comprising a chemical compound selected from a group consisting of methyl or ethyl or propyl or isopropyl mono - and / or di-esters of any of three carboxylic acids, such as, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, or fumaric acid or an appropriate combination of said esters, or an appropriate combination of any of said esters with any of said three acids, enabling formation of a hydrocarbonous phase and an aqueous phase containing the metal ions; and separating aqueous phase.

ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF CALCIUM FROM CRUDE OILS CONTAINING CALCIUM NAPHTHENATE

There is provided an additive and method for removal of calcium from crude oil or its blends containing calcium naphthenate at low pH as well as at high pH varying from 5 to 11, preferably from 6 to 11, more preferably from 7 to 11, wherein the additive is glyoxal and said pH is of the wash water for crude oil processing systems. There is also provided an additive and method for removal of calcium from crude oil or its blends containing calcium naphthenate, wherein crude oil is treated with wash water containing alkaline medium selected from the group comprising sodium hydroxide (NaOH or caustic), ammonia or amine compound, or mixture thereof, and wherein pH of the wash water or of the processing mixture in the desalter varies from 5 to 11, preferably from 6 to 11, preferably from 7 to 11, characterized in that the additive is glyoxal and the crude oil or its blend is treated with glyoxal.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING A CRUDE PRODUCT

A flexible once-through process for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstock is disclosed. The process employs a plurality of contacting zones and at least a separation zone to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products. The contacting zones operate under hydrocracking conditions, employing a slurry catalyst which comprises an active metal catalyst having an average particle size of at least 1 micron in a hydrocarbon oil diluent, at a concentration of greater than 500 wppm of active metal catalyst to heavy oil feedstock. The plurality of contacting zones and separation zones are configured in a permutable fashion allowing the once-through process to be flexible operating in various modes: a sequential mode; a parallel mode; a combination of parallel and sequential mode; all online; some online and some on stand-by; some online and some off-line; a parallel mode with the effluent stream from the contacting zone being sent to ...

STRONG BASE AMINES TO MINIMIZE CORROSION IN SYSTEMS PRONE TO FORM CORROSIVE SALTS

Corrosion by ammonia/amine salts in hydrocarbon streams such as distillation overhead streams that contain a mineral acid and water can be prevented, avoided or minimized by adding certain strong amines to the streams. The amines have a pKa between about 1 0.5 to about 12 and include, but are not necessarily limited to, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert- butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and combinations thereof. If the hydrocar¬ bon stream further includes a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, a tramp and/or a residual amine which can form a corrosive salt with the mineral acid, then the added amine is a stronger base than the tramp or residual amine, if present. The amount of added amine is greater than total amount of nitrogen-containing compound, so that any corrosive salts formed are less corrosive than the salts that would otherwise form from the ammonia and/or tramp amine.

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS

Systems are described for recovery of bitumen from oil sands. The system may comprise a slurry system in which a bituminous feed is mixed with solvent to form an initial slurry; an agglomerator for mixing the initial slurry and a water-containing fluid to agglomerate solids from the initial slurry, producing an agglomerated slurry; a separator unit for separating the agglomerated slurry into agglomerates and a low solids bitumen extract a tailings solvent recovery unit for removing solvent from washed agglomerates; and a solvent recovery unit for separating solvent from the low solids bitumen extract. The separator unit comprises a countercurrent washer for solvent washing of the agglomerates with progressively cleaner solvent.

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN FROM OIL SANDS

Systems are described for recovery of bitumen from oil sands. The system may comprise a slurry system in which a bituminous feed is mixed with solvent to form an initial slurry; an agglomerator for mixing the initial slurry and a water-containing fluid to agglomerate solids from the initial slurry, producing an agglomerated slurry; a separator unit for separating the agglomerated slurry into agglomerates and a low solids bitumen extract a tailings solvent recovery unit for removing solvent from washed agglomerates; and a solvent recovery unit for separating solvent from the low solids bitumen extract. The separator unit comprises a countercurrent washer for solvent washing of the agglomerates with progressively cleaner solvent.

Process for deasphalting and extracting of hydrocarbon oils.

Ein Verfahren zum Entasphaltieren und Extrahieren eines Kohlenwasserstofföles aus einem ersten Öl, welches Asphaltene und/oder andere Verunreinigungen umfasst, ist angegeben. Das Verfahren (100) umfasst das Kombinieren des ersten Öls mit einem polaren Lösungsmittel und einem Extraktionsmittel zum Bereitstellen einer Mischung (102) und Anwenden eines Stimulus auf die Mischung (103), sodass mindestens ein Teil irgendwelcher Asphaltene und/oder Verunreinigungen aus dem ersten Öl ausfallen.

Procedure for the Entasphaltieren and extracting hydrocarbon oils.

Hierin sind Verfahren zum Entasphaltieren und Extrahieren eines Kohlenwasserstofföls angegeben. Die Verfahren (100) umfassen Bereitstellen eines Öls, umfassend Asphaltene und/oder andere Verunreinigungen (101), Kombinieren des Öls mit einem polaren Lösungsmittel und einem Extraktionsmittel zum Bereitstellen einer Mischung (102) und Anwenden eines Stimulus auf die Mischung (103), sodass mindestens ein Teil irgendwelcher Asphaltene und/oder Verunreinigungen in dem Öl aus dem Öl ausfallen.

METHOD OF REMOVAL OF MERCAPTANS FROM HYDROCARBONS

WELL INHIBITORS OF ASPHALTENES BASED ON ION LIQUID STI AND METHODS OF THEIR APPLICATION

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Данное изобретение относится к способу и аппарату для интенсификации содержания энергии органического материала преобразованием материала в углеводороды, и полученного в результате продукта. Раскрыт способ переработки органического материала в углеводородное топливо. Способ включает этапы прессования указанного органического материала, находящегося в жидкости, под давлением выше 225 бар, нагревания указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости до температуры выше 200°С в присутствии гомогенного катализатора, который включает соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IA Периодической таблицы элементов. Раскрытый способ дополнительно включает этапы контакта указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости с гетерогенным катализатором, включающим соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IVB Периодической таблицы и/или альфа-алюминия, убедившись, что начальное значение рН в указанной жидкости выше 7.

СПОСОБ И ПРИБОР ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Данное изобретение относится к способу и аппарату для интенсификации содержания энергии органического материала преобразованием материала в углеводороды и полученного в результате продукта. Раскрыт способ переработки органического материала в углеводородное топливо. Способ включает этапы прессования указанного органического материала, находящегося в жидкости, под давлением выше 225 бар, нагревания указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости до температуры выше 200°С в присутствии гомогенного катализатора, который включает соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IA периодической таблицы элементов. Раскрытый способ дополнительно включает этапы контакта указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости с гетерогенным катализатором, включающим соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IVB Периодической таблицы и/или альфа-алюминия, убедившись, что начальное значение рН в указанной жидкости выше 7.

СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЫРОГО ПРОДУКТА

Описывается гибкий одноходовой способ гидропереработки исходного сырья на основе тяжелой нефти. Способ использует множество зон введения в контакт и по меньшей мере одну зону разделения для превращения по меньшей мере части исходного сырья на основе тяжелой нефти в более низкокипящие углеводороды с получением облагороженных продуктов. Зоны введения в контакт функционируют в условиях проведения гидрокрекинга с использованием суспендированного катализатора, который содержит активный металлсодержащий катализатор, характеризующийся средним размером частиц, равным по меньшей мере 1 мкм, в углеводородном масле с концентрацией более 500 ч./млн (мас.) активного металлсодержащего катализатора в расчете на исходное сырье на основе тяжелой нефти. Множество зон введения в контакт и зон разделения конфигурируют по способу, допускающему перестановки, позволяющему одноходовой способ гибко реализовывать в различных режимах: последовательно; параллельно; в совмещенном параллельно и последовательно режиме ...

СПОСОБ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ВЫХОДА ЖИДКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Металлсодержащие добавки, вводимые в потоки углеводородного сырья, в процессе его термического крекинга обеспечивают увеличение выхода жидкого углеводородного продукта. Подходящие добавки включают металлсодержащие комплексы со сверхосновностью и металлические дисперсии, а соответствующими металлами для получения металлсодержащих комплексов со сверхосновностью и дисперсий металла могут быть магний, кальций, алюминий, цинк, кремний, барий, церий и стронций, но не обязательно только эти металлы. Сырье, подаваемое на установку для коксования, представляет собой поток конкретного углеводородного сырья, для которого обеспечиваются преимущества при применении способа, однако эта технология может применяться для любого углеводородного сырья, подвергаемого термическому крекингу.

НАСЫПНОЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И СПОСОБЫ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретением обеспечивается насыпной катализатор гидропереработки. Изобретением обеспечивается способ изготовления насыпного катализатора гидропереработки. Катализатор гидропереработки имеет формулу (Rp)i(Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, в которой М означает, по меньшей мере, переходный металл; L означает, по меньшей мере, переходный металл, отличный от переходного металла М; t, u, v, w, х, у, z означают общий заряд каждого из компонентов (М, L, S, С, Н, О и N, соответственно); R является необязательным, в одном из вариантов осуществления изобретения R представляет собой лантаноид; 0<=i<=l; pi+ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0 Подробнее

ДОБАВКА ДЛЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА, СПОСОБ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА ИСХОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ С ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ И ЦИРКУЛИРУЮЩАЯ МАССА ЧАСТИЦ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Данное изобретение касается добавок для каталитического крекинга, которые содержат материал, способный улавливать металлы, и высокоактивный катализатор. Данное изобретение касается способов каталитического крекинга исходного сырья, которое включает осуществление контакта указанного исходного сырья в условиях каталитического крекинга с составом, который включает насыпной катализатор и добавку для каталитического крекинга, в которых добавка для каталитического крекинга включает материал, способный улавливать металлы, и высокоактивный катализатор. Данное изобретение также касается способов улучшения рабочих характеристик насыпного катализатора в присутствии как минимум одного металла, которые включают осуществление контакта исходного сырья с добавкой для каталитического крекинга, которая включает материал, способный улавливать металлы, и высокоактивный катализатор.

METHOD FOR HYDROCARBON REMOVAL AND RECOVERY FROM DRILL CUTTINGS

САМОПОДДЕРЖИВАЮЩИЙСЯ КРЕКИНГ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Настоящее изобретение обеспечивает простой и эффективный способ самоподдерживающегося радиационного крекинга углеводородов. Способ обеспечивает глубокую деструктивную обработку углеводородных цепей с использованием цепного разложения углеводородов с помощью самоподдерживающегося радиационного крекинга углеводородных цепей при широком разнообразии условий облучения и интервалов температуры (от комнатной температуры до 400°С). Некоторые предпочтительные варианты этого способа описаны в настоящем описании, они включают: (1) конкретный случай радиационно-термического крекинга, который называют высокотемпературным радиационным крекингом (ВТРК); (2) низкотемпературный радиационный крекинг (НТРК) и (3) холодный радиационный крекинг (ХРК). Эти способы не были ранее признаны в данной области техники. В одном из предпочтительных вариантов нефтяное сырье подвергают облучению с целью инициирования и/или, по крайней мере, частичного развития цепной реакции между компонентами нефтяного сырья. В одном ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Данное изобретение относится к способу и аппарату для интенсификации содержания энергии органического материала преобразованием материала в углеводороды, и полученному в результате продукту. Раскрыт способ переработки органического материала в углеводородное топливо. Способ включает этапы прессования указанного органического материала, находящегося в жидкости, под давлением выше 225 бар, нагревания указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости до температуры выше 200°С в присутствии гомогенного катализатора, который включает соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IA Периодической таблицы элементов. Раскрытый способ дополнительно включает этапы контакта указанного органического материала в указанной жидкости с гетерогенным катализатором, включающим соединение по меньшей мере одного элемента группы IVB Периодической таблицы и/или альфа-алюминия, убедившись, что начальное значение рН в указанной жидкости выше 7.

HYDROPROCESSING BULK CATALYST AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДОБАВОК В УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОМ ПОТОКЕ

Способ уменьшения содержания одной или более добавок в газообразном углеводородном потоке (40), включающий стадии: (a) смешение потока (10) исходного углеводородного сырья с одной или более добавками (20), в результате чего образуется многофазный углеводородный поток (30); (b) транспортирование многофазного углеводородного потока (30) от первого участка (А) ко второму участку (В2); (c) на втором участке (В2), пропускание многофазного углеводородного потока (30) через сепаратор (22), в результате чего образуется один или более жидких потоков (50), содержащих большую часть одной или более добавок, и газообразный углеводородный поток (40), содержащий остаток одной или более добавок; и (d) промывание потока газообразного углеводородного потока (40) в очистном блоке (24) промывочным потоком (60), который (промывочный поток (60)) содержит дистиллированную воду, в результате чего образуется обогащенный добавкой(ами) поток (70) и углеводородный поток (80) с пониженным содержанием добавок.

Process for making a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant

A process to prepare a lubricating oil meeting JASO M345:2003 requirements, comprising: hydroisomerization dewaxing a feed to produce a base oil and blending the base oil with less than 5 wt% solvent and a detergent/dispersant additive package. A process for making lubricating oil, comprising blending together a pour point reduced base oil blend with a detergent/dispersant additive package, a smoke-suppression agent, optionally a pour point depressant, and optionally less than about 5 wt% hydrocarbon solvent, whereby a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant is produced. A process to make a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant, comprising preparing a pour point reducing blend component by isomerizing a feed, blending it with a light distillate base oil to produce a pour point reduced base oil blend, and blending the pour point reduced base oil blend with a detergent/dispersant additive package and less than 5 wt% solvent. A lubricating oil made by the process described herein.

DEMULSIFICATION COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DEMULSIFYING AND SEPARATING AQUEOUS EMULSIONS

coker process

PROCESS TO PRODUCE A COMPONENT OF GASOLINE COMBINATION OF LOW DISTILLED VOLATILENESS AND ONE INTERMEDIATE ONE

método para o melhoramento das propriedades de escoamento de uma carga de alimentação de óleo pesado por diminuição do seu módulo elástico, e, método de coqueificação retardado

CONTROLLING COLD FLOW PROPERTIES OF TRANSPORTATION FUELS FROM RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS

A process for improving cold flow properties of diesel range hydrocarbons produced from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and animal oils. A renewable feedstock is treated by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide an effluent comprising paraffins followed by isomerizing and selectively hydrocracking at least a portion of the paraffins to generate a diesel range hydrocarbon product. A portion of the diesel range hydrocarbon product is selectively separated and recycled to the isomerization and selective hydrocracking zone.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING A CRUDE PRODUCT

A flexible once-through process for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstock is disclosed. The process employs a plurality of contacting zones and at least a separation zone to convert at least a portion of the heavy oil feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbons, forming upgraded products. The contacting zones operate under hydrocracking conditions, employing a slurry catalyst which comprises an active metal catalyst having an average particle size of at least 1 micron in a hydrocarbon oil diluent, at a concentration of greater than 500 wppm of active metal catalyst to heavy oil feedstock. The plurality of contacting zones and separation zones are configured in a permutable fashion allowing the once-through process to be flexible operating in various modes: a sequential mode; a parallel mode; a combination of parallel and sequential mode; all online; some online and some on stand-by; some online and some off-line; a parallel mode with the effluent stream from the contacting zone being sent to ...

DEVICES AND PROCESSES FOR DEASPHALTING AND/OR REDUCING METALS IN A CRUDE OIL WITH A DESALTER UNIT

This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desaiters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals aiong with water, and a hydrocarbon phase having desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A JET FUEL

A process for producing a jet fuel, comprising contacting an olefin and an isoparaffin with an unsupported catalyst system comprising an ionic liquid catalyst and a halide containing additive in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions to make an alkylate product, and recovering the jet fuel from the alkylate product, wherein the jet fuel meets the boiling point, flash point, smoke point, heat of combustion, and freeze point requirements for Jet A-1 fuel. Also a process for producing a jet fuel, comprising providing a feed produced in a FC cracker comprising olefins, mixing the feed with an isoparaffin, alkylating the mixed feed in an ionic liquid alkylation zone, and separating the jet fuel from the alkylated product. We also provide a process comprising alkylating isobutane and butene in the presence of specific chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalysts, to produce a jet fuel.

LOW INTERFACIAL TENSION SURFACTANTS FOR PETROLEUM APPLICATIONS

The invention relates to a class of novel surfactants that have utility in the recovery and/or extraction of oil.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS RECYCLING OF WASTE PLASTIC INTO LIQUID FUELS

A method and system (100) is provided for continuous recycling of waste plastic feedstock into liquid fuels. The method includes sending the feedstock into a rotary retort vessel at an input end of the rotary retort vessel. The feedstock is received on either sides of a partition structure, wherein the partition structure connects the input end of the rotary retort vessel to an output end of the rotary retort vessel. The feedstock is pyrolized in the rotary retort vessel, wherein the feedstock produces gaseous byproducts and non-gaseous byproducts. The byproducts are moved towards the output end of the rotary retort vessel, wherein the movement is facilitated by declination of the rotary retort vessel and the one or more partition structures. The non-gaseous byproducts are continuously removed from the rotary retort vessel.

HYDROTREATING CATALYST: COMPOSITION, PREPARATION, AND USE THEREOF

The invention pertains to a process for activating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VIII hydrogenation metal oxide and a Group VI hydrogenation metal oxide on a carrier in which the hydrotreating catalyst is contacted with an additive which is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds comprising at least two hydroxyl groups and 2-10 carbon atoms, and the (poly)ethers of these compounds, after which the catalyst is dried under such conditions that at least 50 % of the additive remains in the catalyst. The additive, is preferably at least one compound selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, or a saccharide or polysaccharide. The invention additionally pertains to the catalyst obtainable by this process, which shows high activity in hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation reactions, and to the use of the catalyst in hydrotreating.

Delayed coking process

The morphology of petroleum cokes produced by the delayed coking of feeds produced from extra-heavy crude sources such as those from the Venezuela Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt can be controlled to produce a less dense coke which is less likely to inflame in the coke pit or in subsequent handling. An aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate salt when added to a feed of this type which would normally produce a dense coke product is effective to produce a quenchable coke product of lower density and higher porosity, usually in compact, granular form permitting it to be readily discharged from the drum.

Method for improving the yield of lighter components in heat-refining process of petroleum heavy oil, and additive used in the method

Method for improving the yield of lighter components in heat-refining process of petroleum heavy oil, and additive used in the method. The heat-treatment in a heating unit is effected in the presence of at least one compound (I) having at least one mercapto alkylthio group: HS-CmH2m-S-, in which "m" is an integer of 2 to 4.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING GASES

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

Multi-Stage Device for Reducing Environmental Contaminates in Heavy Marine Fuel Oil

A multi-stage device for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt.

Solvent extraction process to stabilize, desulphurize and dry wide range diesels, stabilized wide range diesels obtained and their uses

A process allowing the removal of contaminants from an unstable oil such as those produced by thermal or catalytic cracking, wherein, in at least one step of the process, mixing of the unstable oil with a pure or impure solvent having a dipole moment greater than 2 is performed. The stabilized diesels thereby obtained exhibit interesting properties among which significant stability features and are useful in numerous applications, some of these stabilized wide range diesels are new as well as their uses.

Development of a novel high temperature stable scavenger for removal of hydrogen sulfide

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful in removing, lowering the amount of, or otherwise controlling hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. The compositions and methods can be used in any industry where hydrogen sulfide poses problems, such as when dealing with crude oil based, natural gas based, and/or coal based products. The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that can reduce the amount of or eliminate hydrogen sulfide in a variety of mediums.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING A CRUDE PRODUCT

PRODUCTION ON SYNTHETIC LUBRICANT AND LUBRICANT BASE STOCK WITHOUT DEWAXING

A lubricating base stock useful for forming lubricants such as multigrade automotive oils, automatic transmission oils, greases and the like is prepared by hydroisomerizing a waxy hydrocarbon feed fraction having an initial boiling point in the 650-750 ·F range and an end point of at least 1050 ·F, synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process. The hydro-isomerization forms a hydroisomerate containing the desired base stock which is recovered, without dewaxing the hydroisomerate. The hydroisomerization is conducted at conditions effective to convert at least 67 wt.% of the 650-750 ·F + waxy feed hydrocarbons to lower boiling hydrocarbons. When combined with a standard lubricant additive package, these base stocks have been formed into multigrade automotive crankcase oils, transmission oils and hydraulic oils meeting the specifications for these oils.

ナフテン酸カルシウムを含む原油からカルシウムを除去するための添加剤及び方法

ディーゼル燃料の低温流れ応答

КОМПОЗИЦИИ И СПОСОБЫ, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННЫЕ ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ВЫБРОСОВ NOX В ХОДЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ

Изобретение относится к способам уменьшения выбросов NOx в ходе процесса каталитического крекинга с использованием композиций для восстановления NOx. Описан способ уменьшения выбросов NOx из зоны регенерации в ходе процесса каталитического крекинга углеводородного сырья в присутствии псевдоожиженного катализатора с получением низкомолекулярных компонентов, включающий а) контактирование углеводородного сырья в ходе процесса крекинга с псевдоожиженным катализатором (FCC), в котором происходит выброс NOx из зоны регенерации установки каталитического крекинга (FCCU), работающей в условиях FCC в присутствии циркулирующего FCC крекирующего катализатора и мелкозернистой композиции катализатор/добавка, восстанавливающей NOx, со средним размером частиц более 45 мкм, содержащей (i) по меньшей мере, 10% масс. NOx восстанавливающего цеолитсодержащего компонента, выбранного из группы, состоящей из цеолита-бета, МСМ-49, морденита, МСМ-56, цеолита-L и их смесей, и (ii) 5-50% масс. неорганического связующего ...

ДОБАВКА ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССА ГИДРОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения добавки для способа гидропереработки, включающему следующие стадии: подача сырьевого углеродсодержащего материала в первичную размольную зону с получением измельченного материала с уменьшенным, по сравнению с сырьевым углеродсодержащим материалом, размером частиц; сушка измельченного материала с получением сухого измельченного материала, влажность которого составляет менее чем примерно 5 мас.%; подача сухого измельченного материала в зону распределения с целью отделения частиц, отвечающих требованиям в отношении размера частиц, от частиц, не отвечающих критериям в отношении желаемого размера частиц; нагревание частиц, отвечающих критериям в отношении желаемого размера частиц, до температуры, составляющей от примерно 300 до примерно 1000°C; и охлаждение частиц, полученных на стадии нагревания, до температуры, составляющей менее чем примерно 80°C, с получением добавки, и в котором целевая добавка включает твердый органический материал, имеющий ...

Refinery desalter improvement

The invention relates to improved methods of desalting hydrocarbon feeds using a separator with a stacked disk centrifuge to separate an emulsified oil and water rag layer. This method is effective for desalting heavy, high ionic, and non-traditional crude oils.

Catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition

The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

Novel Methods for Regeneration of Solvents for Extractive Processes

An improved solvent regeneration system for extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction processes capable of effectively removing heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials that otherwise develop in a closed solvent loop. The improved process employs a light hydrocarbon displacement agent, which is at least partially soluble in the solvent to squeeze the heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials out of the solvent, with virtually no additional energy requirement. It has been demonstrated that the light non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the raffinate stream generated from the extractive distillation or the liquid-liquid extractive process for aromatic hydrocarbons recovery can displace not only the heavy non-aromatic hydrocarbons but also the heavy aromatic hydrocarbons from the extractive solvent, especially when the aromatic hydrocarbons in the solvent are in the C 10+ molecular weight range.

Method of scavenging hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbon stream

The invention is related to hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive, capable of scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons by forming water soluble scavenged products which are capable of getting separated from hydrocarbon even at acidic pH without causing fouling and decomposition problems, consisting of aldehyde or aldehyde and polyethylene glycol [PEG], and wherein said aldehyde is glyoxylic acid. The invention is also related to a method of scavenging hydrogen sulfide employing present scavenging additive.

Process and Apparatus for Steam-Methane Reforming

Methane reacts with steam generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a first catalytic reactor; the resulting gas mixture undergoes Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a second catalytic reactor. In the steam/methane reforming, the gas mixture passes through a narrow channel having mean and exit temperatures both in the range of 750° C. to 900° C., residence time less than 0.5 second, and the channel containing a catalyst, so that only reactions having comparatively rapid kinetics will occur. Heat is provided by combustion of methane in adjacent channels. The ratio of steam to methane may be about 1.5. Almost all methane will undergo the reforming reaction, almost entirely forming carbon monoxide. After Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the remaining hydrogen may be fed back to the combustion channels. The steam for the reforming step may be generated from water generated by the chemical reactions, by condensing products from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and by condensing water vapor generated in combustion.

Co-production of fuels, chemicals and electric power using turbochargers

A method and system for co-production of electric power, fuel, and chemicals in which a synthesis gas at a first pressure is expanded using a turbo-expander, simultaneously producing electric power and an expanded synthesis gas at a second pressure after which the expanded synthesis gas is converted to a fuel and/or a chemical.

Process for Cracking Heavy Hydrocarbon Feed

A process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising a vaporization step, a hydroprocessing step, and a steam cracking step is disclosed. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is passed to a first zone of a vaporization unit to separate a first vapor stream and a first liquid stream. The first liquid stream is passed to a second zone of the vaporization unit and contacted intimately with a counter-current steam produce a second vapor stream and a second liquid stream. The first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are cracked in the radiant section of the steam cracker to produce a cracked effluent. The second liquid stream reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydroprocessed product. A liquid hydroprocessed product is fed to the vaporization unit.

Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids

Trace element levels of heavy metals in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an oxidizing agent, extracting heavy metals into a water phase for subsequent separation from the crude oil. The oxidizing agent is selected from the group of hydroperoxides, organic peroxides, inorganic peracids and salts thereof, organic peracids and salts thereof, and ozone. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent converts heavy metals into the heavy metal cations in a water-oil emulsion, which can be subsequently separated from the crude oil, for a treated crude oil having reduced levels of heavy metals. In one embodiment, at least a complexing agent can be added to facilitate the removal by forming soluble heavy metal complexes in the water phase.

Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids

Trace element levels of heavy metals in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an oxidizing agent, converting heavy metals into heavy metal cations for subsequent separation from the crude oil. At least a complexing agent is added to convert the heavy metal cations into soluble heavy metal complexes in a water phase, which can be separated from the crude oil, for a treated crude oil having reduced levels of heavy metals. In one embodiment, the complexing agent is selected from the group of metal halides, and the oxidizing agent is selected from the group of organic peracids, inorganic peracids and salts thereof.

Methods for producing fuels and solvents

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Hydroprocessing catalysts and methods for making thereof

An improved process to make a slurry catalyst for the upgrade of heavy oil feedstock is provided. In the process, at least a metal precursor feedstock is portioned and fed in any of the stages: the promotion stage; the sulfidation stage; or the transformation stage of a water-based catalyst precursor to a slurry catalyst. In one embodiment, the promoter metal precursor feedstock is split into portions, the first portion is for the sulfiding step, the second portion is for the promotion step; and optionally the third portion is to be added to the transformation step in the mixing of the sulfided promoted catalyst precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form the slurry catalyst. In another embodiment, the Primary metal precursor feedstock is split into portions.

Method and arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive materials to fixed-bed reactors

The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system comprising means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor system comprising a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor. Also a method is provided for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system wherein said fixed-bed reactor system comprises means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor.

Method and systems for making distillate fuels from biomass

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C 8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

Optimizing Heavy Oil Recovery Processes Using Electrostatic Desalters

The invention relates to improved bitumen recovery processes and systems. The process may include providing a bitumen froth feed stream, separating the stream in a froth separation unit to produce a diluted bitumen stream, treating the diluted bitumen stream in an electrostatic desalter to produce a treated bitumen stream, and separating the treated bitumen stream into a solvent recycle stream and a bitumen product stream. The system may include a combined AC/DC desalter with a control unit for optimizing the treatment process to produce a product bitumen stream using less solvent and smaller separators than conventional bitumen froth treatment plants and processes.

Process for producing a gasoline blending component and a middle distillate by adjusting a level of a halide containing additive during alkylation

A process for producing a gasoline blending component and a middle distillate, comprising adjusting a level of a halide containing additive provided to an ionic liquid alkylation reactor to shift selectivity towards heavier products, and recovering a low volatility gasoline blending component and the middle distillate.

Additive and method for removal of impurities formed due to sulfur compounds in crude oils containing calcium naphthenate

An additive capable of avoiding formation of impurities and capable of removing or dissolving impurities formed and accumulated at the interphase of organic and aqueous layers on reaction between calcium naphthenate and sulfur compound including H 2 S in presence of water in mixture of crude oils containing calcium naphthenate and sulfur compound or H 2 S, wherein the additive is glyoxylic acid is provided. A method for avoiding formation of impurities and for removing or dissolving impurities formed and accumulated at the interphase of organic and aqueous layers on reaction between calcium naphthenate and sulfur compound including H 2 S in presence of water in mixture of crude oils containing calcium naphthenate and sulfur compound including H 2 S, comprising treating mixture of crude oils containing calcium naphthenate and sulfur compound or H 2 S with glyoxylic acid is also provided.

Oil and polar additive impregnated composition useful in the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a method of making such catalyst, and a process of using such catalyst

A composition that comprises a support material having incorporated therein a metal component and impregnated with both hydrocarbon oil and a polar additive. The composition that is impregnated with both hydrocarbon oil and polar additive is useful in the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks, and it is especially useful in applications involving delayed feed introduction whereby the composition is first treated with hot hydrogen, and, optionally, with a sulfur compound, prior to contacting it with a hydrocarbon feedstock under hydrodesulfurization process conditions.

Thermally Rearranged (TR) Polymers as Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration

Synthesis and use of a new class of polymeric materials with favorable separation characteristics for the dehydration of ethanol and other organic solvents is described herein. The thermally rearranged (TR) polybenzoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polybenzothiazole (PBT) membranes of the present invention can be used for the dehydration of ethanol during processing to fuel grade biodiesel by either pervaporation or vapor permeation. The unique microstructure of the membranes provides excellent separation characteristics, and this, coupled with their inherent thermal and chemical stability, enables their usage in other separations, such as the dehydration of other organic solvents.

Serial Deconstruction of Biomass

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using water. The method generally includes loading a reactor with biomass and water, heating the reactor to a first deconstruction temperature and establishing a first deconstruction pressure, maintaining the reactor at the first deconstruction temperature and a first deconstruction pressure for a first deconstruction period, flushing the reactor with water, and repeating these steps one or more times after establishing a second deconstructing temperature and second deconstruction pressure.

Method for the Treatment of a Liquid, in Particular a Mineral Oil

A method is disclosed for the treatment of a liquid, in particular a mineral oil, for increasing the portion of low-boiling fractions. The treatment comprises generating pressure waves having a first frequency, subjecting the liquid to said pressure waves in a region of application and feeding the so-treated liquid to a tank. At least one pipe flowed through by the treated liquid and immediately following said region of application is excited to oscillations of a second frequency, which is the resonance frequency of the excited system.

Methods for increasing catalyst concentration in heavy oil and/or coal resid hydrocracker

Methods and systems for hydrocracking a heavy oil feedstock include using a colloidal or molecular catalyst (e.g., molybdenum sulfide) and provide for concentration of the colloidal or molecular catalyst within the lower quality materials requiring additional hydrocracking in one or more downstream reactors. In addition to increased catalyst concentration, the inventive systems and methods provide increased reactor throughput, increased reaction rate, and of course higher conversion of asphaltenes and lower quality materials. Increased conversion levels of asphaltenes and lower quality materials also reduces equipment fouling, enables the reactor to process a wider range of lower quality feedstocks, and can lead to more efficient use of a supported catalyst if used in combination with the colloidal or molecular catalyst.

Hydrocracking process with interstage steam stripping

In a hydrocracking process, the product from the first stage reactor passes through a steam stripper to remove hydrogen, H 2 S, NH 3 , light gases (C 1 -C 4 ), naphtha and diesel products. The stripper bottoms are separated from hydrogen, H 2 S, NH 3 , light gases (C 1 -C 4 ), naphtha, and diesel products and treated in a second stage reactor. The effluent stream from the second stage reactor, along with the stream of separated hydrogen, H 2 S, NH 3 , light gases (C 1 -C 4 ), naphtha, and diesel products, are passed to a separation stage for separating petroleum fractions. Preferably, the effluent stream from the first stage reactor is passed through a steam generator prior to the steam stripping step. In an alternate embodiment, the effluent stream from the first stage reactor is passed through a vapor/liquid separator stripper vessel prior to the steam stripping step.

Method of removing metals from hydrocarbon feedstock using esters of carboxylic acids

Method of removing metals from hydrocarbon feedstock using esters of carboxylic acids, and additives for the same, are provided, wherein hydrocarbon stream including crude oil containing metals and salts thereof, wherein metal is calcium and its salt is calcium naphthenate, is mixed with an effective metal-removing-amount of an aqueous extraction-solution of non-precipitating and non-fouling additive comprising a chemical compound selected from a group consisting of methyl or ethyl or propyl or isopropyl mono- and/or di-esters of any one of the carboxylic acids selected from the groups consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and fumaric acid, or an appropriate combination of said esters, or an appropriate combination of any of said esters with any of said carboxylic acids to form a hydrocarbonous phase and an aqueous phase containing the metal ions; and separating aqueous phase.

Method for efficiently operating an ebbulated bed reactor and an efficient ebbulated bed reactor

A hydroprocessing method and system involves introducing heavy oil and well-dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles, or a catalyst precursor capable of forming the well-dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ within the heavy oil, into a hydroprocessing reactor. The well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles are formed by 1) premixing a catalyst precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form a precursor mixture, 2) mixing the precursor mixture with heavy oil to form a conditioned feedstock, and 3) heating the conditioned feedstock to decompose the catalyst precursor and cause or allow metal from the precursor to react with sulfur in the heavy oil to form the well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles. The well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles catalyze beneficial upgrading reactions between the heavy oil and hydrogen and eliminates or reduces formation of coke precursors and sediment.

Device and method for separating mixtures which contain oil or bitumen and additives

A device and a method for separating mixtures that contain oil or bitumen and additives. The device and the method are applicable in particular to separating stone chippings and bitumen in excavated asphalt road surfaces. In the case of oil sands and oil shale, a mineral phase can be separated from an oil phase and separation of bitumen and carrier felt can be induced in recycling of bitumen felt, oil binder and oil. The individual components of the mixture are separated from one another using a solvent, wherein the solvent takes up the oil or bitumen. The oil and bitumen are subsequently separated from the solvent so that the solvent can be reused.

Wastewater Hydrocarbon Extraction and Environmental Treatment Method and System

Method and system for extracting and recovering hydrocarbons from wastewater and treating the water to improve its condition. A series of specific unit operations result in the extraction of hydrocarbons, solids and contaminants and the treatment of water to a condition which is fit for re-use or environmentally sustainable discharge. Phase separation between the water and hydrocarbons is effected using flotation techniques followed by collection of the hydrocarbons using a movable collection surface. The aqueous phase is processed by multiple filtration steps. The result is significant extraction and recovery of hydrocarbons and conservation of water for re-use or discharge to the environment in a process which is continuous and scalable for large or small operations.

Method and apparatus for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels from coal

A method of converting coal into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of micronized coal, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the coal and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Processing Hydrocarbons

Systems and methods that include providing, e.g., obtaining or preparing, a material that includes a hydrocarbon carried by an inorganic substrate, and exposing the material to a plurality of energetic particles, such as accelerated charged particles, such as electrons or ions.

Process for direct hydrogen injection in liquid full hydroprocessing reactors

A process of hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon in a down flow reactor comprising one or more hydroprocessing-catalyst beds. The hydrocarbon feed is mixed with hydrogen and optionally diluent to form a liquid feed mixture wherein hydrogen is dissolved in the mixture, and the liquid feed mixture is introduced into the down flow reactor under hydroprocessing conditions. The hydroprocessing-catalyst bed(s) are liquid-full and the feed reacts by contact with the catalyst. Hydrogen gas is injected into at least one of the hydroprocessing-catalyst beds such that at least part of the hydrogen consumed in that bed is replenished and the liquid-full condition is maintained. In a multi-bed reactor, hydrogen gas may be injected into more than one or all of the hydroprocessing-catalyst beds.

Process for making isooctenes from aqueous isobutanol

The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

Enhanced Turndown Process for a Bitumen Froth Treatment Operation

A process for operating a bitumen froth treatment operation in turndown mode includes adding solvent to bitumen froth to produce diluted bitumen froth and separating it into diluted bitumen and solvent diluted tailings and in response to a reduction in bitumen froth flow recirculating part of the diluted bitumen into the bitumen froth and returning part of the solvent diluted tailings into the step of separating. A method for turndown of separation vessel for PFT includes sustaining the feed flow to vessel; maintaining solvent-to-bitumen ratio in the diluted bitumen froth; and retaining water, minerals and asphaltenes in a lower section of the vessel while sustaining an outlet flow. The use of diluted bitumen derived from PFT as a viscosity modifying agent of the bitumen froth and an associated process are also provided.

Cold flow response of diesel fuels

The invention provides a blend of FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below −18° C. The invention extends to use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below −20° C.

Method of Processing a Bituminous Feed Using Agglomeration in a Pipeline

The present disclosure relates to a method of processing a bituminous feed. The bituminous feed is contacted with an extraction liquor to form a slurry. The slurry is then flowed through a pipeline. A bridging liquid is added to the slurry to assist agglomeration. Agitation is also used to assist agglomeration. The result is an agglomerated slurry comprising agglomerates and a low solids bitumen extract. The agglomerates are then separated from the low solids bitumen extract. Performing the agglomeration in a pipeline as opposed to in a conventional agitating vessel may provide certain advantages, such as improved sealing in order to contain the potentially flammable mixture of oil sands slurry from the atmosphere, production of smaller and more uniform agglomerates due to improved mixing of the bridging liquid into the oil sands slurry, and the flexibility to have a long residence time for the extraction and agglomeration processes.

GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of crude oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , R(CO)— is the residue of a saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid wherein at least 60% by weight of said acid contain less than 16 carbon atoms.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Rand Rare the same and are a butyl group.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I claim 1 , Ris linear or branched alkyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein Ris linear or branched alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of the quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I as a composition comprising between 20 and 95% by weight of said salt claim 1 , a solvent and other optional additives.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises between 45 and 90% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding to the mixture of hydrocarbons and water of between 0.1 and 8.0% by weight of quaternary ammonium amide salt of formula I.9. The method of claim 8 , comprising of adding between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight of said quaternary ammonium amide salt. The present invention relates to a method to inhibit gas hydrate formation in the field of oil and natural gas extraction, transportation and processing.Gas hydrates (or clathrate hydrates, gas clathrates, clathrates, etc.) are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non-polar hydrocarbon molecules (typically gases) are trapped inside “cages” of hydrogen bonded water molecules. In other words, gas hydrates are clathrate ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING METALS AND AMINES FROM CRUDE OIL

A method of removing metals and amines from crude oil comprising adding an effective metal removing amount of one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids selected from lactic acid and malic acid and salts thereof to said crude oil; adding wash water to said crude oil; mixing said crude oil, acid and wash water to form an emulsion; and resolving said emulsion into an aqueous phase and crude oil having a reduced metals content. 1. A method of removing metals and/or amines from crude oil comprising adding an approximately 40% to approximately 70% aqueous solution of malic acid or a salt thereof to said crude oil; separately adding wash water to said crude oil and mixing said crude oil , acid and wash water to form an emulsion; and resolving said emulsion into an aqueous phase and crude oil having a reduced metals and amines content , wherein the malic acid or salt thereof is added to the crude oil upstream of the wash water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the malic acid or salt thereof is added to the crude oil before it arrives at any desalter units.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal is calcium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH of the separated aqueous phase is about 3-6.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more demulsifiers to the crude oil or the wash water.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more corrosion inhibitors to the crude oil or the wash water.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more metal complexing agents claim 1 , not including malic acid and lactic acid claim 1 , to the crude oil or the wash water.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein one or more corrosion inhibitors are added to the wash water.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said emulsion is resolved using electrostatic coalescence.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude oil is petroleum crude.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the petroleum crude comprises Doba crude.12. A refinery desalting process for removing ...

COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING CORROSION IN HYDROCARBON PROCESSING UNITS

Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines. 1. A treatment composition for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream , said treatment composition comprising at least one amine selected from the group consisting of , 1 ,2 dimethylpropylamine , 1 ,4-dimethylpiperazine , N-methyldibutylamine , N-methyldipropylamine , ethylhexylamine , N-methylpyrrolidine , di-ethyl hydroxyl amine , dimethylcyclohexylamine , diethylpropargylamine , dimethyl-N-propylamine , di-N-propylamine , N ,N ,N′ ,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMED) , N-methyl piperidine , 2-dimethylamino 2-methyl 1-propanol (DMAMP) , N ,N ,N′ ,N′-tetramethyldiaminomethane (TMMD) , dimethyl tertiary butanolamine (DMTBA) , dimethyl methoxypropylamine (DMMOPA) , furfurylamine , and combinations thereof; and wherein said amine has a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0.2. The treatment composition of claim 1 , wherein said amine has a pKa equal to or greater than about 5.0.3. The treatment composition of claim 1 , wherein said amine has a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 0.5.4. The treatment composition of claim 1 , wherein said treatment composition further comprises at least one water soluble amine.5. The treatment ...

Supercritical Water Separation Process

A supercritical water separation process and system is disclosed for the removal of metals, minerals, particulate, asphaltenes, and resins from a contaminated organic material. The present invention takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of supercritical water to effect the desired separation of contaminants from organic materials and permit scale-up. At a temperature and pressure above the critical point of water (374° C., 22.1 MPa), nonpolar organic compounds become miscible in supercritical water (SCW) and polar compounds and asphaltenes become immiscible. The process and system disclosed continuously separates immiscible contaminants and solids from the supercritical water and clean oil product solution. The present invention creates a density gradient that enables over 95% recovery of clean oil and over 99% reduction of contaminants such as asphaltenes and particulate matter depending on the properties of the contaminated organic material. 1. A process for treating a feedstock comprising:delivering a feedstock and supercritical water into a hydrothermal separation vessel, said hydrothermal separation vessel including an upper separation zone, a mid-level mixing zone, and a bottom concentration zone, wherein the feedstock and supercritical water are fed separately into the mixing zone to form a mixture, said mixing zone providing sufficient shear and mixing to cause dissolution of any soluble components of the feedstock into the supercritical water;maintaining a temperature and pressure within the hydrothermal separation vessel to achieve a vertical density gradient therein such that the separation zone exhibits a lower density than the concentration zone to form a product stream and a stream containing insoluble components; andremoving the product stream from the separation zone and the stream containing insoluble components from the concentration zone.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein any components present in the feedstock that are ...

TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED OIL PRODUCED BY OIL AND GAS WELLS

A method of treating a contaminated oil comprising preparing a brine solution, adding ozone to the brine solution to produce ozonated brine solution, adding a volume of ozonated brine solution to a volume of the contaminated oil, mixing the volumes of contaminated oil and ozonated brine solution with coagulant and surfactant at a shear rate sufficiently high so as to cause formation of an emulsion of the contaminated oil and the brine solution, stopping the mixing, thereby causing the emulsion to separate into an aqueous brine liquid phase and an oil liquid phase, separating the brine liquid phase from the oil liquid phase, and separating at least one contaminant from the oil liquid phase to produce a volume of purified oil. 1. A method of treating a contaminated oil , the method comprising:a) preparing a brine solution;b) adding ozone to the brine solution to produce ozonated brine solution;c) adding a volume of ozonated brine solution to a volume of the contaminated oil;d) adding a coagulant to the volume of contaminated oil;e) adding a surfactant to the volume of contaminated oil;f) mixing the volumes of contaminated oil and ozonated brine solution, the coagulant, and the surfactant at a shear rate sufficiently high so as to cause formation of an emulsion of the contaminated oil and the brine solution;g) stopping the mixing, thereby causing the emulsion to separate into an aqueous brine liquid phase and an oil liquid phase;h) separating the brine liquid phase from the oil liquid phase; andi) separating at least one contaminant from the oil liquid phase to produce a volume of purified oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ozone concentration in the ozonated brine solution is at least one part per million of ozone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ozone concentration in the ozonated brine solution is up to 15 parts per million of ozone.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding ozone to the brine solution is performed by discharging bubbles of ozone ...

SUPERCRITICAL WATER PROCESS TO PRODUCE BOTTOM FREE HYDROCARBONS

A process to produce a light hydrocarbon fraction from a heavy residue feed, the process comprising the steps of operating the first supercritical reactor such that the heavy residue feed and the supercritical water stream undergo conversion reactions to produce a reactor effluent, introducing the reactor effluent to a top inlet in a top portion of a second supercritical reactor, introducing a supercritical water stream to a bottom inlet in a bottom portion of the second supercritical reactor, operating the second supercritical reactor such that the bottom of the barrel fraction is configured to settle in the bottom portion of the second supercritical reactor, withdrawing an upgraded product stream from a top outlet in the top portion of the second supercritical reactor, and withdrawing a heavy product stream from a bottom outlet in the bottom portion of the second supercritical reactor. 1. A system to produce a light hydrocarbon fraction from a heavy residue feed , the system comprising:a first supercritical reactor, the first supercritical reactor configured to operate such that the heavy residue feed and a supercritical water feed undergo conversion reactions to produce a reactor effluent, wherein the temperature in the first supercritical reactor is between 380 deg C. and 450 deg C., wherein the pressure in the first supercritical reactor is greater than the critical pressure of water, wherein the reactor effluent comprises a light hydrocarbon fraction, a bottom of the barrel fraction, and water;a top inlet in a top portion of a second supercritical reactor fluidly connected to the first supercritical reactor, the top inlet configured to receive the reactor effluent, wherein the second supercritical reactor comprises a vertical reactor;a bottom inlet in a bottom portion of the second supercritical reactor, the bottom inlet configured to receive a supercritical water stream, wherein the supercritical water stream comprises supercritical water, wherein the ...

Composition for removing sulfur-containing compounds

Provided is a composition capable of safely and efficiently removing a sulfur-containing compound, especially hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound or a mixture thereof contained in a hydrocarbon, and not causing metal corrosion in devices. The composition is for removing a sulfur-containing compound in a hydrocarbon, wherein the sulfur-containing compound is hydrogen sulfide, an —SH group-containing compound or a mixture thereof, and the composition contains a dialdehyde having 6 to 16 carbon atoms and a polyalkylene glycol.

Supercritical Water Separation Process

A supercritical water separation process and system is disclosed for the removal of metals, minerals, particulate, asphaltenes, and resins from a contaminated organic material. The present invention takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of supercritical water to effect the desired separation of contaminants from organic materials and permit scale-up. At a temperature and pressure above the critical point of water (374° C., 22.1 MPa), nonpolar organic compounds become miscible in supercritical water (SCW) and polar compounds and asphaltenes become immiscible. The process and system disclosed continuously separates immiscible contaminants and solids from the supercritical water and clean oil product solution. The present invention creates a density gradient that enables over 95% recovery of clean oil and over 99% reduction of contaminants such as asphaltenes and particulate matter depending on the properties of the contaminated organic material. 1. A process for separating contaminants from a contaminated feedstock comprised of:combining a contaminated feedstock and supercritical water to form a supercritical water and feedstock solution in a hydrothermal separation vessel, said hydrothermal separation vessel including an upper separation zone and a bottom concentration zone;maintaining a temperature and pressure within the hydrothermal separation vessel to achieve a vertical density gradient therein such that the separation zone of the hydrothermal separation vessel exhibits a lower density than the concentration zone of the hydrothermal separation vessel, to cause the contaminants to separate from the solution in the separation zone and to form a product stream;removing the product stream from the separation zone of the hydrothermal separation vessel; andremoving the contaminants from the concentration zone of the hydrothermal separation vessel.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separation zone is maintained at a pressure greater than 22.1 MPa ...

Solvent Control for Centrifugation of Steam Cracked Tar

Processes for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product are provided and includes blending a tar stream containing particles with a fluid to produce a fluid-feed mixture containing tar, the particles, and the fluid, where the fluid-feed mixture contains about 30 wt % or greater of the fluid based on a combined weight of the tar stream and the fluid. The method also includes separating, e.g., by centrifuging, from the fluid-feed mixture a higher density portion and a lower density portion, where the lower density portion contains no more than 25 wt % of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture, based on the weight of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture. 1. A process for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product comprising:blending a tar stream comprising particles with a fluid to produce a fluid-feed mixture comprising tar, the particles, and the fluid; andseparating from the fluid-feed mixture a higher density portion and a lower density portion, wherein at least 75% by weight of the particles are transferred from the fluid-feed mixture to the higher density portion, based on the weight of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluid-feed mixture comprises wherein the fluid-feed mixture comprises about 30 wt % or greater of the fluid based on a combined weight of the tar stream and the fluid claim 1 , and the separation includes applying a centrifugal force to the fluid-feed mixture.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluid-feed mixture comprises about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % of the fluid based on the combined weight of the tar stream and the fluid claim 1 , and the separation includes applying a centrifugal force to the fluid-feed mixture in at least one centrifuge.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises a utility fluid that includes one or more of benzene claim 1 , ethylbenzene claim 1 , trimethylbenzene claim 1 , xylenes claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , naphthalenes claim 1 , ...

METHOD TO REMOVE SULFUR AND METALS FROM PETROLEUM

A method to selectively remove metal compounds and sulfur from a petroleum feedstock is provided. The method comprising the steps of feeding a pre-heated water stream and a pre-heated petroleum feedstock to a mixing zone, mixing the pre-heated water stream and the pre-heated petroleum feedstock to form a mixed stream, introducing the mixed stream to a first supercritical water reactor to produce an upgraded stream, combining the upgraded stream and a make-up water stream in a make-up mixing zone to produce a diluted stream, wherein the make-up water stream increases the ratio of water to oil in the diluted stream as compared to the upgraded stream, and introducing the diluted stream to a second supercritical water reactor to produce a product effluent stream. The method can include mixing a carbon with the make-up water stream. 1. A system to selectively remove metal compounds and sulfur from a petroleum feedstock , the system comprising:a mixing zone, the mixing zone configured to mix a pre-heated water stream and a pre-heated petroleum feedstock to form a mixed stream, wherein the pre-heated water stream is at a temperature above the critical temperature of water and at a pressure above the critical pressure of water, wherein the pre-heated petroleum feedstock is at a temperature of less than 150° C. and at a pressure above the critical pressure of water, wherein the pre-heated petroleum feedstock comprises a petroleum feedstock;a first supercritical water reactor fluidly connected to the mixing zone, the first supercritical water reactor configured to allow conversion reactions to occur to produce an upgraded stream, the first supercritical water reactor at a pressure above the critical pressure of water and at a temperature above the critical temperature of water, the first supercritical water reactor in the absence of externally provided hydrogen;a carbon dispersal zone, the carbon dispersal zone configured to mix carbon with a make-up water stream to produce a ...

DILUTED BITUMEN PRODUCT WATER REDUCTION

A method for processing bitumen froth comprised of bitumen, water and solids to produce a final diluted bitumen product having a reduced water content is provided whereby demulsifier is added to the bitumen froth after a first separation stage and prior to a second separation stage to produce the final diluted bitumen product having reduced water content. 1. A method for processing bitumen froth comprised of bitumen , water and solids to produce a final diluted bitumen product having a reduced water content , comprising:adding a sufficient amount of a hydrocarbon diluent to the bitumen froth to form a diluted bitumen froth;subjecting the diluted bitumen froth to a first separation stage to separate a portion of the water and solids from the diluted bitumen froth to form a raw diluted bitumen;adding a sufficient amount of demulsifier to the raw diluted bitumen;optionally, subjecting the raw diluted bitumen to a mixing and/or conditioning stage; andsubjecting the raw diluted bitumen to a second separation stage to produce the final diluted bitumen product having reduced water content.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first separation stage comprises using at least one gravity separation vessel.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one gravity separation vessel is an inclined plate settler.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first separation stage comprises using at least one centrifuge.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one centrifuge is a decanter centrifuge.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second separation stage comprises using at least one centrifuge.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one centrifuge comprises a disc stack centrifuge.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing stage comprises using an inline shear mixer.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing stage comprises using a pump.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a dosage of demulsifier ranges from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm.11. The method of ...

FUEL CLEANING SYSTEM

A system that includes a fuel treatment system. The fuel treatment system includes a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor that receives a fluid that includes fuel from a fuel supply and water from a water supply. The hydrodynamic cavitation reactor cavitates the fluid. Cavitation of the fluid cracks the fuel and forms radicals that combine with one or more substances in the fuel. A separator receives the fluid and separates the fluid into water, fuel, and one or more substances. 1. A system comprising: a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor configured to receive a fluid that comprises fuel from a fuel supply and water from a water supply, wherein the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor is configured to cavitate the fluid, and wherein cavitation of the fluid is configured to crack the fuel and form radicals that combine with one or more substances in the fuel to form one or more combined substances;', 'a separator configured to receive the fluid, and wherein the separator is configured to separate the fluid into the water, the fuel, and the one or more combined substances; and', 'a water remediation module configured to receive the water from the separator., 'a fuel treatment system, comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel supply comprises crude oil claim 1 , distillate oil claim 1 , residual oil claim 1 , shale oil claim 1 , tar sands claim 1 , and/or hydrocarbon slurries.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more substances comprises sulfur claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , aluminium and/or silica.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises a gravity separator or mechanical separator.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor comprises a fluid flow path in a body claim 1 , an obstruction disposed in the fluid flow path claim 1 , and at least one restricted flow path through the obstruction or between the obstruction and an interior surface of the body.6. The system of ...

METAL CORROSION SUPPRESSING METHOD

A method for suppressing metal corrosion attributable to a compound having an SH structure contained in a hydrocarbon, including adding at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of a monoaldehyde having 4 or more carbon atoms and a dialdehyde having 3 or more carbon atoms, to the hydrocarbon. 1. A method for suppressing metal corrosion attributable to a compound having an SH structure contained in a hydrocarbon , the method comprising:adding at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of a monoaldehyde having 4 or more carbon atoms and a dialdehyde having 3 or more carbon atoms, to the hydrocarbon.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is a dialdehyde having 3 or more carbon atoms.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-methylglutaraldehyde claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,9-nonanedial claim 1 , and 2-methyl-1 claim 1 ,8-octanedial.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is at least one selected from the group consisting of natural gas claim 1 , liquefied natural gas claim 1 , liquefied petroleum gas claim 1 , sour gas claim 1 , dry gas claim 1 , wet gas claim 1 , oilfield gas claim 1 , associated gas claim 1 , tail gas claim 1 , dimethyl ether claim 1 , crude oil claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , heavy aromatic naphtha claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , kerosene claim 1 , diesel oil claim 1 , gas oil claim 1 , lubricant oil claim 1 , heavy oil claim 1 , A-type fuel oil claim 1 , B-type fuel oil claim 1 , C-type fuel oil claim 1 , jet fuel oil claim 1 , FCC slurry claim 1 , asphalt claim 1 , oil field condensate claim 1 , bitumen claim 1 , extra heavy oil claim 1 , tar claim 1 , gas to liquid claim 1 , coal to liquid claim 1 , asphaltene claim 1 , aromatic hydrocarbon claim 1 , alkylate claim 1 , base oil claim 1 , kerogen claim 1 , coke claim 1 , black oil claim 1 , synthetic crude oil claim 1 , reformulated gasoline claim 1 , isomerized gasoline ...

METHODS OF USING IONIC LIQUIDS AS PARAFFIN INHIBITORS, POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS AND COLD FLOW IMPROVERS

The disclosure relates to the use of ionic liquids as paraffin inhibitors, pour point depressant or cold flow improvers in the production, treatment and refining of hydrocarbon fluids. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is or contains nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; and anion X is selected from the group consisting of anionic metallic complexes; sulfur or silicon containing anions; anionic phosphate esters; anionic thiophosphate esters; anionic phosphonate esters; anionic thiophosphonate esters; anionic thiols; anionic natural products; anionic phenols; anionic phenol resins; alkoxides; anionic copolymers of alpha olefins and maleic anhydride claim 1 , esters claim 1 , amides claim 1 , imides or derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof; amino fatty acids; anionic alkoxylated fatty acids; anionic alkyl substituted phosphines; anionic urea; anionic thiourea; anionic acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonate/acrylic acid copolymers; anionic homopolymers claim 1 , copolymers and terpolymers of one or more acrylates claim 1 , methacylates and acrylamides claim 1 , optionally copolymerized with one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers; anionic ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers; anionic phosphated maleic copolymers and mixture thereof or a zwitterion.4. The method claim 3 , wherein R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; benzyl; oxyalkyl; a straight or branched Calkyl group; a Calkylbenzyl group; a Carylalkyl group; a straight or branched Calkenyl group; a Chydroxyalkyl group; a Chydroxyalkylbenzyl group; and a polyoxyalkylene group and further wherein R groups may be joined to form a heterocyclic nitrogen or phosphorus containing ring; and Ris a straight or branched Calkylene claim 3 , an alkylene oxyalkylene claim 3 , or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is or contains nitrogen.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein X is an anionic ...

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON

A method for cracking hydrocarbon, comprises: providing steam and hydrocarbon; and feeding steam and hydrocarbon into a reactor accessible to hydrocarbon and comprising a perovskite material of formula ABCDO, wherein 0 Подробнее

PROCESS FOR IMPROVING COLD FLOW PROPERTIES AND INCREASING YIELD OF MIDDLE DISTILLATE FEEDSTOCK THROUGH LIQUID FULL HYDROTREATING AND DEWAXING

Novel liquid-full process for improving cold flow properties and increasing yield of middle distillate fuel feedstock by hydrotreating and dewaxing the feedstock in liquid-full reactors. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the middle distillate fuel feedstock has a nitrogen content of at least 200 wppm claim 1 , and the middle distillate product has a cloud point of at least 15° C. lower compared to the middle distillate fuel feedstock.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the middle distillate fuel feedstock has a nitrogen content of at least 90 wppm claim 1 , and the middle distillate product has a cloud point of at least 25° C. lower compared to the middle distillate fuel feedstock.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are conducted in a single reactor containing one or more catalyst beds.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are conducted in separate reactors claim 1 , each of the reactors containing one or more catalyst beds.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first product effluent includes HS and NHdissolved therein and is fed directly into the second reaction zone without separating ammonia claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide and remaining hydrogen from the first product effluent.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first reaction zone has a temperature in the range of about 225° C. to about 425° C. and a pressure in the range of about 3.0 MPa to about 17.5 MPa.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reaction zone has a temperature in the range of about 225° C. to about 425° C. and a pressure in the range of about 3.0 MPa to about 17.5 MPa.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein both the middle distillate fuel feedstock and the middle distillate product are diesels.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dewaxing catalyst is selected from the group consisting of catalysts comprising a non-precious metal and an oxide support claim 1 , catalysts comprising a crystalline claim 1 , microporous oxide structure without metal loaded ...

Oil recovery from sediments and residues from oil field operations

The inventors have invented a method to recover oil from sediments and residues from the oil field operations, comprising a series of water, solids and solvent contacting units to separate the silt and solids from the hydrocarbon phase into the water phase and a ceramic membrane filtration system for the recovery of the solvent. 1. A method for the recovery of oil from sediments and residues from the oil field operations which comprises of a series of water , solids and solvent-contacting units to separate the silt and solids from the hydrocarbon phase into the water phase and a ceramic membrane filtration system for the recovery of the solvent.2. A method for the recovery of oil from cuttings of oil perforation processes which comprises:a. mixing a hydrocarbon-solid sludge mixture with a solvent to detach any hydrocarbon phase within the sludge mixture from any solid phase in a mixing unit;b. sending the resulting mixture to a first separator settler unit where any existing solids-rich phase settles to the bottom of the unit, any solvent-rich hydrocarbon phase is recovered at the top of the unit and a partial stream of said solvent-rich hydrocarbon phase is recirculated to the bottom of the unit to help fluidize the sludge;c. recovering the solids-rich layer from the first separator settler and sending it to a second separator settler and adding water to clean the recovered solids-rich layer and recovering an additional solvent hydrocarbon layer for recirculation to the first separator settler unit, and disposing any practically clean solids resulting from the process from the bottom of the first separator settler unit;d. sending the rest of the solvent-rich stream from the first separator settler unit to a second separator settler unit for further solvent and hydrocarbons recovery, allowing any existing silt rich layer to settle to the bottom of the second separator settler unit;e. sending any existing solvent-rich layer in the top of the second separator settler ...

Method and Device for Enhanced Oil-Water Separation and Desalination in Cold Low-Pressure Separator

This invention involves a method and a device for enhanced oil-water separation and desalination in a low-pressure separator. The water-containing oil is mixed with desalted water in a countercurrent way at the entrance, wherein the desalted water accounts for 0-1% of the water-containing oil by volume. The resultant oil-water mixture then enters a T-shaped liquid-gas separator () for degassing treatment to quickly separate gas from the mixture. In a low-pressure separator, the oil-water mixture flows, from left to right, to a flow conditioner () to uniformly distribute the mixture in the transverse section, and then flows to a hydrophilic droplet agglomeration module () and a CPI fast separation module () to separate water from oil, wherein part of the separated water is discharged and the oil with a trace of water (0-0.01%) passes over a partition () to a deep separation segment. The oil is subjected to deep water removal by a conjugated fiber water removal module and then discharged, and the water captured by the conjugated fiber water removal module is subject to a conjugated fiber oil removal module for deep oil removal and then discharged. 1. A method for enhanced oil-water separation and desalination in a cold low-pressure separator , comprising the steps of1) mixing water-containing oil with desalted water at entrance to transfer salts and hydrogen sulfide in the oil to the desalted water, and flowing the resultant oil-water mixture into a T-shaped liquid-gas separator to rapidly separate gas from the oil-water mixture via flash evaporation, wherein the oil has a pressure of 0.6-4.5 MPa and a temperature of 20-90° C. at the entrance, and the desalted water is injected in such a rate that the injected desalted water accounts for 0-1% of the water-containing oil by volume;2) subjecting the oil-water mixture to secondary washing by injected water, flow conditioning and preliminary separation to separate water having a droplet size over 30 μm, wherein a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING GASES

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system. 1. A method for processing a methane-containing inflow gas to produce outflow gas products , comprising directing the methane-containing inflow gas into a system comprising: a gas delivery subsystem , a plasma reaction chamber , a microwave subsystem , a vacuum subsystem , and an effluent separation and disposal subsystem; wherein the gas injector comprises an injector body comprising two or more separate gas feeds, a first gas feed conveying the methane-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber through a first set of one or more nozzles, and a second gas feed conveying a hydrogen-rich reactant gas into the plasma reaction chamber through a second set of one or more nozzles,', 'wherein the delivery conduit is in fluid communication with the gas injector, wherein the delivery conduit comprises a feed gas conveying circuit that delivers the methane-containing inflow gas into the gas injector, and', 'wherein the delivery conduit further comprises an auxiliary gas conveying circuit that delivers the hydrogen-rich reactant gas into the gas injector, each of the methane-containing inflow gas and the ...

REMOVAL OF MERCURY BY CHEMICAL ADDITION AND MECHANICAL SEPERATION

A process for the removal of mercury comprising reacting a sulfide source with HgS solids to increase the size and sedimentation rate of the submicron mercury for removal by filtration or other mechanical processes is described herein. 1. A process for the removal of mercury comprising reacting a sulfide source with submicron mercury solids to increase the size and sedimentation rate of the submicron mercury and subsequently removing the mercury.2. The process of wherein the increase in sedimentation rate is further assisted by centrifugation.3. The process of wherein the sulfide source is selected from the group consisting of Na2S claim 2 , liquid sulfide polymers claim 2 , sulfur immobilized on silica.4. The process of wherein the mercury is selected from the group consisting of elemental claim 3 , ionic or HgS.5. The process of wherein the mercury is HgS.6. The process of wherein the size is increased to 20 microns or greater.7. The process of wherein the size is increased from 10 microns to 20 microns.8. The process of wherein the mercury is removed by filtration. Natural gas and crude oils produced in certain geographic areas of the world contain mercury in sufficient quantities to make them undesirable as refinery or petrochemical plant feedstocks. Condensates and crude oils derived from natural gas and crude oil production worldwide may contain over 1000 parts per billion by weight (ppbw) of mercury. If these condensates and crudes are distilled without first removing the mercury, it will pass into distillate hydrocarbon streams, such as naphtha and gas oils, derived from these feeds and poison hydrotreating and other catalysts used to further refine these distillate streams.In the past, adsorbents, gas stripping and chemical precipitation methods have been used to remove mercury from crudes and other hydrocarbon liquids prior to their processing in order to avoid catalyst poisoning problems. The use of fixed bed adsorbents, such as activated carbon, ...

INTEGRATED THERMAL CRACKING AND DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems arid processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. 1. A process for producing olefins and/or dienes , the process comprising:thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins, wherein a conversion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing feed is in a range from about 10 mol % to 70 mol %;dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent is not separated prior to the dehydrogenating step.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent via direct heat exchange with a hydrocarbon feed containing one or more C1-C4 hydrocarbons.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the thermally cracking is performed in one of a pyrolysis reactor or a heat exchanger claim 1 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent recovered from the pyrolysis reactor or heat exchanger is at a temperature in the range from about 550° C. to about 725° C.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to a temperature in the range from about 500° C. to about 650° C. prior to dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating the dehydrogenated effluent into one or more fractions selected from a hydrogen fraction claim 1 , a methane fraction claim 1 , a C2 fraction claim 1 , an ethylene fraction claim 1 , an ...

DEMULSIFYING ADDITIVE FOR SEPARATION OF OIL AND WATER

A demulsifying additive comprising a branched aliphatic compound may be introduced to a stream containing mixtures of or emulsions of oil and water in an effective amount to separate water from the oil in the stream, such as separating oil from emulsified oil-in-water and/or separating water from emulsified water-in-oil in a production fluid. The branched aliphatic compound may be grafted with a polyether via a crosslinking reaction. Alternatively, branched aliphatic compounds may be crosslinked together. 1. A method for separating oil and water in a stream containing a mixture of oil and water , the method comprising:introducing an effective amount of a demulsifying additive comprising a branched aliphatic compound to the stream containing the mixture of oil and water to separate the water from the oil in the stream; andseparating the water from the oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the branched aliphatic compound has 20 or more carbon atoms.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the branched aliphatic compound comprises branches containing functional groups having 2 to 28 carbon atoms.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the branched aliphatic compound comprises branches containing functional groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups claim 3 , arylalkyl groups claim 3 , cycloalkyl groups claim 3 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the branched aliphatic compound is crosslinked to another branched aliphatic compound to form a hyperbranched aliphatic compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the hyperbranched aliphatic compound is a dendrimer.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the branched aliphatic compound comprises branches containing functional groups selected from the group consisting of oxygen functional groups claim 2 , nitrogen functional groups claim 2 , sulfur functional groups claim 2 , phosphorous functional groups claim 2 , and combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the branched aliphatic ...

HIGH TEMPERATURE TOLERANT, MODIFIED CATIONIC STARCH-BASED ADDITIVES FOR WATER CLARIFICATION

The present disclosure is directed to additives comprising modified cationic starches that may be applied to a production fluid at high temperatures, such as temperatures ranging from about 80° C. to about 300° C., for separating water from an emulsion in the production fluid. 1. A method for separating water from an emulsion comprising hydrocarbons and water , the method comprising: introducing an additive into a fluid containing the emulsion , the additive comprising an effective amount of a modified cationic starch to separate at least a portion of the water from the emulsion , wherein the temperature of the fluid or the additive ranges from about 80° C. to about 300° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a production fluid selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon stream claim 1 , an aqueous stream claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive further comprises a water clarifier compound.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the water clarifier compound is selected from a group consisting of polycondensate based on N claim 3 ,N′-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea claim 3 , polyacrylate copolymers claim 3 , polyacrylamide copolymers claim 3 , poly(acrylate/acrylamide) copolymers claim 3 , polycondensate based on alkanolamines claim 3 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cationic starch is derived from a starch selected from a group consisting of corn starches claim 1 , potato starches claim 1 , tapioca starches claim 1 , sago starches claim 1 , rice starches claim 1 , wheat starches claim 1 , waxy maize starches claim 1 , grain sorghum starches claim 1 , grain starches claim 1 , plant starches claim 1 , carbohydrates claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , polysaccharides claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cationic starch is a quaternary ammonium cation starch. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises 36 wt. % to about 95 wt ...

USE OF SURFACTANTS IN WATER-BASED BITUMEN EXTRACTION PROCESSES

A process for extracting bitumen from oil sand ore to produce a bitumen froth having reduced solids is provided, comprising mixing the oil sand ore with water and a first process aid comprising at least one surfactant to form an oil sand slurry; conditioning the oil sand slurry to produce a conditioned oil sand slurry; and introducing the conditioned oil sand slurry into a separation zone for forming the bitumen froth having reduced solids. 1. A process for extracting bitumen from oil sand ore to produce a bitumen froth having reduced solids , comprising:(a) mixing the oil sand ore with water and a first process aid comprising at least one surfactant to form an oil sand slurry;(b) conditioning the oil sand slurry to produce a conditioned oil sand slurry; and(c) introducing the conditioned oil sand slurry into a separation zone for forming the bitumen froth having reduced solids and tailings.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising mixing the oil sand ore with a second process aid selected from the group consisting of citrate claim 1 , triphosphate claim 1 , caustic claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one surfactant includes an anionic surfactant.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the anionic surfactant is a surfactant that contains an anionic functional group at its head selected from the group consisting of sulfate claim 3 , sulfonate claim 3 , phosphate claim 3 , and carboxylates.5. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl sulfate claim 3 , sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) claim 3 , lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) claim 3 , sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and sodium myreth sulfate.6. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dioctyl sulfocuccinate.7. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the ...

Hydrothermal Purification Process

A process and system for reducing contaminants contained in a contaminated feedstock comprising mixing the contaminated feedstock with water and at least one of metal scavengers or reactants, to form a feedstock-water-reactant mixture, feeding the mixture under pressure into a hydrothermal purification reactor, wherein the mixture is subject to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions to cause rapid reaction of the inorganic contaminants with the metal scavengers or reactants to form inorganic salts that partition into an aqueous phase and maintaining the temperature, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions of the feedstock-water-reactant mixture for a predetermined space time to prevent the organic portion of the feedstock in the mixture from undergoing a conversion reaction and to form a hydrothermal reactor effluent; and separating the effluent into the aqueous phase containing salts of the inorganic contaminants and an organic phase that contains a lower concentration of inorganic contaminants than the contaminated feedstock. 1. A process for reducing contaminants contained in a contaminated feedstock comprising:mixing the contaminated feedstock with water and at least one of metal scavengers or reactants, wherein the metal scavengers or reactants comprise acid or salt solutions, or a combination of acid and salt solutions, to form a feedstock-water-reactant mixture;feeding the feedstock-water-reactant mixture under pressure into a hydrothermal purification reactor, wherein the mixture is subject to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions;maintaining the temperature, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions of the feedstock-water-reactant mixture in a manner that causes rapid reaction of the inorganic contaminants with the at least one of the metal scavengers or reactants to form inorganic salts that partition into an aqueous phase and maintaining the temperature, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions of the feedstock-water-reactant mixture for a ...

METHOD FOR CONVERTING HEAVY OIL BY MEANS OF HIGH ASPHALTENE DISPERSION

The present invention relates to a method for converting heavy oil by means of high dispersion of asphaltenes, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture by mixing an amphiphilic additive and the heavy oil; and performing a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture, wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises both a polar group and a nonpolar group. 1. A method for converting heavy oil by means of high dispersion of asphaltenes , comprising the steps of:preparing a mixture by mixing an amphiphilic additive and the heavy oil; andperforming a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture, wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises both polar and non-polar functional group.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the dipole moment of the polar group is greater than or equal to 1.1 Debye (D);the dipole moment of the non-polar group is less than or equal to 0.5 Debye (D); andthe net dipole moment of the amphiphilic additive is greater than or equal to 0.6 Debye (D).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the amphiphilic additive is in the form of a polymer having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 500 claim 2 ,000.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the polar group comprises at least one selected from amine claim 3 , imide claim 3 , amide claim 3 , alcohol claim 3 , phenol claim 3 , ester claim 3 , and methacrylate; and the non-polar group comprises a polymer induced from any one or combination of ethylene claim 3 , propylene claim 3 , isobutylene claim 3 , diene claim 3 , and styrene.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the amphiphilic additive is used in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 5 wt % in the mixture.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises at least one from polyisobutylene succinimide claim 2 , polyisobutylene phenol-based dispersant claim 2 , and polyacrylic-based dispersant.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises a product obtained from a bottom stream in which waste oil is distilled.8. The method of claim 7 , further ...

FAST DISSOLVING, WATER SOLUBLE, HYDROPHOBICALLY-MODIFIED POLYELECTROLYTES

Copolymers and compositions containing copolymers having advantageous viscosity, friction reduction, dissolution, pH-stability, and temperature-stability are provided. These copolymers can be used as rheology modifiers for oil field applications. 2. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the nonionic monomer comprises acrylamide claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-dimethylacrylamide claim 1 , N-vinylpyrrolidone claim 1 , vinyl acetate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the nonionic monomer comprises acrylamide.4. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the ionic monomer comprises acrylamido methylpropanesulfonic acid claim 1 , acrylamido tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) claim 1 , acrylic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , 4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , a salt thereof claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the ionic monomer comprises 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid claim 1 , or a salt thereof.6. The copolymer of claim 1 , consisting essentially of units derived from the nonionic monomer claim 1 , the ionic monomer claim 1 , and the surface-active monomer having the structure of Formula I.7. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein n is from 4 to 30.8. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein n is from 6 to 24.9. The copolymer of claim 5 , wherein n is from 6 to 12.10. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris a straight or branched Cto Calkyl.11. (canceled)12. The copolymer of claim 9 , wherein Ris a straight or branched Cto Calkyl.14. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , or a combination thereof.15. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , or a combination thereof.16. The copolymer of claim 12 , wherein Ris hydrogen.17. A composition comprising a surfactant and the copolymer of .18. A composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil claim 1 , an oil-soluble rheology modifier claim 1 , and the copolymer of . ...

Processes for producing a fuel from a renewable feedstock

Processes for the production of transportation fuel from a renewable feedstock. A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used to deoxygenate and hydrogenate the glycerides to produce long chain hydrocarbons. Water is also introduced into the reaction zone to increase the amount of hydrogen and to increase the utilization of carbon monoxide within the reaction zone. Synthesis gas may also be used to supply at least a portion of the gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The amount of hydrogen equivalents in the reaction zone is at least 100% of a stoichiometric hydrogen demand within the reaction zone.

Sequential mixing system for improved desalting

A system for desalting crude oil includes delivering a stream of salty crude oil and wash water into a mixing valve, mixing the stream of salty crude oil and wash water through the mixing valve to create a mixed stream of desalted crude oil and salty wash water, delivering the mixed stream of desalted crude oil and salty wash water to a static mixer, and mixing the mixed stream of crude oil and wash water in the static mixer. Within the static mixer, the mixed stream is mixed in a coalescing regime to coalesce smaller droplets of water into larger droplets of water. The mixed stream is subjected to an electric field to cause additional coalescence before being directed to a desalter where the salty wash water is separated from the desalted crude oil.

Method and apparatus for continuous recycling of waste plastic into liquid fuels

A method and system ( 100 ) is provided for continuous recycling of waste plastic feedstock into liquid fuels. The method includes sending the feedstock into a rotary retort vessel at an input end of the rotary retort vessel. The feedstock is received on either sides of a partition structure, wherein the partition structure connects the input end of the rotary retort vessel to an output end of the rotary retort vessel. The feedstock is pyrolized in the rotary retort vessel, wherein the feedstock produces gaseous byproducts and non-gaseous byproducts. The byproducts are moved towards the output end of the rotary retort vessel, wherein the movement is facilitated by declination of the rotary retort vessel and the one or more partition structures. The non-gaseous byproducts are continuously removed from the rotary retort vessel.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS THAT UTILIZE FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A GREATER BOILING POINT FRACTION WITH STEAM

According to one or more embodiments, presently disclosed are processes for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material. The process may include separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction, combining steam with the greater boiling point fraction upstream of the cracking of the lesser boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction in the presence of a first catalyst to produce a first cracking reaction product, cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction in the presence of a second catalyst in an environment comprising less than 0.1 mol. % water to produce a second cracking reaction product, and separating the petrochemical products from one or both of the first cracking reaction product or the second cracking reaction product.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS THAT UTILIZE FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING OF LESSER AND GREATER BOILING POINT FRACTIONS WITH STEAM

According to one more embodiments, presently disclosed are processes for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material. The process may include separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction, combining steam with the greater boiling point fraction upstream of the cracking of the greater boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction in the presence of a first catalyst to produce a first cracking reaction product, combining steam with the lesser boiling point fraction upstream of the cracking of the lesser boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction in the presence of a second catalyst to produce a second cracking reaction product, and separating the petrochemical products from one or both of the first cracking reaction product or the second cracking reaction product. 1. A process for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material , the process comprising:separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction;combining steam with the greater boiling point fraction upstream of a cracking of the greater boiling point fraction such that the steam:oil mass ratio is at least 0.5 such that the partial pressure of the greater boiling point fraction is reduced;cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction in the presence of a first catalyst at a reaction temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. to produce a first cracking reaction product;combining steam with the lesser boiling point fraction upstream of a cracking of the lesser boiling point fraction such that the steam:oil mass ratio is from 0.2 to 0.8 such that the partial pressure of the lesser boiling point fraction is reduced;cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction in the presence of a second catalyst at a reaction temperature ...

SIMULTANEOUS CRUDE OIL DEHYDRATION, DESALTING, SWEETENING, AND STABILIZATION WITH COMPRESSION

Integrated gas oil separation plant systems and methods, one system including a crude oil inlet feed stream; a low pressure production trap (LPPT); a low pressure degassing tank (LPDT); a first heat exchanger, where the first heat exchanger is fluidly disposed between the LPPT and LPDT, and is fluidly coupled to both the LPPT and LPDT, and where the first heat exchanger is operable to heat the LPDT inlet feed stream with compressed gas removed from the crude oil inlet feed stream; a first inline gas mixer preceding the LPPT to directly mix compressed gas from the LPDT into the LPPT inlet feed stream; and a LPDT recycle water stream, where the LPDT recycle water stream is operable to supply recycle water from the LPDT to the LPPT inlet feed stream.

Integrated process for conversion of whole crude to light olefins

Light olefins may be produced from a hydrocarbon feed by a method that includes separating the hydrocarbon feed into at least a light gas fraction stream comprising C 1 -C 4 alkanes, a light fraction stream comprising C 5+ alkanes, and a heavy fraction stream. The temperature cut between the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream may be at 280° C. to 320° C. The method may further include steam cracking at least a portion of the light gas fraction stream to produce a steam cracked effluent stream and catalytically cracking at least a portion of the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream in a steam enhanced catalytic cracker (SECC) to produce a catalytically cracked effluent stream. The steam cracked effluent stream and the catalytically cracked effluent stream may be sent to a product separator to produce the light olefins.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUES

According to one or more embodiments, petrochemical products may be formed from a hydrocarbon material by a method that includes separating crude oil into at least two or more fractions in an atmospheric distillation column, hydrotreating the atmospheric residue to form a hydrotreated atmospheric residue, combining steam with the hydrotreated atmospheric residue, and cracking at least a portion of the hydrotreated atmospheric residue in the presence of a first catalyst to produce a cracking reaction product.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS THAT UTILIZE HYDROTREATING OF CYCLE OIL

According to one or more embodiments, presently disclosed are processes for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material. The process may include separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction, separating cycle oil from one or both of the first cracking reaction product or the second cracking reaction product, hydrotreating the cycle oil to form a hydrotreated cycle oil, and recycling the hydrotreated cycle oil.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CRUDE OIL

A feed stream including crude oil may be processed by a method that includes separating the feed stream into at least a C-Chydrocarbon fraction, a lower boiling point fraction, and a higher boiling point fraction. The method may further include steam cracking at least a portion of the C-Chydrocarbon fraction to form a steam cracked product, steam enhanced catalytically cracking at least a portion of the lower boiling point fraction to form a steam enhanced catalytically cracked product, and hydrocracking at least a portion of the higher boiling point fraction to form a hydrocracked product. The method may further include passing at least a portion of the steam cracked product and at least a portion of the steam enhanced catalytically cracked product to a product separator to produce one or more product streams. Systems for processing a feed stream comprising crude oil are further described herein. 1. A method for processing a feed stream comprising crude oil , the method comprising:{'sub': 1', '4, 'separating the feed stream into at least a C-Chydrocarbon fraction, a lower boiling point fraction, and a higher boiling point fraction;'}{'sub': 1', '4', '2', '4, 'steam cracking at least a portion of the C-Chydrocarbon fraction to form a steam cracked product comprising C-Colefins;'}steam enhanced catalytically cracking at least a portion of the lower boiling point fraction to form a steam enhanced catalytically cracked product comprising olefins, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphtha, or combinations thereof;{'sub': '5+', 'hydrocracking at least a portion of the higher boiling point fraction to form a hydrocracked product comprising C hydrocarbons; and'}passing at least a portion of the steam cracked product and at least a portion of the steam enhanced catalytically cracked product to a product separator to produce one or more product streams.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more product streams comprise:{'sub': 2', '4, 'a first product stream comprising C- ...

Polyalkyl succinic anhydride derivatives as additives for fouling mitigation in petroleum refinery processes

The present invention provides a method for reducing fouling, including particulate-induced fouling, in a hydrocarbon refining process including the steps of providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process; adding at least one polyalkyl succinic anhydride derivative additive disclosed herein. The additive can be complexed with a boronating agent, such as boric acid, to yield a boron-containing polyalkyl succinic anhydride derivative.

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON AND METHOD FOR COATING THE REACTOR

A reactor has an inner surface accessible to the hydrocarbon and comprising a sintered product of at least one of cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, boehmite and silicon dioxide, and a perovskite material of formula: ABCD0. 0 Подробнее

PROCESS FOR UPGRADING HEAVY HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

The present disclosure provides a process that employs glycerol and a catalyst for partial transformation of heavy petroleum oils to lighter hydrocarbon liquids under mild conditions without the need of external hydrogen gas. The process uses industrially produced glycerol to upgrade heavy crudes; hydrogenates aromatics to paraffin and/or olefins without the use of external hydrogen gas; operates at mild operating conditions; and employs inexpensive catalysts. This process is completely different from the hydroconversion process where high pressurized hydrogen gas is essential. The present process requires no pressurized hydrogen gas and can significantly reduce both operating and capital costs of the traditional hydrotreating process. 1. A process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbon liquids , comprising:a) mixing a pre-heated heavy hydrocarbon liquid feedstock with glycerol in a range of weight ratios from about 5000:1 (feed to glycerol) to about (100:10) to form a mixture, and with a catalyst in a range of weight ratios from about 5000:1 (feed to catalyst) to about (100:10) to form a mixture;{'sup': 2', '2, 'b) feeding the mixture into a first stirred reactor heated up to a temperature in a range from about 200° C. to about 450° C. to partially treat the mixture and maintaining a pressure in the first reactor in a range from about +0.5 MPa to about −0.1 MPa, driving first reactor propellers to apply shear forces to the mixture in a range from about 300 N/mto about 10000 N/m;'}c) after a preselected period of time flowing the partially treated mixture to a second reactor heated up to a temperature in a range from about 250° C. to about 380° C. and maintaining a pressure in the second reactor in a range from about +0.5 MPa to about −0.1 MPa to partially treat the mixture which has a holding volume larger than the first reactor, said second reactor having a bottom with a bottom exit port and top exit port such that heavier fractions are separated from the lighter ...

Predicting Solvent Power of Light Oils

A method for recalculating the solvent power of a light oil, SP, is provided. The method comprises: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein titration intervals of less than 15% by weight are used for titrating the light oil against the reference oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil is titrated against the reference oil in the presence of a titrant and x is 1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises titrating the light oil against a plurality of reference oils claim 1 , predicting a solvent power of the light oil for each of the plurality of reference oils and determining an average predicted solvent power of the light oil.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the light oil is titrated against at least 5 reference oils.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent power of the reference oil claim 1 , SP claim 1 , is estimated from the characterisation K factor of the reference oil.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the critical solvent power of the reference oil claim 1 , CSP claim 1 , is determined by titrating the reference oil against a precipitant.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil has an asphaltene content of less than 1% by weight.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference oil has an asphaltene content of greater than 3% by weight.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil and the reference oil are crude oils.11. A method for determining a relationship between the recalculated solvent power and the bulk properties of lights oils claim 1 , said method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'determining the recalculated solvent power for a plurality of light oils using a method in accordance with ; and'}determining a relationship between the recalculated solvent power and the bulk properties of the plurality of light oils.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method comprises measuring the bulk properties of the plurality of light oils.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of ...

Desalter Chemical Control System

A system may include: a crude oil desalter; one or more sample points fluidically coupled to the crude oil desalter; and one or more fluid characterization units coupled to each of the one or more sample points, the one or more fluid characterization units being operable to measure at least one of density or flow rate of fluid from the sample points. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method comprising:obtaining a fluid sample from a crude oil desalter;measuring at least one of a density or a mass flow rate of the fluid sample; andadjusting a flow rate of a chemical additive into an inlet of the crude oil desalter based at least in part on the measured density and/or the measured mass flow rate, wherein the step of adjusting comprises generating a control signal from a PID flow controller and sending the control signal to a chemical additive pump, wherein the control signal causes the chemical additive pump to adjust the flow rate of a chemical additive, wherein the PID flow controller accepts a setpoint of at least one of minimum lower level of emulsion layer, maximum upper level of emulsion layer, minimum emulsion height, and maximum emulsion height, and wherein the PID flow controller outputs the control signal in based at least in part on the setpoint and the density, the mass flow rate, or both.9. The method of wherein the step of measuring comprises measuring using a mass flow meter claim 8 , a densometer claim 8 , or both.10. The method of wherein the step of measuring comprises measuring mass flow rate using a Coriolis meter.11. (canceled)12. The method of wherein the PID flow controller takes as input the density claim 8 , the mass flow rate claim 8 , or both and outputs the control signal based at least in part on the density claim 8 , the mass flow rate claim 8 , or both.13. (canceled)14. The method of wherein the chemical additive is selected from the group consisting of a primary emulsion breaker claim 8 , an adjunct breaker claim 8 , a solids wetting agent claim 8 , ...

PRODUCTION OF HIGH ENERGY-DENSE LIQUID HYDROCARBON FROM LOW ENERGY-DENSE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUND(S)

Methods to convert an oxygen containing organic compound(s) to one or more water-free liquid hydrocarbons products. They make use of a catalytic process in a two-stage reactor system having a first reactor and a second reactor in series. Process design is described for effective conversion of aqueous low energy-dense aqueous solutions containing oxygen containing organic compound(s) to liquid hydrocarbons; the process design preferably employs the solid acid catalysts comprised of microporous aluminosilicates denoted as zeolites mixed with silicon carbide binder in series of two reactor system with capability of complete water removal. 1. A method to convert an oxygen containing organic compound to one or more water-free liquid hydrocarbons products using a catalytic process in a two-stage reactor system having a first reactor and a second reactor in series , the method comprising:in the first reactor, aided with a catalyst, converting a feedstock of an aqueous solution of an oxygen containing organic compound to ethylene gas and water;allowing the resulting ethylene gas produced to flow from the first reactor to the second reactor;removing the water with a condenser between the first reactor and second reactor; andin the second reactor, aided with a catalyst, converting the ethylene gas to one or more liquid hydrocarbons.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution of the oxygen containing organic compound comprises: alcohol-water (methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , and alcohol-water mixtures) aldehyde-water (propanal claim 1 , and aldehyde-water mixtures) and ketone-water (acetone claim 1 , butanone claim 1 , and ketone-water mixtures) claim 1 , and carboxylate-water mixtures (acetate claim 1 , n-propyl acetate claim 1 , and n-butyl formate).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated-water mixture comprises ethanol in a concentration between 1% to 50% (by vol.)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic ...

METAL NANOPARTICLE-DEPOSITED, NITROGEN-DOPED CARBON ADSORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF SULFUR IMPURITIES IN FUELS

Metal nanoparticle-deposited, nitrogen-doped carbon adsorbents are disclosed, along with methods of removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream using these adsorbents. 1. A method for removing sulfur compounds , the method comprising:A) providing a first hydrocarbon feed stream, which is contaminated with the sulfur compounds; and a) contacting at least one nitrogen precursor and a suitable first metal-containing salt in a first strong acid solution;', 'b) contacting a product of a) and an oxidant;', 'c) heating a product of b) in an inert atmosphere;', 'd) contacting a product of c) with a second strong acid solution;', 'e) heating a product of d) in an inert atmosphere, and', 'f) contacting the product of e) with a second metal-containing salt., 'B) passing the first hydrocarbon feed stream through a desulfurization system comprising a metal nanoparticle-deposited, nitrogen-doped carbon adsorbent, to produce a second hydrocarbon feed stream which has about 30% to about 99.9% by weight less of the sulfur compounds than the first hydrocarbon feed stream, wherein the metal nanoparticle-deposited, nitrogen-doped carbon adsorbent is produced by a process comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second metal-containing salt is a gold-containing salt claim 1 , and the metal nanoparticle-deposited claim 1 , nitrogen-doped carbon adsorbent is a gold nanoparticle-deposited claim 1 , nitrogen-doped carbon adsorbent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein f) does not comprise a reducing agent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon feed stream is a liquid hydrocarbon feed stream.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbon feed stream is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel claim 4 , jet fuel claim 4 , gasoline claim 4 , kerosene claim 4 , compressed natural gas claim 4 , and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur compounds comprise dibenzothiophene (DBT).7. The method of claim 1 , ...

High Pressure Ethane Cracking with Small Diameter Furnace Tubes

Systems and methods are provided for performing ethane steam cracking at elevated coil inlet pressures and/or elevated coil outlet pressures in small diameter furnace coils. Instead of performing steam cracking of ethane at a coil outlet pressure of ˜22 psig or less (˜150 kPa-g or less), the steam cracking of ethane can be performed in small diameter furnace coils at a coil outlet pressure of 30 psig to 75 psig (˜200 kPa-g to ˜520 kPa-g), or 40 psig to 75 psig (˜270 kPa-g to ˜520 kPa-g). In order to achieve such higher coil outlet pressures, a correspondingly higher coil inlet pressure can also be used, such as a pressure of 45 psig (˜310 kPa-g) or more, or 50 psig (˜340 kPa-g) or more. 1. A method for performing steam cracking , comprising:pre-heating a mixture of steam and a feed comprising 50 vol % or more of ethane to a first temperature;passing the mixture into a plurality of radiant coils at a coil inlet pressure, wherein each of the furnace coils has an inner diameter of 6.0 cm or less; andexposing the mixture in the plurality of radiant coils to steam cracking conditions which include a cracking temperature of 800° C. or more and a coil outlet pressure of 200 kPa-g to 520 kPa-g or more for a residence time to produce a steam cracked effluent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coil outlet pressure is in a range of from 270 kPa-g to 520 kPa-g.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residence time is in a range of from 0.1 second to 1.0 second.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coil inlet pressure is 310 kPa-g or more.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residence time is in a range of from 0.1 to 0.3 seconds.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is 675° C. or more.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is in a range of from 760° C. to 775° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the furnace coils has an inner diameter in a range of from 2.5 cm to 5.0 cm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the furnace ...

REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN STEAM CRACKING OPERATIONS

A method for reducing COemissions from steam cracking operations can include: introducing an oxygen-rich stream comprising oxygen and from 0 wt % to 15 wt % nitrogen to a vessel; introducing hydrocarbon combustion fuel to the vessel; combusting oxygen and hydrocarbon combustion fuel in the vessel to (1) produce a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and water and (2) heat a cracking coil passing through the vessel; and performing a steam cracking reaction in the cracking coil passing through the vessel. 1. A method comprising:introducing an oxygen-rich stream comprising oxygen and from 0 wt % to 15 wt % nitrogen to a vessel;introducing hydrocarbon combustion fuel to the vessel;combusting oxygen and hydrocarbon combustion fuel in the vessel to (1) produce a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and water and (2) heat a cracking coil passing through the vessel; andperforming a steam cracking reaction in the cracking coil passing through the vessel.2. The method of further comprising:heating a steam coil and a hydrocarbon coil both passing through the vessel with the flue gas; andsupplying steam from the steam coil and hydrocarbon cracking feed from the hydrocarbon coil to the cracking coil.3. The method of claiml claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 600° C. to about 1000° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pressure in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about ambient pressure to about 600 psig.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a pressure in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 300 psig to about 600 psig.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the cracking coil at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 400° C. to about 900° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen is diluted with steam and/or carbon dioxide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an excess of oxygen is used during combustion to produce the flue ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING GASES

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system. 1. A system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products , comprising:a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem;wherein the gas delivery subsystem is in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber and directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber;wherein the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, and wherein the plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, wherein the outflow gas products comprise acetylene and hydrogen.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas is derived from a mixed gas source.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the mixed gas source is natural gas or a biogas.4. (canceled)5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of methane claim 1 , ethane claim ...

ADDITIVES TO ENHANCE METAL AND AMINE REMOVAL IN REFINERY DESALTING PROCESSES

It has been discovered that metals and/or amines can be removed or transferred from a hydrocarbon phase to a water phase in an emulsion breaking process by using a composition that contains water-soluble hydroxyacids. Suitable water-soluble hydroxyacids include, but are not necessarily limited to glycolic acid, gluconic acid, C-Calpha-hydroxy acids, poly-hydroxy carboxylic acids, thioglycolic acid, chloroacetic acid, polymeric forms of the above hydroxyacids, poly-glycolic esters, glycolate ethers, and ammonium salt and alkali metal salts of these hydroxyacids, and mixtures thereof. The composition may also include at least one mineral acid to reduce the pH of the desalter wash water. A solvent may be optionally included in the composition. The invention permits transfer of metals and/or amines into the aqueous phase with little or no hydrocarbon phase undercarry into the aqueous phase. The composition is particularly useful in treating crude oil emulsions, and in removing calcium and other metals therefrom. 1. A method of transferring metals and amines from a crude oil entering a refinery desalting process to an aqueous phase leaving the refinery desalting process , the method comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '4, 'adding an effective amount of a hydroxyacid composition to a wash water entering the refinery desalting process to transfer metals and amines from the crude oil to the aqueous phase, the hydroxyacid composition comprising at least one water-soluble hydroxyacid selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid, gluconic acid, C-Calpha-hydroxy acids, malic acid, lactic acid, poly-hydroxy carboxylic acids, thioglycolic acid, chloroacetic acid, polymeric forms of the above hydroxyacids, poly-glycolic esters, glycolate ethers, and ammonium salt and alkali metal salts of these hydroxyacids, and mixtures thereof;'}lowering the pH of the wash water to below 5, before, during and/or after adding the hydroxyacid composition to the wash water;adding the wash ...

RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON DILUENT FROM FROTH TREATMENT TAILINGS

A method for recovering hydrocarbon diluent present in froth treatment tailings, comprising introducing the tailings into a vessel; adding a first portion of steam into the vessel to form a vapour-tailings interface; and operating the vessel to increase the exposure of the tailings to the vapour-tailings interface formed in the vessel. 1. A method for recovering hydrocarbon diluent present in froth treatment tailings , comprising introducing the tailings into a vessel; adding a first portion of steam into the vessel to form a vapour-tailings interface; and operating the vessel to increase the exposure of the tailings to the vapour-tailings interface formed in the vessel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising injecting a second portion of steam into the tailings prior to introducing the tailings into the vessel.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vessel is a conical vessel and the tailings-steam mixture is introduced tangentially into the vessel.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tailings are introduced into the vessel together with a second portion of steam at or near the top of the vessel using at least one atomizing nozzle to atomize the tailings.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is a bubble column comprising an annular section and a central section having a draft tube therethrough.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first portion of steam is bubbled into the annular section and the draft tube in the central section at or near the bottom of the vessel thereby forcing contact between tailings and the vapour inside the steam bubbles.7. The method in claim 1 , wherein steam is of 50 psig or higher and the vessel is operated at a pressure of 100 kPag to 200 kPag.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vessel comprises:a body enclosing a separation chamber having a conical section;a tailings feed inlet for introducing the tailings and a second portion of steam tangentially into the vessel;a steam inlet for adding the first portion of steam ...

DISPOSAL OF DISULFIDE OIL COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES IN DELAYED COKING PROCESS

A heavy hydrocarbon oil is mixed with one or more disulfide oil compounds and/or one or more oxidized disulfide oil compounds and, optionally, a homogeneous catalyst includes dissolved hydrogen, and the mixture is subjected to a delayed coking process to produce a liquid coking unit product stream for recovery and further processing, with the delayed coking being completed in a reduced residence time as compared to the delayed coking of the heavy hydrocarbon oil without the DSO and/or ODSO compounds. 1. A process for the delayed coking of a heavy hydrocarbon oil feed , the process comprising:a. introducing and mixing the heavy oil hydrocarbon teed and one or more disulfide oil compounds, or oxidized disulfide oil compounds, or disulfide oil and oxidized disulfide oil compounds in a mixing zone and recovering a blended heavy oil mixture;b. heating the blended heavy oil mixture in a coking unit furnace to a delayed coking temperature;c. passing the heated blended heavy oil mixture to at least one coking drum of a delayed coking unit to produce a delayed coking unit product stream and depositing coke on the interior of the drum; andd. recovering the delayed coking unit liquid and vapor product stream for further downstream processing.2. The process of which includes adding a homogeneous liquid catalyst for inclusion in the blended heavy oil mixture introduced into the delayed coking unit.3. The process of in which the homogeneous liquid catalyst includes transition metal-based compounds derived from an organic acid salt claim 2 , or from an organo-metal compound containing molybdenum claim 2 , vanadium claim 2 , tungsten claim 2 , chromium or iron.4. The process of claim 2 , in which the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of vanadium pentoxide claim 2 , molybdenum alicyclic and aliphatic carboxylic acids claim 2 , molybdenum naphthenate claim 2 , nickel 2-ethylhexanoate claim 2 , iron pentacarbonyl claim 2 , molybdenum 2-ethylhexanoate claim 2 , molybdenum ...

Process for Hydroprocessing of Non-Petroleum Feedstocks

A method of hydroprocessing is performed wherein non-petroleum feedstocks, such as those containing from about 10% or more olefinic compounds or heteroatom contaminants by weight, are treated in a first reaction zone to provide reaction products. The process involves introducing the feedstock along with diluents or a recycle and hydrogen in a first reaction zone and allowing the feed and hydrogen to react in a liquid phase within the first reaction zone to produce reaction products. The reaction products are cooled and/or water is removed from the reaction products. At least a portion of the cooled and/or separated reaction product are introduced as a feed along with hydrogen into a second reaction zone containing a hydroprocessing catalyst. The feed and hydrogen are allowed to react in a liquid phase within the second reaction zone to produce a second-reaction-zone reaction product.

PROCESS AND A SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLE GRADE DE-AROMATIZED SOLVENTS FROM HYDROCARBON STREAMS

A process and a system are used for production of multiple grades of ultralow aromatic solvents/chemicals having preferred boiling range, flash point and viscosity from different hydrocarbon streams. A plurality of hydrotreating steps are used to hydrotreat a plurality of hydrocarbon feedstocks in the presence of a hydrogen gas stream and a catalyst system. Further, at least one dissolved gas stripping step, at least one adsorption step, and a distillation step are included in the process. Desired iso-paraffin molecules are thereby preserved, and the undesired aromatic molecules are converted into desired naphthene molecules. 1. A process for producing a plurality of ultra-low aromatic chemicals from a plurality of low value hydrocarbon streams , the process comprising steps of:a first hydrotreating step performed on a hydrocarbon feedstock-1 doped with 50-500 ppmw of a nitrogen compound in a first reactor unit, wherein, the first reactor unit is loaded with a dual functional catalyst system having desulfurization and hydrogenation properties to provide a first effluent;at least one dissolved gas stripping step performed in at least one stripper unit to remove at least one dissolved gas from the first effluent, wherein, the dissolved gas stripping step provides a stripper effluent;a second hydrotreating step performed on a hydrocarbon feedstock-2 in a second reactor unit, wherein, the second reactor unit is loaded with a hydrogenation catalyst system having aromatic saturation properties to provide a second effluent;at least one adsorption step for a selective adsorption, or a selective desorption of at least one molecule from the second effluent, wherein, the selective adsorption is based on the difference in polarity of the molecules to result in an effluent; anda distillation step for separating out the plurality of ultra-low aromatic chemicals from the effluent.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first hydrotreating step claim 1 , the second ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RE-REFINING AND UPGRADING USED OIL

A method for re-refining used oils comprises contacting feedstock comprising purified used oil with extraction solvent to perform continuous liquid-liquid solvent extraction, to produce an extract stream comprising the extraction solvent and an extract dissolved in the extraction solvent. The feedstock and the extraction solvent are agitated by a variable speed agitator during the solvent extraction at a selected agitation speed. The extract is separated from the extraction solvent and subjected to a continuous flow liquid phase hydrogenation treatment to produce an oil product. A system for performing the method includes a purification unit for purifying the used oil; an extraction column for extracting the extract from the feedstock; and a continuous flow liquid phase hydrogenation unit. The extraction column comprises an agitator configured to agitate the feedstock and the extraction solvent flowing through the extraction column at a variable agitation speed. 1. A method comprising:contacting a feedstock comprising purified used oil with an extraction solvent to perform continuous liquid-liquid solvent extraction, to produce an extract stream comprising the extraction solvent and an extract dissolved in the extraction solvent, wherein the feedstock and the extraction solvent are agitated by a variable speed agitator during the solvent extraction at a selected agitation speed;separating the extract from the extraction solvent; andsubjecting the extract to a continuous flow liquid phase hydrogenation treatment to produce an oil product having a viscosity index of at least 80.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase hydrogenation treatment comprises:adding a diluent to the extract to increase solubility of hydrogen in the extract, thus forming a liquid mixture comprising the diluent and the extract;adding hydrogen to the liquid mixture to dissolve the hydrogen in the liquid mixture; andheating the liquid mixture with dissolved hydrogen in the presence of ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BIOFUEL

The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy. More specifically, the present invention relates to the production of biofuel from biomass including, for example, polymeric materials. 1. A method for producing a bio-oil , the method comprising:extruding polymeric material in an extruder to thereby form a melt stream comprising the polymeric material,providing a stream of aqueous solvent that is separate to the melt stream,contacting the melt stream with the stream of aqueous solvent to form a reaction mixture,treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and a reaction pressure for a time period suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the polymeric material present in the reaction mixture into a product comprising the bio-oil, anddepressurising and cooling the product.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extruder is a single screw extruder claim 1 , a multiscrew extruder claim 1 , a counter-rotating multiscrew extruder claim 1 , a co-rotating multiscrew extruder claim 1 , a twin screw extruder claim 1 , a counter-rotating twin screw extruder claim 1 , a co-rotating twin screw extruder claim 1 , an intermeshing screw extruder claim 1 , a radial extruder claim 1 , or a roll-type extrusion press.3. The method according to or claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises venting gases and/or vapours from one or a series of ports present in a barrel of the extruder.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the gases and/or vapours comprise any one or more of: hydrogen chloride claim 3 , hydrogen bromide claim 3 , hydrogen fluoride claim 3 , chlorine claim 3 , ammonia claim 3 , carbon monoxide claim 3 , carbon dioxide.5. The method according to any one of to claim 3 , further comprising adding a base to any one or more of: the polymeric material prior to extrusion claim 3 , the melt stream claim 3 , the stream of aqueous solvent claim 3 , and/or the reaction mixture claim 3 , wherein:the base is an ...

METAL REMOVAL FROM FLUIDS

Metals, such as mercury, may be removed from aqueous, hydrocarbon, or mixed oilfield or refinery fluids by: applying a sulfur compound having the general formula HS-X, wherein X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group either alone or in combination with or as a blend with at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a pour point depressant, and/or a water clarifier to chelate the at least one metal and form a chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal and then separating the chelate complex from the fluid. 1. A method for removing metals from a fluid , the method comprising:applying a sulfur compound to the fluid, the sulfur compound having the general formula HS-X, wherein X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group, where the heteroatom is selected from a group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and combinations thereof, where the fluid contains at least one metal selected from a group consisting of mercury, copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, arsenic, selenium, lithium, silicon, and combinations thereof, the sulfur compound chelating the at least one metal to form a chelate complex; andseparating the chelate complex from the fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a buffering agent is further applied to the fluid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one demulsifier is further applied to the fluid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a water clarifier is further applied to the fluid.56-. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon fluid and a fluid comprising both water and a hydrocarbon.89-. (canceled)10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid and a pour point depressant is further applied to the fluid in an amount ranging from 15 ppm to about 2000 ppm claim 1 , based on total volume of the fluid.11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one demulsifier is selected ...

Predicting Solvent Power of Light

A method for recalculating the solvent power of a light oil, SP, is provided. The method comprises: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein titration intervals of less than 15% by weight are used for titrating the light oil against the reference oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil is titrated against the reference oil in the presence of a titrant and x is 1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises titrating the light oil against a plurality of reference oils claim 1 , predicting a solvent power of the light oil for each of the plurality of reference oils and determining an average predicted solvent power of the light oil.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the light oil is titrated against at least 5 reference oils.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent power of the reference oil claim 1 , SP claim 1 , is estimated from the characterisation K factor of the reference oil.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the critical solvent power of the reference oil claim 1 , CSP claim 1 , is determined by titrating the reference oil against a precipitant.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil has an asphaltene content of less than 1% by weight.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reference oil has an asphaltene content of greater than 3% by weight.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light oil and the reference oil are crude oils.11. A method for determining a relationship between the recalculated solvent power and the bulk properties of lights oils claim 1 , said method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'determining the recalculated solvent power for a plurality of light oils using a method in accordance with ; and'}determining a relationship between the recalculated solvent power and the bulk properties of the plurality of light oils.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method comprises measuring the bulk properties of the plurality of light oils.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of ...

APPARATUS TO SIMULATE BIOCIDE PERFORMANCE IN CRUDE PIPELINE CONDITIONS

An apparatus to simulate biocide performance in crude oil pipeline conditions is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a reactor to simulate a two-phase crude oil pipeline which includes a crude oil phase above a water phase. The reactor has an agitator to control a flow of the water phase in the reactor in response to a motor that drives an agitation rate of the agitator. A crude oil inlet supplies crude oil to the reactor for the crude oil phase. A water inlet supplies water to the reactor for the water phase. A control circuit is configured by code to control a proportion of the water to the crude oil supplied to the reactor and to control the motor to drive a desired agitation rate of the agitator. A biocide inlet supplies biocide to the reactor. A water sample outlet enables sampling of the water phase of the reactor. 1. An apparatus to simulate biocide performance in crude oil pipeline conditions , the apparatus comprising:a reactor to simulate a two-phase crude oil pipeline and including a crude oil phase above a water phase, the reactor comprising an agitator to control a flow of the water phase in the reactor in response to a motor that drives an agitation rate of the agitator;a crude oil inlet to supply crude oil to the reactor for the crude oil phase;a water inlet to supply water to the reactor for the water phase; control a proportion of the water to the crude oil supplied to the reactor by the crude oil inlet and the water inlet, and', 'control the motor to drive a desired agitation rate of the agitator;, 'a control circuit configured by logic or code toa biocide inlet to supply biocide to the reactor; anda water sample outlet to sample the water phase of the reactor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe reactor further comprises a plurality of reactors each having a dedicated biocide inlet and a dedicated water sample outlet, andthe control circuit is further configured by logic or code to independently control the proportion of the water to the crude ...

Refinery Antifoulant Process

Fouling in a refinery vessel, such as heat transfer equipment, used in a petroleum refinery operation and in which a refineable petroleum feedstock is at an elevated temperature and in fluid communication with the refinery vessel during a petroleum refinery operation, is reduced by providing in the refineable petroleum feedstock an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

Process To Produce Oil With Low Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Content

Process for TDAE-1 and TDAE-2 production is initiated with production of DAE Feeds which have kinematic viscosity at 100° C. ranges 24-67 cSt, followed by mixing them with solvent to yield Mixture of DAE Feed with density ranges 0.75-0.85 kg/liter and further contacting the Mixture of DAE Feed with solvent, like furfural, NMP and DMSO to facilitate a counter current liquid-liquid extraction, wherein the TDAE-1 and TDAE-2 are produced at ratio of polar solvent to Mixture of DAE Feed ranges 1.7-2.0 and 0.5-1.7, respectively. The PCA content of TDAE-1 and TDAE-2 are less than 3% weight and 3-20% weight. The amount of 8 Grimmer polyaromatics hydrocarbon content in the TDAE-1 and TDAE-2 are the same, that is, less than 10 mg/kg including Benzo (a) pyrene substance as much as less than 1 mg/kg. 1. A treated distillated aromatic obtained by a process comprising the following the steps:a. preparing a distillate aromatic extract (DAE) Feed by mixing one, two, or three different DAE having different kinematic viscosities,b. mixing the DAE Feed obtained at the step a above with a diluent to obtain a mixture of DAE Feed having a density of 0.75-0.85 kg/liter, wherein the diluent is selected from n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and isooctane,c. directing the mixture of DAE Feed to an extractor that has an isothermic temperature, ranges 22-35° C.,d. contacting the mixture of DAE Feed with a furfural solvent so that a liquid-liquid extraction process with counter current technique take place at an isothermic temperature, ranges 22-35° C.,e. adjusting a process of separation of interface layers in the extractor thereby transporting a mixture of raffinate and a mixture of extract through a control equipment placed at the lower portion of the column, andf. directing the mixture of raffinate to a solvent recovery unit to separate out the solvent and the diluent from the mixture of raffinate to yield an end product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein in preparing ...

STEAM-ENHANCED CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBONS TO PRODUCE LIGHT OLEFINS

A steam-assisted catalytic cracking process for a hydrocarbon feed is provided. The process includes: introducing the hydrocarbon feed, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and steam to a FCC reactor with a mass ratio of steam to hydrocarbon feed between 0.05 and 1.0; cracking the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of the FCC catalyst and steam to produce a cracked hydrocarbon feed and spent FCC catalyst, the spent FCC catalyst comprising coke deposits and hydrocarbon deposits; stripping the hydrocarbon deposits from the spent FCC catalyst with steam in a stripper to obtain a hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst; regenerating the hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator by subjecting the stripped spent FCC catalyst to heat in the presence of oxygen to combust the coke deposits on the stripped spent FCC catalyst and produce a regenerated FCC catalyst; recycling the regenerated FCC catalyst. 1. A steam-assisted catalytic cracking process for obtaining light olefin products from a hydrocarbon feed , the steam-assisted catalytic cracking process comprising the steps of:introducing the hydrocarbon feed, a modified fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and steam to a downflow FCC reactor with a mass ratio of steam to hydrocarbon feed that is between 0.05 and 1.0;cracking the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of the modified FCC catalyst and steam in the downflow FCC reactor at a cracking temperature to produce a cracked hydrocarbon feed and spent FCC catalyst, the cracked hydrocarbon feed comprising light olefin products and the spent FCC catalyst comprising coke deposits and hydrocarbon deposits;stripping the hydrocarbon deposits from the spent FCC catalyst with steam in a stripper to obtain a hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst;regenerating the hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator by subjecting the stripped spent FCC catalyst to heat in the presence of oxygen to combust the coke deposits on the stripped spent FCC catalyst ...

Methods of using ionic liquids as corrosion inhibitors

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat cooling water and/or to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion of metals.

INTEGRATED THERMAL CRACKING AND DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. A process for producing olefins and/or dienes , the process comprising:thermally cracking a C2-C6 hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing methane and a mixture of C2-C6 olefins and paraffins, wherein a conversion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing feed is in a range from about 10 mol % to 70 mol %; andwithout componential separation of the cracked hydrocarbon effluent, dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.18. The process of claim 17 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent via direct heat exchange with a hydrocarbon feed containing one or more C2-C6 hydrocarbons.19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the thermally cracking is performed in one of a pyrolysis reactor or a heat exchanger claim 17 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent recovered from the pyrolysis reactor or heat exchanger is at a temperature in a range from about 550° C. to about 725° C.20. The process of claim 19 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 650° C. prior to dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent.21. The process of claim 17 , further comprising separating ...

Method for producing renewable fuel

A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. The process involves hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock in a first hydrotreating reactor and a further hydrotreatment in a second hydrotreating reactor, where between the two reactors, the gaseous phase is removed. The specific process setup effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation.

DIRECT STEAM INJECTION (DSI) HEATING AND USE IN BITUMEN FROTH TREATMENT OPERATIONS

Direct steam injection (DSI) heating techniques can use a heater to heat a process stream in bitumen froth treatment. The DSI heater can include a diffuser with multiple side-by-side rows of outlets perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the diffuser, and a piston plug that moves axially within the diffuser to selectively cover rows of outlets to vary steam injection. The piston plug has first and second annular seals and is moved between different axial positions in a stepwise fashion such that when one or more rows of outlets are completely covered, the first annular seal is located in between adjacent rows and the second annular seal abuts against the diffuser to inhibit passage of steam so as to prevent cavitation. The DSI heater can include various other features, such as particular seal unit constructions and diffuser outlet configurations. 1. A process for heating a process stream having variable heating requirements and flowing in a bitumen froth treatment operation , the process comprising: a diffuser extending into the process stream and comprising a tubular body having a proximal portion in fluid communication with a steam source and configured to receive steam therefrom, and a distal portion comprising a perforated injection section having outlets in fluid communication with the process stream for injecting the steam at sonic flow conditions, the outlets being arranged in multiple side-by-side rows on respective planes that are each perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the tubular body; and', 'a piston plug mounted within the tubular body of the diffuser and being configured to axially move between different positions within the tubular body, the piston plug comprising a plug body and at least a first annular seal and a second annular seal positioned adjacent opposed ends thereof;, 'injecting steam directly into the process stream via a direct steam injection (DSI) heater comprisingdetermining heating requirements of the process stream; and the first ...

COUPLING REACTION APPARATUS FOR HEAVY OIL PYROLYSIS-GASIFICATION

A coupling reaction apparatus for heavy oil cracking-gasification, including a cracking section and a gasification section communicated with each other, and the cracking section is located above the gasification section; the cracking section is provided with a heavy oil raw material inlet and a fluidizing gas inlet, and an upper part of the cracking section is provided with an oil-gas outlet; and the gasification section is provided with a gasification agent inlet. 1. A coupling reaction apparatus for heavy oil cracking-gasification , comprising:a cracking section and a gasification section communicated with each other, and the cracking section is located above the gasification section;the cracking section is provided with a heavy oil raw material inlet and a fluidizing gas inlet, and an upper part of the cracking section is provided with an oil-gas outlet; andthe gasification section is provided with a gasification agent inlet.2. The coupling reaction apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein further comprising a water vapor stripping section and a particle size refining section communicated with each other;the water vapor stripping section and the particle size refining section are disposed between the cracking section and the gasification section, and are communicated with the cracking section and the gasification section respectively;the water vapor stripping section is located above the particle size refining section; andthe water vapor stripping section is provided with a stripping water vapor inlet, and the particle size refining section is provided with a grinding water vapor inlet.3. The coupling reaction apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein further comprising a gas-solid separation section claim 2 , and the gas-solid separation section is located above the cracking section claim 2 , and is configured to perform a gas-solid separation treatment on oil-gas in the cracking section.4. The coupling reaction apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein further ...