Flush joint

A device including a first part made of ceramic material shrink fitted with a first shrink ring, in which an edge of an axial end of a cylindrical portion of the first part to which the first shrink ring is fitted and an edge of an axial end of the first shrink ring belong to one and the same transverse plane.

Реактор термического крекинга

Полезная модель относится к нефтепереработке, в частности к реакционным аппаратам, используемым в процессах термического крекинга и висбрекинга нефтяного сырья. Реактор термического крекинга, содержит две полые емкости с соединительным трубопроводом, связанные с линиями подачи реакционной массы из трубчатой печи и снабженные патрубками подвода и отвода реакционной массы, при этом первая полая емкость выполнена в виде реакционной камеры с патрубком подвода реакционной массы из печи, размещенным в верхней части камеры, вторая полая емкость выполнена в виде сокинг-камеры, меньшей по высоте, чем первая полая емкость, а соединительный трубопровод сообщает выходной патрубок реакционной камеры с входным патрубком сокинг-камеры, причем на соединительном трубопроводе установлен редукционный клапан-регулятор давления. Полезная модель позволяет уменьшить коксоотложения на стенках реактора, упростить систему обвязки реактора, получить высококачественное сырье для производства технического углерода, 1 фиг. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 183 727 U1 (51) МПК C10G 9/14 (2006.01) C10G 9/18 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10G 9/14 (2006.01); C10G 9/18 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018125786, 12.07.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 02.10.2018 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 174495 U1, 18.10.2017. RU (45) Опубликовано: 02.10.2018 Бюл. № 28 1 8 3 7 2 7 R U (54) РЕАКТОР ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к нефтепереработке, в частности к реакционным аппаратам, используемым в процессах термического крекинга и висбрекинга нефтяного сырья. Реактор термического крекинга, содержит две полые емкости с соединительным трубопроводом, связанные с линиями подачи реакционной массы из трубчатой печи и снабженные патрубками подвода и отвода реакционной массы, при этом первая полая емкость выполнена в виде реакционной камеры с ...

Metallic Composite Comprising a Load-Bearing Member and a Corrosion Resistant Lager

A composite material intended for components used in corrosive environments, wherein said material comprises a corrosion-resistant part and a load-bearing part, wherein said parts are disposed adjacent one another, wherein the corrosion-resistant part is a copper-aluminium alloy (Cu/Al) and wherein the load-bearing part is comprised of an iron-based (Fe), a nickel-based (Ni) or a cobalt-based (Co) alloy. The invention is characterized in that the diffusion barrier is disposed between the corrosion-resistant part and the load-bearing part, and in that the diffusion barrier contains one of the substances chromium (Cr) or iron (Fe) or iron (Fe) that contains one of the alloying substances chromium (Cr) or carbon (C).

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Ethylene Furnace Decoking Method

A method for decoking radiant coils and quench exchangers in ethylene furnaces is disclosed. A chemical mixture containing a metal hydroxide and a metal carbonate is combined with steam to decoke an ethylene furnace. 1. A process for decoking an ethylene furnace , comprising the steps of:(a) supplying a mixture of steam and predetermined chemical amount at pre-calculated radiant coil outlet temperature by controlling furnace firing;(b) decreasing the flow of steam and while maintaining radiant coil temperature and chemical injection rate; and(c) further decreasing the flow of steam while maintaining radiant coil temperature and chemical injection rate until furnace de-coking is complete.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:calculating quantity of steam and chemical mixture to provide sufficient reaction time in the furnace as a function of radiant coil outlet temperature; anddetermining feasible operating radiant coil temperature for decoking.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (a) the radiant coil outlet temperature is about 850° C. to 900° C. claim 1 , depending on the furnace mechanical design claim 1 , and in the step (b) and step (c) the radiant coil temperature is same as that in step (a).4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of adjusting chemical injection rate into steam to increase coke gasification rate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (a) the steam flow rate in the radiant coils is at a velocity less than 200 msec.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (a) the steam flow rate in the radiant coils has a mass velocity less than 60 kg/m2-sec.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (a) claim 1 , step (b) and step (c) claim 1 , the chemical mixture is an aqueous solution of KOH and of KCO8. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the step (a) claim 1 , step (b) and step (c) claim 1 , the aqueous solution contains KOH—KCOmixture and the amount of up to 50 wt % KOH.9. The method of claim 1 ...

Selective separation of heavy coker gas oil

Embodiments of the invention are directed to the improvement of the design of coker systems and processes in order to improve the yields and separation of heavy coker gas oils derived therefrom.

Method and system for improving spatial efficiency of a furnace system

A furnace system includes at least one lower radiant section having a first firebox disposed therein and at least one upper radiant section disposed above the at least one lower radiant section. The at least one upper radiant section has a second firebox disposed therein. The furnace system further includes at least one convection section disposed above the at least one upper radiant section and an exhaust corridor defined by the first firebox, the second firebox, and the at least one convection section. Arrangement of the at least one upper radiant section above the at least one lower radiant section reduces an area required for construction of the furnace system.

Medium pressure steam intervention in an olefin cracking furnace decoke procedure

Described herein is a method for removing coke deposits in radiant tubes of an olefin cracking furnace and removing accumulated spalled coke from one or more outlet elbows of the olefin cracking furnace without performing a cold shutdown of the furnace.

COATING COMPOSITION FOR INHIBITING BUILD-UP OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL AND APPARATUS COMPRISING THE COATING AND METHOD

A composition useful in methods and apparatuses for inhibiting the build-up of byproduct carbonaceous material includes a perovskite material or a precursor therefor; and a yttrium doped ceria or a precursor therefor. 1. A composition comprising:a perovskite material or a precursor therefor; anda yttrium doped ceria or a precursor therefor.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material is of formula ABO claim 1 , wherein0.9 Подробнее

Compositions and methods for inhibiting fouling in hydrocarbons or petrochemicals

Antifoulant compositions and methods are used for inhibiting fouling on structural parts of a system exposed to a fluid hydrocarbon or petrochemical stream. The antifoulant compositions may comprise at least one polyalkylene anhydride ester (“PAAE”) dispersant. Other antifoulant compositions may comprise an alkylphenol sulfide (“APS”).

Fractionation of biomass-based material

A process is disclosed for fractionating biomass-based material. The process includes evaporating an evaporable part of biomass-based material in a short path evaporator, SPE, to produce a depitched lights fraction in liquid form, and a heavier pitch fraction. The depitched lights fraction may contain depitched tall oil in liquid form, and the heavier pitch fraction may contain tall oil pitch, TOP.

Reactor Components

The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described. 1. A hydrocarbon conversion method comprising: {'sub': v1', 'v2', 'v2', 'v1, 'the regenerative reactor has a first portion having a first plurality of flow passages with a wetted area aand a second portion having a second plurality of flow passages with a second wetted area a, wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.75; and'}, 'passing a first mixture comprising hydrocarbons to a regenerative reactor, wherein'}reacting at least a portion of the hydrocarbons within the regenerative reactor to produce{'sub': '2', 'a second mixture comprising Cunsaturates.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais ≦0.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.05 to 0.75.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the second wetted area ato the first wetted area ais in the range of 0.1 to 0.5.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising: [{'br': None, 'i': R', '=a', '/a', '=X, 'sub': 21', 'v2', 'v1, 'sup': (T', {'sub2': '2'}, '-T', {'sub2': '1'}, ')/300}, {'sub': 21', '2', '1, 'wherein Ris the ratio, Tis the zone temperature of the second portion in units of ° C., Tis the zone temperature of the first portion in units of ° C., and the X parameter is between 0.1 and 0.9;'}], 'calculating the ratio by the following equation{'sub': '21', 'obtaining the first portion and the second portion based on the determined ratio R; and'}disposing the first portion and second portion within the regenerative reactor.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the X parameter is in the range of 0.25 to 0.75.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

SERPENTINE FLUID REACTOR COMPONENTS

Some embodiments of the present invention provide components for a serpentine fluid reactor which is optimized for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The components are designed by computer modeling the components individually and collectively in which the cross section of flow path is substantially circular under industrial conditions to validate the model design and its operation. Then iteratively the component designs are deformed and the operation of the deformed part(s) is modeled and compared to values obtained with other deformed models until the value of the objective function is optimized (e.g. at an extreme) or the change in the objective function is approaching zero. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first pipe sections are part of a high pressure olefin polymerization reactor wherein the hydrocarbon comprises ethane.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first pipe section is part of the furnace tubes of an olefin cracker.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein over 90% of the flow passage does not change by more than 7% over an about 5% length of the flow path.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the ARQ at one or more sections over said 90% of the length of the flow passage is from about 1.02 and about 1.12.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the ARQ over said 80% of the length of the flow passage does not change by more than about 5% over an about 5% length of the flow path.722-. (canceled)23. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the ARQ at one or more sections over said remaining about 80% of the length of the flow passage is from about 1.02 and about 1.15.24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the serpentine reactor has an increasing cross sectional area in the direction of flow such that the angle between the transverse normal vector and the pipe walls range from about 0° to about 85°.25. The method ...

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON

A method for cracking hydrocarbon, comprises: providing steam and hydrocarbon; and feeding steam and hydrocarbon into a reactor accessible to hydrocarbon and comprising a perovskite material of formula ABCDO, wherein 0 Подробнее

INTEGRATED THERMAL CRACKING AND DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems arid processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. 1. A process for producing olefins and/or dienes , the process comprising:thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins, wherein a conversion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing feed is in a range from about 10 mol % to 70 mol %;dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent is not separated prior to the dehydrogenating step.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent via direct heat exchange with a hydrocarbon feed containing one or more C1-C4 hydrocarbons.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the thermally cracking is performed in one of a pyrolysis reactor or a heat exchanger claim 1 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent recovered from the pyrolysis reactor or heat exchanger is at a temperature in the range from about 550° C. to about 725° C.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to a temperature in the range from about 500° C. to about 650° C. prior to dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating the dehydrogenated effluent into one or more fractions selected from a hydrogen fraction claim 1 , a methane fraction claim 1 , a C2 fraction claim 1 , an ethylene fraction claim 1 , an ...

SUPPORT SKIRT FOR COKING DRUM

An apparatus for improving thermal-mechanical stress resistance in a delayed coking drum having a drum shell. The apparatus includes a support skirt section configured to mount to and to assist in supporting the coking drum above a ground surface. A joining edge joins the support skirt section to an exterior portion of the drum shell. A T-shaped slot is formed in the support skirt section and is located proximate the joining edge. The T-shaped slot may be formed by a vertical slot portion and a horizontal slot portion joined together as a single slot. 1. An apparatus for improving thermal-mechanical stress resistance in a delayed coking drum having a drum shell , the apparatus comprising:a support skirt section configured to mount to and to assist in supporting the coking drum above a ground surface;a joining edge for joining the support skirt section to an exterior portion of the drum shell; anda T-shaped slot formed in the support skirt section and located proximate the joining edge.2. The apparatus of wherein the T-shaped slot is formed by a vertical slot portion and a horizontal slot portion joined together as a single slot.3. The apparatus of wherein the T-shaped slot is formed by a vertical slot portion having a vertical section formed by sides; and a first horizontal slot portion having left and right ends that are separated by a horizontal section claim 1 , and wherein the horizontal section includes: left and right first horizontal faces joined by shoulders to the sides of the vertical section claim 1 , and a second horizontal face that is located opposite the first horizontal faces.4. The apparatus of wherein the vertical section of the vertical slot portion is centered between the left and right ends of the first horizontal slot portion.5. The apparatus of wherein at least one of the left and right ends of the first horizontal slot portion is curved.6. The apparatus of wherein both the left and right ends of the first horizontal slot portion are curved.7. ...

Process for production of useful hydrocarbon materials from plastic waste and reaction system therefor

A process for production of useful hydrocarbon materials from plastic waste and reaction system therefor is provided. The process includes frequentatively thermolyzing of high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as plastic waste to produce useful medium molecular weight hydrocarbons and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process utilizes low molecular weight hydrocarbons as solution reactants which helps in reducing the viscosity of the material for more effective heat transfer. The process also includes addition of one or more low molecular weight olefins and solution reactants to high molecular weight hydrocarbons to augment the free radical environment. The process also includes hydrogenating and oxidizing the high molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process enables production of the useful, predominantly hydrocarbon materials such as waxes, lube oil base-stocks, refinery feedstocks, intermediates or fuel additives. The present invention also provides a reaction system comprising thermolysis reactor including a primary zone and an optional secondary zone for production of useful hydrocarbon materials from plastic waste.

TOWER BOTTOMS COKE CATCHING DEVICE

A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while allowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned. 1. A coke catching apparatus to remove of coke in a liquid petroleum product when being processed in a petroleum product processing unit , prior to output of a refined liquid petroleum product , the coke catching apparatus comprising:a grid device having a bottom section, a grid portion having a first section positioned proximate the bottom section and a second section positioned proximate the first section of the grid portion, and a top section positioned proximate the second section of the grid portion, the grid portion including a plurality of openings, the grid device also being configured to be positioned within the petroleum product processing unit to catch coke in the liquid petroleum product when passing through the grid device and being positioned to have the bottom section proximate to an outlet of the petroleum product processing unit, the bottom section including a bottom plate of a substantially solid material and a plurality of drain holes to allow for refined liquid petroleum product to exit the outlet of the petroleum product processing unit, the plurality of openings of the grid portion of the grid device being sized to allow small pieces of coke contained in the liquid petroleum product when within the petroleum product processing unit to pass through the bottom section of the grid device to the outlet while preventing large pieces of coke contained in the liquid petroleum product from passing through when the liquid petroleum product flows into the grid device and ...

ADVANCED STEAM CRACKING

A process and system that use the heat produced in the generation of Syngas to provide heat to an endothermic reaction zone are disclosed. A method for providing heat to an endothermic reaction may comprise producing Syngas in a reforming reactor. The method may further comprise recovering heat from the producing the Syngas to heat an endothermic reaction stream in a heat transfer zone. The method may further comprise allowing reactants in the endothermic reaction stream to react to form an endothermic reaction product stream. The method may further comprise withdrawing the endothermic reaction product stream from the heat transfer zone. 1. A method for providing heat to an endothermic reaction , comprising:producing Syngas in a reforming reactor;recovering heat from the producing of the Syngas to heat an endothermic reaction stream in a heat transfer zone;allowing reactants in the endothermic reaction stream to react to form an endothermic reaction product stream; andwithdrawing the endothermic reaction product stream from the heat transfer zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the endothermic reaction is selected from the group consisting of steam cracking claim 1 , naphtha reforming claim 1 , and paraffin dehydrogenation.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer zone is disposed in the reforming reactor claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer zone comprises a fluidized bed.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising supplying the endothermic reaction stream to tubes disposed in the fluidized bed.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fluidized bed is catalytic.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovering the heat comprises supplying a Syngas stream comprising the Syngas to the heat transfer zone.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the recovering the heat comprises heating a fluidized bed with the Syngas stream.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluidized bed is catalytic and catalyzes conversion of the Syngas in the Syngas stream to a product.9 ...

Coke Mitigation In Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k−1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv). 1. A method of optimizing a pyrolysis reaction comprising the steps of:(a) measuring an absolute upstream temperature T1 in a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a parallel tube assembly having an inlet manifold, a plurality of radiant tubes, and an adiabatic restriction in at least one tube of the plurality of radiant tubes, wherein the upstream temperature is measured at a location that is upstream of the adiabatic restriction;(b) measuring an absolute temperature T2 downstream of the adiabatic restriction;(c) measuring an absolute upstream pressure at a location that is upstream of the adiabatic restriction to provide an upstream pressure P1; {'br': None, 'i': P', 'P', 'T', 'T, 'sup': '(k/k-1)', '2=1×(2/1)'}, '(d) determining an absolute downstream pressure P2 using the formula'}wherein k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv); and (i) adjusting cracking intensity of the pyrolysis reactor;', '(ii) adjusting feed and fuel control valves to distribute coking rate in the parallel tube assembly ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ON-LINE PIGGING AND SPALLING OF COKER FURNACE OUTLETS

Systems and methods for safe on-line pigging decoking of a coker furnace tubes and which also permits on-line spalling operations. 1. A method for on-line pigging in a tube coil for a furnace in a delayed coking system , which comprises:terminating a process fluid supply flow to the furnace;introducing high pressurized steam from a first pressurized steam source through the tube coil and a main line, and from a second pressurized steam source through a second line connected to the main line;isolating a vent, in fluid communication with the second line, from the main line by introducing high pressurized steam from a third pressurized steam source through the second line to maintain a constant pressure against one side of first and second closed valves positioned in fluid communication with the vent between the vent and the main line while introducing the high pressurized steam from the first pressurized steam source and the second pressurized steam source;terminating the introduction of the high pressurized steam from the first pressurized steam source, the second pressurized steam source and the third pressurized steam source;isolating a drum input line, in fluid communication with the main line, from a portion of the main line by introducing high pressurized steam from a fourth pressurized steam source through a third line connected to the main line to maintain a constant pressure against one side of third, fourth and fifth valves in fluid communication with the drum input line;disconnecting the tube coil from the main line and the first pressurized steam source;connecting the tube coil to a pigging unit after the main line reaches atmospheric pressure; andintroducing water from a water source to the pigging unit for driving a pig through the tube coil.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:supplying steam to the tube coil and to a closed blowdown system header until the tube coil of the furnace reaches at least about 400° F. and not more than about 700° F. ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYETHYLENES FROM WASTE PLASTIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in this order of: (a) providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by treatment of a waste plastics feedstock; (b) providing a hydrocarbon stream B; (c) supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s); (d) performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D; (e) supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to a separation unit; (f) performing a separation operation in the separation unit to obtain a product stream E comprising ethylene; (g) supplying the product stream E to a polymerisation reactor; and (h) performing a polymerisation reaction in the polymerisation reactor to obtain an ethylene-based polymer; wherein in step (d): ⋅the coil outlet temperature is ≥800 and ≤870° C., preferably ≥820 and ≤870° C.; and ⋅the weight ratio of steam to feed C is >0.3 and <0.8. Such process allows for optimisation of the quantity of waste plastic material that finds its way back into a polyethylene that is produced as outcome of the process. The higher that quantity is, i.e. the higher the quantity of chemical building blocks that are present in the waste plastic material that are converted to the produced polyethylene, the better the sustainability footprint of the process is. The process allows for circular utilisation of plastics. In addition, the process allows for increased efficiency in the production of polyethylene in that the fraction of ethylene in the cracked hydrocarbon stream D is increased. A further advantage of the process of the present invention is that the overall energy consumption towards polyethylene is reduced. 1. Process for the production of ethylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in an order of:(a) providing a ...

Method for identifying layers providing corrosion protection in crude oil fractions

A method for determining and identifying corrosion protective layers that provide corrosion protection against crude oils and crude oil fractions is disclosed. The method identifies naturally occurring constituents in crude oils that indirectly provide corrosion protection. A method assessing the potential of these constituents is also disclosed. The method includes exposing metal coupons with the crude oil or crude fraction of interest at the expected operating temperature of concern. The corrosion potential assessment further analyzes the exposed coupons with transmission electron microscopy and an additional high temperature exposure that challenges the tenacity of the protection offered by the corrosion protective layer.

METHOD AND REACTOR FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON AND METHOD FOR COATING THE REACTOR

A reactor has an inner surface accessible to the hydrocarbon and comprising a sintered product of at least one of cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, boehmite and silicon dioxide, and a perovskite material of formula: ABCD0. 0 Подробнее

Mixed Oxide Materials for Helium Leak Tight, Oxidation Resistant and High Strength Joints Between High Temperature Engineering Materials

A high strength joint material. A material for a joint between a ceramic body and a metal body. A material for a joint between a ceramic body and a ceramic body.

REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN STEAM CRACKING OPERATIONS

A method for reducing COemissions from steam cracking operations can include: introducing an oxygen-rich stream comprising oxygen and from 0 wt % to 15 wt % nitrogen to a vessel; introducing hydrocarbon combustion fuel to the vessel; combusting oxygen and hydrocarbon combustion fuel in the vessel to (1) produce a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and water and (2) heat a cracking coil passing through the vessel; and performing a steam cracking reaction in the cracking coil passing through the vessel. 1. A method comprising:introducing an oxygen-rich stream comprising oxygen and from 0 wt % to 15 wt % nitrogen to a vessel;introducing hydrocarbon combustion fuel to the vessel;combusting oxygen and hydrocarbon combustion fuel in the vessel to (1) produce a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and water and (2) heat a cracking coil passing through the vessel; andperforming a steam cracking reaction in the cracking coil passing through the vessel.2. The method of further comprising:heating a steam coil and a hydrocarbon coil both passing through the vessel with the flue gas; andsupplying steam from the steam coil and hydrocarbon cracking feed from the hydrocarbon coil to the cracking coil.3. The method of claiml claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 600° C. to about 1000° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pressure in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about ambient pressure to about 600 psig.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a pressure in the vessel at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 300 psig to about 600 psig.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the cracking coil at an outlet of the cracking coil from the vessel is about 400° C. to about 900° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen is diluted with steam and/or carbon dioxide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an excess of oxygen is used during combustion to produce the flue ...

Passivation and Removal of Crosslinked Polymer Having Unites Derived from Vinyl Aromatics

Methods are provided for passivating and/or solubilizing crosslinked popcorn polymer formed from vinyl aromatic precursors. The passivation and/or solubilization can be performed by exposing the crosslinked popcorn polymer to an aromatics-containing solvent at a suitable temperature and/or by heat treating the crosslinked popcorn polymer in the presence of steam and oxygen followed by exposure to an aromatics-containing solvent. The vinyl aromatic polymer can be exposed to the aromatics-containing solvent for a suitable period of time at a temperature of 200° C. or more. Optionally, the aromatics-containing solvent can be at least partially in the liquid phase during the exposure of the vinyl aromatic polymer. 1. A method for treating crosslinked vinyl aromatic polymer deposits for passivation and solubility enhancement , comprising:exposing crosslinked vinyl aromatic polymer deposited on one or more surfaces within a process vessel to a temperature of 220° C. or more in the presence of a solubility-enhancing environment to form heat-treated polymer deposits; andexposing the heat-treated polymer deposits to a solvent containing aromatics to remove at least a solubilized portion of the heat-treated polymer deposits, the solubilized portion of the heat-treated polymer deposits corresponding to 40 wt. % or more of a weight of the crosslinked vinyl aromatic polymer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (i) exposing the crosslinked vinyl aromatic polymer to a temperature of 220° C. or more in the presence of a solubility-enhancing environment comprises exposing the crosslinked vinyl aromatic polymer to the temperature in a gas phase environment comprising 0.1 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % of O claim 1 , and (ii) the solvent comprises ≥90 wt. % of aromatics and ≤0.1 wt. % of non-aromatics3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the temperature is 260° C. or more (or 275° C. or more).4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the gas phase environment comprises 0.5 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % O.5. The method ...

Decoking Process

In chemical processes for cracking hydrocarbons, reactors are subject to coking. This results in carburization of the metal substrate for the reactor leading to a reduced reactor life. If the reactor is subject to a decoke process, followed by a steam scour and nitrogenating there is a reduced tendency to carburization of the metal substrate improving the reactor life. 1. A process for decoking of a reactor for the conversion of a chemicals feedstock at a temperature greater than 700° C. , the decoking giving a scoured reactor surface which contacts hydrocarbons and further comprising treating the scoured reactor surface with a mixture comprising steam and nitrogen in a weight ratio from 20:1 to 30:1 in an amount from 80 to 110 kg/hour per reactor at a temperature from 750° C. to 850° C. for a time not less than 20 minutes , in the absence of added oxygen.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises stainless steel selected from the group consisting of wrought stainless steel claim 1 , austenitic stainless steel HP stainless steel claim 1 , HT stainless steel claim 1 , HU stainless steel claim 1 , HK stainless steel claim 1 , HW stainless steel claim 1 , HX stainless steel claim 1 , heat resistant steel claim 1 , and nickel based alloys.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the decoking giving the scoured reactor surface scouring comprises comprising treating a reactor surface which contacts hydrocarbons with a steam scour at a rate of not less than 2500 kg/hour/reactor for a time from 0.5 to 10 hours.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the decoking comprises subjecting the reactor prior to the scouring to a decoking air burn for a period of time sufficient so that air leaving the reactor has a total carbon oxide content less than 2 claim 3 ,000 ppm.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein subsequent the treating with nitrogen and steam claim 1 , the reactor is treated with a chemical to reduce coking selected from the ...

INTEGRATED THERMAL CRACKING AND DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. A process for producing olefins and/or dienes , the process comprising:thermally cracking a C2-C6 hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing methane and a mixture of C2-C6 olefins and paraffins, wherein a conversion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing feed is in a range from about 10 mol % to 70 mol %; andwithout componential separation of the cracked hydrocarbon effluent, dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.18. The process of claim 17 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent via direct heat exchange with a hydrocarbon feed containing one or more C2-C6 hydrocarbons.19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the thermally cracking is performed in one of a pyrolysis reactor or a heat exchanger claim 17 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent recovered from the pyrolysis reactor or heat exchanger is at a temperature in a range from about 550° C. to about 725° C.20. The process of claim 19 , further comprising cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 650° C. prior to dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent.21. The process of claim 17 , further comprising separating ...

THERMAL CRACKING OF CRUDES AND HEAVY FEEDS TO PRODUCE OLEFINS IN PYROLYSIS REACTOR

Systems and processes for efficiently cracking of hydrocarbon mixtures, such as mixtures including compounds having a normal boiling temperature of greater than 450° C., 500° C., or even greater than 550° C., such as whole crudes for example, are disclosed. 1. A process for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon mixture to produce olefins , the process comprising:heating a hydrocarbon mixture in a heater to vaporize a portion of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon mixture and form a heated hydrocarbon mixture;separating the heated hydrocarbon mixture, in a first separator, into a first vapor fraction and a first liquid fraction;heating the first liquid fraction in a convection zone of a pyrolysis reactor to vaporize a portion of the hydrocarbons in the first liquid fraction and form a second heated hydrocarbon mixture;separating the second heated hydrocarbon mixture, in a second separator, into a second vapor fraction and a second liquid fraction;mixing steam with the first vapor fraction, superheating the resulting mixture in the convection zone, and feeding the superheated mixture to a first radiant coil in a radiant zone of the pyrolysis reactor; andmixing steam with the second vapor fraction, superheating the resulting mixture in the convection zone, and feeding the superheated mixture to a second radiant coil in a radiant zone of the pyrolysis reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the first liquid fraction with steam prior to heating the first liquid fraction in the convection zone.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising feeding steam to at least one of the first and second separators.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:mixing the second liquid fraction with steam to form a steam/oil mixture;heating the steam/oil mixture in the convection zone of the pyrolysis reactor to vaporize a portion of the hydrocarbons in the steam/oil mixture and form a third heated hydrocarbon mixture;separating the third heated hydrocarbon mixture, ...

ETHYLENE FURNACE PROCESS AND SYSTEM

Methods and systems for managing a decomposition process are disclosed. An example method can comprise estimating a coking rate for a process based on a coking model. The coking model can comprise a pyrolytic coking term and a catalytic coking term. An example method can comprise, performing at least a portion of the process, receiving a parameter for the process, and adjusting an operation of the process based on the parameter. 1. A method , comprising:estimating a coking rate for a process based on a coking model, wherein the coking model comprises a pyrolytic coking term and a catalytic coking term;performing at least a portion of the process;receiving a parameter for the process; andadjusting an operation of the process based on the parameter.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing at least a portion of the process based on the adjusted operation of the process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operation is an anti-coking operation.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the parameter for the process comprises monitoring in real-time the parameter for the process.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein adjusting the operation comprises adjusting the process in real-time in response to the monitoring.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the operation comprises at least one step selected from the group consisting of a) modifying a time to at least one of end the process and interrupt the process claim 1 , and b) scheduling a time to clean a tube implementing the process.7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic term is based on at least one member selected from the group consisting of a) a surface concentration of catalytically active sites and b) a concentration of ethylene.1013.-. (canceled)14. A method claim 1 , comprising:determining a first coking rate for a process based on a coking model, wherein the coking model comprises a pyrolytic coking term and a catalytic coking term;determining a second ...

METHOD FOR WEAKENING AND REMOVING COKE AND CARBONACEOUS DEPOSITS

The present invention concerns a method of weakening and removal of coke or carbonaceous material which deposits as a result of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons on the inner walls of coils, piping, tubing, and in general, hydrocarbon processing equipment. 1. A method for the weakening of coke or other carbonaceous deposits on inside walls of hydrocarbon processing equipment including coils , piping , tubing said equipment comprising: exposing said equipment to a pressurized gas , introducing a gas into the equipment where the gas is sorbed into the coke or other carbonaceous deposit , and then depressurizing the equipment and contents of said gas , wherein said gas includes carbon dioxide.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing and pressurizing said equipment.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure of a gas stream is in a range between about 50 and 5 claim 1 ,000 psi.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is a mixture containing carbon dioxide and one or more secondary component gases.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas is selected from methane or a higher hydrocarbon.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component is gas is hydrogen.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas includes oxygen.8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas includes nitrogen.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas and/or the coke or other carbonaceous deposit is heated above ambient temperature during the treatment.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein depressurization is at a sufficient rate to remove loosened deposits from the furnace.11. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional subsequent step of passing a flow of gas through the equipment to sweep the loosened deposits from the equipment.12. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional subsequent step of performing mechanical cleaning treatment to remove weakened deposits from equipment.13. The method of wherein the ...

TOWER BOTTOMS COKE CATCHING DEVICE

A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while lowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of. The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned. 1. An apparatus for use assisting in the removal of coke and prevention of coke build up in hydrocracking units having tubular furnace reactors , used in the refining of petroleum products , comprising in combination:a grid device in the shape of an upside-down basket wherein the grid is defined by bars interconnected to create openings therebetween;the grid device being positioned within the tubular furnace reactor of the hydrocracking tower;the grid device positioned to fit over the outlet of the reactor; andthe grid device allowing small pieces of coke to pass through to the outlet of the reactor while preventing large pieces of coke from reaching the outlet of the reactor and restricting the flow of process d material through the outlet of the reactor.2. The coke catching apparatus of wherein the diameter of the grid device is at least 2 inches larger than the diameter of the outlet of the atmospheric tower.3. The coke catching apparatus of including a bottom plate that is solid and includes a plurality of drain holes to allow for refined product to exit the reactor.4. The coke catching apparatus of includes four distinct units that are engaged together and can easily be disassembled from each other:the four distinct units include a bottom plate, two sections of the grid device, and a top hat section.5. The coke catching apparatus of wherein the top hat is designed to prevent coke particles from settling on top of the coke catcher apparatus.6. The coke catching apparatus of ...

Integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolysis of crude oil to produce petrochemicals

An integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolosyis process for the production of olefins and aromatic petrochemicals from a crude oil feedstock is provided. Crude oil, a steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction and slurry reside are combined and treated in a hydroprocessing zone in the presence of hydrogen under conditions effective to produce an effluent having an increased hydrogen content. The effluent is thermally cracked with steam under conditions effective to produce a mixed product stream and steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction. The mixed product stream is separated and olefins and aromatics are recovered and hydrogen is purified and recycled.

System and Method for Producing Chemicals at High Temperature

A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C. or 1200° C. or even 1250° C. or even 1300° C. or even 1400° C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature. 1. A method for producing ethylene or gasoline comprising the steps of:flowing feedstock from a feedstock source to a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline, the conversion portion including a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C., the coil array having a plurality of coils, each coil having a right top portion made of super alloy that connects with the source to receive feedstock, a right oxidation protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the right top portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right top portion, a right bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached outside the furnace to the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling, a base made of silicon carbide that is attached to the right bottom portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right bottom portion, a left bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached to the base and forms a helium gas tight seal with the base, a left oxidation protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the left bottom portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the left bottom portion, and a left top portion made of super alloy that is attached to the left ...

System and Method for Producing Chemicals at High Temperature

A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C. or 1200° C. or even 1250° C. or even 1300° C. or even 1400° C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature. 1. A system for producing ethylene or gasoline comprising:a feedstock source;a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline, the conversion portion including a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C., the coil array having a plurality of coils, each coil having a right top portion made of super alloy that connects with the source to receive feedstock, a right oxidation protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the right top portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right top portion, a right bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached outside the furnace to the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling, a base made of silicon carbide that is attached to the right bottom, portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right bottom portion, a left bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached to the base and forms a helium gas tight seal with the base, a left oxidation, protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the left bottom portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the left bottom portion, and a left top portion made of super alloy that is attached to the left oxidation protected tungsten coupling ...

PYROLYSIS TO DETERMINE HYDROCARBON EXPULSION EFFICIENCY OF HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCK

An open system pyrolysis of a first hydrocarbon source rock sample obtained from a natural system is performed within a pyrolysis chamber by maintaining the pyrolysis chamber at a substantially constant temperature. Hydrocarbons are recovered from the pyrolysis chamber released by the first hydrocarbon source rock sample. A thermo-vaporization is performed within the pyrolysis chamber on the pyrolyzed sample at a substantially constant temperature. A first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock is determined. A second hydrocarbon rock sample is ground to a grain size less than or equal to or less than 250 micrometers. A second pyrolysis is performed on the ground hydrocarbon source rock sample by maintaining the chamber at a substantially constant temperature. A second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock in the natural system is determined. The first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is verified using the second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency. 1. A method comprising:performing, within a pyrolysis chamber, an open system pyrolysis of a first hydrocarbon source rock sample obtained from a natural system resulting in a pyrolyzed sample, wherein the open system pyrolysis is performed by maintaining the pyrolysis chamber at a substantially constant temperature of 375° C., the first hydrocarbon source rock sample comprising hydrocarbon source rocks having an equivalent spherical diameter of substantially at least one centimeter;recovering hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis chamber released by the first hydrocarbon source rock sample in response to the open system pyrolysis;performing, within the pyrolysis chamber, a thermo-vaporization on the pyrolyzed sample on which the open system pyrolysis was performed at a substantially constant temperature of 375° C.;recovering, from the pyrolysis chamber, hydrocarbons released by the pyrolyzed sample in response to the thermo-vaporization;determining a first hydrocarbon expulsion ...

FURNACE TUBE RADIANTS

A substantially linear ceramic or metallic radiant of ellipsoidal or polygonal cross section is placed proximate furnace tubes or coils in the radiant section of a fired heater to increase the radiant heat directed to the surface of the tubes or coils. 1. In the radiant section of a fired heater a radiant separate from the walls , having a melting point greater than 1250° C. , and creep and deformation properties not less than 85% of creep and deformation properties of the tubes in the radiant section of a fired heater , comprising a ceramic or alloy having a continuous surface.2. The radiant according to claim 1 , in the form of a substantially linear element with cross section of ellipsoid or polygon.3. The radiant according to claim 2 , having an external surface which is smooth or modified with grooves or micro-protuberances.4. The radiant according to claim 2 , comprising a continuous element.5. The radiant according to claim 2 , comprising multiple joined segments.6. The radiant according to claim 4 , having a length from 25 to 100% of the length of a tube pass in the radiant section of a fired furnace.7. The radiant according to claim 5 , having a length from 25 to 100% of the length of a tube pass in the radiant section of a fired furnace.8. The radiant according to claim 6 , having a length from 50 to 90% of the length of a tube pass in the radiant section of a fired furnace a diameter from ¼ to ¾ of the external diameter of the furnace tube.9. The radiant according to claim 7 , having a length from 50 to 90% of the length of a tube pass in the radiant section of a fired furnace a diameter from ¼ to ¾ of the external diameter of the furnace tube.10. The radiant according to claim 8 , which is vertical.11. The radiant according to claim 9 , which is horizontal.12. The radiant according to which is an alloy and has a surface having a thickness from 10 to 5 claim 4 ,000 microns comprising from 40 to 60 weight % of compounds of the formula MnCrOwherein x is ...

SEPARATION OF VISCOUS OILS INTO COMPONENTS

The invention provides methods for treating a source oil phase consisting of heavy oil, bitumen, a mixture of heavy oil and bitumen, a mixture of solvent and heavy oil or bitumen or both. The method comprises: introducing the source oil phase to a lower reservoir section of a device, flowing the source oil phase through an array of vertically extending heated pipes with an inert gas so as to thermally separate a vaporized light oil phase component from a heated liquid source oil phase, and segregating fluid flows by density in an upper fluid separating manifold to provide a light product fluid and a heavy product fluid. 1. A method of treating a source oil phase comprising a heavy oil , a bitumen , a mixture of heavy oil and bitumen , a mixture of solvent and heavy oil or bitumen or both , the method comprising:introducing the source oil phase to a lower reservoir section within a housing defining a device, the lower reservoir section of the device being in fluid communication with an array of vertically extending pipes above the reservoir section, the array of pipes extending vertically to fluidly connect the lower reservoir section of the device with an upper fluid separating manifold;flowing the source oil phase through the reservoir section into the array of pipes while heating the pipes, to provide heated pipes, wherein the heated pipes are sized to provide a selected residence time of flowing source oil within the pipes;heating the source oil phase within the heated pipes so as to thermally separate a vaporized light oil phase component from a heated liquid source oil phase within the heated pipes, to provide a vaporized light oil phase;introducing an inert gas into the lower reservoir section of the device so as to direct the inert gas into the heated pipes in a concurrent fluid flow with the heated liquid source oil phase and thereby admix the flowing inert gas in the heated pipes with the vaporized light oil phase therein, motivating the flow of heated ...

Process and Apparatus for Decoking a Hydrocarbon Steam Cracking Furnace

A process for the decoking of a hydrocarbon steam cracking furnace having a firebox, radiant coils, a transfer line exchanger, and an oil quench connection wherein liquid quench oil is injected to directly cool the steam-cracked effluent. Decoking feed comprising steam and air is supplied to the furnace under conditions sufficient to at least partially combust coke accumulated on the interior of the radiant coils, the transfer line exchanger, and the quench connection. Quench steam is supplied and injected into the decoking process effluent in an amount sufficient to cool the decoking process effluent below the metallurgical temperature limit of downstream piping. Also, a pyrolysis furnace for the production of ethylene is also provided. 1. A decoking process for removing coke formed during steam cracking of a hydrocarbon feed in a furnace having a firebox , radiant coils , a transfer line exchanger , and an oil quench connection wherein liquid quench oil is injected to directly cool the steam-cracked hydrocarbon , the process comprising the steps of:(a) stopping the flow of hydrocarbon feed to the furnace;(b) stopping the flow of quench oil to the oil quench connection;(c) supplying a decoking feed comprising steam and air to the furnace under conditions sufficient to at least partially combust coke accumulated on the interior of the radiant coils, the transfer line exchanger, and the quench connection; and(d) supplying quench steam injected into the decoking process effluent in an amount sufficient to cool the decoking process effluent below the metallurgical temperature limit of downstream piping.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the decoking process effluent is substantially free of liquid water.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the quench steam is injected at the oil quench connection.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the quench steam is injected downstream of the quench connection.5. The process of claim 1 , ...

Process and Apparatus for Decoking A Hydocarbon Steam Cracking Furnace

The invention relates a process for removing coke formed during steam-cracking of a hydrocarbon feed. The process includes providing a decoking feed to at least one radiant coil of a steam-cracking furnace under conditions to remove at least a portion of coke from the at least one radiant coil to form a decoking effluent. The decoking effluent is cooled with a liquid quench medium to provide an partially-quenched decoking effluent. The partially-quenched decoking effluent is cooled with a gaseous quench medium to provide a quenched effluent. An apparatus configured to perform such a process is also described. 1. A hydrocarbon pyrolysis process , the process comprising:(a) providing (i) a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace comprising at least one radiant coil, (ii) first and second quench stages, the first quench stage being located upstream of the second quench stage, (iii) a hydrocarbon feed, (iv) a quench oil, (v) a decoking feed, and (vi) first and second quench media, the first aqueous quench medium being primarily liquid phase and the second aqueous quench medium being primarily vapor phase;(b) providing a flow of the hydrocarbon feed to the pyrolysis furnace and providing a flow of the quench oil to the first quench stage;(c) pyrolysing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed in the radiant coil to (i) produce a radiant coil effluent and (ii) deposit coke in the radiant coil;(d) contacting the radiant coil effluent with the quench oil in the first quench stage to produce a quenched product mixture;(e) (i) decreasing the flow of hydrocarbon feed and providing a flow of the decoking feed to the pyrolysis furnace (ii) decreasing the flow of quench oil and providing a flow of the first aqueous quench medium to the first quench stage, and (iii) providing a flow of the second aqueous quench medium to the second quench stage;(f) contacting the decoking feed with the deposited coke to remove at least a portion of the deposited coke from the radiant coil and ...

Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes

The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking. 1. A weldment suitable for use in a pyrolysis furnace , the weldment comprising:a) a first tubular member comprising a first steam cracker alloy and having inner and outer surfaces; and [{'sub': '1', '(i) the first steam cracker alloy comprises Awt. % aluminum, based on the weight of the first steam cracker alloy,'}, {'sub': '2', '(ii) the second steam cracker alloy comprises Awt. % aluminum, based on the weight of the second steam cracker alloy, and'}, {'sub': 1', '2, '(iii) Ais ≧2.0 wt. % and Ais ≧2.0 wt. %.'}], 'b) one or more mixing elements in surface contact with the inner surface of the first tubular member, at least one of the mixing elements comprising a second steam cracker alloy, wherein;'}2. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Ais in the range of from 2.0 wt. % to 10.0 wt. % and Ais in the range of from 2.0 wt. % to 10.0 wt. %.3. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Ais ≧A.4. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Aminus Ais ≧0.5 wt. %.5. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Aminus Ais ≧1.0 wt. %.6. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Ais in the range of from 2.0 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %.7. The weldment of claim 1 , wherein Ais in the range of from 5.0 wt. % to 8.0 wt. %.8. The weldment of claim 1 , further comprising a second tubular member in surface contact with the outer surface of the first tubular member.9. The ...

Supercritical water processes for upgrading a petroleum-based composition while decreasing plugging

Embodiments of processes for upgrading a petroleum-based composition while decreasing plugging comprise mixing a supercritical water stream with a pressurized, heated petroleum-based composition in a mixing device to create a combined feed stream, and introducing to a supercritical upgrading reactor system are provided. The processes also comprise cooling the upgraded product in a cooling device, and decreasing the pressure of the cooled upgraded product in a pressure reducer. To reduce plugging, the processes also comprises injecting plug remover solution into one or more of the following injection locations: an injection port on a process line connecting the mixing device with the upgrading reactor system; an injection port on a process line connecting the upgrading reactor system with the cooling device; or an injection port on a process line connecting the cooling device with the pressure reducer.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING SPATIAL EFFICIENCY OF A FURNACE SYSTEM

A furnace system includes at least one lower radiant section having a first firebox disposed therein and at least one upper radiant section disposed above the at least one lower radiant section. The at least one upper radiant section has a second firebox disposed therein. The furnace system further includes at least one convection section disposed above the at least one upper radiant section and an exhaust corridor defined by the first firebox, the second firebox, and the at least one convection section. Arrangement of the at least one upper radiant section above the at least one lower radiant section reduces an area required for construction of the furnace system. 1. A furnace system comprising:at least one lower radiant section comprising a first firebox disposed therein;at least one upper radiant section disposed above the at least one lower radiant section, the at least one upper radiant section comprising a second firebox disposed therein, the at least one upper radiant section and the at least one lower radiant section being controlled independently from each other;at least one convection section disposed above the at least one upper radiant section; andan exhaust corridor defined by the first firebox, the second firebox, and the at least one convection section.2. The furnace system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one convection section is offset from the at least one upper radiant section and the at least one lower radiant section.3. The furnace system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one convection section comprises a convection inlet and a convection outlet.4. The furnace system of claim 3 , wherein the convection inlet receives a residual oil feed.5. The furnace system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one lower radiant section comprises a first radiant inlet and a first radiant outlet.6. The furnace system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one upper radiant section comprises a second radiant inlet and a second radiant outlet.7. The furnace system of ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ON-LINE PIGGING AND SPALLING OF COKER FURNACE OUTLETS

Systems and methods for safe on-line pigging decoking of a coker furnace tubes and which also permits on-line spalling operations. 1. A system for on-line pigging of a tube coil for a furnace in a delayed coking system , which comprises:a first pressurized steam source in fluid communication with the tube coil at a tube coil first end;a main line in fluid communication with the tube coil at a tube coil second end and in fluid communication with an additional drum input line, the main line having a first isolation valve between the tube coil second end and the additional drum input line, the main line having a second isolation valve between the first isolation valve and the additional drum input line;a third valve on a second line between a fourth valve and the main line, the fourth valve in fluid communication with the main line via the second line, the second line in fluid communication with the main line at a point between the tube coil second end and the first isolation valve;a second pressurized steam source in fluid communication with the second line at a point between the third valve and the main line;a third pressurized steam source in fluid communication with the fourth valve,a fifth valve in fluid communication with the second line at a point between the fourth valve and the third valve and in fluid communication with a vent;a third line in fluid communication with the main line between the first isolation valve and the second isolation valve and in fluid communication with a sixth valve;a fourth line in fluid communication with the sixth valve and a closed blowdown system header;a seventh valve between the closed blowdown system header and the sixth valve; anda fifth pressurized steam source in fluid communication with an eighth valve, the eighth valve in fluid communication with the fourth line between the sixth valve and the seventh valve.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a ninth valve between the second pressurized steam source and second ...

METHOD AND REACTOR CONTAINING PEROVSKITE FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON AND METHOD FOR COATING THE REACTOR

A reactor has an inner surface accessible to the hydrocarbon and comprising a sintered product of at least one of cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, boehmite and silicon dioxide, and a perovskite material of formula : ABCD0. 0 Подробнее

CRACKING FURNACE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK THEREIN

Cracking furnace system for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into cracked gas comprising a convection section, a radiant section and a cooling section, wherein the convection section includes a plurality of convection banks configured to receive and preheat hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the radiant section includes a firebox comprising at least one radiant coil configured to heat up the feedstock to a temperature allowing a pyrolysis reaction, wherein the cooling section includes at least one transfer line exchanger. 1. Cracking furnace system for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into cracked gas comprising a convection section , a radiant section and a cooling section , wherein the convection section includes a plurality of convection banks configured to receive and preheat hydrocarbon feedstock ,wherein the radiant section includes a firebox comprising at least one radiant coil configured to heat up the feedstock to a temperature allowing a pyrolysis reaction,wherein the cooling section includes at least one transfer line exchanger,wherein the system is configured such that the feedstock is preheated by the transfer line exchanger before entry into the radiant section.2. Cracking furnace system according to claim 1 , wherein the convection section comprises a boiler coil configured to generate saturated steam claim 1 , wherein said boiler coil is preferably located in a bottom part of the convection section.3. Cracking furnace system according to claim 1 , wherein the convection section is also configured for mixing said hydrocarbon feedstock with a diluent claim 1 , preferably dilution steam claim 1 , providing a feedstock-diluent mixture claim 1 , wherein the transfer line exchanger is configured to preheat the feedstock-diluent mixture before entry into the radiant section.4. Cracking furnace system according to claim 1 , further comprising a secondary transfer line exchanger claim 1 , wherein the secondary transfer line exchanger is configured to generate ...

PROTECTIVE SURFACE ON STAINLESS STEEL

A substrate steel of the comprising from 0.01 to 0.60 wt. % of La, from 0.0 to 0.65 wt. % of Ce; from 0.06 to 1.8 wt. % of Nb up to 2.5 wt. % of one or more trace elements and carbon and silicon may be treated in an oxidizing atmosphere to product a coke resistant surface coating of MnCrOhaving a thickness up to 5 microns. 119-. (canceled)21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first target temperature is from 225 to 235° C.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first heating step comprises heating the steel substrate at a first rate from 10 to 15° C./min.23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the first rate is from 12 to 14° C./min.24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first heating step further comprises holding the steel substrate at the first target temperature from 1.5 to 3 hours.25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first heating step further comprises holding the steel substrate at the first target temperature from 2 to 2.5 hours.26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second target temperature is from 370 to 374° C.27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second heating step comprises heating the steel substrate at a second rate from 1 to 5° C./min.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the second rate is from 2 to 3° C./min.29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second heating step further comprises holding the steel substrate at the second target temperature from 1 to 3 hours.30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second heating step further comprises holding the steel substrate at the second target temperature from 1 to 2 hours.31. The method of claim 20 , wherein the third target temperature is from 1050 to 1090° C.32. The method of claim 20 , wherein the third heating step comprises heating the steel substrate at a third rate from 1 to 5° C./min.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the third rate is from 2 to 3° C./min.34. The method of claim 20 , wherein the third heating step further comprises holding the steel substrate at the third target ...

Method to inhibit polymerization in a process water

Disclosed herein are methods for reducing fouling caused by process water present within a water recycling loop of a pyrolysis plant. Fouling is caused by phase separation and accumulation of materials from the process water on equipment surfaces. The method includes applying a total of about 5 ppm to 500 ppm total of a first polymerization inhibitor and second polymerization inhibitor to the process water to form a treated process water, wherein the first polymerization inhibitor has a pygas-water partition coefficient of about 0.0001 to 9 and the second polymerization inhibitor has a pygas-water partition coefficient of about 1000 to 50,000.

Two Stage Thermal Cracking Process With Multistage Separation System

The present invention relates to Delayed Coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilizes a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and intermediate multistage separation system before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield. 1. A method of reducing overall coke yield in delayed coking process , said method comprising the steps of:a) passing fresh hydrocarbon feed to bottom of a main fractionator and mixing with internal recycle to make secondary hydrocarbon feedstock;b) heating the secondary hydrocarbon feedstock in a furnace to obtain hot feed at a desired inlet temperature of a pre-cracking reactor;c) passing the hot feed at desired temperature and pressure to the pre-cracking reactor, wherein the hot feed undergoes mild thermal cracking reactions to obtain outlet product material stream;d) introducing the outlet product material stream to a first intermediate separator to split hydrocarbons in the outlet material stream into top and bottom fractions, wherein the top fraction comprises of lighter products and gases and the bottom fraction is split into first portion and second portion;e) routing the top fraction to the main fractionator;f) separating first portion of the bottom fraction in a second separator column operating in vacuum conditions to obtain top product and heavier product;g) passing the top product obtained in step (f) to the main fractionator;h) withdrawing the heavier product cuts from the second separator of step (f) and passing to the main fractionator, wherein the heavier cuts comprises of Light Vacuum Gas Oil (LVGO) and Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO);i) mixing the second portion from the first intermediate separator of step (d) and the bottom product from the second separator column of step (f) and heating in a furnace to a desired coking temperature to obtain hot ...

Anti-coking nanomaterial based on stainless steel surface, and preparation method therefor

An anti-coking nanomaterial based on a stainless steel surface. In percentage by weight, the nanomaterial comprises: 0 to 3% of carbon, 23% to 38% of oxygen, 38% to 53% of chromium, 10% to 35% of ferrum, 0 to 2% of molybdenum, 0 to 4% of nickel, 3.5 to 5% of silicon, 0 to 1% of calcium, and the balance of impurity elements. Also disclosed are a preparation method for the anti-coking nanomaterial, the anti-coking nanomaterial that is based on a stainless steel surface and that is prepared by using the preparation method, and a stainless steel substrate comprising the anti-coking nanocrystalline material.

REDUCED FOULING OF HYDROCARBON OIL

Antifoulant compositions and methods are used for inhibiting fouling on structural parts of a system exposed to a fluid hydrocarbon or petrochemical stream. Polyamine antifoulants are added to such systems. The polyamine antifoulants may be conjointly used with dispersants and/or fatty acids. The fatty acids have been found to reduce thermal degradation of the polyamine antifoulants. 124-. (canceled)25. An antifoulant composition for inhibiting fouling on structural parts of a system exposed to a fluid hydrocarbon or petrochemical stream , said antifoulant composition comprising: (1) a polyamine and (2) a dispersant.26. An antifoulant composition as recited in claim 25 , wherein said polyamine (1) is an alkylene polyamine represented by the formula{'br': None, 'sub': 1', 'n, 'Z\ue8a0NH—R\ue8a0X'}wherein R1 is an alkylene group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;n is from about 1 to about 200,000;{'sub': 2', '2, 'X is H, NH, or a hydrocarbyl group having up to about 30 carbon atoms and Z is H, NHor a hydrocarbyl group having up to about 30 carbon atoms,'}said polyamine having a linear, branched, or dendrimetric structure and said dispersant (2) is a member selected from group consisting of formaldehyde resins, alkyl phenol sulfides, Ca/Mg/Al salt of phosphonate phenates, polyalkylene succinimides and alkylene thiophosphonic acid esters.27. An antifoulant composition for inhibiting fouling on structural parts of a system exposed to a fluid hydrocarbon or petrochemical stream claim 25 , said antifoulant composition comprising: (1) a polyamine and (2) a fatty acid.28. An antifoulant composition for inhibiting fouling on structural parts of a system exposed to a fluid hydrocarbon or petrochemical stream claim 25 , said antifoulant composition comprising a reaction product of i) a polyamine reactant and a ii) second reactant selected from a fatty acid claim 25 , tall oil fatty acid claim 25 , carboxylic acid or anhydride and an aldehyde.29. The antifoulant ...

MINIMIZING COKE FORMATION IN A HYDROCARBON CRACKER SYSTEM

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an improved system for hydrocarbon cracking. In a specific non-limiting embodiment, a hydrocarbon cracker system can include one or more furnace tubes having a plurality of indentations disposed thereon, where the indentations do not project into the interior of the furnace tube. 1. A hydrocarbon cracker system comprising one or more reactor tubes with an inner surface having a plurality of indentations disposed thereon , wherein the indentations do not project into the interior of the reactor tube.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of indentations minimizes coke formation.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations have a depth of about 0.2 mm to about 1.0 mm.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations have a depth of about 0.2 mm to about 0.5 mm.5. The system of or claim 1 , wherein the depth of the indentations vary.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations are formed as an integral part of the reactor tube.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations are distributed uniformly along the length of the inner surface of the reactor tube.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations are arranged in parallel rows claim 1 , in non-parallel rows claim 1 , in branching patterns claim 1 , in a staggered pattern claim 1 , in circular patterns or combinations thereof.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indentations are rectangular claim 1 , oval claim 1 , star-shaped claim 1 , triangle claim 1 , square claim 1 , octagon claim 1 , hexagon in shape or combinations thereof.10. A hydrocarbon cracker comprising one or more reactor tubes with an inner surface having a plurality of indentations disposed thereon claim 1 , wherein the indentations do not project into the interior of the reactor tube and have a depth of about 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm.11. A furnace tube for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons comprising a tubular body defined by a wall having an exterior surface and an inner ...

A COMPOSITION, METHOD AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

The instant disclosure relates to a composition comprising potassium carbonate and calcium acetate, optionally along with sulfur containing compound. The composition of the present disclosure reduces coke formation during hydrocarbon cracking, particularly reduces surface coke and spalled coke during hydrocarbon cracking when compared to hydrocarbon cracking without the said composition. The disclosure further relates to a method for reducing formation and/or deposition of coke during pyrolysis or cracking of hydrocarbons. 1. A composition comprising alkali metal salt and alkaline metal salt , optionally along with sulfur containing compound , wherein the composition reduces coke formation during hydrocarbon cracking.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal salt is potassium carbonate and alkaline earth metal salt is calcium acetate; wherein the concentration of the potassium carbonate and the calcium acetate is ranging from about 1 ppmw to 4 ppmw; and wherein in the said concentration claim 1 , the potassium carbonate is about 35 wt % and the calcium acetate is about 65 wt %.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sulfur containing compound is selected from a group comprising dimethyl disulfide claim 1 , dimethyl sulfide claim 1 , diethyl sulfide claim 1 , diethyl disulfide carbon disulfide and dimethyl sulfoxide claim 1 , or any combination thereof claim 1 , and concentration of the sulfur containing compound is ranging from about 50 ppmw to 250 ppmw.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition is soluble in water and polar solvent claim 1 , independently.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition reduces coke formation by at least 40% during hydrocarbon cracking when compared to the hydrocarbon cracking without the composition; wherein the composition reduces surface coke by at least 60% during hydrocarbon cracking when compared to the hydrocarbon cracking without the ...

Methods and compositions for decreasing fouling within an ethylene plant

Methods and fluid compositions are described for decreasing or inhibiting foulants within an ethylene plant at a particular location, such as a caustic tower in a non-limiting embodiment. An effective amount of at least one substituted hydroxylamine and an effective amount of at least one aldol inhibitor may be introduced into a fluid feed of the ethylene plant. The aldol inhibitor(s) may be or include a substituted hydroxylimine, a borohydride, and combinations thereof.

Method for preparing ethylene

A method for preparing ethylene including: feeding a thermally cracked compressed stream to a first distillation apparatus selectively operating as a first deethanizer or a depropanizer; and feeding an overhead discharge stream of the first distillation apparatus to a second distillation apparatus. When the first distillation apparatus is operated as the first deethanizer, a bottom discharge stream of the second distillation apparatus is fed to a C2 separator. When the first distillation apparatus is operated as the depropanizer, the bottom discharge stream of the second distillation apparatus is passed through a third distillation apparatus and fed to the C2 separator.

PYROLYSIS TO DETERMINE HYDROCARBON EXPULSION EFFICIENCY OF HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCK

An open system pyrolysis of a first hydrocarbon source rock sample obtained from a natural system is performed within a pyrolysis chamber by maintaining the pyrolysis chamber at a substantially constant temperature. Hydrocarbons are recovered from the pyrolysis chamber released by the first hydrocarbon source rock sample. A thermo-vaporization is performed within the pyrolysis chamber on the pyrolyzed sample at a substantially constant temperature. A first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock is determined. A second hydrocarbon rock sample is ground to a grain size less than or equal to or less than 250 micrometers. A second pyrolysis is performed on the ground hydrocarbon source rock sample by maintaining the chamber at a substantially constant temperature. A second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock in the natural system is determined. The first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is verified using the second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency. 1. A system comprising: a heating element configured to heat the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber;', 'a controller configured to control the heating element to a set temperature; and', 'a sensor configured to detect hydrocarbons released within the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber., 'an integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber configured to retain a hydrocarbon rock sample;'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein controlling the heating element to a set temperature comprises:heating the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber to a temperature of substantially 375° C.; andmaintaining, within the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber, a constant temperature of substantially 375° C. while the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber is in use.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the integrated sample-crusher and thermo-vaporization chamber comprises electrically ...

PYROLYSIS TO DETERMINE HYDROCARBON EXPULSION EFFICIENCY OF HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCK

An open system pyrolysis of a first hydrocarbon source rock sample obtained from a natural system is performed within a pyrolysis chamber by maintaining the pyrolysis chamber at a substantially constant temperature. Hydrocarbons are recovered from the pyrolysis chamber released by the first hydrocarbon source rock sample. A thermo-vaporization is performed within the pyrolysis chamber on the pyrolyzed sample at a substantially constant temperature. A first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock is determined. A second hydrocarbon rock sample is ground to a grain size less than or equal to or less than 250 micrometers. A second pyrolysis is performed on the ground hydrocarbon source rock sample by maintaining the chamber at a substantially constant temperature. A second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock in the natural system is determined. The first hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is verified using the second hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency. 1performing an open system pyrolysis, within a pyrolysis chamber, on a hydrocarbon source rock sample comprising fragments having an equivalent spherical diameter of substantially at least one centimeter, performing the open system pyrolysis resulting in a pyrolyzed rock sample;recovering hydrocarbons released by the rock sample in response to the open system pyrolysis;determining a first quantity of hydrocarbons released in response to the open system pyrolysis;performing a thermo-vaporization within the pyrolysis chamber on the pyrolyzed rock sample;recovering hydrocarbons released by the rock sample in the pyrolysis chamber in response to the thermo-vaporization;determining a second quantity of hydrocarbons released in response to thermo-vaporization in the pyrolysis chamber;placing the sample in a crushing chamber and crushing and performing thermo-vaporization on the pyrolyzed rock sample;recovering hydrocarbons released by the rock sample in response to crushing and ...

Process For Reducing Fouling In The Processing Of Liquid Hydrocarbons

The present invention relates to the use of a polyester which bears hydroxyl groups and is preparable by polycondensation of a polyol containing two primary OH groups and at least one secondary OH group with a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof or ester thereof bearing a C 16 - to C 400 -alkyl radical or a C 16 - to C 400 -alkenyl radical as an antifoulant in the thermal treatment of liquid hydrocarbon media in the temperature range from 100 to 550 DEG C.

System and Method for Producing Chemicals at High Temperature

A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C. or 1200° C. or even 1250° C. or even 1300° C. or even 1400° C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature. 1. A system for producing ethylene or gasoline comprising:a feedstock source;a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline, the conversion portion including a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C., the coil array having a plurality of coils, each coil having a right top portion made of super alloy that connects with the source to receive feedstock, a right oxidation protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the right top portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right top portion, a right bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached outside the furnace to the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right oxidation protected tungsten coupling, a base made of silicon carbide that is attached to the right bottom portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the right bottom portion, a left bottom portion made of silicon carbide that is attached to the base and forms a helium gas tight seal with the base, a left oxidation protected tungsten coupling that is attached outside the furnace to the left bottom portion and forms a helium gas tight seal with the left bottom portion, and a left top portion made of super alloy that is attached to the left oxidation protected tungsten coupling ...

Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes

The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking. 138-. (canceled)39. A furnace component , comprising:(a) a tube comprising a first steam cracker alloy, wherein the tube has inner and outer surfaces; and [{'sub': '1', '(i) the first steam cracker alloy comprises Awt. % aluminum, based on the weight of the first steam cracker alloy,'}, {'sub': '2', '(ii) the second steam cracker alloy comprises Awt. % aluminum, based on the weight of the second steam cracker alloy, and'}, {'sub': 1', '2, '(iii) Ais ≥2.0 wt. % and Ais ≥2.0 wt. %.'}], '(b) one or more mixing elements joined to the inner surface of the tube, at least one of the mixing elements comprising a second steam cracker alloy, wherein;'}40. The furnace component of claim 39 , wherein the furnace component is or includes a heat transfer tube.41. The furnace component of claim 40 , wherein the heat transfer tube is and/or is included in one or more of a feed conduit; a dilution steam conduit; a steam cracker furnace tube claim 40 , a convection tube claim 40 , a radiant tube claim 40 , a cross-over piping tube; a transfer line exchanger; and a quench zone conduit.42. The furnace component of claim 40 , wherein the heat transfer tube is or is included in a radiant tube in a steam cracking furnace.43. The furnace component of claim 39 , wherein Ais ≥A claim 39 , Ais in the range of from 2.0 wt. % to 10.0 wt. % ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ON-LINE PIGGING AND SPALLING OF COKER FURNACE OUTLETS

Systems and methods for safe on-line pigging decoking of a coker furnace tubes and which also permits on-line spalling operations. 1. A method for on-line pigging in a tube coil for a furnace in a delayed coking system , which comprises:terminating a process fluid supply to the furnace;introducing high pressurized steam from a first pressurized steam source through the tube coil and a main line, and from a second pressurized steam source through a second line connected to the main line for forcing any remaining process fluid in the tube coil and the main line to a closed blowdown system header or a delayed coking drum, the tube coil, the closed blowdown system header and the delayed coking drum in fluid communication with each other;isolating a vent, in fluid communication with the second line, from the main line by introducing high pressurized steam from a third pressurized steam source through the second line to maintain a constant pressure against one side of at least two closed valves positioned in fluid communication with the vent between the vent and the main line while introducing the high pressurized steam from the first pressurized steam source and the second pressurized steam source;terminating the introduction of the high pressurized steam from the first pressurized steam source, the second pressurized steam source and the third pressurized steam source;removing steam from the main line through the vent by opening the at least two closed valves between the vent and the main line;isolating a drum input line, in fluid communication with the main line, from a portion of the main line by introducing high pressurized steam from a fourth pressurized steam source through a third line connected to the main line to maintain a constant pressure against one side of at least three closed valves in fluid communication with the drum input line, wherein two of the closed valves are positioned on the main line between the drum input line and the portion of the main line, ...

CENTRIFUGE REACTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD

A method of generating a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor with a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber and configured to rotate about a central rotational axis X, rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed of 100 m/s to 1000 m/s to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from the first reaction chamber end to the second reaction chamber end; and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, including pressure of 5 MPa to 500 MPa and temperature within a range of 200° C. to 1000° C., the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber. 1. A method of generating a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor , the method comprising: a central rotational axis X;', 'a housing having a sidewall, a first housing end and a second housing end that define a cavity, the first housing end defining a first housing opening and the second housing end defining a second housing opening;', a reaction chamber with a first reaction chamber end that is radially closer to the central rotational axis X than a second reaction chamber end,', 'a first entry channel, that allows the feedstock to enter the reaction chamber,', 'a first fraction channel,', 'a second fraction channel,', 'a separation system, and', 'a mixing system;, 'a centrifuge assembly that is rotationally disposed within the cavity of the housing and configured to rotate about the central rotational axis X, the centrifuge assembly comprising, 'rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed of 100 m/s to 1000 m/s to generate an acceleration from the central rotational axis X and from the first reaction chamber end to the second reaction chamber end;', 'generating reaction ...

METHOD FOR CONVERTING CARBON AND HYDROCARBON CRACKING AND APPARATUS FOR HYDROCARBON CRACKING

A method for converting carbon into a carbon oxide, comprises: contacting carbon with steam in presence of a carnegieite-like material of formula (NaO)Na[AlSiO], wherein 0 Подробнее

Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibitors for a refinery

Corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion on a metal surface exposed to a hydrocarbon fluid are provided. The corrosion inhibition compositions can include a corrosion inhibitor, such as 3-dimethylamino benzoic acid, 4-dimethylamino benzoic acid, or 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid. The corrosion inhibitor composition can further comprise dimethyl sulfoxide, and heavy aromatic naphtha. The corrosion inhibitor composition can be phosphate-free and can inhibit naphthenic acid corrosion. In the methods, a corrosion inhibitor composition is added to the hydrocarbon fluid exposed to the metal surface to prevent or inhibit corrosion on the metal surface, including naphthenic acid corrosion.

Solvent System for Cleaning Fixed Bed Reactor Catalyst in Situ

A method of equipment decontamination may include: introducing a cleaning stream comprising hydrogen and a solvent comprising a fatty acid methyl ester and an oxygenated solvent into the equipment; and introducing a stream comprising nitrogen into the equipment, wherein the equipment comprises deposits and other contaminants.

ONLINE COKE REMOVAL IN A HEATER PASS

This disclosure provides methods for decoking tubular passes of crude oil heaters and processed hydrocarbon heaters. The method permits continued operation of an associated crude oil processing unit or a processed hydrocarbon processing unit receiving crude oil or processed hydrocarbons from the heater during the decoking operation. The decoking operation utilizes dry steam to remove coke from passes within the crude oil heater or processed hydrocarbon heater and dry steam to maintain balanced operation of the crude oil processing unit or processed hydrocarbon processing unit. 1. A method for removing coke deposits from within passes of a crude oil heater , said passes located within a heater configured to provide heated crude oil to a crude oil processing unit , said crude oil processing unit configured to accept a feed stream which includes steam , comprising:during operation of said crude oil processing unit receiving heated crude oil from said heater, reducing the flow rate of crude oil to said heater and said crude oil processing unit;reducing the temperature on at least one pass within said heater;reducing the crude oil flow rate to said at least one pass;flowing dry steam through a steam line providing steam to said at least one pass;holding said dry steam on said at least one pass for a period of time sufficient to provide coke removal from interior walls of said pass;increasing the temperature on said at least one pass, such that coke deposit removal occurs; andraising the flow rate of crude oil to said heater and said crude oil processing unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said crude oil processing unit is an atmospheric tower.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of drying out said steam line configured to provide steam to said at least one pass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of reducing the temperature on said at least one pass may be achieved by any one or a combination of the following processes: reducing the firing ...

Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes

The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking. 124-. (canceled)25. A pyrolysis process , comprising:(a) providing a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace comprising at least one radiant tube, wherein the radiant tube includes (i) a tubular member comprising a first steam cracker alloy which includes aluminum, the first tubular member having inner and outer surfaces, and (ii) one or more mixing elements in surface contact with the inner surface of the tubular member, at least one of the mixing elements comprising a second steam cracker alloy which includes aluminum;(b) providing hydrocarbon and steam;(c) combining at least a portion of the hydrocarbon with at least a portion of the steam to produce a hydrocarbon+ steam mixture, and introducing the hydrocarbon+ steam mixture into the radiant tube; and(d) exposing the hydrocarbon+ steam mixture in the radiant tube to pyrolysis conditions to thermally crack at least a portion of the hydrocarbon; the tubular member's aluminum content being sufficient for forming an alumina-containing carburization-resistant scale on the tubular member's inner surface under the pyrolysis conditions, and the second tubular member's aluminum content being sufficient for forming an alumina-containing carburization-resistant scale on the mixing element under the pyrolysis conditions.26. The process of claim 25 , wherein the ...

Hydrocarbon Conversion Process

The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into unsaturated products such as acetylene and/or ethylene. The invention also relates to converting acetylene to olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

REDUCED FOULING FROM THE CONVECTION SECTION OF A CRACKER

Crackers for hydrocarbon such as naphtha and C-Cparaffins contain a radiant section and a convection section. The exhaust gases leaving the radiant section pass through the convection. Generally fouling from the convection section was low relative to fouling (e.g., coke build up) in the radiant section. With improved metallurgy and operating conditions, the time between decokes of the radiant section has increased and now there is a need to reduce fouling from the convection section. This may be achieved by using stainless steel, and particularly high nickel, high chrome stainless steel in the passes in the convection section. 1. A convection section of a furnace to treat hydrocarbons wherein not less than 50% of the coil length upstream from the feed outlet of the convection section , comprise less than 66 wt. % of Fe and the balance a mixture of 23 to 26 wt % of Cr; 19 to 22 wt. % of Ni; and one or more components selected from C , Mn , Si , P , and S.2. A convection section of a furnace wherein not less than 75% of the coil length upstream from the feed outlet of the convection section have the composition of .3. The convection section of a furnace to treat hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein the coils further comprise 0.08 to 0.2 wt. % C; 1.5 to 2.5 wt. % Mn; 1.5 to 3 wt % of Si claim 1 , 0.04 to 0.05 wt. % P; and 0.25 to 0.35 wt. % of S.4. The convection section of a furnace according to claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbons comprise one or more from C-Cparaffins.5. A method to reduce fouling in the convection section of a furnace to treat hydrocarbons wherein not less than 50% of the coil length from the feed outlet of the convection section comprises less than 66 wt. % of Fe and the balance a mixture of 23 to 26 wt. % of Cr; 19 to 22 wt. % of Ni; and one or more components selected from C claim 3 , Mn claim 3 , Si claim 3 , P claim 3 , and S.6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein not less than 75% of the coil length from the feed outlet of the ...

Heat Transfer Tube for Hydrocarbon Processing

The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube including an inner surface and an outer surface. The heat transfer tube further includes a first mixing element and a second mixing element disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube. Adjacent mixing elements are separated by a gap arc distance of about 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) or greater. The first helical row has an angle (Θ) from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube. The tube has an inner diameter of about 1.85 inches (4.7 cm) or less. 1. A heat transfer tube comprising:an inner surface and an outer surface; anda first helical row comprising two or more mixing elements disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube where adjacent mixing elements are separated by a gap arc distance of about 0.5 inches (1.52 cm) or greater; the first helical row has an angle (Θ) from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube; and the tube has an inner diameter of about 1.85 inches (4.7 cm) or less.2. The tube of claim 1 , further comprising a coke layer disposed on the mixing elements at a height (t) and disposed on the inner surface of the tube at a height (t′) claim 1 , wherein the value of (t) is from about 70% to about 100% of the value of (t′).3. The tube of claim 1 , where the number of mixing elements along one complete turn of the first helical row is three.4. The tube of claim 1 , further comprising a second helical row comprising two or more mixing elements disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube claim 1 , the second helical row disposed at an angle (Θ) relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube claim 1 , (Θ) is from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees claim 1 , and the value of (Θ) is different than the ...

INTEGRATED THERMAL CRACKING AND DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. 1. A system for producing olefins and/or dienes , the system comprising:a reaction zone configured for thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon-containing feed and producing a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing methane and a mixture of C2-C4 olefins and paraffins, wherein a conversion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing feed is in a range from about 10 mol % to 70 mol %; anda dehydrogenation reaction zone configured for receiving an entirety of the cracked hydrocarbon effluent, without intermediate componential separators, and for dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent, producing a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first heat exchanger configured for cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent via direct heat exchange with the C1-C4 hydrocarbon-containing feed.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone further comprises a pyrolysis reactor claim 1 , wherein the cracked hydrocarbon effluent recovered from the pyrolysis reactor is at a temperature in a range from about 550° C. to about 725° C.4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a second heat exchanger configured for cooling the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 650° C. prior to the dehydrogenation reaction zone.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a separator configured for separating the dehydrogenated effluent into one or more fractions selected from a hydrogen ...

INTEGRATED SLURRY HYDROPROCESSING AND STEAM PYROLYSIS OF CRUDE OIL TO PRODUCE PETROCHEMICALS

An integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolosyis system for the production of olefins and aromatic petrochemicals from a crude oil feedstock is provided. Crude oil, a steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction and slurry reside are combined and treated in a hydroprocessing zone in the presence of hydrogen under conditions effective to produce an effluent having an increased hydrogen content. The effluent is thermally cracked with steam under conditions effective to produce a mixed product stream and steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction. The mixed product stream is separated and olefins and aromatics are recovered and hydrogen is purified and recycled. 1. An integrated hydrotreating and steam pyrolysis system comprising:a slurry hydroprocessing zone having inlet for receiving a mixture of a crude oil feed, one or more additional feeds, hydrogen recycled from a steam pyrolysis product stream effluent, and make-up hydrogen as necessary; a convection section with an inlet in fluid communication with the slurry hydroprocessing zone outlet, and an outlet, and', 'a pyrolysis section having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the convection section, and a pyrolysis section outlet;, 'a steam pyrolysis zone including'}a quenching zone in fluid communication with the pyrolysis section outlet, the quenching zone having an outlet for discharging an intermediate quenched mixed product stream and an outlet for discharging quenching solution;a product separation zone in fluid communication with the quenching zone outlet, and having a hydrogen outlet, one or more olefin product outlets and one or more pyrolysis fuel oil outlets; anda hydrogen purification zone in fluid communication with the product separation zone hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen purification zone having an outlet in fluid communication with the slurry hydroprocessing zone.2. The system of claim 1 , further wherein the pyrolysis fuel oil outlet is in fluid communication with the inlet of the ...

TOWER BOTTOMS COKE CATCHING DEVICE

A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while allowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of. The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned. 1. A coke catching apparatus for removal and buildup of coke in a petroleum product processing unit , the coke catching apparatus comprising:a grid device constructed of a bottom section, a first section of a grid portion positioned proximate the bottom section, a second section of the grid portion positioned proximate the first section of the grid portion, and a top section positioned proximate the second section of the grid portion, the grid portion including a plurality of openings,the grid device configured to be positioned within the petroleum product processing unit and being positioned to have the bottom section proximate to an outlet of the petroleum product processing unit;the plurality of openings of the grid portion of the grid device being sized to allow small pieces of coke contained in petroleum fluid within the petroleum product processing unit to pass through to the outlet while preventing large pieces of coke contained in the petroleum fluid from passing through when the petroleum fluid flows into the grid device and to the outlet.2. The coke catching apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the grid device has a diameter being at least 2 inches larger than a diameter of the outlet.3. The coke catching apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bottom section of the grid device comprises a bottom plate of a substantially solid material claim 1 , the bottom plate also including a plurality of drain holes to allow for refined product to exit the petroleum product processing unit.4. ...

ANTI-FOULANT FORMULATION FOR COMPRESSORS

Disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing or reducing polymer formation and polymer deposition in equipment used in petrochemical processes. An antifoulant composition includes a combination of one or more antioxidants; one or more antipolymerants; one or more dispersants; and one or more solvents. A method of preventing or reducing fouling of process equipment used in an industrial process is also described. The method includes introducing into the process equipment an antifoulant composition, the antifoulant composition comprising a combination of one or more antioxidants; one or more antipolymerants; one or more dispersants; and one or more solvents. 1. A method of preventing or reducing fouling of process equipment used in an industrial process comprising: one or more antioxidants;', 'one or more antipolymerants;', 'one or more dispersants; and', 'one or more solvents., 'introducing into the process equipment an antifoulant composition, the antifoulant composition comprising a combination of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the introducing is upstream of a gas compressor or an inter-cooler in the process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the industrial process is an antifoulant process.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antifoulant composition comprises from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % antioxidant; about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % antipolymerant; about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % dispersant and from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % solvent in the total antifoulant composition.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more antioxidants are selected from 1 claim 1 ,4-phenylenediamine claim 1 , alkylated or phenyl derivatives thereof claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antipolymerant is selected from 2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl claim 1 , 1-hydroxy-2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethylpiperidine claim 1 , 4-hydroxy-2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6- ...

METHODS FOR PROCESSING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Disclosed are methods and modular devices for processing hydrocarbon feedstocks. In particular, the methods and modular devices disclosed herein provide for increasing the amounts of light fractions obtainable from a hydrocarbon feedstock. 1. A device comprising a distillation module suitable for distilling a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid component and a gaseous component , a first communication channel , and a plurality of condensation modules aligned sequentially along said first communication channel so as to define upstream and downstream condensation moduleswherein the gaseous component of said distillation module is in communication with each of said condensation modules via said first communication channel, said device further comprises:a) a heating element to heat said feedstock in said distillation module, i) the terminal end of the first communication channel to one or more of the condensation modules;', 'ii) or one of the downstream condensation modules to one or more upstream condensation modules;, 'b) a second communication channel positioned to move hydrocarbons from either'}c) an optional pump or blower to move the hydrocarbons through said second communication channel to one or more condensation module(s);d) introducing means connected to said second communication channel so that hydrocarbons transported therein can be introduced into one or more of said condensation module(s) under conditions such that at least a portion of the hydrocarbon condensate in said module(s) is cracked; ande) collection means for recovering said condensate from one or more condensation modules.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second communication channel is configured to convert or maintain said hydrocarbons contained therein in a liquid state.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the second communication channel is configured to introduced the hydrocarbons into the hydrocarbon liquid condensate of one or more of said condensation module(s).4. The device of claim ...

METHOD FOR WEAKENING AND REMOVING COKE AND CARBONACEOUS DEPOSITS

The present invention concerns a method of weakening and removal of coke or carbonaceous material which deposits as a result of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons on the inner walls of coils, piping, tubing, and in general, hydrocarbon processing equipment. 1. A method for the weakening of coke or other carbonaceous deposits on the inside walls of coils , piping , tubing , and other general hydrocarbon processing equipment comprising: exposing said equipment to a pressurized gas , allowing sorption of gas into the coke or other carbonaceous deposit , and then depressurizing the equipment and contents of said gas , wherein said gas includes carbon dioxide in a concentration of 50% and above.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing and pressurizing said equipment.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure of the gas stream is in a range between about 50 and 5 claim 1 ,000 psi.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is a mixture containing carbon dioxide and one or more secondary component gases.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas is selected from methane or a higher hydrocarbon.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component is gas is hydrogen.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas includes oxygen.8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component gas includes nitrogen.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas and/or the coke or other carbonaceous deposit is heated above ambient temperature during the treatment.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein depressurization is at sufficient rate to remove loosened deposits from the furnace.11. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional subsequent step of passing a flow of gas through the equipment to sweep the loosened deposits from the equipment.12. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional subsequent step of performing mechanical cleaning treatment to remove weakened deposits from equipment.13. The method of wherein the ...

STEAM QUENCH PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

Methods that reduce fouling of equipment in a quench water recycling loop of a steam cracker quench system by separating tar from water in the quench water recycling loop. The methods may include settling a bottom stream comprising pyrolysis gasoline, from a quench tower, in at least two quench water settlers in parallel, each of the quench water settlers producing a settler hydrocarbon stream and a settler bottom quench water stream. The methods may also include mixing a bottom stream comprising pyrolysis gasoline, from a quench tower, with quench tower effluent water to form a combined stream. The method may further include settling the combined stream in at least two quench water settlers in parallel to produce settler hydrocarbon streams, settler bottom quench water streams, and settler process water streams. 1. A method of reducing fouling of equipment in a quench water recycling loop of a steam cracker quench system by separating tar from water in the quench water recycling loop , the method comprising:receiving furnace effluent in a quench tower;quenching the furnace effluent in the quench tower with quench water to produce (1) a bottom stream comprising pyrolysis gasoline, (2) quench tower effluent water, and (3) a gas stream;settling the bottom stream comprising pyrolysis gasoline in at least two quench water settlers in parallel, each of the quench water settlers producing a settler hydrocarbon stream and a settler bottom quench water stream; andfeeding the quench tower effluent water to a water stripper for separation into a stripper hydrocarbon stream, a stripper water stream, and a tar/oil stream; andrecirculating the settler bottom quench water streams and the stripper water stream to the quench tower.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two quench water settlers each comprise:a tar drainage compartment baffle, the ratio of an internal diameter of the settler to the height of the tar drainage compartment baffle is 4.0/3.4 to 4.0/3.2;one or ...

Antifoulant additives for high temperature hydrocarbon processing

Fouling of metallic surfaces contacted with hydrocarbon oils at elevated temperatures is reduced by combining the oils with foulant-inhibiting amounts of thiadiazole compounds or triazole compounds, or aluminum compounds in combinations containing thiadiazole, triazole and acid compounds.

Ion tolerant corrosion inhibitors and inhibitor combinations for fuels

This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines.

Method and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons into olefins

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure ≥ 36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C 3 + to C 2 unsaturate weight ratio ≤ 0.5.

Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons

An apparatus and process are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The process enhances the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds into conversion products, such as ethylene and propylene. In particular, the present techniques utilize two high-severity pyrolysis reactors integrated with another reactor type to convert hydrocarbons to other petrochemical products. The pyrolysis reactors recycle a portion of one of the reactor products to at least one of the pyrolysis reactors to further enhance the process.

Method and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons into olefins

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method enhances the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds into conversion products, such as ethylene and propylene. In particular, the present techniques utilize a high-severity reactor integrated with another reactor type to convert hydrocarbons to other petrochemical products.

Method and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons into olefins

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method enhances the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds into conversion products, such as ethylene. In particular, the present techniques utilize a high-severity thermal pyrolysis reactor that exposes a feed at a peak pyrolysis gas temperature ≥ 1540 °C to produce a reactor product comprising ethylene and acetylene and has a C 3 + to acetylene weight ratio ≤ 0.5. Then, the method separates a product comprising tars and/or solids from at least a portion of the reactor product and converts at least a portion of the remaining reactor product into a conversion product, such as ethylene.

Method and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons into olefins

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method enhances the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds into conversion products, such as ethylene and propylene. In particular, the present techniques utilize a high-severity reactor integrated with another reactor type to convert hydrocarbons to other petrochemical products.

Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibitors for a refinery

Corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion on a metal surface exposed to a hydrocarbon fluid are provided. The corrosion inhibition compositions can include a corrosion inhibitor, such as 3-dimethylamino benzoic acid, 4-dimethylamino benzoic acid, or 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid. The corrosion inhibitor composition can further comprise dimethyl sulfoxide, and heavy aromatic naphtha. The corrosion inhibitor composition can be phosphate-free and can inhibit naphthenic acid corrosion. In the methods, a corrosion inhibitor composition is added to the hydrocarbon fluid exposed to the metal surface to prevent or inhibit corrosion on the metal surface, including naphthenic acid corrosion.

Naphthenic acid corrosion inhibitors for a refinery

Corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion on a metal surface exposed to a hydrocarbon fluid are provided. The corrosion inhibition compositions can include a corrosion inhibitor, such as 3-dimethylamino benzoic acid, 4-dimethylamino benzoic acid, or 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid. The corrosion inhibitor composition can further comprise dimethyl sulfoxide, and heavy aromatic naphtha. The corrosion inhibitor composition can be phosphate-free and can inhibit naphthenic acid corrosion. In the methods, a corrosion inhibitor composition is added to the hydrocarbon fluid exposed to the metal surface to prevent or inhibit corrosion on the metal surface, including naphthenic acid corrosion.

CRACKING FURNACE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK THEREIN

Cracking furnace system for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into cracked gas comprising a convection section, a radiant section and a cooling section, wherein the convection section includes a plurality of convection banks, including a first high temperature coil, configured to receive and preheat hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the radiant section includes a firebox comprising at least one radiant coil configured to heat up the feedstock to a temperature allowing a pyrolysis reaction, wherein the cooling section includes at least one transfer line exchanger. 1. Cracking furnace system for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into cracked gas comprising a convection section , a radiant section and a cooling section ,wherein the convection section includes a plurality of convection banks, including a first high temperature coil, configured to receive and preheat a hydrocarbon feedstock-diluent mixture,wherein the radiant section includes a firebox comprising at least one radiant coil configured to heat up the feedstock to a temperature allowing a pyrolysis reaction,wherein the cooling section includes at least one transfer line exchanger,wherein the convection section is configured for mixing said hydrocarbon feedstock with said diluent to provide said hydrocarbon feedstock-diluent mixture, upstream of the first high temperature coil,wherein the system is configured to further preheat the feedstock-diluent mixture after exit of feedstock from the first high temperature coil by the transfer line exchanger before entry into the radiant section,wherein the convection section includes a second high temperature coil configured to further preheat feedstock after exit of the feedstock from the transfer line exchanger and before entry into the radiant section.2. Cracking furnace system according to claim 1 , wherein the second high temperature coil is located in a bottom part of the convection section.3. Cracking furnace system according to claim 1 , wherein the cracking ...

INSTALLATION METHOD OF REFRACTORY FIBER INTEGRAL MODULE

An installation method of a refractory fiber integral module, includes: carrying out construction pretreatment, then welding an anchoring part to a furnace wall, and then laying a tiled layer along the furnace wall; then fixing the refractory fiber integral module neatly on a hot surface of the tiled layer by the anchoring part to form a refractory fiber prefabricated layer, and filling reserved gaps between the refractory fiber integral modules with compensation strips; finally checking the refractory fiber prefabricated layer, and repairing gaps whose width is greater than a preset width. 1. An installation method of a refractory fiber integral module , comprising:carrying out construction pretreatment, and welding an anchoring part to a furnace wall after the pretreatment is completed;laying a tiled layer along the furnace wall, wherein the tiled layer comprises refractory fiber blankets and a nano plate;fixing the refractory fiber integral module neatly on a hot surface of the tiled layer by the anchoring part to form a refractory fiber prefabricated layer, and filling reserved gaps between the refractory fiber integral modules with compensation strips; andchecking the refractory fiber prefabricated layer, and repairing gaps whose width is greater than a preset width.2. The installation method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of carrying out construction pretreatment comprises:erecting a scaffold in a furnace chamber, wherein a distance between the scaffold and the furnace wall is not greater than a first preset value; andderusting, after the scaffold is erected, the furnace wall to remove welding slag, floating dust, rust and oil stains on the furnace wall to weld the anchoring part.3. The installation method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of welding anchoring part to the furnace wall after the pretreatment is completed further comprises:checking welding quality of the anchoring part.4. The installation method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Hydrocarbon conversion process

A process for the conversion of a liquid paraffin-containing hydrocarbon which comprises the steps of (a) partially combusting a mixture of the liquid hydrocarbon and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in a reaction chamber with a catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the normal fuel rich limit of flammability, the mixture having a stoichiometric ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen of greater than the stoichiometric ratio required for complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water, to produce a product stream and a carbon deposit in the reaction chamber. (b) periodically replacing the liquid hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen-containing gas mixture in step(a) with a fuel-rich carbon containing gas stream for a period of time sufficient to effect substantial removal of the carbon deposit from the reaction chamber.

Installation for steam cracking hydrocarbons, with solid erosive particles being recycled

An installation for steam cracking hydrocarbons comprises at least one hydrocarbon cracking furnace, an indirect quench heat exchanger for the effluents leaving the furnace, direct quench means for said effluent, and means (36, 38) for injecting erosive solid particles into the installation for decoking purposes. The installation also includes a cyclone (10) placed at the outlet from the indirect quench heat exchanger to separate the solid particles from the gaseous effluent, with the solid particle outlet (14) from said cyclone being connected to storage tanks (20, 30) connected in series with isolating valves (16, 28, 34), a source (38) of gas under pressure being provided to raise the pressure in one of the tanks and to inject the solid particles into the installation.

A method and feedstock for producing hydrocarbons

A method for producing a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, a thermal cracking feedstock, a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, and use of the cracking product for producing polymers are provided.

Method for cleaning a metal surface of a metal component of an industrial plant

A method for cleaning a metal surface of a metal component of an industrial plant is disclosed comprising measuring the electrical resistance R A1 of a metal component over a cleaned area of the metal surface with a resistance meter, comparing the electrical resistance R A1 measured with a pre-determined electrical resistance value R DET , assessing whether R A1 is greater, smaller or equal to R DET , and repeating cleaning if the electrical resistance R A1 measured is greater than R DET , or terminating cleaning of the surface area of the metal component if R A1 is smaller than or identical to R DET .

Cracking processes

Method for controlling fouling deposit formation in a liquid hydrocarbonaceous medium using boronated derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinimides

Polyalkenylsuccinimide-boron compound reaction products are used as effective antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oils and gas oils, during processing of such liquids at elevated temperatures. The reaction products are formed via a two-step reaction in which a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride precursor is reacted with an amine to form polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate which, in turn, is reacted with a boron compound.

Method to inhibit deposit formation

Deposit formation on the contact surfaces of structures containing heated hydrocarbon fluids such as refinery units, particularly units associated with the distilling process such as preheating stages, is inhibited by incorporating in the feed stock from 0.0001 to 0.01 weight percent of thiophene-containing polycondensed aromatic/naphthenic compounds of number average molecular weight (Mn) from 200 to 1000 and if desired at least one other additive such as an oil-soluble dispersant, antioxidant, antipolymerant, antifoulant and mixtures thereof into said hydrocarbon stream.

Inhibiting fouling employing a dispersant

The present invention provides a method for inhibiting fouling deposits in refinery processing equipment caused by the heat treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The deposits are inhibited by adding to the feedstock an effective amount of an iron sulfide dispersant prepared in accordance with this invention. The dispersants comprise polyimides which are prepared by reacting fatty amines with maleic anhydride/alpha-olefin copolymers.

Medium pressure steam intervention in an olefin cracking furnace decoke procedure

Described herein is a method for removing coke deposits in radiant tubes of an olefin cracking furnace and removing accumulated spalled coke from one or more outlet elbows of the olefin cracking furnace without performing a cold shutdown of the furnace.

Coke catcher

The present disclosure provides for processes including a coke catcher that may be emptied during normal operation or steam standby, thereby overcoming the deficiencies in the prior design as discussed above, the coke catchers and process flows disclosed herein protecting the secondary transfer line exchanger from foulant while not limiting the time between heater cold shutdowns. The designs consider the impact of decoking options, such as when decoking to a firebox as opposed to a decoking drum. Further, flow and cost considerations are addressed in various embodiments; for example, decoke valves are fairly expensive, and process flows disclosed herein may provide for relocation of the decoke valve to facilitate coke catcher operations while not adding an expensive valve to the overall operating flow scheme.

Method of dispersing hydrocarbon foulants in hydrocarbon processing fluids

A method of dispersing, dissolving, or reducing the viscosity of hydrocarbon foulaπts including heavy oil, tars, asphaltenes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, coke, polymers, light oil, oxidized hydrocarbon and thermal decomposition products, and the like in fluids in contact with hydrocarbon processing equipment (1-7, Figure 1) comprising contacting the foulant with an effective amount of a halogen-free organic solvent having a density greater than water at the processing temperature.