Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Druck-Waermebehandlung bzw, Druckwaerme-Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffoelen, Teeren und Kohle-OElsuspensionen

Improvements in and relating to the treatment of heavy hydrocarbons

Resinous products are obtained by subjecting the liquid distillates produced by the processes described in Specifications 566,281, 566,282, [both in Group III], 567,420 and 573,240 to a further heat treatment within the temperature range of 400-500 DEG C., the resulting products being subjected to fractionation and/or solvent extraction to isolate different resins and hydrocarbon fractions. In examples: (1) a heavy distillate of boiling range 200-395 DEG C. obtained by the conversion of cracked residue by dripping the latter on to coke lumps heated to 440 DEG C., was treated with furfural to separate (a) paraffinic and (b) non-paraffinic constituents. The paraffinic portion (a) was distilled to leave a petroleum jelly which was then heated for 4 hours on a molten metal bath at 400-480 DEG C. The distillate obtained was treated with furfural and on distilling off the furfural, a resin having a m.p. of 45 DEG C. was obtained. The non-paraffinic portion (b) was also distilled to give gas oil ...

An improved process and apparatus for transforming heavy petroleum products into lighter products

AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR BITUMEN PARTIAL UPGRADING

The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product.

Procédé pour l'obtention d'un mélange de produits liquides utilisable notamment comme carburant ou solvant.

Improvements with the distillation or the cracking of oils

Process for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons and easily liquefiable gases by the beehive process of crude oil or its derivatives

Means for the preliminary treatment of hydrocarbon residues or other heavy products, before their transformation into light or other applications

Treatment of xylene and other similar aromatic hydrocarbons for the manufacture of less low products of the same series

process and to raise the oil quality

Heat-protecting means for expansion tanks of hydrocarbon-refining apparatus

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pyrogenen Aufspaltung von Mineraloelen

Apparatus and Method for the Conversion of Hydrocarbons.

... 108,333. Dehn, F. B., (Synthetic Hydro- Carbon Co.). June 29, 1916. Hydrocarbons, cracking. - Apparatus for converting heavy hydrocarbons into gasoline, benzene, toluene, or other light hydrocarbons comprises an externally-heated annular converter 1 to which the hydrocarbons are admitted in the form of vapour, formed, say, by passing the liquid hydrocarbon on to a packing 3, together with means for rotating the inner wall 5 of the converter 1. The inner wall 5 is fitted with chains 6 or other means for wiping carbon deposits from the outer wall. Angle-bars are fitted on the inner wall to bring the vapours into contact with the hot outer wall. A chamber 7 fitted with a baffle 11 is provided at the lower end of the converter to separate the carbon from the gases and vapours. The carbon is discharged into a collecting-chamber 12 upon the opening of a valve 14. The vapours are led by a pipe 8 to a condenser 9. Gasoline is produced from kerosene at about 500‹ C., and aromatic hydrocarbons at ...

Method and apparatus for dehydrating, distilling and cracking hydrocarbon oils

... 180,657. Linton, E. O. May 26, 1921, [Convention date]. Hydrocarbons, distilling and cracking; film evaporators.-In cracking heavy asphaltic crude or residual oils, the oil is passed through a dehydrating still, B, Fig. 2, then into a still C, in which it is vaporized and in which the vapours pass over surfaces heated to a cracking temperature. The distillate may be redistilled in a second still J, Fig. 3. The operations are conducted at atmospheric pressure. The stills B, C, are enclosed in a furnace chamber N fitted with deflectors 21, 26. Oil is fed by pipe 4 into a conical chamber 40 with perforations 6 at its outer edge from which the oil flows down the conical bottom 9 of the still. Vapours are drawn off through a pipe 12 to a condenser. The dehydrated oil passes down a pipe 13, on to a plate 15, which may be surmounted by a conical casing 14 and is perforated at its outer edge to distribute the oil over a deflector 16 and the conical base 42 of the still. The residual asphalt passes ...

Process for effecting chemical reaction in the interior of compressors

In carrying out chemical reactions, other than the combustion of hydrocarbon and like fuels, in the interior of a compressor, the reacting-substances are first brought to a suitable pressure and temperature condition for the reaction by compression, expansion or other means, and the reaction is then carried out while maintaining the pressure and temperature as constant as possible; in any case, the conditions must be such that in endothermic reactions the temperature does not fall, in exothermic reactions the temperature does not rise, in reactions with an increasing number of molecules the pressure must not rise, and in reactions with a decreasing number of molecules the pressure must not fall. The constancy of the temperature and pressure is attained by suitably selecting the point of the cycle at which the reaction is started, by the gradual introduction of one or more of the reacting-substances, and by the addition or subtraction of heat while the reaction is in progress; to control ...

Improvements in and relating to processes for working up acid sludge and the like

Acid sludge or like residue from the refining of oils is passed, with exclusion of air, through a red-hot retort in which it is heated mainly by radiation from the walls of the retort. Hydrocarbon vapours, gas, and a little carbonaceous residue are obtained. The retort may be a vertical iron tube heated to 750 DEG C., and may be provided with insertions to increase the radiating effect. The process may be effected at atmospheric or raised pressure. The hydrocarbon vapours may be condensed to yield lubricants and fuels, or they may be cracked without intermediate condensation, preferably after separating any entrained solids. The sludge or like residue is preferably fed to the retort in a subdivided condition, and if necessary it may be mixed with heavy oil obtained in the process or with another oil to produce an emulsion which can be sprayed into the retort. When acid sludge is treated, it is preferably heated with an aqueous solution or suspension of a neutralizing agent, e.g. slaked ...

Improvements in methods for treatment of hydrocarbons

... 311,689. Tar & Petroleum Process Co., (Assignees of Knowles, A. S., and Andrews, C. W.). May 14, 1928, [Convention date.]. Materials for making coke; oil gas.-Oils &c. are cracked, and a metallurgical coke obtained, by depositing the oils in small quantities in a closed chamber on a solid surface externally heated to a coking temperature until a solid layer of coke is formed. The liquid material passes from a header 27, Fig. 1, through nozzle tubes 28 into chambers 24 containing baskets 26 preferably filled with loose coke &c. when the lighter fractions are distilled off. The residual liquid falls thence on to the heated floor 39 of a heating chamber of aluminium oxide brick or refractory glass, a rotary basket 30 containing loose coke &c. being in some cases interposed through the axle of which steam or gas may be introduced through a pipe 19. The volatile products pass off by a pipe 29 to a condenser and a fractionating tower. Regenerators 45 and 46 are located below combustion flues ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RAPID COOLING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE FLOW

Описаны система и способ для охлаждения высокотемпературных газов. Система быстрого охлаждения содержит участок, имеющий форму усеченной пирамиды или конуса, входное отверстие на меньшем конце участка быстрого охлаждения и выходное отверстие на большем конце участка быстрого охлаждения. Указанная система содержит распылительные форсунки с выпускными отверстиями, расположенными вровень со стенкой участка быстрого охлаждения. Способ включает распыление большого объема жидкости в виде небольших капель для интенсивной передачи теплоты и испарения охлаждающей жидкости. A system and method for cooling high temperature gases are described. The rapid cooling system comprises a section having a truncated pyramid or cone shape, an inlet at the smaller end of the rapid cooling section and an outlet at the larger end of the rapid cooling section. This system contains spray nozzles with outlet openings flush with the wall of the rapid cooling section. The method involves spraying a large volume of liquid in the form of small droplets for intensive heat transfer and evaporation of the coolant.

METHODS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF FUEL

Manufactoring process of benzene, toluene and other hydrocarbon aromatic and similar

Improvements with the processes for the conversion of the liquids, the fluids and oils

Apparatus of refining of hydrocarbons

Improvements with the cracking of oils, or oils

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von niedrigsiedenden Kohlenwasserstoffoelen aus hochsiedenden Kohlenwasserstoffoelen durch Destillation bei hohen Temperaturen bis auf Koks

An Improved Process for Transforming Heavy Petroleum Products into Lighter Products.

... 123,151. Deakin, F. B., (Roth, P., and Venturino, M. E.). Feb. 12, 1918. Addition to 106,042. Hydrocarbons, cracking. - In transforming heavy petroleum products into lighter hydrocarbons by spraying them into a retort containing heated petroleum residue, asphalt, &c., as described in the parent Specification, the temperature of the mass in the retort is gradually raised during the operation. For example, the temperature is raised from 360‹ C. to 420‹ C. at the rate of 2‹ C. per hour.

A Method of Distilling Petroleum.

... 107,502. Landes, W. Oct. 11, 1916. Steam-pressure sprayers.-A device for spraying petroleum with steam into a still consists of a tapering pipe 19 with a small opening 20 through which the oil is ejected under pressure, together with a casing surrounding and co-axial with the pipe 19 and having an opening 31 registering with the opening 20. Steam is admitted to the casing by a pipe 29. The distance between the openings 20, 31 is adjusted by means of a nut 24 bearing against the gland 25 of the packing-box 22.

Improvements in methods of and apparatus for cracking petroleum products

... 210,972. Kroll, C. Jan. 29, 1923. Hydrocarbons, cracking; bulk evaporators.- Petroleum products are cracked to produce gasolene by distilling under pressure of about 80 lb. per sq. in. in a horizontal cylindrical boiler a, heated to about 700-800‹ F. by a horizontal flue 4 which passes through the still and through which combustion gases pass. Carbon deposited on the outside of the flue is removed by spring- mounted scrapers 15 on a rotary frame 14 surrounding the flue. The carbon falls to the base of the still and is removed.

Manufacture of Benzene, Toluene and other Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum and other Hydrocarbons.

... 9163. Rittman, W. F. March 15, [Convention date]. Hydrocarbon oils, cracking.-Benzene, toluene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained from petroleum and other oils by suddenly vaporizing the oils, cracking the resulting vapours under a pressure of at least 60 lb. per square inch, and condensing the products. The apparatus comprises a chamber A heated by a resistance wire a and fitted at its upper end with a perforated disk m supporting metal balls or other packing g for flashing into vapour the oil fed from the feed-cup C. The gases formed tend to remain in the oracking-chamber, while the heavier condensable products pass downwards to the condenser D. The pressure is adjusted by a valve G. The cracking temperature is not less than 600‹ C. It is preferred to use a temperature of 650- 800‹ C. and a pressure of 250 lb. per square incli.

Method of refining hydrocarbon oil

... 525,935. Refining oils ; converting heavy into light oils. WOODWORTH, C. W. March 3, 1939. No. 7024 [Classes 32 and 91] Hydrocarbon oils are refined and made lighter by forming a relatively large surface area of the oil, heating to 50-100‹C., whereby there is caused an emission of oil droplets with a negative electric charge, and collecting such droplets on a surface which is electrically positive or neutral. For example, oil is fed at a regulated rate from a tank 10 through a pipe 4 to a distributing plate 12 above a bed of coke 9 or other porous material in a retort 8 ; air or other gas is circulated by a pump 13 through a pipe 15 in a heater 14 to the base of the retort, through the coke 9, plate 12, outlet pipe 16, Cottrell precipitator 18, and pipe 22 back to the pump ; the oil droplets are carried from the coke by the air, repelled by a negatively charged wire 19 in the precipitator, collected on the walls, and drained through an outlet 21. In a modified apparatus the oil is carried ...

Process and apparatus for cracker hydrocarbons, oils, tar and suspensions coal-oil

Process and devices for the complete gasification, by successive pulverization and vaporizations, of the liquid bodies and, in particular, hydrocarbons of vegetable origin

Improvements brought to the processes and devices to vaporize and break up liquid liquids and mixtures, preferably of hydrocarbons

Device for the distillation and the dissociation of oils

Установка по глубокой переработке мазута

FIELD: oil industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of refining petroleum products in order to improve their characteristics, can be used for the processing of all grades of fuel oil, both separately and in a mixed state in any percentage ratio. The installation for deep processing of fuel oil includes a tank for storing feedstock, a storage tank for the final product, a lower vacuum column, an upper vacuum column. There are spray nozzles for supplying feedstock at the bottom of the lower vacuum column. The spray nozzles are directed to the vacuum zone. A blind plate is installed under the spray nozzles to collect the heavy fraction and additional evaporation, there are two irrigation systems made in the form of a cascade, which are structurally located inside the apparatus, there is a block of heat exchangers, where the light fraction is removed from the upper part of the upper vacuum column, and the spray nozzles are located upward and have a dispersion angle 90° for increased spray area and high temperature evaporation.EFFECT: invention increases the processing depth of all types of fuel oil due to the use of spray nozzles in the feed pump. The invention simplifies the technological process and reduces the cost of the installation due to the absence of two irrigation systems - we do not remove the two irrigation systems, but change them with additional technological equipment, which makes it possible to increase the profitability of the entire processing industry and namely to reduce financial costs, reduce time during installation work. There is no need to build foundations for the main devices and at the same time it becomes possible to make a mobile installation.1 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 749 262 C1 (51) МПК C10G 7/06 (2006.01) C10G 9/42 (2006.01) C10G 55/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10G 7/06 (2021.02); C10G 9/42 (2021.02); C10G 55/04 (2021.02 ...

Vorrichtung zum Spalten von Kohlenwasserstoffoelen

Improvements in and relating to the cracking of oils and the like

... 141,689. Adams, J. H. April 11, 1919, [Convention date]. Hydrocarbons, cracking; separate heater and evaporator apparatus.-Oils are converted into oils of lower boiling-point by subjecting the oil to a cracking-temperature under pressure in a chamber in which a body of oil is maintained, and condensing the resulting vapours under the same pressure. Means are provided for removing carbon from the walls of the cracking-chamber. The oil is subjected to the requisite temperature while flowing through a path of narrow cross-section formed between the externally-heated wall of the cracking-chamber 12 and a core 68. The result. ing vapours rise through a body of oil maintained in the vapour chamber 13, and are led by pipes 43, 44 to a separator 45 and thence by a pipe 58 to a condenser. The core 68 is rotated by a shaft 23, and is formed with a worm 69 which agitates the oil and removes deposits of carbon &c. to a collecting-chamber 30. Perforated baffles 70 on the shaft 23 prevent undue agitation ...

Method of and an apparatus for effecting heat transfer from a molten material heat-carrying medium in the heat treatment of substances in the gaseous and vaporous state

... 500,757. Heatexchange apparatus. PRAY, W. O. Nov. 18, 1937, No. 31720. [Class 64 (iii)] [Also in Group III] In the method of heating gases and vapours, e.g. hydrocarbon vapours by flowing the gases or vapours over the surface of molten materials, transfer of heat from the interior of the molten material to the gases &c. is effected, without dispersing or subdividing the molten material, by means of a number of heat transfer elements, which are alternately immersed in the molten material and transferred to the vapour stream. Molten metal is circulated through a heating coil Band a chamber A, in which a constant level is maintained and to which vapours or gases are fed through a line 10 and removed through a line 11. The heat transfer elements comprise a number of spaced discs 12, 13 clamped in a cylinder 4 mounted on trunnions 7, 8. The discs may be coated or made of catalytic materials, and have central openings for the passage of the motten material and vapours. The vapours may be preheated ...

Cracking petroleum products to obtain gases

... Petroleum oils such as diesel oil or heavy naphtha are cracked in a chamber, which is externally-heated to maintain it at about 700 DEG C., the oil being injected with steam under pressure into the chamber in long narrow jets from injectors 4, 5, arranged in one of the walls of the chamber in such a way as to avoid contact of the jets with the side walls of the chamber and to cause intensive circulation of the gases in the chamber, whereby the deposition of carbon on the walls of the chamber is obviated. The apparatus may be used for the production of domestic and industrial gases (see Group XII), which are discharged via outlet 3. The injectors are preferably of the type disclosed in Specification 810,374, [Group XXVIII].

An Improved Process and Apparatus for Converting Hydrocarbons of Higher Boiling Point into those of Lower Boiling Point.

... 4140. Leffer, L. G. Feb. 18. Hydrocarbon oils, cracking. - In converting hydrocarbons of higher boiling-point into hydrocarbons of lower boiling-point by subjecting them to a temperature of about 400‹ C. in the presence of a circulating current of a permanent gas under pressure, the hydrocarbons are brought into the decomposing-chamber in the form of spray or mist or other state of fine division. The apparatus comprises a decomposing-chamber z, dephlegmator t, condenser b, collecting-tank c, and a pump d for circulating the current of gas. The hydrocarbon introduced by a pipe l is sprayed, as by means of the circulating gas, either directly into the chamber l or, as shown, into a preliminary mixing- chamber m, in which impurities such as asphalt are separated as a result of their low volatility. The pressure may range from 2 to 15 atmospheres. Specifications 2328/12 and 19,051/12 are referred to.

Process for the conversion of liquid hydrocarbons into aromatic hydrocarbons and gaseous products

Non-aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures having a boiling-range within 50-400 DEG C., particularly petroleum distillates boiling between 90 DEG and 300 DEG C., are converted into aromatic hydrocarbons and olefin-containing gases by passing the vaporized feed through a reactor filled with substantially non-absorptive pieces of non-metallic, refractory material, at a temperature between 600 DEG and 800 DEG C., a pressure between atmospheric and 5 atm. (gauge), and a space velocity between 0.05 and 0.6, preferably between 0.2 and 0.6, litres of liquid-feed per hour per litre-volume of the reactor. "Substantially non-absorptive pieces" are defined as those which absorb not more than 50 mgm., and preferably not more than 10 mgm., of water per c.c. of material under certain conditions which are set forth in the Specification. The material must be refractory at 1000 DEG C., and it must be able to withstand a large number of oxidation treatments for the burning-off of carbon. Suitable materials are hard ...

Process for the Production of Erythrene.

... 251. Farbenfabriken vorm. F. Bayer &. Co. Jan. 10, 1911, [Convention date]. Hydrocarbons, cracking.-Erythrene is produced by decomposing petroleum or petroleum fractions or residues by means of heated contact substances or heated surfaces and isolating the erythrene by known methods from the gaseous mixture resulting. In an example, platinum wire gauze electrically-heated to a dull red heat is used. Specification 26,936/09 is referred to.

Improvements relating to the vaporization and/or cracking of liquids or mixtures of liquids, more particularly of hydrocarbon, oils and tars

... A liquid, especially a hydrocarbon oil or tar is vaporized and/or cracked by passing it in the form of drops, or a stream or streams of small thickness compared with length, within and spaced from the walls of a heating chamber, the walls being at a sufficiently high temperature to effect vaporization or cracking by the heat radiated therefrom, part or all of the vapours formed being led off and the liquid leaving the chamber being fed through a further heating chamber in like manner. The radiated heat may be augmented by the introduction of hot gaseous combustion products. The vapours obtained may be fractionally condensed in one or more distillation columns, from which reflux is retured to the chambers. The heating chambers may contain a contact catalyst or the walls of the chamber, which reflux is returned o the chambers. with a hammer-scale layer may themselves exert a catalytic effect. In Fig. 1, liquid from a distributing vessel 11 flows through a plurality of ...

Process and apparatus for cracking vegetable tar

Vegetable tar is cracked by applying a moving spray of the liquid tar against the inner wall of a container heated to a temperature between 350 DEG and 500 DEG C.; and the vaporous products so formed are introduced into a fractionating column from which various condensates may be withdrawn. These condensates are suitable as solvents or, when mixed with ethyl alcohol, as fuels in internal combustion engines. In the drawing, the container comprises a metal cylinder a which is heated to about 500 DEG C. by furnace b; and the tar is sprayed against the walls of the cylinder through atomizer 5 which forms part of the working-face of reciprocating piston 3. The tar is supplied from reservoir d, from which it is pumped by pump e to atomizer 5 via flexible hose 9 and the bore of hollow piston-rod 4. The vapours, formed by the cracking, are passed to rectifying column h; and the carbon-residues are discharged into two sumps 10. The light fractions are mainly composed of benzene ...

EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FOR UPGRADING OIL

The invention provides equipment and process for upgrading oil to produce a refined oil lighter than a material oil by cracking the heavier material oil with the addition of hydrogen under relatively relaxed production conditions. An equipment for upgrading oil according to one aspect of the invention includes an emulsion making portion 10, a refinery tank portion 20, and a heating portion 30, and configured to make an emulsion E by emulsifying ionized alkaline water A in a material oil O1 in the emulsion making portion 10, and to drop droplets D of the emulsion E onto the surface S of a heat medium O2 in the refinery tank portion 20 heated by the heating portion 30.

Improvements with a method of cracking of hydrocarbons or relative to cetteméthode

Apparatus for the heating of dissociable liquids

High temperature quench system and process

A quench system and process for cooling high temperature gases is presented. The quench system includes a frustum, or conic, shaped section having an inlet at the smaller end of the quench section and the outlet at the larger end of the quench section. The system includes spray nozzles having openings flush with the wall of the quench section. The process includes spraying a large volume of liquid in small droplets for rapid heat transfer and vaporization of the quench liquid.

Method and system for liquid phase reactions using high shear

A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 m; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Umwandlungsverbindungen des Pyrens

Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of heavy petroleum oils and tarry residues

... 566,281. Gas manufacture. HENE, E., and TRINIDAD LEASEHOLDS, Ltd. July 25, 1939, No. 21656. [Class 55 (ii)] [Also in Group III] Distillates of the nature of gas oil are obtained from heavy oil and tarry residues with a minimum production of coke, gasoline and gas by spraying or dripping the oil on to the surface of a body composed of lumps of porous material, e.g. coke heated to 400-600‹ C., the rate of feed of the oil and size of the lumps being such that only a thin film of oil is formed on each of the lumps contacted by the oil at any given instant of time and the vapours formed being rapidly withdrawn and condensed. The contact body consists preferably of a bed about one inch thick of lumps of coke # -¥ inches in diameter which increase in size owing to the carbon deposited thereon. Gases or vapours, e.g. ethylene, may be passed through the bed to carry off rapidly the vapours which may then be cracked. Asphaltic oils may be diluted with lighter oils. A reduced Trinidad mixed base crude ...

Improvements in or relating to Processes and Apparatus for Converting Heavier Oils into Lighter Oils.

16,830. Lamplough, F. Nov. 30. Hydrocarbon oils, cracking.-In converting heavier oils into lighter oils, the vapours are heated to a temperature just below that at which fixed gas is formed or cracking will occur, and are then passed over electrically heated elements maintained at a dull-red heat (about 700‹ C.). The vapours from a still A are passed through a coil C heated by a jacket B, and thence into the compartment D' below the false bottom D<2>. of a chamber D, into which the vapours rise by a line of nozzles D<3>. The vapours pass over electric heaters E, E<1> formed of nickel wires wound on insulating-material.. The vapours pass away through pipes F, F<1>. Light vapours evolved in the still A on first heating may be separately withdrawn and condensed.

Improvements in the production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons of low boiling point from mineral and other oils, tars and the like

... 294,557. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). April 21, 1927. Hydrocarbons, cracking.-Hydrocarbons are cracked by passing them in the state of vapour over a heating device B arranged in a single plane and of relatively small dimensions in the direction of flow of the vapours. The heater may comprise a short length of piping arranged in the form of a grate, or a rod, ribbon, or spiral of metal, and may be exposed at intervals to a blast of air, hydrogen or of gases containing hydrogen, to prevent deposition of carbon thereon. The apparatus comprises an enamelled vessel A containing a heater B comprising a number of nickel-chromium tubes maintained at 700‹ C. by passing therethrough a current of hot gases. Partially-decomposed constituents are condensed in a condenser D maintained at 100‹ C. and returned to the still, the light benzines being condensed in a condenser E. The heating element may also consist of carbon, silicon-carbide, or graphite electrically heated and is protected ...

Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of liquid hydrocarbons. asphalt oils and oils in general or mixtures of the same with methyl and ethyl alcohol, or mixtures of such alcohols

... Oils and mixtures of oils and alcohols are converted into antidetonating fuel by forcing them under pressure into an exteriorly heated steel chamber or pipe T in which are arranged transversely to its axis a series of perforated discs, diaphragms, or like heat distributing members 3 and through which the materials are passed rapidly, the liquid material being completely transformed into vapour which is superheated, and then passed through a pipe 21 provided with a safety valve 15 to a condenser 12 and receiver 13. The discs 3 may be of copper or iron. The chamber T is provided with a micrometer 4 and pyrometer 5 and is supplied with oil &c., from a line t, t<1> by a pump 10. The chamber is heated by a burner 8 supplied with naphtha from a tank 7 and air from a pump 11. The plant may be used to carry out the process described in Specification 420,600.

METHODS FOR PROCESSING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Disclosed are methods and modular devices for processing hydrocarbon feedstocks. In particular, the methods and modular devices disclosed herein provide for increasing the amounts of light fractions obtainable from a hydrocarbon feedstock.

AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR BITUMEN PARTIAL UPGRADING

The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product.

Improvements with the modes of treatment of hydrocarbons

Process and apparatus for the cracking of liquid hydrocarbons

Process for the heat treatment of hydrocarbons

Method and devices of preparation of a fuel for application and the spark-ignition engine supply other

Method of heat treating hydrocarbon oil

Improvements in or relating to the cracking of oils

... 219,404. V.L. Oil Processes, Ltd., Lucas, O. D., and Lomax, E. L. April 26,1923. Hydrocarbons, cracking. - In cracking hydrocarbon oils by passing the vapours through a heated cracking retort which may contain a catalyst, the oil is preheated under a pressure which maintains it in liquid form to such a temperature that on admission to the cracking retort complete vaporization takes place. The heating is effected by passage through a tube C in a furnace chamber a which receives hot gases from the furnace chamber a<1> of the cracking retort B; auxiliary burners may be provided in an intermediate chamber a<2>. The heated oil is admitted to the cracking retort B through a valve c<1> and spraying nozzle, together with uncondensed gases from the process heated by passage through a pipe d in the chamber a and admitted to the spraying nozzle by a valve d'. A small proportion of ammonia or hydrogen may be added to the gases. In treating gas oil, the oil is heated to about 400‹ C. under a pressure ...

Process and apparatus for obtaining light hydrocarbons and carbon from heavy hydrocarbons, coal tar, pitch and the like

... 257,152. Knapp, W., and Wandsbeker Maschinenfabrik und Eisenbauanstalt B. Fischer & C. Steiding. Dec. 24,1925. Oil gas; materials for making gas, coke, and other products.-Heavy hydrocarbons, coal tar, or pitch are destructively distilled to yield combustible gas, light hydrocarbons, and carbons suitable for use as fuel. Retorts 8 heated by a furnace 2, receive through a door 10, a horizontal cylindrical container 21 filled with the material to be distilled and having a longitudinal slot in its upper side covered by a loose lid 24. The heat of the retort causes the liquid to boil and lifts the lid 24. The liquid flows on to the hot wall of the retort where carbon is formed and - vapours are driven off. The vapours pass by pipes 12, 14, through oil contained in a still 13 and thence to coolers which condense light hydrocarbons. The remaining vapours are compressed to separate further constituents and to leave gas consisting mainly of methane and suitable for lighting or other purposes.

Improvement in method of coking hydrocarbons

... In a process for distilling and coking hydrocarbon oils, the oils are flashed and fractionated, preferably under vacuum, in a flashing tower, the required temperature being maintained by continuously drawing off a fractionated side stream from the tower, and returning it thereto after heating it to above 455 DEG C. and the pitchy residues collecting at the bottom of the tower are fed into a coking chamber and coked. Fuel oil, introduced through a pipe 11, is fed alternatively through lines 13, 13a into a flashing tower 14. A condensate collected in a tray 26 is passed through a line 29 into a pipe still 47 where it is heated to 455 DEG C. and then returned to the tower through a line 48 in admixture with the feed from the line 13a. Light vapours pass off at the top of the tower through a line 15 to condensation and collection. The heavy residues are withdrawn through a line 49 and passed, optionally through a coil 55 heated by waste gases, and then through lines 61, ...

Improvements in Cigarette Machines.

EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FOR UPGRADING OIL

An apparatus for converting a heavy oil into a light oil in which a heavy raw oil can be decomposed under relatively mild conditions while adding hydrogen to thereby yield an oil lighter than the raw oil. An embodiment of the apparatus for converting a heavy oil into a light oil comprises an emulsion formation part (10), a production vessel part (20), and a heating part (30). In the emulsion formation part (10), an alkali-ion water (A) is emulsified in a raw oil (O1) to yield an emulsion (E). Droplets (D) of this emulsion (E) are dropped onto the surface (S) of a heat medium (O2) which has been heated by the heating part (30) and is present in the production vessel part (20).

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL

The present invention relates to a reaction method and apparatus, suitable for producing fuel by reaction of bio-oil with oil and/or melt. The present inventors have found that where bio-oil vapour is flowed into a reaction chamber and heated together with oil/melt (e.g. hydrocarbon oil/melt), a product useful as a fuel (e.g. as a diesel fuel) can be produced. This provides a particularly convenient method for cracking oil/melt. Advantageously, by providing the bio-oil as a vapour, the formation and accumulation of char in the reaction chamber can be reduced or avoided. The bio-oil vapour and the oil and/or melt may be heated together without the addition of a catalyst.

Process and apparatus to carry out a complete combustion of liquid fuels

Process and apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbons

Improvements brought to the processes and devices to coke or crack of oils, pitches or analogues

Apparatus for cracking oil

REVOLUBLE RETORT FOR DISTILLING OIL.

Improvements in and apparatus for the heating of liquids capable of being decomposed

... 333,241. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). Feb. 8, 1929. Hydrocarbons,cracking; bulk evaporators.- In apparatus having moving heating- surfaces for heating liquids capable of decomposition and applied particularly to the cracking. of oils and the concentration of solutions, dispersions or emulsions of easily decomposable substances such as gelatine, the heating surfaces are made stream-line in cross -section and so arranged and disposed that their movement meets with the least possible resistance. In one form, the bodies are constructed of short strips, completely immersed and arranged to rotate round a central axis. the length of the strips being parallel to the axis of rotation and their breadth in a direction tangential to the circular path of the heating body; preferably the bodies are electrically heated. Stirrers or pumps may be provided to move the liquid in a direction opposite to that of the stirrers. As shown in Fig. 1, in a vessel 1 wherein hydrocarbons of high ...

A method of and apparatus for cracking mineral oils

Hydrocarbon vapours are cracked in a bank of double tubes E each of which comprises an outer tube closed at one end and an inner tube disposed so that the oil vapours flow through the outer tubes in counter-current to the furnace gases and then flow in reversed direction through the inner tubes. The crude oil is preheated by contact with the cracked vapours in a packed tower A and then flows along the bottom of a vapour collector B through a pipe 3 into a still C the vapours from which pass through a pipe 5 to a vapour distributer D. The tubes E are heated by the gases of combustion from a burner F used to heat the still C. Pitch may be drawn off continuously or intermittently through a pipe 4. The tubes E may be inclined and provided with baffles.

Improvements in and relating to the cracking of heavy oil vapours

Heavy oils boiling above 300 DEG C. are cracked by passing the vaporised oil, diluted with not less than 1 per cent and not more than 10 per cent by weight of inert gaseous diluents and with not more than 3 per cent of an oxidising agent, e.g. steam or carbon dioxide through a tube the reacting surfaces of which are oxidised or coated with iron oxide and which is maintained at a temperature of at least 600 DEG C. A hydrocarbon diluent is preferably used which will be converted under the reaction conditions, e.g. ethylene which is converted to propylene or light paraffins which are converted to higher olefines. Oil vapours (b.p. 300 DEG C. upwards) containing .5 per cent by weight of steam are mixed with ethylene and the mixture is passed at the rate of .2 litres per minute through an oxidised iron tube 10 inches long and 1 inch in diameter, 40 per cent of the product obtained boiled below 200 DEG C.

Process and apparatus for the cracking of hydrocarbons, oils, tars and coal-oil suspensions

... Oils, tars, and coal-oil suspensions are preheated prior to cracking by feeding the materials through a pipe b up the annular space formed between an outer cylindrical vessel a heated in a furnace d and an inner cylinder c, the material being given a p rotary motion by scrapers g individually mounted and rotated, or attached to the inner vessel c which is then itself rotated by gearing p. The liquid flows over the top and down the inside of the vessel inside which it is cracked. Residual oil is removed through a pipe i and the vapours and gases evolved are led off through pipes h<1>, h<2>. A number of vessels may be arranged in series, in parallel or in series parallel.

Process of use of pitch, tar, of resin of acid and other combustible materials

Method of preparation of hydrocarbons at low point of boiling

Process improved for the processing of heavy liquid hydrocarbons

Process and equipment for the pyrolysis and the coking of a mixture of solid carbonaceous matters to the state of fine division and hydrocarbon oils

Process of treating oil

Barriere gegen die Ausbreitung von schweren Kohlenwasserstoffen in Behältern und Rohrleitungen

An Improved Process and Apparatus for Transforming Heavy Petroleum Products into Lighter Products.

... 106,042. Deakin, F. B., (Roth, P., and Venturino, M. E.). Sept. 20, 1916. Hydrocarbons, cracking.- Crude petroleum and heavy petroleum products are transformed into lighter hydrocarbons by spraying them into a retort containing petroleum residue, asphalt, or the like heated to a temperature above the boiling-point of the injected oils. In one form of apparatus, crude petroleum is passed through a series of retorts 1, 6, 9, 12, which may be duplicated. The benzine and the lighter products distilling up to 200‹ C. are removed in the retort 1 and the kerosene and lubricating-oils in the retort 6. A further small proportion of oils is removed in the retort 9 which is kept at a temperature 10-20‹ C. below that of the retort 6, the residual oil flowing to the retort 12 being thus prevented from boiling. The oils to be transformed are sprayed into the retort 12 by means of a compressor 19 and a spraying-nozzle 20, the resulting vapours flowing to a condenser 22. In the plant shown, the oils thus ...

Improvements in the Manufacture of Light Hydrocarbons from Heavy Hydrocarbons.

9162. Rittman, W. F. March 15, [Convention date]. Hydrocarbon oils, cracking. - Crude oils, heavy hydrocarbons, &c. are cracked for the production of gasolene and other light hydrocarbons by suddenly vaporizing the oil, submitting the vapour in the absence of liquid to a cracking temperature under a pressure of at least 6 atmospheres, and collecting the products which condense at 30‹ C. The apparatus comprises a chamber A heated by a resistance wire a and fitted at its upper end with a perforated disk m supporting metal balls or other packing g for flashing into vapour the oil fed from the feed-cup C. The gases formed tend to remain in the cracking-chamber, while the heavier condensable products pass downwards to a condenser D. The pressure is adjusted by a valve G. The cracking temperature is not less than 400‹ C. It is preferred to employ a temperature of 500- 700‹ C. and a pressure of 300 lb. per square inch.

Improvements in Valves.

INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR BITUMEN PARTIAL UPGRADING

The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product. 1. An integrated system for partially upgrading a hydrocarbon containing heavy oil into a hydrocarbon product , comprising:(a) an oxyfuel combustion process carried out in a thermal nozzle producing a hot gas that atomizes a hydrocarbon containing heavy oil and induces upgrading reactions to produce a reactor effluent containing a partially upgraded oil;(b) cooling the reactor effluent; and(c) separating the reactor effluent into a substantially water free partially upgraded hydrocarbon oil product, a water liquid fraction and a gas fraction.2. An integrated system for partially upgrading a hydrocarbon containing heavy oil into a hydrocarbon product , comprising:(a) a reactor with a thermal nozzle operating an oxyfuel combustion process producing a hot gas that atomizes a hydrocarbon containing heavy oil and induces upgrading reactions to produce a reactor effluent containing a partially upgraded oil;(b) a heat recovery/process boiler for receiving and cooling the partially upgraded reactor effluent producing steam;(c) a flash drum for receiving and separating the reactor effluent into a lighter hydrocarbon and cracked combustion gases portion which is removed overhead from the top of the flash drum, and a flash drum bottom portion of heavier oil hydrocarbons;(d) at least one heat exchanger to cool the product from the top portion of the flush drum; and(e) a treater to receive the cooled flash drum portion and separate it into a gas fraction, a water fraction and a light hydrocarbon liquid fraction and(f) combining the flash drum bottom portion from step (c) with the light hydrocarbon liquid fraction from step (e) to form a partially upgraded oil product.3. The integrated ...

Integrated system for bitumen partial upgrading

The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product.

METHODS FOR PROCESSING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Disclosed are methods and modular devices for processing hydrocarbon feedstocks. In particular, the methods and modular devices disclosed herein provide for increasing the amounts of light fractions obtainable from a hydrocarbon feedstock. 1. A device comprising a distillation module suitable for distilling a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid component and a gaseous component , a first communication channel , and a plurality of condensation modules aligned sequentially along said first communication channel so as to define upstream and downstream condensation moduleswherein the gaseous component of said distillation module is in communication with each of said condensation modules via said first communication channel, said device further comprises:a) a heating element to heat said feedstock in said distillation module, i) the terminal end of the first communication channel to one or more of the condensation modules;', 'ii) or one of the downstream condensation modules to one or more upstream condensation modules;, 'b) a second communication channel positioned to move hydrocarbons from either'}c) an optional pump or blower to move the hydrocarbons through said second communication channel to one or more condensation module(s);d) introducing means connected to said second communication channel so that hydrocarbons transported therein can be introduced into one or more of said condensation module(s) under conditions such that at least a portion of the hydrocarbon condensate in said module(s) is cracked; ande) collection means for recovering said condensate from one or more condensation modules.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second communication channel is configured to convert or maintain said hydrocarbons contained therein in a liquid state.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the second communication channel is configured to introduced the hydrocarbons into the hydrocarbon liquid condensate of one or more of said condensation module(s).4. The device of claim ...

Nozzle reactor and method of use

A nozzle reactor includes a passage having one or more regions with a converging-diverging shape. The nozzle reactor accelerates a reacting fluid to supersonic velocities and mixes it with a feed material. The reacting fluid and the feed material may be pre-heated. The high speed collision between the reacting fluid and the feed material at elevated temperatures causes the materials to react.

Improvements in Method of Converting Heavy Hydrocarbons into Light Hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon Gases.

17,822. Dehn, F. B., [Synthetic Hydrocarbon Co.]. Dec. 20. Cracking hydrocarbons. - Relates to transforming heavy hydrocarbons into lighter liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons by continuously and completely flashing them into vapour, subjecting the vapour to a cracking temperature while flowing downwardly through a column such as to permit of free subsidence of the heavier particles, and withdrawing the vapour at the base of the column. The invention consists in the employment of means for varying the pressure maintained during the operation and thus enabling the nature of the products obtained to be varied. A suitable raw material is kerosene of 81 sp. gr. By the use of pressures below 10 lbs., per sq. in. absolute, gaseous hydrocarbons of an unsaturated character are obtained; below 4 lbs. absolute, gaseous hydrocarbons of the ethylene series are obtained. Hydrogen, methane or other gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (as water-gas) may be admitted to the cracking chamber. At pressures above atmospheric, say about 5 atmospheres, aromatic hydrocarbons are produced; at pressures above 6 atmospheres, xylene and toluene are obtained; at pressures of about 10 atmospheres, benzene is obtained. At high pressures, gasoline is obtained. The temperatures employed are 750-900‹ C. for the production of gases, 600-650‹ C. for xylene and toluene, 650-800‹ C. for benzene, and 450-500‹ C. for gasoline. Apparatus employed more particularly for generating gas comprises a cracking- chamber a heated electrically or otherwise and provided at the top with a packing g on which the heavy hydrocarbon coming from the tank C is vaporized. The products flow through acondenser D to a receiver E, whence the gases are withdrawn by a vacuum pump G. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications Nos. 9162/15, 9163/15, and 13,100/15.

Improvements in and connected with the Cracking of Hydrocarbons.

12,188. Lewis, G. P. Aug. 24. [Cognate Application. 2509/16.] No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). H y d r o c a r b o n oils, cracking. - Hydrocarbons are cracked under pressure in apparatus comprising an oil-vaporizer A, a vapour-heater E, and a reflux condenser J the temperature o f which is regutated so as to return the heavier bodies to the vapour-heater E. The condenser may consist of tubes k surrounded by water boiling under a pressure which is varied by a valve L. The vapourheater E may be heated by a jacket F or tubes f and may be fitted with baffles or trays G to receive the reflux. The pressure is adjusted by a valve H arranged either before or after the condenser J. The oil and vapours are heated to 400-5000 C. under a pressure of 60-280 lb. per sq. in., and the reflux condenser may be kept at 150‹ C. Hydrogen or the gases formed in the plant may be introduced into the vapourheater. The vapour-heater may include a chamber filled with broken fire-brick, limestone, or pumice-stone, or with catalysts such as nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, zinc, aluminium, or their oxides, or material impregnated with such catalysts.

Method of treating hydrocarbons

Integrated system for bitumen partial upgrading

The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product.

Process and apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon oils

Improved mode of distilling liquids from coal-tar

High temperature quench system and process

A quench system and process for cooling high temperature gases is presented. The quench system includes a frustum, or conic, shaped section having an inlet at the smaller end of the quench section and the outlet at the larger end of the quench section. The system includes spray nozzles having openings flush with the wall of the quench section. The process includes spraying a large volume of liquid in small droplets for rapid heat transfer and vaporization of the quench liquid.

Improvements in or relating to the cracking, catalysing, and hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials

278,041. Bianchi, A. E., and Guardabassi, G. May 27, 1926. Carbonizing-apparatus.-The charge from a hopper B passes into the upper compartments A of a heated retort and is moved along in thin films by agitators P to an openings d<1> through which it falls into a lower comparment C and is passed by agitators S to an outlet E. The vapours rise through a screen t<1> from which chains T hang loosely into the paths of the agitators P. The chains serve to retain in the reaction chamber dust and carbon formed bv decomposition of the vapours. The chains and the inner surfaces of the apparatus may be coated with catalytic materials, and catalytic screens J, J<1> may be placed in the vapour outlet pipes. Hydrogen may be supplied to the retort. Specification 224,568 is referred to.

Appabattjs fob treating hydrocarbon oils

Process of cracking oil

Process for processing a hydrocarbon feedstock

公开了用于加工烃原料的方法和模块化装置。具体地，本文所公开的方法和模块化装置用于增加可从烃原料获得的轻馏分的量。

Process of cracking hydrocarbons

Improvements in cracking of hydrocarbons and resulting bodies

Patent BE462362A

Heavy oil lightening device and method

本発明は、比較的緩やかな生成条件で水素を添加しながら重質な原料油を分解することによって原料油よりも軽質な生成油を得ることができる重質油軽質化装置及び重質油軽質化方法を提供する。本発明の一態様に係る重質油軽質化装置は、乳濁液生成部１０と生成槽部２０と加熱部３０とを備え、乳濁液生成部１０でアルカリイオン水Ａを原料油Ｏ１中に乳化することによって乳濁液Ｅを生成し、加熱部３０で加熱した生成槽部２０内の熱媒体Ｏ２の表面Ｓへこの乳濁液Ｅの液滴Ｄを滴下するものである。 The present invention relates to a heavy oil lightening device and a heavy oil lighter capable of obtaining a lighter product oil than a raw material oil by decomposing a heavy stock oil while adding hydrogen under relatively mild production conditions. Provide a method The heavy oil lightening device according to one aspect of the present invention includes an emulsion generation unit 10, a generation tank unit 20, and a heating unit 30, and the emulsion generation unit 10 supplies alkaline ionized water A in the raw material oil O1. The emulsion E is produced by being emulsified, and the droplet D of the emulsion E is dropped onto the surface S of the heat medium O2 in the production tank part 20 heated by the heating part 30.

Process for the decomposition of hydrocarbon oils under pressure

Dielectric heating of three-dimensional carbon nanostructured porous foams as a heat exchanger for volumetric heating of flowing fluids

Method of coking heavy fluent hydrocarbons

Treatment of hydrocarbons

Apparatus for treating oil

Distillation of oil.

Furnace

Apparatus for the conversion and transformation of liquids, fluids, and oils

Methods and apparatus for the production of fuel

The present invention relates to a reaction method and apparatus, suitable for producing fuel by reaction of bio-oil with oil and/or melt. The present inventors have found that where bio-oil vapour is flowed into a reaction chamber and heated together with oil/melt (e.g. hydrocarbon oil/melt), a product useful as a fuel (e.g. as a diesel fuel) can be produced. This provides a particularly convenient method for cracking oil/melt. Advantageously, by providing the bio-oil as a vapour, the formation and accumulation of char in the reaction chamber can be reduced or avoided. The bio-oil vapour and the oil and/or melt may be heated together without the addition of a catalyst.

Manufacture of gasoline

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Petroleum-still

Process and apparatus for treating hydrocarbons

流動流体の容積加熱のための熱交換器としての三次元炭素ナノ構造多孔質発泡体の誘電加熱

熱伝達材料としての炭素ナノ構造多孔質発泡体および電子熱源を使用して物質（すなわち、液体、気体、および／または吸収された固体）を加熱するためのシステムおよび方法が記載されている。いくつかの実施形態では、熱源はマイクロ波容積加熱（ＭＶＨ）システムであってもよい。所望の物質のいずれかを加熱、気化、または分解するための方法は、炭素ナノ構造多孔質発泡体熱伝達材料を通して物質を濾過または連続的に流動し、物質の物理的閉じ込めまたは吸収をもたらし、炭素ナノ構造多孔質発泡体熱伝達材料を十分な電子放射にさらすことを含んでもよい。【選択図】図１

Dielectric heating of three-dimensional carbon nanostructured porous foams as a heat exchanger for volumetric heating of flowing fluids

تسخين مواد رغوية مسامية عازلة ثلاثية الأبعاد ذات بنية كربونية نانوية بصفتها مواد تبادل حرارى تستخدم في التسخين الحجمي للموائع المتدفقة

يصف هذا الاختراع نظام وطريقة لتسخين مادة (أي، مادة سائلة، غازية، و/أو صلبة ممتصة) باستخدام مادة رغوية مسامية ذات بنية كربونية نانوية بصفتها مادة ناقلة للحرارة وباستخدام مصدر حراري إلكتروني. وفي بعض التجسيدات، قد يكون المصدر الحرارى عبارة عن نظام تسخين حجمي بالموجات الصغرية microwave volumetric heating MVH. وقد تتضمن طريقة التسخين، التبخير، أو التفكيك لأي من المواد المرغوبة الترشيح أو التدفق بشكل متواصل للمادة من خلال المادة الناقلة للحرارة الرغوية المسامية ذات البنية الكربونية النانوية، مما يؤدي إلى الحصر أو الامتصاص الفيزيائي للمادة، وتعريض المادة الناقلة للحرارة الرغوية المسامية ذات البنية الكربونية النانوية لإشعاع إلكتروني electronic radiation بشكل كافٍ. انظر الشكل 1.

Process for converting oil

Improvement in oil-stills

Expander for cracking hydrocarbon oils

Coking hydrocarbon oils

Furnace for treating hydrocarbons

Verfahren und Apparat zur Spaltung von Schweroelen

Treatment of hydrocarbons

Conversion apparatus for refining hydrocarbon materials

Process for hydrocarbon oil conversion

Still for petroleum-oil hydrocarbon fluids.

Method of lowering the boiling and flashing point of kerosene and like hydrocarbon oils

Oil-treating apparatus

Improvement in the manufacture of oil-stills

Improvement in gas-generators

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Apparatus for treating hydrocarbons

Improvement in stills for oil

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Process and apparatus for treating oil

Apparatus for treating hydrocarbons

Method of and apparatus for the thermolytic decomposition of heavy liquid hydrocarbons

Process of treating hydrocarbons

Cracking process

Improvement in stills for petroleum

Dielectric heating of three-dimensional carbon nanostructured porous foams as a heat exchanger for volumetric heating of flowing fluids

A system and method are described for heating a substance (i.e., liquid, gas, and/or an absorbed solid) using a carbon nanostructured porous foam as a heat transfer material and an electronic heat source. In some embodiments, the heat source may be a microwave volumetric heating (MVH) system. The method for heating, vaporizing, or decomposing any of the desired substance may involve filtering or continuously flowing the substance through the carbon nanostructured porous foam heat transfer material, resulting in physical confinement or absorption of the substance, and subjecting the carbon nanostructure porous foam heat transfer material to sufficient electronic radiation.

Conversion of hydrocarbon liquids

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Apparatus for treatment of hydrocarbons

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spalten von Erdoel

Verfahren zur Erzeugung von leicht siedenden Kohlenwasserstoffen und Gasen aus zerstaeubt eingebrachtem Brennstoff in einer von aussen beheizten Zersetzungskammer

Apparatus for refining oil

Process and apparatus for distilling liquids

Apparatus for distilling oil

Procédé de transformation des hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition élevé en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition inférieur

Apparatus for manufacture of gas

Process and apparatus for continuously cracking oils

Werkwijze ter bereiding van erythreen

Treatment of hydrocarbons

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Treatment of hydrocarbons

Method and system for liquid phase reactions using high shear

A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 μm; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.

Werkwijze tot het omzetten van hoger kokende koolwaterstoffen in lager kokende